Alcohols, C18-22, distn. residues (CAS No. 1160164-88-4): 

A 48-HOUR STATIC ACUTE TOXICITY TEST 

WITH THE CLADOCERAN (Daphnia magna) 

FINAL REPORT 

WILDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, LTD. PROJECT NUMBER: 527A-102 

OECD GUIDELINE 202 

U.S. EPA OPPTS NUMBER 850.1010 

AUTHORS: 

Susan J. Palmer, B.S. 

Mary Beth Claude, B.S. 

Henry O. Krueger, Ph.D. 

STUDY INITIATION DATE: October 30, 2009 

STUDY COMPLETION DATE: January 12, 2010 

SUBMITTED TO: 

Sasol Germany GmbH 

Building 1033/PB 02 

Paul-Baumann-Str. 1 

D-45764 Marl 

Germany 

Wildlife International, Ltd. 

8598 Commerce Drive 

Easton, Maryland 21601 USA 

1-410-822-8600 

Page 1 of 24 
Wildlife International, Ltd. 

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STATEMENT OF NO DATA CONFIDENTIALITY CLAIMS 

No claim of confidentiality is made for any information contained in this study on the basis of its 

falling within the scope of FIFRA section 10(d)(1)(A), (B) or (C). 

 Company: _________________________ (Typed Name) 

 Company Agent: _________________________ (Typed Name) 

 Title: _________________________ 

 Signature: ________________________________ Date: ____________ 
Wildlife International, Ltd. Project Number 527A-102 

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GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE COMPLIANCE STATEMENT 

SPONSOR: Sasol Germany GmbH 

TITLE: Alcohols, CI8-22, distn. residues (CAS No. 1160164-88-4): A 48-Hour Static Acute 

Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna) 

WILDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, LTD. PROJECT NUMBER: 527A-102 

STUDY COMPLETION: January 12, 2010 

This study was conducted in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice Standards as 

published by the V.S. Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR Parts 160 and 792, 17 August 

1989); OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (ENVIMC/CHEM (98) 17); and Japan MAFF 

(11 NohSan, Notification No. 6283, Agricultural Production Bureau, I October 1999), with the 

following exceptions: 

Periodic analyses of water for potential contaminants were not performed according to Good 

Laboratory Practice Standards, but were performed using a certified laboratory and standard VS EPA 

analytical methods. 

The characterization of the test substance, and the stability of the test substance under the 

conditions of storage at the test site, were not determined in accordance with Good Laboratory 

Practice Standards. 

STUDY DIRECTOR: 

SPONSOR APPROVAL: 

Sponsor Representative Date 

ApplicantlSubmitter Date 
Wildlife International, Ltd. Project Number 527A-I02 

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QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT 

This study was examined for compliance with Good Laboratory Practice Standards as 

published by the V.S. Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR Parts 160 and 792, 17 August 

1989); OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (ENVIMC/CHEM (98) 17); and Japan MAFF 

(11 NohSan, Notification No. 6283, Agricultural Production Bureau, 1 October 1999). The dates of 

all inspections and audits and the dates that any findings were reported to the Study Director and 

Laboratory Management were as follows: 

DATE REPORTED TO: 

ACTIVITY: DATE CONDUCTED: STUDY DIRECTOR: MANAGEMENT: 

Protocol October 12, 2009 October 12, 2009 October 14, 2009 

Test Substance Preparation November 2, 2009 November 2, 2009 November 4, 2009 

Obsevations/Temperature 

Measurements November 5, 2009 November 5, 2009 November 9, 2009 

Biological Data and Draft Report December 22, 2009 December 22, 2009 Januaty 4, 2010 

Final Report Januaty 12,2010 January 12, 2010 Januaty 12,2010 

All inspections were study-based unless otherwise noted. 

