TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 1 

TABLE 2 – ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON 

DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION

(Applicable in Adams, Asotin, Chelan, Columbia, Douglas, Ferry, Franklin, Garfield, Grant, 

Kittitas, Klickitat, Lincoln, Okanogan, Pend Oreille, San Juan, Stevens, Walla Walla, and 

Whitman counties, excluding facilities subject to Energy Facilities Site Evaluation Council 

(EFSEC) jurisdiction. These regulations also apply statewide for facilities subject to the 

applicability sections of WAC 173-405-012, WAC 173-410-012, and WAC 173-415-012). 

WAC 173-400 GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION SOURCES 

173-400-010 Policy and Purpose. 

(1) It is the policy of the Department of Ecology (Ecology) under the authority vested in it by 

chapter 43.21A RCW to provide for the systematic control of air pollution from air contaminant 

sources and for the proper development of the state’s natural resources. 

(2) It is the purpose of this chapter to establish technically feasible and reasonably attainable 

standards and to establish rules generally applicable to the control and/or prevention of the 

emission of air contaminants. 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-020 Applicability. 

(1) The provisions of this chapter shall apply statewide, except for specific subsections where a 

local authority has adopted and implemented corresponding local rules that apply only to sources 

subject to local jurisdiction as provided under RCW 70.94.141 and 70.94.331. 

 (2) An authority may enforce this chapter and may also adopt standards or requirements. These 

standards or requirements may not be less stringent than the current state air quality rules and 

may be more stringent than the current regulations. Unless properly delegated by ecology, 

authorities do not have jurisdiction over the following sources: 

 (a) Specific source categories over which the state, by separate regulation, has assumed or 

hereafter does assume jurisdiction. 

 (b) Automobiles, trucks, aircraft. 

 (c) Those sources under the jurisdiction of the energy facility site evaluation council. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 2 

173-400-030 Definitions. 

The definitions in this section apply statewide except where a permitting authority has redefined 

a specific term. Except as provided elsewhere in this chapter, the definitions in this section apply 

throughout the chapter: 

 (1) "Actual emissions" means the actual rate of emissions of a pollutant from an emission 

unit, as determined in accordance with (a) through (c) of this subsection. 

 (a) In general, actual emissions as of a particular date shall equal the average rate, in tons per 

year, at which the emissions unit actually emitted the pollutant during a two-year period which 

precedes the particular date and which is representative of normal source operation. Ecology or 

an authority shall allow the use of a different time period upon a determination that it is more 

representative of normal source operation. Actual emissions shall be calculated using the 

emissions unit's actual operating hours, production rates, and types of materials processed, 

stored, or combusted during the selected time period. 

 (b) Ecology or an authority may presume that source-specific allowable emissions for the unit 

are equivalent to the actual emissions of the emissions unit. 

 (c) For any emissions unit which has not begun normal operations on the particular date, 

actual emissions shall equal the potential to emit of the emissions unit on that date. 

 (2) "Adverse impact on visibility" is defined in WAC 173-400-117. 

 (3) "Air contaminant" means dust, fumes, mist, smoke, other particulate matter, vapor, gas, 

odorous substance, or any combination thereof. "Air pollutant" means the same as "air 

contaminant." 

 (4) "Air pollution" means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more air 

contaminants in sufficient quantities, and of such characteristics and duration as is, or is likely to

be, injurious to human health, plant or animal life, or property, or which unreasonably interferes 

with enjoyment of life and property. For the purposes of this chapter, air pollution shall not 

include air contaminants emitted in compliance with chapter 17.21 RCW, the Washington 

Pesticide Application Act, which regulates the application and control of the use of various 

pesticides. 

 (5) "Allowable emissions" means the emission rate of a source calculated using the 

maximum rated capacity of the source (unless the source is subject to federally enforceable limits 

which restrict the operating rate, or hours of operation, or both) and the most stringent of the 

following: 

 (a) The applicable standards as in 40 C.F.R. Part 60, 61, 62, or 63; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 3 

 (b) Any applicable SIP emissions limitation including those with a future compliance date; or 

 (c) The emissions rate specified as a federally enforceable approval condition, including those 

with a future compliance date. 

 (6) "Ambient air" means the surrounding outside air. 

 (7) "Ambient air quality standard" means an established concentration, exposure time, and 

frequency of occurrence of air contaminant(s) in the ambient air which shall not be exceeded. 

 (8) "Approval order" is defined in "order of approval." 

 (9) "Attainment area" means a geographic area designated by EPA at 40 C.F.R. Part 81 as 

having attained the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for a given criteria pollutant. 

 (10) "Authority" means any air pollution control agency whose jurisdictional boundaries are 

coextensive with the boundaries of one or more counties. 

 (11) "Begin actual construction" means, in general, initiation of physical on-site construction 

activities on an emission unit that are of a permanent nature. Such activities include, but are not 

limited to, installation of building supports and foundations, laying underground pipe work and 

construction of permanent storage structures. With respect to a change in method of operations, 

this term refers to those on-site activities other than preparatory activities which mark the 

initiation of the change. 

 (12) "Best available control technology (BACT)" means an emission limitation based on the 

maximum degree of reduction for each air pollutant subject to regulation under chapter 70.94 

RCW emitted from or which results from any new or modified stationary source, which the 

permitting authority, on a case-by-case basis, taking into account energy, environmental, and 

economic impacts and other costs, determines is achievable for such source or modification 

through application of production processes and available methods, systems, and techniques, 

including fuel cleaning, clean fuels, or treatment or innovative fuel combustion techniques for 

control of each such pollutant. In no event shall application of the "best available control 

technology" result in emissions of any pollutants which will exceed the emissions allowed by 

any applicable standard under 40 C.F.R. Part 60 and Part 61. Emissions from any source utilizing 

clean fuels, or any other means, to comply with this paragraph shall not be allowed to increase 

above levels that would have been required under the definition of BACT in the Federal Clean 

Air Act as it existed prior to enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. 

 (13) "Best available retrofit technology (BART)" means an emission limitation based on the 

degree of reduction achievable through the application of the best system of continuous emission 

reduction for each pollutant which is emitted by an existing stationary facility. The emission 

limitation must be established, on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the technology 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 4 

available, the costs of compliance, the energy and nonair quality environmental impacts of 

compliance, any pollution control equipment in use or in existence at the source, the remaining 

useful life of the source, and the degree of improvement in visibility which may reasonably be 

anticipated to result from the use of such technology. 

 (14) "Brake horsepower (BHP)" means the measure of an engine's horsepower without the 

loss in power caused by the gearbox, alternator, differential, water pump, and other auxiliary 

components. 

 (15) "Bubble" means a set of emission limits which allows an increase in emissions from a 

given emissions unit in exchange for a decrease in emissions from another emissions unit 

pursuant to RCW 70.94.155 and WAC 173-400-120. 

 (16) "Capacity factor" means the ratio of the average load on equipment or a machine for the 

period of time considered, to the manufacturer's capacity rating of the machine or equipment. 

 (17) "Class I area" means any area designated under section 162 or 164 of the Federal Clean 

Air Act as a Class I area. The following areas are the Class I areas in Washington state: 

 (a) Alpine Lakes Wilderness; 

 (b) Glacier Peak Wilderness; 

 (c) Goat Rocks Wilderness; 

 (d) Mount Adams Wilderness; 

 (e) Mount Rainier National Park; 

 (f) North Cascades National Park; 

 (g) Olympic National Park; 

 (h) Pasayten Wilderness; and 

 (i) Spokane Indian Reservation. 

 (18) "Combustion and incineration units" means units using combustion for waste disposal, 

steam production, chemical recovery or other process requirements; but excludes outdoor 

burning. 

 (19)(a) "Commence" as applied to construction means that the owner or operator has all the 

necessary preconstruction approvals or permits and either has: 

 (i) Begun, or caused to begin, a continuous program of actual on-site construction of the 

source, to be completed within a reasonable time; or 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 5 

 (ii) Entered into binding agreements or contractual obligations, which cannot be canceled or 

modified without substantial loss to the owner or operator, to undertake a program of actual 

construction of the source to be completed within a reasonable time. 

 (b) For the purposes of this definition, "necessary preconstruction approvals" means those 

permits or orders of approval required under federal air quality control laws and regulations, 

including state, local and federal regulations and orders contained in the SIP. 

 (20) "Concealment" means any action taken to reduce the observed or measured 

concentrations of a pollutant in a gaseous effluent while, in fact, not reducing the total amount of 

pollutant discharged. 

 (21) "Criteria pollutant" means a pollutant for which there is established a National Ambient 

Air Quality Standard at 40 C.F.R. Part 50. The criteria pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), 

particulate matter, ozone (O3) sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead (Pb), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). 

 (22) "Director" means director of the Washington state department of ecology or duly 

authorized representative. 

 (23) "Dispersion technique" means a method that attempts to affect the concentration of a 

pollutant in the ambient air other than by the use of pollution abatement equipment or integral 

process pollution controls. 

 (24) "Ecology" means the Washington state department of ecology. 

 (25) "Emission" means a release of air contaminants into the ambient air. 

 (26) "Emission reduction credit (ERC)" means a credit granted pursuant to WAC 173-400-

131. This is a voluntary reduction in emissions. 

 (27) "Emission standard" and "emission limitation" means a requirement established under 

the Federal Clean Air Act or chapter 70.94 RCW which limits the quantity, rate, or concentration 

of emissions of air contaminants on a continuous basis, including any requirement relating to the 

operation or maintenance of a source to assure continuous emission reduction and any design, 

equipment, work practice, or operational standard adopted under the Federal Clean Air Act or 

chapter 70.94 RCW. 

 (28) "Emission threshold" means an emission of a listed air contaminant at or above the 

following rates: 

Air Contaminant Annual Emission Rate 

Carbon monoxide: 100 tons per year 

Nitrogen oxides: 40 tons per year 

Sulfur dioxide: 40 tons per year 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 6 

Particulate matter (PM): 25 tons per year of PM emissions 

 15 tons per year of PM-10 emissions 

10 tons per year of PM-2.5 

Volatile organic compounds: 40 tons per year 

Fluorides: 3 tons per year 

Lead: 0.6 tons per year 

Sulfuric acid mist: 7 tons per year 

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): 10 tons per year 

Total reduced sulfur (including H2S): 10 tons per year 

Reduced sulfur compounds (including H2S): 10 tons per year 

 (29) "Emissions unit" or "emission unit" means any part of a stationary source or source 

which emits or would have the potential to emit any pollutant subject to regulation under the 

Federal Clean Air Act, chapter 70.94 or 70.98 RCW. 

 (30) "Excess emissions" means emissions of an air pollutant in excess of any applicable 

emission standard. 

 (31) "Excess stack height" means that portion of a stack which exceeds the greater of sixtyfive meters or the calculated stack height described in WAC 173-400-200(2). 

 (32) "Existing stationary facility (facility)" is defined in WAC 173-400-151. 

 (33) "Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA)" means the Federal Clean Air Act, also known as Public 

Law 88-206, 77 Stat. 392, December 17, 1963, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq., as last amended by the 

Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, P.L. 101-549, November 15, 1990. 

 (34) "Federal Class I area" means any federal land that is classified or reclassified Class I. 

The following areas are federal Class I areas in Washington state: 

 (a) Alpine Lakes Wilderness; 

 (b) Glacier Peak Wilderness; 

 (c) Goat Rocks Wilderness; 

 (d) Mount Adams Wilderness; 

 (e) Mount Rainier National Park; 

 (f) North Cascades National Park; 

 (g) Olympic National Park; and 

 (h) Pasayten Wilderness. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 7 

 (35) "Federal land manager" means the secretary of the department with authority over 

federal lands in the United States. 

 (36) "Federally enforceable" means all limitations and conditions which are enforceable by 

EPA, including those requirements developed under 40 C.F.R. Parts 60, 61, 62 and 63, 

requirements established within the Washington SIP, requirements within any approval or order 

established under 40 C.F.R. 52.21 or under a SIP approved new source review regulation, and 

emissions limitation orders issued under WAC 173-400-091. 

 (37) "Fossil fuel-fired steam generator" means a device, furnace, or boiler used in the process 

of burning fossil fuel for the primary purpose of producing steam by heat transfer. 

 (38) "Fugitive dust" means a particulate emission made airborne by forces of wind, man's 

activity, or both. Unpaved roads, construction sites, and tilled land are examples of areas that 

originate fugitive dust. Fugitive dust is a type of fugitive emission. 

 (39) "Fugitive emissions" means emissions that could not reasonably pass through a stack, 

chimney, vent, or other functionally equivalent opening. 

 (40) "General process unit" means an emissions unit using a procedure or a combination of 

procedures for the purpose of causing a change in material by either chemical or physical means, 

excluding combustion. 

 (41) "Good engineering practice (GEP)" refers to a calculated stack height based on the 

equation specified in WAC 173-400-200 (2)(a)(ii). 

 (42) "Greenhouse gases (GHGs)" includes carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 

hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. 

 (43) "Incinerator" means a furnace used primarily for the thermal destruction of waste. 

 (44) "In operation" means engaged in activity related to the primary design function of the 

source. 

 (45) "Mandatory Class I federal area" means any area defined in Section 162(a) of the Federal 

Clean Air Act. The following areas are the mandatory Class I federal areas in Washington state 

are 

 (a) Alpine Lakes Wilderness; 

 (b) Glacier Peak Wilderness; 

 (c) Goat Rocks Wilderness; 

 (d) Mount Adams Wilderness; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 8 

 (e) Mount Rainier National Park; 

 (f) North Cascades National Park; 

 (g) Olympic National Park; and 

 (h) Pasayten Wilderness; 

 (46) "Masking" means the mixing of a chemically nonreactive control agent with a 

malodorous gaseous effluent to change the perceived odor. 

 (47) "Materials handling" means the handling, transporting, loading, unloading, storage, and 

transfer of materials with no significant chemical or physical alteration. 

 (48) "Modification" means any physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, a 

stationary source that increases the amount of any air contaminant emitted by such source or that 

results in the emissions of any air contaminant not previously emitted. The term modification 

shall be construed consistent with the definition of modification in Section 7411, Title 42, United 

States Code, and with rules implementing that section. 

 (49) "National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)" means an ambient air quality 

standard set by EPA at 40 C.F.R. Part 50 and includes standards for carbon monoxide (CO), 

particulate matter, ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead (Pb), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). 

 (50) "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS)" means the 

federal rules in 40 C.F.R. Part 61. 

 (51) "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories" 

means the federal rules in 40 C.F.R. Part 63. 

 (52) "Natural conditions" means naturally occurring phenomena that reduce visibility as 

measured in terms of light extinction, visual range, contrast, or coloration. 

 (53) "New source" means: 

 (a) The construction or modification of a stationary source that increases the amount of any 

air contaminant emitted by such source or that results in the emission of any air contaminant not 

previously emitted; and 

 (b) Any other project that constitutes a new source under the Federal Clean Air Act. 

 (54) "New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)" means the federal rules in 40 C.F.R. Part 

60. 

 (55) "Nonattainment area" means a geographic area designated by EPA at 40 C.F.R. Part 81 

as exceeding a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for a given criteria pollutant. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 9 

An area is nonattainment only for the pollutants for which the area has been designated 

nonattainment. 

 (56) "Nonroad engine" means: 

 (a) Except as discussed in (b) of this subsection, a nonroad engine is any internal combustion 

engine: 

 (i) In or on a piece of equipment that is self-propelled or serves a dual purpose by both 

propelling itself and performing another function (such as garden tractors, off-highway mobile 

cranes and bulldozers); or 

 (ii) In or on a piece of equipment that is intended to be propelled while performing its 

function (such as lawnmowers and string trimmers); or 

 (iii) That, by itself or in or on a piece of equipment, is portable or transportable, meaning 

designed to be and capable of being carried or moved from one location to another. Indicia of 

transportability include, but are not limited to, wheels, skids, carrying handles, dolly, trailer, or 

platform. 

 (b) An internal combustion engine is not a nonroad engine if: 

 (i) The engine is used to propel a motor vehicle or a vehicle used solely for competition, or is 

subject to standards promulgated under section 202 of the Federal Clean Air Act; or 

 (ii) The engine is regulated by a New Source Performance Standard promulgated under 

section 111 of the Federal Clean Air Act; or 

 (iii) The engine otherwise included in (a)(iii) of this subsection remains or will remain at a 

location for more than twelve consecutive months or a shorter period of time for an engine 

located at a seasonal source. A location is any single site at a building, structure, facility, or 

installation. Any engine (or engines) that replaces an engine at a location and that is intended to 

perform the same or similar function as the engine replaced will be included in calculating the 

consecutive time period. An engine located at a seasonal source is an engine that remains at a 

seasonal source during the full annual operating period of the seasonal source. A seasonal source 

is a stationary source that remains in a single location on a permanent basis (i.e., at least two 

years) and that operates at that single location approximately three months (or more) each year. 

This paragraph does not apply to an engine after the engine is removed from the location. 

 (57) "Notice of construction application" means a written application to allow construction of 

a new source, modification of an existing stationary source or replacement or substantial 

alteration of control technology at an existing stationary source. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 10 

 (58) "Opacity" means the degree to which an object seen through a plume is obscured, stated 

as a percentage. 

 (59) "Outdoor burning" means the combustion of material in an open fire or in an outdoor 

container, without providing for the control of combustion or the control of the emissions from 

the combustion. Wood waste disposal in wigwam burners or silo burners is not considered 

outdoor burning. 

 (60) "Order" means any order issued by ecology or a local air authority pursuant to chapter 

70.94 RCW, including, but not limited to RCW 70.94.332, 70.94.152, 70.94.153, 70.94.154, and 

70.94.141(3), and includes, where used in the generic sense, the terms order, corrective action 

order, order of approval, and regulatory order. 

