### Appendix G: Pollution Prevention

Renewable Energy Resources

Renewable energy sources, incl uding solar, wind, hydropower, biom ass, and geotherm al

, currently provide less than 1% (or 5.6 trillion BTUs) of New Mexico’s annual energy needs. The contribution of renewable energy has dropped from 6.6 trillion BT Us reported in 1997. This is contrary to the fact that our renew a ble energy resource base is very large and diverse. Table 6 provides a breakdown of consum ption, by sector , for renewable energy in New Mexico.

Table 1. Renew a ble Energy Consumption in N e w Mexico, 1999*

Sector Energy Source Million KWH Consumed

R e s i d e n t i a l S o l a r 1 4 7

W o o d 9 9 6

Co m m e r c i a l G e o t h e r m a l 2 9

W o o d 1 4 7

Industrial Geotherm al, Wind, and So lar 176

Wood and W aste 147

Total 1 ,642 Source: DOE/EIA State Energy Data Report 1 999, pri n ted Ma y 20 0 1

. *m ost current data available



### Table 2. Renew a ble Energy Production by Resource, 199 9*

Resource KWH Value ($ Millions)

Fuel Wood 1,026 Million 6. 5 (Note 1)

Alcohol Fuel s 346 Milli on 23.3 (Note 2) Hy dr oelectric 230 Milli on 15.2 (Note 3)

Geotherm al 119 Milli on 1.4 (Note 4)

Wind 1.7 Milli on 0.119 (Note 5)

T o t a l 1

, 7 7 2

. 7 Milli on 4 6

. 5 1

Notes: * m ost current data available 1. DOE/EIA Energ y Price and Expend it ure Report, 1 999.

2. Data fro m High Plains Ethanol Plant

, Portales, NM; 15 m illion gal/ y r

@ $1.559 per gallon.

3. Edison El ectric Institute, Yearbook 2000; value based on ave r age NM electricity
cost of $0.0 6 63/kWh

. 4. Southwest Technology Develop m ent Institu te, NMSU; averag e NM natural gas cost of $3.62/m illion BTU.

5. Southwestern Public S e rvice Co m p any , Amarillo, TX; Clovi s, New Mexi co wind turbine, average NM electri c price.



### A significant am ount of renewable energy research, developm ent, and dem onstration (RD&D) in New Mexico occurs through federal government program s at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). At t h e tim e this was written

, before federal govern m e nt funds were approp riated, SNL funding for solar therm a l system s and building s in FY 2003 is es tim ated to be $3-4 m illion and the photovoltaics program is expected to receiv e $5 m illion. In other renewable en ergy RD&D

areas, the p r evious FY 2002 appro p riations were : energy s t orage at $6 .5 m illion; geotherm al drilling tech nology at $6 .4 m illion ; wind at $3.9 m illion ; and biopow er electricity at $ 1.1 m illion.

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### Solar

Overview

. The positio n of New Mexico as a lead er in solar energy in the 1970s and 1980s attracted private, state, and federal funding, resu lting in sign ificant benef its to New Mexico an d the Nation. Funding has fluctuated since that tim e . Many solar pioneers of the private sector have survived, evolved, and cont inued forward to provide inn ovative prod ucts and se r v ices to the

state and the world. ECMD has been involv ed in m o st state-funded solar program s and continues to be the prim a r y cont act w h ere th e state is invo lved

.

At federal laboratories in New Mexico, research funding for sola r technologies was dropped at

Los Alam os National L a boratory and has decreased a t Sa ndia Nation al Labo rato ries (SNL).

SNL conduc ts a wide range of solar energy rese arch, developm ent, and dem onstration (RD&D) projects involving technologies such as solar th erm a l concentrating collectors, photovoltaic (PV)

system components, solar buildings, and m a nuf acturing. T h e new m i s s ion of enhanced U.S.

energy s ecu rity appears to have led to increas ed em phasis at federal laboratories for m o st types
of dom e stic energy RD&D, in cluding solar energy.

The solar industry is m a de of manufacturers, equipm ent suppliers, greenhouse and glazing suppliers, passive solar builders, installers, and service co mpanies that repair system s. Most

businesses m a rketing solar technologies ar e m e mbers of the New Mexico Solar Energy Association (NMSEA) and the New Mexico Solar Energy Industries Association (NMSEIA). In

NMSEA’s 2001 Directory of Solar Professionals , 30 architects and designers, 42 builders, 6 education professionals, 4 engine ers, 3 financing institutions, 43 solar technology companies, 6 greenhouse designers and builders, and 25 green building product and service companies are

listed. NMSEA’s resources can be accessed at w w w

. nm sea.org or 1-888-886-6765.

In the 1980s there existed both federal and stat e solar tax credits. During that decade over 40,000

activ e and p a ssive sola r system s were ins t a lled in New Me xico. W h en oil p r ic es f e ll and the

federal tax credit for use of solar was elim in ated in December 1985, the im pact on the solar energy industry was im m e diate. At the begi nning of 1985, approxim a te ly 250 solar businesses were in operation em ploying about 2,000 people. By the end of 1985 about 80% of these

businesses h a d clos ed. However, in recen t years there app e ars to be increased activity for so lar businesses in New Mexico, due to renewed hom e owner interest in PV system s.

The Solar R i ghts Act of 1978 allow s property owne rs to create solar easem ents for the purpose of protecting and m a intaining prop er access to sunligh t . It al so includes provisions allowing local governm e nts to create their ow n ordinances or zoning rules pe rtaining to protection of solar rights. New Mexico was first am ong the 50 states to enact a solar access law and also im ple m ent
tax inc e ntiv es f o r solar s y stem s.

Resources. Energy fro m the sun is an eno r m o us energy sou r ce. New Mexico ran k s 2 nd 

### am ong all states in the U.S. in s o lar energy resources and experiences m o re than 3,200 hours of sunshine per year. T h is resu lts in a range of solar ene r g y on a horiz ontal su rface---d ependin g on locatio n and season---of about 900 to 2600 BTUs per square foot per day (3 to 8 kilowatt-hours (kW h )

per square m e ter per day).

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### The potential for converting solar energy to electr icity and heat in New Mexico with existing and

em erging technologies is also grea t. The State’s average daily energy consum ption is about 904 billion BTUs (265 m illion kW h) or 161,425 barrels of crude oil, which could also be collected as

solar en ergy within an 18 square-m ile area. Ta ble 1 presents th e av erage so lar radiation fo r selec t ed Ne w Mexico c o mm unities.

Table 3. Average Solar Radiation in New Me xico

BTUs/S Q UARE FOOT/DAY AREA HORI ZONT AL SURF A C E VERT ICA L SURFA C E Albuquerque 1

, 8 2 7 1,42 3

C a r l s b a d 1

, 8 2 5 1,21 0

Cham a 1

, 5 6 0 1,20 0 Las Cruces (El Paso) 1,90 0 1,38 0 Las Vegas 1,67 5 1,25 0

L o r d s b u r g 1

, 9 0 0 1,27 5

Los Alam os 1,53 5 1,26 2

Santa Fe 1,62 5 1,21 0

T a o s 1

, 5 7 5 1,20 0

A V E R A G E 1

, 7 5 5 1,29 7

Source: Los Alam os Scientific Laborat or y , USDOE, Passive Sola r Design Han dbook

, Vol. 2

, 19 80;

and New Mexico Climate M anual, S o l

a r and W e ather Data , New Mexico Energy Rese arch and Develop m ent Institute 2-72-4523, 1985.