Linda R. Mitchell Date 

Director of Regulatory and Ecotox Operations 
Wildlife International, Ltd. Project Number 527A-102 

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REPORT APPROVAL 

SPONSOR: Sasol Gennany GmbH 

TITLE: Alcohols, CIS-22, distil. residues (CAS No. II60164-SS-4): A 4S-Hour Static Acute 

Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna) 

WILDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, LID. PROJECT NUMBER: 527A-102 

Senior Biologist 

PRINCIPAL BIOLOGIST 

Mary Beth Claude, B.S. 

Biologist 

O. Krueger, Ph.D. 

Director of Aquatic, Plant and Insect Toxicology 

I /;)/10 

Date 1 } 

Date / J 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ................................................................................................................................................ 1 

Statement of No Data Confidentiality Claims........................................................................................ 2 

Good Laboratory Practice Compliance Statement ................................................................................. 3

Quality Assurance Statement ................................................................................................................. 4 

Report Approval ..................................................................................................................................... 5 

Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... 6 

Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 8 

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 9 

Objective ................................................................................................................................................ 9 

Experimental Design .............................................................................................................................. 9 

Materials and Methods ......................................................................................................................... 10 

 Test Substance......................................................................................................................... 10 

 Test Organism ......................................................................................................................... 10 

 Dilution Water......................................................................................................................... 11 

 Test Apparatus......................................................................................................................... 11 

 Preparation of Test Concentrations ......................................................................................... 12 

 Analytical Sampling................................................................................................................ 12 

 Environmental Conditions....................................................................................................... 12 

 Observations............................................................................................................................ 13 

 Statistical Analyses.................................................................................................................. 13 

Results and Discussion......................................................................................................................... 13 

 Measurement of TOC in Test Solutions.................................................................................. 13 

 Observations and Measurements............................................................................................. 14 

Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 14 

References ............................................................................................................................................ 15 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 

TABLES 

Table 1. Measurements of Total Organic Carbon in Test Solution Samples.................................. 16 

Table 2. Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen and pH of Water in the Test Chambers........................ 17 

Table 3. Specific Conductance, Hardness and Alkalinity 

 Measured in Dilution Water at Test Initiation .................................................................. 18 

Table 4. Cumulative Immobility and Observations ........................................................................ 19 

Table 5. EL50 Values ..................................................................................................................... 20 

APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Specific Conductance, Hardness, Alkalinity and pH of Well Water 

 Measured During the 4-Week Period Immediately Preceding the Test.................. 21 

Appendix 2. Analyses of Pesticides, Organics and Metals in Wildlife International, Ltd. 

 Well Water .............................................................................................................. 22 

Appendix 3. Personnel Involved in the Study ............................................................................. 24 
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SUMMARY 

SPONSOR: Sasol Germany GmbH 

TITLE: Alcohols, C18-22, distn. residues (CAS No. 1160164-88-4): A 48-Hour Static Acute 

Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna) 

WILDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, LTD. PROJECT NUMBER: 527A-102 

TEST DATES: Experimental Start (OECD): November 2, 2009 

 Experimental Start (EPA): November 4, 2009 

 Biological Termination: November 6, 2009 

 Experimental Termination: November 11, 2009 

LENGTH OF EXPOSURE: 48 Hours 

TEST ORGANISMS: Cladoceran (Daphnia magna) 

SOURCE OF TEST ORGANISMS: Wildlife International, Ltd. Cultures 

 Easton, Maryland 21601 

AGE OF TEST ORGANISMS: Neonates <24 hours at test start 

WAF LOADING RATE: Nominal

 Negative Control 

 100 mg/L 

 

RESULTS: Based on nominal WAF loading rates: 

 48-Hour EL50: >100 mg/L 

 No-Immobility Level: 100 mg/L 

 48-Hour NOEL: 100 mg/L 
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INTRODUCTION

This study was conducted by Wildlife International, Ltd. for Sasol Germany GmbH at the 

Wildlife International, Ltd. aquatic toxicology facility in Easton, Maryland. The in-life phase of the 

definitive toxicity test was conducted from November 4, 2009 to November 6, 2009. Raw data 

generated by Wildlife International, Ltd. and a copy of the final report are filed under Project Number 

527A-102 in archives located on the Wildlife International, Ltd. site. 

