IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 16-0093

Filed July 27, 2016

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

ANNA MARIE WARE,

Defendant-Appellant.

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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, James D. Coil 

(guilty plea) and Joseph Moothart (sentencing), District Associate Judges.

The defendant appeals her convictions for operating while intoxicated, 

possession of methamphetamine, carrying weapons, and operating a motor 

vehicle without the owner’s consent. AFFIRMED.

Jack Bjornstad of Jack Bjornstad Law Office, Okoboji, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Louis S. Sloven, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee.

Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and Bower, JJ.
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BOWER, Judge.

The defendant, Anna Ware, appeals her convictions for operating while 

intoxicated (OWI), third offense; possession of a controlled substance 

(methamphetamine), second offense; carrying weapons; and operating a motor 

vehicle without the owner’s consent. In her claim she received ineffective 

assistance due to defense counsel’s failure to file a motion in arrest of judgment 

challenging her guilty pleas on the ground the district court did not substantially 

comply with Iowa Rule of Criminal Procedure 2.8(2)(b), Ware has not shown by a 

preponderance of the evidence that, but for counsel’s error, she would not have 

entered guilty pleas and would have insisted on going to trial. We affirm Ware’s 

convictions.

I. Background Facts & Proceedings

As part of a plea agreement, Ware pled guilty to OWI, third offense, in 

violation of Iowa Code section 321J.2 (2015), a class “D” felony; possession of a 

controlled substance (methamphetamine), second offense, in violation of section 

124.401(5), an aggravated misdemeanor; carrying weapons, in violation of 

section 724.4(1), an aggravated misdemeanor; and operating a vehicle without 

the owner’s consent, in violation of section 714.7, an aggravated misdemeanor. 

The State agreed to dismiss three counts of driving while license revoked and 

recommend Ware receive concurrent sentences. The district court accepted her 

guilty pleas.

Ware was sentenced on January 8, 2016. On the charge of OWI, third 

offense, she was sentenced to a term of imprisonment not to exceed five years, 
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to be served in a residential program. Ware was ordered to pay a fine of $3125, 

a surcharge of thirty-five percent, plus court costs. On the charges of possession 

of a controlled substance (methamphetamine), second offense; carrying 

weapons; and operating a vehicle without the owner’s consent, Ware was 

sentenced to a term of imprisonment not to exceed two years on each charge, to 

be served concurrently with her other sentences. For each of these three 

offenses she was ordered to pay a fine of $625 and a surcharge of thirty-five 

percent, which were suspended. Ware now appeals.

II. Ineffective Assistance

Ware claims her guilty pleas were not knowing and voluntary because she 

was not fully informed of the consequences of her pleas. She states she was not 

informed of (1) the thirty-five percent surcharge, (2) court costs, (3) immigration 

consequences, and (4) the two-day minimum jail sentence for possession of a 

controlled substance (methamphetamine), second offense. Ware claims she 

received ineffective assistance because defense counsel did not file a motion in 

arrest of judgment to challenge her guilty pleas.1

We review claims of ineffective assistance of counsel de novo. State v. 

Straw, 709 N.W.2d 128, 133 (Iowa 2006). A defendant must show (1) defense 

counsel failed to perform an essential duty, and (2) this failure resulted in 

prejudice. Id. A defendant must prove both prongs of a claim of ineffective 

assistance of counsel by a preponderance of evidence. Id.

 

1 Ware was fully informed during the plea proceedings of her right to file a motion in 

arrest of judgment to challenge her pleas. She did not file such a motion, and therefore, 

raises her claims on appeal as a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. See State v. 

Rodriguez, 804 N.W.2d 844, 848 (Iowa 2011).
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We may consider the prejudice prong of a claim of ineffective assistance 

of counsel first. State v. Lopez, 872 N.W.2d 159, 169 (Iowa 2015). Ware asks 

us to adopt a per se prejudice test under the Iowa Constitution in cases involving 

guilty pleas. The Iowa Supreme Court has considered the prejudice prong in 

cases where a defendant has entered a guilty plea and determined, “Our 

standard for the prejudice element in ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims 

remains consistent—in order to satisfy the prejudice requirement, the defendant 

must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, he 

or she would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.” 

Straw, 709 N.W.2d at 138; see also State v. Feregrino, 756 N.W.2d 700, 707 

(Iowa 2008) (“In State v. Straw, . . . this court refused to accept a per se rule of 

prejudice where there is a deficiency in the court colloquy and acceptance of a 

guilty plea.”). “We are not at liberty to overrule controlling supreme court 

precedent.” State v. Beck, 854 N.W.2d 56, 64 (Iowa Ct. App. 2014).

Other than advocating for a per se rule of prejudice in cases involving 

guilty pleas, Ware does not state how she was prejudiced by counsel’s 

performance. We determine even if defense counsel breached an essential duty 

by failing to file a motion in arrest of judgment to challenge Ware’s guilty plea on 

the ground there had not been substantial compliance with Iowa Rule of Criminal 

Procedure 2.8(2)(b), she has not shown by a preponderance of the evidence 

that, but for counsel’s error, she would not have entered guilty pleas and would 

have insisted on going to trial. We conclude Ware has failed to show she 

received ineffective assistance of counsel.
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We affirm Ware’s convictions.

AFFIRMED.