 (61) "Order of approval" or "approval order" means a regulatory order issued by a permitting 

authority to approve the notice of construction application for a proposed new source or 

modification, or the replacement or substantial alteration of control technology at an existing 

stationary source. 

 (62) "Ozone depleting substance" means any substance listed in Appendices A and B to 

Subpart A of 40 C.F.R. Part 82. 

 (63) "Particulate matter" or "particulates" means any airborne finely divided solid or liquid 

material with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 100 micrometers. 

 (64) "Particulate matter emissions" means all finely divided solid or liquid material, other 

than uncombined water, emitted to the ambient air as measured by applicable reference methods, 

or an equivalent or alternative method specified in Title 40, chapter I of the Code of Federal 

Regulations or by a test method specified in the SIP. 

 (65) "Parts per million (ppm)" means parts of a contaminant per million parts of gas, by 

volume, exclusive of water or particulates. 

 (66) "Permitting authority" means ecology or the local air pollution control authority with 

jurisdiction over the source. 

 (67) "Person" means an individual, firm, public or private corporation, association, 

partnership, political subdivision, municipality, or government agency. 

 (68) "PM-10" means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a 

nominal 10 micrometers as measured by a reference method based on 40C.F.R. Part 50 

Appendix J and designated in accordance with 40 C.F.R. Part 53 or by an equivalent method 

designated in accordance with 40 C.F.R. Part 53. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 11 

 (69) "PM-10 emissions" means finely divided solid or liquid material, including condensable 

particulate matter, with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers 

emitted to the ambient air as measured by an applicable reference method, or an equivalent or 

alternate method, specified in Appendix M of 40 C.F.R. Part 51 or by a test method specified in 

the SIP. 

 (70) "PM-2.5" means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a 

nominal 2.5 micrometers as measured by a reference method based on 40 C.F.R. Part 50 

Appendix L and designated in accordance with 40 C.F.R. Part 53 or by an equivalent method 

designated in accordance with 40 C.F.R. Part 53. 

 (71) "PM-2.5 emissions" means finely divided solid or liquid material, including condensable 

particulate matter, with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers 

emitted to the ambient air as measured by an applicable reference method, or an equivalent or 

alternate method, specified in 40 C.F.R. Part 51 or by a test method specified in the SIP. 

 (72) "Portable source" means a type of stationary source which emits air contaminants only 

while at a fixed location but which is capable of being transported to various locations. Examples 

include a portable asphalt plant or a portable package boiler. 

 (73) "Potential to emit" means the maximum capacity of a source to emit a pollutant under its 

physical and operational design. Any physical or operational limitation on the capacity of the 

source to emit a pollutant, including air pollution control equipment and restrictions on hours of 

operation or on the type or amount of material combusted, stored, or processed, shall be treated 

as part of its design only if the limitation or the effect it would have on emissions is enforceable. 

Secondary emissions do not count in determining the potential to emit of a source. 

 (74) "Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD)" means the program in WAC 173-400-700 

to 173-400-750. 

 (75) "Projected width" means that dimension of a structure determined from the frontal area of 

the structure, projected onto a plane perpendicular to a line between the center of the stack and 

the center of the building. 

 (76) "Reasonably attributable" means attributable by visual observation or any other technique 

the state deems appropriate. 

 (77) "Reasonably available control technology (RACT)" means the lowest emission limit that 

a particular source or source category is capable of meeting by the application of control 

technology that is reasonably available considering technological and economic feasibility. 

RACT is determined on a case-by-case basis for an individual source or source category taking 

into account the impact of the source upon air quality, the availability of additional controls, the 

emission reduction to be achieved by additional controls, the impact of additional controls on air 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 12 

quality, and the capital and operating costs of the additional controls. RACT requirements for 

any source or source category shall be adopted only after notice and opportunity for comment are 

afforded. 

 (78) "Regulatory order" means an order issued by a permitting authority that requires 

compliance with: 

 (a) Any applicable provision of chapter 70.94 RCW or rules adopted there under; or, 

 (b) Local air authority regulations adopted by the local air authority with jurisdiction over the

sources to whom the order is issued. 

 (79) "Secondary emissions" means emissions which would occur as a result of the 

construction or operation of a major stationary source or major modification, but do not come 

from the major stationary source or major modification itself. Secondary emissions must be 

specific, well defined, quantifiable, and impact the same general area as the major stationary 

source or major modification which causes the secondary emissions. Secondary emissions 

include emissions from any offsite support facility which would not be constructed or increase its 

emissions except as a result of the construction or operation of the major stationary source or 

major modification. Secondary emissions do not include any emissions which come directly 

from a mobile source such as emissions from the tailpipe of a motor vehicle, from a train, or 

from a vessel. 

 (80) "Source" means all of the emissions unit(s) including quantifiable fugitive emissions, 

that are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are under the control of 

the same person or persons under common control, whose activities are ancillary to the 

production of a single product or functionally related groups of products. 

 (81) "Source category" means all sources of the same type or classification. 

 (82) "Stack" means any point in a source designed to emit solids, liquids, or gases into the air,

including a pipe or duct. 

 (83) "Stack height" means the height of an emission point measured from the ground-level 

elevation at the base of the stack. 

 (84) "Standard conditions" means a temperature of 20°C (68°F) and a pressure of 760 mm 

(29.92 inches) of mercury. 

 (85) "State implementation plan (SIP)" or "Washington SIP" means the Washington SIP in 40 

C.F.R. Part 52, subpart WW. The SIP contains state, local and federal regulations and orders, the 

state plan and compliance schedules approved and promulgated by EPA, for the purpose of 

implementing, maintaining, and enforcing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 13 

 (86) "Stationary source" means any building, structure, facility, or installation which emits or 

may emit any air contaminant. This term does not include emissions resulting directly from an 

internal combustion engine for transportation purposes or from a nonroad engine or nonroad 

vehicle as defined in Section 216(11) of the Federal Clean Air Act. 

 (87) "Sulfuric acid plant" means any facility producing sulfuric acid by the contact process by 

burning elemental sulfur, alkylation acid, hydrogen sulfide, or acid sludge. 

 (88) "Synthetic minor" means any source whose potential to emit has been limited below 

applicable thresholds by means of an enforceable order, rule, or approval condition. 

 (89) "Total reduced sulfur (TRS)" means the sum of the sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide, 

mercaptans, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and any other organic sulfides emitted and 

measured by EPA method 16 in Appendix A to 40 C.F.R. Part 60 or an EPA approved equivalent 

method and expressed as hydrogen sulfide. 

 (90) "Total suspended particulate" means particulate matter as measured by the method 

described in 40 C.F.R. Part 50 Appendix B. 

 (91) "Toxic air pollutant (TAP)" or "toxic air contaminant" means any toxic air pollutant 

listed in WAC 173-460-150. The term toxic air pollutant may include particulate matter and 

volatile organic compounds if an individual substance or a group of substances within either of 

these classes is listed in WAC 173-460-150. The term toxic air pollutant does not include 

particulate matter and volatile organic compounds as generic classes of compounds. 

 (92) "Unclassifiable area" means an area that cannot be designated attainment or 

nonattainment on the basis of available information as meeting or not meeting the National 

Ambient Air Quality Standard for the criteria pollutant and that is listed by EPA at 40 C.F.R. 

Part 81. 

 (93) "United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)" shall be referred to as EPA. 

 (94) "Visibility impairment" means any humanly perceptible change in visibility (light 

extinction, visual range, contrast, or coloration) from that which would have existed under 

natural conditions. 

 (95) "Volatile organic compound (VOC)" means any carbon compound that participates in 

atmospheric photochemical reactions. 

 (a) Exceptions. The following compounds are not a VOC: Acetone; carbon monoxide; carbon 

dioxide; carbonic acid; metallic carbides or carbonates; ammonium carbonate; methane; ethane; 

methylene chloride (dichloromethane); 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform); 1,1,2-

trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113); trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11); 

dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12); chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22); trifluoromethane (HFC-
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 14 

23); 1,2-dichloro 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114); chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115); 

1,1,1-trifluoro 2,2-dichloroethane (HCFC-123); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); 1,1-

dichloro 1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b); 1-chloro 1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); 2-chloro 

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124); pentafluoroethane (HFC-125); 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(HFC-134); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); 

parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF); cyclic, branched, or linear completely methylated 

siloxanes; perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene); 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane 

(HCFC-225ca); 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225cb); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-

decafluoropentane (HFC 43-10mee); difluoromethane (HFC-32); ethylfluoride (HFC-161); 

1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca); 

1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea); 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb); 

1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa); 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); 

1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31); 1 chloro-1-

fluoroethane (HCFC-151a); 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a); 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-

nonafluoro-4-methoxy-butane (C4F9OCH3); 2-(difluoromethoxymethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-

heptafluoropropane ((CF3)2CFCF2OCH3); 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane 

(C4F9OC2H5); 2-(ethoxydifluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane 

((CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5); methyl acetate, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxy-propane (nC3F7OCH3 or HFE-7000); 3-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl) 

hexane (HFE-7500) 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC 227ea); methyl formate 

(HCOOCH3); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-pentane (HFE-7300); 

dimethyl carbonate; propylene carbonate; and perfluorocarbon compounds that fall into these 

classes: 

 (i) Cyclic, branched, or linear completely fluorinated alkanes; 

 (ii) Cyclic, branched, or linear completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations; 

 (iii) Cyclic, branched, or linear completely fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations; 

and 

 (iv) Sulfur containing perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with sulfur bonds only to 

carbon and fluorine. 

 (b) For the purpose of determining compliance with emission limits, VOC will be measured 

by the appropriate methods in 40 C.F.R. Part 60 Appendix A. Where the method also measures 

compounds with negligible photochemical reactivity, these negligibly reactive compounds may 

be excluded as VOC if the amount of the compounds is accurately quantified, and the exclusion 

is approved by ecology, the authority, or EPA. 

 (c) As a precondition to excluding these negligibly reactive compounds as VOC or at any 

time thereafter, ecology or the authority may require an owner or operator to provide monitoring 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 15 

or testing methods and results demonstrating, to the satisfaction of ecology, the authority, or 

EPA the amount of negligibly reactive compounds in the source's emissions. 

 (d) The following compounds are VOC for purposes of all recordkeeping, emissions 

reporting, photochemical dispersion modeling and inventory requirements which apply to VOC 

and shall be uniquely identified in emission reports, but are not VOC for purposes of VOC 

emissions limitations or VOC content requirements: Tertiary-butyl acetate. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-036 Relocation of Portable Sources. 

 (1) Applicability. 

 (a) Portable sources that meet the requirements of this section may without obtaining a sitespecific or permitting authority-specific order of approval relocate and operate in any jurisdiction 

in which the permitting authority has adopted this section by reference. The owner or operator of 

a portable source may file a new notice of construction application in compliance with WAC 

173-400-110 each time the portable source relocates in lieu of participating in the interjurisdictional provisions in this section. 

 (b) Permitting authority participation in the inter-jurisdictional provisions of this section is 

optional. This section applies only in those jurisdictions where the permitting authority has 

adopted it. Nothing in this section affects a permitting authority's ability to enter into an 

agreement with another permitting authority to allow inter-jurisdictional relocation of a portable 

source under conditions other than those listed here except that subsection (2) of this section 

applies statewide. 

 (c) This section applies to sources that move from the jurisdiction of one permitting authority 

to the jurisdiction of another permitting authority, inter-jurisdictional relocation. This section 

does not apply to intra-jurisdictional relocation. 

 (d) Engines subject to WAC 173-400-035 Nonroad engines are not portable sources subject to 

this section. 

 (2) Portable sources in nonattainment areas. If a portable source is locating in a nonattainment 

area and if the source emits the pollutants or pollutant precursors for which the area is classified 

as nonattainment, then the source must acquire a site-specific order of approval. 

 (3) Major stationary sources. If a portable source is a major stationary source then it must also

comply with WAC 173-400-700 through 173-400-750 as applicable. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 16 

 (4) Relocation requirements. Portable sources are allowed to operate at a new location 

without obtaining an order of approval from the permitting authority with jurisdiction over the 

new location provided that: 

 (a) A permitting authority in Washington state issued a notice of construction order of 

approval for the portable source after July 1, 2010, identifying the emission units as a "portable 

source"; 

 (b) The owner/operator of the portable source submits a relocation notice on a form provided 

by the permitting authority and a copy of the applicable portable source order of approval to the 

permitting authority with jurisdiction over the intended operation location a minimum of fifteen 

calendar days before the portable source begins operation at the new location; 

 (c) The owner/operator submits the emission inventory required under WAC 173-400-105 to 

each permitting authority in whose jurisdiction the portable source operated during the preceding 

year. The data must be sufficient in detail to enable each permitting authority to calculate the 

emissions within its jurisdiction and the yearly aggregate. 

 (d) Operation at any location under this provision is limited to one year or less. Operations 

lasting more than one year must obtain a site specific order of approval. 

 (5) Enforcement of the order of approval. The permitting authority with jurisdiction over the 

location where a portable source is operating has authority to enforce the conditions of the order 

of approval that authorizes the portable source operation, regardless of which permitting 

authority issued the order of approval. All persons who receive an order of approval must 

comply with all approval conditions contained in the order of approval. 

 (6) Change of conditions to orders of approval. To change the conditions in an order of 

approval, the owner/operator must obtain a new order of approval from the permitting authority 

with jurisdiction over the portable source. 

 (7) Portable source modification. Prior to beginning actual construction or installation of a 

modification of a portable source, the owner/operator must obtain a new order of approval from 

the permitting authority with jurisdiction over the portable source. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-040 General Standards for Maximum Emissions. 

 (1) All sources and emissions units are required to meet the emission standards of this chapter. 

Where an emission standard listed in another chapter is applicable to a specific emissions unit, 

such standard takes precedence over a general emission standard listed in this chapter. When two 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 17 

or more emissions units are connected to a common stack and the operator elects not to provide 

the means or facilities to sample emissions from the individual emissions units, and the relative 

contributions of the individual emissions units to the common discharge are not readily 

distinguishable, then the emissions of the common stack must meet the most restrictive standard 

of any of the connected emissions units. 

 All emissions units are required to use reasonably available control technology (RACT) 

which may be determined for some sources or source categories to be more stringent than the 

applicable emission limitations of any chapter of Title 173 WAC. Where current controls are 

determined to be less than RACT, the permitting authority shall, as provided in RCW 70.94.154, 

define RACT for each source or source category and issue a rule or regulatory order requiring 

the installation of RACT. 

 (2) Visible emissions. No person shall cause or allow the emission for more than three 

minutes, in any one hour, of an air contaminant from any emissions unit which at the emission 

point, or within a reasonable distance of the emission point, exceeds twenty percent opacity 

except: 

 (a) When the emissions occur due to soot blowing/grate cleaning and the operator can 

demonstrate that the emissions will not exceed twenty percent opacity for more than fifteen 

minutes in any eight consecutive hours. The intent of this provision is to allow the soot blowing 

and grate cleaning necessary to the operation of boiler facilities. This practice, except for testing 

and trouble shooting, is to be scheduled for the same approximate times each day and the 

permitting authority must be advised of the schedule. 

 (b) When the owner or operator of a source supplies valid data to show that the presence of 

uncombined water is the only reason for the opacity to exceed twenty percent. 

 (c) When two or more emission units are connected to a common stack, the permitting 

authority may allow or require the use of an alternate time period if it is more representative of 

normal operations. 

 (d) When an alternate opacity limit has been established per RCW 70.94.331 (2)(c). 

 (e) Exemptions from twenty percent opacity standard. 

 (i) Visible emissions reader certification testing. Visible emissions from the "smoke 

generator" used for testing and certification of visible emissions readers per the requirements of 

40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9 and ecology methods 9A and 9B shall be 

exempt from compliance with the twenty percent opacity limitation while being used for 

certifying visible emission readers. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 18 

 (ii) Military training exercises. Visible emissions resulting from military obscurant training 

exercises are exempt from compliance with the twenty percent opacity limitation provided the 

following criteria are met: 

 (A) No visible emissions shall cross the boundary of the military training site/reservation. 

 (B) The operation shall have in place methods, which have been reviewed and approved by 

the permitting authority, to detect changes in weather that would cause the obscurant to cross the 

site boundary either during the course of the exercise or prior to the start of the exercise. The 

approved methods shall include provisions that result in cancellation of the training exercise, 

cease the use of obscurants during the exercise until weather conditions would allow such 

training to occur without causing obscurant to leave the site boundary of the military 

site/reservation. 

 (iii) Firefighter training. Visible emissions from fixed and mobile firefighter training facilities 

while being used to train firefighters and while complying with the requirements of chapter 173-

425 WAC. 

 (3) Fallout. No person shall cause or allow the emission of particulate matter from any source 

to be deposited beyond the property under direct control of the owner or operator of the source in 

sufficient quantity to interfere unreasonably with the use and enjoyment of the property upon 

which the material is deposited. 

 (4) Fugitive emissions. The owner or operator of any emissions unit engaging in materials 

handling, construction, demolition or other operation which is a source of fugitive emission: 

 (a) If located in an attainment area and not impacting any nonattainment area, shall take 

reasonable precautions to prevent the release of air contaminants from the operation. 

 (b) If the emissions unit has been identified as a significant contributor to the nonattainment 

status of a designated nonattainment area, the owner or operator shall be required to use 

reasonable and available control methods, which shall include any necessary changes in 

technology, process, or other control strategies to control emissions of the air contaminants for 

which nonattainment has been designated. 

 (5) Odors. Any person who shall cause or allow the generation of any odor from any source 

or activity which may unreasonably interfere with any other property owner's use and enjoyment 

of his property must use recognized good practice and procedures to reduce these odors to a 

reasonable minimum. 

