### HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM (HRS) PACKAGE WAPPINGER CREEK DOWNSTREAM OF WAPPINGERS FALLS WAPPINGER FALLS, NY
EPA ID No.: NYN00020175 8

EPA Contract No. EP

- S13

- 08

- 01 TDD No. 0004/1508

- 06 Document Control No. W0269.1A.00815 April 201 6

Prepared for: UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Prepared by: Weston Solutions, Inc. Edison, New Jersey 08837This page has been left blank intentionally
.HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD -- REVIEW COVER SHEET
Name of Site: Wappinger Creek Date Prepared:
Contact Persons Site Investigation:

Docume nt ation Record: April 20 1 6

Region 2 S it e Assessment T eam Weston Solutions, I nc. Edison, N J Denise Z eno (212) 637

- 4319 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency New York, NY Scott T. Snyder , CHMM (732) 417

- 5828 Weston Solutions, Inc. Edison, NJ

Path ways, Components, or Threats Not Scored Th e surface water migration pathway

— drinking water th reat , ground water migration pathway, soil exposure pathway , and air migration pathway were not scored because the listing decision is not affected significantly by those pathways. The site score is sufficient to list the site on the surface water migrati on pathway score based on the human food chain and environmental threats
.Th is page has been left blank intentionally
.H RS DOCUMENTATION RECORD
N ame of Site: EPA ID No.: EPA Region: Street Address of Site*:
C ounty and State: General Location in the State: Wappinger C reek Date Prepared: April 201 6 NYN000201758 2 Wappinger C reek d ownstream o f W appingers F alls, Wappinger s F alls , NY 12 590 Dutchess Count y , New York Central Hudson River valley T opographic Map: Wa ppingers Falls, NY Latitude*: 41 ° 35 ′ 51
. 6624 ” North (41. 597684 °) Longitude*: 73 ° 55 ′ 37.6896 ′′ West (- 73.927136 °) Site Reference Point: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) contaminated sediment sample location 0269

- SED19 [ F igure s 1 and 2 ; Ref. 3, pp . 1, 3; 4, p. 1; 5, p. 2; 33, pp. 92, 97, 102; 54, p. 1; 61, pp. 747, 794, 838 ] The site consists of a zone of sediment contamination with no identified source . Therefore, the reference point for the street address and site latitude/longitude coordinat es is one of the locations where EPA identified contaminated sediment within the tidal portion of Wappinger Creek (i.e., 0269

- SED19 ) [Ref. 1, p. 51605; 33, pp. 92, 97, 102 ].
* * The street add ress, coordinates, and contaminant locations presented in this Hazard Ranking System ( HRS ) documentation record identify the general area where the site is located. They represent one or more locations EPA considers to be part of the site based on the screening information EPA used to evaluate the site for NPL listin g. EPA lists national priorities among the known "releases or threatened releases" of hazardous substances; thus, the focus is on the release, not precisely delineated boundaries. A site is defined as where a hazardous substance has been "deposited, stor ed, placed, or otherwise come to be located." Generally, HRS scoring and the subsequent listing of a release merely represent the initial determination that a certain area may need to be addressed under CERCLA. Accordingly, EPA contemplates that the prel iminary description of facility boundaries at the time of scoring will be refined as more information is developed as to where the contamination has come to be located.

S cores
Gr ound Water Pathway Not Scored Surface Water Pathway 100 .00 Soil Exposure Pathway Not Scored Air Pathway Not Scored HRS SITE SCORE 50 .00WORKSHEET FOR COMPUTING HRS SITE SCORE WAPPINGER CREEK

S S 2 1. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (S gw ) Not Scored (from Table 3

- 1, line 13) 2a. Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component 100 .00 10,000
. 00 (from Table 4

- 1, line 30) 2b. Ground Water to Surface Water Migration Component Not Scored (from Table 4

- 25, line 28) 2c. Surface Water Migration Pathway Score (S sw ) 100 .00 10,000 .00 Enter the larger of lines 2a and 2b as the pathway score. 3. Soil Exposure Pathway Score (S s ) Not Scored (from Table 5

- 1, line 22) 4. Air Migration Pathway Score (S a ) Not Scored (from Table 6

- 1, line 12)
5. Total of S gw 2 + S sw 2 + S s 2 + S a 2 10, 000 .00
6. H RS Site Score Divide the value on line 5 by 4 and take the square root 50 .00

2SURFACE WATER OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT SCORESHEET WAPPINGER CREEK SURFACE WATER OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT Factor Categories & Factors DRINKING WATER THREAT MAXIMUM VALUE VALUE ASS IGNED

Likelihood of Release 1. Observed Release 2. Potential to Release by Overland Flow 2a. Containment 2b. Runoff 2c. Distance to Surface Water 2d. Potential to Release by Overland Flow ( lines 2a [ 2b + 2c ]) 3. Potential to Release by Flood 3a. Containment (Flood) 3b. Flood Frequency 3c. Potential to Release by Flood (lines 3a x 3b) 4. Potential to Release (lines 2d + 3c) 5. Likelihood of Release (higher of lines 1 and 4) 550 10 25 25 500

10 50 500 500 550 550

n o t scored not scored not scored not scored

not scored not scored not scored not scored 550 Waste Characteristics 6. Toxicity/ Persistence 7. Hazardous Waste Quantity 8. Waste Characteristics * * 1 00 not scored not scored not scored Targets 9. Nearest Intake 10. Population 10a. Level I Concentrations 10b. Level II Concentrations 10c. Potential Contamination 10d. Population (lines 10a + 10b + 10c) 11. Resources 12. Targets (lines 9 + 10d + 11) 50
**   ** 

5
** not scored not scored not scored not scored not scored not scored not scored 13. DRINKING WATER THREAT SCORE ([lines 5 x 8 x 12]/82,500) 100 not scored

* Maxi mum value applies to waste characteristics category. ** Maximum value not applicable

3S URFACE WATER OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT SCORESHEET WAPPINGER CREEK SURFACE WATER OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT Factor Categories & Factors HUMAN FOOD CHAIN THREAT MAXIMUM VALUE VAL UE ASSIGNED

Likelihood of Release 14. Likelihood of Release (same as line 5) 550 550 Waste Characteristics 15. T oxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation 1 6. H azardous Waste Quantity 17. W aste Characteristics * * 1,000 5
. 00E+0 8 100 320 Targets 18. F ood Chain Individual 19. P opulation 19a. Level I Concentrations 19b. Level II Concentrations 19c. Potential Human Food Chain Contamination 19d. Population (lines 19a + 19b + 19c) 20. Targets (lines 18 + 19d) 50
**   ** 
** 45 0 0 .03

0 0 .03 45.03 21. HUM AN FOOD CHAIN THREAT SCORE ([lines 14 x 17 x 20]/82,500) 100 96

* M aximum value applies to waste characteristics category. ** Maximum value not applicable

4S URFACE WATER OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT SCORESHEET WAPPINGER CREEK SURFACE WATER OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT Factor Categories & Factors ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT MAXIMUM VALUE VAL UE ASSIGNED

Likelihood of Release 22. L ikelihood of Release (same as line 5) 550 550 Waste Characteristics 23. E cosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation 2 4. H azardous Waste Quantity 25. W aste Characteristics * * 1,000 5
. 00E+0 8 10 0 320 Targets 26. S ensitive Environments 26a. Level I Concentrations 26b. Level II Concentrations 26c. Potential Contamination 26d. Sensitive Environments (lines 26a + 26b + 26c) 27. Targets (line 26d) **   ** 
** 0 25 0 25 25 28. ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT SCORE ([lines 22 x 25 x 27]/82,500) 60 53.33 29. W ATERSHED SCORE (lines 13 + 21 + 28) 100 100
30. S URFACE WATER OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT SCORE (S of ) 100 100 SURFACE WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY SCORE (S sw ) 100 100

* M aximum value applies to waste characteristics category. ** Maximum value not applicable

5REFERENCES R eference Number Description of the Reference 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Revised Hazard Ranking System, Final Rule, 40 CF R 300, Appendix A . Federal Register. December 14, 1990. http://semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/174028 [138 pages] 2. EPA. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM) Query, Selected Substances: benzo(a)pyrene and mercury . Accessed and downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfun d- chemical

- data

matrix

- scdm

- query?c=000050

- 32

- 8&c=007439

- 97

- 6&f=f2&b=b2&d=d1&d=2d&d=d4 on January 22, 2016. [6 pages] 3. Snyder, Scott, Weston Solutions, Inc. (WESTON ® ) Abbreviated Preliminary Assessment Checklist, Wappinger Creek . June 25, 2015. [16 pages ] 4. U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey (USGS)
. Wappinger Falls Qu adrangle, New York , 7.5

- minute Series (Topographic ). 2013. [1 map] 5. DiTillio, Pietro, WESTON. E- mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: Wappinger Creek Soil, Surface Water and Sediment Coordinates; with attached reference . December 8, 2015. [2 pages] 6. Muessig, Paul H., Science and Technology. Supplemental Remedial Investigation Report, Tidal Portion of Wappinger Creek, Three Star Anodizing Site OU2, Wappin ger Falls, New York. June 17, 2010. [857 pages] 7. Crawford, Douglas M., P.E., O’Brien & Gere Engineers, Inc. Final Report, Three Star Anodizing Site, Wappingers Falls, New York, Remedial Investigation, NYSDEC Site 314058. October 2007. [220 pages] 8. En vironmental Data Resources (EDR). Certified Sanborn Map Report, Wappinger Creek, Market Street, Wappingers Falls, NY 12590, Inquiry Number: 4397871.3. September 2, 2015. [11 pages] 9. Italiano, Joseph. A History of the Dutchess Bleachery . 1996. [42 pages] 10. EDR. The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck, Wappinger Creek, Market Street, Wappingers Falls, NY 12590, Inquiry Number: 4397871.2s. August 31, 2015. [148 pages] 11. Zhu, Robert, Shealy Environmental Services. ISM02.2 Summary Data Package, Case No. 45 717, SDG No. MBC7 F4 . December 3, 2015. [654 pages] 12. Market Properties, Inc. Market Properties Home P age and Photos . Accessed and downloaded from http://www.marketproperties.net on October 31, 2015. [4 pages] 13. EDR. The EDR Aerial Photo Decade Package, Wappinger Creek, Market Street, Wappingers Falls, NY 12590, Inquiry Number: 439787.9. August 31, 2015. [9 pages] 14. Wappinger Greenway Trail Committee. Wappinger Greenway Trail, Trail System of Natural Beauty and Historic Sites . Undated. [2 pages] 15. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). Record of Decision, Three Star Anodizing Site, Operable Unit 1, Wappingers Falls, Dutchess County, New York, Site Nu mber 31405 . March 2009. [69 pages]

6REF ERENCES (continued) Ref erence Number Description of the Reference 16. WESTON. Region 1 START III, Task Order 14, Site Assessment Team. Wappinger Creek Site Logbook R2 -A- 126 (excerpts). June 3, 2015. [7 pages] 17. WESTON. Region 8 START IV, Site Assessment Team. Wappinger Creek Site Logbook W0269.3B.00554 ; with attached photo documentation . August 25, 2015

– November 17, 2015. [70 pages] 18. Kum ar, Narendra, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC765, Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . November 13, 2015. [124 pages] 19. Arnone, Russell, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC761, Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . November 17, 2015. [75 pages] 20. Chemical Abstract Service (CAS). The No t -S o -M ad Hatter: Occupational Hazards of Mercury
. Accessed and downlo aded from h ttps://www.cas.org /news/insights/science

- connections/mad

- hatter on November 20, 2015. [2 pages] 21. NYSDEC. General Information About MGPs . Accessed and downloaded from http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemica l/24911.html on November 20, 2015. [7 pages] 22. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) . Accessed and downloaded from h ttp://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=25 on November 20, 2015. [2 pages] 23. EPA. Basic Information about Mercury . Accessed and downloaded from http://www2.epa .gov/mercury/basic