OBJECTIVE 

The objective of this study was to determine the acute effects of the test substance (Alcohols, 

C18-22, distn. residues (CAS No. 1160164-88-4)) on the cladoceran, Daphnia magna, during a 48-

hour exposure period under static test conditions. 

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 

Daphnids were exposed to a single limit concentration of test solution prepared using water 

accommodated fractions (WAF) of the test substance and a negative control (dilution water) for 48 

hours under static conditions. Three replicate test chambers were maintained in each treatment and 

control group, with 10 daphnids in each test chamber for a total of 30 daphnids per concentration. 

The nominal WAF loading rate was selected in consultation with the Sponsor based on information 

provided by the sponsor. For this test, the term loading rate means the total amount of test substance 

added to the dilution water volume (mg/L) to achieve the respective WAF solution. The nominal 

WAF loading rate selected was 100 mg test substance/L. Samples of test water were collected at test 

initiation and termination for analysis of total organic carbon (TOC). 

Daphnids were impartially assigned to test chambers at test initiation. Observations of 

immobility and other signs of toxicity were made approximately 4, 24 and 48 hours after test 

initiation. Cumulative percent immobility observed in the treatment groups was used to determine 

EL50 values (i.e., the theoretical WAF loading rate that produces 50% immobility) at 24 and 

48 hours. The no-immobility level and the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) were determined by 

visual interpretation of the immobility and observation data. 
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MATERIALS AND METHODS 

The study was conducted according to the procedures outlined in the protocol, “Alcohols, 

C18-22, distn. residues (CAS No. 1160164-88-4): A 48-Hour Static Acute Toxicity Test with the 

Cladoceran (Daphnia magna)”. The protocol was based on procedures outlined in the OECD 

Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Guideline 202: Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilization Test (1); 

U.S. EPA Series 850 – Ecological Effects Test Guidelines (draft), OPPTS Number 850.1010: Aquatic 

Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids (2); and ASTM Standard E729-96: Standard 

Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates and 

Amphibians (3). 

Test Substance 

The test substance was received from Sasol Germany GmbH on September 11, 2009. It was 

assigned Wildlife International, Ltd. identification number 9187 upon receipt and was stored under 

ambient conditions. The test substance, a solid, was identified as: Alcohols, C18-22, distn. Residues; 

Lot number 03585/MA, Spec: 59B1RN2; CAS number 1160164-88-4. The test substance had a 

reported purity of 100% and an expiration date of August 2013. 

Test Organism 

The cladoceran, Daphnia magna, was selected as the test species for this study. Daphnids are 

representative of an important group of aquatic invertebrates and were selected for use in the test 

based upon past history of use and ease of culturing in the laboratory. Daphnid neonates used in the 

test were less than 24 hours old and were obtained from cultures maintained by Wildlife International, 

Ltd., Easton, Maryland. 

Adult daphnids were cultured in water from the same source and at approximately the same 

temperature as used during the test. During the 2-week period immediately preceding the test, water 

temperatures in the cultures ranged from 19.5 to 20.6oC, measured with a hand-held liquid-in-glass 

thermometer. The pH of the water ranged from 8.3 to 8.6, measured with a Fisher Scientific Accumet 

Model 915 pH meter. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 7.6 to 9.2 mg/L (≥84% of saturation), measured 

with a Yellow Springs Instruments Model 85 dissolved oxygen meter. Daphnids in the cultures were 

fed daily a mixture of yeast, cereal grass media and trout chow (YCT), as well as a suspension of the 
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freshwater green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The adults were fed prior to test initiation, 

but neonates were not fed during the test. 