 (6) Emissions detrimental to persons or property. No person shall cause or allow the emission 

of any air contaminant from any source if it is detrimental to the health, safety, or welfare of any 

person, or causes damage to property or business. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 19 

 (7) Sulfur dioxide. 

 No person shall cause or allow the emission of a gas containing sulfur dioxide from any 

emissions unit in excess of one thousand ppm of sulfur dioxide on a dry basis, corrected to seven 

percent oxygen for combustion sources, and based on the average of any period of sixty 

consecutive minutes 

When the owner or operator of an emissions unit supplies emission data and can demonstrate to 

the permitting authority that there is no feasible method of reducing the concentration to less 

than one thousand ppm (on a dry basis, corrected to seven percent oxygen for combustion 

sources) and that the state and federal ambient air quality standards for sulfur dioxide will not be 

exceeded. In such cases, the permitting authority may require specific ambient air monitoring 

stations be established, operated, and maintained by the owner or operator at mutually approved 

locations. All sampling results will be made available upon request and a monthly summary will 

be submitted to the permitting authority. 

 (8) Concealment and masking. No person shall cause or allow the installation or use of any 

means which conceals or masks an emission of an air contaminant which would otherwise 

violate any provisions of this chapter. 

 (9) Fugitive dust. 

 (a) The owner or operator of a source for activity that generates fugitive dust must take 

reasonable precautions to prevent that fugitive dust from becoming airborne and must maintain 

and operate the source to minimize emissions. 

 (b) The owner or operator of any existing source or activity that generates fugitive dust that 

has been identified as a significant contributor to a PM-10 or PM-2.5 nonattainment area is 

required to use reasonably available control technology to control emissions. Significance will be 

determined by the criteria found in WAC 173-400-113(4). 

State effective: 4/1/11; EPA effective: 11/3/14 

173-400-050 Emission Standards for Combustion and Incineration Units. 

(1) Combustion and incineration emissions units must meet all requirements of WAC 173-400-

040 and, in addition, no person shall cause or allow emissions of particulate matter in excess of 

0.23 gram per dry cubic meter at standard conditions (0.1 grain/dscf), except, for an emissions 

unit combusting wood derived fuels for the production of steam. No person shall allow the 

emission of particulate matter in excess of 0.46 gram per dry cubic meter at standard conditions 

(0.2 grain/dscf), as measured by EPA method 5 in Appendix A to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, (in effect on 

July 1, 2012) or approved procedures contained in "Source Test Manual - Procedures For 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 20 

Compliance Testing," state of Washington, department of ecology, as of September 20, 2004, on 

file at ecology. 

 (2) For any incinerator, no person shall cause or allow emissions in excess of one hundred 

ppm of total carbonyls as measured by Source Test Method 14 procedures contained in "Source 

Test Manual - Procedures for Compliance Testing," state of Washington, department of ecology, 

as of September 20, 2004, on file at ecology. An applicable EPA reference method or other 

procedures to collect and analyze for the same compounds collected in the ecology method may 

be used if approved by the permitting authority prior to its use. 

 (a) Incinerators not subject to the requirements of chapter 173-434 WAC or WAC 173-400-

050 (4) or (5), or requirements adopted by reference in WAC 173-400-075 (40 C.F.R. 63 subpart 

EEE) and WAC 173-400-115 (40 C.F.R. 60 subparts E, Ea, Eb, Ec, AAAA, and CCCC) shall be 

operated only during daylight hours unless written permission to operate at other times is 

received from the permitting authority. 

 (b) Total carbonyls means the concentration of organic compounds containing the =C=O 

radical as collected by the Ecology Source Test Method 14 contained in "Source Test Manual - 

Procedures For Compliance Testing," state of Washington, department of ecology, as of 

September 20, 2004, on file at ecology. 

 (3) Measured concentrations for combustion and incineration units shall be adjusted for 

volumes corrected to seven percent oxygen, except when the permitting authority determines that 

an alternate oxygen correction factor is more representative of normal operations such as the 

correction factor included in an applicable NSPS or NESHAP, actual operating characteristics, or 

the manufacturer's specifications for the emission unit. 

(4) Commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units constructed on or before November 

30, 1999. 

(a) Definitions. 

(i) "Commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) unit" means any combustion 

device that combusts commercial and industrial waste, as defined in this subsection. The 

boundaries of a CISWI unit are defined as, but not limited to, the commercial or industrial solid 

waste fuel feed system, grate system, flue gas system, and bottom ash. The CISWI unit does not 

include air pollution control equipment or the stack. The CISWI unit boundary starts at the 

commercial and industrial solid waste hopper (if applicable) and extends through two areas: 

(A) The combustion unit flue gas system, which ends immediately after the last combustion 

chamber. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 21 

(B) The combustion unit bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar 

equipment that transfers the ash to final disposal. It includes all ash handling systems connected 

to the bottom ash handling system. 

(ii) "Commercial and industrial solid waste" means solid waste combusted in an enclosed device 

using controlled flame combustion without energy recovery that is a distinct operating unit of 

any commercial or industrial facility (including field erected, modular, and custom built 

incineration units operating with starved or excess air), or solid waste combusted in an air curtain 

incinerator without energy recovery that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or 

industrial facility. 

(b) Applicability. This section applies to incineration units that meet all three criteria: 

(i) The incineration unit meets the definition of CISWI unit in this subsection. 

(ii) The incineration unit commenced construction on or before November 30, 1999. 

(iii) The incineration unit is not exempt under (c) of this subsection. 

(c) The following types of incineration units are exempt from this subsection: 

(i) Pathological waste incineration units. Incineration units burning 90 percent or more by weight 

(on a calendar quarter basis and excluding the weight of auxiliary fuel and combustion air) of 

pathological waste, low-level radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste as defined in 40 

C.F.R. 60.2265 (in effect on July 1, 2010) are not subject to this section if you meet the two 

requirements specified in (c)(i)(A) and (B) of this subsection. 

(A) Notify the permitting authority that the unit meets these criteria. 

(B) Keep records on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of pathological waste, low-level 

radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste burned, and the weight of all other fuels and 

wastes burned in the unit. 

(ii) Agricultural waste incineration units. Incineration units burning 90 percent or more by 

weight (on a calendar quarter basis and excluding the weight of auxiliary fuel and combustion 

air) of agricultural wastes as defined in 40 C.F.R. 60.2265 (in effect on January 30, 2001) are not 

subject to this subpart if you meet the two requirements specified in (c)(ii)(A) and (B) of this 

subsection. 

(A) Notify the permitting authority that the unit meets these criteria. 

(B) Keep records on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of agricultural waste burned, and the 

weight of all other fuels and wastes burned in the unit. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 22 

(iii) Municipal waste combustion units. Incineration units that meet either of the two criteria 

specified in (c)(iii)(A) and (B) of this subsection. 

(A) Units are regulated under 40 C.F.R. Part 60, subpart Ea or subpart Eb (in effect on July 1, 

2010); Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority Regulation 1, Section 6.17 (in effect on 

February 13, 1999); 40 C.F.R. Part 60, subpart AAAA (in effect on July 1, 2010); or WAC 173-

400-050(5). 

(B) Units burn greater than 30 percent municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel, as defined in 

40 C.F.R. Part 60, subparts Ea (in effect on July 1, 2010), Eb (in effect on July 1, 2010), and 

AAAA (in effect on July 1, 2010), and WAC 173-400-050(5), and that have the capacity to burn 

less than 35 tons (32 megagrams) per day of municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel, if you 

meet the two requirements in (c)(iii)(B)(I) and (II) of this subsection. 

(I) Notify the permitting authority that the unit meets these criteria. 

(II) Keep records on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of municipal solid waste burned, and 

the weight of all other fuels and wastes burned in the unit. 

(iv) Medical waste incineration units. Incineration units regulated under 40 C.F.R. Part 60, 

subpart Ec (Standards of Performance for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators for 

Which Construction is Commenced After June 20, 1996) (in effect on July 1, 2010); 

(v) Small power production facilities. Units that meet the three requirements specified in 

(c)(v)(A) through (C) of this subsection. 

(A) The unit qualifies as a small power-production facility under section 3 (17)(C) of the Federal 

Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796 (17)(C)). 

(B) The unit burns homogeneous waste (not including refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity. 

(C) You notify the permitting authority that the unit meets all of these criteria. 

(vi) Cogeneration facilities. Units that meet the three requirements specified in (c)(vi)(A) 

through (C) of this subsection. 

(A) The unit qualifies as a cogeneration facility under section 3 (18)(B) of the Federal Power Act 

(16 U.S.C. 796 (18)(B)). 

(B) The unit burns homogeneous waste (not including refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity 

and steam or other forms of energy used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes. 

(C) You notify the permitting authority that the unit meets all of these criteria. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 23 

(vii) Hazardous waste combustion units. Units that meet either of the two criteria specified in 

(c)(vii)(A) or (B) of this subsection. 

(A) Units for which you are required to get a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste 

Disposal Act. 

(B) Units regulated under subpart EEE of 40 C.F.R. Part 63 (National Emission Standards for 

Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors) (in effect on July 1, 2010). 

(viii) Materials recovery units. Units that combust waste for the primary purpose of recovering 

metals, such as primary and secondary smelters; 

(ix) Air curtain incinerators. Air curtain incinerators that burn only the materials listed in 

(c)(ix)(A) through (C) of this subsection are only required to meet the requirements under "Air 

Curtain Incinerators" in 40 C.F.R. 60.2245 through 60.2260 (in effect on July 1, 2010). 

(A) 100 percent wood waste. 

(B) 100 percent clean lumber. 

(C) 100 percent mixture of only wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste. 

(x) Cyclonic barrel burners. See 40 C.F.R. 60.2265 (in effect on July 1, 2010). 

(xi) Rack, part, and drum reclamation units. See 40 C.F.R. 60.2265 (in effect on July 1, 2010). 

(xii) Cement kilns. Kilns regulated under subpart LLL of 40 C.F.R. Part 63 (National Emission 

Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry) (in 

effect on July 1, 2010). 

(xiii) Sewage sludge incinerators. Incineration units regulated under 40 C.F.R. Part 60, 

(Standards of Performance for Sewage Treatment Plants) (in effect on July 1, 2010). 

(xiv) Chemical recovery units. Combustion units burning materials to recover chemical 

constituents or to produce chemical compounds where there is an existing commercial market for 

such recovered chemical constituents or compounds. The seven types of units described in 

(c)(xiv)(A) through (G) of this subsection are considered chemical recovery units. 

(A) Units burning only pulping liquors (i.e., black liquor) that are reclaimed in a pulping liquor 

recovery process and reused in the pulping process.

(B) Units burning only spent sulfuric acid used to produce virgin sulfuric acid. 

(C) Units burning only wood or coal feedstock for the production of charcoal. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 24 

(D) Units burning only manufacturing by-product streams/residues containing catalyst metals 

which are reclaimed and reused as catalysts or used to produce commercial grade catalysts. 

(E) Units burning only coke to produce purified carbon monoxide that is used as an intermediate 

in the production of other chemical compounds. 

(F) Units burning only hydrocarbon liquids or solids to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, 

synthesis gas, or other gases for use in other manufacturing processes. 

(G) Units burning only photographic film to recover silver. 

(xv) Laboratory analysis units. Units that burn samples of materials for the purpose of chemical 

or physical analysis. 

(d) Exceptions. 

(i) Physical or operational changes to a CISWI unit made primarily to comply with this section 

do not qualify as a "modification" or "reconstruction" (as defined in 40 C.F.R. 60.2815, in effect 

on July 1, 2010). 

(ii) Changes to a CISWI unit made on or after June 1, 2001, that meet the definition of 

"modification" or "reconstruction" as defined in 40 C.F.R. 60.2815 (in effect on July 1, 2010) 

mean the CISWI unit is considered a new unit and subject to WAC 173-400-115, which adopts 

40 C.F.R. Part 60, subpart CCCC by reference. 

(e) A CISWI unit must comply with 40 C.F.R. 60.2575 through 60.2875, in effect on July 1, 

2010, which is adopted by reference. The federal rule contains these major components: 

Increments of progress towards compliance in 60.2575 through 60.2630; 

Waste management plan requirements in 60.2620 through 60.2630; 

Operator training and qualification requirements in 60.2635 through 60.2665; 

Emission limitations and operating limits in 60.2670 through 60.2685; 

Performance testing requirements in 60.2690 through 60.2725; 

Initial compliance requirements in 60.2700 through 60.2725; 

Continuous compliance requirements in 60.2710 through 60.2725; 

Monitoring requirements in 60.2730 through 60.2735;

Recordkeeping and reporting requirements in 60.2740 through 60.2800; 

Title V operating permits requirements in 60.2805; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 25 

Air curtain incinerator requirements in 60.2810 through 60.2870; 

Definitions in 60.2875; and 

Tables in 60.2875. In Table 1, the final control plan must be submitted before June 1, 2004, and 

final compliance must be achieved by June 1, 2005. 

(i) Exception to adopting the federal rule. For purposes of this section, "administrator" includes 

the permitting authority. 

(ii) Exception to adopting the federal rule. For purposes of this section, "you" means the owner 

or operator. 

(iii) Exception to adopting the federal rule. For purposes of this section, each reference to "the 

effective date of state plan approval" means July 1, 2002. 

(iv) Exception to adopting the federal rule. The Title V operating permit requirements in 40 

C.F.R. 60.2805(a) are not adopted by reference. Each CISWI unit, regardless of whether it is a 

major or nonmajor unit, is subject to the air operating permit regulation, chapter 173-401 WAC, 

beginning on July 1, 2002. See WAC 173-401-500 for the permit application requirements and 

deadlines. 

(v) Exception to adopting the federal rule. The following compliance dates apply: 

(A) The final control plan (Increment 1) must be submitted no later than July 1, 2003. (See 

Increment 1 in Table 1.) 

(B) Final compliance (Increment 2) must be achieved no later than July 1, 2005. (See Increment 

2 in Table 1.) 

(5) Small municipal waste combustion units constructed on or before August 30, 1999. 

(a) Definition. "Municipal waste combustion unit" means any setting or equipment that 

combusts, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste including, but not limited to, field-erected 

combustion units (with or without heat recovery), modular combustion units (starved air- or 

excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, 

grate-fired, mass-fired, air-curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion 

units. Two criteria further define municipal waste combustion units: 

(i) Municipal waste combustion units do not include the following units: 

(A) Pyrolysis or combustion units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit as specified under 

the exemptions in this subsection (5)(c)(viii) and (ix). 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 26 

(B) Cement kilns that combust municipal solid waste as specified under the exemptions in this 

subsection (5)(c)(x). 

(C) Internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill 

gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

(ii) The boundaries of a municipal waste combustion unit are defined as follows. The municipal 

waste combustion unit includes, but is not limited to, the municipal solid waste fuel feed system, 

grate system, flue gas system, bottom ash system, and the combustion unit water system. The 

municipal waste combustion unit does not include air pollution control equipment, the stack, 

water treatment equipment, or the turbine-generator set. The municipal waste combustion unit 

boundary starts at the municipal solid waste pit or hopper and extends through three areas: 

(A) The combustion unit flue gas system, which ends immediately after the heat recovery 

equipment or, if there is no heat recovery equipment, immediately after the combustion chamber. 

(B) The combustion unit bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar 

equipment that transfers the ash to final disposal. It includes all ash handling systems connected 

to the bottom ash handling system. 

(C) The combustion unit water system, which starts at the feed water pump and ends at the 

piping that exits the steam drum or superheater. 

(b) Applicability. This section applies to a municipal waste combustion unit that meets these 

three criteria: 

(i) The municipal waste combustion unit has the capacity to combust at least 35 tons per day of 

municipal solid waste but no more than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste or refusederived fuel. 

(ii) The municipal waste combustion unit commenced construction on or before August 30, 

1999. 

(iii) The municipal waste combustion unit is not exempt under (c) of this section. 

(c) Exempted units. The following municipal waste combustion units are exempt from the 

requirements of this section: 

(i) Small municipal waste combustion units that combust less than 11 tons per day. Units are 

exempt from this section if four requirements are met: 

(A) The municipal waste combustion unit is subject to a federally enforceable order or order of 

approval limiting the amount of municipal solid waste combusted to less than 11 tons per day. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 27 

(B) The owner or operator notifies the permitting authority that the unit qualifies for the 

exemption. 

(C) The owner or operator of the unit sends a copy of the federally enforceable order or order of 

approval to the permitting authority. 

(D) The owner or operator of the unit keeps daily records of the amount of municipal solid waste 

combusted. 

(ii) Small power production units. Units are exempt from this section if four requirements are 

met: 

(A) The unit qualifies as a small power production facility under section 3 (17)(C) of the Federal 

Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796 (17)(C)). 

(B) The unit combusts homogeneous waste (excluding refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity. 

(C) The owner or operator notifies the permitting authority that the unit qualifies for the 

exemption. 

(D) The owner or operator submits documentation to the permitting authority that the unit 

qualifies for the exemption. 

(iii) Cogeneration units. Units are exempt from this section if four requirements are met: 

(A) The unit qualifies as a small power production facility under section 3 (18)(C) of the Federal 

Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796 (18)(C)). 

(B) The unit combusts homogeneous waste (excluding refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity 

and steam or other forms of energy used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes. 

(C) The owner or operator notifies the permitting authority that the unit qualifies for the 

exemption. 

(D) The owner or operator submits documentation to the permitting authority that the unit 

qualifies for the exemption. 

(iv) Municipal waste combustion units that combust only tires. Units are exempt from this 

section if three requirements are met: 

(A) The municipal waste combustion unit combusts a single-item waste stream of tires and no 

other municipal waste (the unit can cofire coal, fuel oil, natural gas, or other nonmunicipal solid 

waste). 

(B) The owner or operator notifies the permitting authority that the unit qualifies for the 

exemption. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 28 

(C) The owner or operator submits documentation to the permitting authority that the unit 

qualifies for the exemption. 

