IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT NASHVILLE

May 13, 2015 Session

TIMOTHY GUILFOY v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County

No. 2011-A-779 Monte Watkins, Judge

No. M2014-01619-CCA-R3-PC – Filed August 14, 2015

_____________________________

The Petitioner, Timothy Guilfoy, appeals from the denial of his petition for postconviction relief. On appeal, the Petitioner argues that he received ineffective assistance 

of counsel. Upon review, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which JAMES 

CURWOOD WITT, JR., and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JJ., joined.

James O. Martin, III, and Patrick T. McNally, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Appellant, 

Timothy Guilfoy.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Brent C. Cherry, Senior Counsel;

Victor S. Johnson III, District Attorney General; and Roger Moore, Assistant District 

Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.

OPINION

Trial

On direct appeal, this court summarized the procedural history of the case and the 

facts at trial as follows:1

 

1 To assist in the resolution of this proceeding, we take judicial notice of the record from the 

Petitioner‟s direct appeal. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(c); State v. Lawson, 291 S.W.3d 864, 869 (Tenn. 

2009); State ex rel Wilkerson v. Bomar, 376 S.W.2d 451, 453 (Tenn. 1964).
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In June 2009, [the Petitioner] was charged with three counts of 

aggravated sexual battery against J.A.,2a victim less than thirteen years old; 

two counts of aggravated sexual battery against T.A., a victim less than 

thirteen years old; four counts of aggravated sexual battery against A.A., a 

victim less than thirteen years old; and four counts of rape of a child against 

A.A. All of the aggravated sexual battery offenses were alleged to have 

taken place “on a date between October 1, 2005 and September 20, 2008.”

All of the rape of a child offenses were alleged to have taken place “on a 

date between July 1, 2007 and September 30, 2008.” On March 30, 2011, 

the State entered a nolle prosequi as to these charges.

On March 11, 2011, [the Petitioner] was charged with four counts of 

aggravated sexual battery against J.A., a victim less than thirteen years old 

(Counts One through Four); one count of aggravated sexual battery against 

T. A., a victim less than thirteen years old (Count 5); and three counts of 

rape of a child against T.A. (Counts Six through Eight). All of these 

offenses but the one alleged in Count Eight were alleged to have taken 

place “on a date between October 1, 2005 and September 30, 2008.” The 

offense alleged in Count Eight was alleged to have occurred “on a date 

between July 1, 2007 and September 30, 2008.”

[The Petitioner] initially was tried before a jury in July 2011, and a 

hung jury resulted. [The Petitioner] was retried before a jury in October 

2011, during which the State nolled Count Five. At [the Petitioner]‟s 

second jury trial, the following proof was adduced:

Jennifer A., the victims‟ mother (“Mother”), testified that, when she 

and her three daughters moved to Nashville from Indiana in 2005, they 

began living at the Biltmore Apartments. Her father, Brian Schiff 

(“Grandfather”), was living there at the time, and they moved in with him. 

It was a two-bedroom apartment, and she described the living conditions as 

“pretty crunched.” After several months, Grandfather purchased a nearby 

house on Saturn Drive, and they all moved into the house. Mother stated 

that, when they moved into the house on Saturn Drive, it had an unfinished 

basement and an unfinished attic. She used the attic as her bedroom except 

in the summertime. The girls slept on the main floor but did not have their 

own separate bedroom. The girls‟ sleeping accommodations included a 

bunk bed, a futon, and a couch that pulled out to a bed. Usually, J.A. slept 

in the top bunk of the bunk bed.

 

2 As is the policy of this court, minor victims are identified by their initials.
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While they were still living in the apartment, Mother became 

acquainted with [the Petitioner]. He and his roommate lived next door to 

them. [The Petitioner] came to visit Mother and her family in Mother‟s 

apartment. Mother and her family also visited [the Petitioner] in his 

apartment. Mother described their relationship as “friends” and denied that 

there was ever any romantic interest on either her or [the Petitioner]‟s part. 

She added that [the Petitioner] was a “really good friend.”

Not long after Mother and her family moved to the house on Saturn 

Drive, [the Petitioner] moved out of his apartment to another location in 

Nashville. [The Petitioner] visited them at their house on Saturn Drive. A 

few months later, [the Petitioner] moved to Missouri. [The Petitioner]

continued to stay in touch through phone calls and visits.

Mother explained that [the Petitioner] worked in marketing tours and 

would come to Nashville to participate in events such as the “CMA 

festival.” He usually would drive to town in a tour vehicle, and he would 

stay with Mother and her family at the Saturn Drive house. In this way, he 

was able to keep the per diem he was paid for hotels. Mother stated that 

she and her daughters enjoyed having [the Petitioner] stay with them.

Mother stated that it was not her intention that [the Petitioner] spend 

the night sleeping in any of the girls‟ beds, but she knew that he did 

because she would find him in one of their beds in the morning. She 

remembered one particular occasion when she saw [the Petitioner] in bed 

with J.A. in the top bunk of the bunk bed. At that time, the bunk bed was in 

the dining room. She also recalled finding [the Petitioner] in bed with T.A. 

on “[m]ultiple” occasions. She did not say anything to [the Petitioner]

about his presence in bed with her children.

In May of 2008, Mother, the girls, and [the Petitioner] planned a 

camping trip to celebrate J.A. and Mother‟s birthdays, which were close 

together in time. Mother stated that they camped two nights, and everyone 

had a good time.

Mother decided that she wanted to leave Nashville and move to 

Clarksville. [The Petitioner] had expressed an interest in real estate 

investment, specifically, purchasing a house and renting it out. When 

Mother told him she was interested in moving to Clarksville, he purchased 

a house there, and she rented it from him. She stated that the rent was $700 

a month. She also testified that [the Petitioner] told her that she “wouldn‟t 

ever have to worry about just being kicked out of the house.” Mother 
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testified that [the Petitioner] realized that she “might not always be able to 

come up with seven hundred dollars.” She also stated that [the Petitioner]

was welcome to spend the night there. She added that it “was supposed to 

be a permanent move.”

One morning in Clarksville, after the girls had gotten on the bus to 

go to school, Mother spoke with Grandfather over the phone. Grandfather 

told her that J.A. had told him “what happened.” After her conversation 

with Grandfather about what J.A. had told him, Mother retrieved her 

daughters from school. Mother subsequently spoke with J.A. and T.A. and 

then she called 911. Two deputies from the Montgomery County Sheriff‟s 

Department responded and she relayed to them what J.A. and T.A. had told 

her. Mother testified that she called the police regarding the instant 

allegations on or about March 15th, 2009. [The Petitioner] had been there 

three days previously.

