Company Number: 1833679 The Companies Acts Public Company Limited by Shares ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF VODAFONE GROUP PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY




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TABLE OF CONTENTS Article No. Page No. Preliminary Articles Table A and other standard regulations do not apply 1 1 The meaning of words and phrases used in the Articles 2 1 Share Capital Form of the Companys share capital 3 7 Fixed Rate Shares Right of Fixed Rate Shares to profits 4 8 Right of Fixed Rate Shares to capital 5 8 Voting rights of Fixed Rate Shares 6 9 Varying the rights of Fixed Rate Shares 7 9 Changing Capital The power to in
crease capital 8 10 Application of the Articles to new shares 9 10 The power to change capital 10 10 Fractions of shares 11 10 The power to reduce capital 12 11 Buying back shares 13 11 Shares The special rights of new shares 14 11 The directors power to deal with shares 15 12 The directors authority to allot relevant securities and equity 16 12 securities Power to pay commission and brokerage 17 13 Renunciations of allotted but unissued shares 18 14 No trusts or similar
interests recognised 19 14 Shares in Uncertificated Form Holding shares in uncertificated form and effect of the CREST 20 14 Regulations Share Certificates Certificates 21 15 Replacement share certificates 22 16 Calls on Shares The directors can make calls on shares 23 16 The liability for calls 24 17 Interest and expenses on unpaid calls 25 17  i -




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Article No. Page No. Sums which are payable when a share is allotted are treated as a 26 17 call Calls can be for different amounts 27 17 Paying calls early 28 17 Forfeiting Shares Notice following non-payment of a call 29 18 Contents of the notice 30 18 Forfeiture if the notice is not complied with 31 18 Forfeiture will include unpaid dividends 32 18 Dealing with forfeited shares 33 18 Cancelling forfeiture 34 19 The position of shareholders aft
er forfeiture 35 19 Liens on Partly Paid Shares The Companys lien on shares 36 19 Enforcing the lien by selling the shares 37 19 Using the proceeds of the sale 38 20 Evidence of forfeiture or enforcement of lien 39 20 Changing Shares Rights Changing the special rights of shares 40 20 More about the special rights of shares 41 21 Transferring Shares Share transfers 42 21 More about transfers of shares in certificated form 43 21 The Company can refuse to register certain transfers 44 22 Closing the Regi
ster 45 22 Overseas branch registers 46 23 Persons Automatically Entitled to Shares by Law When a shareholder dies 47 23 Registering personal representatives 48 23 A person who wants to be registered must give notice 49 23 Having another person registered 50 23 The rights of people automatically entitled to shares by law 51 24 Shareholders Who Cannot Be Traced Shareholder who cannot be traced 52 24 General Meetings The Annual General Meeting 53 25 Extraordinary General Meetings 54 25 Calling an Extraordinar
y General Meeting 55 25 Notice of General Meetings 56 25  ii -




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Article No. Page No. Proceedings at General Meetings The chairman of a General Meeting 57 26 Security, and other arrangements at General Meetings 58 27 Overflow meeting rooms 59 27 The quorum needed for General Meetings 60 28 The procedure if there is no quorum 61 28 Adjourning meetings 62 28 Amending Resolutions 63 28 Voting Procedures How votes are taken 64 29 How a poll is taken 65 29 Where there cannot be a poll 66 30 A General Meeting contin
ues after a poll is demanded 67 30 Timing of a poll 68 30 The chairmans casting vote 69 30 The effect of a declaration by the chairman 70 30 Voting Rights The votes of shareholders 71 31 Shareholders who owe money to the Company 72 31 Suspension of rights on non-disclosure of interest 73 31 Votes of shareholders who are of unsound mind 74 33 The votes of joint holders 75 34 Proxies Appointment of proxies 76 34 Completing proxy forms 77 34 Delivering proxy forms 78 35 Cancellation of proxys autho
rity 79 36 Authority of proxies 80 36 Representatives of companies 81 36 Challenging votes 82 37 Directors The number of directors 83 37 Qualification to be a director 84 37 Directors fees and expenses 85 37 Special pay 86 37 Directors expenses 87 38 Directors pensions and other benefits 88 38 Appointing directors to various posts 89 38 Changing Directors Age limits 90 39 Retiring directors 91 39  iii -




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Article No. Page No. Eligibility for re-election 92 39 Re-electing a director who is retiring 93 39 Election of two or more directors 94 39 People who can be directors 95 40 The power to fill vacancies and appoint extra directors 96 40 Removing and appointing directors by an ordinary resolution 97 40 When directors are disqualified 98 40 Directors Meetings Directors meetings 99 41 Who can call directors meetings 100 41 How direc
tors meetings are called 101 41 Quorum 102 42 The Chairman of directors meetings 103 42 Voting at directors meetings 104 42 Directors can act even if there are vacancies 105 42 Directors meetings by video conference and telephone 106 43 Resolutions in writing 107 43 The validity of directors actions 108 43 Directors Interests Directors interests in transactions with the Company 109 44 When directors can vote on things in which they are interested 110 44 More about d
irectors interests 111 46 Directors Committees Delegating powers to committees 112 46 Committee procedure 113 46 Directors Powers The directors management powers 114 47 The power to establish local boards 115 47 The power to appoint attorneys 116 48 Borrowing powers 117 48 Borrowing restrictions 118 48 Alternate Directors Alternate directors 119 50 The Secretary The Secretary and Deputy and Assistant Secretaries 120 51 The Seal The Seal 121 51  iv -




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Article No. Page No. Authenticating Documents Establishing that documents are genuine 122 52 Reserves Setting up reserves 123 53 Dividends No dividends are payable except out of profits 124 53 Final dividends 125 53 Fixed and interim dividends 126 53 Dividends not in cash 127 53 Calculation and currency of dividends 128 54 Deducting amounts owing from dividends and other money 129 54 Payments to shareholders 130 54 Record dates for payments and o
ther matters 131 55 Dividends which are not claimed 132 55 Waiver of dividends 133 56 Capitalising Reserves Capitalising reserves 134 56 Scrip Dividends Ordinary Shareholders can be offered the right to receive extra 135 57 shares instead of cash dividends Accounts Accounting and other records 136 59 Location and inspection of records 137 59 Sending copies of accounts and other documents 138 59 Auditors Actions of auditors 139 60 Auditors at General Meetings 140 60 Communications with Shareholders Serving a
nd delivering notices and other documents 141 60 Notices to joint holders 142 61 Notices for shareholders with foreign addresses 143 61 When notices are served 144 61 Serving notices and documents on shareholders who have died or 145 62 are bankrupt If documents are accidentally not sent or the postal services are 146 62 suspended Signature or authentication of documents 147 62   v -




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Article No. Page No. Minutes and Records Minutes 148 63 Availability of records for inspection and notifying the Registrar of 149 63 Companies Winding Up Directors power to petition 150 64 Distribution of assets in kind 151 64 Destroying Documents Destroying documents 152 64 Indemnity and Insurance Indemnity 153 65 Insurance 154 65 Share Warrants Issue of Share Warrants 155 66 Directors can accept a certificate instead of a Share Warrant 15
6 66 Requesting a Share Warrant 157 67 Replacing Share Warrants 158 67 Rights of the Bearer 159 67 Bearers of Share Warrants participating in securities offers 160 68 Communications with Bearers of Share Warrants 161 68 Issuing shares to which the Share Warrant relates 162 69 ADR Depositary ADR Depositary can appoint proxies 163 69 The ADR Depositary must keep a Proxy Register 164 70 Appointed Proxies can only attend General Meetings if properly 165 70 appointed Rights of Appointed Proxies 166 70 Sending in
formation to an Appointed Proxy 167 71 The Company can pay dividends to an Appointed Proxy 168 71 The Proxy Register may be fixed at a certain date 169 71 The nature of an Appointed Proxys interest 170 71 Validity of the appointment of Appointed Proxies 171 72 Rights and Restrictions Attached to the B Shares Definitions 172 72 Income 173 73 Capital 174 74 Redemption 175 74 Initial B Share Dividend 176 75 Voting at General Meetings 177 75 Purchase of Shares 178 76  vi -




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Article No. Page No. Class Rights 179 76 Form 180 76 Deletion of Articles 172 to 181 when no B Shares in existence 181 76 Rights and Restrictions Attached to the Deferred Shares Income 182 76 Capital 183 77 Redemption 184 77 Attendance and Voting at General Meetings 185 77 Form 186 77 Class Rights 187 77 Transfer and Purchase 188 78 Deletion of Articles 182 to 189 when no Deferred Shares in 189 78 existence Approved Depositari
es Appointments 190 78 Rights of Nominated Proxies 191 79 Glossary 80  vii -




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Company Number: 1833679 The Companies Acts Company Limited by Shares ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION Adopted on 24 July 2007 pursuant to a Special Resolution passed on 24 July 2007. of VODAFONE GROUP PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY PRELIMINARY ARTICLES 1 Table A and other standard regulations do not apply The regulations in Table A of the Companies Act 1948, and any similar regulations in the Companies Acts do not apply to the Company. 2 The meaning of words and phras
es used in the Articles 2.1 The following table gives the meaning of certain words and phrases as they are used in these Articles. However, the meaning given in the table does not apply if that is inconsistent with the context in which a word or phrase appears. After the Articles there is a Glossary which explains various words and phrases. The Glossary is not part of the Memorandum or Articles, and it does not affect their meaning. Throughout the Articles, those words and expressions explained in this Arti
cle 2.1 are printed in bold and those explained in the Glossary are printed in italics. Words and Phrases Meaning Act This means any act of Parliament, enactment or statutory legislation. Adjusted Total of Capital This is defined in Article 118.2. and Reserves  1 -




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Words and Phrases Meaning ADR Depositary A custodian or other person or persons approved by the directors who (a) holds shares in the Company under arrangements where either the custodian or some other person issues American Depositary Receipts which evidence American Depositary Shares representing shares in the Company; and/or (b) is appointed by or on behalf of the Company to hold Share Warrants. American Depositary These represent shares in the Com
pany and are Shares evidenced by American Depositary Receipts. American Depositary These represent American Depositary Shares either Receipts physically or in the form of Direct Registration Receipts. Appointed Proxy This is defined in Article 162.1. Appointed Number The number of Depositary Shares to which each appointment as a Nominated Proxy relates. Approved Depositary This means someone appointed: to hold the Companys shares or any rights or interests in any of the Companys shares; and
 to issue securities, documents of title or other documents which evidence that the holder of them owns or is entitled to receive the shares, rights or interests held by the Approved Depositary. A nominee acting for someone appointed to do these things will also be treated as an Approved Depositary. But the arrangements for the Approved Depositary to do the things described above must be approved by the directors. The trustees of any scheme or arrangements for or principally for the benefit of employees of
the Group will also be treated as an Approved Depositary unless the directors decide otherwise. References in the Articles to an Approved Depositary or to shares held by it refer only to an Approved Depositary and to its shares held in its capacity as an Approved Depositary. approved transfer This is defined in Article 73.11, for the purposes of Article 73. Articles The Companys Articles of Association, including any changes made to them. Bearer This is defined in Article 155.1. class m
eeting This is defined in Article 40.1. Common Seal Any seal which the Company may have under the Companies Acts and which the Company may use to execute documents.  2 -




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Words and Phrases Meaning Companies Act 1985 The Companies Act 1985, as amended by the Companies Act 1989 and the Companies Act 2006. Companies Act 2006 The company law provisions of the Companies Act 2006 (as defined therein), for the time being in force. Companies Acts The Companies Acts as defined in Section 2 of the Companies Act 2006 (where provisions are for the time being in force), the CREST Regulations and other legislation relating to companies a
nd affecting the Company (including any orders, regulations or other subordinated legislation made under them) in force from time to time. Companies Communications The meaning of companies communications provisions is Provisions given in the Companies Acts. company Includes any company, corporate body and any corporation established anywhere in the world. company representative This is defined in Article 81.1. the Company Vodafone Group Public Limited Company. CREST Regulations The Uncertificated Secur
ities Regulations 1995. default shares This is defined in Article 73.1, for the purposes of Article 73. Depositary Shares The total number of Ordinary Shares which are registered in the name of the Approved Depositary or its nominee at that time. Direct Registration Receipt An American Depositary Receipt in uncertificated form, the ownership of which is recorded in the Direct Registration System. Direct Registration System The system maintained by the ADR Depositary in which the ADR Depositary rec
ords the ownership of Direct Registration Receipts. direction notice This is defined in Article 73.3 for the purposes of Article 73. elected shares This is defined in Article 135.10. equity securities The meaning of equity securities is given in Section 94 Companies Act 1985. equity shares Shares in the capital of the Company which are regarded as equity share capital pursuant to Section 744 Companies Act 1985. Fixed Rate Shares The 7 per cent cumulative fixed rate shares of £1
 each in the Company.  3 -




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Words and Phrases Meaning Group This is defined in Article 118.2, for the purposes of Article 118. London Stock Exchange London Stock Exchange plc. Memorandum The Memorandum of Association of the Company. Nominated Proxy Each person the Approved Depositary has appointed as a proxy under Article 190. Nominated Proxy Register This is defined in Article 190.2, for the purposes of Articles 190 and 191. non equity securities Securities which are
not equity securities. operator CRESTCo Limited or any other operator of a relevant system under the CREST Regulations. Ordinary Shareholder A holder of the Companys Ordinary Shares. Ordinary Shares Ordinary shares of US$0.10 each in the Company. paid-up share or other Includes a share or other security which is treated security (credited) as paid up. pay Includes any kind of reward or payment for services. prescribed period This is defined in Article 16.5, for the purposes of Article
 16. Procedural Resolution A resolution or question put to the vote of a General Meeting of a procedural nature (such as a resolution on a simple clerical amendment to correct an obvious error in a Substantive Resolution, a resolution to adjourn a General Meeting or a resolution on the choice of chairman of a General Meeting). proxy form This includes any document, electronic form or website based form which appoints a proxy. recognised clearing house A clearing house granted recognition under the Fina
ncial Services Act 1986. recognised investment An investment exchange granted recognition under the exchange Financial Services Act 1986. Record Date This is defined in Article 169.1, for the purposes of Article 169. Record Time This is defined in Article 191.4, for the purposes of Article 191. Register The Companys register of members.  4 -




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Words and Phrases Meaning Registered Office The Companys registered office or in the case of sending or supplying any document or information by electronic means or by means of a website in accordance with the Companies Acts and these Articles, the address stated for the purpose of receiving such document or information by electronic means or by means of a website. Relevant Company This is defined in Article 154.1, for the purposes of Article 15
4. relevant securities The meaning of relevant securities is given in Section 80 of the Companies Act 1985. relevant system A relevant system under the CREST Regulations whose operator allows shares or other securities of the Company to be transferred using that system. relevant value This is defined in Article 135.5, for the purposes of Article 135. rights of any share The rights attached to a share when it is issued, or afterwards. rights issue This is defined in Article 16.5, for the
purposes of Article 16. Secretary Any person appointed by the directors to do work as the company secretary including any assistant or deputy secretary. securities offer This is defined in Article 160.3, for the purposes of Article 160. Securities Seal An official seal kept by the Company for sealing securities issued by the Company, or for sealing documents creating or evidencing securities so issued, as permitted by the Companies Acts. Share Warrant A share warrant to bearer issued by the C
ompany. shareholder A holder of the Companys shares. shareholders meeting A meeting of shareholders including both a General Meeting of the Company and a class meeting. shares Shares which are in issue at the relevant time. sterling The currency of the United Kingdom. subsidiary A subsidiary as defined in Section 736 of the Companies Act 1985. subsidiary undertaking A subsidiary undertaking as defined in Section 258 of the Companies Act 1985. Substantive Resolution Any resolution or qu
estion put to the vote of a General Meeting which is not a Procedural Resolution.  5 -




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Words and Phrases Meaning takeover offer A takeover offer as defined in Section 974 of the Companies Act 2006. terms of a share The terms on which a share was issued. Transfer Office The place where the Register is kept or in the case of sending or supplying any document or information by electronic means or by means of a website in accordance with the Companies Acts and these Articles, the address stated for the purpose of receiving such document or infor
mation by electronic means or by means of a website. UK Listing Authority The Financial Services Authority in its capacity as the competent authority under the Financial Services Act 1986. United Kingdom Great Britain and Northern Ireland. US dollars The currency of the United States of America. working day A day on which banks in the United Kingdom are generally open for business, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. 2.2 References to a debenture include debenture stock and references to a deb
enture holder include a debenture stockholder. 2.3 Where the Articles refer to a person who is automatically entitled to a share by law, this includes a person who is entitled to the share as a result of the death, or bankruptcy, of a shareholder. 2.4 Words which refer to a single number also refer to plural numbers, and the other way around. 2.5 Words which refer to males also refer to females and to other persons. 2.6 References to a person or people include companies, unincorporated associations and so o
n. 2.7 References to officers include directors, managers and the Secretary, but not the Companys auditors. 2.8 References to the directors are to the board of directors unless the way in which directors is used does not allow this meaning. 2.9 Any headings in these Articles are only included for convenience. They do not affect the meaning of the Articles. 2.10 When an Act or the Articles are referred to, the version which is current at any particular time will apply. 2.11 Where the Articles give any
power or authority to anybody, this power or authority can be used on any number of occasions, unless the way in which the word is used does not allow this meaning. 2.12 Any word or phrase which is defined in the Companies Acts (excluding any modification to them by a further Act which is not in force when these Articles are adopted) means the  6 -




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same in the Articles, unless the Articles define it differently, or the way in which the word or phrase is used is inconsistent with the definition given in the Companies Acts. 2.13 Where the Articles say that anything can be done by passing an ordinary resolution, this can also be done by passing a special resolution or an extraordinary resolution. 2.14 Where the Articles refer to changing the amount of shares this means doing any or all
 of the following:  subdividing the shares into other shares with a smaller nominal value;  consolidating the shares into other shares with a larger nominal value; and  dividing shares which have been consolidated into shares with a larger nominal value than the original shares had. 2.15 Where the Articles refer to any document being made effective this means being signed, sealed, authenticated or executed in some other legally valid way. 2.16 Where the Articles refer to months or years, the
se are calendar months or years. 2.17 Articles which apply to fully-paid shares can also apply to stock. References in those Articles to share or shareholder include stock or stockholder. 2.18 Where the Articles refer to shares in certificated form, this means that ownership of the shares can be transferred using a transfer document (rather than in accordance with the CREST Regulations) and that a share certificate is usually issued to the owner. 2.19 Where the Articles refer to shares in uncertificated for
m, this means that ownership of the shares can be transferred in accordance with the CREST Regulations without using a transfer document and that no share certificate is issued to the owner. 2.20 Where the Articles refer to a period of clear days, the period does not include the date the notice is delivered, or treated as being delivered, nor the date of the General Meeting or other relevant event. 2.21 The expressions hard copy form, electronic form and electronic means
shall have the same respective meanings as in the Company Communications Provisions. 2.22 The term address when used in relation to communications via electronic means or by means of a website includes any number or address used for the purposes of such communication. 2.23 Where the Articles refer to anything that should be in writing, this means it should be written or produced by any substitute for writing (including anything in electronic form) or partly one and partly another. SHARE CAPITAL 3 Form of th
e Companys share capital 1The Companys share capital at the date when these Articles are adopted is £9,990,050,000 and U.S.$7,800,000,000. This is made up of 50,000 7 per cent. cumulative 1 On 21 July 1999 the share capital of the Company was increased to £50,000 and US$4,080,000,000 by the creation of an additional 32,640,000,000 ordinary shares of US$0.10 each.  7 -




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fixed rate shares of £1 each 38,563,935,574 B Shares of 15 pence each, 28,036,064,426 Deferred Shares of 15 pence each and 68,250,000,000 ordinary shares of U.S.$0.11 3/7 each. FIXED RATE SHARES 4 Right of Fixed Rate Shares to profits 4.1 If the Company has profits which are available for distribution and the directors resolve that these should be distributed, the holders of the Fixed Rate Shares are entitled, before the holders of any other class of share
s, to be paid in respect of each financial year or other accounting period of the Company a fixed cumulative preferential dividend (preferential dividend) at the rate of 7 per cent. per annum on the nominal value of the Fixed Rate Shares which is paid up or treated as paid up. 4.2 Subject to Article 4.3 below, the preferential dividend will be paid yearly, on 31 March in respect of each financial year ending on or before that date. If this date is not a working day, the payment will be made
 on the next working day. 4.3 When the Company has to calculate a dividend on the Fixed Rate Shares for a period other than a calendar year ending on 31 March (being another accounting period, the first dividend period arising for the Fixed Rate Shares or otherwise), the daily dividend rate will be worked out by dividing the yearly dividend rate by 365 days. This daily rate will then be multiplied by the actual number of days which have passed in the relevant period, but not including the date of payme
nt, to give the amount payable for that period. 4.4 Except as provided in this Article, the Fixed Rate Shares do not have any other right to share in the Companys profits. 5 Right of Fixed Rate Shares to capital 5.1 If the Company is wound up (but in no other circumstances involving a repayment of capital or distribution of assets to shareholders whether by reduction of capital, redeeming or buying back shares or otherwise), the holders of the Fixed Rate Shares will be entitled, before the holders of
any other class of shares to:  repayment of the amount paid up or treated as paid up on the nominal value of each Fixed Rate Share;  the amount of any dividend which is due for payment on, or after, the date the winding up commenced which is payable for a period ending on or before that date. This applies even if the dividend has not been declared or earned; The share capital of the Company was increased to £50,000 and US$7,800,000,000 by the creation of an additional 37,200,0
00,000 ordinary shares of US$0.10 each with effect from 9 February 2000. Following the admission to the Official List of the consolidated Ordinary Shares, the share capital of the Company was altered to£9,990,050,000 and US$7,800,000,000 divided into 50,000 Fixed Rate Shares of £1 each, 66,600,000,000 B Shares of 15 pence each and 68,250,000,000 Ordinary Shares of 11 3/7 cents each on 31 July 2006. On 7 August 2006, the share capital of the Company was altered following the conversi
on of 28,036,064,426 B Shares of 15 pence each into 28,036,064,426 Deferred Shares of 15 pence each in accordance with the Companys Articles of Association.  8 -