(v) Hazardous waste combustion units. Units are exempt from this section if the units have 

received a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act. 

(vi) Materials recovery units. Units are exempt from this section if the units combust waste 

mainly to recover metals. Primary and secondary smelters may qualify for the exemption. 

(vii) Cofired units. Units are exempt from this section if four requirements are met: 

(A) The unit has a federally enforceable order or order of approval limiting municipal solid 

waste combustion to no more than 30 percent of total fuel input by weight. 

(B) The owner or operator notifies the permitting authority that the unit qualifies for the 

exemption. 

(C) The owner or operator submits a copy of the federally enforceable order or order of approval 

to the permitting authority. 

(D) The owner or operator records the weights, each quarter, of municipal solid waste and of all 

other fuels combusted. 

(viii) Plastics/rubber recycling units. Units are exempt from this section if four requirements are 

met: 

(A) The pyrolysis/combustion unit is an integrated part of a plastics/rubber recycling unit as 

defined in 40 C.F.R. 60.1940 (in effect on July 1, 2012). 

(B) The owner or operator of the unit records the weight, each quarter, of plastics, rubber, and 

rubber tires processed. 

(C) The owner or operator of the unit records the weight, each quarter, of feed stocks produced 

and marketed from chemical plants and petroleum refineries. 

(D) The owner or operator of the unit keeps the name and address of the purchaser of the feed 

stocks. 

(ix) Units that combust fuels made from products of plastics/rubber recycling plants. Units are 

exempt from this section if two requirements are met: 

(A) The unit combusts gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, fuel oils, residual oil, refinery gas, 

petroleum coke, liquified petroleum gas, propane, or butane produced by chemical plants or 

petroleum refineries that use feed stocks produced by plastics/rubber recycling units. 

(B) The unit does not combust any other municipal solid waste. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 29 

(x) Cement kilns. Cement kilns that combust municipal solid waste are exempt. 

(xi) Air curtain incinerators. If an air curtain incinerator as defined under 40 C.F.R. 60.1910 (in 

effect on July 1, 2012) combusts 100 percent yard waste, then those units must only meet the 

requirements under 40 C.F.R. 60.1910 through 60.1930 (in effect on July 1, 2012). 

(d) Exceptions. 

(i) Physical or operational changes to an existing municipal waste combustion unit made 

primarily to comply with this section do not qualify as a modification or reconstruction, as those 

terms are defined in 40 C.F.R. 60.1940 (in effect on July 1, 2012). 

(ii) Changes to an existing municipal waste combustion unit made on or after June 6, 2001, that 

meet the definition of modification or reconstruction, as those terms are defined in 40 C.F.R. 

60.1940 (in effect on July 1, 2012), mean the unit is considered a new unit and subject to WAC 

173-400-115, which adopts 40 C.F.R. Part 60, subpart AAAA (in effect on July 1, 2012). 

(e) Municipal waste combustion units are divided into two subcategories based on the aggregate 

capacity of the municipal waste combustion plant as follows: 

(i) Class I units. Class I units are small municipal waste combustion units that are located at 

municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity greater than 250 

tons per day of municipal solid waste. See the definition of "municipal waste combustion plant 

capacity" in 40 C.F.R. 60.1940 (in effect on July 1, 2012) for the specification of which units are 

included in the aggregate capacity calculation. 

(ii) Class II units. Class II units are small municipal waste combustion units that are located at 

municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity less than or 

equal to 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste. See the definition of "municipal waste 

combustion plant capacity" in 40 C.F.R. 60.1940 (in effect on July 1, 2012) for the specification 

of which units are included in the aggregate capacity calculation. 

(f) Compliance option 1. 

(i) A municipal solid waste combustion unit may choose to reduce, by the final compliance date 

of June 1, 2005, the maximum combustion capacity of the unit to less than 35 tons per day of 

municipal solid waste. The owner or operator must submit a final control plan and the 

notifications of achievement of increments of progress as specified in 40 C.F.R. 60.1610 (in 

effect on July 1, 2012). 

(ii) The final control plan must, at a minimum, include two items: 

(A) A description of the physical changes that will be made to accomplish the reduction. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 30 

(B) Calculations of the current maximum combustion capacity and the planned maximum 

combustion capacity after the reduction. Use the equations specified in 40 C.F.R. 60.1935 (d) 

and (e) (in effect on July 1, 2012) to calculate the combustion capacity of a municipal waste 

combustion unit. 

(iii) An order or order of approval containing a restriction or a change in the method of operation 

does not qualify as a reduction in capacity. Use the equations specified in 40 C.F.R. 60.1935 (d) 

and (e) (in effect on July 1, 2012) to calculate the combustion capacity of a municipal waste 

combustion unit. 

(g) Compliance option 2. The municipal waste combustion unit must comply with 40 C.F.R. 

60.1585 through 60.1905, and 60.1935 (in effect on July 1, 2012), which is adopted by reference. 

(i) The rule contains these major components: 

(A) Increments of progress towards compliance in 60.1585 through 60.1640; 

(B) Good combustion practices - Operator training in 60.1645 through 60.1670; 

(C) Good combustion practices - Operator certification in 60.1675 through 60.1685; 

(D) Good combustion practices - Operating requirements in 60.1690 through 60.1695; 

(E) Emission limits in 60.1700 through 60.1710; 

(F) Continuous emission monitoring in 60.1715 through 60.1770; 

(G) Stack testing in 60.1775 through 60.1800; 

(H) Other monitoring requirements in 60.1805 through 60.1825; 

(I) Recordkeeping reporting in 60.1830 through 60.1855; 

(J) Reporting in 60.1860 through 60.1905; 

(K) Equations in 60.1935; 

(L) Tables 2 through 8. 

(ii) Exception to adopting the federal rule. For purposes of this section, each reference to the 

following is amended in the following manner: 

(A) "State plan" in the federal rule means WAC 173-400-050(5). 

(B) "You" in the federal rule means the owner or operator. 

(C) "Administrator" includes the permitting authority. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 31 

(D) "The effective date of the state plan approval" in the federal rule means December 6, 2002. 

(h) Compliance schedule. 

(i) Small municipal waste combustion units must achieve final compliance or cease operation not 

later than December 1, 2005. 

(ii) Small municipal waste combustion units must achieve compliance by May 6, 2005 for all 

Class II units, and by November 6, 2005 for all Class I units. 

(iii) Class I units must comply with these additional requirements: 

(A) The owner or operator must submit the dioxins/furans stack test results for at least one test 

conducted during or after 1990. The stack test must have been conducted according to the 

procedures specified under 40 C.F.R. 60.1790 (in effect on July 1, 2012). 

(B) Class I units that commenced construction after June 26, 1987, must comply with the 

dioxins/furans and mercury limits specified in Tables 2 and 3 in 40 C.F.R. Part 60, subpart 

BBBB (in effect on February 5, 2001) by the later of two dates: 

(I) December 6, 2003; or 

(II) One year following the issuance of an order of approval (revised construction approval or 

operation permit) if an order or order of approval or operation modification is required. 

(i) Air operating permit. Applicability to chapter 173-401 WAC, the air operating permit 

regulation, begins on July 1, 2002. See WAC 173-401-500 for the permit application 

requirements and deadlines. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14 

173-400-060 Emission Standards for General Process Units. 

 General process units are required to meet all applicable provisions of WAC 173-400-040 and, 

no person shall cause or allow the emission of particulate material from any general process 

operation in excess of 0.23 grams per dry cubic meter at standard conditions (0.1 grain/dscf) of 

exhaust gas. EPA test methods (in effect on February 20, 2001) from 40 C.F.R. Parts 51, 60, 61, 

and 63 and any other approved test procedures which are contained in ecology's "Source Test 

Manual - Procedures For Compliance Testing" as of July 12, 1990, will be used to determine 

compliance. 

State effective: 2/10/05; EPA effective: 11/3/14 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 32 

173-400-070 Emission Standards for Certain Source Categories. 

Ecology finds that the reasonable regulation of sources within certain categories requires 

separate standards applicable to such categories. The standards set forth in this section shall be 

the maximum allowable standards for emissions units within the categories listed. Except as 

specifically provided in this section, such emissions units shall not be required to meet the 

provisions of WAC 173-400-040, 173-400-050 and 173-400-060. 

 (1) Wigwam and silo burners. 

 (a) All wigwam and silo burners designed to dispose of wood waste must meet all provisions 

of WAC 173-400-040 (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), and WAC 173-400-050(4) or 173-400-115 (40 

C.F.R. 60 subpart DDDD) as applicable. 

 (b) All wigwam and silo burners must use RACT. All emissions units shall be operated and 

maintained to minimize emissions. These requirements may include a controlled tangential vent 

overfire air system, an adequate underfire system, elimination of all unnecessary openings, a 

controlled feed and other modifications determined necessary by ecology or the permitting 

authority. 

 (c) It shall be unlawful to install or increase the existing use of any burner that does not meet

all requirements for new sources including those requirements specified in WAC 173-400-040 

and 173-400-050, except operating hours. 

 (d) The permit authority may establish additional requirements for wigwam and silo burners. 

These requirements may include but shall not be limited to: 

 (i) A requirement to meet all provisions of WAC 173-400-040 and 173-400-050. Wigwam 

and silo burners will be considered to be in compliance if they meet the requirements contained 

in WAC 173-400-040(2), visible emissions. An exception is made for a startup period not to 

exceed thirty minutes in any eight consecutive hours. 

 (ii) A requirement to apply BACT. 

 (iii) A requirement to reduce or eliminate emissions if ecology establishes that such emissions 

unreasonably interfere with the use and enjoyment of the property of others or are a cause of 

violation of ambient air standards. 

 (2) Hog fuel boilers. 

 (a) Hog fuel boilers shall meet all provisions of WAC 173-400-040 and 173-400-050(1), 

except that emissions may exceed twenty percent opacity for up to fifteen consecutive minutes 

once in any eight hours. The intent of this provision is to allow soot blowing and grate cleaning 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 33 

necessary to the operation of these units. This practice is to be scheduled for the same specific 

times each day and the permitting authority shall be notified of the schedule or any changes. 

 (b) All hog fuel boilers shall utilize RACT and shall be operated and maintained to minimize 

emissions. 

 (3) Orchard heating. 

 (a) Burning of rubber materials, asphaltic products, crankcase oil or petroleum wastes, plastic, 

or garbage is prohibited. 

 (b) It is unlawful to burn any material or operate any orchard-heating device that causes a 

visible emission exceeding twenty percent opacity, except during the first thirty minutes after 

such device or material is ignited. 

 (4) Grain elevators. 

 Any grain elevator which is primarily classified as a materials handling operation shall meet 

all the provisions of WAC 173-400-040 (2), (3), (4), and (5). 

 (5) Catalytic cracking units. 

 (a) All existing catalytic cracking units shall meet all provisions of WAC 173-400-040 (2), 

(3), (4), (5), (6), and (7) and: 

 (i) No person shall cause or allow the emission for more than three minutes, in any one hour, 

of an air contaminant from any catalytic cracking unit which at the emission point, or within a 

reasonable distance of the emission point, exceeds forty percent opacity. 

 (ii) No person shall cause or allow the emission of particulate material in excess of 0.46 

grams per dry cubic meter at standard conditions (0.20 grains/dscf) of exhaust gas. 

 (b) All new catalytic cracking units shall meet all provisions of WAC 173-400-115. 

 (6) Other wood waste burners. 

 (a) Wood waste burners not specifically provided for in this section shall meet all applicable 

provisions of WAC 173-400-040. In addition, wood waste burners subject to WAC 173-400-

050(4) or 173-400-115 (40 C.F.R. 60 subpart DDDD) must meet all applicable provisions of 

those sections. 

 (b) Such wood waste burners shall utilize RACT and shall be operated and maintained to 

minimize emissions. 

 (7) Sulfuric acid plants. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 34 

 No person shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from a sulfuric acid plant, any 

gases which contain acid mist, expressed as H2SO4, in excess of 0.15 pounds per ton of acid 

produced. Sulfuric acid production shall be expressed as one hundred percent H2SO4. 

(8) Municipal solid waste landfills constructed, reconstructed, or modified before May 30, 1991. 

A municipal solid waste landfill (MSW landfill) is an entire disposal facility in a contiguous 

geographical space where household waste is placed in or on the land. A MSW landfill may also 

receive other types of waste regulated under Subtitle D of the Federal Recourse Conservation 

and Recovery Act including the following: Commercial solid waste, nonhazardous sludge, 

conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste, and industrial solid waste. Portions of an 

MSW landfill may be separated by access roads. A MSW landfill may be either publicly or 

privately owned. A MSW landfill may be a new MSW landfill, an existing MSW landfill, or a 

lateral expansion. All references in this subsection to 40 C.F.R. Part 60 rules mean those rules in 

effect on July 1, 2000. 

(a) Applicability. These rules apply to each MSW landfill constructed, reconstructed, or 

modified before May 30, 1991; and the MSW landfill accepted waste at any time since 

November 8, 1987 or the landfill has additional capacity for future waste deposition. (See WAC 

173-400-115 for the requirements for MSW landfills constructed, reconstructed, or modified on 

or after May 30, 1991.) Terms in this subsection have the meaning given them in 40 C.F.R. 

60.751, except that every use of the word "administrator" in the federal rules referred to in this 

subsection includes the "permitting authority." 

(b) Exceptions. Any physical or operational change to an MSW landfill made solely to comply 

with these rules is not considered a modification or rebuilding. 

(c) Standards for MSW landfill emissions. 

(i) A MSW landfill having a design capacity less than 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 million 

cubic meters must comply with the requirements of 40 C.F.R. 60.752(a) in addition to the 

applicable requirements specified in this section. 

(ii) A MSW landfill having design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 

2.5 million cubic meters must comply with the requirements of 40 C.F.R. 60.752(b) in addition 

to the applicable requirements specified in this section. 

(d) Recordkeeping and reporting. A MSW landfill must follow the recordkeeping and reporting 

requirements in 40 C.F.R. 60.757 (submittal of an initial design capacity report) and 40 C.F.R. 

60.758 (recordkeeping requirements), as applicable, except as provided for under (d)(i) and (ii). 

(i) The initial design capacity report for the facility is due before September 20, 2001. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 35 

(ii) The initial nonmethane organic compound (NMOC) emissions rate report is due before 

September 20, 2001. 

(e) Test methods and procedures. 

(i) A MSW landfill having a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 

2.5 million cubic meters must calculate the landfill nonmethane organic compound emission 

rates following the procedures listed in 40 C.F.R. 60.754, as applicable, to determine whether the 

rate equals or exceeds 50 megagrams per year. 

(ii) Gas collection and control systems must meet the requirements in 40 C.F.R. 60.752 (b)(2)(ii) 

through the following procedures: 

(A) The systems must follow the operational standards in 40 C.F.R. 60.753. 

(B) The systems must follow the compliance provisions in 40 C.F.R. 60.755 (a)(1) through (a)(6) 

to determine whether the system is in compliance with 40 C.F.R. 60.752 (b)(2)(ii). 

(C) The system must follow the applicable monitoring provisions in 40 C.F.R. 60.756. 

(f) Conditions. Existing MSW landfills that meet the following conditions must install a gas 

collection and control system: 

(i) The landfill accepted waste at any time since November 8, 1987, or the landfill has additional 

design capacity available for future waste deposition; 

(ii) The landfill has design capacity greater than or equal to 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 million 

cubic meters. The landfill may calculate design capacity in either megagrams or cubic meters for 

comparison with the exception values. Any density conversions shall be documented and 

submitted with the report; and 

(iii) The landfill has a nonmethane organic compound (NMOC) emission rate of 50 megagrams 

per year or greater. 

(g) Change in conditions. After the adoption date of this rule, a landfill that meets all three 

conditions in (e) of this subsection must comply with all the requirements of this section within 

thirty months of the date when the conditions were met. This change will usually occur because 

the NMOC emission rate equaled or exceeded the rate of 50 megagrams per year. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 36 

(h) Gas collection and control systems. 

(i) Gas collection and control systems must meet the requirements in 40 C.F.R. 60.752 (b)(2)(ii). 

(ii) The design plans must be prepared by a licensed professional engineer and submitted to the 

permitting authority within one year after the adoption date of this section. 

(iii) The system must be installed within eighteen months after the submittal of the design plans. 

(iv) The system must be operational within thirty months after the adoption date of this section. 

(v) The emissions that are collected must be controlled in one of three ways: 

(A) An open flare designed and operated according to 40 C.F.R. 60.18; 

(B) A control system designed and operated to reduce NMOC by 98 percent by weight; or 

(C) An enclosed combustor designed and operated to reduce the outlet NMOC concentration to 

20 parts per million as hexane by volume, dry basis to three percent oxygen, or less. 

(i) Air operating permit. 

(i) A MSW landfill that has a design capacity less than 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 million 

cubic meters on January 7, 2000, is not subject to the air operating permit regulation, unless the 

landfill is subject to chapter 173-401 WAC for some other reason. If the design capacity of an 

exempted MSW landfill subsequently increases to equal or exceed 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 

million cubic meters by a change that is not a modification or reconstruction, the landfill is 

subject to chapter 173-401 WAC on the date the amended design capacity report is due. 

(ii) A MSW landfill that has a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams or 

2.5 million cubic meters on January 7, 2000, is subject to chapter 173-401 WAC beginning on 

the effective date of this section. (Note: Under 40 C.F.R. 62.14352(e), an applicable MSW 

landfill must have submitted its application so that by April 6, 2001, the permitting authority was 

able to determine that it was timely and complete. Under 40 C.F.R. 70.7(b), no source may 

operate after the time that it is required to submit a timely and complete application.) 