In conjunction with the ensuing investigation, Mother made several 

recorded phone calls to [the Petitioner]. She made these calls in March 

2009. Mother and her family remained in [the Petitioner]‟s house for about 

one more month. [The Petitioner] did not serve her with an eviction notice.

On cross-examination, Mother admitted that she and [the Petitioner]

had a formal lease agreement regarding the house. She did not mail rent 

payments to [the Petitioner] but deposited them twice a month into a bank 

account [the Petitioner] had established. She also admitted that, whenever 

[the Petitioner] came to visit, her daughters “rushed to the door and hugged 

him.” She did not see either J.A. or T.A. acting frightened around [the 

Petitioner]. She acknowledged that, when J.A. was six and seven years old, 

she was wetting the bed and wore pull-ups.

Mother testified that, when [the Petitioner] was staying with them, 

she usually fell asleep before he did. She did not tell him where to sleep. 

While they were living on Saturn Drive, the girls would fight over who got 

to sleep with [the Petitioner]. She did not intervene in these discussions.

Mother acknowledged that she and her daughters moved to 

Clarksville in September 2008. She already had been attending a junior 

college in Clarksville during the summer months. She was not able to pay 

September‟s rent, so [the Petitioner] told her that she could pay it later by 

increasing the rent due in subsequent months. In October, she dropped out 

of school. She paid part of her rent for the months of October and 

November. She got a job in December and was able to pay December and 
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January rent. She was fired in February. She earlier had told [the 

Petitioner] that she would file her federal income tax return early in order to 

get her refund and pay him some of the money she owed him. She, 

however, did not get a refund. Mother remained in the house through at 

least a portion of May.

Mother admitted that, in early March 2009, [the Petitioner] told her 

that he was having a hard time making the mortgage payments on the 

house. She denied that he told her that, if she could not pay the rent, he 

would have to get a tenant who could.

J.A., born on May 22, 2000, and eleven years old at the time of trial, 

testified that she had two older sisters, T.A. and A.A. She began living in 

Nashville “quite a few years ago” in an apartment. She lived with her 

sisters, Mother, and Grandfather. [The Petitioner], whom J.A. identified at 

trial, lived in the apartment next door.

J.A. and her family later moved into a nearby house. The house had 

a basement, attic, and main floor. Sometimes, Mother used the attic as her 

bedroom. Grandfather used the basement as his living area. Sometimes the 

girls used the dining room as their bedroom. They used a regular bed and a 

bunk bed. J.A. usually slept in the upper bunk bed.

Sometimes [the Petitioner] would spend the night at the house. On 

some of these occasions, [the Petitioner] would sleep in J.A.‟s bunk bed 

with her. J.A. testified that, on one of these occasions, [the Petitioner]

touched her “private” with his hand. She stated that he touched her skin by 

putting his hand down the front of her pants. She also stated that his hand 

moved and that she got up and went to the bathroom. She then went to 

sleep with one of her sisters. J.A. testified that [the Petitioner] touched her 

in this manner on more than one occasion. J.A. stated that, when [the 

Petitioner] touched her while in bed with her, she was not sure if [the 

Petitioner] was awake at the time the touchings occurred.

J.A. also testified that, at another time, she was sitting on [the 

Petitioner]‟s lap on the couch. [The Petitioner] put his hand down the back 

of her pants and then slid his hand under her legs. He touched her “private” 

on her skin. When shown a drawing of a girl‟s body, J.A. identified the 

genital region as the area she referred to as her “private.”
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J.A. went camping with her family and [the Petitioner] for J.A.‟s 

eighth birthday. This trip occurred after the touchings about which J.A. 

testified. [The Petitioner] did not touch her inappropriately on this trip.

After a while, J.A. decided to tell Grandfather what had happened. 

This was some time after she and her family left the house on Saturn Drive 

and moved into a house in Clarksville that [the Petitioner] owned.

Grandfather remained in the house on Saturn Drive. When she told 

Grandfather what [the Petitioner] had done, he told her to tell Mother. She 

did not do so, however, because she did not think Mother would believe 

her. Some time later, Grandfather told Mother what J.A. had told him but 

did not identify [the Petitioner]. J.A. then told Mother what had happened. 

According to J.A., Mother then told her boyfriend. J.A. and T.A. went to 

school, but Mother came and got them out of school a little later. She took 

them home and “called the cops.” J.A. subsequently was interviewed by a 

woman named Anne. The interview was videotaped. J.A. also visited a 

doctor, who examined her. She did not remember what she told the doctor 

but testified that she would have told the truth.

On cross-examination, J.A. stated that the touching on the couch 

occurred while she was in second grade. At the time, her sisters were in the 

room with her. Also home at the time were Grandfather, her grandmother, 

Mother, and Mother's boyfriend, “Bob-o.” J.A. acknowledged that [the 

Petitioner]‟s visits were sometimes short, and he did not spend the night. 

She and her sisters were glad to see [the Petitioner] during his visits. She 

did not remember [the Petitioner‟s] taking her anywhere by herself. He 

never said anything to her that made her uncomfortable.

J.A. admitted that, at the time the touchings occurred, she wore a 

“pull-up” because she had a problem with bed-wetting. She stated that she 

did not know if she was wearing a pull-up when [the Petitioner] touched 

her on the occasions she testified about. She also stated that [the Petitioner]

had been lying behind her and she was facing away from him. She did not 

know if he was awake or asleep when the touching occurred. She stated 

that she had watched the videotape of her interview twice.

On redirect examination, J.A. stated that the only thing about [the 

Petitioner] she did not like was the touchings. She never got mad at him or 

fought with him. She never saw her sisters or Mother be mad at him. 

When asked how many times [the Petitioner] touched her inappropriately, 

she responded, “Maybe three or four times.”
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T.A., born on February 26, 1999, and twelve years old at the time of 

trial, testified that she currently lived in Florida with her two sisters, her 

brother, her father, and her stepmother. She previously had lived in 

Nashville with her two sisters, Mother, and Grandfather. She was the 

middle of three daughters.

T.A. identified [the Petitioner] and stated that he lived next door to 

them while they lived in an apartment in Nashville. T.A. and her family 

later moved to a house on Saturn Drive. She stated that, while the family 

lived there, they frequently changed the furniture arrangements because the 

house was small. At one point, the family room was set up with a bunk bed 

and a futon. Another time, the bunk bed and a queen-size bed were in the 

dining room. Usually, T.A. and J.A. slept in the bunk bed, with T.A. on the 

bottom bunk. T.A.‟s older sister, A.A., usually slept in the queen-size bed.

Sometimes, T.A. would sleep on the futon in the family room to “get away 

from [her] sisters.”

T.A. testified that [the Petitioner] spent the night at the house on 

Saturn Drive “maybe three times.” On these occasions, [the Petitioner]

slept in the family room or the dining room. On one particular occasion, 

[the Petitioner] slept in T.A.‟s bed. She testified: “I was about to go to bed.