### Production. Direct use of the sun’s light and therm a l energy has long been recognized in New
Mexico. Over $4 m illion worth of energy was s upplied by active and passive solar system s in 1990, by sy stem types such as solar water heating, solar therm a l space heating, and PV. As an

exam ple, a PV collecto r array th e size of a football field would di rectly produce 1.2 m illion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, or the electricity ne eded to power about 122 hom es

. Assum i ng a conservative retail elect ricity cost of five cents per kilowatt-hour, this PV system could offset $500 per year in utility costs for each hom e

.

Although less than five per cent of the solar in stallations in New Mexico generate electricity, PV

system s include a 47-k ilowatt array at the So uthwest Regional Experim e nt Station at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, operated by Southwest Technology Developm ent Institute; and upwards of 250 one-k W irrigation units in various areas. SNL estim ated that there were approxim ately 2,000 PV systems in New Mexico in 1990.

Electric u tilities in the s t ate are requ ired to pr ov ide inform ation on altern ative en ergy system s t o

rem o te custom ers with less th an a 25-kW load who request line extensions. This requirem e nt applie s whe n the cost of the r e qu ested lin e e x tension is greater than 15 tim e s the es tim ated

annual revenue from the line extension. In such cases, utilities m u st pr ovide custom ers with

inform ation on suppliers of a lternativ e energy sys t em s.

Another type of solar ener gy production is commonly provide d in New Mexico through innovative architecture in buildings: passive so lar design. Following design guidelines published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, it is possible for strategic placem ent of windows,

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### sunspaces, therm a l storage walls, and m a ss (e.g., c oncrete, b r ick, adobe), as well as appropriate orientation and insulation, to enable the sun to provide up to 80% of a hom e’s annual space heating needs in New M e xico. This can be achieved without com p rom i sing cooling needs. The

sun can als o be u t ilize d to in tegrate daylighting, thereby offse t t i ng el ect r i c it y costs associ at ed with lighting. Passive solar design is also appl ied to comm e r cial buildings and schools in Ne w Mexico.

By integrating passive solar design, solar water heating, and PV in residential hom e design it is conceivable to greatly reduce or elim inate the need for conventional electricity, heating, and cooling energy sources. Many success stories exis t in New Mexico of living “off-grid.” As noted above, solar professionals resident in New Mexico are av ailable for design assistance.

Recent Developments. Significant activities have been conducted with solar energy in Ne w Mexico over the past few years. ECMD has impl em ented m a jor proje c ts tha t use our extens iv e solar resource. ECMD each year provides public inform ation and educational activities on solar energy at various conferences, works hops, and other venues, including the Taos Solar Festival,

New Mexico State Fair, and New Mexico Solar Energy Association’s Solar Fiesta.

ECMD is refocusing its solar program to featur e dem onstrations of solar water heating and photovoltaic system s. Solar water heating and photovoltaic system s will be sited at public

school facilities in several New Mexico clim at e zones. System comm issioning will include training and establishm ent of op erations an d m a intenance plan s. The dem o nstrations are

intended to educate and involve students, faculty, staff, a nd comm unities at public schools; collect system perfor m a nce data in different Ne w Mexico clim ate zones; evaluate in centiv es for solar technology applications; and address, in c onsultation with the solar industry, related issues such as state agency adm i nistration of residen tial tax credits, system certification, and system monitoring. Solar system s will be designed, ins t alled, and co mmissioned through a collabo rative effort of ECMD, other state ag en cies, pub lic schools /ins titu tions of higher edu cation, New Mexico Solar Energy Association (NMSEA ) and Solar Energy Industries Association (NMSEIA), DOE, and the Solar Buildings Pr ogram at Sandia National Laboratories.

ECMD is collaborating with NMSEA, Southwes t Research and Inform ation Center, and other organizations to finance and install P V system s for low-in co m e communities withou t elec tr icity service. Several large areas in Ne w Mexico, such as the Pajar ito M e sa west of the City of Albuquerque, rem a in without utility-provided el ectricity, but could be served with PV technologies. Si m ilarly, electri city service is not available to 37% of households on the Navajo Reservation, 5% of the Jicarilla Apache Reserva tion, 3% of Zuni Pueblo, 2% of Acom a Pueblo.

The m a jority of households in un incorporat ed Colonias comm unities along the border with

Mexico are also withou t electricity s e rvice. These comm uni ties often resort to expensive m e ans of producing their own electricit y, using power sources such as diesel generators and car

batteries. P V system s could possibly be a less expensiv e alternative for the critical needs of lighting and operating simple appliances.

ECMD provided funding to the All-Indian Pueblo Council to install an 11-kW PV carport at the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center in Albuquerque. This 1999 installation is the largest comm ercial PV array in the state and the larg est PV system on Indian lands. It is expected to produce 25,000

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### kW h of electricity, s a ve 43 tons of coal, conser v e 1 m illion gallons of water, and red u ce carbon

dioxide em issions by 27 tons per year. The sy stem will save the Cultu ral Center over $3,400 per year in electricity cos t s. The carpo rt also pr ov ides sh ade f o r 11 p a rki ng spaces and will be visible to 400,000 visitors annually.

In Septem ber 1999, the New Mexico Public Re gulation Comm ission (PRC) issued a rule requir i ng all utilitie s reg u lated by th e PRC to off e r net m e tering f o r cogenera tion f acilities and

sm all power producers with systems of 10 kW or less. Municipa l utilities are exempt because they are not regulated by the PRC. There is no statewide cap on the number of syst em s eligible

for net m e tering.

The use of solar energy in our New Mexico State Parks has im proved their safety and

convenience. ECMD installed 29 P V lighting syst em s at visitor centers, pay stations, and other locations in 15 State Parks. Also, a PV aeration system was i n stalled in a pond at the Rio Grande

Nature Center to c r ea te bette r conditions for aquatic life.

It should also be noted that olde r system s installed in the early 1980s at state facilities have been kept operational. ECMD m a de i m provem e nts in the 1990s to both 16,000-square-foot solar

water he atin g system s at the Centra l and South e rn New M e xico Cor r e c tiona l Fac i lities. The

Northern New Mexico Comm unity College also r eceived EC MD assistan ce to reactiv ate solar air heating system s on two m a jor ca m p us buildings.

Wind

Overview

W i nd is a proven, cost-effective, and environm entally attractive sou r ce of power. rec e nt technological innovations in wind turbine design have resulted in increased effectiveness and

reduced cost. The cos t of electricity from wind power plants has dropped to about 3 or 4 cents per kilowatt-hour (kW h ), very close to the cost of power from fossil- fuel sources. Public utilities across the country and around the world are beginni ng to include wind in their mix of energy

sources.

In October 2002, the Public Service Com p any of New Mexico (PNM) announced an agreem ent with FPL Energy to develop the first comm er ci al-sized wind power plant in New Mexico.

Known as the New Mexico W i nd Energy Center, it will be 204 m e gawatts in capacity and will

be located in eastern N e w Mexico, about 20 mile s northeast of Fort S u m n er, in Q u ay and De

baca counties. It will be the th ird la rgest wind po wer plant in the country.

Constructio n will begin in late 2002 , with the plan t operatio nal in less than a year. Construction

on a f acility of this size typically tak e s six to ni n e m onths to com p lete. The wind f acility will b e

com posed of 136 separate towers, each 210 feet tall, with turbine blades that m easure m o re than

110 feet in length. T h e facility will s e nd p o wer to PNM' s electric grid. FPL Energy will

construct, o w n and operate th e facility. PNM w ill purch ase all of the po wer it produ ces, enough to supply about 90,000 hom e s.