The three adult daphnids used to supply neonates for the test were held for at least 14 days 

prior to collection of the juveniles for testing, and had each produced at least one previous brood. 

Adult daphnids in the culture had produced an average of at least three young per adult per day over 

the 7-day period prior to the test. The adults showed no signs of disease or stress and no ephippia 

were produced during the holding period. At test initiation, the juvenile daphnids were collected from 

the cultures and indiscriminately transferred one or two at a time to transfer chambers until each 

chamber contained 10 daphnids. Each group of daphnids then was transferred to an indiscriminately 

assigned test chamber. All transfers were made below the water surface using wide-bore pipettes. 

Dilution Water 

The water used for culturing and testing was freshwater obtained from a well approximately 

40 meters deep located on the Wildlife International, Ltd. site. The well water was passed through a 

sand filter to remove particles greater than approximately 25 μm, and pumped into a 37,800-L storage 

tank where the water was aerated with spray nozzles. Prior to use, the water was filtered to 0.45 μm 

to remove fine particles and was passed through an ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer. 

The well water is characterized as moderately-hard water. The specific conductance, 

hardness, alkalinity and pH of the well water during the four-week period immediately preceding the 

test as well as the monthly total organic carbon of the well water are presented in Appendix 1. The 

results of periodic analyses performed to measure the concentrations of selected organic and 

inorganic constituents in the well water are presented in Appendix 2. 

Test Apparatus 

Test chambers were 250-mL glass beakers containing approximately 200 mL of test water. 

The depth of the test water in a representative chamber was 5.5 cm. Each test chamber was labeled 

with the project number, test concentration and replicate. Test chambers were impartially positioned 

in an environmental chamber set to maintain the desired test temperature. 
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Preparation of Test Concentrations 

The test solution was prepared in the form of water accommodated fractions (WAF) at a 

nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L. Each WAF was prepared by weighing the test substance in a tared 

beaker and rinsing it with dilution water (UV sterilized well water) into a 13.2-L Pyrex® aspirator 

bottle to a final volume of 12 L. Each solution was stirred with a Teflon®-coated stir bar on a 

magnetic stir plate for approximately 48 hours. Care was taken to maintain a vortex depth of 

approximately 30% of the test solution height. Following the mixing period, each WAF solution was 

allowed to settle for approximately one hour before the solution was decanted from mid-depth into 

the test chambers through a spigot and tubing placed approximately 2-3 cm from the bottom of the 

aspirator bottle. The negative control solution was prepared using the same procedures, without 

addition of test substance. 

Analytical Sampling 

Duplicate samples were collected from each test concentration and control at the beginning of 

the test and at 48 hours to measure concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC). The samples were 

collected from mid-depth into glass vials, acidified with 2N HCl, and stored under refrigeration prior 

to analysis. TOC was measured using a Shimadzu Model TOC-VCSH total organic carbon analyzer. 

Environmental Conditions 

Ambient laboratory light was used to illuminate the test systems. Fluorescent light bulbs that 

emit wavelengths similar to natural sunlight were controlled by an automatic timer to provide a 

photoperiod of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. A 30-minute transition period of low light 

intensity was provided when lights went on and off to avoid sudden changes in lighting. Light 

intensity was measured at the water surface of one representative test chamber at test initiation using 

a SPER Scientific Model 840006C light meter. 

The target test temperature during the study was 20 ± 1oC. Temperature was measured in 

each test chamber at the beginning and end of the test and at approximately 24 hours during the test 

using a liquid-in-glass thermometer. Temperature also was monitored continuously during the test in 

a container of water placed adjacent to the test chambers, using a Fulscope ER/C Recorder. The 

recorder was verified prior to test initiation with a liquid-in-glass thermometer. 
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Dissolved oxygen and pH were measured in each test chamber at the beginning and end of 

the test and at approximately 24 hours during the test. Dissolved oxygen was measured using a 

Thermo Orion Model 850Aplus dissolved oxygen meter, and measurements of pH were made using a 

Thermo Orion Model 525Aplus meter. 