- information

- about

- mercury on November 20, 2015. [5 pages] 24. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Wetlands Inventory (NWI)
. Wetlands Mapper, Find Location: Wappingers Falls, NY . Accessed and downloaded from www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/mapper.html on January 22, 2016. [1 page] 25. Breen, Denise, WESTON. Sampling Trip Report, Wappinger Creek (DCN: W0269.1A.00811)
. November 23, 2015. [82 pages] 26. ATS DR. Public Health Statement, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. August 1995. [ 6 pages] 27. Kumar, Narendra , USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717, SDG No. MBC765, Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data
. December 1 , 2015. [57 pag es] 28. Kumar, Narendra, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. MBC7E7 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data
. December 1 , 2015. [34 pages] 29. EPA , Division of Environmental Science and Assessment, Monitoring & Assessment Branch. Standard Operating Procedures for Field Activities (excerpts) . December 2006. [31 pages] 30. EPA. Region 2 Superfund: Electronic Data Submission

– Documents . Accessed and downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/region -2- superfund

- electronic

- data

- submission

- documents on February 29, 2016. [9 pages]

7REFERENCES (continued) R eference Number Description of the Reference 31. Arnone, Russell, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. BC7F4 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . December 1, 2015. [144 pages] 32. Kumar, Narendra, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No
. BC775 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . December 1, 2015. [ 157 pages] 33. Kumar, Narendra, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. BC794 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . December 1, 2015. [ 15 7 pages] 34. TestAmerica Laboratories, Inc. Analytical Report, TestAmerica Sample Delivery Group: 200

- 30752

- 1, Cli ent Project/Site: Wappinger Creek . December 1, 2015. [22 pages] 35. TestAmerica Laboratories, Inc. Analytical Report, TestAmerica Sample Deliver y Group: 200

- 30774

- 1, Cli ent Project/Site: Wappinger Creek . November 24, 2015. [26 pages] 36. TestAmerica Laboratories, Inc. Analytical Report, TestAmerica Sample Delivery Group: 200

- 30776

- 1, Cli ent Project/Site: Wappinger Creek . November 24, 2015. [23 pages] 37. TestAmerica Laboratories, Inc. Analytical Report, TestAmerica Sample Delivery Group: 200

- 30812 , Cli ent Project/Site: Wappinger Creek
. November 27 , 2015 . [2 1 pages] 38. Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Environmental. Analysis Report, Project: Wappin ger Creek, Group Number: 1609436. December 1, 2015. [27 pages] 39. Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Environmental. Analysis Report, Project: Wappinger Creek, Group Number: 1609497 . December 1, 2015. [27 pages] 40. Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Environmenta l. Analysis Report, Project: Wappinger Creek, Group Number: 1609502 . December 1, 2015. [41 pages] 41. Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Environmental. Analysis Report, Project: Wappinger Creek, Group Number: 1609958
. November 30 , 2015. [23 pages] 42. Arnone, Russell, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. BC7A7 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . December 3, 2015. [ 159 pages] 43. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (excerpts) . August 1995. [11 pages] 44. R eference number reserved. 45. Arnone, Russell, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. MBC7F4 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data. December 7 , 2015. [ 57 pages] 46. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Project Note to Wappinger Creek File, TDD No. 0004/1508

- 06 , Subjec t: Dioxin/Furan Data; with attached reference . December 9, 2015. [12 pages] 47. E PA. Learn about Dioxin. Accessed and downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/dioxin/learn

- about

dioxin on December 9, 2015. [4 pages]

8REFERENCES (continued) R eference Number Description of the Reference 48. Kumar, Narendra, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. MBC775 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data. December 9, 2015. [6 6 pages] 49. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Project Note to Wappinger Creek File, TDD No. 0004/1508

- 06, Subject: Grain Size Distribution Data ; with attached reference . December 10, 2015. [8 pages] 50. Kumar, Narendra, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narra tive for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. MBC763 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . December 11, 2015. [76 pages] 51. EPA. Using Qualified Data to D ocument an Observed Release and Observed Contamination (EPA 540 -F- 94

- 028) . November 1996. [18 pages] 52. Kumar, Narendra, USEPA/R2/HWSB/HWSS. Executive Narrative for Case No. 45717 , SDG No. MBC7B7 , Wappinger Creek; with attached analytical data . December 14, 2015. [81 pages] 53. Taylor, David L, et al. Indicators of sediment and biotic mercury contamination in a southern New England estuary . Accessed and downloaded from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Public Access Website at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article s/PMC3319229/pdf/nihms351185.pdf o n December 16, 2015. [29 pages] 54. Moyik, Cathy, EPA. E- mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON and Denise Zeno, EPA, Subject: RE: Wappinger Address . January 28, 2016. [3 pages] 55. Reyes, Mildred, V ., Chemtech Consul ting Group. SDG Cover Page, Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC7A7; with attached data package . November 23, 2015. [1,222 pages] 56. Reyes, Mildred, V., Chemtech Consulting Group. SDG Cover Page, Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC7D2 ; with attached data package . November 23, 2015. [656 pages] 57. Reyes, Mildred, V., Chemtech Consulting Group. SDG Cover Page, Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC761 ; with attached data package . November 6, 2015. [1,082 pages] 58. Reyes, Mildred, V., Chemtech Consulting Group. SDG Cover Page, Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC7F4 ; with attached data package . November 23, 2015. [1,190 pages] 59. Petitt, Corey, Chemtech Consulting Group. SDG Cover Page, Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC765 ; with attached data package . November 5, 2015. [1,197 pages] 60. Reyes, Mildred, V ., Chemtech Consulting Group. SDG Cover Page, Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC775 ; with attached data package . November 19, 2015. [1,407 pages] 61. Reyes, Mildred, V., Chemtech Consulting Group. SDG Cover Page, Case No. 45717, SDG No. BC794 ; with attached data package . November 19, 2015. [1,426 pages] 62. Zhu, Robert, Shealy Environmental Services. ISM02.2 Summary Data Package, Case No. 45717, SDG No. MBC763 . December 3, 2015. [594 pages] 63. Zhu, Robert, Shealy Environmental Services. ISM02.2 Summary Data Packa ge, Case No. 45717, SDG No. MBC76 5 . November 10, 2015. [645 pages]

9REFERENCES (continued) R eference Number Description of the Reference 64. Zhu, Robert, Shealy Environmental Services. ISM02.2 Summary Data Package, Case No. 45717, SDG No. MBC 775
. December 2, 2015. [665 pages] 65. Zhu, Robert, Shealy Environmental Services. ISM02.2 Summary Data Package, Case No. 45717, SDG No. MBC7 B7 . December 5, 2015. [561 pages] 66. Shealy Environmental Services. ISM02.2 Summary Data Package, Case No. 45717, SDG No
. MBC7C9
. Undated . [621 pages] 67. Zhu, Robert, Shealy Environmental Services. ISM02.2 Summary Data Package, Case No. 45717, SDG No. MBC7E7
. November 10 , 2015. [6 16 pages] 68. Village of Wappingers Falls. Home / Departments / Highway . Accessed and downloaded from http://www.wappingersfallsny.gov/highway

- departmen t on February 11, 2016; with attache d reference. [2 pages]

10SITE DESCRIPTION Th e Wappinger Creek site in Wappingers Falls, New York, is the location of contaminated sediment s with no identified source of the release causing the contamination . Sediment sampling and analysis by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in November 2015 document the pre sence of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene in the tidal portion of Wappinger Creek at concentrations that meet the criteria for observed release by chemical analysis [ s ee Section 4.1.2.1 of this Hazard Ranking System (HRS) documentation record ]. The November 2015 sediment sample results document Level II actual contamination of a fishery and a wetland [s ee Sections 4.1.3.3 and 4.1.4.3 of this HRS documentation record ] . A Site Location Map is presented in Figure 1. The zone of sediment contam ination is depicted on Figure 2. Fo r the Wappinger Creek site, EPA is evaluating the human food chain and environmental threats of the surface water migration pathway, overland/flood migration component. The source is evaluated a s sediment contaminated wi th mercury and benzo(a)pyrene with no identified source (Source 1 ) because of the presence of several current and historical possible sources of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene in the vicinity of the site that may have contributed to the contamination, as further discussed in Section 4.1.2.1 .1 of this HRS documentation record
. Th e tidal portion of Wappinger Creek begins downstream of Wappingers Falls, by an i ndustrial park and extends for approximately 2 miles downstream to the confluence with the Huds on River [Ref. 6, p. 68] . Water levels in the creek can typically fluctuate as much as 4 feet during the tidal cycle of the Hudson River [Ref. 6, p. 68]
. At the upstream end, t he tidal creek is approximately 90 feet wide; retaining walls border both sides of the creek in this reach [Ref. 6, p. 69] . Downstream, the creek width expands to approximately 600

– 800 feet [Ref. 6, p. 70] . The width is constricted to approximately 140 feet and 250 feet wide by the County Route 28 (CR 28) bridge and a railroad bridge, respectively, as the creek approaches the Hudson River [Ref. 6, p. 70] . Water depths in the creek range from less than 5 feet to approximately 25 feet, with the greatest depth beneath the CR 28 bridge [Ref. 6, p. 70] . The composition of the cree k b ed varies from rocks and cobble s in the fast

- moving reach near the industrial park at the most upstream part of the tidal portion of the creek to silt in low

- flow areas [Ref. 6 , pp. 69

– 70 ]. The previo usly identified industrial park is located appro xima tely 0.2 miles downstream of the falls separating Wapp inger Lake from Wappinger Creek. The industrial park is located on both the north and south banks of Wap pinger Creek, with two bridges con necting the ban ks. In dustrial activities have occurred at the industrial park location f or more than 1 80 years [Ref. 9, p. 3]
. Th e contaminated sediment portion of the creek is a human food chain fishery and contains wetland area, including a shallow embayment located along the west
- northwestern shore of Wappinger Creek approximately 0.75 mile downstream of an i ndustrial p ark situated at the upstream end of the tidal creek [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 6, p. 69]. This emb ayment is approximately 240,000 square feet (ft 2 ) (approximately 800 feet by 300 feet) and is fronted by Palustrine Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland (PFO1S) [Ref. 24, p. 1 ] . Sediment in this embayment is primarily of silt and organic matter and supports aquatic emergent and submerged plant growth throughout [Ref. 6, pp. 9, 70]
. The main currents of the tida l creek bypass the embayment, which experiences minimal water velocity and can gene rally be described as quiescent [Ref. 6, pp. 9, 70] . Du ring New York State Department of Environmental Conservation ’s (NYSDEC) sampling efforts associated with a remedial i nvestigation ( RI ) at the industrial park s ediment contamination was documented in the embayment and throughout the tidal creek, with some of the highest concentrat ions reported for the embayment [Ref. 6, pp. 31

– 32]
. The Wappinger Greenway, which includes the Wappinger Greenway Trail, runs along th e west
- northwestern bank of Wappinger Creek and includes the embayment [Ref. 14, p. 2]
. The Wappinger Greenway Trail links historical, c ultural, natural, and economic resources of local and regional significance [Ref. 14, p. 2 ]. Historical Sediment Sampling Se diment contamination was identified by RIs conducted at Wappinger Creek and the industrial park located at the upstream end of the tidal portion of the Wappinger C reek by NYSDEC . NYSDEC collected surface water and sediment samples from this tidally

- influenced creek and from Wappinger Lake upstream in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2009 [Ref. 6, pp. 18

– 52, 74

– 76, 188

– 241] . The analytical results for the samples indicated that creek sediments adjacent to and downstream of the industrial park are contaminated with several inorganic constituents, including mercury, lead, and chromium, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) , at concentrations above those

11det ected in upstream samples [Ref. 6, pp. 31

– 32, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 276

– 282, 728

– 729, 731

– 735, 740

– 742, 817

– 828, 834

– 838].