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### PNM plans to ask state regulators for approval of a "green tariff" program som e tim e in 2003 that

will allow interes t ed cu stom ers to b uy wind-gen e ra ted e l ec tr icity f o r a s m all m onthly prem ium

. Any power from the facility not directed to ward the residential and business custom er subscription program would be sold on the whol esale m a rket, either within New Mexico or

outside the s t ate.

PNM sees the power produced by this facility as a way to recognize and respond to interest

within New Mexico in renewal energy and to strengthen the com p any' s wholesale generation portfolio for years to co m e . When PNM plans a new facility or commits to buying power from a new facility, it look s not just at cu rrent econom ic conditions but also at conditions th at m a y exist several years down the road.

Energy produced at the W i nd Cent er will likely repla ce an equivalent amount of power com i ng from facilities powered by fossil fuels, since th e m a jority of power on the grid com e s f r om fossil-fuel sources. The addition of energy from the New Mexico W i nd Energy Center will change PNM' s generation portf olio. W i nd will co m p rise 8 percen t of PNM' s overall gene ration capacity, which is the portf olio' s peak potentia l output. However, bec a use of the inte rm ittent nature of wind, the facility is expected to com p rise about 4 percent of the energy actually produced by or for PNM over th e course of a given year.

The W i nd Energy Center will bring more than $ 40 m illion into ru ral De Baca and Quay counties over 25 years. This includes $450,000 per year in pa ym ents in lieu of taxe s to be m a de to the

county governm ents and school districts; ab out $550,000 per year in lease paym ents to landowners; and an estim ated $500,000 in salaries fo r the perm anent jobs to be created. This
$40 m illion figure does not includ e the infusion of m oney re sulting from the 125-15 0 tem porary jobs that will be created while the facility is being constructed in 2003.

Resource Assessment

The Energy Conservation and Managem e nt Di vision (EC M D) of the New Mexico Energy,

Minerals and Natural R e sources Departm e nt, through its W i nd Power Program , has perform e d a

critica l role in th e dev e lopm ent of wind power in t h e st at e. I n par t icul ar, the high-quality data ECMD provided to FLP Energy and PNM were very valuab le to the developm ent of the recen tly

announced 204-m e gawatt project described above. ECMD continued data collection at Frio Draw for a third year upon request to assist FPL Energy in their evaluation of pot ential sites.

The W i nd Power Program is con tinuing detailed wind energy res ource assessm ent of the m o st

prom ising sites for comm ercial developm ent. The potential for electricity generation from wind

is enorm ous in som e areas of New Mexico, esp ecially on th e eas tern p l ai ns. New Mexico ranks twelfth in wind electric potential and is a m ong tw elve states in the m i dsection of the country that, together, have 90% of th e total commercial wind electric potential in the contiguous United States. The annual wind energy potential of N e w Mexico has been esti m a ted to be 435 billion

kW h. Ne w Mexico has the potential to produ ce m a ny tim es its own electrical consum ption, which puts it in a position to export wind electric power.

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### ECMD has provided detailed wi nd resource assessm ents of the state and "investm e nt-grade" wind data to 33 wind power developers, PNM, la ndowners and others. Several developers are actively working to develop projects in New M e xico. ECMD has provided two years of wind speed data collected at six prom ising sites. Th ree years of data have been provided for two of those sites. Monitoring of an additional seventh site on Argonne Mesa, southwest of Santa Rosa,

was comme nced in August 2002. S u ch data are v ital to comm ercial developm ent of wind power plants b ecau se they allo w accurate estim ates of power plant p r oduction.

ECMD' s W i nd Power Program has provided studies of the p o tential eco nom i c benefits of wind power operations to five counties: Colfax, Edd y, Lea, Otero, and Quay. The results of these studies have been presente d to public officials and re sidents of these counties.

In 2002 the program completed developm ent of the following products:

 New Mexico W i nd Power Plant Site Screening Model

 Guidelines for Developers and Investors Interested in W i nd Power in New Mexico

 New Mexico W i nd Developm ent Handbook

 Mesa Redonda Case Study Report. This study addresses the following issues:

environm ental, archaeological, cost esti m a ting, transm ission, perm itting, geotechnical,

m i cro-siting

, production, and visual impacts.

Currently underway is a project to develop a high-resolution (200 m e ters) wind m a p of the state using the latest techniques.

Several pieces of legislation were passed duri ng the 2002 Legislative Sess ion, m o st notably the Renewable Energy Production Tax Credit (Senate Bill 187) that allows a taxpayer who owns a qualified energy generator, certified by the Ener gy, Minerals and Natural Resources Departm e nt, to be eligible for a tax credit of one cent per k ilowatt-hour. The credit m a y be deducted from the taxpayer' s New Mexico corporate in com e tax lia bility. In ad dition, Hous e Bill 143 am ended the Industrial Revenue Bond Act to include electrical ge neration facilities such as wind farm s. This legislation (H.B. 143) also am ended the Gross Receipts an d Com p ensating Tax Act to exem pt
from gross receip t s tax e s certain win d gene ration equipm ent sold to public entities.

ECMD hosted in October 2002 the fi rst-every New Mexico W i nd Conf e r ence in partnership with the US Departm e nt of Energy and S a ndia National Laboratories. The purpose of the conference was to provide infor m ation relating to New Mexi co' s wind resources and to explore mechanism s by which to encourage greater developm ent and use of this energy resource.

Research

Sandia National Laboratories conducts an ongoing wind energy research program that em ploys a multi-faceted approach to the de velopm ent of e c onom ical wind system s for power generatio n. First, it conducts app lied research in aerodynam ics, struct ural dynam i cs, fatigue, m a terials,

m a nufacturing, controls, and systems integrat ion to understand unsolved technology problems and to provide better design tools. A m a jor new e f f o rt in app lied resea r ch is the inves t igation of

rare atm o spheric events that significantly im pact wind turbine long-term structural integrity.

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### Second, Sandia applies its analytic al and experim e ntal capabilities to solve specific industry technical problem s that are im peding the deploym e nt of r e liab l e, cost-ef f e ctive s o lutions f o r dom e stic an d inte rnatio nal m a rkets. Finally, advanced m a nufacturing t echniques are being used

to reduce co st and incre a s e reliability of wind tu rbine blades. Follow-on ef f o rts will consider the

com p lete product life cycle, with emphases on fu lly integrated design, agility, and tools to support a design-for-m anufacturing process. In all three approaches, Sandia uses form al and

inf o rm al tea m ing arrang em ents to work close l y with wind turbine m a nufacturers, wind farm developers/operators and other DOE laboratories.

Hydropow e r

New Mexico' s hydroelectric capacity is 78.4 m e gawa tts from nine plants: Navajo R e servoir (30

M W ), Elephant Butte (24.3 M W ), Abiquiu (15 M W ), El Va da (8.8 M W ), Farm ington (200 kW ),

Alam ogordo (60 kW ), Raton (30 kW ), Cloudcroft (15 kW ), Rese rve (10 kW ). Although not a substantial portion of the state' s total gene rating capacity, hydropower could play a m o re significant role in m eeting site-specific needs.

Many undeveloped small hydropower sites exist in New Mexico, including river sites and existing dam s , but numerous cons traints lim it the potential. Thes e constraints include financing, multiple-use issues, regu lato ry barriers, ec onom ic issues, and environm ental im pacts.

Bioenergy

Bioenergy is produced from biologi cal feedstock or other products m a de from suc h feedstock.