Hardness, alkalinity and specific conductance in the dilution water at the beginning of the test 

were measured. Hardness and alkalinity measurements were made by titration based on procedures in 

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (4). Specific conductance was 

measured using an Acorn Series Model CON6 Conductivity-Temperature meter. 

Observations 

Observations were made periodically to determine the numbers of immobile organisms in 

each treatment group. Immobility was defined as a lack of movement by the organism except for 

minor activity of the appendages. The numbers of individuals exhibiting signs of toxicity or 

abnormal behavior also were evaluated. Observations were made approximately 4, 24 and 48 hours 

after test initiation. 

Statistical Analyses 

Because this is a limit test, the EL50 value cannot be statistically defined. However, based 

upon the biological response obtained in the exposure group, the EL50 value was estimated to be 

greater than the limit loading rate. The no-immobility level and the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) 

were determined by visual interpretation of the immobility and observation data. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Measurement of TOC in Test Solutions 

The nominal WAF loading rate selected for use in this study was 100 mg/L. Test solutions in 

the test chambers at this nominal WAF loading rate appeared clear and colorless during the test with 

white particles suspended throughout the solutions. Results of analyses for TOC in the test solutions 

are presented in Table 1. Measurements of TOC in the newly prepared test solutions on Day 0 and in 

the 48-hour old solutions on Day 2 were all below the limit of quantitation (LOQ = 1 mg C/L). 
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Observations and Measurements 

Measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH of the water in each test chamber are 

presented in Table 2. Water temperatures were within the 20 ± 1°C range established for the test. 

Dissolved oxygen concentrations remained ≥7.9 mg/L (≥88% of saturation) throughout the test. 

Measurements of pH ranged from 8.2 to 8.5. The measurements of hardness, alkalinity and specific 

conductance in the dilution water at test initiation were typical of Wildlife International, Ltd. well 

water (Table 3). Light intensity at test initiation was 305 lux at the surface of the water of one 

representative test chamber. 

Daily observations for immobility and signs of toxicity during the test are presented in 

Table 4. Daphnia in the negative control group appeared normal throughout the test. All daphnids in 

the 100 mg/L treatment group also appeared normal throughout the test, with no immobility or overt 

signs of toxicity observed. The no-immobility level and the NOEL were both 100 mg/L. EL50 

values at 24 and 48 hours were determined from the immobility data and were >100 mg/L (Table 5). 

CONCLUSIONS 

The cladoceran, Daphnia magna, was exposed for 48 hours under static conditions to a single 

limit water accommodated fraction (WAF) of Alcohols, C18-22, distn. residues (CAS No. 1160164-

88-4) at 100 mg/L. The 48-hour EL50 value was >100 mg/L. Daphnids exposed to Alcohols, C18-

22, distn. residues (CAS No. 1160164-88-4) at the nominal WAF loading rate of 100 mg/L appeared 

normal with no immobility or overt signs of toxicity. The 48-hour no-immobility level and the 

NOEL were both 100 mg/L. 
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REFERENCES 

1 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2004. OECD Guidelines for 

Testing of Chemicals, Guideline 202: Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilization Test. Adopted 13 April 

2004. 

2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Series 850 – Ecological Effects Test 

Guidelines (draft), OPPTS Number 850.1010: Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, 

Freshwater Daphnids. 

3 American Society for Testing and Materials. 2007. ASTM Standard E729-96: Standard 

Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, 

and Amphibians. 

