FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC U IT MAY 31 , 2006 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 15739 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C. D o c k e tN o . 0 5 - 0 0 1 4 5 - CR- CG U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s H A R O L D F R A N K L I N W A L T E R S , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e So u th e rn D i s tr i c to f A l ab a ma

_________________________ ( M ay 31, 2006) B efo re D U B IN A , B A R K E T T an d H U L L , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: H a r o ld F r a n k lin W a lte r s ap p e a ls h is c o n v ic tio n f o rp o s s e s s io n o f

c h ild2

p o rn o g r ap h y th a tw a s tr a n s p o r t e d i n i n t e r s t a t e c o mme r c e , i n v i o l a t i o n o f 1 8 U . S. C. § 2 2 5 2 A ( a ) ( 5 ) ( B ) . O n ap p e a l, W a lte r s a r g u e s th a t th e r e w a s n o e v id e n c e to s ugge s ttha thi s r e c e i ptof c hi l d pornogr aphy ove rthe i nt e rne tha d ac onne c t i on t o, or an i m pactup on , i nt er st at e c om m er ce , and thu s, char gi ng hi m un der § 2252A ( a ) ( 5) ( B ) w a s pl a i n e rr or . H e c ont e nds tha tthe i ntr a s t a t e pos s e s s i on of c hi l d pornogr aphy f

ornon- c om m e r c i a l purpos e s doe s notha ve a n i m pa c ton i nt er st at e c om m er ce , and the appl i ca t i on of § 2 25 2A i n the i nst antca se w as u n c o n s titu tio n a l. W e f

in d n o m e r it to W a lte r s ’ a r g u m e n t. W e have hel d that“ the i nt erneti s an i nstrum ent al i ty of i nt er st at e c om m er ce .

. . [a nd ] C on gres s c l ea rl y has the po w ert o regul at e the i nt ernet , as i tdo es other i ns trum e nt a l i t i e s a nd c ha nne l s of i nt e r s t a t e c om m e r c e , a nd t o pr ohi bi ti t s us e f or harm ful or i m m oral pu rposes re gardl es s of w hether tho se pu rposes w ou l d h ave a pr i m a r i l y i ntr a s t a t e i m pa c t . ” U ni t e d S t a t e s v. H orna da y , 392 F . 3d 1306, 1311 (1 1 th C ir. 2 0 0 4 ). M o re re ce n tl y, w e c o n clu d ed th at “i t i s w ith in C o n g re ss ’s autho ri ty t o regul at e a l l i ntra st at e posse ss i on of chi l d p orno graphy, no tj ustthat w h ic h h a s tr a v e le d in in te r s ta te c o m m e r c e o rh a s b e e n p r o d u c e d u s in g m a te r ia ls tha tha ve tr a ve l e d i n i nt e r s t a t e c om m e r c e . ” U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M a xw e l l , N o. 03- 1 4 3 2 6 , m a n u s c r ip t o p . a t 1 8 ( 1 1 th C ir . A p r . 2 0 , 2 0 0 6 ) . U pon r e vi e w of

the r e c or d, w e di s c e rn no r e ve r s i bl e e rr or . A ttr i a l , the3

go vernm entprov ed, throu gh w i tness t es t i m on y a nd fore nsi c a nal ys i s, thatW al t er s dow nl oa de d pornogr aphi c i m a ge s us i ng the i nt e rne t , w hi c h i s a n i ns trum e ntof in te r s ta te c o m m e r c e . A s s u c h , th e r e w a s n o c o n s titu tio n a l e rr o rin th e in d ic tm e n t, a nd w e a f

f i rm W a l t e r s ’ s c onvi c t i on. AF F I RME D.