It was either on the futon or the bunk bed. I‟m not too sure. He had 

climbed in the bed, and I was already laying down. And he rolled me over 

and put his hand down my pants.” [The Petitioner] touched her “private 

part” with his finger, on her skin. She added that [the Petitioner]‟s finger 

“went inside [her] private part.” She left her bed and got in bed with her 

big sister. She added that she was “not too sure” if [the Petitioner] was 

awake when this occurred.

T.A. testified that, on another occasion, she was laying on her bunk 

bed when [the Petitioner] came in and started touching her. She tried to get 

up, but he held her down. He touched her private part with his finger again, 

and she “just started crying.” She got up, telling him that she had to go to 

the bathroom. She left and stayed away. T.A. stated that [the Petitioner]

had touched her on “[t]he inside.” She also stated that this episode caused 

her to “want to puke.”

T.A. testified that, in response to [the Petitioner]‟s actions, she 

started wearing khaki pants to bed because they did not have an elastic 

waistband. She stated that [the Petitioner] touched her another time while 

she was wearing her khaki pants and that he unzipped and unbuttoned 
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them. This happened on her bunk bed. She testified, “[h]e touched me 

with his finger on [her] private part on [her] skin on the inside.”

T.A. testified that the Defendant touched her more than three times. 

The touchings were similar to one another. When asked to indicate on a 

drawing the parts of the body that the Defendant touched, T.A. indicated 

the female genitalia. When asked what she meant by “inside,” she 

indicated, as reported by the prosecutor for the record, “the outer labia of 

the female genitalia.”

T.A. stated that the touchings occurred before the family camping 

trip that they took for J.A.‟s eighth birthday. She stated that she never told 

anyone about the touchings. She recalled J.A. telling Grandfather, 

however, and she remembered when Mother spoke with them while they 

were waiting for the school bus. T.A. testified that J.A. told Mother what 

had happened and that Mother began to cry. Both the girls began to cry, 

too. Nevertheless, the girls got on the bus and went to school.

Mother picked them up from school early that day, and they went to 

the District Attorney‟s office. There, T.A. spoke with Anne Fisher. T.A. 

since had watched the videotape of her interview with Fisher. After the 

interview, T.A. was examined by a doctor.

T.A. testified that she liked [the Petitioner] other than his touching 

her. She testified that her mother and [the Petitioner] were good friends.

On cross-examination, T.A. acknowledged that, in July 2011, she 

testified that [the Petitioner] had not touched her in the same place that a 

tampon would go. Rather, she had earlier testified that he touched her 

“[l]ike on top of it,” “[l]ike not literally on the outside, but like on the 

outside of it, yes, but like inside,” and “[b]ut on the top, like where 

something else—like I don‟t know. Yeah. It wasn‟t like literally inside, 

inside, but it practically was. Yes.” On cross-examination at trial, she 

testified that [the Petitioner] touched her inside, where a tampon goes.

T.A. admitted that [the Petitioner] never had threatened her, never 

had told her that they had a secret, and never had promised her anything for 

her silence. He did not speak with her about sex or boyfriends, and he 

never said anything that made her uncomfortable. He never pressed his 

body against hers, never made her touch his “private part,” and never 

showed his “private part” to her.
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On redirect examination, T.A. explained that [the Petitioner] had 

visited them in the house on Saturn Drive more than four times, but that he 

would not stay more than three days per visit.

Chris Gilmore testified that he was a school resource officer with the 

Cheatham County Sheriff‟s Department but previously had been employed 

as a police officer with the Clarksville Police Department. On March 18, 

2009, he responded to Mother‟s address on an allegation of child rape.

From Mother, he gathered basic information. He did not speak to any 

children. He notified the appropriate persons within the police department 

for follow-up.

Detective Ginger Fleischer of the Clarksville City Police Department 

testified that she was assigned to investigate the matter reported by Mother. 

Because the alleged criminal conduct had taken place in Nashville, she 

contacted the appropriate Nashville authorities. Detective Fleischer and 

Detective Fleming of the Davidson County Police Department determined 

that a “controlled phone call” between Mother and [the Petitioner] would be 

helpful to the investigation. She explained to Mother that the phone call 

would be monitored and recorded. The phone call was scheduled to take 

place on March 24, 2009, the day after the forensic interview of the 

children. On that day, Mother made three phone calls to [the Petitioner], 

and all three phone calls were recorded and transcribed. The recordings 

were admitted into evidence and played for the jury. A fourth recorded 

phone call was made by Mother to [the Petitioner] on the next day. This 

recording also was admitted into evidence and played for the jury. 

Additionally, the transcripts of all the recorded phone calls were admitted.

Hollye Gallion, a pediatric nurse practitioner with the Our Kids 

Center in Nashville, testified that she performed medical examinations on 

J.A. and T.A. on April 21, 2009. In conjunction with performing the 

exams, she reviewed the medical history reports given by the children to a 

social worker. J.A. reported that “a guy named Tim” had touched the 

outside of her butt and the outside of her “tootie” with his hands, explaining 

that she “pee[d]” out of her “tootie.” J.A. reported that the touching had 

occurred more than once. Asked if she remembered the first time, J.A. 

reported, “It was in our old house in Nashville; I was around six or seven 

years old.”

Gallion testified that J.A.‟s physical examination was “normal.” She 

did not find “any injuries or concerns of infection.” She also stated that the 

results of the physical examination were consistent with the medical history 
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that J.A. reported. Gallion added, “Touching typically doesn‟t leave any 

sort of evidence or injury.”

Gallion testified that, in giving her medical history to the social 

worker, T.A. reported that [the Petitioner] had touched the outside of her 

“too-too” with his hand, explaining that she “pee[d]” from her “too-too.” 

T.A. reported that the touching had occurred more than once and that she 

was “around five or six” the first time. On conducting a physical exam, 

Gallion concluded that T.A.‟s genital area and her “bottom” “looked 

completely healthy and normal.” Gallion added that T.A.‟s “physical exam 

was very consistent with what her history was.”

Anne Fisher Post, a forensic interviewer employed by the 

Montgomery County Child Advocacy Center, testified that she conducted 

forensic interviews of J.A. and T.A. These interviews were recorded and, 

without any contemporaneous objection from [the Petitioner], the 

recordings were admitted into evidence but were not played for the jury in 

open court.

State v. Timothy P. Guilfoy, M2012-00600-CCA-R3-CD, 2013 WL 1965996, *1-8

(Tenn. Crim. App. May 13, 2013). At the close of its case-in-chief, the State delivered an 

election of offenses which corresponded with details from each victim‟s testimony. Id. at 

*8-9.