(iii) When a MSW landfill is closed, the owner or operator is no longer subject to the 

requirement to maintain an operating permit for the landfill if the landfill is not subject to chapter

173-401 WAC for some other reason and if either of the following conditions are met: 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 37 

(A) The landfill was never subject to the requirement for a control system under 40 C.F.R. 

62.14353; or 

(B) The landfill meets the conditions for control system removal specified in 40 C.F.R. 60.752 

(b)(2)(v). 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14 

173-400-081 Startup and Shutdown. 

 (1) In promulgating technology-based emission standards and making control technology 

determinations (e.g., BACT, RACT, LAER, BART) the permitting authorities will consider any 

physical constraints on the ability of a source to comply with the applicable standard during 

startup or shutdown. 

 (2) Where the permitting authority determines that the source or source category, when 

operated and maintained in accordance with good air pollution control practice, is not capable of 

achieving continuous compliance with an emission standard during startup or shutdown, the 

permitting authority must include in the standard appropriate emission limitations, operating 

parameters, or other criteria to regulate the performance of the source during startup or shutdown 

conditions. 

 (3) In modeling the emissions of a source for purposes of demonstrating attainment or 

maintenance of national ambient air quality standards, the permitting authorities shall take into 

account any incremental increase in allowable emissions under startup or shutdown conditions 

authorized by an emission limitation or other operating parameter adopted under this rule. 

 (4) Any emission limitation or other parameter adopted under this rule which increases 

allowable emissions during startup or shutdown conditions over levels authorized in 

Washington's state implementation plan shall not take effect until approved by EPA as a SIP 

amendment. 

State effective: 4/1/11; EPA effective: 11/3/14 

173-400-091 Voluntary Limits on Emissions. 

 (1) Upon request by the owner or operator of a new or existing source or stationary source, the 

permitting authority with jurisdiction over the source shall issue a regulatory order that limits the 

potential to emit any air contaminant or contaminants to a level agreed to by the owner or 

operator and the permitting authority with jurisdiction. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 38 

 (2) A condition contained in an order issued under this section shall be less than the source's 

or stationary source's otherwise allowable annual emissions of a particular contaminant under all 

applicable requirements of the chapter 70.94 RCW and the FCAA, including any standard or 

other requirement provided for in the Washington state implementation plan. The term 

"condition" refers to limits on production or other limitations, in addition to emission limitations. 

 (3) Any order issued under this section shall include monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting 

requirements sufficient to ensure that the source or stationary source complies with any condition 

established under this section. Monitoring requirements shall use terms, test methods, units, 

averaging periods, and other statistical conventions consistent with the requirements of WAC 

173-400-105. 

 (4) Any order issued under this section must comply with WAC 173-400-171. 

 (5) The terms and conditions of a regulatory order issued under this section are enforceable. 

Any proposed deviation from a condition contained in an order issued under this section shall 

require revision or revocation of the order. 

State effective: 4/1/11; EPA effective: 11/3/14 

173-400-105 Records, Monitoring, and Reporting. 

 The owner or operator of a source shall upon notification by the director of ecology, maintain 

records on the type and quantity of emissions from the source and other information deemed 

necessary to determine whether the source is in compliance with applicable emission limitations 

and control measures. 

 (1) Emission inventory. The owner(s) or operator(s) of any air contaminant source shall 

submit an inventory of emissions from the source each year. The inventory will include stack and 

fugitive emissions of particulate matter, PM-10, PM-2.5, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, 

carbon monoxide, total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS), fluorides, lead, VOCs, ammonia, and 

other contaminants. The format for the submittal of these inventories will be specified by the 

permitting authority or ecology. When submittal of emission inventory information is requested, 

the emissions inventory shall be submitted no later than one hundred five days after the end of 

the calendar year. The owner(s) or operator(s) shall maintain records of information necessary to 

substantiate any reported emissions, consistent with the averaging times for the applicable 

standards. Emission estimates used in the inventory may be based on the most recent published 

EPA emission factors for a source category, or other information available to the owner(s) or 

operator(s), whichever is the better estimate. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 39 

 (2) Monitoring. Ecology shall conduct a continuous surveillance program to monitor the 

quality of the ambient atmosphere as to concentrations and movements of air contaminants. As a 

part of this program, the director of ecology or an authorized representative may require any 

source under the jurisdiction of ecology to conduct stack and/or ambient air monitoring and to 

report the results to ecology. 

 (3) Investigation of conditions. Upon presentation of appropriate credentials, for the purpose 

of investigating conditions specific to the control, recovery, or release of air contaminants into 

the atmosphere, personnel from ecology or an authority shall have the power to enter at 

reasonable times upon any private or public property, excepting nonmultiple unit private 

dwellings housing one or two families. 

 (4) Source testing. To demonstrate compliance, ecology or the authority may conduct or 

require that a test be conducted of the source using approved EPA methods from 40 C.F.R. Parts 

51, 60, 61 and 63 (in effect on July 1, 2012) or procedures contained in "Source Test Manual - 

Procedures for Compliance Testing," state of Washington, department of ecology, as of 

September 20, 2004, on file at ecology. The operator of a source may be required to provide the 

necessary platform and sampling ports for ecology personnel or others to perform a test of an 

emissions unit. Ecology shall be allowed to obtain a sample from any emissions unit. The 

operator of the source shall be given an opportunity to observe the sampling and to obtain a 

sample at the same time. 

 (5) Continuous monitoring and recording. Owners and operators of the following categories 

of sources shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate equipment for continuously monitoring 

and recording those emissions specified. 

 (a) Fossil fuel-fired steam generators. 

 (i) Opacity, except where: 

 (A) Steam generator capacity is less than two hundred fifty million BTU per hour heat input; 

or 

 (B) Only gaseous fuel is burned. 

 (ii) Sulfur dioxide, except where steam generator capacity is less than two hundred fifty 

million BTU per hour heat input or if sulfur dioxide control equipment is not required. 

 (iii) Percent oxygen or carbon dioxide where such measurements are necessary for the 

conversion of sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring data. 

 (iv) General exception. These requirements do not apply to a fossil fuel-fired steam generator 

with an annual average capacity factor of less than thirty percent, as reported to the Federal 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 40 

Power Commission for calendar year 1974, or as otherwise demonstrated to ecology or the 

authority by the owner(s) or operator(s). 

 (b) Sulfuric acid plants. 

Sulfur dioxide where production capacity is more than three hundred tons per day, expressed as 

one hundred percent acid, except for those facilities where conversion to sulfuric acid is utilized 

primarily as a means of preventing emissions to the atmosphere of sulfur dioxide or other sulfur 

compounds. 

 (c) Fluid bed catalytic cracking units catalyst regenerators at petroleum refineries. 

 Opacity where fresh feed capacity is more than twenty thousand barrels per day. 

 (d) Wood residue fuel-fired steam generators. 

 (i) Opacity, except where steam generator capacity is less than one hundred million BTU per 

hour heat input. 

 (ii) Continuous monitoring equipment. The requirements of (e) of this subsection do not apply 

to wood residue fuel-fired steam generators, but continuous monitoring equipment required by 

(d) of this subsection shall be subject to approval by ecology. 

 (e) Owners and operators of those sources required to install continuous monitoring 

equipment under this subsection shall demonstrate to ecology or the authority, compliance with 

the equipment and performance specifications and observe the reporting requirements contained 

in 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Appendix P, Sections 3, 4 and 5 (in effect on May 1, 2012). 

 (f) Special considerations. If for reason of physical plant limitations or extreme economic 

situations, ecology determines that continuous monitoring is not a reasonable requirement, 

alternative monitoring and reporting procedures will be established on an individual basis. These 

will generally take the form of stack tests conducted at a frequency sufficient to establish the 

emission levels over time and to monitor deviations in these levels. 

 (g) Exemptions. This subsection (5) does not apply to any emission unit which is: 

 (i) Required to continuously monitor emissions due to a standard or requirement contained in 

40 C.F.R. Parts 60, 61, 62, 63, or 75 or a permitting authority's adoption by reference of such 

federal standards. Emission units and sources subject to those standards shall comply with the 

data collection requirements that apply to those standards. 

 (ii) Not subject to an applicable emission standard. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 41 

 (6) No person shall make any false material statement, representation or certification in any 

form, notice or report required under chapter 70.94 or 70.120 RCW, or any ordinance, resolution, 

regulation, permit or order in force pursuant thereto. 

 (7) Continuous emission monitoring system operating requirements. All continuous emission 

monitoring systems (CEMS) required by 40 C.F.R. Parts 60, 61, 62, 63, or 75, or a permitting 

authority's adoption of those federal standards must meet the continuous emission monitoring 

systems (CEMS) performance specifications and data recovery requirements imposed by those 

standards. All CEMS required under an order, PSD permit, or regulation issued by a permitting

authority and not subject to CEMS performance specifications and data recovery requirements 

imposed by 40 C.F.R. Parts 60, 61, 62, 63, or 75 must follow the continuous emission 

monitoring rule of the permitting authority, or if the permitting authority does not have a 

continuous emission monitoring rule, must meet the following requirements: 

 (a) The owner or operator shall recover valid hourly monitoring data for at least 95 percent of 

the hours that the equipment (required to be monitored) is operated during each calendar month 

except for periods of monitoring system downtime, provided that the owner or operator 

demonstrated that the downtime was not a result of inadequate design, operation, or 

maintenance, or any other reasonable preventable condition, and any necessary repairs to the 

monitoring system are conducted in a timely manner.

 (b) The owner or operator shall install a continuous emission monitoring system that meets 

the performance specification in 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix B in effect at the time of its 

installation, and shall operate this monitoring system in accordance with the quality assurance 

procedures in Appendix F of 40 C.F.R. Part 60 in effect on May 1, 2012, and the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency's "Recommended Quality Assurance Procedures for Opacity 

Continuous Monitoring Systems" (EPA) 340/1-86-010. 

 (c) Monitoring data commencing on the clock hour and containing at least forty-five minutes 

of monitoring data must be reduced to one hour averages. Monitoring data for opacity is to be 

reduced to six minute block averages unless otherwise specified in the order of approval or 

permit. All monitoring data will be included in these averages except for data collected during 

calibration drift tests and cylinder gas audits, and for data collected subsequent to a failed quality

assurance test or audit. After a failed quality assurance test or audit, no valid data is collected 

until the monitoring system passes a quality assurance test or audit. 

 (d) Except for system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments 

required under subsection (a) of this section, all continuous monitoring systems shall be in 

continuous operation. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 42 

 (i) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring opacity shall complete a minimum of one 

cycle of sampling and analyzing for each successive ten second period and one cycle of data 

recording for each successive six minute period. 

 (ii) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring emissions other than opacity shall complete 

a minimum of one cycle of sampling, analyzing, and recording for each successive fifteen minute 

period. 

 (e) The owner or operator shall retain all monitoring data averages for at least five years, 

including copies of all reports submitted to the permitting authority and records of all repairs, 

adjustments, and maintenance performed on the monitoring system. 

 (f) The owner or operator shall submit a monthly report (or other frequency as directed by 

terms of an order, air operating permit or regulation) to the permitting authority within thirty 

days after the end of the month (or other specified reporting period) in which the data were 

recorded. The report required by this section may be combined with any excess emission report 

required by WAC 173-400-108. This report shall include: 

 (i) The number of hours that the monitored emission unit operated each month and the 

number of valid hours of monitoring data that the monitoring system recovered each month; 

 (ii) The date, time period, and cause of each failure to meet the data recovery requirements of 

(a) of this subsection and any actions taken to ensure adequate collection of such data; 

 (iii) The date, time period, and cause of each failure to recover valid hourly monitoring data 

for at least 90 percent of the hours that the equipment (required to be monitored) was operated 

each day; 

 (iv) The results of all cylinder gas audits conducted during the month; and 

 (v) A certification of truth, accuracy, and completeness signed by an authorized representative 

of the owner or operator. 

 (8) No person shall render inaccurate any monitoring device or method required under chapter 

70.94 or 70.120 RCW, or any ordinance, resolution, regulation, permit, or order in force pursuant 

thereto. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14 

173-400-110 New Source Review (NSR) for Sources and Portable Sources. 

(1) Applicability. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 43 

 (a) WAC 173-400-110, 173-400-111, 173-400-112, and 173-400-113 apply statewide except 

where a permitting authority has adopted its own new source review regulations. 

 (b) This section applies to new sources and stationary sources as defined in RCW 70.94.030, 

and WAC 173-400-030, but does not include nonroad engines. 

 (c) For purposes of this section: 

 (i) "Establishment" means to begin actual construction; 

 (ii) "New source" includes: 

 (A) A modification to an existing stationary source, as "modification" is defined in WAC 

173-400-030: 

 (B) The construction, modification, or relocation of a portable source as defined in WAC 173-

400-030, except those relocating in compliance with WAC 173-400-036; 

 (C) The establishment of a new or modified toxic air pollutant source, as defined in WAC 

173-460-020; and 

 (D) A major modification to an existing major stationary source, as defined in WAC 173-400-

710 and 173-400-810. 

 (d) New source review of a modification is limited to the emission unit or units proposed to 

be modified and the air contaminants whose emissions would increase as a result of the 

modification. Review of a major modification must comply with WAC 173-400-700 through 

173-400-750 or 173-400-800 through 173-400-860, as applicable. 

 (e) The procedural requirements pertaining to NOC applications and orders of approval for 

new sources that are not major stationary sources, as defined in WAC 173-400-710 and 173-400-

810, shall not apply to any person conducting a remedial action at a facility pursuant to a consent 

decree, order, or agreed order issued pursuant to chapter 70.105D RCW, Model Toxics Control 

Act, or to the department of ecology when it conducts a remedial action under chapter 70.105D 

RCW. The department of ecology shall ensure compliance with the substantive requirements of 

this chapter through the consent decree, order, or agreed order issued pursuant to chapter 

70.105D RCW using the procedures outlined in WAC 173-340-710(9) or during a departmentconducted remedial action, through the procedures outlined in WAC 173-340-710(9). 

 (2) Preconstruction approval requirements. The applicant must evaluate the proposed project 

and submit an application addressing all applicable new source review requirements of this 

chapter. 

 (a) A notice of construction application must be filed and an order of approval must be issued 

by the permitting authority prior to the establishment of any new source or modification except 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 44 

for those new sources or modifications exempt from permitting under subsections (4), (5), and 

(6) of this section. 

 (b) If the proposed project is a new major stationary source or a major modification, located 

in a designated nonattainment area, and if the project emits the air pollutant or precursors of the 

air pollutant for which the area is designated nonattainment, and the project meets the 

applicability criteria in WAC 173-400-820, then the project is subject to the permitting 

requirements of WAC 173-400-800 through 173-400-860. 

 (c) If the proposed project is a new major stationary source or a major modification that meets 

the applicability criteria of WAC 173-400-720, then the project is subject to the PSD permitting 

requirements of WAC 173-400-700 through173-400-750 . 

 (d) If the proposed project will increase emissions of toxic air pollutants regulated under 

chapter 173-460 WAC, then the project must meet all applicable requirements of that program. 

 (3) Modifications. 

 New source review is required for any modification to a stationary source that requires: 

 (a) An increase in a plant-wide cap; or 

 (b) An increase in an emission unit or activity specific emission limit. 

 (4) Emission unit and activity exemptions. 

 The construction or modification of emission units or an activity in one of the categories 

listed below is exempt from new source review, provided that the modified unit continues to fall 

within one of the listed categories. The construction or modification of an emission unit or an 

activity exempt under this subsection does not require the filing of a notice of construction 

application. 

 (a) Maintenance/construction: 

 (i) Cleaning and sweeping of streets and paved surfaces; 

 (ii) Concrete application, and installation; 

 (iii) Dredging wet spoils handling and placement; 

 (iv) Paving application and maintenance. This provision does not exempt asphalt plants from 

this chapter; 

 (v) Plant maintenance and upkeep activities (grounds keeping, general repairs, house keeping, 

plant painting, welding, cutting, brazing, soldering, plumbing, retarring roofs, etc.); 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 45 

 (vi) Plumbing installation, plumbing protective coating application and maintenance 

activities; 

 (vii) Roofing application and maintenance; 

 (viii) Insulation application and maintenance;

 (ix) Janitorial services and consumer use of janitorial products; 

 (x) Construction activities that do not result in new or modified stationary sources or portable 

stationary sources. 

 (b) Storage tanks: 

Note: It can be difficult to determine requirements for storage tanks. Ecology strongly 

recommends that an owner or operator contact the permitting authority to determine the 

exemption status of storage tanks prior to their installation. 

 (i) Lubricating oil storage tanks. This provision does not exempt wholesale distributors of 

lubricating oils from this chapter; 

 (ii) Polymer tanks and storage devices and associated pumping and handling equipment, used 

for solids dewatering and flocculation; 

 (iii) Storage tanks, reservoirs, pumping and handling equipment of any size containing soaps, 

vegetable oil, grease, animal fat, and nonvolatile aqueous salt solutions; 

 (iv) Process and white water storage tanks; 

 (v) Operation, loading and unloading of storage tanks and storage vessels, with lids or other 

appropriate closure and less than 260-gallon capacity (35 cubic feet); 

 (vi) Operation, loading and unloading of storage tanks, ≤ 1100 gallon capacity, with lids or 

other appropriate closure, not for use with materials containing toxic air pollutants, as listed in 

chapter 173-460 WAC, max. VP 550 mm mercury at 21°C; 

 (vii) Operation, loading and unloading storage of butane, propane, or liquefied petroleum gas 

with a vessel capacity less than 40,000 gallons; 

 (viii) Tanks, vessels and pumping equipment, with lids or other appropriate closure for 

storage or dispensing of aqueous solutions of inorganic salts, bases and acids. 