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 any arrears of dividend on any Fixed Rate Shares held by them. This applies even if the dividend has not been declared or earned; and  a proportion of any dividend in respect of the financial year or other accounting period which began before the winding up commenced but ends after that date. The proportion will be the amount of the dividend that would otherwise have been payable for the period which ends on that date. This applies ev
en if the dividend has not been declared or earned. 5.2 If there is a winding up to which Article 5.1 applies, and there is not enough to pay the amounts due on the Fixed Rate Shares, the holders of the Fixed Rate Shares will share what is available in proportion to the amounts to which they would otherwise be entitled. The holders of the Fixed Rate Shares will be given preference over the holders of other classes of shares which rank behind them in sharing in the Companys assets. 5.3 Except as p
rovided in this Article 5, the Fixed Rate Shares do not have any other right to share in the Companys surplus assets. 6 Voting rights of Fixed Rate Shares 6.1 The holders of the Fixed Rate Shares are only entitled to receive notice of General Meetings, or to attend, speak and vote at General Meetings, as set out below.  If a resolution is to be proposed at the General Meeting to wind up the Company, they are entitled to receive notice of the General Meeting and can attend, but are no
t entitled to speak or vote.  If a resolution is to be proposed at the General Meeting which would vary or abrogate the rights attached to the Fixed Rate Shares, they are entitled to receive notice of the General Meeting and are entitled to attend, speak and vote but only in respect of such resolution or any motion to adjourn the General Meeting before such resolution is voted on. 6.2 If the holders of the Fixed Rate Shares are entitled to vote at a General Meeting, each holder present in perso
n or by proxy (or, being a company, by a company representative) has one vote on a show of hands and on a poll every holder who is present in person or by proxy (or, being a company, by a company representative) shall have one vote in respect of each fully paid Fixed Rate Share. 7 Varying the rights of Fixed Rate Shares The rights of the holders of the Fixed Rate Shares will be regarded as being varied or abrogated if any resolution is passed for the reduction of the amount of capital paid up on the Fixed R
ate Shares but not for the repayment of the Fixed Rate Shares at par. Accordingly, this can only take place if:  holders of at least three quarters in nominal value of the Fixed Rate Shares agree in writing; or  an extraordinary resolution is passed at a separate class meeting by the holders of the Fixed Rate Shares approving the proposal, in accordance with Article 40.  9 -




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CHANGING CAPITAL 8 The power to increase capital The shareholders can increase the Companys share capital by passing an ordinary resolution. The resolution must fix the:  amount of the increase;  nominal value of the new shares; and  currency or currencies in which the nominal value of such shares is to be expressed. 9 Application of the Articles to new shares The provisions of the Articles about allotment, payment o
f calls, transfers, automatic entitlement by law, forfeiture, lien and all other things apply to new shares under Article 8 in the same way as if they were part of the Companys existing share capital. 10 The power to change capital The shareholders can pass ordinary resolutions to do any of the following:  consolidate, or consolidate and then divide, all or any part of the Companys share capital into new shares of a larger nominal value than the existing shares;  c
ancel any shares which have not been taken, or agreed to be taken, by any person at the date of the resolution, and reduce the amount of the Companys share capital by the amount of the cancelled shares;  divide some or all of the shares into shares which are of a smaller nominal value than is fixed in the Memorandum. This is subject to any restrictions under the Companies Acts. The resolution can provide that, as between the shares resulting from such sub-division, different rights and re
strictions which the Company can apply to new shares may apply to all or any of the different divided shares. 11 Fractions of shares 11.1 If any shares are consolidated or divided, the directors have power to deal with any fractions of shares which result or any other difficulty that arises. If the directors decide to sell any shares representing fractions, they must do so for the best price reasonably obtainable and distribute the net proceeds of sale among shareholders in proportion to their fractional en
titlements in accordance with their rights and interests. The directors can sell to any person (including the Company, if the Companies Acts allow this) and can authorise any person to transfer those shares to the buyer or in accordance with the buyers instructions. The buyer does not need to take any steps to see how any money he paid is used. Nor will his ownership be affected if the sale was irregular or invalid in any way.  10 -




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11.2 So far as the Companies Acts allow, when shares are consolidated or divided, the directors can treat a shareholders shares which are held in certificated form and in uncertificated form as separate shareholdings. The directors can also arrange for any shares which result from a consolidation or division and which represent rights to fractions of shares to be entered in the Register as shares in certificated form where this makes it easier to sell the
m. 12 The power to reduce capital The Companys shareholders can pass a special resolution to reduce in any way:  the Companys share capital; or  any capital redemption reserve, share premium account or other undistributable reserve. This is subject to any restrictions under the Companies Acts. 13 Buying back shares The Company can buy back, or agree to buy back in the future, any shares of any class (including redeemable shares) in accordance with the Companies Acts. Ho
wever, if the Company has other shares in issue which are admitted to the official list maintained by the UK Listing Authority and which are convertible at any time into the class of equity shares to be repurchased, the holders of the convertible shares must first pass an extraordinary resolution approving the buy-back at a separate class meeting. A resolution is not required, however, if the terms on which the convertible shares were issued allow the buy-back. SHARES 14 The special rights of new shares 14.
1 If the Company issues new shares, the new shares can have any rights or restrictions attached to them. The rights can take priority over the rights of existing shares, or existing shares can take priority over them, or the new shares and the existing shares can rank equally. These rights and restrictions can apply to sharing in the Companys profits or assets. Other rights and restrictions can also apply, for example to the right to vote. 14.2 The powers conferred by Article 14.1 are subject to
the provisions of Article 14.5. 14.3 The rights and restrictions referred to in Article 14.1 can be decided by an ordinary resolution passed by the shareholders. The directors can also take these decisions if they do not conflict with any resolution passed by the shareholders. 14.4 If the Companies Acts allow this, the rights of any new shares can include rights for the holder and/or the Company to have them redeemed. 14.5 The ability to attach particular rights and restrictions to new shares may
be restricted by special rights previously given to holders of any existing shares.  11 -




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15 The directors power to deal with shares 15.1 The directors can decide how to deal with any shares which have not been issued. The directors can:  allot them on any terms, which can include the right to transfer the allotment to another person before any person has been entered on the Register. This is known as the right to renounce the allotment (see also Article 18);  grant options to give people a right to acquire share
s in the future; or  dispose of the shares in any other way. 15.2 The directors are free to decide with whom they deal, when they deal with the shares, and the terms on which they deal. 15.3 For the purposes of Article 15.1, the directors must comply with:  the provisions of the Companies Acts relating to authority, pre-emption rights and other matters; and  any resolution of a General Meeting which is passed under the Companies Acts. 16 The directors author
ity to allot relevant securities and equity securities 16.1 This Article regulates the authority of the directors to allot relevant securities and their power to allot equity securities for cash. 16.2 The directors are authorised, generally and without conditions, under Section 80 of the Companies Act 1985, to allot relevant securities. They are authorised to allot them for any prescribed period. The maximum amount of relevant securities which the directors can allot in each pre
scribed period is the Section 80 Amount. 16.3 Under the directors general authority in Article 16.2, they have the power to allot equity securities, entirely paid for in cash, free of the restriction in Section 89(1) of the Companies Act 1985. They have the power to allot them for any prescribed period. There is no maximum amount of equity securities which the directors can allot when the allotment is in connection with a rights issue. In all other cases, the maximum amount of equity se
curities which the directors can allot is the Section 89 Amount. 16.4 During any prescribed period, the directors can make offers and enter into agreements which would, or might, require shares or other securities to be allotted after that period has ended. 16.5 For the purposes of this Article:  rights issue means an offer of equity securities which is open for a period decided on by the directors to the people who are registered on a particular date (chosen by the directors) as holders o
f: (i) Ordinary Shares, in proportion to their holdings of Ordinary Shares; and (ii) other classes of equity securities or non equity securities which give them the right to receive the offer in accordance with their rights. However, the directors can do the following things (and the issue will still be treated as a rights issue for the purpose of this Article if they do so):  12 -




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 sell any fractions of equity securities to which people would be entitled and keep the net proceeds for the Companys benefit or make other appropriate arrangements to deal with such fractions;  make the rights issue subject to any limits or restrictions which the directors think are necessary or appropriate to deal with legal or practical problems under the laws of any territory, or under the requirements of any recognised regul
atory body, or stock exchange, in any territory or as a result of shares being represented by American Depositary Shares; or  treat a shareholders holdings in certificated form and uncertificated form as separate shareholdings.  prescribed period means in the first instance the period ending on the date of the Annual General Meeting in 2000 or on 24 August 2000, whichever is the earlier. After this, the prescribed period means a period of no more than five years fixed by
 the shareholders by passing a resolution at a General Meeting. The shareholders can, by passing further resolutions, renew or extend this power (including the first prescribed period), for periods of no more than five years each. Such resolutions can take the form of:  an ordinary resolution fixing a period under Article 16.2; or  a special resolution fixing a period under Article 16.3; or  a special resolution fixing identical periods under Article 16.
2 and under Article 16.3; or  a special resolution fixing different periods under Article 16.2 and under Article 16.3.  The Section 80 Amount for the first prescribed period is that fixed at the Extraordinary General Meeting of the Company held on 24 May 1999, being U.S.$816,000,000. For any subsequent prescribed period the Section 80 Amount is that stated in a relevant resolution passed by the shareholders at a General Meeting.  The Secti
on 89 Amount for the first prescribed period is that fixed at the Extraordinary General Meeting of the Company held on 24 May 1999, being U.S.$30,223,864. For any subsequent prescribed period the Section 89 Amount is that stated in a relevant special resolution passed by the shareholders at a General Meeting.  In working out any maximum amounts of securities referred to in this Article, the nominal value of rights to subscribe for shares, or to convert any securities into shares,
 will be taken as the nominal value of the shares which would be allotted if the subscription or conversion takes place. 17 Power to pay commission and brokerage 17.1 The Company can use all the powers given by the Companies Acts to pay commission or brokerage to any person who:  applies, or agrees to apply, for any new shares; or  13 -




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 gets anybody else to apply, or agree to apply for, any new shares. 17.2 The rate per cent or amount of the commission paid or agreed to be paid must be disclosed as required by the Companies Acts and must not exceed 10 per cent of the price at which the shares in respect of which the commission is paid are issued (or an equivalent amount). 18 Renunciations of allotted but unissued shares Where a share has been allotted to a person but that person
has not yet been entered on the Register, the directors can recognise a transfer (called a renunciation) by that person of his right to the share in favour of some other person. The ability to renounce allotments only applies if the terms on which the share is allotted are consistent with renunciation. The directors can impose terms and conditions regulating renunciation rights and can allow renunciation rights to be participating securities (as defined in the CREST Regulations) in their own right. 19 No tr
usts or similar interests recognised 19.1 The Company will only be affected by, or recognise, a current and absolute right to whole shares. The fact that any share, or any part of a share, may not be owned outright by the registered owner is not of any concern to the Company, for example if a share is held on any kind of trust. 19.2 The only exception to what is said in Article 19.1 is for any right:  which is expressly given by these Articles; or  which the Company has a lega
l duty to recognise. SHARES IN UNCERTIFICATED FORM 20 Holding shares in uncertificated form and effect of the CREST Regulations 20.1 Subject to the Articles and so far as the Companies Acts allow this, the directors can decide that any class of shares can:  be held in uncertificated form and that title to such shares can be transferred using a relevant system; or  no longer be held and transferred in uncertificated form. 20.2 These Articles do not apply to shares of any class which
 are held in uncertificated form to the extent that the Articles are inconsistent with the:  holding of shares of that class in uncertificated form;  transfer of title to shares of that class by means of a relevant system; or  CREST Regulations.  14 -




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SHARE CERTIFICATES 21 Certificates 21.1 When a shareholder is first registered as the holder of any class of shares in certificated form, he is entitled to receive, free of charge, one certificate for all the shares in certificated form of that class which he holds. If he holds shares of more than one class in certificated form, he is entitled to receive a separate share certificate for each class. 21.2 The Company must also observe any requirements of the CRES
T Regulations when issuing share certificates. Where the Companies Acts allow, the Company does not need to issue share certificates. 21.3 If a shareholder receives more shares in certificated form of any class he is entitled, without charge, to another certificate for the additional shares. 21.4 If a shareholder transfers part of his shares covered by a certificate, he is entitled, free of charge, to a new certificate for the balance if the balance is also held in certificated form. The old certificate wil
l be cancelled. 21.5 The Company does not have to issue more than one certificate for any share in certificated form, even if that share is held jointly. 21.6 When the Company delivers a certificate to one joint holder of shares in certificated form, this is treated as delivery to all of the joint shareholders. 21.7 If requested in writing to do so, the Company can deliver a certificate to a broker or agent who is acting for a person who is buying shares in certificated form, or who is having shares transfe
rred to him in certificated form. 21.8 The directors can decide how share certificates are made effective. For example, they can be:  signed by two directors or one director and the Secretary;  sealed with the Common Seal or the Securities Seal (or in the case of shares on a branch Register, an official seal for use in the relevant territory); or  printed, in any way, with a copy of the signature of those directors and the Secretary. The copy can be made or produced me
chanically, electronically or in any other way the directors approve. 21.9 A share certificate must state the number and class of shares to which it relates and the amount paid-up on those shares. It cannot be for shares of more than one class. 21.10 If all the issued shares of the Company, or a particular class of shares, are fully paid up and rank equally with each other for all purposes, none of those shares will (unless the directors pass a resolution to the contrary) have a distinguishing number as lon
g as it remains fully paid up and ranks equally for all purposes with all the shares of the same class which are issued and fully paid up. 21.11 The time limit for the Company to prepare a share certificate for shares in certificated form is:  one month after the allotment of a new share;  15 -




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 five working days after a valid transfer of fully-paid shares is presented for registration; or  two months after a valid transfer of partly-paid shares is presented for registration. 21.12 Article 21.11 only applies to the extent that the terms of issue of shares do not provide otherwise. 21.13 Share certificates will also be prepared and sent earlier where either the London Stock Exchange or the UK Listing Authority requires it
.. 22 Replacement share certificates 22.1 If a shareholder has four or more share certificates for shares of the same class which are in certificated form, he can ask the Company for these to be cancelled and replaced by a single new certificate. The Company must comply with this request, without making a charge for doing so. 22.2 A shareholder can ask the Company to cancel and replace a single share certificate with two or more certificates, for the same total number of shares. The Company, upon the payment
 by the shareholder of a reasonable sum determined by the directors, must comply with this request. 22.3 A shareholder can ask the Company for a new certificate if the original is:  damaged or defaced; or  lost, stolen, or destroyed. 22.4 If a certificate has been damaged or defaced, the Company can require satisfactory evidence and for the certificate to be delivered to it before issuing a replacement. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company can require satisfac
tory evidence, together with an indemnity, before issuing a replacement. In each case the directors can impose such other terms as they think fit. 22.5 The directors can require the shareholder to pay the Companys exceptional out-of-pocket expenses for issuing any share certificates under Article 22.3. 22.6 Any one joint shareholder can request replacement certificates under this Article. CALLS ON SHARES 23 The directors can make calls on shares The directors can call on shareholders to pay any m
oney which has not yet been paid to the Company for their shares. This includes both the nominal value of the shares and any premium which may be payable. If the terms of issue of the shares allow this, the directors can:  make calls as often, and whenever, they think fit;  decide when and where the money is to be paid;  decide that the money can be paid by instalments; or  16 -




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 wholly or partly revoke or postpone any call. A call is treated as having been made as soon as the directors pass a resolution authorising it. 24 The liability for calls 24.1 A shareholder who has received at least 14 days notice giving details of the amount called, the time (or times) and place or address for payment must pay the call as required by the notice. Joint shareholders are liable jointly and severally to pay any money called
 for in respect of their shares. 24.2 A shareholder due to pay the amount called shall still have to pay the call even if, after the call was made, he transfers the shares to which the call related. 25 Interest and expenses on unpaid calls If a call is made and the money due remains unpaid, the shareholder is liable to pay interest on the money and any expenses incurred by the Company because of his failure to pay the call on time. The interest will run from the day the money is due until it has actually be
en paid. The yearly interest rate will be a reasonable rate fixed by the directors (or, where they do not fix a reasonable rate, 10 per cent). The directors can decide not to charge any or all of such expenses and interest. 26 Sums which are payable when a share is allotted are treated as a call If the terms of a share require any money to be paid at the time the share is allotted, or at any fixed date (whether in relation to the nominal value of the shares or any premium which may apply), then the liabilit
y to pay the money will be treated in the same way as a liability for a valid call for money on shares which is due on the same date. If this money is not paid, everything in the Articles relating to non-payment of calls applies. This includes Articles which allow the Company to forfeit or sell shares and to claim interest. 27 Calls can be for different amounts On an issue of shares, if the terms of such shares allow, the directors can decide that allottees or the subsequent holders of such shares can be ca
lled on to pay different amounts, or that they can be called on at different times. 28 Paying calls early 28.1 The directors can accept payment in advance of some or all of the money due from a shareholder before he is called on to pay the money. The directors can agree to pay interest on money paid in advance until it would otherwise be due to the Company at a rate (up to a maximum yearly interest rate of 10 per cent) agreed between the directors and the shareholder. 28.2 The money which is paid in advance
 in this way shall not be included in calculating the dividend payable on the shares in respect of which the money paid in advance has been paid.  17 -




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FORFEITING SHARES 29 Notice following non-payment of a call Articles 29 to 39 apply if a shareholder fails to pay the whole amount of a call, or an instalment of a call, by the date on which it is due. The directors can serve a notice on him any time after the date on which the call or the instalment is due, if the whole amount immediately due has not been paid. 30 Contents of the notice A notice served under Article 29 must:  demand payment o
f the amount immediately payable, plus any interest;  give a date by when the total must be paid, but this must be at least 14 days after the notice is served on the shareholder;  state where the payment(s) must be made; and  state that if the full amount demanded is not paid by the time and at the place or address stated, the Company can forfeit the shares on which the call or instalment was due. 31 Forfeiture if the notice is not complied with If a notice served
 under Article 29 is not complied with, the shares to which it relates can be forfeited at any time while any amount (including interest) is still outstanding. This is done by the directors passing a resolution stating that the shares have been forfeited. 32 Forfeiture will include unpaid dividends All dividends which are due on (and other money payable in respect of) the forfeited shares, but not yet paid, will also be forfeited. 33 Dealing with forfeited shares 33.1 The directors can sell, dispose of
 or re-allot any forfeited share on any terms and in any way that they decide. The Company may keep the consideration received from doing this. The directors can, if necessary, authorise any person to transfer a forfeited share to any other person and may cause such other person to be registered as the holder of the share. 33.2 The new shareholders ownership of the share will not be affected if the steps taken to forfeit the share, or the sale or disposal of the share, were invalid or irregular, or if
 anything that should have been done was not done, and the new shareholder is not obliged to enquire as to how the purchase money (if any) is used.  18 -




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34 Cancelling forfeiture 34.1 After a share has been forfeited, the directors can cancel the forfeiture. But they can only do this before the share has been sold, re-allotted or disposed of. This can be on any terms that they decide. 34.2 If a share has not been sold or disposed of after three years from the date of forfeiture, the directors must cancel the share. 35 The position of shareholders after forfeiture 35.1 A shareholder loses all rights in connection
 with forfeited shares. If the shares are in certificated form, he must surrender any certificate for those shares to the Company for cancellation. A person is still liable to pay calls which have been made, but not paid, before the forfeiture of his shares. He must also pay interest on the unpaid amount (at the rate of interest which was payable on the unpaid amount before the forfeiture) until it is paid. If no interest was payable before the forfeiture on the unpaid amount, the directors can fix the rate
 of interest on the unpaid amount, but it must not be more than 10 per cent a year, until it is paid. 35.2 The shareholder continues to be liable for all claims and demands which the Company could have made relating to the forfeited share. He is not entitled to any credit for the value of the share when it was forfeited or for money received by the Company under Article 33, unless the directors decide to allow credit for all or any of that value. The directors may also decide to waive any payment due e
ither completely or in part. LIENS ON PARTLY PAID SHARES 36 The Companys lien on shares The Company has a lien on all partly-paid shares. This lien has priority over claims of others to the shares and extends to all dividends and other money payable on the shares or in respect of them. This lien is for any money owed to the Company for the shares. The directors can decide to give up any lien which has arisen or that any share for a specified period of time be entirely or partly exempt from this Articl
e. They can also decide to suspend any lien which would otherwise apply to particular shares. Unless otherwise agreed, the registration of a transfer of any share over which the Company has a lien shall operate as a waiver of that lien. 37 Enforcing the lien by selling the shares 37.1 If the directors want to enforce the lien referred to in Article 36, they can sell some or all of the shares in any way they decide. The directors can authorise someone to transfer the shares sold. But they cannot sell th
e shares until all of the following conditions are met:  the money owed by the shareholder must be immediately payable;  the directors must have given a notice in writing to the shareholder. This notice must say how much is due. It must also demand that this money is paid, and say that the shareholders shares can be sold if the money is not paid;  19 -




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 the notice in writing must have been sent to or served on the shareholder, or on any person who is automatically entitled to the shares by law; and  the money has not been paid by at least 14 days after the notice has been served. 37.2 The new shareholders ownership of the share will not be affected if the sale or disposal of the share was invalid or irregular, or if anything that should have been done was not done and is n
ot obliged to enquire as to how the purchase money (if any) is used. 38 Using the proceeds of the sale If the directors sell any shares under Article 37, the net proceeds will first be used to pay off the amount which is then payable to the Company. The directors will pay any money left over to the former shareholder, or to any person who would otherwise be automatically entitled to the shares by law provided that the Companys lien will also apply to any money left over, to cover any money still
due to the Company which is not yet payable: the Company has the same rights over this money as it had over the shares immediately before they were sold. If the shares are in certificated form, the Company need not pay over anything left under this Article until the certificate representing the shares sold has been delivered to the Company for cancellation. 39 Evidence of forfeiture or enforcement of lien A director, or the Secretary, can make a statutory declaration declaring:  that he is a di
rector or the Secretary of the Company;  that a share has been properly forfeited or sold to satisfy a lien under the Articles; and  when the share was forfeited or sold. This will be conclusive evidence of these facts which cannot be disputed as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the share. CHANGING SHARE RIGHTS 40 Changing the special rights of shares 40.1 If the Companys share capital is split into different classes of share, and if the Companies Acts allow thi
s and unless the Articles or rights attached to any class of share say otherwise, the special rights which are attached to any of these classes of share can be varied or abrogated if this is approved by an extraordinary resolution in accordance with Articles 40 and 41. This must be passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the relevant class of shares. This is called a class meeting. Alternatively, the holders of at least three-quarters of the existing shares of the relevant class (by nominal value) ca
n give their consent in writing. 40.2 The special rights of a class of shares can be varied or abrogated while the Company is a going concern, or while the Company is being wound up, or if winding up is being considered.  20 -