On direct appeal, this court merged two of the Petitioner‟s convictions for 

aggravated sexual battery against J.A. and two of the Petitioner‟s convictions for rape of 

a child against T.A. Id. at *18, *21. Additionally, this court concluded that challenges to 

the testimonies of Hollye Gallion and Anne Fisher Post, as well as the admission of the 

recorded phone calls and forensic interviews, were waived by trial counsel‟s failure to 

contemporaneously object and that the Petitioner was not entitled to plain error relief. Id.

at *12-14.

Post-Conviction Proceedings

The Petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief alleging ineffective 

assistance of counsel. At the post-conviction hearing, trial counsel testified that he did 

not object to the introduction of the recorded forensic interviews as substantive evidence 

at trial and that he did not request that a limiting instruction be given to the jury. Trial 

counsel recalled that he went through the forensic interviews and redacted any reference 

to incidents that happened outside of Davidson County or incidents that involved a third 

victim, A.A. He identified the portions of the interview that needed to be redacted by 

looking for references to A.A., to “things that „happened at the new house,‟” or to “things 
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that „happened where we live now.‟” Trial counsel recalled that he redacted statements 

from T.A. regarding incidents that happened in Montgomery County. However, trial 

counsel admitted that the redacted version of the video included the following statement:

Interviewer: Okay. So, you‟ve told me about a time he put his hand in 

your pants and touched your private part and nothing went inside. And you 

told me about a couple of times when he touched your private part and his 

finger went inside.

Trial counsel confirmed that at least two of the three events included in the interviewer‟s 

summary occurred in Montgomery County.

Trial counsel explained that he did not object to the admission of the videorecorded forensic interview because he believed that, when a victim was impeached, the 

victim‟s prior consistent statements were admissible as to the subject of the victim‟s 

credibility. He expected the trial court to give a limiting instruction to the jury and failed 

to notice that no limiting instruction was given.

Trial counsel also recalled that controlled phone calls between the Petitioner and 

the victims‟ mother were introduced into evidence. Trial counsel did not file any pretrial 

motions to suppress the introduction of the phone calls, but he did redact the phone calls 

because they contained references to incidents that happened in Montgomery County. In 

a portion of the recorded phone calls, the Petitioner stated, “[H]ad said it was me?” In 

the redacted version, a portion of what the victims‟ mother said to the Petitioner 

immediately before he made that statement was removed. Trial counsel agreed that, 

taken out of context, the Petitioner‟s statement could have been characterized as having a 

guilty mind. Trial counsel stated that his failure to redact that portion of the recorded 

phone call must have been an oversight. 

Trial counsel also admitted that the unredacted phone calls included a statement 

from the Petitioner where he admits that he woke up one time to find T.A. on top of him. 

When he attempted to push her off of him, his fingers went inside her underwear. This 

incident occurred in Montgomery County. In the redacted version, the location of the 

incident was taken out, but the details of the incident remained.

Trial counsel explained that his theory of defense during the second trial was to

demonstrate “the implausibility of the allegations” against the Petitioner. Trial counsel 

recalled that, during the first trial, he extensively cross-examined the victims‟ mother 

about the particular dates the incidents were alleged to have occurred. Trial counsel used 

a large poster board to create a diagram of the alleged dates and then, through other 

witnesses, demonstrated that the Petitioner was not in Nashville on the dates in question. 
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However, trial counsel did not use the same technique during the second trial. He 

explained:

My thinking was, the lack of specificity, with regard to dates, was a 

weakness in the State‟s case for the first trial. And in the second trial, 

obviously, they would fix that, they would be prepared for what I was 

doing. So, my thinking was, the second trial we would present our case 

differently, because if we tried the same case twice the State would be able 

to anticipate everything we did.

Trial counsel also recalled that the State‟s direct examination of the victims‟ mother was 

essentially the same in each trial. Trial counsel agreed that he could have addressed in 

the second trial the issue of dates in order to demonstrate the implausibility of the 

allegations against the Petitioner.

Trial counsel also confirmed that he did not object to the respective testimony of 

Ms. Gallion and Ms. Post. He agreed that their respective testimony could have bolstered 

the victims‟ testimony.

On cross-examination, trial counsel stated that he was one of about six attorneys 

who regularly represented clients charged with child sex abuse. He stated that it was 

common for there to be no unbiased adult eyewitnesses in such cases. Often, such cases 

turned on the victim‟s credibility. Trial counsel recalled that the State‟s general practice 

in such cases would be to have the nurse practitioner qualified as an expert witness, but 

he did not know whether the forensic interviewer was qualified as an expert. He also 

recalled that he met with the prosecutor about redacting statements from the recorded 

phone calls, and the prosecutor agreed to “redact everything we wanted redacted.”

Kathleen Byers, the Petitioner‟s sister, testified that she was present at both trials. 

After the jury was released to deliberate in the second trial, Ms. Byers asked trial counsel 

if she had time to get lunch before the jury returned. Trial counsel told her that she likely 

did because the jurors had requested that a TV and viewing equipment be brought into 

the jury room so they could “watch the video.”

The post-conviction court denied relief, noting that trial counsel admitted that his 

failure to object to improperly admitted evidence was not meant to further a defensive 

strategy and that “several other instances of alleged deficient performance” were due to 

oversights on the part of trial counsel. However, the post-conviction court held that, even 

if the Petitioner‟s allegations were true, trial counsel‟s deficiencies did not result in 

prejudice. This timely appeal followed.
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Analysis

On appeal, the Petitioner contends that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to: 

(1) properly redact the video of T.A.‟s forensic interview; (2) object to the admission of 

the forensic interviews as substantive evidence; (3) properly redact the recordings of the 

controlled phone calls; (4) present an alibi defense; (5) object to Ms. Gallion‟s testimony 

regarding the results of T.A.‟s medical exam; and (6) object to Ms. Post‟s testimony that 

victims could not realistically be expected to remember details of events.

In order to prevail on a petition for post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove 

all factual allegations by clear and convincing evidence. Jaco v. State, 120 S.W.3d 828, 

830 (Tenn. 2003). Post-conviction relief cases often present mixed questions of law and 

fact. See Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001). As such, we review a trial 

court‟s findings of fact under a de novo standard with a presumption that those findings 

are correct unless otherwise proven by a preponderance of the evidence. Id. (citing Tenn. 

R. App. P. 13(d); Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 578 (Tenn. 1997)). The trial court‟s 

conclusions of law are reviewed “under a purely de novo standard, with no presumption 

of correctness . . . .” Id.

When reviewing the trial court‟s findings of fact, this court does not reweigh the 

evidence or “substitute [its] own inferences for those drawn by the trial court.” Id. at 

456. Additionally, “questions concerning the credibility of the witnesses, the weight and 

value to be given their testimony, and the factual issues raised by the evidence are to be 

resolved by the trial judge.” Id. (citing Henley, 960 S.W.2d at 579).