 (c) New or modified emission units with combined aggregate heat inputs to combustion units 

(excluding emergency engines exempted by subsection (4)(h)(xxxix) of this section), less than or 

equal to all of the following, as applicable: 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 46 

 (i) ≤ 500,000 Btu/hr using coal with ≤ 0.5% sulfur or other solid fuels with ≤ 0.5% sulfur; 

 (ii) ≤ 500,000 Btu/hr using used oil, per the requirements of RCW 70.94.610; 

 (iii) ≤ 400,000 Btu/hr using wood waste or paper; 

 (iv) ≤ 1,000,000 Btu/hr using gasoline, kerosene, #1, or #2 fuel oil and with ≤0.05% sulfur; 

 (v) ≤ 4,000,000 Btu/hr using natural gas, propane, or LPG. 

 (d) Material handling: 

 (i) Continuous digester chip feeders; 

 (ii) Grain elevators not licensed as warehouses or dealers by either the Washington state 

department of agriculture or the U.S. Department of Agriculture; 

 (iii) Storage and handling of water based lubricants for metal working where organic content 

of the lubricant is ≤ 10%; 

 (iv) Equipment used exclusively to pump, load, unload, or store high boiling point organic 

material in tanks less than one million gallon, material with initial atmospheric boiling point not 

less than 150°C or vapor pressure not more than 5 mm mercury at 21°C, with lids or other 

appropriate closure. 

 (e) Water treatment: 

 (i) Septic sewer systems, not including active wastewater treatment facilities; 

 (ii) NPDES permitted ponds and lagoons used solely for the purpose of settling suspended 

solids and skimming of oil and grease; 

 (iii) De-aeration (oxygen scavenging) of water where toxic air pollutants as defined in chapter 

173-460 WAC are not emitted; 

 (iv) Process water filtration system and demineralizer vents; 

 (v) Sewer manholes, junction boxes, sumps and lift stations associated with wastewater 

treatment systems; 

 (vi) Demineralizer tanks; 

 (vii) Alum tanks; 

 (viii) Clean water condensate tanks. 

 (f) Environmental chambers and laboratory equipment: 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 47 

 (i) Environmental chambers and humidity chambers using only gases that are not toxic air 

pollutants listed in chapter 173-460 WAC; 

 (ii) Gas cabinets using only gases that are not toxic air pollutants regulated under chapter 173-

460 WAC; 

 (iii) Installation or modification of a single laboratory fume hood; 

 (iv) Laboratory research, experimentation, analysis and testing at sources whose primary 

purpose and activity is research or education. To be exempt, these sources must not engage in the 

production of products, or in providing commercial services, for sale or exchange for

commercial profit except in a de minimis manner. Pilot-plants or pilot scale processes at these 

sources are not exempt. 

 (v) Laboratory calibration and maintenance equipment. 

 (g) Monitoring/quality assurance/testing: 

 (i) Equipment and instrumentation used for quality control/assurance or inspection purpose; 

 (ii) Hydraulic and hydrostatic testing equipment; 

 (iii) Sample gathering, preparation and management; 

 (iv) Vents from emission monitors and other analyzers. 

 (h) Miscellaneous: 

 (i) Single-family residences and duplexes; 

 (ii) Plastic pipe welding; 

 (iii) Primary agricultural production activities including soil preparation, planting, fertilizing, 

weed and pest control, and harvesting; 

 (iv) Comfort air conditioning; 

 (v) Flares used to indicate danger to the public; 

 (vi) Natural and forced air vents and stacks for bathroom/toilet activities; 

 (vii) Personal care activities; 

 (viii) Recreational fireplaces including the use of barbecues, campfires, and ceremonial fires; 

 (ix) Tobacco smoking rooms and areas; 

 (x) Noncommercial smokehouses; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 48 

 (xi) Blacksmith forges for single forges; 

 (xii) Vehicle maintenance activities, not including vehicle surface coating; 

 (xiii) Vehicle or equipment washing (see (c) of this subsection for threshold for boilers); 

 (xiv) Wax application; 

 (xv) Oxygen, nitrogen, or rare gas extraction and liquefaction equipment not including 

internal and external combustion equipment; 

 (xvi) Ozone generators and ozonation equipment; 

 (xvii) Solar simulators; 

 (xviii) Ultraviolet curing processes, to the extent that toxic air pollutant gases as defined in 

chapter 173-460 WAC are not emitted; 

 (xix) Electrical circuit breakers, transformers, or switching equipment installation or 

operation; 

 (xx) Pulse capacitors; 

 (xxi) Pneumatically operated equipment, including tools and hand held applicator equipment 

for hot melt adhesives; 

 (xxii) Fire suppression equipment; 

 (xxiii) Recovery boiler blow-down tank; 

 (xxiv) Screw press vents; 

 (xxv) Drop hammers or hydraulic presses for forging or metal working; 

 (xxvi) Production of foundry sand molds, unheated and using binders less than 0.25% free 

phenol by sand weight; 

 (xxvii) Kraft lime mud storage tanks and process vessels; 

 (xxviii) Lime grits washers, filters and handling; 

 (xxix) Lime mud filtrate tanks; 

 (xxx) Lime mud water; 

 (xxxi) Stock cleaning and pressurized pulp washing down process of the brown stock washer; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 49 

 (xxxii) Natural gas pressure regulator vents, excluding venting at oil and gas production 

facilities and transportation marketing facilities;

 (xxxiii) Solvent cleaners less than 10 square feet air-vapor interface with solvent vapor 

pressure not more than 30 mm mercury at 21°C where no toxic air pollutants as listed under 

chapter 173-460 WAC are emitted; 

 (xxxiv) Surface coating, aqueous solution or suspension containing ≤ 1% (by weight) VOCs, 

or ≤ 1% (by weight) toxic air pollutants as listed in chapter 173-460 WAC; 

 (xxxv) Cleaning and stripping activities and equipment using solutions having ≤ 1% VOCs 

(by weight) or ≤ 1% (by weight) toxic air pollutants. Acid solutions used on metallic substances 

are not exempt; 

 (xxxvi) Dip coating operations, using materials less than 1% VOCs (by weight) or ≤ 1% (by 

weight) toxic air pollutants as listed in chapter 173-460 WAC. 

 (xxxvii) Abrasive blasting performed inside a booth or hangar designed to capture the blast 

grit or overspray. 

 (xxxviii) For structures or items too large to be reasonably handled indoors, abrasive blasting 

performed outdoors that employs control measures such as curtailment during windy periods and 

enclosure of the area being blasted with tarps and uses either steel shot or an abrasive containing 

less than one percent (by mass) which would pass through a No. 200 sieve. 

 (xxxix) Stationary emergency internal combustion engines with an aggregate brake 

horsepower that is less than or equal to 500 brake horsepower. 

 (xl) Gasoline dispensing facilities with annual gasoline throughputs less than those specified 

in WAC 173-491-040 (4)(a). Gasoline dispensing facilities subject to chapter 173-491 WAC are 

exempt from toxic air pollutant analysis pursuant to chapter 173-460 WAC. 

 (5) Exemptions based on emissions. 

 (a) Except as provided in this subsection: 

 (i) Construction of a new emissions unit that has a potential to emit below each of the levels 

listed in Table 110(5) Exemption levels is exempt from new source review. 

 (ii) A modification to an existing emissions unit that increases the unit's actual emissions by 

less than each of the threshold levels listed in Table 110(5) Exemption levels of this subsection is 

exempt from new source review. 

 (b) Greenhouse gas emissions are exempt from new source review requirements except to the 

extent required under WAC 173-400-720, prevention of significant deterioration. The owner or 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 50 

operator of a source or emission unit, may request that the permitting authority impose emission 

limits and/or operation limitations for greenhouse gas in any new source review order of 

approval. 

 Table 110(5) Exemption levels: 

POLLUTANT LEVEL (TONS PER 

YEAR) 

Carbon monoxide 5.0 

Lead 0.005 

Nitrogen oxides 2.0 

PM-10 0.75 

PM-2.5 0.5 

Total suspended particulates 1.25 

Sulfur dioxide 2.0 

Volatile Organic Compounds, 

total 

2.0 

Ozone Depleting Substances, 

total 

1.0 

Toxic Air Pollutants The de minimis 

emission rate specified 

for each TAP in WAC 

173-460-150. 

 (6) Portable source with order of approval. A portable source is authorized to operate 

without obtaining a site-specific or a permitting authority specific approval order to relocate if 

the portable source complies with the provisions of WAC 173-400-036. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-111 Processing Notice of Construction Applications for Sources, Stationary 

Sources and Portable Sources. 

 

WAC 173-400-110, 173-400-111, 173-400-112, and 173-400-113 apply statewide except where 

a permitting authority has adopted its own new source review regulations. 

 (1) Completeness determination. 

 (a) Within thirty days after receiving a notice of construction application, the permitting 

authority must either notify the applicant in writing that the application is complete or notify the 

applicant in writing of all additional information necessary to complete the application. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 51 

 (b) A complete application contains all the information necessary for processing the 

application. At a minimum, the application must provide information on the nature and amounts 

of emissions to be emitted by the proposed new source or increased as part of a modification, as 

well as the location, design, construction, and operation of the new source as needed to enable 

the permitting authority to determine that the construction or modification will meet the 

requirements of WAC 173-400-113. Designating an application complete for purposes of permit 

processing does not preclude the reviewing authority from requesting or accepting any additional 

information. 

 (c) For a project subject to the special protection requirements for federal Class I areas under 

WAC 173-400-117(2), a completeness determination includes a determination that the 

application includes all information required for review of that project under WAC 173-400-

117(3). The applicant must send a copy of the application and all amendments to the application 

to the EPA and the responsible federal land manager. 

 (d) For a project subject to the major new source review requirements in WAC 173-400-800 

through 173-400-860, the completeness determination includes a determination that the 

application includes all information required for review under those sections. 

 (e) An application is not complete until any permit application fee required by the permitting 

authority has been paid. 

 (2) Coordination with chapter 173-401 WAC, operating permit regulation. A person seeking 

approval to construct or modify a source that requires an operating permit may elect to integrate 

review of the operating permit application or amendment required under chapter 173-401 WAC 

and the notice of construction application required by this section. A notice of construction 

application designated for integrated review must be processed in accordance with operating 

permit program procedures and deadlines in chapter 173-401 WAC and must comply with WAC 

173-400-171. 

 (3) Criteria for approval of a notice of construction application. An order of approval cannot 

be issued until the following criteria are met as applicable: 

 (a) The requirements of WAC 173-400-112; 

 (b) The requirements of WAC 173-400-113; 

 (c) The requirements of WAC 173-400-117; 

 (d) The requirements of WAC 173-400-171; 

 (e) The requirements of WAC 173-400-200 and 173-400-205; 

 (f) The requirements of WAC 173-400-700 through173-400-750; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 52 

 (g) The requirements of WAC 173-400-800 through173-400-860; 

 (h) The requirements of chapter 173-460 WAC; and 

 (i) All fees required under chapter 173-455 WAC (or the applicable new source review fee 

table of the local air pollution control authority) have been paid. 

 (4) Final determination - Time frame and signature authority. 

 (a) Within sixty days of receipt of a complete notice of construction application, the 

permitting authority must either: 

 (i) Issue a final decision on the application; or 

 (ii) Initiate notice and comment for those projects subject to WAC 173-400-171 followed as 

promptly as possible by a final decision. 

 (b) Every final determination on a notice of construction application must be reviewed and 

signed prior to issuance by a professional engineer or staff under the direct supervision of a 

professional engineer in the employ of the permitting authority. 

 (5) Distribution of the final decision. 

 (a) The permitting authority must promptly provide copies of each order approving or 

denying a notice of construction application to the applicant and to any other party who 

submitted timely comments on the application, along with a notice advising parties of their rights 

of appeal to the pollution control hearings board. 

 (b) If the new source is a major stationary source or the change is a major modification 

subject to the requirements of WAC 173-400-800 through 173-400-860, the permitting authority 

must: 

 (i) Submit any control technology (LAER) determination included in a final order of approval 

to the RACT/BACT/LAER clearinghouse maintained by EPA; and 

 (ii) Send a copy of the final approval order to EPA. 

 (6) Appeals. Any conditions contained in an order of approval, or the denial of a notice of 

construction application may be appealed to the pollution control hearings board as provided 

under chapters 43.21B RCW and 371-08 WAC. 

 (7) Construction time limitations. 

 (a) Approval to construct or modify a stationary source becomes invalid if construction is not 

commenced within eighteen months after receipt of the approval, if construction is discontinued 

for a period of eighteen months or more, or if construction is not completed within a reasonable 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 53 

time. The permitting authority may extend the eighteen-month period upon a satisfactory 

showing by the permittee that an extension is justified. 

 (b) The extension of a project that is either a major stationary source, as defined in WAC 173-

400-810, in a nonattainment area or a major modification, as defined in WAC 173-400-810, of a 

major stationary source in a nonattainment area must also require LAER, for the pollutants for 

which the area is classified as nonattainment, as LAER exists at the time of the extension for the 

pollutants that were subject to LAER in the original approval. 

 (c) This provision does not apply to the time period between construction of the approved 

phases of a phased construction project. Each phase must commence construction within 

eighteen months of the projected and approved commence construction date. 

 (8) Change of conditions or revisions to orders of approval. 

 (a) The owner or operator may request, at any time, a change in the conditions of an approval 

order and the permitting authority may approve the request provided the permitting authority 

finds that: 

 (i) The change in conditions will not cause the source to exceed an emissions standard set by 

regulation or rule; 

 (ii) No ambient air quality standard will be exceeded as a result of the change; 

 (iii) The change will not adversely impact the ability of the permitting authority to determine 

compliance with an emissions standard; 

 (iv) The revised order will continue to require BACT for each new source approved by the 

order except where the Federal Clean Air Act requires LAER; and 

 (v) The revised order meets the requirements of WAC 173-400-111, 173-400-112, 173-400-

113, 173-400-720, 173-400-830, and 173-460-040, as applicable. 

 (b) Actions taken under this subsection are subject to the public involvement provisions of 

WAC 173-400-171 or the permitting authority's public notice and comment procedures. 

 (c) The applicant must consider the criteria in 40 C.F.R. 52.21 (r)(4) as adopted by reference 

in WAC 173-400-720 or 173-400-830(3), as applicable, when determining which new source 

review approvals are required. 

 (9) Fees. Chapter 173-455 WAC lists the required fees payable to ecology for various permit 

actions. 

 (10) Enforcement. All persons who receive an order of approval must comply with all 

approval conditions contained in the order of approval. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 54 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14 

173-400-112 Requirements for New Sources in Nonattainment Areas — Review for 

Compliance with Regulations. 

110, 173-400-111, 173-400-112, and 173-400-113 apply statewide except where a permitting 

authority has adopted its own new source review regulations. The permitting authority that is 

reviewing an application required by WAC 173-400-110(2) to establish a new source in a 

nonattainment area shall issue the order of approval if it determines that the proposed project 

satisfies each of the following requirements: 

 (1) The proposed new source or modification will comply with all applicable new source 

performance standards, national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants, national 

emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for source categories, emission standards adopted 

under chapter 70.94 RCW and, for sources regulated by an authority, the applicable emission 

standards of that authority. 

 (2) The proposed new source or modification will achieve LAER for any air contaminants for 

which: 

 (a) The area has been designated nonattainment; and 

 (b)(i) The proposed new source is major; or 

 (ii) The existing source is major and the major modification is significant. 

 (3) The proposed new source will employ BACT for those air contaminants not subject to 

LAER that the new source will emit or for which the proposed modification will cause an 

emissions increase. 

 (4) The proposed new source or modification will not cause any ambient air quality standard 

to be exceeded, will not violate the requirements for reasonable further progress established by 

the SIP and will comply with WAC 173-400-113 (3) and (4) for all air contaminants for which 

the area has not been designated nonattainment. 

 (5) If the proposal is a new major stationary source or a major modification as those terms are 

defined in WAC 173-400-810 then it must also comply with WAC 173-400-800 through 173-

400-860. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 55 

 

173-400-113 New Sources in Attainment or Unclassifiable Areas — Review for Compliance 

with Regulations. 

WAC 173-400-110, 173-400-111, 173-400-112, and 173-400-113 apply statewide except where 

a permitting authority has adopted its own new source review regulations. The permitting 

authority that is reviewing an application to establish a new source or modification in an 

attainment or unclassifiable area shall issue an order of approval if it determines that the 

proposed project satisfies each of the following requirements: 

 (1) The proposed new source or modification will comply with all applicable new source 

performance standards, national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants, national 

emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for source categories, emission standards adopted 

under chapter 70.94 RCW and, for sources regulated by an authority, the applicable emission 

standards of that authority. 

 (2) The proposed new source or modification will employ BACT for all pollutants not 

previously emitted or whose emissions would increase as a result of the new source or 

modification. 

 (3) Allowable emissions from the proposed new source or the increase in emissions from the 

proposed modification will not cause or contribute to a violation of any ambient air quality 

standard. If the modeled concentrations of allowable emissions from the proposed new source or 

the increase in emissions from the proposed modification are below the levels in Table 4a, the 

proposed source does not contribute to a violation of an ambient air quality standard. 