4 APHA, AWWA, WPCF. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and 

Wastewater. 20th Edition, American Public Health Association. American Water Works 

Association. Water Pollution Control Federation, New York. 
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Table 1

Measurements of Total Organic Carbon in Test Solution Samples 

Nominal WAF 

Loading Rate 

(mg/L) 

Sample 

Number 

(527A-102-) 

Sampling 

Interval 

(Day) 

Total Organic Carbon 

(mg C/L) 1

Negative Control TOC-1 0 <LOQ 

 TOC-2 0 <LOQ 

 TOC-5 2 <LOQ 

 TOC-6 2 <LOQ 

 

100 TOC-3 0 <LOQ 

 TOC-4 0 <LOQ 

 TOC-7 2 <LOQ 

 TOC-8 2 <LOQ 

1

 LOQ = 1 mg C/L 
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Table 2 

Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen and pH of Water in the Test Chambers 

Nominal 0 Hour 24 Hours 48 Hours 

WAF 

Loading Rate 

(mg/L) Replicate 

Temp.1

(°C) 

DO2

(mg/L) pH 

Temp.1

(°C) 

DO2

(mg/L) pH 

Temp.1

(°C) 

DO2

(mg/L) pH 

 

Negative A 20.0 8.1 8.2 20.1 8.8 8.4 20.0 8.4 8.5 

Control B 20.0 8.0 8.2 20.1 8.7 8.4 20.0 8.4 8.5 

 C 19.8 8.1 8.2 20.1 8.8 8.4 20.0 8.5 8.5 

 

100 A 19.9 7.9 8.2 20.1 8.6 8.4 19.9 8.5 8.5 

 B 20.0 7.9 8.2 20.1 8.7 8.4 20.0 8.5 8.5 

 C 19.9 8.0 8.2 20.1 8.7 8.4 19.9 8.5 8.5 

 

1 Manual temperature measurements. Temperature measured continuously during the test was approximately 

20°C, measured to the nearest 1°C. 2

 A dissolved oxygen concentration of 5.4 mg/L represents 60% saturation at 20.0°C in freshwater. 
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Table 3 

Specific Conductance, Hardness and Alkalinity 

Measured in Dilution Water at Test Initiation 

Parameter Day 0 

 

Specific Conductance 354 

 (μS/cm) 

 

Hardness 136 

 (mg/L as CaCO3) 

 

Alkalinity 184 

 (mg/L as CaCO3) 

 
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Table 4 

Cumulative Immobility and Observations 

4 Hours 24 Hours 48 Ho

Nominal WAF 

Loading Rate 

(mg/L) Rep. 

Daphnia/ 

Replicate 

Number 

Immobile 1 Observations 2

Number 

Immobile 1 Observations 2

Number 

Immobile 1 O

Negative Control A 10 0 10 AN 0 10 AN 0 

 B 10 0 10 AN 0 10 AN 0  C 10 0 10 AN 0 10 AN 0 

100 A 10 0 10 AN 0 10 AN 0 

 B 10 0 10 AN 0 10 AN 0  C 10 0 10 AN 0 10 AN 0 

1 Cumulative number of immobile daphnids. 2 Observed effects: AN = appear normal. 
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Table 5 

EL50 Values 

Time 

EL501

(mg/L) 

95% Confidence Interval 

(mg/L) 

Statistical 

Method 

24 Hours >100 --2 NA 3

48 Hours >100 --2 NA 3

1

 EL50 = the theoretical WAF loading rate that produces 50% immobility.

2

 95% confidence limits could not be calculated with the immobility data obtained. 

3

 NA = not applicable; <50% immobility precluded statistical calculation of an EL50 value. 
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Appendix 1 

Specific Conductance, Hardness, Alkalinity and pH of Well Water Measured 

During the 4-Week Period Immediately Preceding the Test 

Parameter Mean Range 

 

Specific Conductance 361 356 – 366 

 (μS/cm) (N = 4) 

Hardness 140 136 – 144 

 (mg/L as CaCO3) (N = 4) 

Alkalinity 182 180 – 182 

 (mg/L as CaCO3) (N = 4) 

pH 8.2 8.1 – 8.2 

 (N = 4) 