The f eedsto c k m a y be eithe r p r odu ced or harv ested explic itly f o r such use, su ch a s gra i n m ilo and firewood, or m a y be a waste stream from agricultural, m uni cipal or industrial sources.

Distribu tion of and access to the resource are criti cal to the econom ical use of bioenergy. For

this reason the creation of bioene rgy is often found at the point of availability of a waste stream

, with a facility’s size determ ined by that stream

.

Wood burning for heating is perhaps the m o st trad itional use of bioener gy in New Mexico, and

this con tinu e s to be th e large s t us e. The other comm on use of bi oenergy in New Mexico involves the production of m e thane from m unicipal wastewater sludge . This fuel is then burned to heat the digestion process, and in som e cases to also generate electricity for operation of the plant.

Resources and Production

The best available research on New Mexi co fuelwood indicates that 197,000 cords were harvested in 1986, whic h is neither a significant drain on the growing stock inventory nor a

com p etitor with the timber pr oducts industry. T h is is equ i valent to about 3.6 x 10 12 

### BTU.

Albuquerque and Las C r uces are using the anaer obic digestion of m unici pal wastewater sludge

to generate m e thane gas. The gas then fuels th e production of electricity and heat to power the

wastewater facilities. Los Alam os and Carlsb ad are usin g the resulting m e thane to heat the

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### digesting process and/or water. Several sawm i lls burn waste wood to provide heat for wood drying kilns.

The waste stream bioenergy resource in New Mexi co has been studied in detail. The total potential for energy production in this sector is large, at 35 trillion BTU per year, although a signif i can t s h are of th is resourc e is alloc a ted f

o r other uses such as par ticleboard m a nufacture. The largest s ources in this secto r are sawm ill/wo od product waste and municipal solid waste.

Recent Development

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) is w o rking with the New Mexico Energy , Minerals and Natural

Resource D e partm e nt’s (EMNRD) Forestry Div i sion and Energy Conservation and Managem e nt Division on a wood chip-fueled power sy stem at Jem ez Mountain School.

EMNRD is also le ading ef f o rts to in vestig ate f o rest thinning energy projec ts for the R u idoso and Las Vegas areas. The USFS’ Forest Prod ucts Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Community Power Corporation are testing the beta version of a sm all (5-15 kilowatts electricity; 50 kW of useful heat), m odular forest products gasi fier at local businesses

in Glenco e (SBS W ood Shavings) and Cuba (A m e rican Medal Products ). In add itio n, the USFS is study ing the use of lu mber m ill re sidues and f

o re st thinn i n g f o r f u elin g bioene rgy proje c ts in Silver City and Angel Fire.

Rapid growth of the Ne w Mexico dairy industry ha s greatly increased the availability of m a nure in New Mexico. EMNRD’s Energy Conservation and Managem e nt Division is working with the US Departm e nt of Energy and the Dairy P r oducers of New Me xico on a project to create electricity and heat from this waste. D oña Ana County pecan growers are exploring th e feasibility of using pecan grove waste to fuel generation of electricity.

Geothermal

Overview

New Mexico has signif i cant low- temperature (<194 degrees Fahre nheit) geotherm al resources long its western border and in clos e proxim ity to the Rio Grande from north to south. Our state

is also bless e d with considerab le moderate to high tem p erature resources, including those in the Rincon area of Doña Ana County, near Cotton C ity in Hidalgo County, and the Valles Caldera

area in the Jem ez Mountains (Sandoval County). The table below provides a summ ary of geotherm al sites in New Mexic o. Comm on l o w-tem p erature app lications are space and wate r heating, while electricity can be gene rated from high-tem p erature sources.

Table 4. Geotherma l Resources in New Mexico

Site Temperatu re (oF) Flow (gpm) # Wells Depth (ft.) Doña Ana County:

Las Cruces 1 5 6

. 9 3 9 2 5 7 2

Radium Springs 1 7 0

. 1 N A 8 1 2 1 Grant County:

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### Faywood 1 2 7

. 4 3 1 N A Hurley 1 4 4 N A 1 5 2 1

. 7

San Juan/Sherm an 1 3 8

. 2 3 8 N A Hidalgo County:

Cotton City 2 2 5 2 0 0 1 3 4 3 9 McKinley C ounty

Ft. W i ngate 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 9 4 2 Rio Arriba County: Ojo Caliente/Gallegos 1 3 2

. 1 N A 2 8 8 San Miguel County

Las Vegas 1 3 1

. 3 N A 2 N A Sandoval County

Jem ez/San Ysidro 1 3 6 1 5 0 1 2 3 9

Jem ez Springs 1 6 3

. 9 5 2 6 N A Valencia County

Valencia 1 7 6 N A 1 7 2 1 Source: Witcher, J.C., 1995. A Geotherm al Resource Database, New Mexico; Southwest Technology Developm e n t Institute, New Mexico St ate University, Technical Report to Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center, 32 p.

Production and Use

Geotherm al resources in New Mexi co have been used directly in a significant m a nner for over 20 years. In the 1980’s, a large district hea ting system was installe d at New Mexico State University (NMSU) in Las Cruces; and the larg est geotherm al greenhouses in the nation were constructed. A key factor res ponsible for encouraging the deve lopm ent and use of geotherm al energy at that tim e was a $600,000 appropriation from the New Mexico State Legislature for geotherm al research, developm ent and dem onstr ation projects. The Energy Conservation and Managem e nt Division of EMNRD, with substan tial techn i cal assistan ce from the Southwest Technology Development Institute (SW T DI) at NMSU, established and im ple m ented the geotherm al RD&D projects. Subsequently, S W TDI cons tructed a geotherm al greenhouse

resea r ch an d business incubator f a cility in La s Cruces, as well as a geotherm al aquaculture facility co-located on site. As a direct resu lt of these efforts, four comm ercial greenhouses totaling over 30 acres have been established in southern New Mexico. SW TDI estim ates that these four geotherm ally heated greenhouses repr esent a capital investm e nt of more than $10

m illion, generating at least $14 m illion in annual sales and ab out 270 jobs

.

One of the l a rgest geo t h e rm al aquaculture facilities in the nation is also located in N e w Mexico, in the Animas Valley south of Lordsburg. This facility is owned and ope rated by Americu ltu re , Inc. The following table provides infor m ation on th e various direct-use geotherm al applications

in New Me xico. To da te, however, the state ha s not witnessed construc tion of any geotherm al electric generation plan ts of comm ercial s cale.

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-10

12/ 31/ 03

### Table 5. Geotherma l Use in New Mexico

S i t e T e m p e r a t u r e (oF) Flow (gpm) Energy (10 9



### BTUs/yr) Application

Catron County NA NA NA Resort & Spas – Bubbles Hot Springs Doña Ana County:

Las Cruces Area 142 417 45.9 District Heating (NMSU)

1 4 8 5 0 1

. 8 G r e e n h o u s e

– SW T D I (NMSU)

Radium Springs 148 700 27.6 Greenhouse – J & K Growers

1 6 0 2 6 0 0 1 1 9 G r e e n h o u s e

– 2 nd 

### la rges t nationally Masson Farm Hidalgo County:

Cotton City 2 4 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 9 Greenhouse

– L a r g e s t nationally B u rgett Floral

1 8 5 N A 0

. 7 G r e e n h o u s e s / A q u a c u l t u r e

– McCants/A m eriCulture Rio Arriba County 115 60 2.0 Resorts & S p as – Ojo Caliente Sandoval County NA NA NA Resorts & S p as – McCauley Hot Springs, Jem ez Springs

Bathhouse

165 40 1.3 Space Heating – Jem ez Springs Fire Departm e nt

113 NA NA Resorts & S p as – Truth or Consequences Sierra County

T o t a l 4 0 7

. 3

In FY 2000-01, DOE directly funded a number of private-sector resource assessm ent and

dem onstration projects in southern Ne w Mexico, which are now getting underway.