 (4)(a) If the projected impact of the allowable emissions from the proposed new major 

stationary source (as defined in WAC 173-400-810) or the projected impact of the increase in 

allowable emissions from the proposed major modification (as defined in WAC 173-400-810) at 

any location within a nonattainment area does not exceed the following levels for the pollutants 

for which the area has been designated nonattainment, then the proposed new source or 

modification will not be considered to cause or contribute to a violation of an ambient air quality 

standard: 

Table 4a: Cause or Contribute Threshold Values for Nonattainment Area Impacts 

Pollutant Annual 

Average 

24-Hour 

Average 

8-Hour 

Average 

3-Hour 

Average 

1-Hour 

Average 

CO - - 0.5 mg/m3 - 2 mg/m3 

SO2 1.0 μg/m3 5 μg/m3 - 25 μg/m3 30 μg/m3 

PM10 1.0 μg/m3 5 μg/m3 - - - 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 56 

PM2.5 0.3 μg/m3 1.2 μg/m3 

NO2 1.0 μg/m3  - - - - 

 (b) If the projected impact of the allowable emissions from the proposed new major stationary 

source (as defined in WAC 173-400-810) or the projected impact of the increase in allowable 

emissions from the proposed major modification (as defined in WAC 173-400-810) results in a 

projected impact at any location inside a nonattainment area above the appropriate value in Table 

4a of this section may use an offsetting emission reduction or other method identified in 40 

C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix S, Sections III and IV.A which reduce the projected impacts to the 

above values or less. If the owner or operator of the proposed new major stationary source or 

major source proposed to be modified is unable to reduce emissions or obtain offsetting 

emissions reductions adequate to reduce modeled impacts below the values in Table 4a of this 

section, then the permitting authority shall deny approval to construct and operate the proposed 

new major stationary source or major modification. 

 (5) If the proposal is a new major stationary source or a major modification as defined in 

WAC 173-400-720, then it must also comply with WAC 173-400-700 through 173-400-750. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-118 Designation of Class I, II, and III Areas. 

 

(1) Designation. 

 (a) Lands within the exterior boundaries of Indian reservations may be proposed for 

redesignation by an Indian governing body or EPA. This restriction does not apply to nontrust 

lands within the 1873 Survey Area of the Puyallup Indian Reservation. 

 (b) All areas of the state must be designated either Class I, II or III. 

 (i) The following areas are the Class I areas in Washington state: 

 (A) Alpine Lakes Wilderness; 

 (B) Glacier Peak Wilderness; 

 (C) Goat Rocks Wilderness; 

 (D) Adams Wilderness; 

 (E) Mount Rainier National Park; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 57 

 (F) North Cascades National Park; 

 (G) Olympic National Park; 

 (H) Pasayten Wilderness; and 

 (I) Spokane Indian Reservation.1

 

 (ii) All other areas of the state are Class II, but may be redesignated as provided in 

subsections (2) and (3) of this section. 

1. EPA redesignated this land based on a request from the Spokane Tribal Council. See 40 C.F.R. 

52.2497 and 56 FR 14862, April 12, 1991, for details. 

 (2) Restrictions on area classifications. 

 (a) Except for the Spokane Indian Reservation, the Class I areas listed in subsection (1) of this

section may not be redesignated. 

 (b) Except as provided in (a) of this subsection, the following areas that exceed 10,000 acres 

in size may be redesignated as Class I or II: 

 (i) Areas in existence on August 7, 1977: 

 (A) A national monument; 

 (B) A national primitive area; 

 (C) A national preserve; 

 (D) A national wild and scenic river; 

 (E) A national wildlife refuge; 

 (F) A national lakeshore or seashore; or 

 (G) A national recreation area. 

 (ii) Areas established after August 7, 1977: 

 (A) A national park; 

 (B) A national wilderness area; or 

 (C) Areas proposed by ecology for designation or redesignation. 

 (3) Redesignation of area classifications. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 58 

 (a) Ecology shall propose the redesignation of an area classification as a revision to the SIP. 

 (b) Ecology may submit to EPA a proposal to redesignate areas of the state as Class I or II if: 

 (i) Ecology followed the public involvement procedures in WAC 173-400-171(12); 

 (ii) Ecology explained the reasons for the proposed redesignation, including a description and 

analysis of the health, environmental, economic, social, and energy effects of the proposed 

redesignation; 

 (iii) Ecology made available for public inspection at least thirty days before the hearing the 

explanation of the reasons for the proposed redesignation; 

 (iv) Ecology notified other states, tribal governing bodies, and federal land managers (as 

defined in 40 C.F.R. 52.21 (b)(24)) whose lands may be affected by the proposed redesignation 

at least thirty days prior to the public hearing; 

 (v) Ecology consulted with the elected leadership of local governments in the area covered by 

the proposed redesignation before proposing the redesignation; and 

 (vi) Ecology followed these procedures when a redesignation includes any federal lands: 

 (A) Ecology notified in writing the appropriate federal land manager on the proposed 

redesignation. Ecology allowed forty-five days for the federal land manager to confer with 

ecology and to submit written comments. 

 (B) Ecology responded to any written comments from the federal land manager that were 

received within forty-five days of notification. Ecology's response was available to the public in 

advance of the notice of the hearing. 

 (I) Ecology sent the written comments of the federal land manager, along with ecology's 

response to those comments, to the public location as required in WAC 173-400-171 (2)(a). 

 (II) If ecology disagreed with the federal land manager's written comments, ecology 

published a list of any inconsistency between the redesignation and the comments of the federal 

land manager, together with the reasons for making the redesignation against the 

recommendation of the federal land manager. 

 (c) Ecology may submit to EPA a proposal to redesignate any area other than an area to which 

subsection (1) of this section applies as Class III if: 

 (i) The redesignation followed the public involvement requirements of WAC 173-400-171 

and 173-400-118(3); 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 59 

 (ii) The redesignation has been specifically approved by the governor of Washington state, 

after consultation with the appropriate committees of the legislature if it is in session, or with the

leadership of the legislature, if it is not in session; 

 (iii) The redesignation has been approved by local governments representing a majority of the 

residents of the area to be redesignated. The local governments enacted legislation or passed 

resolutions concurring in the redesignation; 

 (iv) The redesignation would not cause, or contribute to, a concentration of any air 

contaminant which would exceed any maximum allowable increase permitted under the 

classification of any other area or any National Ambient Air Quality Standard; and 

 (v) A PSD permit under WAC 173-400-720 for a new major stationary source or major 

modification could be issued only if the area in question were redesignated as Class III, and 

material submitted as part of that application was available for public inspection prior to any 

public hearing on redesignation of the area as Class III. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-151 Retrofit Requirements for Visibility Protection. 

 (1) The requirements of this section apply to an existing stationary facility. An "existing 

stationary facility" means a stationary source of air contaminants that meets all of these 

conditions: 

 (a) The stationary source must have the potential to emit 250 tons per year or more of any air 

contaminant. Fugitive emissions, to the extent quantifiable, must be counted in determining the 

potential to emit; and 

 (b) The stationary source was not in operation prior to August 7, 1962, and was in existence 

on August 7, 1977; and 

 (c) Is in one of the following 26 source categories: 

Fossil-fuel fired steam electric plants 

of more than 250 million British 

thermal units per hour heat input, 

Coke oven batteries, 

Coal cleaning plants (thermal dryers), Sulfur recovery plants, 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 60 

Kraft pulp mills, Carbon black plants (furnace process), 

Portland cement plants, Primary lead smelters, 

Primary zinc smelters, Fuel conversion plants, 

Iron and steel mill plants, Sintering plants, 

Primary aluminum ore reduction 

plants, 

Secondary metal production facilities, 

Primary copper smelters, Chemical process plants, 

Municipal incinerators capable of 

charging more than 250 tons of refuse 

per day, 

Fossil-fuel boilers of more than 250 

million British thermal units per hour 

heat input, 

Hydrofluoric, sulfuric, and nitric acid 

plants, 

Petroleum storage and transfer 

facilities with a capacity exceeding 

300,000 barrels, 

Petroleum refineries, Taconite ore processing facilities, 

Lime plants, Glass fiber processing plants, and 

Phosphate rock processing plants, Charcoal production facilities. 

 (d) For purposes of determining whether a stationary source is an existing stationary facility, 

the term "building, structure, facility, or installation" means all of the pollutant-emitting 

activities which belong to the same industrial grouping, are located on one or more contiguous or 

adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common 

control). Pollutant-emitting activities shall be considered as part of the same major group (i.e., 

which have the same two digit code) as described in the Standard Industrial Classification 

Manual, 1972, as amended in the 1977 supplement. 

 (2) Ecology shall identify each existing stationary facility which may reasonably be 

anticipated to cause or contribute to visibility impairment in any mandatory Class 1 federal area 

in Washington and any adjacent state. 

 (3) For each existing stationary facility identified under subsection (2) of this section, 

ecology, in consultation with the permitting authority shall determine BART for each air 

contaminant of concern and any additional air pollution control technologies that are to be 

required to reduce impairment from the existing stationary facility. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 61 

 (4) Each existing stationary facility shall apply BART as new technology for control of the air 

contaminant becomes reasonably available if: 

 (a) The existing stationary facility emits the air contaminant contributing to visibility 

impairment; 

 (b) Controls representing BART for that air contaminant have not previously been required 

under this section; and 

 (c) The impairment of visibility in any mandatory Class 1 federal area is reasonably 

attributable to the emissions of the air contaminant. 

State effective: 2/10/05; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-161 Compliance Schedules

(1) Issuance. Whenever a source is found to be in violation of an emission standard or other 

provision of this chapter, ecology or the authority may issue a regulatory order requiring that the 

source be brought into compliance within a specified time. The order shall contain a schedule 

for installation, with intermediate benchmark dates and a final completion date, and shall 

constitute a compliance schedule. Requirements for public involvement (WAC 173-400-171) 

must be met. 

(2) Federal action. A source shall be considered to be in compliance with this chapter if all the 

provisions of its individual compliance schedule included with a regulatory order are being met. 

Such compliance does not preclude federal enforcement action by the EPA until and unless the 

schedule is submitted and adopted as an amendment to the state implementation plan. 

(3) Penalties for delayed compliance. Sources on a compliance schedule but not meeting 

emissions standards may be subject to penalties as provided in the Federal Clean Air Act. 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-171 Public Notice and Opportunity for Public Comment. 

 The purpose of this section is to specify the requirements for notifying the public about air 

quality actions and to provide opportunities for the public to participate in those actions. This 

section applies statewide except that the requirements of WAC 173-400-171 (1) through (11) do 

not apply where the permitting authority has adopted its own public notice provisions. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 62 

 (1) Applicability to prevention of significant deterioration, and relocation of portable sources.

 This section does not apply to: 

 (a) A notice of construction application designated for integrated review with actions 

regulated by WAC 173-400-700 through 173-400-750. In such cases, compliance with the public 

notification requirements of WAC 173-400-740 is required. 

 (b) Portable source relocation notices as regulated by WAC 173-400-036, relocation of 

portable sources. 

 (2) Internet notice of application. 

 (a) For those applications and actions not subject to a mandatory public comment period per 

subsection (3) of this section, the permitting authority must post an announcement of the receipt 

of notice of construction applications and other proposed actions on the permitting authority's 

internet web site. 

 (b) The internet posting must remain on the permitting authority's web site for a minimum of 

fifteen consecutive days. 

 (c) The internet posting must include a notice of the receipt of the application, the type of 

proposed action, and a statement that the public may request a public comment period on the 

proposed action. 

 (d) Requests for a public comment period must be submitted to the permitting authority in 

writing via letter, fax, or electronic mail during the fifteen-day internet posting period. 

 (e) A public comment period must be provided for any application or proposed action that 

receives such a request. Any application or proposed action for which a public comment period 

is not requested may be processed without further public involvement at the end of the fifteenday internet posting period. 

 (3) Actions subject to a mandatory public comment period. 

 The permitting authority must provide public notice and a public comment period before 

approving or denying any of the following types of applications or other actions: 

 (a) Any application, order, or proposed action for which a public comment period is requested 

in compliance with subsection (2) of this section. 

 (b) Any notice of construction application for a new or modified source, including the initial 

application for operation of a portable source, if there is an increase in emissions of any air 

pollutant at a rate above the emission threshold rate (defined in WAC 173-400-030) or any 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 63 

increase in emissions of a toxic air pollutant above the acceptable source impact level for that 

toxic air pollutant as regulated under chapter 173-460 WAC; or 

 (c) Any use of a modified or substituted air quality model, other than a guideline model in 

Appendix W of 40 C.F.R. Part 51 (in effect on May 1, 2012) as part of review under WAC 173-

400-110, 173-400-113, or 173-400-117; or 

 (d) Any order to determine reasonably available control technology, RACT; or 

 (e) An order to establish a compliance schedule issued under WAC 173-400-161, or a 

variance issued under WAC 173-400-180; or 

Note: Mandatory notice is not required for compliance orders issued under WAC 173-400-230. 

 (f) An order to demonstrate the creditable height of a stack which exceeds the good 

engineering practice, GEP, formula height and sixty-five meters, by means of a fluid model or a 

field study, for the purposes of establishing an emission limitation; or 

 (g) An order to authorize a bubble; or 

 (h) Any action to discount the value of an emission reduction credit, ERC, issued to a source 

per WAC 173-400-136; or 

 (i) Any regulatory order to establish best available retrofit technology, BART, for an existing 

stationary facility; or 

 (j) Any notice of construction application or regulatory order used to establish a creditable 

emission reduction; or 

 (k) Any order issued under WAC 173-400-091 that establishes limitations on a source's 

potential to emit; or 

 (l) The original issuance and the issuance of all revisions to a general order of approval issued

under WAC 173-400-560 (this does not include coverage orders); or 

 (m) Any extension of the deadline to begin actual construction of a "major stationary source" 

or "major modification" in a nonattainment area; or

 (n) Any application or other action for which the permitting authority determines that there is 

significant public interest. 

 (4) Advertising the mandatory public comment period. Public notice of all applications, 

orders, or actions listed in subsection (3) of this section must be given by prominent 

advertisement in the area affected by the proposal. Prominent advertisement may be by 

publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the area of the proposed action or other 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 64 

means of prominent advertisement in the area affected by the proposal. This public notice can be 

published or given only after all of the information required by the permitting authority has been 

submitted and after the applicable preliminary determinations, if any, have been made. The 

notice must be published or given before any of the applications or other actions listed in 

subsection (3) of this section are approved or denied. The applicant or other initiator of the action 

must pay the publishing cost of providing public notice. 

 (5) Information available for public review. The information submitted by the applicant, and 

any applicable preliminary determinations, including analyses of the effects on air quality, must 

be available for public inspection in at least one location near the proposed project. Exemptions 

from this requirement include information protected from disclosure under any applicable law, 

including, but not limited to, RCW 70.94.205 and chapter 173-03 WAC. 

 (6) Public notice components. 

 (a) The notice must include: 

 (i) The name and address of the owner or operator and the facility; 

 (ii) A brief description of the proposal and the type of facility, including a description of the

facility's processes subject to the permit; 

 (iii) A description of the air contaminant emissions including the type of pollutants and 

quantity of emissions that would increase under the proposal; 

 (iv) The location where those documents made available for public inspection may be 

reviewed; 

 (v) A thirty-day period for submitting written comment to the permitting authority; 

 (vi) A statement that a public hearing will be held if the permitting authority determines that 

there is significant public interest; 

 (vii) The name, address, and telephone number and e-mail address of a person at the 

permitting authority from whom interested persons may obtain additional information, including 

copies of the permit draft, the application, all relevant supporting materials, including any 

compliance plan, permit, and monitoring and compliance certification report, and all other 

materials available to the permitting authority that are relevant to the permit decision, unless the 

information is exempt from disclosure; 

 (b) For projects subject to special protection requirements for federal Class I areas, as 

required by WAC 173-400-117, public notice must include an explanation of the permitting 

authority's draft decision or state that an explanation of the draft decision appears in the support 

document for the proposed order of approval. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 65 

 (7) Length of the public comment period. 

 (a) The public comment period must extend at least thirty days prior to any hearing. 

 (b) If a public hearing is held, the public comment period must extend through the hearing 

date. 

 (c) The final decision cannot be issued until the public comment period has ended and any 

comments received during the public comment period have been considered. 

 (8) Requesting a public hearing. The applicant, any interested governmental entity, any group, 

or any person may request a public hearing within the thirty-day public comment period. All 

hearing requests must be submitted to the permitting authority in writing via letter, fax, or 

electronic mail. A request must indicate the interest of the entity filing it and why a hearing is 

warranted. 

 (9) Setting the hearing date and providing hearing notice. If the permitting authority 

determines that significant public interest exists, then it will hold a public hearing. The 

permitting authority will determine the location, date, and time of the public hearing. 

 (10) Notice of public hearing. 

 (a) At least thirty days prior to the hearing the permitting authority will provide notice of the

hearing as follows: 

 (i) Give public hearing notice by prominent advertisement in the area affected by the 

proposal. Prominent advertisement may be by publication in a newspaper of general circulation 

in the area of the proposed action or other means of prominent advertisement in the area affected 

by the proposal; and

 (ii) Mail the notice of public hearing to any person who submitted written comments on the 

application or requested a public hearing and in the case of a permit action, to the applicant. 

 (b) This notice must include the date, time and location of the public hearing and the 

information described in subsection (6) of this section. 

 (c) In the case of a permit action, the applicant must pay all publishing costs associated with 

meeting the requirements of this subsection. 

 (11) Notifying the EPA. The permitting authority must send a copy of the notice for all 

actions subject to a mandatory public comment period to the EPA Region 10 regional 

administrator. 

 (12) Special requirements for ecology only actions. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 66 

 (a) This subsection applies to ecology only actions including: 

 (i) A Washington state recommendation to EPA for the designation of an area as attainment, 

nonattainment or unclassifiable after EPA promulgation of a new or revised ambient air quality 

standard or for the redesignation of an unclassifiable or attainment area to nonattainment; 

 (ii) A Washington state submittal of a SIP revision to EPA for approval including plans for 

attainment and maintenance of ambient air quality standards, plans for visibility protection, 

requests for revision to the boundaries of attainment and maintenance areas, requests for 

redesignation of Class I, II, or III areas under WAC 173-400-118, and rules to strengthen the 

SIP. 

 (b) Ecology must provide a public hearing or an opportunity for requesting a public hearing 

on an ecology only action. The notice providing the opportunity for a public hearing must 

specify the manner and date by which a person may request the public hearing and either provide 

the date, time and place of the proposed hearing or specify that ecology will publish a notice 

specifying the date, time and place of the hearing at least thirty days prior to the hearing. When 

ecology provides the opportunity for requesting a public hearing, the hearing must be held if 

requested by any person. Ecology may cancel the hearing if no request is received. 

