# Patent

## Title
Waveguide member and keypad assembly using the same

## Abstract

Disclosed are a waveguide member and a keypad assembly including the same. The waveguide member includes a waveguide for guiding light propagated inside, and at least one recess formed in a direction perpendicular to a direction of guidance of light coupled to the inside of the waveguide so that light guided by the waveguide is reflected to the waveguide. The keypad assembly includes a keypad having at least one key button and an elastic sheet fixing the key button, a waveguide member positioned beneath the keypad, the waveguide member having a waveguide for guiding light coupled to an inside and at least one recess for reflecting light guided by the waveguide to the waveguide, and a switch pad positioned beneath the waveguide member so as to establish an electric contact when the key button is pressed.

## Background
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
This application claims priority to an application entitled “Waveguide Member and Keypad Assembly Using the Same,” filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Mar. 14, 2007 and assigned Serial No. 2007-24922, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a keypad and a keypad assembly, and more particularly to a keypad and a keypad assembly including a waveguide member.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, keypad assemblies are used as information input means for users of personal computers, portable wireless terminals, automatic machinery, etc. Conventional keypad assemblies include a keypad and a switch pad.
The keypad includes a number of key buttons having characters, numerals, and symbols printed thereon, and an elastic sheet having the key buttons fixed to its upper surface. The switch pad includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of electric contacts formed thereon, and a dome sheet attached to the PCB.
When a user presses one of the key buttons, pressure is applied to the corresponding dome of the dome sheet via the elastic sheet. Then, the dome is deformed and electrically connected to the corresponding electric contact. Based on the electric connection between the dome and the electric contact, the device (e.g. personal computer, portable wireless terminal, or automatic machinery having the keypad assembly mounted thereon) recognizes that information selected by the user has been inputted.
Keypad assemblies mounted on portable wireless terminals have additional rear lighting means positioned near the key buttons. This enables users to operate the devices even when there is no lighting available.
The rear lighting means come in various types, including: (1) having a plurality of LEDs mounted on the switch pad so as to directly illuminate key buttons, (2) adopting a light emitting structure based on organic light emitting substances, and (3) employing waveguide members (e.g. waveguides).
However, conventional rear lighting means have a number of limitations, including that although they are supposed to illuminate key buttons, a considerable amount light is directed to the periphery and then lost. This is an obstacle to making portable terminals that consume less power and that are compact.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art. The present invention provides a keypad assembly including a waveguide adapted to minimize the leakage and loss of light coupled to the inside of the waveguide.
In according to one aspect of the present invention, a waveguide member including a waveguide for guiding light coupled to an inside is provided and at least one recess is formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction of guidance of light coupled to the inside of the waveguide, so that light guided by the waveguide is reflected to the waveguide.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a keypad assembly including a keypad having at least one key button and an elastic sheet fixing the key button is provided, a waveguide member is positioned beneath the keypad, the waveguide member having a waveguide for guiding light coupled to the inside and at least one recess for reflecting light guided by the waveguide to the waveguide, and a switch pad positioned beneath the waveguide member so as to establish an electric contact when the key button is pressed.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1a to 1c show waveguide members according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2a to 2c show waveguide members according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a waveguide member according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4a to 4e show waveguide members according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a waveguide member according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 shows the section of a keypad assembly according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. For the purposes of clarity and simplicity, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein is omitted to avoid making the subject matter of the present invention unclear.
FIGS. 1a and 1b show a waveguide member according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The waveguide member 100 includes a waveguide 110 for guiding light coupled to its inside, at least one recess 111 formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which light coupled to the inside of the waveguide 110 is guided so that incident light from the waveguide 110 is reflected to the waveguide 110, and light sources 101 and 102 for creating light.
The waveguide 110 guides light coupled to its inside so that the coupled light propagates from the first lateral surface of the waveguide 110 to its second lateral surface. As used herein, the first lateral surface of the waveguide 110 refers to one of its lateral surfaces to which light from the outside is coupled. The waveguide 110 may have any shape, such as a square or other geometrical shape. After being coupled to the inside of the waveguide 110, light undergoes total reflection at the interface between the waveguide 110 and its external air layer and propagates inside the waveguide 110.
The waveguide 110 may be made of a polymer having low hardness, high elastic deformability, high restoration capability, and high optical transmittance, such as polycarbonate, PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), polyurethane, or silicone.