Recent Developments

The Energy Conservation and Managem e nt Divi sion (ECMD) of EMNRD ha s facilitated

prom otional and technical inform ation exchange s on geotherm al energy through a variety of

activ ities. ECMD held the f i r s t-eve r Ne w Mexico Geothermal Energy Conference in Albuquerque in April 2002, in partnership with DOE and Sandia National Laboratories, to provide inf o rm ation on New Mexico’s geotherm al resources and to explore m echanism s by which to encourage further developm ent. In addition, EC MD and the Southwest Technology Developm ent Institu te ( S W T DI) at NMSU s ecured throug h a nation a l com p etitio n US DOE funding in the a m ount of $50,000 for developm ent of a Geotherm al Inform ation Clearinghouse

in New Mexico. ECMD continues to coordinate the efforts of the Ne w Mexico Geotherm al Energy W o rking Group, which was established in partnership with Sandia National L a boratories under the auspices of DOE’s Geopowering the West program ; the group prom otes the developm ent and use of New Mexico’s geotherm al resources. SW TDI rem a ins a lead er in providing technical assistance a nd infor m ation for geotherm al developm ent in the state.

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-11

12/ 31/ 03

### Summary of New Mexico’s Total E n ergy Sales, Generation Capacity and Production

Public Service Company of New M e xico

PNM provides jurisdictional retail electric serv ice to a large area of north central New Mexico, including the City of A l buquerque and the C i ty of Santa Fe, a nd certain other areas of New Mexico. For the years 1997 through 2001, retail KW h sales have grown at a com pound annual rate of approxim a tely 2.65%. PNM’s peak dem a nd for summ er (2001) was 1,397 M W ; and winter, 1,294 M W

Table 6. PNM Operating Statis tics —New Mexico

2 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 Retail Energ y Sales (kWh in thousands):

R e s i d e n t i a l 2

, 2 9 8,54 2 2,19 7,88 9

Co m m e r c i a l 3

, 2 5 4,57 6 3,21 3,20 8

I n d u s t r i a l 1

, 6 1 2,72 3 1,60 3,26 6

O t h e r 2 4 0

, 6 6 5 240, 9 3 4

Total retail 7,40 6,50 6 7,25 5,29 7

Data fro m 10-K report fou nd at: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/11084 26/000110842602000015/00 01108426-02- 000015.txt



### Table 7. PNM Generating Capacity—December 31, 2002

Plant Name Location Capacity-Net (megawatts) Fuel Source % of Total Capacity by

Fuel Source

San Juan Waterflow, NM 765 MW Coal

Four Corners Fruitland, N M 192 MW Coal Coal: 67%

Reeves Albuquerque, NM 154 MW Gas/Oil Las Vega s Las Vega s, N M 20 MW Gas/Oil Gas/Oil: 4%

Palo Verde Wintersburg, AZ 390 MW Nuclear Nuclear: 29%

R e n e w a b l e s : 0%

T o t a l s 1,52 1 M W 100%

Notes: PNM also has a po wer purchase agreemen t under which it has access to 132 MW o f gas-fired capacity , bringing its t o tal available cap acity to 1,653 MW.

PNM Electric Plant Ownership:

San Juan—PNM owns 50 % of Units 1, 2, 3; an d 3 8

. 5 % of Unit 4

Four Corners—PNM owns 13% of Unit s 4, 5.

Palo Verde—PNM owns 10.2% of Unit s 1, 2, 3

Source : U.S. Securities an d Exchange Co mm ission, 10-K Report for the y ear ending December 31, 2 002

.

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-12

12/ 31/ 03

### El Paso Electric Company

In 2001, El Paso had retail jurisdictional sales in New Mexico of 1,305,122 M W h. [EPE

testim ony before the N M PRC, April 15, 2002, Utili ty Cas e #3619] Com p arisons of retail kWh sales by sector are show n below (i n thousands of kilowatt-hours):

Table 8. El Paso Operating St atistics—Texas an d New Mexico

2 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 Retail Energ y Sales (kWh in thousands):

R e s i d e n t i a l 1,87 0,93 1 1

, 7 8 9,19 9 1

, 7 6 7,92 8

Co mmercial and ind u strial, sm all 2,07 6,75 8 2,06 9,51 7 2,02 6,76 8

Co mmercial and ind u strial, large 1,16 1,81 5 1,17 4,23 5 1,14 2,16 3 Sales to publi c authorities 1, 2 1 2

, 1 8 0 1

, 1 8 5

, 5 2 1 1

, 1 7 7

, 8 8 3

T o t a l r e t a i l 6,32 1,68 4 6

, 2 1 8,47 2 6

, 1 1 4,74 2

Data fro m 10-K report fou nd at: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data /31978/ 000093066103001 165/d10k.ht m #tx715_5



### Table 9. El Paso Genera ting Capacity—December 31, 2002

P LANT N AME L OCATION Capacity-Net (megawatts) F UEL S OURCE % of Total Capacity by

Fuel Source

Four Corners Fruitland, N M 104 MW Coal Coal: 6%

Newman El Paso, TX 482 MW Gas/Oil

Rio Grande Sunland Park , NM 246 MW Gas/Oil Copper El Paso, TX 68 MW Gas/Oil Gas/Oil: 25%

Palo Verde Wintersburg, AZ 600 MW Nuclear Nuclear: 52%

Hueco Mt. Horizon Cit y , TX 1.32 MW Wind Renewables: <1%

Totals 1,52 1 M W 100%

El Paso Elect ric Plant Ownership:

Four Corners—El Paso owns 7% of Units 4, 5.

Palo Verde—El Paso owns 15.8% of Un its 1, 2, 3

Source : U.S. Securities an d Exchange Co mm ission, 10-K Report for the y ear ending December 31, 2 002

.



### Southw estern Public Service Company/Xcel

Table 10. SPS/Xcel Operating Statistics—Texas and New Mexico

2 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 2000
Retail Energ y Sales (kWh in thousands):

R e s i d e n t i a l 3

. 3 0 0 3 ,21 2 3,46 7

Co mmercial and ind u strial 12,0 4 4 12,4 04 12,3 8 3

Public Autho r ities and oth e r 549 549 608

Total retail 15,8 9 3 16,1 65 16,4 5 8

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-13

12/ 31/ 03Data fro m 10-K report fou nd at: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data /92521/ 000095013403003 112/c75034e 10vk.htm



### Table 11. SPS/Xcel Generating Capacity—December 31, 2002

P LANT N AME L OCATION Capacity-Net (megawatts) F UEL S OURCE % of Total Capacity by

Fuel Source Harrington Am arillo, TX 1,066 MW Coal

Tolk Muleshoe, TX 1,08 0 MW Coal Coal: 74%

Jones Lubbock

, TX 486 MW Gas

Plant X Earth, TX 442 MW Gas

Nichols Am arillo, TX 457 MW Gas Cunning ham Hobbs, NM 267 MW Gas (steam) Cunning ham “ 220 MW Gas (turbine)

Maddox Hobbs, NM 118 MW Gas (steam)

Maddox “ 65 MW Gas (turbine)

Moore Count y Am arillo, TX 48 MW Gas

Riverview Electric City

, TX 23 MW Gas (turbine)

Carlsbad Carlsbad, N M 13 MW Gas (turbine) Gas: 26%

CZ-1, 2 Pam p a, TX 39 MW Steam / Nitrogen N/A

Wind Tur b in e Texico, NM 0.66 MW Wind Renewables: <1 %

Totals 4,32 4 M W 100%

Source : U.S. Securities an d Exchange Co mm ission, 10-K Report for the y ear ending December 31, 2 002

.