12FIGURE #: DATE: CLIENT NAME: PROJECT: TITLE:

RP:\SAT2\Wappinger Creek\MXD\16820_WC_Topo.mxd

1 April 2016 EPA Wappinger Creek 

# Site Location Map Wappinger Creek Village of Wappingers Falls, NY Site Area " NY

NJ PA CT 

# ¬

1,500 0 1,500 750 Graphic Scale in Feet

SOURCE:

U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS). 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic) Quadrangles: Wappingers Falls, NY, NY 1981. 

## Wappinger Creek

## $ +

! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (

# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *

Embayment

0.2 Mile Wetland Frontage Boa t La unch SW10

SW09

SW05 SW04

SW03

SW02

SW01 SW11/SW12 SED18

SED17 SED16

SED15

SED11

SED07 SED06 SED05 SED04

SED03
SED02
SED01 SED10 SED08 SED09

FIGU RE #: DRAWING NU M BER: CLIENT NAM E: PRO JECT: LEGEND: TITLE:

PRO JECT M ANAGER:

SCALE:

DATE: DRAWN BY:

REVIEWED BY:

SM 

## ! ( ! ( ! (

! ( # * # * # *
SED14 SED13

SED12 SW07 O utfa ll SW06 La goon Discha rge

SED19 SW08 O utfa ll

Form er M GP Area Form er Axton Cross Fa cility Form er Three Sta r Anodizing Fa cility Ea st Bridge West Bridge Hydroelectric Fa cility

EPA Wa ppinger Creek 17484 2 P. DiTillio S. Snyder S. Snyder 1 " = 1,600 ' 

# ¬ Surfa ce Wa ter Pa thwa y Z one of Conta m ina tion Wa ppinger Creek SO U RCES: 1. Weston Solutions, Inc., Region 8 START IV, Site Assessm ent Tea m . Wa ppinger Creek Site Logbook W0269.3B.00554. Novem ber 10-13 a nd 16, 2015. 2. High Resolution O rthoim a gery. U nited Sta tes Geologica l Survey. Acquisition Da te: April 22, 2013. Acquired da ta : Septem ber 1, 2015. http://ea rthexplorer.usgs.gov. NO TES: 1. All sa m ple loca tions preceded by “0269-”. P:\SAT2\Wa ppinger Creek\M XD\17484_ WC_ Surfa ce_ Wa ter_ Pa thwa y_ Z one_ of_ Cont_ R1.m xd

1,600 0 1,600 800 

### Gra phic Sca le in Feet 400 0 400 800 1,200 200 Gra phic Sca le in Feet

! ( Sedim ent Coring Loca tion # * Surfa ce Wa ter Sa m ple Loca tion $ + Site Fea ture Z one of Conta m ina tion Wetla nd Fronta ge Fishery
April 2016EPA Sediment Sampling Fr om November 10 through 13 and on November 16, 2015, EPA collected surface water and sediment samples from Wappinger Creek [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 14

– 37, 45

– 70; 25, pp. 1

– 6, 8

– 13, 30

– 64]. Samples were collected from the tidal portion of Wappinger C reek adjacent to and downstream of the industrial park [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 15

– 25, 30

– 31, 45

– 61; 25, pp. 4, 8

– 11]. Upstream samples were collected above Wappingers Falls from Wappinger Lake and from Wappinger Creek upstream of the lake [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 29, 61

– 68; 25, pp. 5, 9, 11

– 12, 57

– 60]. The sediment sa mples in the tidal portion of the creek were collected from similar locations as those identified by NYSDEC in 2001/2003 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 6, p. 32]. The sediment sampling and analysis by EPA documents an observed release by chemical analysis along the surface water migration pathway adjacent to and downstream of the industrial park [See Section 4.1.2.1 ]. Sediment sample a nalytical results report the presence of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene at concentrations significantly above backgroun d concentrations in th e tidal p ortion of Wappinger C reek , delineating a zone of contamination that extend s from th e in dustrial park to approx imately 0. 2 5 mile u pstream of the C R 2 8 Bridge [ Figure 2 ; s ee Section 4.1.2.1 ]. With the exception of an estimated con centration of cis -1 ,2 -d icholo roethene ( DCE ) detected in a surface water sample collected at the mouth of the former Three Star lagoon (0269

- SW0 6) at the industrial park , analytical results for the surface water samples collected adjacent to and downstream of the industrial park reported non

- detect values for organic contaminants of concern [Ref. 17, p. 16; 31 , p p. 27

– 68]. Detections of inorganic constituents in surface water were comparable to upstream concentrations [Ref. 45, pp. 15

– 1 6, 23

– 37, 41

– 46]. Six ( including one environmental duplicate sample) of the sediment samples were also analyzed for dioxins and furans by a non

- EPA laboratory [Ref. 17, p. 31; 25, pp. 3, 5 , 49

– 50, 55; 39, pp. 5, 11, 17; 40, pp. 5, 10, 24 ]. Results for two (0269

- SED12

- 12

- 24 and 0269

- SED14 -6- 12) of the sediment samples collected adjacent to the industrial park at depths of 6

– 12 and 12

– 24 inches report 2,3,7,8

- tet rachlorodibenzo -p- dioxin (2,3,7,8

- TCDD) equivalent (hereafter referred to as “dioxin”) concentrations that exceed the NYSDEC fresh water sedime nt guidance value (SGV) for dioxin [Ref. 25, p. 19; 46, pp. 1

– 6, 9

– 10, 12]. Dioxin is produced by a number of pr ocesses, including the burning of coal and chlorine bleaching, both of which are known to have been conducted at the industrial park [Ref. 7, p. 15; 9, p. 25; 47, p.3]. Si x (including one environmental duplicate sample) of the sediment samples were also a nalyzed for methyl mercury by a non

- EPA laboratory [Ref. 25, pp. 2, 46]. The reported methyl mercury concentrations ranged from non

- detect to 1.3 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) [Ref. 34, pp. 3, 5]. Th e segment of Wappinger Creek under consideration (i.e ., the tidal portion of the creek ) is utilized for fishing for human consumption and secondary contact recreation [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 3, pp. 6, 12; 16, pp. 2

– 3; 17, p. 20]
. W alking trails and public spaces provide access to the shoreline [ Ref. 14, p. 2] . The embayment includes wetland frontage of 0. 2 mile that fronts the zone of contamination [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 24, p. 1 ]
.

15SD

- Characterization and Containment SO URCE DESCRIPTION 2.2 S OURCE CHARACTERIZATION 2. 2 .1 Source Identification Number of the source: Source No. 1 Name and description of the source: Wappinger Creek contaminated sediments Source Type: Other

– contaminated sediments with no identified source So urce 1 consists of contaminated sediments in the tidal portion of Wappinger Creek
. Sediment samples collected by EPA in November 2015, document that hazardous substances (i.e., mercury and benzo[a]pyrene) are present in sediment at levels that meet the criteria for observed release by chemical analysis [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.2.1.1] . From November 10 through 13 and on November 16, 2015, EPA collected surface water and sediment samples from Wappinger Creek [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 14

– 37, 45

– 70; 25, pp. 1

– 6, 8

– 13, 30

– 64]. Samples were collected from throughout the tidal portion of the creek , from the industrial park to just upstream of the confluence with the Hudson River [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 15

– 25, 30

– 31, 45

– 61; 25, pp. 4, 8

– 11]. Upstream samples were collected above Wappingers Falls from Wappinger Lake and from Wappinger Creek upstream of the lake [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 29, 61

– 68; 25, pp. 5, 9, 11

– 12; 57

– 60]. The Wappinger Creek samples in the tidal portion of the creek were collected in an upstream, or northerly, direction starting downstream of the CR 28 bridge near the confluence with the Hudson River to the bulk

- headed portion of the creek between the northern and southern portions of the industrial park [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 15

– 25, 30

– 31, 48

– 49; 25, pp. 8

– 11]. The sediment samples were collected from similar locations to those sampled by NYSDEC in 2001/2003 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 6, p. 32]. Sediment samples from above Wappingers Falls were also collected in an upstream direction, starting at the southern end of Wappinger Lake to the samples in Wappinger Creek upstream of the lake [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 29, 32

– 34]. All of the sediment samples were collected from a boat using Vibracore push coring technology [Ref. 17, pp. 18

– 25, 49

– 57, 59, 63

– 66; 25, p .5]
. With one exception due to low recovery or refusal, the sediment samples were collected from depth intervals of 0

– 6, 6– 12, and 12

– 24 inches [Ref. 17, pp. 19

– 21, 24

– 25, 31, 36, 54, 64

– 65; 25, pp. 5, 9

– 12]. The industrial park is located approximately 0.2 miles downstream of the falls separating Wappinger Lake from Wappin ger Creek. The industrial park is located on both the north and south banks of Wappinger Creek, with two bridges connecting the banks. Industrial activities have occurred at the industrial p ark location for more than 18 0 years [Ref. 9, p. 3]
. Th e surface water and sediment samples collected by EPA were analyzed under the EPA Contract Laboratory Program ( CLP ) for Organic Target Analyte List ( TAL ) v olatile organic compounds ( VOCs ) and semi

- volatile organic compounds ( SVOCs ) , and Inorganic TAL parameters (including mercury) [Ref. 11, p. 3; 17, pp. 18, 21, 25, 31, 35; 25, pp. 1

– 3, 6, 30

– 38, 41

– 45 51

– 52, 56

– 60, 65

– 72, 75

– 76, 79

– 80; 55, p. 1; 56, p. 1; 58, p. 1; 60, p. 1; 61, p. 1; 62, p .3; 64, p. 3; 65, p. 3; 66, p. 3]. All of the sediment samples were also analyzed by non

- CLP laboratories for total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size distribution [Ref. 17, pp. 25, 31, 35

– 36; 25, pp. 1

– 3, 5, 39

– 40, 47

– 50, 53

– 55, 61

– 64, 74, 77

– 78, 81

– 82; 35, p. 4; 36, p. 4; 37, p. 4; 38, pp. 5

– 22; 39, pp. 3

– 4, 8

– 10, 14

– 16, 20

– 22; 40, pp. 3

– 4; 8, 13

– 23, 35; 41, pp. 3

– 19]. Th e sediment sampling and analysis by EPA documents an observed release by chemical analysis along the surface water migration pathway [s ee Section 4.1.2.1 of this HRS documentation record]. CLP analytical results report the presence of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene at concentrations significantly above background in the tidal creek main channel [See Section 4.1.2.1 of this HRS documentation record ] The zone of actual contamination extends from EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED14 to EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED04, a distance of approximately 1.2 miles (6,082 feet) downstream, and includes sediment samples 0269

- SED14 -0- 6, 0269

- SED19 -0- 6, 0269

- SED19 -6- 12 , 0269

- SED19

- 12

- 24, 0269

- SED07 -0- 6, 0269

- SED06 -0- 6, and 0269

- SED04 -6- 12 [ Figure 2 ]
. See Section 4 .1.2.1 of this HRS documentation record for information needed to establish that these sediment samples meet observed release criteria.

16SWOF

- Observed Release B ecause they are located in a similar tidal environment, and can be used to characterize contaminant contributions from the Hudson River, EPA sediment sampling locations 0269

- SED01 and 0269

- SED02 are evaluated as representing background conditions in the Wappinger Creek main channel [ Figure 2 ; Ref.1, Section 4.1.2.1.1]. A s further discussed in Section 4.1.2. 1 of this HRS documentation record , due to the length of time multiple varying industrial activities have been conducted along the upstream end of the tidal portion of Wappinger C reek at the industrial park, the presence of a various industrial and commercial activities upstream , and the discharge of village storm water to Wappinger Creek, the number of possible sources of the sediment contamination is too nu merous to specifically determine which have caused a significant increase in the contamination documented in the observed release
. Location of the source, with reference to a map of the site: W appinger Creek sediment contamination extends from EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED14 to 0269

- SED04, a distance of approximately 1.2 miles [s ee Section 4.1.2.1 ] . The zone of contamination is depicted on Figure 2
. Containment R elease to surface water via overland migration and/or flood : T he presence of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene provides evidence that hazardous substances have migrated to Wappinger Creek [see Section 4.1.2.1 of this HRS documentation record ]. During the November 2015 sediment sampling, neither of the following were observed or encoun tered while advancing the Vibracore: (1) maintained engineered cover, or (2) functioning and maintained run

- on control system and runoff management system [Ref. 1, Table 4

- 2; 17, pp. 18

– 25, 29

– 30, 50

– 51, 53

– 55, 57]. Based on the documented migration of co ntamination (i.e., mercury and benzo[a]pyrene) in Wappinger Creek sediments and the lack of containment features preventing further migration of the contamination, a surface water containment factor value for overland migration of 10 is assigned for this s ource [Ref.1, Table 4

- 2].