TOC <1 -- 

 (mg C/L) (N = 1)1 

1

 TOC measured once monthly. 
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Appendix 2 

Analyses of Pesticides, Organics and Metals in Wildlife International, Ltd. Well Water 

Pesticides and Organics 1

Component 

Measured Concentration 

(μg/L) Component 

Measured Concentration 

(μg/L) 

 

Aldrin < 0.010 Gamma BHC – Lindane < 0.010 

Alpha BHC < 0.010 Gamma Chlordane < 0.010 

Alpha Chlordane < 0.010 Guthion (Azinphos-methyl) < 3.0 

Beta BHC < 0.010 HCB < 0.010 

Bolstar < 2.0 Heptachlor < 0.010 

Chlordane < 0.51 Heptachlor Epoxide < 0.010 

Coumaphos < 3.0 Kepone < 0.20 

Delta BHC < 0.010 Malathion < 2.0 

Demeton-O < 2.0 Merphos < 6.1 

Demeton-S < 2.0 Methoxychlor < 0.10 

Diazinon < 3.0 Methyl Parathion < 2.0 

Dichlorvos < 3.0 Mevinphos < 3.0 

Dieldrin < 0.020 Mirex < 0.033 

Disulfoton < 2.0 Naled < 2.0 

Dursban (Chlorpyrifos) < 2.0 o,p-DDD < 0.020 

Endosulfan I < 0.010 o,p-DDE < 0.020 

Endosulfan II < 0.020 o,p-DDT < 0.020 

Endosulfan Sulfate < 0.020 p,p-DDD < 0.020 

Endrin < 0.020 p,p-DDE < 0.020 

Endrin Aldehyde < 0.10 p,p-DDT < 0.020 

Endrin Ketone < 0.020 Phorate < 2.0 

EPN < 2.0 Ronnel < 2.0 

Ethion < 2.0 Stirophos < 2.0 

Ethoprop < 3.0 Telodrin < 0.010 

Ethyl Parathion < 2.0 Tokuthion < 2.0 

Famphur < 2.0 Toxaphene < 3.0 

Fensulfothion < 9.1 Trichloronate < 2.0 

Fenthion < 2.0 Trithion < 2.0 

 

1

Analyses performed by Lancaster Laboratories on samples collected on December 22, 2008. 
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Appendix 2 (Continued) 

Analyses of Pesticides, Organics and Metals in Wildlife International, Ltd. Well Water 

Metals 1

Component 

Measured Concentration 

(mg/L) Component 

Measured Concentration 

(mg/L) 

 

Aluminum < 0.200 Magnesium 12.3 

Antimony < 0.0200 Manganese < 0.0050 

Arsenic < 0.0200 Mercury < 0.00020 

Barium < 0.0050 Nickel < 0.0100 

Beryllium < 0.0050 Nitrate Nitrogen < 0.50 

Bromide < 2.5 Nitrite Nitrogen < 0.50 

Cadmium < 0.0050 Potassium 7.23 

Calcium 32.5 Selenium < 0.0200 

Chloride 3.1 Silver < 0.0050 

Chromium < 0.0150 Sodium 19.4 

Cobalt < 0.0050 Sulfate 5.8 

Copper < 0.0100 Thallium < 0.0300 

Fluoride 0.52 Vanadium < 0.0050 

Iron < 0.200 Zinc < 0.0200 

Lead < 0.0150 

1

Analyses performed by Lancaster Laboratories on samples collected on December 22, 2008. 
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Appendix 3 

Personnel Involved in the Study 

The following key Wildlife International, Ltd. personnel were involved in the conduct or management 

of this study: 

1. Henry O. Krueger, Ph.D., Director of Aquatic, Plant and Insect Toxicology 

2. Timothy Ross, Laboratory Supervisor 

3. Susan J. Palmer, Senior Biologist 

4. Mary Beth Claude, Biologist 

5. Amanda L. Weber, Biologist