### Texas-New Mexico Po w er Company

Purchased Power. TNP has no operating generation facili ties in New Mexico. All power purchased and distributed to its cu stom ers com e s from Public Service C o m p any of New Mexico; this arrang em ent continues through Decem ber 31, 2006

.

Purchased Power Costs. During 2002, TNP’s consolidated av erage cost per Kilowatt-Hour (kW h ) of purchased pow er was 4.05 cents per k W h. In 2001, prior to retail com p etition, TNP’ s average cost of purchased power was 4.58 cents per kW h.

Table 12. TNP Operating Statistics—Texas and New M exico

Sales (MWh): 2002 2001 2000

R e s i d e n t i a l 2

, 6 2 2,97 8 2 ,55 5 ,47 2 2,58 2,08 1

Co m m e r c i a l 2

, 0 9 5,66 6 2 ,08 9 ,97 8 2,06 9,04 6

I n d u s t r i a l 1

, 9 5 7,92 0 1 ,46 6 ,17 8 4,61 0,05 9

Sales for resale 1,97 8,19 4 291, 958 281, 017

O t h e r 1 1 0

, 592 99,8 8 4 101, 5 6 3

T o t a l 8

, 7 6 6,35 0 9 ,20 3 ,47 0 9,64 3,76 6

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-14

12/ 31/ 03Data fro m 10-K report fou nd at: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/da ta/22767/ 00009306610 3001293/d10k.ht m



### Regional Modeling Analysis

The WRAP Air Pollu tio n Prevention Forum comm issioned th e ICF Consulting Group to analyze the potential e m ission reductions, co sts, and secondary regional ec onom ic im pacts of m e eting the 10/20 goals and energy efficiency recomm endati ons (ICF, 2002). The an alysis of this case incorporates the results of the ICF analysis for the Air Pollu tion Preven tion Forum in a scenario

that includes 2018 m ilestone case em ission es tim ates for non-utility point sources.

The estim ated sulfur dioxide (SO 2 

### ) and oxides of nitrogen (NO

x 

### ) em issions by utility unit f o r existing facilities, and by State for new sour ces, were provided by the ICF Consulting Group. The percentage changes in SO 2 

### and NO

x 

### e m issions by unit were applied to the 2018 Milestone

Case em issions to estim ate air pollu tion preven tion case emissions for this analys is. The ICF model also provided estim a ted SO 2 

### and NO

x 

### r e ductions for new sources. These new source

em ission reductions were applied to the utility units in each State in proportion to 2018 m ilestone

case em issio n s. Because of the regio n al SO 2 

### trading program , the regional SO 2 

### em issions tota l is

the sam e in the air po llution prev ention cas e as it was for the m ilesto n e case. T h ere is som e shifting of SO 2 

### e m issions am ong uni ts and States, though. Regional NO

x 

### e m issions decline by about 14 thousand tons (air pollu tion prevention case versus m ile stone case). A State-level summary of utility em ission changes by State from the 2018 m ilestone case is p r ov ided be low.

The tribal n e w source changes we re allocated to Arizona. States not listed had no em issions change.

Table 13. Summary of Utility Emission Changes by 2018

Air Pollutio n Preventio n Case Emissions Chan g e
State NO

x 

### t py SO 2 

### t py
A r i z o n a

- 3

, 267 5

, 558

C o l o r a d o

- 1

, 3 7 0 -1,119

N e v a d a

- 4 3 0 -307

New Mexico -7,053 -5,135

U t a h

- 7 8 0 -595 Wyom i n g

- 1

, 3 7 4 1,598 Regional Changes -14,274 0

The f o llowing table pre s ents the a i r pollution p r ev ention case results for point sources in the GCVTC transport region States. In the air pollution p r even tion case, G C VTC transport region point source SO 2 

### e m issions are 510,000 tons.

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-15

12/ 31/ 03

### Table 14. 2018 Air Pollution Prevention Case S cenario - Point Source Emissions by Sector (GCVTC transport region States)

2018 Em issions (tpy)

MTF Ftype FIPSST State

Code State VOC NO

x CO SO 2 PM 10 PM 2. 5 NH 3

1 U t i l i t y 0 4 A Z Arizo na 70 0 9 1

, 3 3 1 7, 20 5 6 7

, 0 8 5 3, 43 4 1

, 65 9 8

0 8 C O C o l o ra d o 60 2 8 0

, 7 8 5 7, 12 2 4 6

, 9 1 8 1, 62 4 1, 00 6 6

3 2 N V Neva d a 36 9 4 3

, 8 2 5 3, 07 3 1 9

, 2 9 4 5, 60 7 2, 50 6 3

3 5 NM New

Mex i co 78 3 8 4

, 7 6 2 7, 07 7 6 5

, 7 5 6 9, 16 1 2

, 70 7 4

4 1 OR Ore g o n 51 10 ,0 9 4 42 4 3

, 9 3 5 25 7 17 7 0

4 9 U T Ut a h 43 0 7 5

, 2 2 9 5, 31 7 2 3

, 7 6 3 2, 56 1 1, 13 5 3

5 6 W Y W y om i n g 1

, 2 3 8 10 2, 4 3 9 1 1

, 3 4 6 69 ,3 8 3 11 ,1 0 0 6, 61 2 0 4, 17 3 48 8, 4 6 5 4 1 ,564 29 6, 1 3 4 3 3 ,744 1 5 ,802 24

2 S m el t e r s 0 4 A Z Ari z o n a 23 1 1

, 3 4 5 40 7 4 4

, 5 6 4 2, 28 2 1, 28 3 0

3 5 NM New

Mex i co 10 77 2 1 4 1 35 ,2 3 6 1, 24 7 2 4 8 0

4 9 U T Ut a h 8 2 3 0 92 1, 03 6 3 2 2 13 0 4 7

24 9 2, 34 8 63 9 8 0 ,836 3, 85 0 1, 66 1 48

3 A L L

Othe rs 0 4 A Z Ari z o n a 9, 84 4 4 1

, 9 3 8 24 ,3 0 5 2, 26 7 2 1

, 0 2 1 6, 58 3 2 2

0 6 C A C a l i f or

ni a 1 0 4

, 3 37 10 6, 7 0 7 1 5 2

, 1 22 31 ,1 9 7 45 ,4 1 9 24 ,4 0 0 26 ,9 0 0

0 8 CO Co lo r a do 4 3 ,784 4 8 ,767 4 7 ,858 1 0 ,701 2 9 ,746 1 7 ,246 1 7 5

1 6 I D Ida h o 27 5 7

, 2 9 5 6, 41 0 1 3

, 6 1 3 6, 97 9 4, 31 4 2

3 2 N V Neva d a 1, 74 0 8

, 6 0 1 26 ,7 4 1 3, 35 4 1 6

, 6 5 2 5, 85 6 8 6

3 5 NM New

Mex i co 23 ,1 4 8 63 ,1 7 1 52 ,6 1 6 32 ,1 2 9 1, 32 8 5 2 3 1 2 8

4 1 OR Ore g o n 23 ,5 8 3 21 ,7 9 4 10 7, 8 8 8 4

, 4 5 3 13 ,3 8 0 9, 56 3 1 8

4 9 U T Ut a h 12 ,8 1 1 27 ,8 5 1 55 ,4 7 4 11 ,4 3 4 18 ,0 9 4 10 ,9 7 9 1, 11 1

5 6 W Y W y om i n g 2 7

, 4 7 3 35 ,7 4 1 59 ,242 2 3 ,880 2 0 ,940 1 3 ,145 1

, 1 5 3

24 6, 9 9 5 36 1, 8 6 5 53 2, 6 5 6 13 3, 0 2 8 17 3, 5 5 9 9 2 ,609 2 9 ,595

Point Source Totals 251, 417 852, 678 574, 859 509, 998 211, 153 110, 072 29,6 6 7



### The 22-State region criteria pollutant em ission summaries for th e air p o llution p r evention case are presented in the following table.