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40.3 All the Articles relating to General Meetings apply, with any necessary changes, to a class meeting, but with the following adjustments:  At least two people who hold (or who act as proxies for) at least one third of the total nominal value of the existing shares of the class are a quorum. However, if this quorum is not present at an adjourned class meeting, one person who holds shares of the class, or his proxy, is a quorum, regardless of the
 number of shares he holds.  Anybody who is personally present, or who is represented by a proxy, can demand a poll.  On a poll, the holders of shares will have one vote for every share of the class which they hold. 40.4 This Article also applies to the variation or abrogation of special rights of shares forming part of a class. Each part of the class which is being treated differently is viewed as a separate class in operating this Article. 41 More about the special rights of shar
es The special rights of shares or of any class of shares are not regarded as varied or abrogated if:  new shares are created, or issued, which rank equally with or behind those shares or that class of shares in sharing in profits or assets of the Company;  the Company redeems or buys back its own shares. But this does not apply if the terms of the shares or class of shares expressly provide otherwise. TRANSFERRING SHARES 42 Share transfers 42.1 Unless the Articles provide otherwis
e, any shareholder can transfer some or all of his shares to another person. 42.2 Every transfer of shares in certificated form must be in writing, and either in the usual standard form, or in any other form approved by the directors. 42.3 Transfers of uncertificated shares are to be carried out using a relevant system and must comply with the CREST Regulations. 43 More about transfers of shares in certificated form 43.1 The transfer form for shares in certificated form must be delivered to the Transfer Off
ice (or any other place the directors may decide). The directors may refuse to recognise a transfer unless the transfer form:  21 -




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 has with it the share certificate for the shares to be transferred and any other evidence which the directors ask for to prove that the person wishing to make the transfer is entitled to do this;  is properly stamped (for payment of stamp duty) where this is required;  is being used to transfer only one class of shares; and  is in favour of not more than four joint holders. 43.2 However, if a transfer is by a
 recognised clearing house or its nominee or by a recognised investment exchange, a share certificate is only needed if a certificate has been issued for the shares in question. 43.3 If the share being transferred is a fully paid-up share, a share transfer form must be signed by the person making the transfer. If the transfer is being made by a company, the share transfer form does not need to be under that companys seal. 43.4 If the share being transferred is not a fully paid-up share a share transfe
r form must also be signed by the person to whom the share is being transferred. If the transfer is being made to a company, the transfer form does not need to be under that companys seal. 43.5 The person making a transfer of shares will be treated as continuing to be the shareholder until the name of the person to whom a share is being transferred is put on the Register for that share. 43.6 No fee is payable to the Company for transferring shares or registering changes relating to the ownership of sh
ares. 44 The Company can refuse to register certain transfers 44.1 The directors can refuse to register a transfer of any shares in certificated form which are not fully paid-up. They do not have to give any reasons for refusing. But, if any of those shares are admitted to the official list maintained by the UK Listing Authority, the directors cannot refuse to register a transfer if this would stop dealings in the shares from taking place on an open and proper basis. 44.2 If the directors decide not to regi
ster a transfer of a share, they must notify the person to whom such share was to be transferred. This must be done no later than two months after the Company receives the transfer (in the case of a share in certificated form). 45 Closing the Register The directors can decide to suspend the registration of transfers by closing the Register. This can be for part of a day, a day, or more than a day. Suspension periods can vary between different classes of shares. But the Register cannot be closed for more tha
n 30 days a year. In the case of shares in uncertificated form, the Register must not be closed without the consent of the operator of a relevant system.  22 -




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46 Overseas branch registers The Company can use all the powers that the Companies Acts give to keep an overseas branch register. The directors can make and change any regulations they decide on relating to this register, as long as the Companies Acts allow this. PERSONS AUTOMATICALLY ENTITLED TO SHARES BY LAW 47 When a shareholder dies 47.1 When a sole shareholder dies (or a shareholder who is the last survivor of joint shareholders dies), his legal personal r
epresentatives will be the only people whom the Company will recognise as being entitled to his shares. 47.2 If a shareholder who is a joint shareholder dies, the remaining joint shareholder or shareholders will be the only people who the Company will recognise as being entitled to his shares. 47.3 This Article does not discharge the estate of any joint shareholder from any liability. 48 Registering personal representatives A person who becomes automatically entitled to a share by law can either be register
ed as the shareholder, or can select some other person to whom the share is to be transferred. The person who is automatically entitled by law must provide any evidence of his entitlement which is reasonably required by the directors. 49 A person who wants to be registered must give notice If a person who is automatically entitled to shares by law wants to be registered as a shareholder, he must deliver or send a notice to the Company saying that he has made this decision. He must sign or authenticate this
notice in accordance with Article 147, and it must be in the form which the directors require. This notice will be treated as a transfer form and all of the provisions of these Articles about registering transfers of shares apply to it. The directors have the same power to refuse to register the automatically entitled person as they would have had in deciding whether to register a transfer by the person who was previously entitled to the shares. 50 Having another person registered If a person who is au
tomatically entitled to a share by law wants the share to be transferred to another person, he must do the following:  for a share in certificated form sign a transfer form to the person he has selected; and  for a share in uncertificated form transfer such share using a relevant system. The directors have the same power to refuse to register the person selected as they would have had in deciding whether to register a transfer by the person who was previously entitled to the shares
..  23 -




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51 The rights of people automatically entitled to shares by law 51.1 A person who is automatically entitled to a share by law is entitled to any dividends or other money relating to the share, even though he is not registered as the holder of that share. However, if the directors have served a notice on any such person requesting him to choose between registering himself or transferring the share, and such person does not comply with the notice within 90 d
ays, the directors can withhold the dividend and other money until the notice has been properly complied with. 51.2 Unless and until he is registered as a shareholder the person automatically entitled to a share by law is not entitled:  to receive notices of General Meetings, or to attend or vote at these meetings; and  (subject to Article 51.1) to any of the other rights and benefits of being a shareholder, unless the directors decide to allow this. SHAREHOLDERS WHO CANNOT BE
 TRACED 52 Shareholder who cannot be traced 52.1 The Company can sell any shares at the best price reasonably obtainable if:  during the previous 12 years, at least three dividends on the shares have been payable and none has been claimed;  after this 12-year period, the Company announces that it intends to sell the shares by placing an advertisement in a United Kingdom national newspaper and in a newspaper appearing in the area which includes the address held by the Company f
or serving notices relating to the shares; and  during this 12-year period, and for three months after the last advertisement appears in the newspapers, the Company has received no indication as to the whereabouts or existence of the shareholder or any person who is automatically entitled to the shares by law. 52.2 To sell any shares in this way, the Company can authorise any person to transfer the shares. This transfer will be just as effective as if it had been made by the registered holder o
f the shares, or by a person who is automatically entitled to the shares by law. The ownership of the person to whom the shares are transferred will not be affected even if the sale is irregular or invalid in any way. 52.3 The net sale proceeds belong to the Company until claimed under this Article, but it must pay these to the shareholder who could not be traced, or to the person who is automatically entitled to the shares by law, if that shareholder, or that other person, asks for it. 52.4 The Company mus
t record the name of that shareholder, or the person who was automatically entitled to the shares by law, as a creditor for this money in its accounts. The money is not held on trust, and no interest is payable on the money. The Company can keep any money which it has earned on the net sale proceeds. The Company can use the money for its business, or it can invest the money in any way that the directors decide. But  24 -




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the money cannot be invested in the Companys shares, or in the shares of any holding company of the Company. 52.5 In the case of uncertificated shares, this Article is subject to any restrictions which apply under the CREST Regulations. GENERAL MEETINGS 53 The Annual General Meeting Except as provided in the Companies Acts, each year the Company must hold an Annual General Meeting, in addition to any other General Meetings which are held in the year. The
notice calling the Annual General Meeting must say that the meeting is the Annual General Meeting. There must not be a gap of more than 15 months between one Annual General Meeting and the next. The Annual General Meeting must be held in accordance with the Companies Acts. The directors must decide when and where to hold the Annual General Meeting. 54 Extraordinary General Meetings If a General Meeting is not an Annual General Meeting, it is called an Extraordinary General Meeting. 55 Calling an Extrao
rdinary General Meeting The directors can decide to call an Extraordinary General Meeting at any time. Extraordinary General Meetings must also be called promptly in response to a requisition by shareholders under the Companies Acts. If an Extraordinary General Meeting is not called in response to such a request by shareholders, it can be called by the shareholders who requested the Extraordinary General Meeting in accordance with the Companies Acts. Any Extraordinary General Meeting requisitioned in this w
ay by shareholders shall be called in the same manner as nearly as possible to that in which General Meetings are called by the directors. The directors must decide when and where to hold an Extraordinary General Meeting. 56 Notice of General Meetings 56.1 At least 21 clear days notice in writing must be given for every Annual General Meeting and for any other General Meeting where it is proposed to pass a special resolution or to pass some other resolution of which special notice under the Companies
Acts has been given to the Company. For every other General Meeting at least 14 clear days notice in writing must be given. However, a shorter period of notice can be given:  for an Annual General Meeting, if all the shareholders entitled to attend and vote agree; or  25 -




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 for an Extraordinary General Meeting, if a majority of the shareholders entitled to attend and vote agree and those shareholders hold at least 95 per cent by nominal value of the shares which can be voted at the meeting. 56.2 Any notice of General Meeting must state:  where the General Meeting is to be held;  the date and time of the General Meeting;  the general nature of the business of the General Meeting;
  if any resolution will be proposed as a special resolution or extraordinary resolution; and  in a reasonably prominent place that a shareholder entitled to attend and vote can appoint one or more proxies (who need not be shareholders) to attend, speak and vote instead of that shareholder. 56.3 Notices of General Meetings must be given to the shareholders, except in cases where the Articles or the rights attached to the shares state that the holders are not entitled to receive the
m from the Company. Notice must also be given to the Companys auditors. The day when the notice is served (see Article 144), or is treated as served, and the day of the General Meeting do not count towards the period of notice. In relation to any class of shares some of which are in uncertificated form the Company can decide that only people who are entered on the Register at the close of business on a particular day are entitled to receive such a notice. That day shall be a day chosen by the Com
pany and falling not more than 21 days before the notice is sent. 56.4 Unless the Companies Act 1985 does not require it, the Company must, on the requisition in writing of such number of shareholders as is specified in the Companies Act 1985, send to shareholders:  entitled to receive notice of the next Annual General Meeting notice of any resolution which may properly be proposed and is intended to be proposed at that meeting; and  entitled to receive notice of any General M
eeting any statement of not more than one thousand words with respect to the matter referred to in any proposed resolution or the business to be dealt with at that meeting. Notice of any such resolution shall be given, and any such statement shall be circulated, to shareholders of the Company entitled to have notice of the General Meeting sent to them. The cost of this, unless the Company decides otherwise, must be borne by the requisitionists. PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS 57 The chairman of a General Me
eting 57.1 The Chairman of the directors will be the chairman at every General Meeting, if he is present and willing to take the chair.  26 -




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57.2 If the Company does not have a Chairman, or if the Chairman is not present and willing to chair the General Meeting, a Deputy Chairman will chair the meeting if he is present and willing to take the chair. 57.3 Where there is more than one Deputy Chairman at a General Meeting and there is more than one present, and the Chairman is not there, the Deputy Chairman to take the chair will be the longest serving Deputy Chairman present. 57.4 If the Company does
not have a Chairman or a Deputy Chairman, or if neither the Chairman or any Deputy Chairman are present and willing to chair the General Meeting, after waiting ten minutes from the time that a meeting is due to start, the directors who are present will choose one of themselves to act as chairman. If there is only one director present, he will be chairman if he is willing. 57.5 If there is no director present and willing to be chairman, then the shareholders who are personally present at the General Meeting
and entitled to vote will decide which one of them is to be chairman. 57.6 To avoid any doubt, nothing in these Articles restricts or excludes any of the powers or rights of a chairman of a meeting which are given by the general law. 58 Security, and other arrangements at General Meetings Either the chairman of a General Meeting, or the Secretary, can take any action he considers necessary (including adjourning the General Meeting) for:  the safety of people attending a General Meeting (for exa
mple, if there is not enough room for the shareholders and proxies who want to attend the General Meeting); or  proper and orderly conduct at a General Meeting (for example, where the behaviour of someone present could prevent the business of the General Meeting being carried out in an orderly way); or  any other reason to make sure that the business of the General Meeting can be properly carried out. Where the chairman of a General Meeting or the Secretary decides to adjourn a Gen
eral Meeting in this way, he can adjourn the General Meeting to a time, date and place he decides (or indefinitely). He does not need the agreement of those present at the General Meeting to do this. 59 Overflow meeting rooms The directors can arrange for any people who they consider cannot be seated in the main meeting room, where the chairman will be, to attend and take part in a General Meeting in an overflow room or rooms. Any overflow room must have a live video and two way sound link with the main roo
m for the General Meeting, where the chairman will be. The video and sound link must enable those in all the rooms to see and hear what is going on in the other rooms. The notice of the General Meeting does not have to give details of any arrangements under this Article. The directors can decide on how to divide people between the main room and any overflow room. If any overflow room is used, the General Meeting will be treated as being held, and taking place, in the main room.  27 -




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60 The quorum needed for General Meetings Before a General Meeting starts to conduct business, there must be a quorum present. If there is not, the meeting cannot carry out any business. Unless other Articles say otherwise, a quorum for all purposes is two people who are entitled to vote. They can be personally present or proxies for shareholders or duly authorised company representatives or a combination of shareholders, duly authorised company representatives
 for companies and proxies. 61 The procedure if there is no quorum 61.1 This Article 61 applies if a quorum is not present either within 30 minutes of the time fixed for a General Meeting to start or within any longer period (being no longer than an hour from the time fixed for the General Meeting to start) on which the chairman may decide. If the General Meeting was called by shareholders it is cancelled. Any other General Meeting is adjourned to the same day in the next week (or if that day is a publ
ic holiday, then the next day which is not a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday) at the same time and place or to any other day and time and place which the directors decide. 61.2 If a quorum is not present within 15 minutes of the time fixed for the start of the adjourned meeting, the adjourned General Meeting shall be cancelled. 62 Adjourning meetings 62.1 Subject to Article 58, the chairman of a General Meeting can adjourn a meeting which has a quorum present, if this is agreed by those present at t
he General Meeting. This can be to a time, date and place proposed by the chairman or may be an indefinite adjournment. The chairman must adjourn the General Meeting if the General Meeting directs him to. In these circumstances the General Meeting will decide how long the adjournment will be, and where it will adjourn to. If a General Meeting is adjourned indefinitely, the directors will fix the time, date and place of the adjourned General Meeting. 62.2 General Meetings can be adjourned more than once. But
 if a General Meeting is adjourned for more than 30 days or indefinitely, at least seven days notice must be given of the adjourned General Meeting in the same way as was required for the original General Meeting. If a General Meeting is adjourned for less than 30 days, there is no need to give notice of the adjourned General Meeting, or about the business to be considered there. 62.3 An adjourned General Meeting can only deal with business that could have been dealt with at the original Gen
eral Meeting before it was adjourned. 63 Amending Resolutions If the chairman of a General Meeting, acting in good faith, rules an amendment to a resolution out of order, any error in that ruling will not affect the validity of a vote on the original resolution.  28 -




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VOTING PROCEDURES 64 How votes are taken 64.1 All Substantive Resolutions will only be decided on a poll. All Procedural Resolutions will be decided by a show of hands of the shareholders present in person or by proxy, unless a poll is demanded when, or before, the result of the show of hands is declared by the chairman. A poll can be demanded by:  the chairman of the General Meeting;  at least two shareholders at the General Meeting (
including proxies of shareholders entitled to vote) who are entitled to vote;  one or more shareholders at the General Meeting who are entitled to vote (including proxies of shareholders entitled to vote) and who have, between them, at least 10 per cent of the total votes of all shareholders who have the right to vote at the General Meeting; or  one or more shareholders who have shares which allow them to vote at the General Meeting (including proxies of shareholders entitled to vo
te), where the total amount which has been paid up on their shares is at least 10 per cent of the total sum paid up on all shares which give the right to vote at the General Meeting. 64.2 A demand for a poll can be withdrawn if the chairman agrees to this. If a poll is demanded, and this demand is then withdrawn, any declaration by the chairman of the result of a vote on that resolution by a show of hands, which was made before the poll was demanded, will stand. 65 How a poll is taken 65.1 If a poll is dema
nded or held in the way allowed by the Articles, the chairman of the General Meeting can decide where, when and how it will be carried out. The result is treated as the decision of the General Meeting where the poll was demanded, even if the poll is carried out after the General Meeting. 65.2 The chairman can:  decide that a ballot, voting papers or tickets will be used;  appoint one or more scrutineers (who need not be shareholders);  decide to adjourn the General Mee
ting to such day, time and place as he decides for the result of the poll to be declared. 65.3 If a poll is called, a shareholder can vote either personally or by his proxy. If a shareholder votes on a poll, he does not have to use all of his votes or cast all his votes in the same way.  29 -




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66 Where there cannot be a poll Notwithstanding any other provision in these Articles, a poll is not allowed on a vote to elect a chairman of a General Meeting, nor is a poll allowed on a vote to adjourn a General Meeting, unless the chairman of the General Meeting demands a poll. 67 A General Meeting continues after a poll is demanded A demand for a poll on a particular matter does not stop a General Meeting from continuing and dealing with matters other than
the question on which the poll was demanded. 68 Timing of a poll A poll on a resolution to adjourn the General Meeting must be taken immediately at the General Meeting. Any other poll can either be taken immediately at the General Meeting or within 30 days from the date it was demanded and at a time and place decided on by the chairman. No notice is required for a poll which is not taken immediately if the time and place at which it is to be taken are announced at the General Meeting at which it is dem
anded. In any other case, at least seven clear days notice must be given specifying the time and place at which the poll is to be taken. 69 The chairmans casting vote If the votes are equal, either on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of the General Meeting is entitled to a further, casting vote. This is in addition to any other votes which the chairman may have as a shareholder, or as a proxy. 70 The effect of a declaration by the chairman The following applies when there is a vote by
a show of hands, and no poll is demanded, or any demand for a poll is withdrawn. A corresponding entry in the minute book is conclusive proof of the following declarations by the chairman of the General Meeting:  a resolution has been carried;  a resolution has been carried unanimously;  a resolution has been carried by a particular majority;  a resolution has been lost; or  a resolution has been lost by a particular majority. There is no need
 to prove the validity, number, or proportion of votes recorded for or against a resolution.  30 -




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VOTING RIGHTS 71 The votes of shareholders At a General Meeting, on a show of hands every shareholder who is present in person and every person present who has been duly appointed as a proxy shall have one vote, provided that each such person is entitled to attend and vote at that General Meeting. Where there is a poll, a shareholder who is present in person (or by proxy) who is entitled to be present and to vote has one vote for every share which he holds. Thi
s is subject to any special rights or restrictions which are given to any class of shares by, or in accordance with, the Articles. 72 Shareholders who owe money to the Company Unless the Articles provide otherwise, the only people who are entitled to attend and/or vote at General Meetings or to exercise any other right conferred by being a shareholder in relation to General Meetings, are shareholders who have paid the Company all calls, and all other sums, relating to their shares which are due at the time
of the General Meeting. This applies both to attending the General Meeting personally and to appointing a proxy. 73 Suspension of rights on non-disclosure of interest 73.1 This Article applies if any shareholder, or any person appearing to be interested in shares (within the meaning of Part 22 of the Companies Act 2006) held by that shareholder, has been properly served with a notice under Section 793 of the Companies Act 2006, requiring information about interests in shares, and has failed for a
period of 14 days from the date of the notice to supply to the Company the information required by that notice. Then (subject to the provisions of the Companies Acts and this Article, and unless the directors otherwise decide) the shareholder is not (for so long as the failure continues) entitled to attend or vote either personally or by proxy at a shareholders meeting or to exercise any other right in relation to a shareholders meeting as holder of:  the shares in relation to
which the default occurred (called default shares);  any further shares which are issued in respect of default shares; and  any other shares held by the shareholder holding the default shares. 73.2 Any person who acquires shares subject to restrictions under Article 73.1 is subject to the same restrictions, unless:  the transfer was an approved transfer (see Article 73.11); or  the transfer was by a shareholder who was not himself in default in s
upplying the information required by the notice under Article 73.1 and a certificate in accordance with Article 73.3 is provided. 73.3 Where the default shares represent 0.25 per cent or more of the existing shares of a class, the directors can in their absolute discretion by notice (a direction notice) to the shareholder direct that:  31 -




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 any dividend or part of a dividend or other money which would otherwise be payable on the default shares shall be retained by the Company (without any liability to pay interest when that dividend or money is finally paid to the shareholder);  the shareholder will not be allowed to choose to receive shares in place of dividends in accordance with Article 135; and/or  subject to Article 73.4, no transfer of any of
 the shares held by the shareholder will be registered unless:  either the transfer is an approved transfer (see Article 73.11);  or the shareholder is not himself in default as regards supplying the information required; and (in this case)  the transfer is of part only of his holding; and  when presented for registration, the transfer is accompanied by a certificate by the shareholder. This certificate must be in a form satisfactory to the directors
and state that after due and careful enquiry the shareholder is satisfied that none of the shares included in the transfer are default shares. 73.4 Any direction notice can treat shares of a shareholder in certificated and uncertificated form as separate shareholdings and either apply only to shares in certificated form or to shares in uncertificated form or apply differently to shares in certificated and uncertificated form. In the case of shares in uncertificated form the directors can only use their disc
retion to prevent a transfer if this is allowed by the CREST Regulations. 73.5 The Company must send a copy of the direction notice to each other person who appears to be interested in the shares covered by the notice, but if it fails to do so, this does not invalidate the direction notice. 73.6 A direction notice has the effect which it states while the default resulting in the notice continues. It then ceases to apply when the directors decide (which they must do within one week of the default being cured
). The Company must give the shareholder immediate notice in writing of the directors decision. 73.7 A direction notice also ceases to apply to any shares which are transferred by a shareholder in a transfer permitted under Article 73.3 even where a direction notice restricts transfers. 73.8 Where a person who appears to be interested in shares has been served with a notice under Section 793 of the Companies Act 2006 and the shares in which he appears to be interested are held by an Approved
 Depositary, this Article shall be treated as applying only to the shares which are held by the Approved Depositary in which that person appears to be interested and not (so far as that persons apparent interest is concerned) to any other shares held by the Approved Depositary. 73.9 Where the shareholder on which a notice under Section 793 of the Companies Act 2006 is served is an Approved Depositary, the obligations of the Approved Depositary as a shareholder will be limited to disclosing to the
 Company any information relating to any person who appears to be interested in the shares held by it which has been recorded by  32 -