17SD

- Hazardous Substances Source No.: 1 2. 2.2 Hazardous Substances S ampling and analysis by EPA in November 2015 show the presence of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene in Wappinger Creek sediments at concentrations significantly ab ove background concentrations [See Section 4.1.2.1 of this HRS documentation record ]
. A zone of actual contamination extends from EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED14 to 0269

- SED04, a distance of approximately 1.2 miles [ Figure 2 ]. Mercury and benzo(a)pyrene were detected at maximum concentrations of 16.7 mg/kg (0269

- SED04 -6- 12) and 2,100 μg/kg (0269

- SED14 -0- 6 and 0269

- SED19

- 6- 12) , respectively [Ref. 33, p. 102; 42, p. 32; 48, p. 39 ; 55, p. 538; 61, p. 838; 64, p. 598 ]
. Refer to Section 4.1.2. 1 of this HRS documentation record for information supporting the significant increase above background levels of these substances.

18SD- Hazardous Waste Quantity Source No.: 1 2.4.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity 2.4.2.1.1 Tier A – Hazardous Constituent Quantity T he hazardous constituent quantity for Source 1 could not be adequately determined according to the HRS requirements; that is, the total mass of all Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) hazardous substanc es in the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.1]. T here are insufficient historical and current data [m anifests, potentially responsible party ( PRP ) records, State re cords, p ermits, w aste concentration data, etc. ] available to adequately calculate the total or partial mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient information to evaluate the associated releases from the source to calculate the hazardous constituent quantity for Source 1 with reasonable confidence . As a result, the evaluation of hazardous waste quantity proceeds to the evaluation of Tier B , H azardous W astestream Q uanti ty [Ref 1, Section 2.4.2.1.1]
. H azardous Constituent Quantity (C) Value: NS 2.4.2.1.2 Tier B – Hazardous Wastestream Quantity T he hazardous waste stream quantity for Source 1 could not be adequately determined according to the HRS requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams plus the mass of any additional CERCLA pollutants and contaminants in the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confi dence [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.2 ]. T here are insufficient historical and current data ( m anifests, PRP records, State records, p ermits, w aste concentration data, etc.) available to adequately calcu late the total mass or partial mass of the hazardous wastestreams plus the mass of all CERCLA pollutants and contaminants in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient information to evaluate the associated releases from the source to calculate the hazardous wastestream quantity for Source 1 with reasonable confidence
. Scoring proceeds to the evaluation of Tier C , Volume [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.2]. Hazardous Wastes tream Quantity (W ) Value: NS 2.4.2.1.3 Tier C – Volume A zone of contamination has been identified that extends from EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED14 to 0269

- SED04, a distance of approximately 1.2 miles (6,082 feet) downstream; however, significant detections of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene are not continuous throughout the zone [ s ee Section 4.1.2.1 of this HRS documentation record ]. Therefore, the total volume of contaminated sediment is unknown and is considered to be greater than 0 (>0) cubic yards (yd 3 ). The source type is “Other,” so the volume value is divided by 2.5 to obtain the assigned value shown below [Ref
. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.3]. D imension of source (yd 3 ) : >0 yd 3 Volume (V) Assigned Value: >0 /2.5 = > 0 2.4.2.1.4 Tier D – Area T he Tier D is not evaluated for source type “Other” [Ref
. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.4]. A rea (A) Assigned Value: 0

192.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value T he source hazardous waste quantity value for Source 1 is >0 for Tier C – Volume [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2 , 2.4.2.1.4 ]. S ource Hazardous Waste Quantity Value: >0

20SD

- Summary S ITE SUMMARY OF SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS TABLE 1 . HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY AND CONTAINMENT

Source Number Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value Containment Ground Water Surface Water Air Gas Particulate 1 >0 NS 10 NS NS N S = Not Scored

21SWOF

- Surface Water Overland Flow/Flood Migration Pathway 4 .1 OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT 4. 1.1.1 Definition of Hazardous Substance Migration Path for Overland/Flood Component T he tidal portion of Wappinger Creek begins downstream of Wappingers Falls, upstream of the i ndustrial park , and extends for approximately 2 miles downstream to the confluence with the Hudson River [ Figure s 2 and 3 ; Ref. 6, p. 68] . Water levels in the creek can typically fluctuate as much as 4 feet during the tidal cycle of the Hudson River [Ref. 6, p. 68] . In the vicinity of the industrial park, the creek is approximately 90 feet wide; retaining walls border both sides of the creek in this rea ch [Ref. 6, p. 69; 17, pp. 48

– 49] . Downstream, the creek width expands to approximately 800 feet [Ref. 6, p. 70]. The width is constricted to approximately 140 feet and 250 fe et wide by the CR 28 bridge and a railroad bridge, respectively, as the creek a pproaches the Hudson River [Ref. 6, p. 70] . Water depths in the creek range from less than 5 feet to approximately 25 feet, with the greatest depth beneath the CR 28 bridge [Ref. 6, p. 70] . The composition of the creek b ed varies from rocks and cobble s i n the fast

- moving reach near the industrial park to silt and organic matter in low

- flow areas [Ref. 6 , p. 69

– 70 ]. A shallow embayment is located along the northern shore of Wappinger Creek approximately 0.75 mile downstream of the industrial park [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 6, p. 69 ]. This emb ayment is approximately 240,000 ft 2 (approximately 800 feet by 300 feet) and is fronted by Palustrine Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland (PFO1S) [Ref. 24 , p. 1 ] . Sediment in this embayment is primarily of silt and organic matter and supports aquatic emergent and submerged plant growth throughout [Ref. 6, pp. 9, 70] . The main currents of the tidal portion of the creek bypass the embayment , which experiences minimal water velocity and can generally be described as quiescent [Ref. 6 , p. 70]
. The Wappinger Greenway, which includes the Wappinger Greenway Trail, runs along the west

- northwestern bank of Wappinger Creek from just downstream of the industrial park t o the CR 28 b ridge, and includes the embayment [Ref. 14, p. 2]
. The Wappinger Greenway Trail links historical, cultural, natural, and economic resources of local and regional significance and provides access to the shoreline [Ref. 14, p. 2]
. The source under evaluation for the site is contaminated sediments with no identified source [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.1. 1]
. The in

- water segment of the 15 -m ile target distance limit (TDL) for the surface water pathway begins at the upstream boundary of the zone of contamination (i.e., EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED14 ) [ Figure s 2 and 3 ; Ref. 1, Section 4 .1.1.2 ]. The surface water migration pathway for the Wappinger Creek site extends for approximately 2 miles along the tidal creek to the Hudson River [ Figure 3 ]. The 15

- mile TDL terminates in the Hudson River to at least 13 miles south and downstream of Wappinger Creek , but contamination may also extend upstrea m in the Hudson River due to tidal carry [ Figure 3 ].

22

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# * Beginning of 15-Mile TDL, Sediment Sampling Location 0269-SED14 Wappinger Creek

End of 15-mile TDL 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

15 14 13 12 11 10

DRAWING TITLE: CLIENT NAME:

PROJECT NAME: REPORT DATE:

REVISION No.

WORK ORDER No. PROJECT MANAGER:

CHECKED BY:

CONTRACT No.

DRAWN/MODIFIED BY: DATE CREATED: DRAWING: PATH:

FIGURE: SCALE: DATE: 

# Weston Solutions, Inc. 205 Campus Drive Edison, New Jersey 08837-3939

TEL: (732) 417-5800 Fax: (732) 417-5801 http://www.westonsolutions.com 

# 15-Mile Surface Water Pathway Map Wappinger Creek

3 3/14/2016 EPA

Wappinger Creek April 2016

17483_WappingerCreek_15_Mile_Pathway_R1.mxd



### 1
20408.012.004.0269.00 S. Synder S. Synder

EP-S13-08-01 J. Heaton 11/23/2015 SM P:\SAT2\Wappinger Creek\MXD\



## 1 " = 2,800 ' 

# ¬ 2,800 0 2,800 1,400 

### Graphic Scale in Feet SOURCES: 1. U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS). 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic) Quadrangles: Wappinger Falls, NY, 1981; Pughkeepsie 1995; West Point, NY, 1981; Clintondale, NY 1957; Newburgh NY, 1957; Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY, 1994; Oscawana Lake, NY, 1979; Hopewell Junction, NY, 1981; Pleasant Valley, NY, 1989; Salt Point, NY, 1978; Millbrook, NY, 1989; Verbank, NY, 1976; Poughquag, NY, 1989; Lake Carmel, NY, 1998. 2. U.S Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Petersburg, FL. National Wetlands Inventory. http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/State-Downloads.html. October 1, 2015. 

# LEGEND

HRS Eligible Wetlands 15-Mile Surface Water Pathway Surface Water Pathway Mile Marker 

# # *

1SWOF

- Observed Release 4. 1.2.1 Likelihood of Release 4.1.2.1.1 Observed Release A n observed release to surface water is docum ented by chemical analysis. Chemical Analysis S ediment samples collected by EPA adjacent to and downstream of the industrial park in November 2015, document that hazardous substance s (i.e., mercury and benzo[a]pyrene) are present in sediment at levels that meet the criteria for observed release by chemical analysis [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.2.1.1]
. From November 10 through 13 and on November 16, 2015, EPA collecte d surface water and sediment samples from Wappinger Creek [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 14

– 37, 45

– 70 ; 25, pp. 1

– 6, 8

– 13, 30

– 64] . Samples were collected from throughout the tidal portion of Wappinger C reek , from the industrial park to just upstream of the conflu ence with the Hudson River [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 15

– 25, 30

– 31, 45

– 61; 24; 25, pp. 8

– 11] . Upstream samples were collected above Wappingers Falls from Wappinger Lake and from Wappinger Creek upstream of the lake [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 29, 32

– 37, 61

– 68 ; 2 5, pp. 9, 11

– 12] . The Wappinger Creek samples were collected in an upstream, or northerly, direction starting downstream of the CR 28 bridge near the confluence with the Hudson River to just downstream of the bulk

- headed portion of the creek between the n orthern and southern portions of the industrial park [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 15

– 25, 30

– 31, 48

– 49 ; 25, p p. 8– 11 ] . The sediment samples were collected from similar locations as those identified by NYSDEC in 2001/2003 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 6, p. 32] . Sediment samples upstream of Wappingers Falls were also collected in an upstream direction, starting at the southern end of Wappinger Lake to the samples in Wappinger Creek upstream of the lake [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 29, 32

– 34]
. All of the sediment sa mples were collected from a boat using Vibracore push coring technology [Ref. 17, pp . 18

– 25, 49

– 57, 59, 63

– 66; 25, p. 5] . With one exception due to low recovery or refusal, the sediment samples were collected from depth intervals of 0

– 6, 6

– 12, and 12

– 24 i nches [Ref . 17, pp. 19

– 21, 24

– 25, 31, 36, 54, 64

– 65; 25, pp. 5, 9

– 12 ]. T he surface water and sediment samples collected by EPA were analyzed under the EPA CLP for Organic TAL VOCs and SVOCs, and Inorganic TAL parameters (including mercury ) [Ref. 11, p. 3; 17, pp. 18, 21, 25, 31, 35; 25, pp. 1