 (c) The public notice for ecology only actions must comply with the requirements of 40 

C.F.R. 51.102 in effect on July 1, 2012.

 (13) Other requirements of law. Whenever procedures permitted or mandated by law will 

accomplish the objectives of public notice and opportunity for comment, those procedures may 

be used in lieu of the provisions of this section. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-175 Public Information. 

 All information, except information protected from disclosure under any applicable law, 

including, but not limited to, RCW 70.94.205, is available for public inspection at the issuing 

agency. This includes copies of notice of construction applications, orders, and applications to 

modify orders. 

State effective: 2/10/05; EPA effective: 11/3/14
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 67 

173-400-190 Requirements for Nonattainment Areas

The development of specific requirements for nonattainment areas shall include consultation 

with local government in the area and shall include public involvement per WAC 173-400-171. 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-200 Creditable Stack Height and Dispersion Techniques. 

 (1) Applicability. These provisions shall apply to all sources except: 

 (a) Stacks for which construction had commenced on or before December 31, 1970, except 

where pollutants are being emitted from such stacks used by sources which were constructed, or 

reconstructed, or for which major modifications were carried out after December 31, 1970; 

 (b) Coal-fired steam electric generating units subject to the provisions of Section 118 of the 

Federal Clean Air Act, which commenced operation before July 1, 1957, and for whose stacks 

construction commenced before February 8, 1974; 

 (c) Flares; 

 (d) Outdoor burning for agricultural or silvicultural purposes as covered under the smoke 

management plan; 

 (e) Residential wood combustion and open burning for which episodic restrictions apply. 

 These provisions shall not be construed to limit the actual stack height. 

 (2) Prohibitions. No source may use dispersion techniques or excess stack height to meet 

ambient air quality standards or PSD increment limitations. 

 (a) Excess stack height. Excess stack height is that portion of a stack which exceeds the 

greater of: 

 (i) Sixty-five meters, measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack; or 

 (ii) Hg = H + 1.5L 

where: Hg = "good engineering practice" (GEP) stack height, measured from the ground level 

elevation at the base of the stack, 

H = height of nearby structure(s) measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the 

stack, 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 68 

L = lesser dimension, height or projected width, of nearby structure(s), subject to the proviso 

below. 

 "Nearby," as used in this subsection for purposes of applying the GEP formula means that 

distance up to five times the lesser of the height or the width dimension of a structure, but not 

greater than 0.8 kilometer (1/2 mile). 

 (b) Dispersion techniques. Increasing final exhaust gas plume rise by manipulating source 

process parameters, exhaust gas parameters, stack parameters, or combining exhaust gases from 

several existing stacks into one stack; or other selective handling of exhaust gas streams so as to 

increase the exhaust gas plume rise. This does not include: 

 (i) The reheating of a gas stream, following the use of a pollution control system, for the 

purpose of returning the gas to the temperature at which it was originally discharged from the 

facility generating the gas stream; 

 (ii) The merging of gas streams where: 

 (A) The source was originally designed and constructed with such merged gas streams, as 

demonstrated by the source owner(s) or operator(s).

 (B) Such merging is part of a change in operation at the facility that includes the installation 

of pollution controls and is accompanied by a net reduction in the allowable emissions of a 

pollutant. This exclusion shall apply only to the emission limitation for the pollutant affected by 

such change in operation. 

 (C) Before July 8, 1985, such merging was part of a change in operation at the facility that 

included the installation of emissions control equipment or was carried out for sound economic 

or engineering reasons, and not primarily motivated by an intent to gain emissions credit for 

greater dispersion. 

 (3) Exception. EPA, ecology, or a permitting authority may require the use of a field study or 

fluid model to verify the creditable stack height for the source. This also applies to a source 

seeking credit after the effective date of this rule for an increase in existing stack height up to 

that established by the GEP formula. A fluid model or field study shall be performed according 

to the procedures described in the EPA Guideline for Determination of Good Engineering 

Practice Height (Technical Support Document of the Stack Height Regulations). The creditable 

height demonstrated by a fluid model or field study shall ensure that the emissions from a stack 

do not result in excessive concentrations of any air pollutant as a result of atmospheric 

downwash, wakes, or eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures or nearby terrain 

features. 

 (a) "Nearby," as used in this subsection for conducting a field study or fluid model, means not 

greater than 0.8 km, except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 69 

which falls within a distance of up to ten times the maximum height of the feature, not to exceed 

two miles if such feature achieves a height 0.8 km from the stack that is at least forty percent of 

the GEP stack height or twenty-six meters, whichever is greater, as measured from the groundlevel elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured 

from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. 

 (b) "Excessive concentration" is defined for the purpose of determining creditable stack 

height under this subsection and means a maximum ground-level concentration owing to a 

significant downwash effect which contributes to excursion over an ambient air quality standard. 

For sources subject to PSD review (WAC 173-400-720 and 40 C.F.R. 52.21) an excessive 

concentration alternatively means a maximum ground-level concentration owing to a significant 

downwash effect which contributes to excursion over a PSD increment. The emission rate used 

in this demonstration shall be the emission rate specified in the state implementation plan, or in 

the absence of such, the actual emission rate of the source. "Significant downwash effect" means 

a maximum ground-level concentration due to emissions from a stack due in whole or in part to 

downwash, wakes, and eddy effects produced by nearby structures or nearby terrain features 

which individually is at least forty percent in excess of the maximum concentration experienced 

in the absence of such downwash, wakes, or eddy effects. 

State effective: 2/10/05; EPA effective: 11/3/14

173-400-205 Adjustment for Atmospheric Conditions

Varying the rate of emission of a pollutant according to atmospheric conditions or ambient 

concentrations of that pollutant is prohibited, except as directed according to air pollution 

episode regulations. 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-210 Emission Requirements of Prior Jurisdictions

Any emissions unit that was under the jurisdiction of an authority and now is under the 

jurisdiction of ecology, shall meet all emission requirements that were applicable prior to transfer 

of jurisdiction if those standards are more stringent than the standards of this chapter or the 

specific chapter relating to that source. 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 70 

173-400-220 Requirements for Board Members

(1) Public Interest. A majority of the members of any ecology or authority board shall represent 

the public interest. A majority of the members of such boards, shall not derive any significant 

portion of their income from persons subject to enforcement orders pursuant to the state and 

federal clean air acts. An elected public official and the board shall be presumed to represent the 

public interest. In the event that a member derives a significant portion of his/her income from 

persons subject to enforcement orders, he/she shall delegate sole responsibility for administration 

of any part of the program which involves these persons to an assistant. 

(2) Disclosure. Each member of any ecology or authority board shall adequately disclose any 

potential conflict of interest in any matter prior to any action or consideration thereon, and the 

member shall remove themselves from participation as a board member in any action or voting 

on such matter. 

(3) Define Significant Income. For the purposes of this section, "significant portion of income" 

shall mean twenty percent of gross personal income for a calendar year. In the case of a retired 

person, "significant portion of income" shall mean fifty percent of income in the form of pension 

or retirement benefits from a single source other than Social Security. Income derived from 

employment with local or state government shall not be considered in the determination of 

"significant portion of income." 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-230 Regulatory Actions

Ecology may take any of the following regulatory actions to enforce this chapter to meet the 

provisions of RCW 43.21B.300 which is incorporated by reference. 

(1) Enforcement Actions by Ecology--Notice to Violators. At least thirty days prior to the 

commencement of any formal enforcement action under RCW 70.94.430 and 70.94.431, the 

department of ecology shall cause written notice to be served upon the alleged violator or 

violators. The notice shall specify the provision of this chapter or the rule or regulation alleged 

to be violated, and the facts alleged to constitute a violation thereof, and may include an order 

that necessary corrective action be taken within a reasonable time. In lieu of an order, ecology 

may require that the alleged violator or violators appear before it for the purpose of providing 

ecology information pertaining to the violation or the charges complained of. Every notice of 

violation shall offer to the alleged violator an opportunity to meet with ecology prior to the 

commencement of enforcement action. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 71 

(2) Civil Penalties. 

(a) In addition to or as an alternate to any other penalty provided by law, any person who 

violates any of the provisions of chapter 70.94 or 70.120 RCW, or any of the rules in force under 

such chapters may incur a civil penalty in an amount as set forth in RCW 70.94.431. Each such 

violation shall be a separate and distinct offense, and in case of a continuing violation, each day's 

continuance shall be a separate and distinct violation. 

Any person who fails to take action as specified by an order issued pursuant to this chapter shall 

be liable for a civil penalty as set forth by RCW 70.94.431 for each day of continued 

noncompliance. 

(b) Penalties incurred but not paid shall accrue interest, beginning on the ninety-first day 

following the date that the penalty becomes due and payable, at the highest rate allowed by RCW 

19.52.020 on the date that the penalty becomes due and payable. If violations or penalties are 

appealed, interest shall not begin to accrue until the thirty-first day following final resolution of 

the appeal. 

The maximum penalty amounts established in RCW 70.94.431 may be increased annually to 

account for inflation as determined by the state office of the economic and revenue forecast 

council. 

(c) Each act of commission or omission which procures, aids, or abets in the violation shall be 

considered a violation under the provisions of this section and subject to the same penalty. The 

penalties provided in this section shall be imposed pursuant to RCW 43.21B.300. 

(d) All penalties recovered under this section by ecology shall be paid into the state treasury and 

credited to the air pollution control account established in RCW 70.94.015 or, if recovered by the 

authority, shall be paid into the treasury of the authority and credited to its funds. If a prior 

penalty for the same violation has been paid to a local authority, the penalty imposed by ecology 

under subsection (a) of this section shall be reduced by the amount of the payment. 

(e) To secure the penalty incurred under this section, the state or the authority shall have a lien 

on any vessel used or operated in violation of this chapter which shall be enforced as provided in 

RCW 60.36.050. 

(f) Public or private entities that are recipients or potential recipients of ecology grants, whether

for air quality related activities or not, may have such grants rescinded or withheld by ecology 

for failure to comply with provisions of this chapter. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 72 

(g) In addition to other penalties provided by this chapter, persons knowingly under-reporting 

emissions or other information used to set fees, or persons required to pay emission or permit 

fees who are more than ninety days late with such payments may be subject to a penalty equal to 

three times the amount of the original fee owed. 

(3) Assurance of discontinuance. Personnel of ecology or an authority may accept an assurance 

of discontinuance of any act or practice deemed in violation of this chapter. Any such assurance 

shall specify a time limit during which discontinuance is to be accomplished. Failure to perform 

the terms of any such assurance shall constitute prima facie proof of a violation of this chapter or 

any order issued thereunder which make the alleged act or practice unlawful for the purpose of 

securing an injunction or other relief from the superior court. 

(4) Restraining orders, injunctions. Whenever any person has engaged in, or is about to engage 

in, any acts or practices which constitute or will constitute a violation of any provision of this 

chapter, the director, after notice to such person and an opportunity to comply, may petition the 

superior court of the county wherein the violation is alleged to be occurring or to have occurred 

for a restraining order or a temporary or permanent injunction or another appropriate order. 

(5) Emergency episodes. Ecology may issue such orders as authorized by chapter 173-435 

WAC via chapter 70.94 RCW, whenever an air pollution episode forecast is declared. 

(6) Compliance orders. Ecology may issue a compliance order in conjunction with a notice of 

violation. The order shall require the recipient of the notice of violation either to take necessary 

corrective action or to submit a plan for corrective action and a date when such action will be 

initiated. 

State effective: 3/20/93; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-240 Criminal Penalties

Persons in violation of Title 173 WAC may be subject to the provisions of RCW 70.94.430. 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-250 Appeals

Decisions and orders of ecology or an authority may be appealed to the pollution control 

hearings board pursuant to chapter 43.21B RCW and chapter 371-08 WAC. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 73 

State effective: 9/20/93; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-260 Conflict of Interest

All board members and officials acting or voting on decisions affecting air pollution sources, 

must comply with the Federal Clean Air Act, as it pertains to conflict of interest, and 40 CFR 

103(d) which is incorporated by reference. 

State effective: 3/22/91; EPA effective: 6/2/95 

173-400-560 General Order of Approval. 

 In lieu of filing a notice of construction application under WAC 173-400-110, the owner or 

operator may apply for coverage under a general order of approval issued under this section. 

Coverage under a general order of approval satisfies the requirement for new source review 

under RCW 70.94.152. 

 (1) Issuance of general orders of approval. A permitting authority may issue a general order 

of approval applicable to a specific type of emission unit or source, not including nonroad 

engines as defined in section 216 of the Federal Clean Air Act, subject to the conditions in this 

section. A general order of approval shall identify criteria by which an emission unit or source 

may qualify for coverage under the associated general order of approval and shall include terms 

and conditions under which the owner or operator agrees to install and/or operate the covered 

emission unit or source. At a minimum, these terms and conditions shall include: 

 (a) Applicable emissions limitations and/or control requirements; 

 (b) Best available control technology; 

 (c) Appropriate operational restrictions, such as: 

 (i) Criteria related to the physical size of the unit(s) covered; 

 (ii) Criteria related to raw materials and fuels used; 

 (iii) Criteria related to allowed or prohibited locations; and 

 (iv) Other similar criteria determined by a permitting authority; 

 (d) Monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping requirements to ensure compliance with the 

applicable emission limits and control requirements; 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 74 

 (e) Appropriate initial and periodic emission testing requirements; 

 (f) Compliance with chapter 173-460 WAC, WAC 173-400-112 and 173-400-113 as 

applicable; 

 (g) Compliance with 40 C.F.R. Parts 60, 61, 62, and 63; and 

 (h) The application and approval process to obtain coverage under the specific general order 

of approval. 

 (2) Public comment. Compliance with WAC 173-400-171 is required for a proposed new 

general order of approval or modification of an existing general order of approval. 

 (3) Modification of general orders of approval. A permitting authority may review and 

modify a general order of approval at any time. Only the permitting authority that issued a 

general order of approval may modify that general order of approval. Modifications to general 

orders of approval shall follow the procedures of this regulation and shall only take effect 

prospectively. 

 (4) Application for coverage under a general order of approval. 

 (a) In lieu of applying for an individual order of approval under WAC 173-400-110, an owner 

or operator of an emission unit or source may apply for and receive coverage from a permitting 

authority under a general order of approval if: 

 (i) The owner or operator of the emission unit or source applies for coverage under a general 

order of approval in accordance with this regulation and any conditions of the approval related to 

application for and granting coverage under the general order of approval; 

 (ii) The emission unit or source meets all the qualifications listed in the requested general 

order of approval; 

 (iii) The requested emission unit or source is not part of a new major stationary source or 

major modification of a major stationary source subject to the requirements of WAC 173-400-

113 (3) and (4), 173-400-700 through 173-400-750 or 173-400-800 through 173-400-860; and 

 (iv) The requested emission unit or source does not trigger applicability of the operating 

permit program under chapter 173-401 WAC or trigger a required modification of an existing 

operating permit. 

 (b) Owners or operators of emission units or sources applying for coverage under a general 

order of approval shall do so using the forms supplied by a permitting authority and include the 

required fee. The application must include all information necessary to determine qualification 

for, and to assure compliance with, a general order of approval. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 75 

 (c) An application shall be incomplete until a permitting authority has received any required 

fees. 

 (d) The owner or operator of a new source or modification of an existing source that qualifies 

for coverage under a general order of approval may not begin actual construction of the new 

source or modification until its application for coverage has been approved or accepted under the 

procedures established in subsection (5) of this section. 

 (5) Processing applications for coverage under a general order of approval. Each general 

order of approval shall include a section on how an applicant is to request coverage and how the 

permitting authority will grant coverage. The section of the general order of approval will 

include either the method in (a) or (b) of this subsection to describe the process for the applicant 

to be granted coverage. 

 (a) Within thirty days of receipt of an application for coverage under a general order of 

approval, the permitting authority shall notify an applicant in writing that the application is 

incomplete, approved, or denied. If an application is incomplete, the permitting authority shall 

notify an applicant of the information needed to complete the application. If an application is 

denied, the permitting authority shall notify an applicant of the reasons why the application is 

denied. Coverage under a general order of approval is effective as of the date of issuance of 

approval by the permitting authority. 

 (b) The applicant is approved for coverage under the general order of approval thirty-one days 

after an application for coverage is received by the permitting authority, unless the owner or 

operator receives a letter from the permitting authority, postmarked within thirty days of when 

the application for coverage was received by the permitting authority, notifying the owner or 

operator that the emissions unit or source does not qualify for coverage under the general order 

of approval. The letter denying coverage shall notify the applicant of the disqualification and the 

reasons why coverage is denied. 

 (6) Termination of coverage under a general order of approval. An owner or operator who has 

received approval of an application for coverage under a general order of approval may later 

request to be excluded from coverage under that general order of approval by applying to the 

same permitting authority for an individual order of approval, under WAC 173-400-110, or for 

coverage under another general order of approval. If the same permitting authority issues an 

individual order of approval or other permit or order serving the same purpose as the original 

general order of approval, or approves coverage under a different general order of approval, 

coverage under the original general order of approval is automatically terminated, effective on 

the effective date of the individual order of approval, order or permit or new general order of 

approval. 
TABLE 2 -- ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPROVED FOR WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF 

ECOLOGY (ECOLOGY) DIRECT JURISDICTION – page 76 

 (7) Failure to qualify or comply. An owner or operator who requests and is granted approval 

for coverage under a general order of approval shall be subject to enforcement action for 

establishment of a new source in violation of WAC 173-400-110 if a decision to grant coverage 

under a general order of approval was based upon erroneous information submitted by the 

applicant. 

State effective: 12/29/12; EPA effective: 11/3/14