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it in accordance with the arrangement under which it was appointed as an Approved Depositary. 73.10 For the purposes of this Article a person is treated as appearing to be interested in any shares if the shareholder holding those shares has been served with a notice under Section 793 of the Companies Act 2006 and:  the shareholder has named that person as being so interested; or  (after taking into account the response of the shar
eholder to the notice and any other relevant information) the Company knows or reasonably believes that the person in question is or may be interested in the shares. 73.11 For the purposes of this Article a transfer of shares is an approved transfer if:  it is a transfer of shares to an offeror under an acceptance of a takeover offer; or  the directors are satisfied that the transfer is made in connection with a sale in good faith of the whole of the beneficial ownership of the sha
res to a person unconnected with the shareholder or with any person appearing to be interested in the shares. This includes such a sale made through a recognised investment exchange or any other stock exchange outside the United Kingdom on which the Companys shares are normally traded. For this purpose any associate (as that word is defined in Section 435 of the Insolvency Act 1986) is included amongst the people who are connected with the shareholder or any person appearing to be interested in t
he shares. 73.12 Where a person who has an interest in American Depositary Shares receives a notice under this Article 73, that person is considered for the purposes of this Article 73 to have an interest in the number of shares represented by those American Depositary Shares which is specified in the notice and not in the remainder of the shares held by the ADR Depositary. 73.13 Where the ADR Depositary receives a notice under this Article 73, the ADR Depositary shall only be required to sup
ply information relating to any person who has an interest in the shares held by the ADR Depositary which has been recorded by the ADR Depositary under the arrangements made with the Company (including in the Proxy Register maintained under Article 164) when it was appointed as the ADR Depositary. 73.14 This Article does not restrict in any way the provisions of the Companies Acts which apply to failures to comply with notices under Section 793 of that Companies Act 2006. 74 Votes of shareholders
who are of unsound mind 74.1 This Article 74 applies where a court which claims jurisdiction to protect people who are unable to manage their own affairs has made an order detaining a shareholder or appointing a person to manage his property or affairs. 74.2 The receiver or other person appointed by the court order to act for the shareholder can vote for the shareholder on a show of hands or on a poll at General Meetings. However, this Article only applies if the receiver or other person appointed by t
he court delivers to the Transfer Office (or the place or address stated in the notice for the delivery of the proxy form) at least 48 hours before the relevant General Meeting (or adjourned General Meeting) such evidence as the directors may require of such persons authority to act.  33 -




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74.3 If the receiver or other person appointed by the court fails to deliver the appropriate evidence to the Transfer Office (or the place or address stated in the proxy form) in accordance with Article 74.2, the right to vote shall not be exercisable. 75 The votes of joint holders Where a share is held by joint shareholders any one joint shareholder can vote at any General Meeting (either personally or by proxy) in respect of such share as if he were the
only shareholder. If more than one of the joint shareholders votes (either personally or by proxy), the only vote which will count is the vote of that one of them who is listed first on the Register for the share. PROXIES 76 Appointment of proxies 76.1 Any shareholder may appoint another person, who need not be another shareholder, as his proxy to act at a General Meeting on his behalf. 76.2 Proxies may also be appointed to act at General Meetings in the circumstances, and in the manner, provided for in Art
icles 159.2, 163, 165, 166 and 169, and Articles 76 to 80 should be read subject to their terms. 76.3 A shareholder can appoint more than one proxy to attend on the same occasion. 77 Completing proxy forms 77.1 A proxy form:  must be in writing; and  can be in any form which is commonly used, or in any other form which the directors approve. 77.2 A proxy form given by:  an individual must be signed by the shareholder appointing the proxy, or by an agent who has been pr
operly appointed in writing or authenticated in accordance with Article 147; or  a company must be sealed with the companys seal or signed by an officer who is authorised to act on behalf of the company or authenticated in accordance with Article 147. Unless the contrary is shown, the directors are entitled to assume that where a proxy form purports to have been signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 147 by an officer on behalf of a company that such officer was
 duly authorised by such company without requiring any further evidence. Signatures and authentications need not be witnessed. 77.3 All notices convening General Meetings which are sent to shareholders entitled to vote at the General Meeting, must, at the expense of the Company, be accompanied by a proxy  34 -




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form. The proxy form must make provision for two-way voting on all resolutions intended to be proposed, other than resolutions which are merely procedural. 77.4 The accidental omission to send a proxy form to a shareholder entitled to it (or non receipt by him of the proxy form) will not invalidate any resolution passed or proceedings at the General Meeting to which the proxy form relates. 78 Delivering proxy forms 78.1 A proxy form must be delivered to the pla
ce or address stated in the notice of the General Meeting, or in the proxy form, or, if no place or address is stated, to the Transfer Office or if the directors decide to accept proxies by electronic means or by means of a website, in the way and to the address that they specify. It must be delivered at least:  48 hours before a General Meeting, an adjourned General Meeting or a poll taken on the same day as the meeting; or  24 hours before a poll is taken, if the poll is not take
n on the same day as the General Meeting or adjourned General Meeting. 78.2 Directors can decide to accept proxies delivered by electronic means or by means of a website, subject to any limitations, restrictions or conditions they decide to apply. 78.3 If a proxy form is signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 147 by an agent, the power of attorney or other authority relied on to sign or authenticate it, or a copy which has been certified by a notary, or certified in some other way specified
 by the directors, must (if required by the Company) be delivered with the proxy form in accordance with the instructions for delivery of proxy forms which are set out in the notice of General Meeting or on the proxy form, unless the power of attorney or other form of authority has already been registered with the Company. 78.4 If this Article 78 is not complied with, the proxy will not be able to act for the person who appointed him. 78.5 A proxy form delivered by an Approved Depositary except in resp
ect of a person appointed in accordance with Article 191 may be delivered to the appropriate place or address referred to in Article 78.1 by electronic means or in any other way the directors decide. 78.6 If a proxy form which relates to several General Meetings has been properly delivered for one General Meeting or adjourned General Meeting, it does not need to be delivered again for any later General Meeting which the proxy form covers. 78.7 Unless the proxy form says otherwise, it will be valid
 at an adjourned General Meeting as well as for the original General Meeting to which it relates. 78.8 A shareholder can attend and vote at a General Meeting on a show of hands or on a poll even if he has appointed a proxy to attend and vote at that meeting. However, if he votes in person on a resolution, then as regards that resolution his appointment of a proxy will not be valid.  35 -




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79 Cancellation of proxys authority 79.1 Any vote cast in the way a proxy form authorises, or any demand for a poll made by a proxy, will be valid even though:  the shareholder who appointed the proxy has died or is of unsound mind;  the proxy form has been revoked; or  the authority of the person who signed or authenticated the proxy form for the shareholder has been revoked. 79.2 However, this does not apply if a n
otice in writing of the fact has been received at the Transfer Office (or at such other place or address within the United Kingdom which is specified for the deposit of proxy forms in accordance with these Articles) before:  the General Meeting or adjourned General Meeting starts; or  the time fixed on a later day to take a poll, when the vote is taken or poll demanded. 80 Authority of proxies 80.1 A proxy is entitled to speak at a General Meeting. 80.2 A proxy form gives the proxy
 the authority to demand a poll, or to join others in demanding one. A demand for a poll made by a proxy for a shareholder is treated in the same way as a demand by the shareholder himself. 80.3 Unless the proxy form provides otherwise, a proxy form entitles a proxy to vote on any amendment to a resolution put to the General Meeting for which it was given as the proxy thinks fit. 81 Representatives of companies 81.1 A company which is a shareholder can authorise any person to act as its representative at an
y General Meeting which it is entitled to attend. This person is called a company representative. The directors of that company must pass a resolution to appoint the company representative. If the governing body of that company is not a board of directors, the resolution can be passed by its governing body. A company representative can exercise all the powers on behalf of the company which the company could exercise if it were an individual shareholder present at the General Meeting in person. This includes
 the power to vote on a show of hands when the company representative is present in person at a General Meeting. 81.2 Any vote cast by a company representative, and any demand he makes for a poll, is valid even if he is, for any reason, no longer authorised to represent the company. However, this does not apply if notice in writing of the fact that he is no longer authorised has been received at the Transfer Office (or at such other place or address within the United Kingdom which is specified for the depos
it of proxy forms in accordance with these Articles) before the deadlines which apply to notice of cancellation of proxies under Article 79.  36 -




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82 Challenging votes Any objection to the right of any person to vote or the way in which the votes have been counted must be made at the General Meeting (or adjourned General Meeting) at which the vote is cast. If a vote is not disallowed at the General Meeting, it is valid for all purposes. Any such objection must be raised with the chairman of the General Meeting and will only change the decision of the General Meeting on any resolution if the chairman of th
e General Meeting decides that the vote cast may have affected the decision of the General Meeting. His decision on matters referred to him under this Article is final. DIRECTORS 83 The number of directors There must be at least three directors (other than alternate directors), but the shareholders can vary the number of directors by passing an ordinary resolution. 84 Qualification to be a director A director need not be a shareholder, but a director who is not a shareholder is entitled to attend and speak
at shareholders meetings. 85 Directors fees and expenses 85.1 Each of the directors shall be paid a fee for his services. The directors can decide on the amount, timing and manner of payment of directors fees, but the total of the fees paid to all of the directors (excluding amounts paid as special pay under Article 86, amounts paid as expenses under Article 87 and any payments under Article 88) must not exceed:  £1.5 million a year; or  a
ny higher sum decided on by an ordinary resolution at a General Meeting. This remuneration shall accrue from day to day. 85.2 Unless an ordinary resolution is passed which provides otherwise, the fees will be divided between some or all of the directors in the way that they decide. If they fail to decide, the fees will be shared equally by the directors, except that any director holding office as a director for only part of the period covered by the fee is only entitled to a pro rata share covering that bro
ken period. 86 Special pay 86.1 The directors can award special pay if any director performs extra or special services of any kind including:  holding any executive post;  acting as chairman or deputy chairman (whether or not this office is executive or non-executive);  37 -




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 travelling or staying outside his main residence for any business or purposes of the Company; and  serving on any committee of the directors. 86.2 Special pay can take the form of salary, commission or other benefits or expenses or more than one of such forms or can be paid in some other way. This is decided on by the directors and may be a fixed sum or percentage of profits or otherwise. Such special pay can be either in addition to
or instead of any other fees, expenses and other benefits a director may be entitled to receive. 87 Directors expenses In addition to any fees and expenses paid under Articles 85 and 86, the Company will repay to a director all expenses properly incurred in:  attending and returning from shareholders meetings;  attending and returning from directors meetings;  attending and returning from meetings of committees of the directors; or  in or
 with a view to the performance of their duties. 88 Directors pensions and other benefits 88.1 The directors may pay or provide:  pensions;  annual payments;  gratuities; or  other allowances or benefits to any people who are, or who were, directors who had a salary or place of profit with the Company or with any company which is or has been a subsidiary of the Company or a predecessor in business of the Company or any such subsidiary. The directors
can decide to extend these arrangements to any member of his family (including a spouse and a former spouse) or to any person who was or is dependent on him. The directors can also decide to contribute (before as well as after he ceases to receive a salary or occupy a place of profit) to any scheme or fund or to pay premiums to a third party for these purposes. 88.2 No director or former director is accountable to the Company or its shareholders for a benefit of any kind given in accordance with this Articl
e. The receipt of a benefit of any kind given in accordance with this Article does not prevent a person from being or becoming a director. 89 Appointing directors to various posts 89.1 The directors can appoint any director as chairman, or a deputy chairman, or to any executive position on which they decide. So far as the Companies Acts allow, they can  38 -




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decide on how long these appointments will be for, and on their terms. Subject to the terms of any contract with the Company, they can also vary or end these appointments. 89.2 A director will automatically stop being chairman, deputy chairman, managing director, deputy managing director, joint managing director or assistant managing director if he is no longer a director. Other executive appointments will only stop if the contract or resolution appointing the
director to a post says so. If a directors appointment ends because of this Article, this does not prejudice any claim for breach of contract against the Company which may otherwise apply. 89.3 The directors can delegate to a director appointed to an executive post any of the powers which they jointly have as directors. These powers can be delegated on such terms and conditions as decided by the directors either in parallel with, or in place of, the powers of the directors acting as a board. The direc
tors can change the basis on which these powers are given or withdraw them from the executive. CHANGING DIRECTORS 90 Age limits Provisions of the Companies Acts which, together with these Articles, would restrict the appointment of a director or require him to stop being a director because he has reached a particular age do not apply to the Company. This includes restrictions and requirements involving special formalities once an age limit is reached. 91 Retiring directors At each Annual General Meeting all
 those directors who were elected or last re-elected at or before the Annual General Meeting held in the third calendar year before the current year shall automatically retire. 92 Eligibility for re-election A retiring director is eligible for re-election. 93 Re-electing a director who is retiring 93.1 At a General Meeting at which a director retires (whether at an Annual General Meeting or otherwise), he may be re-elected (as long as the director has not told the Company in writing that he does not wish to
 be re-elected) if the shareholders pass an ordinary resolution to re-elect him. 93.2 A director retiring at a General Meeting retires at the end of that meeting (or adjourned meeting). Where a retiring director is re-elected he continues as a director without a break. 94 Election of two or more directors A single resolution for the election of two or more directors is void unless the shareholders first approve the putting of a resolution in this form by an earlier procedural vote taken at the General Meeti
ng, with no votes cast against.  39 -




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95 People who can be directors 95.1 Only the following people can be elected as directors at a General Meeting:  A director who is retiring at the General Meeting;  A person who is recommended by the directors; and  A person who has been proposed by a shareholder who is entitled to attend and vote at the General Meeting. 95.2 A shareholder proposing a director in accordance with Article 95.1 must deliver to the Regist
ered Office at least seven days before the General Meeting, but not more than 42 days before the meeting (this period includes the date on which the notice is given):  a letter stating that he intends to propose another person for election as director, signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 147; and  confirmation in writing from the person to be proposed that he is willing to be elected, signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 147 by such perso
n;. 96 The power to fill vacancies and appoint extra directors 96.1 The directors can appoint any person as an extra director or to fill a casual vacancy. Any director appointed in this way automatically retires at the next General Meeting after his appointment. At this General Meeting he can be elected by the shareholders as a director. 96.2 At a General Meeting the shareholders can also pass an ordinary resolution to fill a casual vacancy or to appoint an extra director. 96.3 Extra directors can only be a
ppointed under this Article up to the limit (if any) on the total number of directors under the Articles (or any variation of the limit approved by the shareholders in accordance with the Articles). 97 Removing and appointing directors by an ordinary resolution 97.1 The shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution to remove a director, even though his time in office has not ended. This applies despite anything else in the Articles, or in any agreement between him and the Company. Special notice of the ordin
ary resolution must be given to the Company as required by the Companies Acts. But if a director is removed in this way, it will not affect any claim which he may have for damages for breach of any contract of service between him and the Company. 97.2 Subject to Article 95, the shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution to elect a person to replace a director who has been removed in the way described in Article 97.1. If no director is appointed under this Article, the vacancy can be filled under
 Article 96. 97.3 Any person appointed under Article 97.2 will be treated, for the purpose of determining the time at which he is to retire, as if he had become a director on the day on which the director he replaced was last elected. 98 When directors are disqualified 98.1 Any director automatically ceases to be a director in any of the following circumstances if:  40 -




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 a bankruptcy order is made against him;  he makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors or applies for an interim order under Section 253 of the Insolvency Act 1986 in connection with a voluntary arrangement under that Act;  a court which claims jurisdiction to protect people who are unable to manage their own affairs has made an order detaining him or appointing a person to manage his property or affairs
;  he has missed directors meetings for a continuous period of six months, without permission from the directors, and the directors pass a resolution removing him from office;  he is prohibited from being a director under the Companies Acts or any power conferred on the directors or shareholders under these Articles;  except where his contract of service prevents him from resigning, he: (i) delivers to the Company a resignation notice in writing, signed or a
uthenticated in accordance with Article 147 by him or on his behalf; or (ii) offers in writing to resign and the directors pass a resolution accepting the offer;  all the other directors serve a notice in writing upon him requiring him to resign. He will cease to be a director when the notice is served on him. Such a notice can consist of several documents in the same form signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 147 by one or more directors. 98.2 When a director stops
being a director for any reason, he will also automatically cease to be a member of any committee. Removal from office will be without prejudice to any claim which he or the Company might bring in relation to any contract of service between him and the Company. DIRECTORS MEETINGS 99 Directors meetings The directors can decide when and where to have directors meetings and how they shall be conducted, and on the quorum. They can also adjourn their meetings. 100 Who can call directors m
eetings A directors meeting can be called by any director. The Secretary must also call a directors meeting if a director asks him to. 101 How directors meetings are called Directors meetings are called by giving notice to all the directors. This notice may be given to a director personally, by word of mouth, by notice in writing (sent to him at his last known address) or by electronic means (sent to him at his last known electronic address or  41 -




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number). Any director can waive notice of any directors meeting, including one which has already taken place. 102 Quorum 102.1 If no other quorum is fixed by the directors, three directors are a quorum. A directors meeting at which a quorum is present can exercise all the powers, authorities and discretions of the directors whether by or under these Articles or exercisable by the directors generally. 102.2 A person who holds office only as an altern
ate director shall, if his appointor is not present, be counted in the quorum. 102.3 A director who ceases to be a director at a directors meeting can continue to be present and act as a director and be counted in the quorum until the end of that meeting if no other director objects and a quorum would not otherwise be present. 103 The Chairman of directors meetings 103.1 The directors can elect any director as Chairman or as one or more Deputy Chairmen for such periods as the directors decide. I
f the Chairman is at a directors meeting, he will chair it. In his absence, the chair will be taken by a Deputy Chairman, if one is present. If there is no Chairman or Deputy Chairman present within five minutes of the time when the directors meeting is due to start, the directors who are present can choose which one of them will be the Chairman of the directors meeting. 103.2 Where there is more than one Deputy Chairman present at a meeting, and the Chairman is not there, the Deputy Chair
man to take the chair will be the longest serving Deputy Chairman present. 104 Voting at directors meetings Matters for decision which arise at a directors meeting will be decided by a majority vote. The chairman of the meeting will not have a second, casting vote. 105 Directors can act even if there are vacancies 105.1 The remaining directors can continue to act even if one or more of them ceases to be a director. But if the number of directors falls below the minimum which applies under Articl
e 83 (including any variation of that minimum approved by an ordinary resolution of shareholders), the remaining director(s) can only:  either appoint further directors to make up the shortfall; or  call a General Meeting. 105.2 If no director or directors are willing or able to act under this Article, any two shareholders can call a General Meeting to appoint extra directors.  42 -




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106 Directors meetings by video conference and telephone 106.1 Any or all of the directors, or members of a committee, can take part in a directors meeting of the directors or of a committee by way of a video conference or conference telephone, or similar equipment, designed to allow everybody to take part in the directors meeting. 106.2 Taking part in this way will be counted as being present at the directors meeting. A directors
meeting which takes place by way of video conference, conference telephone or similar equipment will be treated as taking place where most of the participants are. If there is no largest group, directors meetings will be treated as taking place where the Chairman is. 106.3 A directors meeting held in the way described in Article 106.1 will be valid as long as in one single place, or in places connected by way of video conference, telephone conference, or similar equipment, a quorum is prese
nt. 107 Resolutions in writing 107.1 This Article applies to a resolution in writing which is signed or authenticated by all of the directors or members of a committee who would be entitled to vote on the resolution at a directors meeting or at a committee meeting. This kind of resolution is just as valid and effective as a resolution passed by those directors at a directors meeting which is properly called and held. 107.2 The resolution can be passed using several copies of a document, if each
copy is signed or authenticated by one or more directors. 107.3 A resolution in writing signed or authenticated by an alternate director does not need also to be approved by his appointor. If the resolution in writing is signed or authenticated by a director who has appointed an alternate director, it does not need to be approved by the alternate director acting in that capacity. 107.4 A resolution in writing will be valid at the time it is signed or authenticated by the last director. 108 The validity of d
irectors actions Everything which is done by any directors meeting, or by a committee of the directors, or by a person acting as a director, or as a member of a committee, will, in favour of anyone dealing with the Company in good faith, be valid even though it is discovered later that any director, or person acting as a director, was not properly appointed or elected. This also applies if it is discovered later that anyone was disqualified from being a director, or had ceased to be a director,
or was not entitled to vote. In any of these cases, in favour of anyone dealing with the Company in good faith, anything done will be as valid as if there was no defect or irregularity of the kind referred to in this Article.  43 -




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DIRECTORS INTERESTS 109 Directors interests in transactions with the Company 109.1 If the Companies Acts allow, and if he has disclosed to the directors the nature and extent
of his interest, a director can, notwithstanding his being a director: (a) be a party to, or otherwise interested in, any existing or proposed contract,
transaction or arrangement with the Company or in which the Company is otherwise interested; (b) be a director of, or occupy an office or place of profit (other than as auditor) in, and
in any such case on terms (including pay) which the directors can decide, or be employed by,
or be a party to any existing or proposed contract, transaction or arrangement with, or
otherwise be interested in, any company promoted by the Company or in which the Company is
otherwise interested; or (c) alone (or any firm of which he is a partner, employee or member can) act in a
professional capacity for the Company (other than as auditor) and be paid for this. 109.2 A director will not, unless he agrees otherwise, have to hand over to the Company any
benefit which he derives from any of the interests described above, and no contract,
transaction or arrangement of the type described above will be liable to be avoided on the
grounds of any directors interest or benefit. 109.3 If the Company holds or owns shares in another company, the directors can exercise votes
attached to such shares or if any of the directors are directors of such other company, they
may vote as directors of that other company in such manner as they think fit. 110 When directors can vote on things in which they are interested 110.1 Unless the Articles say otherwise, a director cannot vote on a resolution about a contract
or any other kind of proposal in which he has a material interest. For this purpose, any
interest of a person who is connected with a director within the meaning of the Companies
Acts will be treated as if it were an interest of the director himself. However, the
director can vote if the interest is only an interest in the Companys shares, debentures or
other securities. If a director cannot vote on a resolution, the director cannot be counted
in the quorum when the directors vote on that resolution. 110.2 However, if the Companies Acts permit, a director can (in the absence of a material interest
other than one which is listed below) vote, and be counted in the quorum, on any resolution
about any of the following matters, namely: · giving him, or any other person, any guarantee, security or indemnity for any money
which he, or that other person, has lent at the request of, or for the benefit of, the
Company or any of its subsidiary undertakings; · giving him, or any other person, any security or an indemnity for any liability which
he, or that other person, has incurred at the request, or for the benefit of, the · Company or any of its subsidiary undertakings; - 44 -