– 3, 6, 30

– 38, 41

– 45 51

– 52, 56

– 60, 65

– 72, 75

– 76, 79

– 80; 55, p. 1; 56, p. 1; 58, p. 1; 60, p. 1; 61, p. 1; 62, p .3; 64, p. 3; 65, p. 3; 66, p. 3]. All of the sediment samples were also analyzed by non

- CLP laboratorie s for total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size distribution [Ref. 17, pp. 25, 31, 35

– 36; 25, pp. 1

– 3, 5, 39

– 40, 47

– 50, 53

– 55, 61

– 64, 74, 77

– 78, 81

– 82; 35, p. 4; 36, p. 4; 37, p. 4; 38, pp. 5

– 22; 39, pp. 3

– 4, 8

– 10, 14

– 16, 20

– 22; 40, pp. 3

– 4; 8, 13

– 23, 35; 41, pp. 3

– 19]. T he sediment sampling and analysis by EPA documents an observed release of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene by chemical analysis along the surface water migration pathway downstream from the industrial park to approximately 0.25 upstream of the C R 28 b ridge [ Figure 2 ; Tables 3 and 5 ]. The zone of contamination extends from EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED 14 , a djacent to the west bridge of the industrial park to EPA sediment sampling location 0269

- SED04, approximately 1.2 mile s (6,082 feet) downstream [ Figure 2 ]. B ecause they are located in a similar tidal environment as the observed release samples , and can be used to characterize contaminant contributions from the Hudson River, EPA sediment sampling locations 0269

- SED01 and 0269

- SED02 are evaluated as representing background conditions in the Wappinger Creek main channel [ Figure 2 ; 6, p. 68 ]
. Six background sediment samples (and one duplicate sample) were collected from two locations ( 0269

- SED

- 01 and 0269

- SED02). 0269

- SED01 was located near the confluence with the Hudson River, and 0269

- SED02 was located just upstream of the C R 28 Bridge [ Figure 2 ]. Samples were collected from depth intervals of 0

- 6 inches, 6- 12 inches, and 12

- 24 inches at both locations. M ercury concentrations of the background samples ranged from below analytical detection levels in sediment sample 0269

- SED01

- 12

- 24 (depth: 12

– 24 inches) to 0.57 J - (the result is an estimated quan tity, but the result may be biased low) mg/kg in sediment sample 0269

- SED01 -0- 6 (depth: 0

– 6 inches) [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 25, p. 33; 48, pp. 2, 10, 18; 64, p. 587

– 588 ]
. Because the reported result for 0269

- SED01 -0-6 of 0.57 (J- ) represents the maximum background concentration, and is

24SWOF

- Observed Release used in the observed release evaluation to account for the possible low bias in the 0.57(J

- ) sample result, EPA projected the possible impact of this the value was adjusted per EPA Quick Reference Fact Sheet Using Qualified Data to Document an Observed Release and Observed Contamination ; t he adjusted result is 1.04 mg/kg (0.57 x 1.83) [Ref. 51, pp. 5

– 8, 18] . Percent (%) solids in the background samples designate d for inorganic analysis ranged from 49.4% in sediment sample 0269

- SED22 -0- 6 (environmental duplicate of 0269

- SED02 -0- 6) to 72.8% in sediment sample 0269

- SED01

- 12

- 24 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 25, p. 35; 48, pp. 18, 54]. The HRS significant increase criteria were verified in consider ation of this projected adjustment
. B enzo(a)pyrene concentrations were below analytical detection levels with the detection limit range of 200

- 290 μg/kg in all of the background samples [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 25, p. 35; 32, pp. 2, 24, 29 ; 60 , pp. 576, 591 ]
. Percent solids in the background samples designated for organic analyses ranged from 50.4% in sediment sample 0269

- SED22 -0- 6 to 71.5% in sediment sample 0269

- SED01 -6- 12 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 25, p. 35; 32, pp. 23, 106]. Total organic carbon (T OC) concentrations in the background sediment samples ranged from 19,000 mg/kg in sediment sample 0269

- SED01

- 12

- 24 to 34,600 mg/kg in sediment sample 0269

- SED02 -0- 6 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 25, p. 47; 36, p. 5]. Percent total fines (silt and clay) in the backgroun d samples ranged from 27.5% in sediment sample 0269

- SED01 -6- 12 to 86.5% in sediment sample 0269

- SED02 -6- 12 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 25, p. 39; 38, pp. 7, 10; 49, p. 1]. S ampling and analysis by EPA in November 2015 show the presence of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene at concentrations significantly above background at two and seven sample locations , respectively . Table s 2 and 4 show the physical characteristics of the samples that document maximum background , and observed release concentrations ; Table s 3 and 5 present the mercury and benzo(a)pyrene results that meet observed release criteria
. In order to show that the increase in contaminant (i.e., mercury and benzo[a]pyrene) concentrations are not due to any of the differences between background and release sediment sample characteristics, release concentrations are compared to the maximum reported background concentration in the observed release evaluation , as opposed to comparing them to the maximum concentration in the corresponding depth intervals o f the background samples
.

25SWOF

- Observed Release B ackground and Observed Release Sample Physical Characteristics EPA Background and Release Sediment Samples, November 2015 TABLE 2 . BACKGROUND AND RELEASE SAMPLE INFORMATION

– MERCURY

Field Sample ID I norganic CLP No. Sa mple Date Sa mple Time Height of Water Column ( ft ) Depth below top of sediment (in) Solids (%) TOC (mg/kg) Total Coarse

(%) Total Fines (Silt and Clay) (%) References Background Sample 0269

- SED01 -0-6 M BC775 11/11/15 1335 16.5 0–6 69.8 19,700 27 69 17, p. 18

– 19; 25, pp. 35, 39, 47

– 48; 36, p. 7; 38, p. 5; 48, p. 10; 49, p. 1 ; 64, p. 587
. Release Samples 0269

- SED04 -6- 12 MBC786 11/11/15 1630 2 6– 12 57.8 25,500 61.2 37 17, p. 2 0; 25, pp. 34, 39, 47; 36, p. 6; 38, p. 16; 48, p. 39; 49, p. 1 ; 64, p. 598
. 0269

- SED06 -0-6 MBC790 11/12/15 1000 3.8 0–6 74.9 12,400 88.5 10.5 17, pp. 22

– 24; 25, pp. 43, 39, 48; 36, p. 6; 38, p. 20; 48, p. 46; 49, p. 1; 64, p. 60 2
. f t = feet. in = inches. TOC = total organic carbon. mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram.

26SWOF

- Observed Releas e B ackground and Observed Release Concentrations EPA Background and Release Sediment Samples, November 2015 TABLE 3 . BACKGROUND AND RELEASE CONCENTRATIONS

– MERCURY Maximum Background Concentration Release Concentrations Field Sample ID 0269

- SED01

- 0

- 6 0269

- SED06

- 0

- 6 0269

- SED04

- 6

- 12 EPA Sample No. MBC775 MBC790 MBC786 Sample Date 11/11/15 11/12/15 11/11/15 Depth (inches) 0

– 6 0

– 6 6

– 12 Result Bias Adjustment Factor Adjusted Result RDL ** Result RDL** Result RDL ** Mercury 0.57 J

- * Low 0.57 x 1.83 1.04 0.1 5 3.5 0. 76 16.7 1.8 References 17, p. 19; 25, p. 33; 48, pp. 2, 6

– 8 , 10, 6 6 ; 51, pp. 7

– 8, 18 ; 64, p. 587
. 17, p p. 22

– 24; 25, p. 43; 48, pp. 6

– 8, 46, 6 6 ; 64, p. 602
. 17, p. 20; 25, p. 34; 48, pp. 6

– 8, 39, 6 6 ; 64, p. 598
. M ercury concentrations presented in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). RDL = Reporting Detection Limit
. J- = The result is an estimated quantity, but the result may be biased low [Ref. 48, p. 2]. * T he “J

- ” q ualified result was adjusted per EPA Quick Reference Fact Sheet Using Qualified Data to Document and Observed Release and Observed Contamination [Ref. 51 , pp. 5– 8, 18 ]. **The RDL for each result is the contract

- required quantitation limit (CRQL) adjuste d for sample and method [Ref. 30, p. 8]. Since the samples were analyzed through the CLP, these adjusted CRQLs are used in place of the HRS

- defined sample quantitation limit ( SQL ) [Ref. 1, Sections 1.1 and 2.3]. N

otes on sample s

• R elease sample concentra tions are compared to the maximum background concentration. • Sampling Methods: The background and release samples were all collected from the tidal creek main channel by EPA, using an EP A SOP, during the same sample event in November 2015 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 19

– 24, 31; 25, pp. 4, 33

– 34, 43

– 45, 52 ; 29, pp. 16, 22

– 23]. • Analytical Procedures: The background and release samples were all analyzed for Inorganic TAL parameters (including mercury) via EPA CLP Statement of Work (SOW) ISOM02.2 [Analytical Method : Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption (CVAA)] by the same laboratory (Shealy Environmental Services of West Columbia, South Carolina) [Ref. 17, pp. 19

– 21, 24

– 25, 31; 25, pp. 1

– 2, 33

– 34, 43

– 45, 52, 70, 72, 76 ; 64, pp. 3, 587, 598, 602] . The chemical analyses were coordinated through the EPA CLP; EPA validated the data according to EPA Region 2 data validation guidelines [Sample Delivery Group (SDG): MBC775] [Ref. 48, pp. 1

– 8; 64, p. 3]
. • S ample Description: TOC and Grain Size analyses show that background sediment sample contains a similar or greater concentration of TOC and a higher percentage of fine

- grained material (i.e., clay and silt) than the release samples [see Table 2 ]. Therefore, the background samples have a similar or greater affinity for contaminants such as mercury [53, p. 6].

27SWOF

- Observed Release B ackground and Observed Release Sample Physical Characteristics EPA Background and Release Sediment Samples, November 2015 TABLE 4 . BACKGROUND AND RELEASE SAMPLE INFORMATION

– BENZO(A)PYRENE Field Sample ID Organic CLP No. Sample Date Sample Time Height of Water Column (ft) Depth below top of sediment (in) Solids (%) TOC (mg/kg) Total Coarse

(%) Total Fines (Silt and Clay) (%) References
Background Sample 0269

- SED02 -0-6 BC778 11/11/15 1500 4.8 0–6 48.9 34,600 11 79 17, p. 20; 25, pp. 35, 39, 4 7 ; 32, p. 28; 36, p. 5; 38, p. 8; 49, p. 1 ; 60, p. 591
. Release Samples 0269

- SED14 -0-6 BC7B4 11/13/15 1220 8.2 0–6 83.1 32,800 92 7.5 17, pp. 30

– 31; 25, pp. 54

– 56; 35, p. 6; 42, p. 31; 39, p. 15; 49, p. 2; 55, p. 538
. 0269

- SED19 -0-6 BC7C9 11/12/15 1530

10. 7 0–6 82.1 16,100 96.5 3 17, pp. 23, 25; 25, pp. 41, 54

– 55; 33, p. 91; 35, p. 6; 39, p. 20; 49, p. 2; 61, p. 74 7
. 0269

- SED19 -6- 12 BC7D1 11/12/15 1540 6– 12 86 7,740 97 2.5 17, pp. 23, 25; 25, pp. 41, 54

– 55; 33, p. 10 1; 35, p. 7; 39, p. 22; 49, p. 2 ; 61, p. 838
. 0269

- SED19

- 12

- 24 BC7D0 11/12/15 1550 12

– 24 80.2 27,400 90.5 9 17, pp. 23, 25; 25, pp. 41, 54

– 55; 33, p. 96; 35, p. 7; 39, p. 21; 49, p. 2; 61, p. 79 4
. 0269

- SED07 -0-6 BC793 11/12/15 1045 3.4 0–6 58.1 35,200 72.5 27 17, pp. 22, 24; 25, pp. 43, 48

– 49, 32, p. 10 3; 36, p. 6; 40, p. 3; 49, p. 2; 60, p. 94 3
. 0269

- SED06 -0-6 BC790 11/12/15 1000 3.8 0–6 73.5 12,400 88.5 10.5 17, pp. 22, 24; 25, pp. 37, 39, 48; 32, p. 88; 36, p. 6; 38, p. 20; 49, p. 1; 60, p. 84 1
. 0269

- SED04 -6- 12 BC786 11/1 1 /15 1630 2 6– 12 58.9 25,500 61.2 37 17, p. 20; 25, pp. 36, 39, 47; 32, p. 66; 36, p. 6; 38, p. 16; 49, p. 1; 60, p. 736
. ft

= fee t. in = inches
. TOC = total organic carbon
. mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram
.