The right to effective assistance of counsel is safeguarded by the Constitutions of 

both the United States and the State of Tennessee. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Tenn. Const. 

art. I, § 9. In order to receive post-conviction relief for ineffective assistance of counsel, 

a petitioner must prove two factors: (1) that counsel‟s performance was deficient; and (2) 

that the deficiency prejudiced the defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 

(1984); see State v. Taylor, 968 S.W.2d 900, 905 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997) (stating that 

the same standard for ineffective assistance of counsel applies in both federal and 

Tennessee cases). Both factors must be proven in order for the court to grant postconviction relief. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687; Henley, 960 S.W.2d at 580; Goad v. State, 

938 S.W.2d 363, 370 (Tenn. 1996). Additionally, review of counsel‟s performance 

“requires that every effort be made to eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to 

reconstruct the circumstances of counsel‟s challenged conduct, and to evaluate the 

conduct from counsel‟s perspective at the time.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689; see also

Henley, 960 S.W.2d at 579. We will not second-guess a reasonable trial strategy, and we 

will not grant relief based on a sound, yet ultimately unsuccessful, tactical decision. 

Granderson v. State, 197 S.W.3d 782, 790 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2006).
- 14 -

As to the first prong of the Strickland analysis, “counsel‟s performance is effective 

if the advice given or the services rendered are within the range of competence demanded 

of attorneys in criminal cases.” Henley, 960 S.W.2d at 579 (citing Baxter v. Rose, 523 

S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975)); see also Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 369. In order to prove that 

counsel was deficient, the petitioner must demonstrate “that the counsel‟s acts or 

omissions were so serious as to fall below an objective standard of reasonableness under 

prevailing professional norms.” Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 369 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 

688); see also Baxter, 523 S.W.2d at 936.

Even if counsel‟s performance is deficient, the deficiency must have resulted in 

prejudice to the defense. Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370. Therefore, under the second prong 

of the Strickland analysis, the petitioner “must show that there is a reasonable probability 

that, but for counsel‟s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been 

different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in 

the outcome.” Id. (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694) (internal quotation marks 

omitted).

Failure to Properly Redact T.A.’s Forensic Interview

The Petitioner argues that he was prejudiced by trial counsel‟s failure to properly 

redact T.A.‟s forensic interview because it violated his right to a unanimous jury verdict. 

He claims that it allowed the jury to find the Defendant guilty for the counts involving

T.A. based on the interviewer‟s summary of T.A.‟s statements during the forensic 

interview, which included references to incidents alleged to have occurred in 

Montgomery County. 

In the unredacted copy of her forensic interview, T.A. described several incidents 

where the Petitioner touched her “private part.” She described two incidents that 

happened in Montgomery County, including one incident where the Petitioner‟s finger 

“went inside [her] private part.” T.A. also described an incident that took place in 

Davidson County which did not involve penetration. The details of both incidents from 

Montgomery County were redacted from the forensic interview before the interview was 

presented to the jury. However, trial counsel failed to redact the interviewer‟s comment 

where she said:

Okay. So you‟ve told me about a time that [the Petitioner] put his hand in 

your pants and touched your private part and nothing went inside. And you 

told me about a couple of times when he touched your private part and his 

finger went inside.

At trial, T.A. gave detailed descriptions of three instances that occurred in 

Davidson County where the Petitioner‟s finger went inside her “private part.” After 
- 15 -

resting its case-in-chief, the State delivered an election of offenses for each count of rape 

of a child against T.A. The details of each elected offense corresponded with two of the 

events T.A. described during her testimony at trial.3 At the same time, the State 

dismissed the single count of aggravated sexual battery against T.A.

Trial courts may admit evidence of other sexual crimes when an indictment 

charges a number of sexual offenses but does not allege the specific date such offenses 

occurred. State v. Rickman, 876 S.W.2d 824, 828 (Tenn. 1994). However, in such cases, 

the state is required “to elect the particular offenses for which convictions are sought.” 

State v. Shelton, 851 S.W.2d 134, 137 (Tenn. 1993); State v. Burlison, 501 S.W.2d 801, 

803 (Tenn. 1973). Requiring the state to make an election serves three purposes:

First, to enable the defendant to prepare for and make his defense to the 

specific charge; second, to protect him from double jeopardy by

individualization of the issue, and third, so that the jury‟s verdict may not 

be a matter of choice between offenses, some jurors convicting on one 

offense and others, another.

Burlison, 501 S.W.2d at 803. In short, such practice allows the State latitude when 

prosecuting criminal acts against young children while simultaneously preserving a 

criminal defendant‟s right to a unanimous jury verdict. Rickman, 876 S.W.2d at 828; see 

also Shelton, 851 S.W.2d at 137 (stating, “A defendant‟s right to a unanimous jury before 

conviction requires the trial court to take precautions to ensure that the jury deliberates 

over the particular charged offense, instead of creating a „patchwork verdict‟ based on 

different offenses in evidence” (citing State v. Brown, 823 S.W.2d 576, 583 (Tenn. Crim. 

App. 1991)).

In this case, T.A. testified at trial about three different instances where the 

Petitioner penetrated her “private part” with his finger. After the close of its case-inchief, the State delivered an election of offenses to the jury, which contained facts that 

clearly corresponded to T.A.‟s trial testimony. The Petitioner‟s right to a unanimous 

verdict was protected when the State satisfied the election requirement.

Further, the Petitioner has failed to prove that he was prejudiced by trial counsel‟s 

failure to redact the forensic interviewer‟s statement from the video. As noted above, the 

State‟s election of offenses protected the Petitioner‟s right to a unanimous jury verdict. 

In the redacted copy of the forensic interview, T.A. described only one incident of 

 

3 On direct appeal, this court merged two of the Petitioner‟s convictions for rape of a child against 

T.A. because the State elected the same incident for those two counts. Timothy P. Guilfoy ̧ 2013 WL 

1965996, at *20. However, this court noted that T.A.‟s testimony described three separate instances and 

that the record failed to reveal why the State did not elect the third incident as the basis for the third count 

of rape of a child. Id. at *20 n.8.
- 16 -

misconduct happening in Davidson County, and it did not include penetration. At trial, 

she described three instances that occurred in Davidson County, all three of which 

included penetration. Accordingly, we do not believe that, had trial counsel redacted the 

interviewer‟s comment, there was a reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial 

would have been different. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. The Petitioner is not entitled 

to relief.