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giving any guarantee, security or indemnity, to him, or any other person, for a debt or
obligation which is owed by the Company, or any of its subsidiary undertakings, if the
director has taken responsibility by giving a guarantee, indemnity or security for some or
all of that debt or obligation; any proposal relating to an offer of any shares, debentures or other securities, of or
by the Company, or any of its subsidiary undertakings, if the director takes part because he
is a holder of shares, debentures or other securities, or if he takes part in the
underwriting or sub-underwriting of the offer; any proposal involving any other company in which the director (together with any
person connected with the director within the meaning of the Companies Acts), has any kind
of interest (including holding any position in that company, or being a shareholder of that
company). But this exemption does not apply if he knows that he, and any people connected
with him, hold an interest in shares (as defined for Part 22 of the Companies Act 2006)
representing 1 per cent or more of: any class of equity share capital of such company (or any third company through
which his interest is derived); or the voting rights in that company. Any such interest of 1 per cent or more is treated for the purposes of this Article
as being material interest; any proposal relating to an arrangement for the benefit of employees of the Company, or
any of its subsidiary undertakings, which only gives him benefits which are also generally
given to the employees to whom the arrangement relates; any proposal relating to any insurance which the Company proposes to buy or renew for
the benefit of directors, or of a group of people which includes directors; or any proposal relating to: (i) the granting of an indemnity to directors; or (ii) the
funding of reasonable expenditure by one or more directors in defending civil or criminal
proceedings, or in connection with any application under the provisions referred to in
Section 337A(2) of the Companies Act 1985; or (iii) the doing of anything to enable such a
director or directors to avoid incurring such expenditure, by the Company or any of its
subsidiary undertakings. 110.3 A director cannot vote or be counted in the quorum on a resolution relating to appointing
that director to a position within the Company or any company in which the Company has an interest
or the terms and termination of the appointment.
110.4 This Article applies if the directors are considering proposals about appointing two or more
directors to positions with the Company or any company in which the Company has an interest. It
also applies if the directors are considering the terms or termination of such appointments. These
proposals can be split up to deal with each director separately. If this is done, each director can
vote and be included in the quorum for each resolution, except the one concerning him. But he
cannot vote if the resolution relates to appointing him to a company in which the Company is
interested in if he has an interest of 1 per cent or more in that company of the nature described
in Article 110.2. -45-




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110.5 If any question comes up at a directors meeting about whether a director has a material
interest, or whether he can vote or be counted in the quorum, and the director does not
agree to abstain from voting on the issue or not be counted in the quorum, the question must
be referred to the chairman of the directors meeting (unless the Chairman is the director
in question, in which case the other directors will choose another amongst them to act as
chairman in dealing with this question). The Chairmans ruling about any other director is
final and conclusive, unless the nature and extent of the directors interest has not been
fairly disclosed to the other directors. 111 More about directors interests For the purpose of Articles 109 and 110 and this Article, a director who is in any way
interested shall state the nature of his interest at a directors meeting in accordance with
the Companies Acts, and: · a general notice given to the directors that a director has an interest of the kind
stated in the notice in any contract, transaction or arrangement which involves any
company or person identified in the notice is treated as a standing disclosure that the
director has that interest; · an interest of a person who is connected with the director within the meaning of the
Companies Acts will be treated as an interest of the director; · interests (whether his or of any person connected with the director within the
meaning of the Companies Acts) which are unknown to the director and which it is
unreasonable to expect him to know about are ignored. DIRECTORS COMMITTEES 112 Delegating powers to committees The directors can delegate any of their powers, or discretions, to committees of one or more
directors. This includes powers or discretions relating to directors pay or giving benefits
to directors. If the directors have delegated any power or discretion to a committee, any
references in these Articles to using that power or discretion include its use by the
committee. Any committee must comply with any regulations laid down by the directors. These
regulations can require or allow people who are not directors to be coopted onto the
committee, and can give voting rights to co-opted members. But: · there must be more directors on a committee than co-opted members; and · a resolution of the committee is only effective if a majority of the members of the
committee present at the time of the resolution were directors. 113 Committee procedure If a committee includes two or more people, the Articles which regulate directors meetings
and their procedure will also apply to committee meetings (if possible), unless these are
inconsistent with any regulations for the committee which have been laid down under Article
112. - 46 -




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DIRECTORS POWERS 114 The directors management powers 114.1 The Companys business will be managed by the directors. They can use all the Companys
powers except where the Articles, or the Companies Acts, provide that powers can only be
used by the shareholders voting to do so at a General Meeting. The general management powers
under this Article are not limited in any way by specific powers given to the directors by
other Articles. 114.2 The directors are, however, subject to: · the provisions of the Companies Acts; · the requirements of the Memorandum or these Articles; and · any other requirements (whether or not consistent with these Articles) which are
approved by the shareholders by passing a special resolution at a General Meeting. However, if any change is made to the Memorandum or these Articles or if the shareholders
approve a requirement relating to something which the directors have already done which was
within their powers, this will not invalidate any prior act of the directors which would
otherwise have been valid. 115 The power to establish local boards 115.1 The directors can set up local committees, local boards or local agencies to manage any of
the Companys business. These can be either in or outside the United Kingdom. The directors
can appoint, remove and re-appoint anybody (who need not be a director) to be: · members of any local committee, board or agency; or · managers or agents of the Company. 115.2 The directors can: decide on the pay and other benefits of people appointed under this Article; delegate any of
their authority, powers or discretions to: (i) any local board or committee; or (iii) any manager, or agent of the Company; · allow local committees or boards, managers or agents to delegate to another person; · allow the members of local committees, boards or agencies to fill any vacancies on
them; · allow the members of local committees, boards or agencies to continue to act even
though there are vacancies on them; · remove any people they have appointed under this Article; and - 47 -




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· cancel or change an appointment or delegation made under this Article, although this
will not affect anybody who acts in good faith who has not had any notice of any
cancellation or variation. Any appointment or delegation by the directors which is referred to in this Article can be
on any terms and conditions decided on by the directors. 115.3 A person who is employed by, or occupies an office with, the Company may be given a title
which includes the words Associate Director. This will not imply that such person is a
director of the Company or that he is entitled to act as a director or be deemed to be a
director for the purposes of these Articles. 116 The power to appoint attorneys 116.1 The directors can appoint anyone (including the members of a group which changes over time)
as the Companys attorney or attorneys by granting a power of attorney or by authorising him
or them in some other way. The attorney or attorneys can either be appointed directly by the
directors, or the directors can give someone else the power to select attorneys. The
directors can decide on the purposes, powers, authorities and discretions of attorneys. 116.2 The directors can decide for how long a power of attorney will last and they can apply any
terms and conditions to it. The power of attorney can also include any provisions which the
directors decide on for the protection and convenience of anybody dealing with the attorney.
The power of attorney can also allow the attorney to sub-delegate any or all of his power,
authority or discretion to any other person. 117 Borrowing powers So far as the Companies Acts allow, the directors can exercise all the powers of the Company to: · borrow money; · issue (subject to the provisions of the Companies Acts regarding authority to allot
debentures convertible into shares) debentures and other securities; and · give any form of: · guarantee; and · security, either outright or as collateral and over all or any of the
Companys undertaking, property and uncalled capital, for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party. 118 Borrowing restrictions 118.1 The directors must: · limit the Borrowings of the Company and · exercise all voting and other rights or powers of control exercisable by the · Company in relation to its subsidiary undertakings - 48 -




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· to ensure that the total amount of all Borrowings by the Group outstanding at any
time will not exceed 1.5 times the Adjusted Total of Capital and Reserves at such time. This limitation on Borrowings will only affect subsidiary undertakings to the extent that
the directors can restrict the borrowings of the subsidiary undertakings by exercising the
rights or powers of control which the Company has over its subsidiary undertakings. The
Company may consent in advance to exceeding the borrowing limit by passing an ordinary
resolution at a General Meeting. 118.2 In this Article: Group means the Company and its subsidiary undertakings for the time being; Adjusted Total of Capital and Reserves means the aggregate of the share capital and reserves
as shown in the latest audited consolidated balance sheet of the Group (including the amount
paid up or credited as paid up on the issued share capital of the Company, the share premium account, capital redemption reserve, profit and loss account and
other reserves included within the Groups equity shareholders funds) (the Reserves) but: · adjusted as appropriate in respect of any variation to the paid up share capital or
reserves since the date of the latest audited consolidated balance sheet as recorded
within the monthly management accounting records of the Group prepared in accordance with
the accounting bases and principles applied in the preparation of its latest audited
consolidated balance sheet; · adding any amount which has been deducted at any time from the Reserves of the Group
for goodwill arising on consolidation either by direct charge to Reserves or by charge to
the Groups consolidated profit and loss account; and · making such other adjustments (if any) as the auditors of the Company consider
appropriate. Borrowings means the aggregate amount of all liabilities and obligations of the Group which
in accordance with the accounting bases and principles of the Group are treated as
borrowings in the latest audited consolidated balance sheet of the Group but: · adjusted as appropriate in respect of any variation to borrowings since the date of
the latest audited consolidated balance sheet as recorded within the monthly management
accounting records of the Group prepared in accordance with the accounting bases and
principles applied in its latest audited consolidated balance sheet; · excluding any borrowings under finance or structured tax lease arrangements to the
extent matched as part of those arrangements by deposits of cash or cash equivalent
investments which are treated by the creditor concerned as available to reduce its net
exposure; and · making such other adjustments (if any) as the auditors of the Company consider
appropriate. 118.3 The determination of the Companys auditors as to the amount of the Adjusted Total of
Capital and Reserves and the total amount of Borrowings at any time shall be conclusive and binding on
all concerned and for the purposes of their computation the Companys - 49 -




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auditors may at their discretion make such further or other adjustments (if any) or
determinations as they think fit. Nevertheless the directors may act in reliance on a bona
fide estimate of the amount of the Adjusted Total of Capital and Reserves and the total
amount of Borrowings at any time and if in consequence the borrowing limit is inadvertently
exceeded an amount of borrowings equal to the excess may be disregarded until the expiration
of three months after the date on which by reason of a determination of the Companys
auditors or otherwise the directors became aware that such a situation has or may have
arisen. 118.4 No lender or other person dealing with the Group need be concerned whether the borrowing
limit is observed. No debt incurred or security given in breach of the borrowing limit will
be invalid or ineffective unless the lender or the recipient of the security had express
notice at the time when the debt was incurred or security given, that the limit had been or
would as a result be breached. ALTERNATE DIRECTORS 119 Alternate directors 119.1 Any director may appoint any person (including another director) to act in his place (such
person is called an alternate director). Such appointment requires the approval of the
directors, unless the proposed alternate director is another director. A director appoints
an alternate director by delivering an appointment notice signed or authenticated in
accordance with Article 147 by him (or in any other manner which has been approved by the
directors) to the Registered Office. An alternate director need not be a shareholder. 119.2 The appointment of an alternate director ends if the director appointing him ceases to be a
director, unless that director retires at a General Meeting at which he is re-elected under
Article 93.1. A director can also remove his alternate by delivering a notice signed or
authenticated in accordance with Article 147 by him (or doing something else which has been
approved by the directors) delivered to the Registered Office. An alternate director can
also be removed as an alternate by a resolution of the directors. 119.3 An alternate director is entitled to receive notices of directors meetings once he has
given the Company an address to which notices may be served on him. He is entitled to attend
and vote as a director at any such meeting at which the director appointing him is not
personally present and generally at such meeting to perform all functions of the director
appointing him as a director. If he is himself a director or attends any such meeting as an
alternate for more than one director, he will have one vote for each director for whom he
acts as an alternate, in addition to his own vote as a director. However, he may not be
counted more than once for the purposes of the quorum. If his appointor is temporarily
unable to act through ill health or disability his signature of or authentication of any
resolution in writing of the directors is as effective as the signature or
authentication of his appointor. 119.4 If the directors decide to allow this, Article 119.3 also applies in a similar fashion to
any meeting of a committee of which his appointor is a member. 119.5 An alternate director shall be an officer of the Company and shall alone be responsible to
the Company for his own actions and mistakes. Except as said in this Article 119, an
alternate director: - 50 -




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· does not have power to act as a director; · is not considered to be a director for the purposes of the Articles; · is not considered to be the agent of his appointor; and · cannot appoint an alternate director. 119.6 Subject to the Companies Acts, an alternate director is entitled to contract and be
interested in and benefit from contracts or arrangements or transactions and to be repaid
expenses and to be indemnified to the same extent as if he were a director. However, he is
not entitled to receive from the Company as alternate director any pay, except only such
part (if any) of the pay otherwise payable to his appointor as such appointor may direct the
Company in writing to pay to his alternate. THE SECRETARY 120 The Secretary and Deputy and Assistant Secretaries 120.1 The Secretary is appointed by the directors. The directors decide on the terms and period of
his appointment so long as allowed to do so by the Companies Acts. The directors can also
remove the Secretary, but this does not affect any claim for damages against the Company for
breach of any contract between him and the Company. 120.2 The directors can also appoint one or more people to be deputy or assistant secretary.
Anything which the Companies Acts allow to be done by or to the Secretary can, if there is
no Secretary, or he is for any reason not capable of doing what is required of him, also be
done by or to any deputy or assistant secretary. If there is no deputy or assistant
secretary capable of acting, the directors can appoint any officer to do what would be
required of the deputy or assistant secretary. 120.3 Anything which the Companies Acts allow to be done by or to a director and the Secretary,
cannot be done by or to one person acting as both a director and a Secretary. THE SEAL 121 The Seal 121.1 The directors are responsible for arranging for the Common Seal and any Securities Seal to
be kept safely. The Common Seal and any Securities Seal can only be used with the authority
of the directors or of a committee authorised by the directors to use it. The Securities
Seal can be used only for sealing securities issued by the Company in certificated form and
sealing documents creating or evidencing securities issued by the Company. 121.2 Subject to the provisions of these Articles which relate to share certificates, every
document which is sealed using the Common Seal must be signed personally by: · one director and the Secretary; or · two directors; or - 51 -




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any other persons who are authorised to do so by the directors. 121.3 Where a signature is required to witness the Common Seal, the directors may decide that
the individual need not sign the document personally but that his signature may be printed
on it mechanically, electronically or in any other way the directors approve. 121.4 Securities and documents which have the Securities Seal stamped on them do not need
to be signed unless the directors or the Companies Acts require this. 121.5 The directors can use all the powers given by the Companies Acts relating to official seals
for use abroad. 121.6 Certificates for debentures or other securities of the Company may be printed in any way
and may be sealed and/or signed for in any manner allowed by these Articles. 121.7 As long as it is allowed by the Companies Acts, any document signed by one director and
the Secretary or by two directors and expressed to be entered into by the Company shall
have the same effect as if it had been made effective by using the Common Seal.
However no document which states that it is intended to have effect as a deed shall be
signed in this way without the authority of the directors or of a committee authorised by the
directors to give such authority. AUTHENTICATING DOCUMENTS 122 Establishing that documents are genuine 122.1 Any director, or the Secretary, has power to identify as genuine any of the following and to
certify copies or extracts from them as true copies or extracts:
any documents relating to the Companys constitution; · any resolutions passed by the shareholders or any class of shareholders, or by
the directors or by a committee of the directors; and · any books, documents, records or accounts which relate to the Companys
business. The directors can also delegate this power to other people. 122.2 When any books, documents, records or accounts are not kept at the Registered Office,
the officer of the Company who has custody of them is treated as a person who has been
authorised by the directors to identify them as genuine and to provide certified copies or
extracts from them. 122.3 A document which appears to be a copy of a resolution or an extract from the minutes of
any meeting, and which is certified as a copy or extract as described in Article 122.1 or
122.2 is conclusive evidence for anyone who deals with the Company on the strength of
the document that: · the resolution has been properly passed; or · the extract is a true and accurate record of the proceedings of a valid meeting. - 52 -




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RESERVES 123 Setting up reserves The directors can, before recommending any dividend, set aside any profits of the Company
and hold them in a reserve. The directors can decide to use these sums for any purpose for
which the profits of the Company can lawfully be used. Sums held in a reserve can either be
employed in the business of the Company or be invested. The directors can divide the reserve
into separate funds for particular purposes and alter the funds into which the reserve is
divided. The directors can also carry forward any profits without holding them in a reserve. DIVIDENDS 124 No dividends are payable except out of profits 124.1 No dividend can be paid otherwise than out of profits available for distribution under the
Companies Acts. 124.2 The profits of the Company which are determined to be distributed will be used in the
payment of dividends to shareholders in accordance with their respective rights and
priorities. 125 Final dividends The directors may recommend the amount of any final dividend. The shareholders can then
declare dividends by passing an ordinary resolution, but the amount declared cannot exceed
the amount recommended by the directors. 126 Fixed and interim dividends 126.1 If the directors consider that the profits of the Company justify such payments, they can
pay: · fixed dividends on any class of shares carrying a fixed dividend on the dates fixed
for the payment of those dividends; and · interim dividends on shares of any class of any amounts and on any dates and for any
period which they decide. 126.2 If the directors act in good faith, they are not liable to any shareholders for any loss
they may suffer because a lawful dividend has been paid under this Article on other shares
which rank equally with or behind their shares. 127 Dividends not in cash If the directors recommend this, shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution to direct all
or part of a dividend to be paid by distributing specific assets (and in particular paid-up
            shares or debentures of any other company) rather than cash. The directors must give - 53 -




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effect to that resolution. Where any difficulty arises on the distribution and valuation of
the assets, the directors can settle it as they decide. In particular, they can: · issue fractional certificates; · value assets for distribution purposes; · pay cash of a similar value to adjust the rights of persons entitled to the dividend;
and/or · transfer any assets to trustees for persons entitled to the dividend. 128 Calculation and currency of dividends 128.1 All dividends will be divided and paid in proportions based on the amounts which have
been paid-up on the shares during any period for which the dividend is paid. Sums which
have been paid-up in advance of calls do not count in calculating the amount of a dividend
to be paid on a share. If the terms on which any share is issued provide that such share
will be entitled to a dividend as if it were a fully paid-up, or partly paid-up, share from a
particular date (in the past or the future), it will be entitled to a dividend on this basis. This
Article applies unless the rights attached to any shares, or the terms of any shares,
provide otherwise. 128.2 Unless the rights attached to any shares, or the terms of any shares, or the Articles
provide otherwise, a dividend, or any other money payable in respect of any share, can be
paid to a shareholder in whatever currency the directors decide, using an appropriate
exchange rate selected by the directors for any currency conversions which are required. 128.3 The directors can decide that a particular Approved Depositary should be able to receive
dividends in a currency other than the currency in which it is declared and can make
arrangements accordingly. In particular, if an Approved Depositary has chosen or agreed
to receive dividends in another currency, the directors can make arrangements with the
Approved Depositary for payment to be made to the Approved Depositary for value on
the date on which the relevant dividend is paid, or a later date decided on by the directors. 129 Deducting amounts owing from dividends and other money
If a shareholder owes any money for calls on shares, or money relating in any other way
to shares, the directors can deduct any of this money (as long as it is immediately
payable) from: · any dividend on any shares held by the shareholder; or · any other money payable by the Company in connection with the shares. Money deducted in this way can be used to pay amounts owed to the Company in
connection with the shares. 130 Payments to shareholders 130.1 Any dividend or other money payable in cash (whether in sterling or foreign currency) relating to a share can be paid: - 54 -




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· by cheque or warrant or any other similar financial instrument made payable to the
shareholder who is entitled to it and sent direct to his registered address or, in the
case of joint shareholders, to the shareholder who is first named in the Register and sent
direct to his registered address, or to someone else named in an instruction in writing
from the shareholder (or from all joint shareholders); · in the case of shares in uncertificated form, by the use of a relevant system; · by inter-bank transfer, electronic form, electronic means or by means of a website to
an account named in an instruction in writing from the person receiving the payment;
and/or · in some other way agreed between the shareholder (or all joint shareholders) and the
Company. 130.2 For joint shareholders, the Company can rely on a receipt for a dividend or other money paid
on shares from any one of them. 130.3 Cheques and warrants are sent, and payment in any other way is made, at the risk of the
people who are entitled to the money. The Company is treated as having paid a dividend if
such a cheque or warrant is cleared or if a payment using a relevant system, bank transfer,
electronic form, electronic means or by means of a website is made in accordance with
instructions given by the Company. The Company will not be responsible for a payment which
is lost or delayed. 130.4 The Company will not pay interest on any dividend or other money due to a shareholder in
respect of his shares, unless the rights of the shares provide otherwise. 131 Record dates for payments and other matters Any dividend or distribution on shares of any class can be paid to the holder or holders of
the shares shown on the Register, at the close of business on whatever day may be provided
in the resolution declaring the dividend or providing for the distribution. The dividend or
distribution will be based on the number of shares registered on that day. This Article
applies whether what is being done is the result of a resolution of the directors or a
resolution passed at a General Meeting. The date can be before any relevant resolution was
passed. This Article does not affect the rights to the dividend or distribution as between
past and present shareholders. 132 Dividends which are not claimed 132.1 If a dividend has not been claimed for one year after the passing of either the resolution
passed at a General Meeting declaring that dividend or the resolution of the directors
providing for payment of that dividend, the directors may invest the dividend or use it in
some other way for the benefit of the Company until the dividend is claimed. If the
directors pay unclaimed dividends into a separate account, the Company will not be a trustee
of the money and will not be liable to pay any interest on it. If a dividend has not been
claimed for 12 years after either the passing of the relevant resolution either declaring
that dividend or providing for payment of that dividend, it will be forfeited and belong to
the Company again. - 55 -