28SWOF

- Observed Release Ba ckground and Observed Release Concentrations EPA Background and Release Sediment Samples, November 2015 TABLE 5 . BACKGROUND AND RELEASE CONCENTRATIONS

– BENZO(A)PYRENE Maximum Background Concentration Release Concentrations Field Sample ID 0269

- SED02 -0-6 0269

- SED19

- 6

- 12 0269

- SED19

- 12

- 24 0269

- SED07

- 0

- 6 0268

- SED06

- 0

- 6 0269

- SED04

- 6

- 12 0269

- SED14

- 0

- 6 0269

- SED19

- 0

- 6 EPA Sample No. BC778 BC7D1 BC7D0 BC793 BC790 BC786 BC7B4 BC7C9 Sample Date 11/11/15 11/12/15 11/12/15 11/12/15 11/12/15 11/1 1 /15 11/13/15 11/12/15 Depth (inches) 0–6 6– 12 12

– 24 0–6 0–6 6– 12 0–6 0–6 Re sult RDL * Result RDL * Result RDL * Result RDL * Result RDL * Result RDL * Result RDL * Result RDL * Benzo(a)pyrene 350 U 350 2,100 200 700 210 480 290 1,000 230 1,200 290 2,100 200 1,100 210 References 17, p. 20; 25, p. 35; 32, pp. 7– 10,

29, 14 1 ; 60, p. 591
. 17, p. 25; 25, p. 41; 33, pp. 7– 10, 102, 15 5 ;

61, p. 838
. 17, p. 25; 25, p. 41; 33, pp. 7– 10, 97, 15 4 ; 61, p. 794
. 17, p. 24; 25, p. 37; 32, pp. 7– 10, 104, 15 5 ;

60, p. 943
. 17, p. 24; 25, p. 37; 32, pp. 7– 10, 89, 15 2 ; 60, p. 841
. 17, p. 2 0 ; 25, p. 36; 32, pp. 7– 10, 67, 1 48 ; 60, p. 736
. 17, p. 31; 25, p. 56; 42, pp. 6– 10, 32, 14 5 ; 55, p. 538
. 17, p. 25; 25, p. 41; 33, pp. 7– 10, 92, 15 3 ; 61, p. 747
. Ben zo(a)pyrene concentrations reported in micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg). RDL = Reporting Detection Limit
. U = The analyte was analyzed for, but was not detected at a level greater than or equal to the level of the adjusted Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL) (i.e., SQL) for sample and method. * The RDL for each result is the CRQL adjusted for sample and method [Ref. 30, p. 8]. Since the samples were analyzed through the CLP, these adjuste d CRQLs are used in place of the HRS

- defined sample quantitation limit SQL [Ref. 1, Sections 1.1 and 2.3].

29SWOF

- Observed Release N

otes on sample s

• R elease sample concentrations are compared to the maximum background concentration , or the detection limit if the concentration of the sample was below analytical detection levels. • Sampling Methods: The background and release samples were all collected from the tidal creek main channel by EPA, using an EPA SOP, during the same sample event in N ovember 2015 [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 19

– 21, 24

– 25; 25, pp. 4, 35

– 37, 41; 29, pp. 16, 22

– 23]. • Analytical Procedures: The background and release samples were all analyzed for Organic TAL SVOCs via EPA SOW SOM02.2 by the same laboratory (Chemtech Consulting G roup of Mountainside, New Jersey) [Ref. 17, pp. 18, 21, 25; 25, pp. 1

– 3, 35

– 37, 41, 56, 69, 71; 55, pp. 1, 538; 60, pp. 1, 591, 736, 841, 943; 61, pp. 1, 747, 794, 838] . The chemical analyses were coordinated through the EPA CLP; EPA validated the data ac cording to EPA Region 2 data validation guidelines (SDGs: BC775, BC794, an d B C7A7) [Ref. 32, pp. 1

– 10; 33, pp. 1

– 10; 42, pp. 1

– 10; 55, p. 1; 60, p. 1; 61, p. 1]
. • S ample Description: TOC and Grain Size analyses show that the background sediment sample contains a g reater concentration of TOC than most of the release samples and a higher percentage of fine

- graine d m aterial (i.e., clay and silt) than all of the release samples [see Table 4 ]. Therefore, the background sample has a greater affinity for contaminants such as benzo(a)pyrene than most of the release samples [Ref. 43, p. 11]. Attribution W hile many possible sources of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene exist in the Wappinger Creek watershed upstream of the contamin ated sediments, it is not possible to attribute the increase in concentration of these substances to any particular historic operation or release because of the large number of historic activities at the industrial park a nd in the surrounding watershed . As discussed below, there are many different types of operations that may have released these substances at the industrial park, but sampling failed to demonstrate attribution of the increase in contaminant levels to any spec ific source. S ediments in the tidal portion of Wappinger Creek are contaminated with mercury and benzo(a)pyrene; the zone of contamination extends for a length of approximately 1.2 miles [ Figure 2 ]. Benzo(a)pyrene is a PAH, which are a group of more than 100 different chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, garbage, or other organic substances [Ref. 22, pp. 1

- 2]. A few PAH compounds are use d in making dyes [Ref. 22, p. 1]. As discussed below, there are a number of possible sources of mercury and benzo(a)pyrene at the site. I ndustrial Park E PA investigated the i ndustrial park area in an attempt to identify a facility at the park to which the mercury and benzo(a)pyrene releases could be attributed. While it is probable that at least part of the contamination came from this area, it was not possible to identify any single facilit y at the park from which the contamination originated. Industrial activities have been conducted at the i ndustrial p ark location for more than 180 years [Ref. 9, p. 3]. Past uses of the location have included textile dyeing, M anufactured G as P lant (MGP) o perations, metal plating, plastic mold injection, felt hat manufacturing, ammunition production, chemical manufacturing and distribution, and several other industrial and commercial activities including a metal plating facility, the Three Star Facility [Re f. 7, pp. 9, 14

– 15; 9, p. 3] . Buildings within the industrial park associated with the metal plating facility had floor drains and sanitary faci lities that discharged to Wappinger Creek [Ref. 7, p. 14] . A former raceway and lagoon received industrial wastes from the southern portion of the industrial park [Ref. 7, p. 19]. The “north lagoon”, which covered approximately 0.2 acre on the northern portion, reportedly received wastes from a paint manufactu ring facility in the 1960s [Ref. 6, p. 65]. NYSDEC reported that the lagoon is visible on a 1995 aerial photograph and is located adjacent to Wappinger Creek [Ref. 6, p. 65]. The 1995 aerial photograph obtained by EPA shows a dark area that, based on the NYSDEC description, appears to be the north lagoon adjacent to the north bank of Wappinger Creek [Ref. 13, p. 6].

30SWOF

- Observed Release

Some areas of the industrial park itself are reported to consist of variable fill materials, including coal cinde rs from MGP activities th at occurred on the southern portio n of the industrial p ark [Ref. 7, p p. 15, 203 ]
. MGPs produced fuel by heating coal and then collecting an d purifying the released volatiles [Ref. 21, p. 3]. Th e remaining solid portion of the coal (i.e., coke) was also used for industrial fuel [Ref. 21, p. 3]. The production of manufactured g as generated a den se, oily liquid waste known as coal tar [Ref. 21, p. 4]. Although most of the coal tar was collected for sale and reuse, recovery was incomplete [Ref. 21, p. 4]. Mo st plan ts had tar/water sep arators, which sometimes could not fully separate the two phases [Ref. 21, p. 4]. The resulting tar/water mixture was often discharged to a n earby surface water bod y [Ref. 21 , p. 4]. It was commo n fo r substantial amounts of tar to have leaked from storage and processing facilities contaminating soils and ground water [Ref. 21, p. 4]. The MGP op erated at the industrial p ark for approx imately 38 years [Ref. 7, p . 15]. Benzo(a)p yrene was detected at a concentration of 2,100 μg/kg at EPA sedimen t sample location 0269-SED19 (6 –12 inches), which was located adjacen t to the former MGP area [Ref. 25, p. 19; 33, p. 102]. A M ay 2004 fire at the Three Star facility also likely contributed to PAH contamination of the surrounding area [Ref. 7, p. 16; 22, p. 1; 26, p. 2]. PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, can be found in exhaust from automobiles and trucks, and asphalt roads, and therefore can be ubiquitous to urban and industrial areas [Ref 26, pp. 1

– 2]. Gas sta tions and automobile repair facilities (i.e., facilities where petroleum or petroleum products are used), which are known to exist in Wappingers Falls, are also possible sources of PAHs [Ref. 10, p. 4; 26, p. 3]. Several possible sources of mercury are documented to have existed at the industrial park such as dye manufacture, felt hat manufacture, plastic mold injection, paint manufacturing, electronics reconditioning, and chlorine production [Ref. 7, pp. 9, 14

– 16; 9, p. 25; 15, p. 8 ]
. Mercury (II) nitrate has historically been used in felt hat production [Ref. 20, p. 1]. M ercury can also be released to the environment from the burning of coal, as well as from some methods to produce chlorine [Ref. 23, p. 2]. To e valuate the contribut ion from the industrial park to the contamination at the site EPA collected surface and subsurface soil samples from nine boreholes advanced throughout northern portions (i.e., north of Wappinger Creek and north of Three Star) of the industrial park using direct

- push method in October 2015 [Ref. 25, pp. 17, 19]. S ampling and analysis of soil samples collected by EPA in October 2015 at the industrial park reported the presence of PAHs at multiple locations throughout northern portions of the industrial park , and did not identify a pattern that indicated any particular facility at the park was the source of all the contamination in the contaminated sediments. PAHs were reported in boreholes 0269

- S03 (depth: 1

– 2 feet) and 0269

- S04 (depth: 1

– 2 feet), which were advanced in the area of the former north lagoon; 0269

- S05 (depth: 1

– 2 feet), which was advanced in the northeastern portion of the industrial park, north of Wappinger Creek; and 0269

- S07, which was also advanced near the south bank of Wappinger Creek [Ref . 17, pp. 9

– 11; 18, pp. 24, 31, 36, 41; 25, pp. 7

– 8, 17, 23

– 24; 59, pp. 548, 572, 600, 623]. Based on this sampling, no particular location or facility could be identified as the main source of mercury or benzo(a)pyrene at the industrial park. The f ocus of NYSDEC remedial activity at the i ndustrial park has been the former Three Star Anodizing facility , which includes several buildings in the center of the southern portion of the industrial park that housed the former Three Star metal plating facility, as well as the raceway, lagoon, MGP, and the former Axton Cross chemical manufacturing facility [Ref. 7, pp. 9

– 11, 52

– 62; 15, pp. 12

– 13, 65 ]. NYSDEC identified the former Three Star plating vats as another possible source of contamination [Ref. 7, p p. 9, 54 ]. Wastewater from Three Star was discharged to Wappinger Creek, either directly or via the raceway and lagoon [Ref. 7, pp. 15

– 16, 19]. Soil and ground water sampling indicated that surface soil, subsurface soil, and ground water beneath the Three Star Anodizing facility were contaminated with PAHs; inorganic constituents, including mercury, lead, and chromium; and chlorinated VOCs [Ref. 7, pp. 42, 44