Admission of Forensic Interview Videos as Substantive Evidence

The Petitioner argues that trial counsel was deficient when he failed to object to 

the introduction of the videos of the victims‟ forensic interviews as substantive evidence 

or request that a limiting instruction be given to the jury. The Petitioner claims that the 

videos could have only been introduced as prior consistent statements and, consequently, 

their introduction as substantive evidence was unlawful. The Petitioner contends that he 

was prejudiced because the admission of the videos as substantive evidence violated his 

right to a unanimous jury verdict and his protection against double jeopardy. 

Specifically, the Petitioner argues that the jury‟s verdicts were based on the forensic 

interviewer‟s summary comment in T.A.‟s interview as opposed to the evidence 

presented at trial.

As a preliminary matter, we note that the Petitioner has not identified any 

prejudice he suffered as a result of the admission of J.A.‟s forensic interview. As such, 

we will limit our analysis to the admission of T.A.‟s forensic interview, which included 

the forensic interviewer‟s summary statement of events that happened in both Davidson 

and Montgomery Counties. See Carpenter v. State, 126 S.W.3d 879, 886 (Tenn. 2004) 

(“Failure to establish either prong [of the Strickland test] provides a sufficient basis to 

deny relief.”) 

At trial, T.A. was asked to identify a copy of her forensic interview. Then, during 

the testimony of Ms. Post, the forensic interviewer, the State introduced a copy of T.A.‟s 

forensic interview into evidence without any argument as to its admissibility or 

explanation as to why it was admitted. Trial counsel made no objection, and the trial 

court provided no contemporaneous limiting instruction. During the jury charge, the trial 

court instructed the jury that prior inconsistent statements could be used only to 

determine a witness‟s credibility. However, the trial court did not provide a similar 

instruction for prior consistent statements.

On direct appeal, this court stated, “Although the record clearly demonstrates that 

the trial court erred in admitting the recordings of the interviews into evidence, the record 

does not demonstrate that the jury ever watched the interviews.” Timothy P. Guilfoy, 

2013 WL 1965996, at *14 (emphasis in original). As such, this court concluded that the 
- 17 -

Petitioner had failed to satisfy the first requirement of plain error review—that the record 

clearly established what happened at trial. Id. at *14.4

It is not clear from the record why T.A.‟s forensic interview was introduced into 

evidence. Nevertheless, this court has previously determined that the trial court erred in 

admitting the recording. Id. While the State argues in this appeal that the interview was 

properly admitted as a prior consistent statement, the State concedes that the trial court 

did not issue a proper limiting instruction. See State v. Braggs, 604 S.W.2d 883, 885 

(Tenn. Crim. App. 1980) (when prior consistent statements are admitted to rehabilitate a 

witness, the trial court should instruct the jury that the statement cannot be considered for 

the truth of the matter asserted).

However, despite trial counsel‟s failure to object to the introduction of the video or 

request a limiting instruction, the Petitioner has failed to demonstrate that he was 

prejudiced by its introduction as substantive evidence. As discussed above, the forensic 

interviewer‟s summary statement did not violate the Petitioner‟s right to a unanimous 

jury verdict because the State provided an election of offenses. The details of each 

elected offense corresponded to incidents both J.A. and T.A. described in their trial 

testimony. The Petitioner has failed to prove that there was a reasonable probability that 

the outcome of the trial would have been different had the forensic interview not been 

introduced as substantive evidence. Accordingly, the Petitioner is not entitled to relief.

Failure to Properly Redact Recordings of Controlled Phone Calls

The Petitioner claims that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to properly 

redact two statements from the controlled phone calls—one where the Petitioner 

described an incident which occurred in Montgomery County and one where the 

Petitioner asked the victims‟ mother, “Had said it was me?” We will address each in 

turn.

a. Incident in Montgomery County

The Petitioner claims trial counsel was ineffective for failing to redact a portion of 

the controlled phone calls where the Petitioner described an incident that happened in 

Montgomery County when he woke up to find T.A. asleep on top of him. Trial counsel 

filed a pretrial motion to have this portion of the recorded telephone call redacted, which 

the trial court granted. However, instead of redacting the entire incident, trial counsel 

only redacted some details where the Petitioner stated he may have placed his hand under 

 

4 The Petitioner attempted to correct this gap in the record through the post-conviction testimony 

of Ms. Byers that trial counsel told her she had time to get lunch because the jury had requested 

equipment to view the video. 
- 18 -

T.A.‟s underwear when he pushed her off him. Trial counsel also redacted the 

Petitioner‟s statement establishing that this incident happened in Montgomery County. 

Consequently, the following redacted version of the phone call was submitted at trial:

[Mother]: Look, I asked you to call me back to call me and be truthful.

[The Petitioner]: I know, I‟m trying to be truthful.

[Mother]: (Inaudible)

[The Petitioner]: Okay, okay, okay, okay, this is the one thing, the only 

f***ing thing, the only time, and what I‟m scared about, I‟m scared that 

you‟re going to take something one time and go to sleep tonight and wake 

up tomorrow and say, oh well, if it‟s one time, it must have been every 

time, because I—I swear, I‟m not lying to you about the fact that I don‟t 

remember doing anything except one time, that‟s it, and—and the reason I 

didn‟t want to bring it up is because it sounds like I‟m blaming someone 

else.

[Mother]: Right.

[The Petitioner]: But it happened.

[Mother]: If it was once, go ahead, go ahead.

[The Petitioner]: It happened, and I‟m not going to say it‟s not my fault, 

it‟s just, I woke up—I woke up and I was—I was in my—I was in my 

shorts, whatever, I just sleep in my shorts all the time, and [T.A.] was on 

top of me.

[Mother]: Okay.

[The Petitioner]: And I kind of pushed her off, not violently, kind of like 

understanding, pushed her off, 

[The Petitioner]: And, and, and I pushed her off as soon as I figured out 

what was going on, I did. I‟m not—I mean, I was just f***ing terrified. 

And you know what, I did go back to sleep, I went back to sleep so I 

wouldn‟t have to f***ing deal with it, and I—the next morning I was going 

to say something to you, but you weren‟t there and I would have had to call 

you and—

[The Petitioner]: I tried to, I tried—I tried to talk to [T.A.] about it.
- 19 -

Trial counsel generally addressed the controlled phone calls during closing 

argument, contending that they were designed to elicit an admission from the Petitioner 

but that the Petitioner did not admit to any sexual contact. During rebuttal argument, the 

State argued, “[The Petitioner] had the time. He had the opportunity. He had the place. 

That corroborates [the victim‟s] version of what happened. [The Petitioner] himself 

provides a great deal of corroboration.” Later, the State referenced the Petitioner‟s 

statement that “there was this one time that [T.A.] was on me” in order to illustrate the 

Petitioner was attempting to shift the blame to someone else.