Table 15. 2018 Air Pollution Prevention Case S cenario - Point Source Emissions by State (22-State Region)

2018 Em issions (tpy)

MTF Ftype FIPSST State

Code State VOC NO

x CO SO 2 PM 10 PM 2. 5 NH 3

1 U t i l i t y 0 4 A Z A r i z o n a 7 0 0 9 1

, 3 3 1 7

, 2 0 5 6 7

, 0 8 5 3

, 4 3 4 1

, 6 5 9 8

1 U t i l i t y 0 5 A R A r k a n s a s 9 1 8 5 0

, 9 6 4 7

, 2 4 8 71, 4 9 6 1

, 6 5 4 1

, 1 4 0 9 8

1 U t i l i t y 0 8 C O C o l o r a d o 6 0 2 8 0

, 7 8 5 7

, 1 2 2 4 6

, 9 1 8 1

, 6 2 4 1

, 0 0 6 6

1 U t i l i t y 1 9 I A I o w a 9 4 3 76, 8 1 1 8

, 5 3 7 107,00 6 3

, 1 4 1 1

, 8 0 3 1 8

1 U t i l i t y 2 0 K S K a n s a s 1, 1 9 2 9 1

, 6 6 4 9

, 2 0 7 81, 1 5 3 2

, 1 6 6 1

, 3 7 0 6 5

1 U t i l i t y 2 2 L A L o u i s i a n a 1, 9 7 3 7 5

, 8 0 3 1 7

, 0 7 7 7 5

, 6 8 0 3

, 1 1 6 1

, 9 3 3 9 2 5

1 U t i l i t y 2 7 M N M i n n e s o t a 1, 0 0 7 8 4

, 0 5 6 7

, 8 3 3 61, 0 2 5 4

, 1 7 2 2

, 0 2 4 2 1

1 U t i l i t y 2 9 M O M i s s o u r i 2

, 0 5 3 113,51 5 1 3

, 6 7 8 261,75 9 3

, 0 6 1 2

, 0 1 4 2 6

1 U t i l i t y 3 0 M T M o n t a n a 4 0 5 2 6

, 0 3 0 3

, 3 8 2 1 2

, 8 6 2 4

, 1 3 6 2

, 0 6 2 5

1 U t i l i t y 3 1 N E N e b r a s k a 5 1 4 4 6

, 6 3 1 4

, 0 7 0 45, 9 4 6 1

, 0 1 4 7 0 3 8

1 U t i l i t y 3 2 N V N e v a d a 3 6 9 4 3

, 8 2 5 3

, 0 7 3 1 9

, 2 9 4 5

, 6 0 7 2

, 5 0 6 3

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-16

12/ 31/ 032018 Em issions (tpy)

MTF Ftype FIPSST State

Code State VOC NO

x CO SO 2 PM 10 PM 2. 5 NH 3

1 U t i l i t y 3 5 N M N e w Mex i co 7 8 3 8 4

, 7 6 2 7, 0 7 7 65, 7 5 6 9, 1 6 1 2, 7 0 7 4

1 U t i l i t y 3 8 N D N o r t h

Dakota 1, 3 5 7 1 0 8

, 55 8 15, 8 0 8 132, 83 6 3, 6 0 4 2, 0 9 5 1 5

1 U t i l i t y 4 0 O K Oklaho m a 1, 6 1 4 8 8

, 5 4 3 1 5

, 7 9 7 7 9

, 8 2 4 2

, 3 8 9 1

, 6 8 2 3 1 4

1 U t i l i t y 4 1 O R O r e g o n 5 1 1 0

, 0 9 4 4 2 4 3

, 9 3 5 2 5 7 1 7 7 0

1 U t i l i t y 4 6 S D S o u t h

Dakota 1 3 0 1 7

, 5 4 2 6 1 5 11, 1 0 2 5 5 4 0 1

1 U t i l i t y 4 8 T X T e x a s 1 1

, 1 7 3 219,85 0 1 2 7

, 6 2 1 4 7 1

, 5 4 4 2 3

, 3 6 2 1 7

, 1 8 2 2

, 5 8 3

1 U t i l i t y 4 9 U T U t a h 4 3 0 7 5

, 2 2 9 5

, 3 1 7 2 3

, 7 6 3 2

, 5 6 1 1

, 1 3 5 3

1 U t i l i t y 5 3 W A W a s h i n g t o n 2 5 7 1 9

, 1 5 2 2

, 1 3 3 8

, 7 2 1 2

, 9 5 5 2

, 0 3 3 0

1 U t i l i t y 5 6 W Y Wy o m i n g 1

, 2 3 8 102,43 9 1 1

, 3 4 6 6 9

, 3 8 3 1 1

, 1 0 0 6

, 6 1 2 0 27, 708 1, 507, 58 2 274, 56 9 1, 717, 08 8 88, 569 51, 884 4, 105

2 S m elter s 0 4 AZ Ar i z o n a 2 3 1 1, 3 4 5 4 0 7 44, 5 6 4 2, 2 8 2 1, 2 8 3 0

2 S m elte r s 3 5 N M N e w Mex i co 1 0 7 7 2 1 4 1 35, 2 3 6 1, 2 4 7 2 4 8 0

2 S m elter s 4 9 UT U t a h 8 2 3 0 9 2 1, 0 3 6 3 2 2 1 3 0 4 7

249 2, 348 639 80, 836 3, 850 1, 661 48

3 A l l

Others 0 4 A Z Ar i z o n a 9, 8 4 4 41, 9 3 8 24, 3 0 5 2, 2 6 7 21, 0 2 1 6, 5 8 3 2 2

3 A l l

Others 0 5 A R Ar k a n s a s 18, 1 5 0 22, 0 3 7 116, 92 1 8, 9 7 2 32, 6 9 3 17, 3 3 1 25, 3 2 5

3 A l l

Others 0 6 C A Califor n i a 104, 33 7 106, 70 7 152, 12 2 31, 1 9 7 45, 4 1 9 24, 4 0 0 26, 9 0 0

3 A l l

Others 0 8 C O Color a d o 43, 7 8 4 48, 7 6 7 4 7

, 8 5 8 1 0

, 7 0 1 29, 7 4 6 17, 2 4 6 1 7 5

3 A l l

Others 1 6 I D I d a h o 2 7 5 7, 2 9 5 6, 4 1 0 13, 6 1 3 6, 9 7 9 4, 3 1 4 2

3 A l l

Others 1 9 I A I o w a 12, 5 5 3 30, 1 9 4 1 0

, 5 5 1 3 8

, 7 7 9 10, 9 9 9 6, 1 6 8 13, 7 4 6

3 A l l

Others 2 0 K S K a n s a s 33, 2 8 3 103, 54 0 78, 4 2 7 5, 5 1 0 18, 8 0 1 13, 1 2 0 1 9