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132.2 The Company can stop paying dividends by cheque, warrant or other payment order if cheques,
warrants or other payment orders for two dividends in a row are sent back or not cashed. The
Company must start paying dividends in this way again if the shareholder or a person
automatically entitled to the shares by law: · claims those dividends in writing (before they are forfeited under Article 132.1);
and · does not tell the Company to start paying future dividends in some other way. 133 Waiver of dividends Where a shareholder wants to waive his entitlement to all or any part of a dividend, he may
do so by delivering a notice in writing to that effect, signed or authenticated in
accordance with Article 147 by him, to the Company. If appropriate, the notice in writing
may be signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 147 by whoever has become
automatically entitled to the shares by law. For the waiver to be effective, the Company
must accept the notice in writing and act on it. The Company may, however, decline to act on
the notice in writing and continue to pay dividends to the shareholder accordingly. CAPITALISING RESERVES 134 Capitalising reserves 134.1 Subject to any special rights attaching to any class of shares, the shareholders can pass an
ordinary resolution to allow the directors to change into capital any sum which: · is part of any of the Companys reserves (including premiums received when any shares
were issued, capital redemption reserves or other undistributable reserves); or · the Company is holding as undistributed profits. 134.2
Unless the ordinary resolution states otherwise the directors will use the sum which is
changed into capital for the Ordinary Shareholders on the Register at the close of business
on the day the resolution is passed (or another date stated in the resolution or fixed as
stated in the resolution). The sum set aside must be used to pay up in full shares of the
Company and to allot such shares and distribute them to holders of Ordinary Shares as bonus
shares in proportion to their holdings of Ordinary Shares at the time. The shares can be
Ordinary Shares or, if the rights of other existing shares allow this, shares of some other
class. 134.3 If any difficulty arises in operating this Article, the directors can resolve it in any way
which they decide. For example they can deal with entitlements to fractions of a share. They
can decide that the benefit of fractions of a share belongs to the Company or that fractions
of a share are ignored or deal with fractions of a share in some other way. 134.4 The directors can appoint any person to sign any contract with the Company on behalf of
those who are entitled to shares under the resolution. Such a contract is binding on all
concerned. - 56 -




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SCRIP DIVIDENDS Ordinary Shareholders can be offered the right to receive extra shares instead of cash
dividends The directors can offer Ordinary Shareholders the right to choose to receive extra Ordinary
Shares, which are credited as fully paid-up, instead of some or all of their cash dividend.
Before they can do this, the shareholders must have passed an ordinary resolution
authorising the directors to make this offer. The ordinary resolution can apply to a particular dividend or dividends (whether declared or
not). Alternatively, it can apply to some or all of the dividends which may be declared or
paid in a specified period. The specified period must end no later than five years after the
ordinary resolution is passed. 135 135.1 135.2 135.3 The directors can offer Ordinary Shareholders or persons automatically entitled by operation
of law the right to request new Ordinary Shares instead of cash for: · the next dividend; or · all future dividends (if shares are made available as an alternative to a cash
dividend), until they tell the Company that they no longer wish to receive new · Ordinary Shares. The directors can also allow Ordinary Shareholders to choose between these alternatives. 135.4 135.5 An Ordinary Shareholder opting for new shares is entitled to Ordinary Shares whose total
relevant value is as near as possible to the cash dividend (disregarding any tax credit) he
would have received, but no greater than such cash dividend. The relevant value of an Ordinary Share is a value calculated in the manner set out in the
ordinary resolution or, if the ordinary resolution does not set out how the relevant value
of an Ordinary Share is to be calculated, then the relevant value of an Ordinary Share is
the average value of the Ordinary Shares for the five dealing days starting from, and
including, the day when the shares are first quoted ex dividend . This average value is
worked out from the average middle market quotations for the Ordinary Shares on the London
Stock Exchange, as published in its Daily Official List. A certificate or report from the
Companys auditors as to the amount of the relevant value will be conclusive evidence of
that amount. After the directors have decided to apply this Article to a dividend, they must notify
eligible Ordinary Shareholders in writing of their right to choose new Ordinary Shares. This
notice should also set out the procedure by which the Ordinary Shareholders must notify the
Company if they wish to receive new Ordinary Shares. Where Ordinary Shareholders have
already chosen to receive new Ordinary Shares in place of all cash future dividends, if new
Ordinary Shares are available, the Company will not notify them of a right to receive new
Ordinary Shares. Instead, the Company will remind them that they have already chosen to
receive new Ordinary Shares and explain to them how to tell the Company if they wish to
start receiving cash dividends again. The directors can set a minimum number of Ordinary Shares in respect of which the right to
choose new Ordinary Shares can be exercised. No Ordinary Shareholder or person - 57 -




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135.6 135.7 who is automatically entitled to an Ordinary Share by law will receive a fraction of a
share. The directors can decide how to deal with any fractions left over and the Company
can, if the directors decide, receive the benefit of any or all of these. The directors can exclude or restrict the right to choose new Ordinary Shares, or make any
other arrangements where they decide that: · this is necessary or convenient to deal with any legal or practical problems in
relation to holders of Ordinary Shares with registered addresses in any particular
territory under the laws of any territory, or requirements of any recognised regulatory
body or stock exchange in any territory; or · special formalities would otherwise apply in connection with the offer of new · Ordinary Shares (including Ordinary Shares being represented by American Depositary
Shares); or · it would be impractical or unduly onerous to give the right to any Ordinary
Shareholder or that for some other reason the offer should not be made to them. The directors can exclude or restrict the right to choose new Ordinary Shares in the case of
any shareholder who is an Approved Depositary or a nominee for an Approved Depositary. They
can do this if the offer or exercise of the right to or by the people on whose behalf the
Approved Depositary holds the shares would suffer from legal or practical problems of the
kind mentioned in Article 135.8. If other Ordinary Shareholders (other than those excluded
under Article 135.8) have the right
to choose new Ordinary Shares, the directors must be satisfied that an appropriate dividend
reinvestment plan or similar arrangement is available to a substantial majority of the
people on whose behalf the Approved Depositary holds shares or that such arrangements will
be available promptly. The first sentence of this Article 135.9 does not apply until the
directors are satisfied of this. 135.8 135.9 135.10 If an Ordinary Shareholder chooses to receive new Ordinary Shares, no dividend on the
Ordinary Shares for which he has chosen to receive new Ordinary Shares (which are called the
elected shares), will be declared or payable. Instead, new Ordinary Shares will be allotted on the
basis set out earlier in this Article. To do this the directors will convert into capital a sum
equal to the total nominal value of the new Ordinary Shares to be allotted. They will use this sum to pay up in full the appropriate number of new Ordinary Shares.
These will then be allotted and distributed to the holders of the elected shares as set out
above. The sum to be converted into capital can be taken from any amount which is then in
any reserve or fund (including the share premium account, any capital redemption reserve and
the profit and loss account). Article 134 applies to this process, so far as it is
consistent with this Article 135. 135.11 The new Ordinary Shares rank equally in all respects with the existing fully paid-up Ordinary Shares at the time the new Ordinary Shares are allotted. The new Ordinary Shares
are not entitled to share in the dividend from which they arose or any other dividend or
distribution or other entitlement which has been declared, made or paid or is payable by
reference to such record date or earlier record date. 135.12 Unless the directors decide otherwise or the CREST Regulations or the rules of a relevant
system require otherwise, any new Ordinary Shares which an Ordinary Shareholder has chosen to
receive instead of some or all of his cash dividend will be: · shares in uncertificated form if the corresponding elected shares were uncertificated
            shares on the record date for that dividend; and - 58 -




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· shares in certificated form if the corresponding elected shares were shares in
certificated form on the record date for that dividend. 135.13 The directors can decide that new Ordinary Shares will not be available in place of any cash
dividend. They can decide this at any time before new Ordinary Shares are allotted in place of such
dividend, whether before or after Ordinary Shareholders have chosen to receive new Ordinary Shares. 135.14 The directors have the power to do all acts and things they consider necessary to give
effect to this Article. ACCOUNTS 136 Accounting and other records 136.1 The directors must make sure that proper accounting records that comply with the Companies Acts are kept. These records must explain the Companys transactions and
show its financial position at any time with reasonable accuracy. 136.2 The directors must, in accordance with the Companies Acts, ensure that the profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, group accounts (if any) and reports specified in the Companies Acts are prepared and laid before the Company at a General Meeting. 136.3 The auditors report must be laid before the Company in General Meeting and must be open for inspection as required by the Companies Acts. 137 Location and inspection of records 137.1 The accounting records must be kept: at the Registered Office; or at any other place which the Companies Acts allow and the directors decide on. 137.2 The Companys officers always have the right to inspect the accounting records. 137.3 No shareholder (other than a shareholder who is also an officer) has any right to inspect any books or papers of the Company unless: the Companies Acts or a proper court order give him that right; or the directors authorise him to do so; or he is authorised by an ordinary resolution to do so. 138 Sending copies of accounts and other documents 138.1 This Article applies to every directors and auditors report and balance sheet and profit and loss account to be laid before the shareholders at a General Meeting with any other document which the Companies Acts requires to be attached to these. 138.2 Copies of the documents set out in Article 138.1 must be delivered or sent to the shareholders and debenture holders at their registered addresses and to all other people to whom the Articles, or the Companies Acts or the requirements of the UK Listing - 59 -




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Authority or the London Stock Exchange (or of any other stock exchange on which all or any
of the shares of the Company have been admitted for listing) require the Company to send
them. This must be done at least 21 days before the relevant General Meeting. However, the
Company need not send these documents to shareholders who are sent summary financial
statements in accordance with the Companies Acts. 138.3 Shareholders or debenture holders who are not sent copies of the above documents in Article 138.2 can receive a copy free of charge by applying to the Company at the Registered Office. AUDITORS 139 Actions of auditors The directors must appoint auditors for the Company. The duties of the auditors will be regulated in accordance with the Companies Acts. So far as the Companies Acts allow, the actions of a person acting as an auditor are valid in favour of anyone dealing with the Company in good faith, even if there was some defect in the persons appointment or qualification to act as an auditor. 140 Auditors at General Meetings The Companys auditor can attend any General Meeting. He can speak at General Meetings on any business which is relevant to him as auditor. COMMUNICATIONS WITH SHAREHOLDERS 141 Serving and delivering notices and other documents 141.1 To the extent permitted and unless required otherwise by the Companies Acts, any other Act applying to the Company or these Articles, the Company can send, serve, supply or deliver any offer, notice, information or any other document, including a share certificate, on or to a shareholder: personally; by posting it in a letter (with postage paid) to the shareholders registered address or by causing it to be left at that address in some other way; or by electronic means and/or by making such offers, notices, information or documents available on a website. 141.2 The Company Communication Provisions have effect for the purposes of any provisions of the Companies Acts or these Articles that authorise or requires offers, notices, information or any other documents to be sent, served, supplied or delivered by or to the Company. 141.3 Articles 141 to 147 do not affect any provision of the Companies Acts requiring offers, notices, information or documents to be sent, served, supplied or delivered in a particular way. - 60 -




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142 Notices to joint holders 142.1 Anything which needs to be agreed or specified by the joint holders of a share shall for all
purposes be taken to be agreed or specified by all the joint holders where it has been
agreed or specified by the joint holder whose name stands first in the Register in respect
of the share. Any offer, notice, information or any other document which is authorised or required to be
sent or supplied to joint holders of a share may be sent or supplied to the joint holder
whose name stands first in the Register in respect of the share, to the exclusion of the
other joint holders. For such purpose, a joint holder having no registered address in the
United Kingdom and not having supplied an address within the United Kingdom for the service
of notices may, subject to any Act applying to the Company, be disregarded. The provisions of this Article shall have effect, subject to the Companies Acts, in place of
the Company Communications Provisions regarding notices to joint holders. 142.2 142.3 143 Notices for shareholders with foreign addresses Subject to the Companies Acts and any other Act applying to the Company, the Company shall
not be required to send offers, notices, information or any other documents to a shareholder
who (having no registered address within the United Kingdom) has not supplied to the Company
a postal address within the United Kingdom for the service of notices. 144 When notices are served 144.1 144.2 If an offer, notice, information or any other document is delivered or served by hand, it is
treated as being delivered or served at the time it is handed to the shareholder or left at
his registered address. If an offer, notice, information or any other document (including a share certificate) is
sent or supplied by the Company in hard copy form, or in electronic form, but to be
delivered other than by electronic means, and which is sent by pre-paid post and properly
addressed shall be deemed to
have been received by the intended recipient at the expiration of 24 hours after the time it
was posted, and in proving such receipt it shall be sufficient to show that such offer,
notice, information or other document was properly addressed, pre-paid and posted. If an offer, notice, information or any other document is sent or supplied by the Company by
electronic means it shall be deemed to have been received by the intended recipient 2 hours
after it was transmitted, and in proving such receipt it shall be sufficient to show that
such offer, notice, information or other document was properly addressed. If an offer, notice, information or any other document is sent or supplied by the Company by
means of a website it shall be deemed to have been received when the material was first made
available on the website or, if later, when the recipient received (or is deemed to have
received) notice of the fact that the material was available on the website. This Article shall have effect, subject to any mandatory provision of the Companies Acts and
any other Act applying to the Company, in place of the Company Communications 144.3 144.4 144.5 - 61 -




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Provisions relating to when offers, notices, information or any other documents are deemed
delivered. Serving notices and documents on shareholders who have died or are bankrupt A person who claims to be entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a
shareholder or otherwise by operation of law shall supply to the Company: · such evidence as the Directors may reasonably require to show his title to the share;
and · an address within the United Kingdom for the service of notices, whereupon he shall be entitled to have served upon or delivered to him at such address any
offer, notice, information or any other document to which the said shareholder would have
been entitled, and such service or delivery shall for all purposes be deemed a sufficient
service or delivery of such offer, notice, information or any other document on all persons
interested (whether jointly with or claiming through or under him) in the share. Save as provided by paragraph 145.1, any offer, notice, information or any other document
delivered or sent to the address of any shareholder in pursuance of these Articles shall,
notwithstanding that such shareholder be then dead or bankrupt or in liquidation, and
whether or not the Company has notice of his death or bankruptcy or liquidation, be deemed
to have been duly delivered or sent in respect of any share registered in the name of such
shareholder as sole or first-named joint holder. The provisions of this Article shall have effect in place of the Company Communications
Provisions regarding the death or bankruptcy of a holder of shares in the Company. 145 145.1 145.2 145.3 146 If documents are accidentally not sent or the postal services are suspended 146.1 146.2 The accidental failure to send, or the non-receipt by any person entitled to any offer,
notice, information or any other document relating to any meeting or other proceeding shall
not invalidate the meeting or other proceeding. If at any time by reason of the suspension or curtailment of postal services within the
United Kingdom the Company is unable to give notice by post in hard copy form of a
shareholders meeting, such notice shall be deemed to have been given to all shareholders
entitled to receive such notice in hard copy form if such notice is advertised in at least
one national newspaper and such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the day when
the advertisement appears. In any such case, the Company shall (i) make such notice
available on its website from the date of such advertisement until the conclusion of the
meeting or any adjournment thereof and (ii) send confirmatory copies of the notice by post
to such shareholders if at least seven days prior to the meeting the posting of notices
again becomes practicable. 147 Signature or authentication of documents 147.1 Where these Articles require an offer, notice, information or any other document to be
signed or authenticated by a shareholder or any other person then any such offer, notice or
other document sent or supplied in electronic form or by means of a website shall be - 62 -




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sufficiently authenticated in any manner authorised by the Company Communications Provisions
or in such other manner approved by the Directors. The Directors may determine procedures for validating offers, notices, information or any
other documents sent or supplied in electronic form or by means of a website, and any offer,
notice, information or any other document, not validated in accordance with such procedures
shall be deemed not to have been received by the Company. MINUTES AND RECORDS 147.2 148 Minutes 148.1 The directors must ensure that minutes are entered in books kept for the purpose of: · all appointments of officers made by the directors; · the names of the directors present at each directors meeting and of any committee of
the directors; · all resolutions and proceedings at all General Meetings of the Company, the holders
of any class of shares in the Company, the directors and any committees of the directors; and every director present at any directors meeting or committee meeting must sign his name
in a book to be kept for that purpose. 148.2 If any such minute purports to be signed or authenticated by the chairman of the meeting at
which the proceedings took place or by the chairman of the next succeeding meeting this
shall be conclusive evidence of the proceedings. 149 Availability of records for inspection and notifying the Registrar of Companies 149.1 The Company must keep and make available for inspection as required by the Companies Acts: · a register of the directors and Secretary which must include all information required
by the Companies Acts (and from time to time the Company must notify the registrar of
companies of changes to the register and the date of the change in the manner required by
the Companies Acts); · copies and memoranda of directors service contracts with the Company and any of its
subsidiaries; · a register of directors interests in shares or debentures of the Company or any
other body corporate, being the Companys subsidiary or holding company or a subsidiary of
the Companys holding company. This register must be produced and remain open at each
Annual General Meeting; and · a register for recording information relating to interests in the share capital of
the · Company. - 63 -




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149.2 The directors must ensure that a register is kept in accordance with the Companies Acts
of all charges specifically affecting property of the Company and of all floating charges
relating to assets or property of the Company, and the directors must comply with the
Companies Acts in relation to registration of charges.
WINDING UP
150 Directors power to petition
The directors can present a petition to the Court in the name and on behalf of the
Company for the Company to be wound up.
151 Distribution of assets in kind
If the Company is wound up (whether the liquidation is voluntary, under supervision of the
Court, or by the Court) the liquidator can, with the authority of an extraordinary resolution
passed by the shareholders and any other sanction required by the Companies Acts,
divide among the shareholders the whole or any part of the assets of the Company. This
applies whether the assets consist of property of one kind or different kinds. For this purpose, the liquidator can place whatever value he considers fair upon any property and
decide how the division is carried out as between shareholders or different classes of
shareholders. The liquidator can also, with the authority of an extraordinary resolution
passed by the shareholders and any other sanction required by the Companies Acts,
transfer any part of the assets to trustees upon any trusts for the benefit of shareholders
which the liquidator decides. However no past or present shareholder can be compelled
to accept any shares or other securities under this Article which carry a liability.
DESTROYING DOCUMENTS
152 Destroying documents
152.1 The Company can destroy all:
forms of transfer of shares, and documents sent to support a transfer, and any
other documents which were the basis for making an entry on the Register, after
six years from the date of registration;
dividend payment instructions and notifications of a change of address or name,
after two years from the date these were registered; and
cancelled share certificates, one year after the date they were cancelled.
152.2 A document destroyed in accordance with Article 152.1 is conclusively treated as having
been a valid and effective document in accordance with the Companys records relating to
the document. Any action of the Company in dealing with the document in accordance
with its terms before it was destroyed is conclusively treated as properly taken.
152.3 Articles 152.1 and 152.2 only apply to documents which are destroyed in good faith and if
the Company has not been informed that keeping the documents is relevant to any claim. - 64 -




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152.4 For documents relating to shares in uncertificated form, the Company must also comply
with any rules (as defined in the CREST Regulations) which limit its ability to destroy
these documents.
152.5 This Article does not make the Company liable if it:
destroys a document earlier than referred to in Article 152.1; or
would not be liable if this Article did not exist.
152.6 This Article applies whether a document is destroyed or disposed of in any other manner.
INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE
153 Indemnity
153.1 So far as the Companies Acts allow, every director, Secretary or other officer of the
Company shall be indemnified by the Company out of its own funds against all costs,
charges, losses, expenses and liabilities incurred by him:
in performing or omitting to perform his duties; and/or
in exercising or omitting to exercise his powers; and/or
in purporting to do any of these things; and/or
otherwise in relation to or in connection with his duties, powers or office.
153.2 So far as the Companies Acts allow, the Secretary and other officers of the Company are
exempted from any liability to the Company where that liability would be covered by the
indemnity in Article 153.1.
153.3 So far as the Companies Acts allow, the Company or any of its subsidiary undertakings
may: (i) provide a director with funds to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him
in defending any civil or criminal proceedings, or in connection with any application under
the provisions of the Companies Act 1985 referred to in Section 337A(2) of the
Companies Act 1985; and (ii) do anything to enable a director to avoid incurring such
expenditure, but so that the terms set out in Section 337A(4) of the Companies Act 1985
shall apply to any such provision of funds or other things done.
154 Insurance
154.1 For the purpose of this Article each of the following is a Relevant Company: · the Company; · any holding company of the Company; · any company in which the Company or its holding company or any of the predecessors of
the Company or of its holding company has or had any interest, whether direct or indirect;
and · any company which is in any way allied to or associated with the Company, or any
subsidiary undertaking of the Company or such other company. - 65 -




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154.2 Without limiting Article 153 in any way, the directors can arrange for the Company to
purchase and maintain insurance for or for the benefit of any persons who are or were at
any time:
directors, officers or employees of any Relevant Company; or
trustees of any pension fund or employees share scheme in which employees of
any Relevant Company are interested.
This includes, for example, insurance against any liability incurred by them for any act or
omission:
in performing or omitting to perform their duties; and/or
in exercising or omitting to exercise their powers; and/or
in claiming to do any of these things; and/or
otherwise in relation to their duties, powers or offices.
SHARE WARRANTS
155 Issue of Share Warrants
155.1 The Company can issue Share Warrants which state that the bearer of the Share
Warrant (Bearer) is entitled to the shares specified in the Share Warrant. The
Company can only do this in a way which is allowed under the Companies Acts and in
Articles 155 to 162. Share Warrants can provide for the payment of future dividends and
other distributions relating to the shares. Payment can be made by exchanging coupons
which can be attached to the Share Warrants, or in any other way which the directors
determine.
155.2 The Bearer of a Share Warrant is entitled to the number of shares which are specified in
it. These shares can be transferred by one person delivering the Share Warrant to
another.
155.3 Subject to Article 155.2, the provisions of the Articles relating to share certificates and
transferring shares do not apply to Share Warrants.
155.4 Each Share Warrant must be issued under the Seal.
155.5 The directors can decide on the language and form of, and the number of shares
represented by, each Share Warrant.
156 Directors can accept a certificate instead of a Share Warrant
156.1 The directors can accept a certificate from the persons referred to in Article 156.2 stating
that they hold Share Warrants on behalf of someone named in the certificate as proof of
matters set out in such certificate. The certificate will be in such form as the directors
decide (including details of the number of shares to which the Share Warrant relates).
156.2 The only people who may deliver a certificate to the Company are the ADR Depositary or
any bank or agent which has been appointed by the Company. For the purposes of - 66 -