The Petitioner argues that trial counsel was deficient for failing to redact the entire 

exchange about the Petitioner waking up with T.A. on top of him. Further, the Petitioner 

contends that he was prejudiced “in the same way the Defendant was prejudiced in State 

v. Danny Ray Smith.” However, we find no support in the case for the Petitioner‟s 

argument in that case.

In State v. Danny Ray Smith, No. E2012-02587-CCA-R3-CD, 2014 WL 3940134 

(Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 13, 2014), no. perm. app. filed, the defendant proceeded to trial 

on one count of rape of a child. Danny Ray Smith, 2014 WL 3940134, at *10. The trial 

court allowed the State to admit evidence of other sexual offenses under the “special rule 

admitting evidence of other sexual crimes when an indictment charges a number of 

sexual offenses, but alleges no specific date upon which they occurred.” Id. at *10, *12 

(citing Rickman, 876 S.W.2d at 828). Consequently, the victim‟s testimony detailed

instances where the defendant penetrated her vagina and her “bottom” with his finger, 

penetrated her vagina with “his mouth,” and one instance where the defendant placed his 

“private part” on the victim‟s “private part” and “stuff” came out of the defendant‟s 

private part and “went onto [the victim‟s] private part.” Id. at *2. The State also 

introduced the defendant‟s statement wherein he admitted to several instances of sexual 

abuse—one where he “rubbed” the victim‟s vagina while she “rubbed” his penis, one 

where he penetrated the victim‟s vagina with the tip of his little finger, one where he 

performed oral sex on the victim and penetrated her vagina with his tongue, and one 

where he ejaculated onto the victim‟s abdomen. Id. at *3.

This court held that it was reversible error to admit evidence of other sexual acts

because the State knew in advance the offense for which it sought a conviction. Id. at 

*13. Because evidence of other sexual acts was inadmissible under Rickman, the 

defendant‟s statement to investigators should have been redacted to exclude acts other 

than the act for which the State sought a conviction—his penetrating the victim‟s vagina 

with his pinky finger. Id.

In this case, unlike the defendant in Danny Ray Smith, the Petitioner does not 

contest the State‟s admission of other instances of sexual misconduct under Rickman. He 

simply contests the introduction of any reference to instances that occurred in 
- 20 -

Montgomery County. We note that trial counsel failed to redact a portion of the incident 

that happened in Montgomery County from the phone calls. However, we do not believe 

trial counsel‟s failure resulted in prejudice. The portion of the recorded phone call that 

the Petitioner claims should have been redacted does not contain any reference to 

sexually illicit conduct. Instead, the Petitioner simply states that he woke up one night to 

find T.A. on top of him and he pushed her off gently. Additionally, T.A. did not testify to 

a similar incident at trial. Therefore, the recorded phone call was not used to corroborate 

her testimony. As to the State‟s argument during closing that “[the Petitioner] himself 

provides a great deal of corroboration,” it is clear from the transcript that the State was 

not referencing the incident described during the phone call. Instead, the State was 

highlighting the fact that the Petitioner did not deny that he had time and opportunity to 

commit the acts. 

We note that the State did reference the incident during its closing argument to 

illustrate that the Petitioner was trying to shift the blame to someone else. However, we 

do not believe that the reference makes the redacted statement prejudicial, especially 

when it is considered in the greater context of the recorded phone calls. As we noted on 

direct appeal, the recorded phone calls “are replete with the [Petitioner‟s] repeated 

denials that he remembered ever touching the victims inappropriately.” Timothy P. 

Guilfoy, 2013 WL 1965996, at *14. Both the State and the Petitioner made the same 

observation during closing arguments. Accordingly, the Petitioner has failed to prove 

that there was a reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial would have been 

different had trial counsel redacted the entire description of the incident from 

Montgomery County. The Petitioner is not entitled to relief.

b. “Had said it was me?” Statement

The Petitioner claims counsel was ineffective for failing to properly redact the 

following portion of the controlled phone call:5

[Mother]: Well, I needed to talk to you about something kind of serious.

[The Petitioner]: Yeah?

[Mother]: Yeah. I um—I got a phone call today from [J.A.‟s] guidance 

counselor?

[The Petitioner]: Oh yeah?

 

5

Portions in italics were redacted from the phone calls before the recordings were presented to 

the jury.
- 21 -

[Mother]: And she kind of insinuated to her that—that somebody was 

touching her in the wrong ways.

[The Petitioner]: Really?

[Mother]: Yeah.

[The Petitioner]: Oh man.

[Mother]: And uh, I mean obviously I went and picked them up.

[The Petitioner]: Sure, sure . . . man, that‟s, that‟s, man, that‟s . . . f***ing 

puke.

[Mother]: Yeah. Well uh . . . they didn‟t really [say] anything about who it 

was, and I‟m trying to figure out y‟know . . .

[The Petitioner]: Yeah. I, I mean anybody . . .

[Mother]: Well, yeah, and well when I talked to [T.A.] and [A.A.] about it 

cause apparently they said it was her sisters too, they were, they were 

um . . . [A.A.] said it was you.

[The Petitioner]: Had said it was me?

The Petitioner argues that this “confusing edit” allowed the State to argue in its 

closing that the Petition had a guilty mind. To support his argument, the Petitioner 

points to a section of the State‟s closing where the prosecutor argued:

I am not going to go through [the phone calls] line by line, but I just want 

you to think about the way he answered the phone. The fact that [Mother] 

said to him, pretty much right off, “The girls are saying someone touched 

them.” [] Does he say who? No, because he knows.

First, we note that trial counsel testified at the post-conviction hearing that he 

redacted anything in the phone calls which referenced A.A., a third, unindicted victim. 

The portion that was redacted clearly shows that A.A. identified the Petitioner as the 

suspect. As such, we cannot say that trial counsel was deficient in redacting this portion 

of the recorded phone calls.

Additionally, we are unable to determine that the Petitioner was prejudiced by trial 

counsel‟s failure to redact the comment, “Had said it was me?” It appears that the 

Petitioner was confirming that someone had accused him of the alleged conduct, a fact 
- 22 -

the jury would clearly know since the victims‟ mother made the police controlled calls to 

the Petitioner and the Petitioner is on trial for the offenses. Moreover, the prosecutor‟s 

comment is not referring to this lone statement or question—it is referring to the 

Petitioner‟s failure to ask the mother who the girls said touched them. Further, as noted 

above, the remainder of the phone calls is “replete with the [Petitioner‟s] repeated denials 

that he remembered ever touching the victims inappropriately.” See Timothy P. Guilfoy, 

2013 WL 1965996, at *14. Therefore, the Petitioner has failed to show that he was 

prejudiced by the way this particular portion of the controlled phone calls was redacted. 

The Petitioner is not entitled to relief.