, 2 3 7

3 A l l

Others 2 2 L A L o u i s i a n a 150, 18 0 241, 22 7 576, 86 4 89, 2 9 9 35, 7 4 6 26, 0 3 8 72, 2 1 4

3 A l l

Others 2 7 M N M i n n e s o t a 45, 0 4 0 93, 1 7 9 9 5

, 5 8 0 2 2

, 0 2 4 127, 52 7 56, 3 8 8 1, 2 6 7

3 A l l

Others 2 9 M O M i ssour i 91, 0 6 9 42, 1 5 5 194, 10 3 76, 6 4 8 77, 1 6 3 28, 9 5 4 36, 3 7 2

3 A l l

Others 3 0 M T M o n t a n a 7, 4 5 1 18, 5 3 6 5 7

, 2 2 6 1 4

, 5 7 8 11, 1 0 5 5, 8 8 2 2 9 3

3 A l l

Others 3 1 N E Nebr a s k a 12, 9 5 4 15, 0 7 4 21, 1 6 5 6, 6 0 2 11, 1 6 3 4, 4 1 8 1 9

3 A l l

Others 3 2 N V N e v a d a 1, 7 4 0 8, 6 0 1 26, 7 4 1 3, 3 5 4 16, 6 5 2 5, 8 5 6 8 6

3 A l l

Others 3 5 N M N e w Mex i co 23, 1 4 8 63, 1 7 1 5 2

, 6 1 6 3 2

, 1 2 9 1, 3 2 8 5 2 3 1 2 8

3 A l l

Others 3 8 N D N o r t h

Dakota 6 1 0 1 1

, 4 9 3 7, 9 3 9 50, 9 7 5 1, 9 8 1 1, 4 3 9 1 6

3 A l l

Others 4 0 O K Oklaho m a 75, 0 1 9 117, 68 5 240, 02 4 16, 5 6 6 11, 5 5 9 6, 2 4 8 27, 0 1 0

3 A l l

Others 4 1 O R Or e g o n 23, 5 8 3 21, 7 9 4 107, 88 8 4, 4 5 3 13, 3 8 0 9, 5 6 3 1 8

3 A l l

Others 4 6 S D S o u t h

Dakota 1, 4 2 3 4

, 5 3 4 0 1 7 2 7 1 4 3 9 2 1

3 A l l

Others 4 8 T X T e x a s 336, 69 1 404, 51 0 4 5 8

, 31 1 1 7 0

, 56 2 42, 7 7 0 27, 8 0 0 1, 7 5 6

3 A l l

Others 4 9 UT U t a h 12, 8 1 1 27, 8 5 1 5 5

, 4 7 4 1 1

, 4 3 4 18, 0 9 4 10, 9 7 9 1, 1 1 1

3 A l l

Others 5 3 W A W a s h i n g t o n 26, 2 5 3 45, 6 6 5 273, 84 8 22, 5 6 2 11, 3 6 5 7, 9 7 4 6, 6 6 0

3 A l l

Others 5 6 W Y Wy o m i n g 27, 4 7 3 35, 7 4 1 5 9

, 2 4 2 2 3

, 8 8 0 20, 9 4 0 13, 1 4 5 1, 1 5 3

1, 057, 67 4 1, 511, 69 4 2, 663, 61 6 656, 27 7 567, 14 7 294, 75 9 233, 50 9

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-17

12/ 31/ 032018 Em issions (tpy)

MTF Ftype FIPSST State

Code State VOC NO

x CO SO 2 PM 10 PM 2. 5 NH 3

Totals 1,085,632 3,021,623 2,938,824 2,454,201 659,566 348,303 237,661



### The f o llowing table sho w s the elec tric ity gene ra ting units in the GCVTC Transport Region with predic ted S O 2 

### and NO

x 

### em ission changes in the ai r pollution prevention case.

Table 16. Air Pollu tion Prevention Case Electricity Generati ng Unit Emissions

Percentage

Change* Milestone

Case 2018 Pollution

Prevention

Case 2018 Difference

State County U n i t I D ORIS ID Plant NOx S O 2 N O x S O 2 NOx SO 2 NOx S O 2

A Z N a v a j o 1 1 1 3 APS C h o l l a -40. 52% -40.51% 2,066 1

, 0 5 0 1,229 625 -837 -425

A Z N a v a j o 3 1 1 3 APS C h o l l a 0 344.45 4,081 2

, 2 9 2 4,081 10,189 0 7 ,896

C O M o n t r o s e 1 5 2 7 N u c l a 0

- 2.36 1,038 1

, 5 3 0 1

, 0 3 8 1

, 4 9 4 0

- 36

NM San Juan 1 2451 San Juan Gen e rating

- 36.25 -36.25 6,926 7

, 1 7 0 4

, 4 1 5 4

, 5 7 1 -2,511 -2,599

NM San Juan 3 2451 San Juan Gen e rating

- 40.48 -25.07 9,911 8

, 4 5 9 5

, 8 9 9 6

, 3 3 8 -4,012 -2,121

W Y S w e e t w a t e r B W 7 2 8 0 6 6 Pacifico rp-Jim Bridger -0.04 55.42 10,171 4,838 10,167 7,519 -4 2,681

34,193 2 5

, 3 3 8 2 6

, 8 2 9 3 0

, 7 3 4 -7,364 5,396 *Compared with the 2018 Milestone Case.



### These m odel-estim ated changes occu r at 6 units at 4 plants in 4 States (Arizona, Colorado, Ne w Mexico, and W y om ing). Expected SO 2 

### em ission increases occur at Cholla #2 and Pacific CorpJim Bridger. These em ission increa ses are offset by d ecreas es in SO 2 

### em issions at Cholla #1, 2 San Juan Generating Station units, and at Nucla. NO

x 

### e m issions in the air pollution prevention case are always lower th an or equal to those in the m ileston e case. The larges t NO

x 

### em ission reductions in the pollution prevention case occur in New Mexico at San Juan Generating Station.

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-18

12/ 31/ 03

### Renewable Resource Potential Maps

New Mexico Biom ass Potential (from Renewable Energy Atlas of the W e st, Land and W a ter Fund of the Rockies, undated)

New Mexico Geothermal Potential (from Renewa ble Energy Atlas of the W e st, Land and W a ter Fund of the Rockies, undated)

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-19

12/ 31/ 03

### New Mexic o Solar Pote ntia l (f rom Renewable En ergy Atlas of the W e st, Land and W a ter Fund of the Rockies, undated)

The following wind potential m a p is from the New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural

Resources D e partm e nt, Energy Conser vation and Managem e nt Division.

NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-20

12/ 31/ 03NM Regi onal Haze SIP Page G-21

12/ 31/ 03NM Regional Haze SIP Page G-22

12/31/03 

### Renewable Energy Generation and Consumption in New Mexico

New Mexico produces 684 MW of el ectricity. Of this total, 0.66 MW are produced from wind energy. Renewable energy generation is less than one percent of total energy generation in New Mexico. Renewable energy consumption in New Mexico is 1,642 million kilowatt-hours. Total energy consumption in New Mexico is 251 bil lion kilowatt-hours. Re newable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and ge othermal, currently provide less than one percent of New Mexico’s annual energy needs.

New Mexico will rely on the programs outlined in Tables G-1 and G-2 in Section G to meet the 10/20 goals of the Regional Haze Rule.