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Articles 155 to 161, the Company can treat the deposit of the certificate as though the
Share Warrant itself had been deposited at the Transfer Office. As long as the certificate is in a form agreed by the directors, the Company does not need
to make any further enquiry into the accuracy of the information contained in the
certificate. 156.3 157 Requesting a Share Warrant 157.1 157.2 A Share Warrant will only be issued if a shareholder requests in writing that a Share
Warrant is issued for some or all of the shares which are registered in his name. The request must be addressed to the directors at the Transfer Office. The directors can
specify the form of the request, and can require that evidence is sent with the request to
prove the identity of the person making the request and his right to the shares. The
directors do not have to agree to this request. Where a shareholder requests that Share Warrants are issued in relation to shares registered
in his name, and there are share certificates in respect of those shares, a Share Warrant
will only be issued once the share certificates have been delivered to the Transfer Office
for cancellation. A person who requests a Share Warrant (including a person requesting a Share Warrant in the
circumstances described in Article 158) is responsible (and will re-imburse the Company) for
all and any stamp duties, stamp duty reserve tax, bearer instrument duty, taxes, charges,
fees, interest and penalties payable in connection with the issue of the Share Warrants.
This Article 157.4 applies unless the person requesting the Share Warrant agrees otherwise
with the Company. 157.3 157.4 158 Replacing Share Warrants 158.1 If a Share Warrant is damaged or defaced, the Bearer can request a new one, once he returns
the damaged or defaced Share Warrant to the directors at the Transfer Office. Once any
payments of the types described in Article 157.4 are made (if any), a new Share Warrant will
be issued. If a Share Warrant is said to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the directors can issue a
replacement (although they do not have to do so). The directors can require satisfactory
evidence of the loss, theft or destruction, an indemnity, the payment of any exceptional out
of pocket expenses, and payments of the types described in Article 157.4 before issuing a
replacement. The Bearer can ask the directors to cancel his existing Share Warrant and replace it with
two (or more) Share Warrants which together represent the same number of shares which the
original single Share Warrant represented. The directors do not have to comply with this
request. If they do, the Bearer will have to surrender his original Share Warrant and can be
required by the directors to make any payments of the types described in Article 157.4
before the new Share Warrants are issued. 158.2 158.3 159 Rights of the Bearer 159.1 The Bearer (or a person who has deposited his Share Warrant in accordance with Article 159.2
or if the directors so decide, Article 156.2) shall be entitled to the same rights and be - 67 -




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subject to the same obligations as those to which he would be entitled or subject if he were
the registered holder of the shares to which the Share Warrant relates. This is subject to
the provisions of Articles 155 to 162. Where a Bearer deposits his Share Warrant, together with a declaration in writing giving his
name and address, at the Transfer Office (or some other place specified by the directors) he
has certain rights at any General Meeting provided that such Share Warrant is deposited at
least 48 hours in advance of such meeting. For as long as the Share Warrant remains so
deposited, the person who deposited it will have the following rights as if he were the
registered holder from the time of deposit of the shares specified in the Share Warrant at a
General Meeting: · the right to sign a form requiring a General Meeting; · the right to give notice of his intention to submit a resolution at a General
Meeting; · the right to attend, speak and vote, appoint a proxy and exercise the other rights of
a shareholder at a General Meeting. Any Share Warrant which is deposited in accordance with Article 159.2 must remain deposited
until the end of the General Meeting at which the person who deposited the Share Warrant
desires to attend or be represented. If a person presents a Share Warrant at the Transfer Office, the Company is entitled to
assume that this person is the owner of the Share Warrant. The Company can pay dividends or
moneys relating to the shares specified in the Share Warrant which are due to this person
either to such person or to an account specified by him. If the Company does this, it shall
have performed its obligation to pay that dividend or those moneys. 159.2 159.3 159.4 160 Bearers of Share Warrants participating in securities offers 160.1 In the case of a securities offer, there is no need to contact any Bearer individually.
Instead, all the Company need do is advertise the details of the securities offer in a
leading United Kingdom national daily newspaper (and any other newspapers the directors
decide on). If, following the publication of the advertisement referred to above, the Bearer deposits
the Share Warrant (or, if appropriate, the coupon attached to the Share Warrant) at the
Transfer Office (or some other place mentioned in the advertisement), within the time limit
set out in the securities offer, he shall have the same right to participate in the
securities offer as if he were the registered holder of the shares specified in the Share
Warrant. For the purposes of this Article, a securities offer means an offer of shares, securities or
debentures to shareholders or any class of shareholders, or a proposed issue of shares
pursuant to Article 134. 160.2 160.3 161 Communications with Bearers of Share Warrants 161.1 In the case of any communication (for example, a notice of General Meeting, a circular or
annual report) with shareholders, there is no need for the Company to contact any Bearer
individually. Instead, all the Company need do is advertise the communication in a leading
United Kingdom national daily newspaper (and any other newspapers the - 68 -




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directors decide on), giving an address where copies of the communication may be obtained by
the Bearer. The Company must communicate with the Bearer in a different way, if the London Stock
Exchange requires this. 161.2 162 Issuing shares to which the Share Warrant relates 162.1 The Bearer can ask to be registered as a shareholder (or that another person be so
registered) in respect of all or any of the shares specified in the Share Warrant. In order
to do so he must deposit at the Transfer Office (or another place specified by the
directors): · the Share Warrant; and · a signed declaration in a form agreed by the directors which sets out the names and
addresses of the persons, and the numbers of shares, in whose name he wishes such shares
to be registered. The Company will comply with a request made in accordance with Article 162.1 only upon the
payment (or reimbursement) by the Bearer of all and any stamp duties, stamp duty reserve
tax, bearer instrument duty, taxes, charges, fees, interest and penalties payable in
connection with the issue of the shares. The Company may, however, agree that any such taxes
or costs do not have to be paid by the Bearer. If the Company complies with a request made in accordance with Article 162.1, the person
named in the declaration will be entitled to have his name entered as a member in the Register in
respect of the shares specified in the declaration and to receive a share certificate for
them. If the declaration does not deal with all the shares to which the Share Warrant relates, a
new Share Warrant for the remaining shares will be issued, without charge, to the person who
deposited the old Share Warrant. The new Share Warrant will only be issued upon the
cancellation of the old Share Warrant. ADR DEPOSITARY 162.2 162.3 162.4 163 ADR Depositary can appoint proxies 163.1 The ADR Depositary can appoint more than one person to be its proxy. As long as the
appointment complies with the requirements in Article 163.2, the appointment can be made in
any way and on any terms which the ADR Depositary thinks fit. Each person appointed in this
way is called an Appointed Proxy. The appointment must set out the number of shares in relation to which an Appointed Proxy is
appointed. This number is called the Appointed Number. The Appointed Numbers of all
Appointed Proxies appointed by the ADR Depositary, when added together, must not be more
than the number of Depositary Shares (as calculated in Article 163.3). The Depositary Shares attributable to the ADR Depositary consist of the total of the number
of shares: - 69 -




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163.2 163.3 · registered in the name of the ADR Depositary; · represented by Share Warrants which have been deposited by the ADR Depositary with
the Company in accordance with Article 159; and · represented by Share Warrants which are set out in a certificate from the ADR
Depositary accepted by the directors in accordance with Article 156. 164 The ADR Depositary must keep a Proxy Register 164.1 The ADR Depositary must keep a register of the names and addresses of all the Appointed Proxies. This is called the Proxy Register. The Proxy Register will also set out
the Appointed Number of shares of each Appointed Proxy. This can be shown by setting out the
number of American Depositary Receipts which each Appointed Proxy holds and stating that the
Appointed Number of shares can be ascertained by multiplying the said number of American
Depositary Receipts by such number which for the time being is equal to the number of shares
which any one American Depositary Receipt represents. The ADR Depositary must let anyone whom the directors nominate inspect the Proxy Register
during usual business hours on a working day. The ADR Depositary must also provide, as soon
as possible, any information contained in the Proxy Register if it is demanded by the
Company or its agents. 164.2 165 Appointed Proxies can only attend General Meetings if properly appointed An Appointed Proxy may only attend a General Meeting if he provides the Company with
evidence in writing of his appointment by the ADR Depositary for that General Meeting. This
must be in a form agreed between the directors and the ADR Depositary. 166 Rights of Appointed Proxies Subject to the Companies Acts and these Articles and so long as the Depositary Shares are
sufficient to include an Appointed Proxys Appointed Number: · at a General Meeting which an Appointed Proxy is entitled to attend, he is entitled
to the same rights and has the same obligations in relation to his Appointed Number of
            shares as if the ADR Depositary was the registered holder of such shares and he had been
validly appointed in accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 78 by the ADR Depositary as its
proxy in relation to those shares; and · an Appointed Proxy can himself appoint another person to be his proxy in relation to
his Appointed Number of shares, as long as the appointment is made and deposited in
accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 78 and, if it is, the provisions of these Articles
will apply to such an appointment as though the Appointed Proxy was the registered holder
of such shares and the appointment was made by him in that capacity. - 70 -




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167 Sending information to an Appointed Proxy
The Company can send to an Appointed Proxy at his address in the Proxy Register all
the same documents which are sent to shareholders.
168 The Company can pay dividends to an Appointed Proxy
The Company can pay to an Appointed Proxy at his address in the Proxy Register all
dividends or other moneys relating to the Appointed Proxys Appointed Number of
            shares instead of paying this amount to the ADR Depositary. If the Company does this, it
will not have any obligation to make this payment to the ADR Depositary as well.
169 The Proxy Register may be fixed at a certain date
169.1 In order to determine which persons are entitled as Appointed Proxies to:
exercise the rights conferred by Article 166;
receive documents sent pursuant to Article 167; and
be paid dividends pursuant to Article 168
and the Appointed Number of shares in respect of which a person is to be treated as
having been appointed as an Appointed Proxy for such purpose, the ADR Depositary may determine that the Appointed Proxies who are entitled are the persons entered in
the Proxy Register at the close of business on a date (a Record Date) determined by
the ADR Depositary in consultation with the Company.
169.2 When a Record Date is determined for a particular purpose:
the Appointed Number of shares in respect of an Appointed Proxy will be
treated as the number appearing against his name in the Proxy Register as at the
close of business on the Record Date;
this can be shown by setting out the number of American Depositary Receipts
which each Appointed Proxy holds and stating that the number of shares can be
ascertained by multiplying the said number of American Depositary Receipts by
such number which for the time being is equal to the number of shares which any
one American Depositary Receipt represents; and
changes to entries in the Proxy Register after the close of business on the
Record Date will be ignored in determining the entitlement of any person for the
purpose concerned.
170 The nature of an Appointed Proxys interest Except as required by the Companies Acts, no Appointed Proxy will be recognised by the
Company as holding any interest in shares upon any trust. Except for recognising the rights
given in relation to General Meetings by appointments made by Appointed Proxies pursuant to
Article 166, the Company is entitled to treat any person entered in the Proxy Register as an
Appointed Proxy as the only person (other than the ADR Depositary) who has any interest in
the shares in respect of which the Appointed Proxy has been appointed. - 71 -




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171 Validity of the appointment of Appointed Proxies 171.1 If any question arises as to whether any particular person or persons has or have been
validly appointed to vote (or exercise any other right) in respect of any shares (for
example because the total number of shares in respect of which appointments are recorded in
the Proxy Register is more than the number of Depositary Shares) this question will, if it
arises at or in relation to a General Meeting be determined by the chairman of the General
Meeting. His decision (which can include declining to recognise a particular appointment or
appointments as valid) will, if made in good faith, be final and binding on all persons
interested. If a question of the type described in Article 171.1 arises in any circumstances other than
at or in relation to a General Meeting, the question will be determined by the directors.
Their decision (which can include declining to recognise a particular appointment or
appointments as valid) will also, if made in good faith, be final and binding on all persons
interested. Rights and Restrictions Attached to the B Shares 171.2 172 Definitions The following definitions will apply solely in Articles 172 to 189: · B Share Continuing Dividend means the non-cumulative preferential dividend payable on
a Dividend Payment Date in relation to each B Share at the rate (on the nominal value
thereof) of 75
per cent. of Sterling LIBOR calculated in accordance with these Articles; · B Share Dividend Calculation Period means each 6 month period within the · Future Redemption Period ending on either 4 February or 4 August used for the
calculation of the B Share Continuing Dividend on the B Shares, the first such period
commencing on 5 August 2006 and ending on 4 February 2007 provided that B Shares which are
redeemed on the First Redemption Date or converted into Deferred Shares on 7 August 2006
will not qualify for the payment of any B Share Continuing Dividend; · B Shares means redeemable non-cumulative preference shares of 15 pence each in the
capital of the Company; · Business Day means a day (other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday) on which
pounds sterling deposits may be dealt in on the London inter-bank market and commercial
banks are open for general business in London; · CREST means the relevant system (as defined in the Uncertificated Securities
Regulations 2001) in respect of which CRESTCo Limited is the Operator (as defined in such
regulations); · Deferred Shares means the unlisted deferred shares of 15 pence each, the rights and
restrictions attached to which are set out in Articles 182 to 188; · Dividend Payment Dates means 5 February and 5 August in each year within the · Future Redemption Period (or, if not a Business Day, the next Business Day - 72 -




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(without any interest or payment in respect of the delay)) and Dividend Payment Date will be
construed accordingly; · Election means an election by shareholders in relation to their B Shares to (i)
accept an initial redemption of the B Shares; (ii) receive an initial dividend on the B
Shares; or (iii) accept a future redemption of the B Shares, either by completing, signing
and returning the election form which was enclosed with the circular to shareholders dated
13 June 2006, or by submitting an Unmatched Stock Event instruction through CREST; · First Redemption Date means 4 August 2006; · Future Redemption Date means 5 February and/or 5 August in any calendar year within
the Future Redemption Period; · Future Redemption Form means the form, printed on the reverse of each B Share
certificate, by means of which shareholders holding their B Shares in certificated form
may elect to have their B Shares redeemed on a Future Redemption Date; · Future Redemption Period means the period beginning on 5 August 2006 and ending on 4
August 2008; · Sterling LIBOR means the rate for 6-month deposits in pounds sterling for a period of
designated maturity which appears on the Reuters screen ISDA page (or such other page or
service as may replace it for the purpose of displaying London inter-bank offered rates of
leading banks for pounds sterling deposits as determined by the Company) as at 11.00 a.m.
on the first Business Day of each · B Share Dividend Calculation Period; · US Shareholders means shareholders (beneficial or otherwise) who have an address in
the United States on the Companys register of members or who are physically located in
the United States. 173 Income 173.1 If the Company has profits which are available for distribution and the Directors resolve
that these should be distributed, the holders of the B Shares will be entitled, before the payment of
dividends or other distributions to the holders of Ordinary Shares but after the payment of
the preferential dividend on the Fixed Rate Shares, to be paid the B Share Continuing
Dividend. The B Share Continuing Dividend will be paid at the rate (on the nominal value of
the B Shares which is paid up or treated as paid up) of 75 per cent. of Sterling LIBOR, in
arrears half yearly on the Dividend Payment Dates. The first Dividend Payment Date will be 5
February 2007 which will cover the period from 5 August 2006 to 4 February 2007. B Shares
which are redeemed on the First Redemption Date or which are converted into Deferred Shares
will not qualify for the payment of any B Share Continuing Dividend. Payments of B Share Continuing Dividends will be made to holders of B Shares whose names
appear on the relevant register of members of the Company, if the relevant Dividend Payment
Date is 5 February at the close of business on 21 January in the same calendar year and if
the relevant Dividend Payment Date is 5 August at the close of business on 21 July in the
same calendar year. The aggregate entitlement on a Dividend - 73 -




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173.2 Payment Date of each holder of B Shares in respect of the B Share Continuing Dividend on all
B Shares held by him will be rounded down to the nearest whole penny. 173.3 The B Shares will not confer any other right to share in the Companys profits. 174 Capital 174.1 If the Company is wound up (but in no other circumstances involving a repayment of capital
or distribution of assets to shareholders whether by reduction of capital, redeeming or
buying back shares or otherwise), the holders of B Shares will be entitled, before any
payment to the holders of Ordinary Shares but after any payment to the holders of Fixed Rate
Shares, to repayment of the amount paid up or treated as paid up on the nominal value of
each B Share, together with any outstanding entitlement to the B Share Continuing Dividend
up to the Dividend Payment Date immediately before the winding-up. The aggregate entitlement
of each holder of B Shares on a winding-up in respect of all of the B Shares held by him
will be rounded down to the nearest whole penny. The holders of B Shares will not have any other right to share in the Companys surplus
assets. If there is a winding-up to which Article 174.1 applies and there is not enough to
pay the amounts due on the B Shares, the holders of the B Shares will share what is
available in proportion to the amounts to which they would otherwise be entitled. 174.2 175 Redemption The Company may (in accordance with the Companies Acts and the provisions of these Articles)
redeem the B Shares in accordance with the following provisions: 175.1 Unless redeemed earlier, on 5 August 2008. 175.2 175.3 Holders of B Shares who have made an Election by 3.00 p.m. on 3 August 2006 (or any later
date the Directors may decide) to have some or all of their B Shares redeemed will be able
to have that number of B Shares redeemed on the First Redemption Date. After the First Redemption Date, holders of B Shares will be able to elect to have any
outstanding B Shares redeemed on a Future Redemption Date (or, if not a Business Day, the
next Business Day (without any interest or payment in respect of the delay)) by returning a
Future Redemption Form or submitting an Unmatched Stock Event instruction, as applicable. If
a Future Redemption Form or an Unmatched Stock Event instruction is returned for settlement
for all or part of their B Shares then in issue by: · 5.00 p.m. on 21 January (or any later date the Directors may decide) in the calendar
years 2007 and/or 2008, the relevant B Shares will be redeemed on 5 February (or, if not a
Business Day, the next Business Day (without any interest or payment for the delay)) in
such calendar year; and · 5.00 p.m. on 21 July (or any later date the Directors may decide) in the calendar
years 2007 and/or 2008, the relevant B Shares will be redeemed on 5 August (or, if not a
Business Day, the next Business Day (without any interest or payment for the delay)) in
such calendar year. Each holder of a B Share that is redeemed (excluding B Shares that are redeemed on the First
Redemption Date), will be paid a sum equal to the nominal value of that B Share, plus the B
Share Continuing Dividend for the relevant B Share Dividend Calculation - 74 -




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175.4 Period. Each holder of a B Share that is redeemed on the First Redemption Date will be paid
a sum equal to the nominal value of that B Share but no B Share Continuing Dividend will be
payable on such B Share. The total entitlement of a holder of B Shares to the nominal value
of the B Shares being redeemed, plus any B Share Continuing Dividend payable on those B
Shares, will be rounded down to the nearest whole penny. On or after the redemption of any B Shares (in accordance with these Articles), the
Directors may (in accordance with the Companies Acts) consolidate and/or subdivide and/or
convert and/or reclassify the authorised B Share capital of the Company (including any
unissued authorised B Share capital) (i) into shares of another class (provided the
authorised share capital of the Company now or at that time includes shares of that class)
and/or (ii) into unclassified shares. US Shareholders and holders of American Depositary Receipts are not eligible to participate
in any redemption of the B Shares. Any purported Elections to redeem B Shares by US
Shareholders or holders of American Depositary Receipts will be treated as invalid and
disregarded. 175.5 175.6 176 Initial B Share Dividend 176.1 The holders of B Shares will be entitled to a dividend of 15 pence per B Share (the Initial
B Share Dividend) provided their names are entered on the register of members of the Company
on issue of the B Shares and they have notified the Companys registrar by validly making an
Election on or before 3.00 p.m. on 3 August 2006 (or any later date the Directors may
decide) indicating that they wish to receive the Initial B Share Dividend. Each B Share, in
respect of which the Initial B Share Dividend is payable, will at 9.00 a.m. on 7 August 2006
(or any other date the Directors may decide) be converted into a Deferred Share of 15 pence
nominal value. The rights and restrictions attaching to the Deferred Shares are set out in
Articles 182 to 188. US Shareholders and holders of American Depositary Receipts will automatically receive the
Initial B Share Dividend without making an Election. 176.2 177 Voting at General Meetings 177.1 The holders of B Shares will only receive notice of general meetings of the Company and will
only be able to attend, speak and vote at such general meetings if a resolution is to be
proposed at the general meeting to wind up the Company, in which case the holders of B
Shares will receive notice of the general meeting and will have the right to attend, speak
and vote on that resolution only. If the holders of the B Shares are entitled to vote at a general meeting of the Company,
each holder present in person or by proxy (or, being a company, by representative) will have
one vote on a show of hands, and on a poll every holder who is present in person or by proxy
(or, being a company, by a company representative) will have one vote for each fully paid B
Share. 177.2 - 75 -




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178 Purchase of Shares The Company will not require the sanction or the consent of the holders of B Shares for the
purchase or redemption of shares of any class in the Company (including, without limitation,
Fixed Rate Shares, Ordinary Shares and/or B Shares). 179 Class Rights 179.1 The Company may from time to time issue new shares which have rights or restrictions
attaching to them. The rights of the new shares can take priority over the rights of the B
Shares. The issue of any such new shares will be in accordance with the rights attaching to
the B Shares and will not involve a variation of those rights or require the consent of
holders of the B Shares. The Company may reduce the share capital paid up or treated as paid up on the B Shares in
any way (in accordance with the Companies Acts). Any such reduction will be in accordance
with the rights attaching to the B Shares and will not involve a variation of those rights.
The Company can reduce its capital (in accordance with the Companies Acts) at any time without the consent of the
holders of the B Shares including by paying to the holders of B Shares the preferential
amounts they are entitled to as set out in Article 174. 179.2 180 Form The holders of B Shares cannot renounce their B Shares. Any transfer of B Shares must be
effected in writing and either in the usual or standard form or in any other form approved
by the Directors. Every transfer of uncertificated B Shares must be carried out using a
relevant system (e.g. CREST). For the avoidance of doubt B Shares will be redeemed in
accordance with Article 175. 181 Deletion of Articles 172 to 181 when no B Shares in existence 181.1 Articles 172 to 181 shall remain in force until there are no longer any B Shares in
existence whether by way of conversion into Deferred Shares or redemption and cancellation
or until 31 December 2008, whichever is earlier, notwithstanding any provision in these
Articles to the contrary. Thereafter Articles 172 to 181 shall be and shall be deemed to be
of no effect (save to the extent that the provisions of 172 to 181 are referred to in other
Articles) and shall be deleted and replaced with the wording Articles 172 to 181 have been
deleted, and the separate register for the holders of B Shares shall no longer be required
to be maintained by the Company; but the validity of anything done under Articles 172 to 181
before that date shall not otherwise be affected and any actions taken under Articles 172 to
181 before that date shall be conclusive and shall not be open to challenge on any grounds
whatsoever. Rights and Restrictions Attached to the Deferred Shares 182 Income The Deferred Shares will confer no right to share in the Companys profits. - 76 -