Failure to Present an Alibi Defense

The Petitioner argues that trial counsel was ineffective because he failed to present 

an alibi defense similar to the defense that was presented in the Petitioner‟s first trial. 

Through the victims‟ mother and other witnesses during the first trial, trial counsel was 

able to demonstrate that the Petitioner was not at the victims‟ home on the dates their 

mother alleged the abuse occurred. However, trial counsel did not employ a similar 

technique during the second trial. During the second trial, the Petitioner‟s theory of 

defense was to show the implausibility of the victims‟ allegations. At the post-conviction 

hearing, trial counsel explained that he chose not to present the same defense because he 

anticipated that the State would have solidified the dates on which the abuse was alleged 

to have occurred. Additionally, trial counsel stated that he changed his defense strategy 

because “if we tried the same case twice the State would be able to anticipate everything 

we did.” We will not second-guess a reasoned, yet ultimately unsuccessful, trial strategy.

See Granderson, 197 S.W.3d at 790. Accordingly, the Petitioner is not entitled to relief.

Failure to Object to Ms. Gallion’s Testimony

The Petitioner contends that trial counsel should have objected when Ms. Gallion 

testified that T.A.‟s medical exam, which showed no injury, was consistent with both 

penetration and no penetration. Specifically, the Petitioner claims trial counsel should 

have objected to the following testimony:

[The State]: Let me ask you this, put your expert hat on and ask you 

hypothetically: If [T.A.] [had] said to [the intake interviewer] that she was 

touched by an adult male‟s hand on the inside of her genitals, would there 

have been anything inconsistent about the medical exam, with that history 

given?
- 23 -

[Ms. Gallion]: No. Again, the majority of children we see actually 

describe some type of penetration. That‟s one of the reasons that we often 

see children. Penetration with a hand, a finger, penetration with a penis. 

Typically those children also have completely normal exams.

The Petitioner contends that Ms. Gallion‟s comment did not “substantially assist 

the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact at issue. . . .” Tenn. R. 

Evid. 702. Additionally, the Petitioner asserts that Ms. Gallion‟s comment was offered 

simply to bolster T.A.‟s testimony and that its “extremely prejudicial” nature outweighed 

its probative value.

At trial, both parties stipulated to Ms. Gallion‟s qualification as an expert. As an 

expert witness, she was allowed to offer her opinion. Tenn. R. Evid. 702. When an

expert‟s opinion is otherwise admissible, it “is not objectionable because it embraces an 

ultimate issue to be decided by the trier of fact.” Tenn. R. Evid. 704. 

Whether the Petitioner penetrated T.A. with his finger was a question of fact for 

the jury to resolve. Ms. Gallion‟s testimony about the results of T.A.‟s medical 

examination and whether those results were or were not consistent with penetration 

substantially assisted the jury in evaluating T.A.‟s medical report, which showed no 

injury to T.A. Additionally, we do not believe that Ms. Gallion‟s testimony was so 

prejudicial as to outweigh its probative value. Accordingly, trial counsel was not 

deficient for failing to object to this portion of Ms. Gallion‟s testimony. The Petitioner is 

not entitled to relief.

Failure to Object to Ms. Post’s Testimony

The Petitioner argues that trial counsel should have objected to the following 

testimony:

[The State]: What is your experience in the area of interviewing children 

who have perhaps been subjected to a number of instances of abuse over a 

fairly lengthy period of time, beginning when they are very young? Is it 

realistic to expect that you‟ll get every detail from every incident?

[Ms. Post]: Certainly not. It depends, too, on the age of the child. Very 

little children, we expect to capture only very limited information about any 

event that happens in their lives. And there are lots of things that can 

disrupt a kid‟s memory of an abuse event. Trauma can disrupt memory, for 

example.
- 24 -

The Petitioner contends that Ms. Post‟s testimony constitutes improper expert testimony 

because Ms. Post was not offered as an expert witness. Additionally, the Petitioner 

argues that the State offered this evidence to support the victims‟ credibility by

explaining why they could not provide any details of when the abuse occurred.

The Tennessee Supreme Court addressed this issue in a similar case, State v. 

Bolin, 922 S.W.2d 870 (Tenn. 1996). In that case, the social worker who performed the 

forensic interview testified that children who had been abused over a long period of time 

often had trouble remembering the details of when and how each event took place. Id. at 

872-73. Our supreme court held that the social worker‟s testimony constituted expert 

proof and that its admission through a non-expert witness was error. Id. at 874. 

However, the court also found that any error was harmless. Id. Specifically, the court 

stated:

The testimony essentially consists of an explanation of a narrow issue—

why K.N. could not assign reasonably specific time or dates to any of the 

alleged events of sexual abuse. Therefore, the testimony does not, unlike 

the testimony in Ballard, purport to completely vouch for the overall 

credibility of the victim, and thus it cannot be said to have “explained 

away” the inconsistencies and recantations—the heart of the defense 

theory. Hence, the damaging effect of the testimony is minimal. 6

Id. 

Similarly, the admission of Ms. Post‟s testimony was error. She did not testify as 

an expert witness but offered testimony that was “specialized knowledge” she gathered 

from her experience as a forensic interviewer. See id. Moreover, we note there is 

nothing in the post-conviction record to indicate that trial counsel did not object for 

strategic reasons. Even if this were deficient performance on the part of trial counsel, the 

Petitioner has failed to establish any resulting prejudice. Like the social worker in Bolin, 

Ms. Post‟s testimony addressed the narrow issue of why the victims could not provide 

details of when the events occurred. It did not address inconsistencies in the victims‟ 

descriptions of what occurred during the abuse or address the “implausibility” of their 

allegations, the core of the Petitioner‟s defense theory during the second trial. 

Admittedly, there was no conclusive medical evidence that either victim had been 

sexually abused, but the medical evidence did not rule out the possibility of abuse. 

 

6

In State v. Ballard, 855 S.W.2d 557 (Tenn. 1993), the expert witness testified that the victims 

exhibited “symptom constellations” consistent with being sexually abused. Ballard, 855 S.W.2d at 561. 

The supreme court concluded that because the behavior profile was consistent with a number of 

psychological stressors, including sexual abuse, the list of symptoms was too generic to be probative. Id.

at 562. Therefore, the admission of expert testimony was reversible error. Id. at 563.
- 25 -

Further, the victims told several people about the abuse—their grandfather, their mother, 

Ms. Post, and Ms. Gallion—over a period of several weeks. Also, they testified about the 

abuse during the first trial. Trial counsel specifically addressed the inconsistencies 

between their testimonies at both trials during cross-examination. Accordingly, the 

Petitioner has failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by trial counsel‟s failure to 

object to Ms. Post‟s testimony and is not entitled to relief.

Conclusion

The judgment of the post-conviction court is affirmed.

_________________________________

ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., JUDGE