– 47, 50

– 51 ]. Inor ganic analysis of a surface soil sample (SS0 1 ; depth 0

– 24 inches) coll ected by NYSDEC from the raceway reported the presence of chromium (6,260 mg/kg), lead (1,100 mg/kg), arsenic (9.6 mg/kg), and zinc (558 mg/kg) [Ref. 7, pp. 80, 107]. Inorganic analysis of sediment samples collected by NYSDEC from the metal plating facili ty lagoon, which received wastewater from the raceway, reported the presence of (max concentrations) mercury (54 mg/kg), chromium (26,300 mg/kg), lead (9,650 mg/kg), arsenic (141 mg/kg), and zinc (3,710 mg/kg) [Ref. 7, pp. 51,

31SWOF

- Observed Release 165 –1 66]. Mercury (31 mg/kg) was also reported in a surface soil sample (SS

- 10; depth: 12

– 14 inches) collected from the former chemical manufacturing facility (i.e., Axton Cross) that was located adjacent to the lagoon [Ref. 7, pp. 80, 107 , 204 ]. Maximum background concentrations detected in surface soil samples collected from areas outside the industrial park reported mercury, chromium, lead, arsenic, and zinc concentrations of 0.81 mg/kg, 22 mg/kg, 497 mg/kg, 22 mg/kg, and 525 mg/kg, respectively [Ref. 7, pp. 79, 88

– 90]. During the 2001/2003 sediment investigation, NYSDEC collected sediment samples upstream of the tidal creek from Wappinger Lake [Ref. 6, p. 76] . Maximum reported upstream concentrations of mercury were 0.57 (J-) mg/kg adjusted to 1.04 mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No.: WP

- LK2; 0

– 6 inches), non

- detect (NYSDEC Sample ID Nos. WP

- LK01

- A, WP

- LK01

- B, WP

- LK01

- B DUP, and WP

- LK01

- C; 6

– 12 inches), 0.2 J mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

- LK01

- A; 19

– 25 inches), and 0.21 J mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

- LK01

- B; 2 5– 31 inches) [Ref 6, pp. 276

– 277]. Maximum reported mercury concentrations for sediment samples collected within the tidal creek were 31.9 mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

- 29; 0

– 6 inches), 186 mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

- DOT; 6

– 12 inches), and 118 mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

- 29; 12

– 18 i nches) [Ref.6, pp. 32, 280

– 281]. NYSDEC sediment sampling results show that mercury concentrations peaked at the shoal and embayment areas, then generally decreased moving downstream towards the confluence with the Hudson River [Ref. 6, p. 32]. Maximum reported mercury concentrations for sediment samples collected from three locations near the confluence with the Hudson River (NYSDEC Sample Locations WP

- OD1, WP

- T3A, and WP

- T3B) were 8.3 J mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

OD1; 0

– 6 inches), 20 mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

- OD1; 6

– 12 inches), and 13 mg/kg (NYSDEC Sample ID No. WP

- T3A; 12

– 24 inches) [Ref. 6, pp. 32, 286

– 287]. A reas Upstream or Surrounding the Industrial Park A ctivities within the Village of Wappingers Fall s also represent additional possible sources of contaminants. Storm water from the Village of Wappingers Falls formerly drained to the south lagoon via a pipe that ran along the raceway, and, therefore, may have contributed to the hazardous substances iden tified at the site [Ref. 7, p. 19]. The Village borders the industrial park to the east and south on top of a steep embankment [Ref. 7, p. 202]. The types of industries located at a higher elevation than the industrial park include dry cleaning, machine shop, Wappingers Falls Village Landfill [CERCLA

– No Further Remedial Action Planned (NFRAP)], gas stations, and automobile repair [Ref. 10, p. 4]. A Wappingers Falls Department of Public Works (DPW) (i.e. , Highway Department) facility is located south of t he industrial park on Lower Market Street on the eastern bank of Wappinger Creek [Ref. 6, p. 66 ; 68, pp. 1 –2 ]. A s part of the November 2015 sediment sampling, EPA collected sediment samples from four upstream locations (0269

- SED15, 0269

- SED16, 0269

- SED17 , and 0269

- SED18) above Wappingers Falls, from Wappinger Lake and from Wappinger Creek upstream of the lake [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 32

– 34, 36

– 37, 6 3–67 ; 25, pp. 5, 11

– 12]. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.0066 J mg/kg in sediment sample 0269

- SED18

- 12

- 24 (depth: 12

– 24 inches) to 0.11 J mg/kg in sediment sample 0269

- SED15

- 12

- 24 (depth: 12

– 24 inches) [ Ref. 52, pp. 19

– 20, 29, 34, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49

– 50; 65, pp. 450

– 461 ] . Sample analyses reported non

- detect values for benzo(a)pyrene fo r all upstream sediment samples [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 42, pp. 44, 47, 52, 57, 62, 69, 74, 79, 84, 89, 92, 97; 55, pp. 685, 699, 712, 725, 738, 751, 764, 779, 797, 824, 844, 858]. Although these samples were not used to characterize background in the observed rel ease evaluation, they do provide documentation that potential upstream sources are not contributing to the increase in mercury and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations detected in the tidal creek. E PA also sampled south of the industrial park to determine if contamination was entering the creek from that area. Analysis of soil samples collected from borehole 0269

- S10 south of the industrial park contained non

- detect levels of PAH s , with a maximum adjusted CRQL of 200 U mg/kg reported for soil samples 0269

- S10 and 0269

- SS10B [Ref 17, pp. 12

– 13; 19, pp. 2, 25, 48; 25, pp. 17, 26; 57, pp. 471, 553]. P ossible Tidal Sources E PA collected sediment samples from locations 0269

- SED01 and 0269

- SED02 to account for possible contaminants contributions from the Hudson River [ Figure s 2 and 3 ]. Sediment sample locations 0269

- SED01 and 0269

- SED02 were located within Wappinger Creek , downstream of the zone of actual contamination and just upstream of the confluence of Wappinger Creek and the Hudson River [ Figures 2 and 3 ]. Sample analytical results report mercury

32SWOF

- Observed Release

and benzo(a)pyren e concentrations that ar e significantly higher in th e releas e samples used to defin e th e zon e of contamination t han those r eported for t he ba ckground samples [ Tables 3 a nd 5 ; Figure 2 ; R ef. 32, pp. 1 3 , 1 9, 24, 29 , 32 , 3 9 , 67, 10 4 , 89 , 1 07 ; 33 , pp . 92 , 97, 102; 42 , p. 32 ; 48, pp. 10, 27, 39 , 46]
. Based on these r esults, i t i s unlikel y that

t he significant increase i n mercury and b enzo(a)pyrene c oncentrations a re due t o tid al c arry form th e Hudso n River

a n d any other pos sible do wnstream s ources. Embayment S amples As part of the November 2015 sediment sampling, EPA also collected sediment samples from two locations within the embayment along the north bank of Wappinger Creek , downstream of the industrial park (0269

- SED08 and 0269

- SED09) [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 17, pp. 23

– 24]. Background samples from a similar quiescent environment could not be obtained; therefore, these samples cannot be used to establish an observed release. However, analytical results identified the presence of mercury in the sediment located in the embayment. The reported mercury concentrations for sediment samples collected from 0269

- SED08 were 35.5 J mg/kg (0

– 6 inches) and 109 J mg/kg (6

– 12 inches ) [Ref. 50, pp. 23, 27; 62, pp. 494, 496]. The reported mercury concentrations for sediment samples collected from 0269

- SED09 were 48.7 J mg/kg (6

– 12 inches) and 25.6 J (12

– 24 inches) [Ref. 50, pp. 37, 39; 62, pp. 498

– 499]. NYSDEC considers sediment to b e contaminated with mercury at concentrations greater than 1 mg/kg to be highly contaminated and likely pose a risk to aquatic life [Ref. 46, p. 11]. Hazardous Substances Released: Mercury Benzo(a)pyrene

== ================================================================================ Obs erved Release Factor Value: 550

33SWOF/Food Chain

- Waste Characteristics 4. 1.3.2 Human Food Chain Threat - Waste Characteristics 4.1.3.2.1 Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation TABLE 6 . TOXICITY/PERSISTENCE/BIOACCUMULATION

Hazardous Substance Source Number Toxicity Factor Value River Persistence

Factor Value Fresh Water Food Chain Bioaccumulation

Fa ctor Value Toxicity/Persistence/ Bioaccumulation Factor Value ( HRS Table 4 - 16) Ref. 2 Page Mercury 1 10,000 1 50,000 5 x 10 8 4 Benzo(a)pyrene 1 10,000 1 50,000 5 x 10 8 1
4.1.3.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity TABLE 7 . HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY Source Number Source Hazardous Waste Quantity (HWQ) Value ( HRS Section 2.4.2.1.5 ) Is source hazardous constituent quantity data complete? (yes/no) 1 >0 (exact amount unknown) No Sum of Values: >0 T he sum of hazardous waste quantity values corresponds to a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 1 in HRS Table 2

- 6 [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.2 ]. However, the HRS states that if any target is subject to Level I or Level II concentrations , assign either the value for Table 2- 6 or a value of 100, whichever is greater, as the hazardous waste quant ity factor value for that pathway [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.2]. Therefore, a hazardous w aste quantity factor value of 100 is assigned for the surface water migr ation pathway
. 4.1.3.2.3 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value M ercury and benzo (a)pyrene a ssociated with Source 1 , which ha s a surface water pathway containment factor value greater than 0 for the watershed , correspond to a t oxicity/ p ersistence f actor v alue of 10,000 and b ioaccumulation p otential f actor v alue of 50,000, as shown above [ Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.2.1.4 ; 2, p p. 1, 4 ]. ( Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value) x (Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value) = 10,000 x 10 0 = 1 x 10 6 (Subject to a maximum of 1 x 10 8 ) [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.2.3 ] ( Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value x Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value) x (Bioaccumulation Potential Factor Value) = ( 1 x 10 6 ) x (50,000) = 5 x 10 10 (Subject to a maximum of 1 x 10 12 ) [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.2.3 ] T he resulting waste characteristics product of 5 x 10 10 corresponds to a Waste Characteristics Factor Category of Value of 320 in Table 2

- 7 of the HRS [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.3.1].

= ================================================================================= Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation Factor Value: 5 x 10 8 Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 10 0 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 320

34SWOF/Food Chain

- Targets /F ood Chain Individual 4. 1.3.3 Human Food Chain Threat - Targets W appinger Creek is used for consumption fishing [ Ref. 3, p. 6; 16, p. 3; 17, p. 20]
. Access to the creek for fishing is within the industrial park ( on the west bridge, which connects the north ern and south ern portion s and the upstream side of the south ern bank across from the hydroelectric plant ) and along most of the western shoreline of the tidal creek via the Wappinger Greenway Trail [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 3, pp. 6, 10; 1 4 , p. 2] . On June 3, 2015, EPA personnel observed a local re sident fishing within the industrial park [Ref. 3, p. 6; 16, p. 3] . The resident stated that he consumes approximately 40 percent of the fish he catches in Wappinger Creek, including herring and striped bass [Ref 16, p. 3] . Additional public access on the eastern shoreline is provided by a public boat launch located on Creek Road, approximately 0.5 mile downstream of the industrial park [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 3, p. 12; 16, p. 2]
. In October 2015, EPA observed a recreational fishing boat in the tidal creek [Ref. 17, pp. 4

– 5] . The occupants stated that most fishing in the tidal creek occurs during warm weather [Ref. 17, p. 5]
. On November 11, 2015, a local resident stated to EPA that fishing for consumption occurs throughout the tidal creek and the species commonly consumed include crabs and carp [Ref. 17, p. 20 ]
. T he available documentation demonstrate s that fishing for human consumption occurs throughout the tidal creek and the zone of contamination as currently defined by EPA sediment sample results is located within the fishery ; therefore, the target fishery is evaluated for Level II actual contamination [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3 ]. S amples for Observed Release/ Potential Concentrations T he sediment concentrations meet the criteria for Level II concentrations because they meet the criteria for observed release and their locations are associated with a human food chain fishery [Ref. 1, Section 2.5 and 4.1.4.3.1 .2 ]:

TABLE 8 . SEDIMENT SAMPL ES FOR OBSERVED RELEASE Sample ID Depth (inches) Hazardous Substance Concentration 0269

- SED14

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 2,100 μg/kg 0269

- SED19

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 1,100 μg/kg 0269

- SED19

- 6

- 12 6

- 12 Benzo(a)pyrene 2,100 μg/kg 0269

- SED19

- 12

- 24 12

– 24 Benzo(a)pyrene 700 μg/kg 0269

- SED7

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 480 μg/kg 0269

- SED06

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 1,000 μg/kg 0269

- SED04

- 6

- 12 6

– 12 Benzo(a)pyrene 1,200 μg/kg 0269

- SED 0 4

- 6

- 12 6

– 12 Mercury 16.7 mg/kg 0269

- SED 06

- 0

- 6 12

– 24 Mercury 3.5 mg/kg [ Ref. 32, pp. 67, 89, 104; 33, pp 92, 97, 102 ; 42, p. 32 ; 48, pp. 39, 46; 55, p. 538; 60, pp. 736, 841, 943; 61, pp. 747, 794, 838; 64, pp. 598, 602 ]

35SWOF/Food Chain Individual 4.1.3.3.1 Food Chain Individual Th ere is an observed release to surface water of two haza rdous substance s ( mercury and benzo[a] pyrene ) with a b ioaccumulation p otential f actor v alue of 500 or greater in several samples identified below, and there is Level II actual contamination of a fishery [see Sections 4.1.2.1.1 , 4.1.3.2.1.3 , and 4.1.3.3 of this HRS documentation record ]
. Therefore, a f ood c hain i ndividual f actor v alue of 45 is assigned [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3.1 ]. Sa mple ID s: 0269

- SED06 -0- 6, 0269

- SED04 -6- 12 Hazardous Substance: Mercury Bioaccumulation Potential: 50,000 References: See Section 4.1.2.1.1 of this HRS documentation record. Sa mple ID s: 0269

- SED19 -0- 6, 0269

- SED19 -6- 12, 0269

- SED19

- 12

- 24, 0269

- SED07 -0- 6, 0269

- SED06 -0- 6, 0269

- SED04 -6- 12 , 0269

- SED14 -0-6 Hazardous Substance: Benzo(a)pyrene Bioaccumulation Potential: 50,000 References: See Section 4.1.2.1.1 of this HRS documentation record.

========================================================================== = ======= F ood Chain Individual Factor Value: 45

36SWO F/Food Chain

- Level I/Level II Concentrations/Potential Contamination 4.1.3.3.2 Population 4.1.3.3.2.1 Level I Concentrations Th e Level I c oncentrations f actor v alue is 0 because there are no fisheries subject to Level I concentrations [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3.2.1 ].

== ================================================================== === =========== Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 0 4.1.3.3.2.2 Level II Concentrations Wa ppinger Creek is used for consumption fishing [Ref. 3, p. 6; 16, p. 3; 17, p. 20]. Access to the creek for fishing is within the industrial park ( on the west bridge, which connects the northern and southern portions and on the upstream side of the south ern bank across from the hydroelectric plant ) and along most of the western shoreline of the tidal creek via the Wappinger Greenway Trail [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 3, pp. 6, 10; 1 4 , p. 2 ]. On June 3, 2015, EPA personnel observed a local resident fishing within the industrial park [Ref. 3, p. 6; 16, p. 3]. The resident stated that he consumes approximately 40 percent of the fish he catches in Wappinger Creek, including herring and striped bass [Ref 16, p. 3]
. Additional public access on the eastern shorel ine is provided by a public boat launch located on Creek Road, approximately 0.5 mile south of the industrial park [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 3, p. 12; 16, p. 2]. On November 11, 2015, a local resident stated to EPA that the entire tidal creek is used for consumptio n fishing [Ref. 17, p. 20]. The species commonly consumed include crab and carp [Ref. 17, p. 20]. T he fish consumption rate for the downstream fisher y is not documented, so the fishery is assigned to the category “Greater than 0 to 100 pounds per year , ” which corresponds to the assigned h uman f ood c hain p opulation v alue of 0. 0 3 in Table 4

- 18 of the HRS [ Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3.2 ]. The available documentation demonstrates that fishing for human consumption occurs throughout the tidal creek and the zone of contamination as currently defined by EPA sediment sample results is located within the fishery; therefore, the target fishery is evaluated for Level II actual contamination [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3].

== ================================================================================ Level II Concentrations Factor Value: 0 .03 4.1.3.3.2.3 Potential Human Food Chain Contamination Th e potential human food chain contamination value is 0 because there are no documented fisheries subject to potential concentrations [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3.2.3].

========================================================================== ======== P otential Human Food Chain Contaminatio n Factor Value: 0

37SWOF/Environment

- Hazardous Waste Characteristics 4.1.4. 2 Environmental Threat - Waste Characteristics 4.1.4.2.1 Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation TABLE 9 . ECOT OXICITY/PERSISTENCE/BIOACCUMULATION

Hazardous Substance Source Number Fresh Water Ecot oxicity

Factor Value River Persistence

Factor Value Fresh Water E cosystem Bioaccumulation

Fa ctor Value Ecot oxicity/Persistence/ Bioaccum ulation Factor Value ( HRS Table 4 - 21 ) Ref. 2 Page Mercury 1 10,000 1 50,000 5 x 10 8 4 Benzo(a)pyrene 1 10,000 1 50,000 5 x 10 8 1
4.1.4.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity TABLE 1 0 . HAZARDOUS W ASTE QUANTITY Source Number Source Hazardous Waste Quantity (HWQ) Value ( HRS Section 2.4.2.1.5 ) Is source hazardous constituent quantity data complete? (yes/no) 1 >0 (exact amount unknown) No Sum of Values: >0 The sum of hazardous waste quantity values corresponds to a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 1 in HRS Table 2

- 6 [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.2 ]. However, the HRS states that if any target is subject to Level I or Level II concentrations, assign either t he value for Table 2- 6 or a value of 100, whichever is greater, as the hazardous waste quantity factor value for that pathway [Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.2]. Therefore, a hazardous w aste quantity factor value of 100 is assigned for the surface water migration pathway
. 4.1.4.2.3 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value Mercu ry and benzo(a) pyrene a ssociated with Source 1, which has a surface water pathway containment factor value greater than 0 for the watershed , correspond to an ecotoxicity /p ersistence f actor v alue of 10,000 and b ioaccumulation potential f actor v alue of 50,000, as shown above [ Ref. 1, Section 4.1. 4 .2.1.4; 2, p p. 1, 4 ]. (Eco toxicity/persistence factor value) x (hazardous waste quantity factor value) = 10,000 x 10 0 = 1 x 10 6 (Subject to a maximum of 1 x 10 8 ) [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.4.2.3 ] (Eco toxicity/persistence factor value x hazardous waste quantity factor value) x (bioaccumulation potential factor value) = ( 1 x 10 6 ) x (50,000) = 5 x 10 10 (Subject to a maximum of 1 x 10 12 ) [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.4.2.3 ] The r esulting waste characteristics product of 5 x 10 10 corresponds to a w aste c haracteristics f actor c ategory v alue of 320 in Table 2

- 7 of the HRS [ Ref. 1, Section 2.4.3.1]
.
Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation Factor Value: 5 x 10 8 Hazard ous Waste Quantit y Factor Value: 1 00 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 320

38SWOF/Environment

- Targets

4.1 .4 .3 Env ironmental T hreat - Targets The zone of contamination (i.e., the creek segment where observed release by chemical analysis is documented ) along the surface water migration pathway downstream of the site source extends from sediment sample location 0 26 9

- SED 14 south and downstream to sediment sample location 0269

- SED04 , a length of approximately 1.2 mile s (6,082 feet) [ Figure 2 ]. The zone of contamination includes a wetland that forms a peninsula that separates the Wapping er Creek main channel and the embay ment [ Figure 2 ] . Th e w etland is classified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a Palustrine Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland (PFO1S) [Ref. 24, p. 1]. Th is HRS

- el igible wetland is located along the hazardous substance migration path in the area of Level II concentrations , and the total wetland fro ntage considered as subject to actual contaminatio n is 0. 2 mile [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 1, Section 4.1. 4.3.1 ]. The contaminated sediment sample locatio ns in Table 1 1 define the hazardou s substance mig ratio n path [ Figure 2 ]. The re are no media

- specific benchmarks for sediment, so the target wetland is subject to Level II concentrations [Ref. 1, Sections 2.5 and 4.1.4.3 ]. Samples f

or O bserved R elease/Level I I C oncentrations The sediment concentrations meet the criteria for Level II concentrations because they meet criteria for observed release and their locations are associated with an eligible HRS wetland [Ref. 1, Sections 2.5 and 4.1.4.3.1 ; 2, p p. 2, 4 ]: TABLE 1 1 . S EDIMENT SAMPLES F OR O BSERVED RELEASE Sample ID Depth (inches) Hazardous Substance Concentration 0269

- SED14

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 2,100 μg/kg 0269

- SED19

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 1,100 μg/kg 0269

- SED19

- 6

- 12 6

- 12 Benzo(a)pyrene 2,100 μg/kg 0269

- SED19

- 12

- 24 12

– 24 Benzo(a)pyrene 700 μg/kg 0269

- SED7

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 480 μg/kg 0269

- SED06

- 0

- 6 0

– 6 Benzo(a)pyrene 1,000 μg/kg 0269

- SED04

- 6

- 12 6

– 12 Benzo(a)pyrene 1,200 μg/kg 0269

- SED04

- 6

- 12 6

– 12 Mercury 16.7 mg/kg 0269

- SED06

- 0

- 6 12

– 24 Mercury 3.5 mg/kg [R ef. 32, pp. 67, 89, 104; 33, pp 92, 97, 102; 42, p. 32; 48, pp. 39, 46; 55, p. 538; 60, pp. 736, 841, 943; 61, pp. 747, 794, 838; 64, pp. 598, 602 ]

39SW OF/Environment

- Level I/Level II Concentrations
4.1.4.3.1 Sensitive Environments
4.1.4.3.1.1 Level I Concentrations Th e Level I c oncentrations f actor v alue is 0 because there are no sensitive environments sub ject to Level I concentrations [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.4.3.1.1 ].

== ================================================================================ Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 0
4.1.4.3.1.2 Level II Concentrations T he t arget wetlands are subject to Level II concentrations because they are located in a Level II zone of contamination delineated by samples meeting observed release criteria [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 1, Section s 2.5 and 4.1.4.3 ]. Sens itive Environments The re are currently no known sensitive environments other than wetlands that are considered as sub ject to Level II concentrations [Ref. 1, Section 4.1.4.3]. We tlands Th ere is an HRS

- eligible wetland along the zone of contamination, and the total wetland frontage subject to actual contamination is greater than 0. 1 mile [ Figure 2 ; Ref. 1, Section 4.1.4.3. 2 ; 24 , p. 1 ]. TABLE 1 2 . LEVEL II CONCENTRATIONS – WETLANDS Wetland Wetland Frontage Wetlands Rating Value (HRS Table 4 - 24) Reference Wappinger Creek 0. 2 mile 25 Figure 2

We tland Value: 25 Sum of Sensitive Environments Value + Wetland Value: 25

================================================================================== L evel I I Concentrations Factor Value: 25
40SWOF/Environment

- Potential Contamination 4.1.4.3.1.3 Potential Contamination T he potential contaminatio n factor value is not scored because the site already receives a listing

- eligible site score based on other factors. Se nsitive Environments T he sensitive environment value (S j ) is not scored
. W etlands A l though the most recent National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) information available from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) indicates that there are approximately 1.4 miles of potentially contaminated wetland frontage within the TDL, the wetland frontage value (W j ) is not scored [ Figure 3 ].

================================================================================== Potential Contamination Factor Value: NS

41