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183 Capital
183.1 If the Company is wound up (but in no other circumstances involving a repayment of
capital or distribution of assets to shareholders whether by reduction of capital, redeeming
or buying back shares or otherwise), the holders of Deferred Shares will be entitled to the
amount paid up or treated as paid up on the nominal value of each Deferred Share after:
first, paying to the holders of Fixed Rate Shares the amount paid up or treated as
paid up on the nominal value of each Fixed Rate Share, together with any
dividend, arrears of dividend or proportion of any dividend to which they are
entitled under these Articles;
secondly, paying to the holders of B Shares the amount paid up or treated as paid
up on the nominal value of each B Share together with any outstanding entitlement
to the B Share Continuing Dividend up to the Dividend Payment Date
immediately before the winding-up; and
thirdly, paying to the holders of Ordinary Shares the amount paid up or treated as
paid up on the nominal value of each Ordinary Share together with the sum of
£1,000 on each Ordinary Share.
183.2 The holders of Deferred Shares have no further right to share in the Companys surplus assets.
184 Redemption
184.1 The Company may, at any time (in accordance with the Companies Acts and the
provisions of these Articles) without prior notice, redeem all Deferred Shares for a total
price of not more than one penny for all Deferred Shares redeemed.
185 Attendance and voting at general meetings
The holders of the Deferred Shares will not receive notice of any general meeting of the
Company or be able to attend, speak or vote at any general meeting.
186 Form
The Deferred Shares will not be listed on any stock exchange and no share certificates
will be issued for the Deferred Shares. The Deferred Shares will not be transferable
except in accordance with Article 188 or with the consent in writing of the Directors.
187 Class rights
187.1 The Company may from time to time issue new shares which have rights or restrictions
attaching to them. The rights of the new shares can take priority over the rights of the
Deferred Shares. The issue of any such new shares will be in accordance with the rights
attaching to the Deferred Shares and will not involve a variation of those rights or require
the consent of the holders of the Deferred Shares.
187.2 The Company may reduce the share capital paid up or treated as paid up on the Deferred
Shares in any way (in accordance with the Companies Acts). Any such reduction will be
in accordance with the rights attaching to the Deferred Shares and will not involve a
  77 - variation of those rights. The Company can reduce its capital (in accordance with the
Companies Acts) at any time without the consent of the holders of the Deferred Shares. 188 Transfer and purchase The Company can at any time (in accordance with the Companies Acts) without the consent of
the holders of the Deferred Shares: · appoint any person to sign (on behalf of the holders of the Deferred Shares) a
transfer of all or any part of their holding to the Company or any other person the
Directors decide (whether or not an officer of the Company), for a total price of not more
than one penny for all Deferred Shares transferred; and · cancel all the Deferred Shares purchased by the Company (in accordance with the
Companies Acts). 189 Deletion of Article 182 to 189 when no Deferred Shares in existence Articles 182 to 189 shall remain in force until there are no longer any Deferred Shares in
existence or until 31 December 2008, whichever is earlier, notwithstanding any provision in
these Articles to the contrary. Thereafter Articles 182 to 189 shall be and shall be deemed
to be of no effect (save to the extent that the provisions of Articles 182 to 189 are
referred to in other Articles) and shall be deleted and replaced with the wording Articles
182 to 189 have been deleted, and the separate register for the holders of Deferred Shares
shall no longer be required to be maintained by the Company; but the validity of anything
done under Articles 182 to 189 before that date shall not otherwise be affected and any
actions taken under Articles 182 to 189 before that date shall be conclusive and shall not
be open to challenge on any grounds whatsoever. Approved Depositaries 190 Appointments 190.1 Subject to these Articles and the relevant Act or Acts, an Approved Depositary can appoint
as its proxy or proxies in relation to any Ordinary Shares which it holds, anyone it thinks
fit and can decide how and on what terms to appoint them. Each appointment must state the
number of Ordinary Shares it relates to and the total number of Ordinary Shares in respect
of which appointments exist at any time must not be more than the total number of Depositary
Shares which are registered in the name of the Approved Depositary or its nominee at that
time. The Approved Depositary must keep a register (the Nominated Proxy Register) of each person
it has appointed as a Nominated Proxy under Article 190.1 and the Appointed Number. The
directors will decide what information about each Nominated Proxy is to be recorded in the
Nominated Proxy Register. Any person authorised by the Company may inspect the Nominated
Proxy Register during usual business hours and the Approved Depositary will give such person
any information which he requests as to the contents of the Nominated Proxy Register. 190.2 - 78 -




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variation of those rights. The Company can reduce its capital (in accordance with the Companies Acts) at any time without the consent of the holders of the Deferred Shares.
188 Transfer and purchase
The Company can at any time (in accordance with the Companies Acts) without the consent of the holders of the Deferred Shares:
appoint any person to sign (on behalf of the holders of the Deferred Shares) a transfer of all or any part of their holding to the Company or any other person the Directors decide (whether or not an officer of the Company), for a total price of not more than one penny for all Deferred Shares transferred; and
cancel all the Deferred Shares purchased by the Company (in accordance with the Companies Acts).
189 Deletion of Article 182 to 189 when no Deferred Shares in existence
Articles 182 to 189 shall remain in force until there are no longer any Deferred Shares in existence or until 31 December 2008, whichever is earlier, notwithstanding any provision in these Articles to the contrary. Thereafter Articles 182 to 189 shall be and shall be deemed to be of no effect (save to the extent that the provisions of Articles 182 to 189 are referred to in other Articles) and shall be deleted and replaced with the wording Articles 182 to 189 have been deleted, and the separ
ate register for the holders of Deferred Shares shall no longer be required to be maintained by the Company; but the validity of anything done under Articles 182 to 189 before that date shall not otherwise be affected and any actions taken under Articles 182 to 189 before that date shall be conclusive and shall not be open to challenge on any grounds whatsoever.
Approved Depositaries
190 Appointments
190.1 Subject to these Articles and the relevant Act or Acts, an Approved Depositary can appoint as its proxy or proxies in relation to any Ordinary Shares which it holds, anyone it thinks fit and can decide how and on what terms to appoint them. Each appointment must state the number of Ordinary Shares it relates to and the total number of Ordinary Shares in respect of which appointments exist at any time must not be more than the total number of Depositary Shares which are registered in the name of the Ap
proved Depositary or its nominee at that time.
190.2 The Approved Depositary must keep a register (the Nominated Proxy Register) of each person it has appointed as a Nominated Proxy under Article 190.1 and the Appointed Number. The directors will decide what information about each Nominated Proxy is to be recorded in the Nominated Proxy Register. Any person authorised by the Company may inspect the Nominated Proxy Register during usual business hours and the Approved Depositary will give such person any information which he requests as to the conte
nts of the Nominated Proxy Register.




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191 Rights of Nominated Proxies 191.1 A Nominated Proxy may only attend a General Meeting if he provides the Company with evidence
in writing of his appointment as such. This must be in a form agreed between the directors
and the Approved Depositary. 191.2 Subject to these Articles and the relevant Act or Acts, and so long as the Approved
Depositary or a nominee of the Approved Depositary holds at least his Appointed Number of
Ordinary Shares, a Nominated Proxy is entitled to attend a General Meeting which holders of
Ordinary Shares are entitled to attend, and he is entitled to the same rights, and subject
to the same obligations, in relation to his Appointed Number of Depositary Shares as if he
had been validly appointed in accordance with Articles 76 to 80 by the registered holder of
these shares as its proxy in relation to those shares. A Nominated Proxy may appoint another person as his proxy for his Appointed Number of
Depositary Shares, as long as the appointment is made and deposited in accordance with
Articles 76 to 82, and these Articles apply to that appointment and to the person so
appointed as though those Depositary Shares were registered in the name of the Nominated
Proxy and the appointment was made by him in that capacity. The directors may require such
evidence as they think appropriate to decide that such appointment is effective. For the purposes of determining who is entitled as a Nominated Proxy to exercise the rights
conferred by Articles 191.2 and 191.3 and the number of Depositary Shares in respect of
which a person is to be treated as having been appointed as a Nominated Proxy for these
purposes, the Approved Depositary can decide that the Nominated Proxies who are so entitled
are the people entered in the Nominated Proxy Register at a time and on a date (a Record
Time) agreed between the Approved Depositary and the Company. 191.3 191.4 191.5 When a Record Time is decided for a particular purpose:- · a Nominated Proxy is to be treated as having been appointed for that purpose for the
number of shares appearing against his name in the Nominated Proxy Register as at the
Record Time; and · changes to entries in the Nominated Proxy Register after the Record Time will be
ignored for this purpose. 191.6 Except for recognising the rights given in relation to General Meetings by appointments made
by Nominated Proxies pursuant to Article 191.3, the Company is entitled to treat any person
entered in the Nominated Proxy Register as a Nominated Proxy as the only person (other than
the Approved Depositary) who has any interest in the Depositary Shares in respect of which
the Nominated Proxy has been appointed. At a General Meeting the Chairman has the final decision as to whether any person has the
right to vote or exercise any other right relating to any Depositary Shares. In any other
situation, the Directors have the final decision as to whether any person has the right to
exercise any right relating to any Depositary Shares. 191.7 - 79 -




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Glossary About the glossary This glossary is to help readers understand the Companys Articles of Association. Words are
explained as they are used in the Articles  they might mean different things in other documents.
The glossary is not legally part of the Articles, and it does not affect their meaning. The
definitions are intended to be a general guide  they are not precise. abrogate If the special rights of a share are abrogated, they are cancelled or withdrawn. accrue If interest is accruing, it is running or mounting up, day by day. adjourned In relation to a shareholders meeting, means that the meeting has come to an end for the
time being, to be continued at a later time or day, at the same or a different place and adjourned
and adjourn shall be construed accordingly. agent A person who has been appointed to act for another person. allot When new shares are allotted, they are set aside for the person they are intended for. This
will normally be after the person has agreed to pay for a new share, or has become entitled to a
new share for any other reason. As soon as a share is allotted, that person gets the right to have
his name put on the register of shareholders. When he has been registered, the share has also been issued. allottee A person to whom a share is allotted (see renunciation). asset Any property of any description which is of any value to its owner. attorney An attorney is a person who has been appointed to act for another person in a particular
way. The person is appointed by a formal document, called a power of attorney. automatically entitled to a share by law In some situations, a person will be entitled to have
shares which are registered in somebody elses name registered in his own name. Or he can require
the shares to be transferred to another person. When a shareholder dies, or the sole survivor of
joint shareholders dies, his personal representatives have this right. If a shareholder is made
bankrupt, his trustee in bankruptcy has the right. beneficial interest A person on whose behalf or for whose benefit a trustee holds shares has a
beneficial interest in those shares. brokerage Commission which is paid to a broker by a company issuing shares, where the brokers
clients have applied for shares. call A call to pay money which is due on shares which has not yet been paid. This happens if the
Company issues shares which are partly paid, where money remains to be paid to the Company for the
shares. The money which has not been paid can be called for. If all the money to be paid on a
share has been paid, the share is called a fully paid share. capitalise To convert some or all of the reserves of a company into capital (such as shares). capital redemption reserve A reserve of funds which a company may have to set up to ensure that the
Companys capital base remains the same when shares are redeemed or bought back. It is equivalent
to the amount by which the Companys issued share capital is reduced by the redemption or purchase. - 80 -




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casual vacancy A vacancy amongst the directors which occurs by reason of the death, resignation or
disqualification of a director, or from the failure of an elected director to accept his
appointment, or for any other reason except the retirement of a director in accordance with the Articles. charge See lien and charge. company representative If a company owns shares, it can appoint a company representative to attend
a shareholders meeting to speak and vote for it. consolidate When shares are consolidated, they are combined with other shares. For example, every
three £1 shares might be consolidated into one new £3 share. cumulative dividends If a dividend which is cumulative cannot be paid in one year because the
company does not have enough profits to cover the payment, the shareholder has the right to receive
the dividend in a future year, when the company has enough profits to pay the dividend. Compare
this with a non-cumulative dividend. debenture A typical debenture is a type of long-term borrowing by a company. The loan usually has
to be repaid at a fixed date in the future, and carries a fixed rate of interest. declare Generally, when a final dividend is declared, it becomes due to be paid. dividend arrears Any dividend arrears. This includes any dividends on shares with cumulative rights
which could not be paid, but which have been carried forward. dividend warrant A dividend warrant is similar to a cheque for a dividend. documents of title The documents which show that a person owns something (for example, a share
certificate). ex-dividend When a share goes ex-dividend, a person who buys it will not be entitled to the
dividend which has been declared shortly before he bought it. When a share has gone ex-dividend,
the seller is entitled to this dividend, even though it will be paid after he has sold his share. executed A document is executed when it is signed, authenticated or sealed or made valid in some
other way. exercise When a power is exercised, it is put to use. extraordinary resolution A decision reached by a majority of at least 75 per cent. of votes cast.
The Companies Acts requires extraordinary resolutions to be passed in certain situations. forfeit When a share is forfeited it is taken away from the shareholder and becomes the property of
the Company which can do with it as it likes. This process is called forfeiture. This can happen
if a call on a partly-paid share is not paid on time. fully-paid shares When all of the money which is due to the Company for a share has been paid, a
share is called a fully paid share. good title If a person has good title to a share, he owns it outright. holding Company A company which controls another company (for example by owning a majority of its
shares) is called the holding company of that other company. The other company is the subsidiary of
the holding company. - 81 -




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indemnity If a person gives another person an indemnity, he promises to make good any losses or
damage which the other might suffer. The person who gives the indemnity is said to indemnify the
other person. in issue See issue. instruments Formal legal documents. issue When a share has been issued, everything has been done to make the shareholder the owner of
the share. In particular, the shareholders name has been put on the Register of shareholders.
Existing shares which have been issued are in issue. liabilities Debts and other obligations. liable jointly and severally Where more than one person is liable jointly and severally it means
that any one of them may be sued, or they can all be sued together. lien and charge Where the Company has a lien and charge over shares, it can take the dividends, and
any other payments relating to the shares which it has a charge over, or it can sell the shares, to
repay the debt and so on. members means shareholders. negotiable instrument A document such as a cheque, which can be freely transferred from one person
to another. nominal value The nominal value of the share. The nominal value of the US$0.10 Ordinary Shares is
US$0.10. This value is shown on the share certificate for a share, if there is one. When the
Company issues new shares this can be for a price which is at a premium to the nominal value. When
shares are bought and sold on the stock market this can be for more, or less, than the nominal
value. The nominal value is sometimes also called the par value. non-cumulative dividends If a dividend which is non-cumulative cannot be paid in one year because
the Company does not have enough profits available to cover the payment, the shareholder does not
have the right to receive the dividend in a future year. This is the opposite to a cumulative
dividend. objects of a Company The business activities that the Company is authorised to carry on. The
Companys objects are set out in Clause 4 of its Memorandum. office copy An exact copy of an official document, supplied by the office which holds, or issued,
the original. ordinary resolution A decision reached by a simple majority of votes  that is by more than 50 per
cent. of the votes cast. par value See nominal value. partly paid shares If any money remains to be paid on a share, it is said to be partly paid. The
unpaid money can be called for. personal representatives A person who is entitled to deal with the property (the estate) of a
person who has died. If the person who has died left a valid will, the will appoints executors
who are personal representatives. If the person died without a will, the courts will appoint one or
more administrators to be the personal representatives. poll A poll vote is usually a card vote but to the extent permitted by the Companies Acts may be an
electronic vote. On a poll vote, the number of votes which a shareholder has will depend on - 82 -




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the number of shares which he owns. An Ordinary Shareholder has one vote for each share he owns. A
poll vote is different to a show of hands vote, where each person who is entitled to vote has just
one vote, however many shares he owns. power of attorney A formal document which legally appoints one or more persons to act on behalf of another person. pre-emption rights The right of some shareholders which is given by the Companies Acts to be
offered a proportion of certain classes of newly issued shares and other securities before they are
offered to anyone else. This offer must be made on terms which are at least as favourable as the
terms offered to anyone else. premium If the Company issues a new share for more than its nominal value (for example because the
market value is more than the nominal value), the amount above the nominal value is the premium. proxy A proxy is a person who is appointed by a shareholder to attend a shareholders meeting and
vote for that shareholder. A proxy is appointed by using a proxy form. A proxy does not have to be
a shareholder. At a shareholders meeting a proxy can vote on a poll and, if the Articles permit,
he can also vote on a show of hands and speak. proxy form A form which a shareholder uses to appoint a proxy to attend a shareholders meeting and
vote for him. The proxy form must be delivered to the Company before the meeting to which it
relates. quorum The minimum number of shareholders or directors who must be present before a meeting can
start. When this number is reached, the meeting is said to be quorate. rank & ranking When either capital or income is distributed to shareholders, it is paid out
according to the rank (or ranking) of the shares. For example, a share which ranks before (or ahead
of) another share in sharing in the Companys income is entitled to have its dividends paid first,
before any dividends are paid on shares which rank behind (or after) it. If there is not enough
income to pay dividends on all shares, the available income must be used first to pay dividends on
shares which rank ahead, and then to shares which rank behind. The same applies for repayments of
capital. Capital must be paid first to shares which rank ahead in sharing in the Companys capital,
and then to shares which rank behind. The Companys Fixed Rate Shares rank ahead of its Ordinary
Shares. Where certain shares rank equally with other shares, both types of shares have the same
rights as each other. recognised clearing house A clearing house which has been authorised to carry on business by the
UK authorities. A clearing house is a central computer system for settling transactions between
members of the clearing house. recognised investment exchange An investment exchange which has been officially recognised by the
UK authorities. An investment exchange is a place where investments, such as shares, are traded.
The London Stock Exchange is a recognised investment exchange. redeem and redemption When a share is redeemed, it is effectively bought back by the Company in
return for a sum of money (the redemption price) which was fixed before the share was issued.
This process is called redemption. A share which can be redeemed is called a redeemable share. relevant system This is a term used in the CREST Regulations for a computer-based system which
allows shares without share certificates to be transferred without using transfer forms. The CREST
system for paperless share dealing is a relevant system. - 83 -




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renunciation Where a share has been allotted, but no one has been entered on the share register as
the holder of the share, it can be renounced by the allottee to another person. This transfers the
right to be registered as the holder of the share to another person. This process is called
renunciation. requisition a meeting A formal process which shareholders can use to call a shareholders meeting. Generally speaking the shareholders who want to call a meeting must hold at least 10 per cent of
the issued shares. reserve fund or reserves A fund which has been set aside in the accounts of a company. Profits
which are not paid out to shareholders as dividends, or used up in some other way, are held in a
reserve fund by the company. The capital redemption reserve and share premium account are also
reserve funds. revoke To withdraw, or cancel. rights issue A way by which companies raise extra share capital. Usually the existing shareholders
will be offered the chance to buy a certain number of new shares, depending on how many they
already have. For example, shareholders may be offered the chance to buy one new share for every
four they already have. securities All shares, bonds and other investment instruments issued by a company which entitle the
holder to a share in the profits or assets of that company, to receive a cash payment from a
company or to subscribe for such a security. securities seal A seal used to stamp the Companys securities as evidence that the Company has
issued them. The Companys Securities Seal is like the Companys Common Seal but with the addition
of the word securities. share premium account If a new share is issued by the Company for more than its nominal value
(generally because the market value is more than the nominal value) then the amount above the
nominal value is the premium, and the total of these premiums is held in a reserve fund (which
cannot be used to pay dividends) called the share premium account. show of hands A shareholder raises his hand to vote at a shareholders meeting (unless there is a
poll). Each person who is entitled to vote has just one vote, however many shares he holds. special notice This term is defined in Companies Acts. Broadly, if special notice of a resolution
is required by the Companies Acts, the resolution is not valid unless the Company has been told
about the intention to propose it at least 28 days before the shareholders meeting at which it is
proposed (although in certain circumstances the meeting can be on a date less than 28 days from the
date of the notice). special resolution A decision reached by a majority of at least 75 per cent of votes cast.
Shareholders must be given at least 21 days notice of any special resolution. special rights These are the rights of a particular class of shares, as distinct from rights which
apply to all shares generally. Typical examples of special rights are where the shares rank, their
rights to sharing in income and assets and voting rights. statutory declaration A formal way of declaring something in writing. Particular words and
formalities must be used  these are laid down by the Statutory Declarations Act of 1835. stock When shares are converted into stock the holders interest in the Company is expressed by
reference to a sum of money divided into transferable units. For example, the interest of a - 84 -




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shareholder with one hundred £1 shares might be converted into £100 worth of stock transferable in
units of £1 each. subdividing shares When shares are subdivided they are split into shares which have a smaller
nominal
value. For example, a £1 share might be subdivided into two 50p shares. subject to Means that something else has priority, or prevails, or must be taken into account. When
a statement is subject to another statement this means that the first statement must be read in the
light of the other statement, which will prevail if there is any conflict. subordinate Where a right or interest is subordinated to something else, it ranks behind it.
subscribe for shares To agree to take new shares in a company (usually for a cash payment).
subscribers to shares The people who first acquire the shares. subsidiary A company which is controlled by another company (for example because the other Company
owns a majority of its shares) is called a subsidiary of that company. subsidiary undertaking This is a term used by the Companies Acts. It is a wider definition than
subsidiary. Generally speaking it is a company which is controlled by another company because the
other company: · has a majority of the votes in the company either alone, or acting with others; · is a shareholder who can appoint or remove a majority of the directors; or · can exercise dominant influence over the company because of anything in the Companys
Memorandum or Articles, or because of a certain kind of contract. trustees People who hold property of any kind for the benefit of one or more other people under a
kind of arrangement which the law treats as a trust. The people whose property is held by the
trustees are called the beneficiary. underwrite A person who agrees to buy new shares if they are not bought by other people underwrites
the share offer. unincorporated associations Associations, partnerships, societies and other bodies which the law
does not treat as a separate legal person to their members. warrant See the definition of dividend warrant. wider-range investments The law restricts the investments which some trustees can invest in. Where
this restriction applies, the trustees can invest up to three quarters of their funds in
wider-range investments. These are, generally speaking, shares which are quoted on the London Stock
Exchange, and which are earning dividends. wind up The formal process to put an end to a company. When a company is wound up its assets are
distributed. The assets go first to creditors, and then to shareholders. Shares which rank first in
sharing in the Companys assets will receive any funds which are left over before any shares which
rank after (or behind) them. - 85 -