The recess 111 is formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which light coupled to the inside of the waveguide 110 is guided so that incident light from the waveguide 110 is reflected to the inside of the waveguide 110. Particularly, the recess 111 may be an indentation formed on a part of the second lateral surface so as to provide the waveguide 110 with an interface between itself and its external air layer.
When light is guided by the waveguide 110 and is incident towards the recess 111, it is reflected towards the waveguide due to the difference in refractive index between the waveguide 110 and the external air layer.
The section in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which light is guided by the recess 111 may have the shape of a semi-circle, a circle, or an ellipse, which has a predetermined curvature, or a polygon. Alternatively, the recess 111 may extend into the waveguide 111 along the second lateral surface.
Although the recess 111 shown in FIG. 1a has the shape of an indentation formed on a part of the second lateral surface of the waveguide 110, it may be a hole extending through the waveguide 110. Alternatively, recesses 111 may be indentations formed on parts of the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide 110.
FIG. 1b partially magnifies the waveguide 110 shown in FIG. 1a, which has recess 111 formed thereon. As shown in FIG. 1b, when light 103c is incident on the recess 111 at a critical angle θc, it is totally reflected to the inside of the waveguide 110. When light 104a is incident at an angle larger than the critical angle θc, a portion of it (indicated by a solid line) passes through the recess 111 and leaks out. The remaining portion 104b is reflected to the inside of the waveguide. Some light scatters at the interface defined by the recess and is lost.
The refractive index n1 of air is 1, and is used as a reference to be compared with the refractive index of other substances. The refractive index n0 of the waveguide 110 is higher than the refractive index n1 of the air layer.
According to the present embodiment, at least one recess 111 is formed along the propagation path of light guided from the first lateral surface of the waveguide 110 to its second lateral surface, or on the second lateral surface so as to provide an interface between the waveguide and the air layer, which have different refractive indices. Therefore, light incident towards the recess 111 is reflected to the inside of the waveguide 110 due to the difference in refractive index between the waveguide 110 and the air layer.
When light incident on the recess 111 satisfies the condition of total reflection, the majority of light is reflected to the inside of the waveguide 110 except for a fraction of light lost after scattering at the interface. If the condition of total reflection is not satisfied (i.e. if the incident angle is larger than the critical angle), a portion of light passes through the recess 111, but the remaining portion is reflected to the inside of the waveguide 110.
Therefore, the recess 111 minimizes the loss of light occurring when light coupled to the inside of the waveguide 110 leaks out.
Referring to FIG. 1c, the waveguide 110 shown in FIG. 1a has a light blocking layer 120 printed around its second lateral surface. In particular, the light blocking layer 120 is printed around the first lateral surface, which faces the light sources 101 and 102, and the second lateral surface, on which the recess 111 is formed. The light blocking layer 120 may be made of block ink, for example, in order to prevent light from leaking out of the waveguide 110. As shown in FIG. 1c, the recess 111 preferably has no light blocking layer 120 formed thereon.
FIG. 2a shows a waveguide member according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The waveguide member 200 includes a waveguide 210 for guiding light, which has been coupled to the inside via the first lateral surface, towards the second lateral surface, at least one light source 201 and 202 for outputting light to the first lateral surface of the waveguide 210, at least one recess 211 formed on the waveguide 210, and a light blocking layer 220 formed around the second lateral surface of the waveguide 210.
In the following description of the waveguide member 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, detailed descriptions of the same components and operations as in the case of the first embodiment of the present invention will be omitted for brevity.
The recess 211 may be formed along the second lateral surface inside the waveguide 210 so that light guided from the first lateral surface is reflected to the inside of the waveguide 210. As shown in FIG. 2b, the recess 211 may be an indentation formed by scratching the upper surface of the waveguide 210 along the light blocking layer,. As shown in FIG. 2c, alternatively, the recess 211 may be a hole extending through the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide 210.
As shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c, the light blocking layer 220 may be formed along the second lateral surface of the waveguide 210 by printing. The light blocking layer 220 absorbs a portion of light, which has passed through the recess 211 without reflection, and prevents unnecessary leakage of light out of the waveguide 210. Although the light blocking layer 220 is commonly made of black ink, white link may be used to print the inner surface of the light blocking layer 220, which abuts the second lateral surface of the waveguide 210.
FIG. 3 shows a waveguide member according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the waveguide member 300 includes a waveguide 310 for guiding light, which has been coupled to the inside via the first lateral surface, to the second lateral surface, at least one recess 311 formed on the waveguide 310, a light blocking layer 320 formed along the second lateral surface of the waveguide 310, and light sources 301 and 302 for creating light to be coupled to the inside of the waveguide 310.
In the following description of the waveguide member 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, detailed descriptions of the same components and operations as in the case of the first and second embodiments of the present invention will be omitted for brevity.
The recess 311 may be locally formed on a part adjacent to the second lateral surface of the waveguide 310. Alternatively, the recess 311 may be a hole extending through the waveguide 310 or an indentation formed by scratching.
The light blocking layer 320 may be formed on the second lateral surface of the waveguide 310 by printing, for example, so as to absorb a portion of light that has passed through the recess 311.
FIG. 4a shows a waveguide member 400 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 4b to 4e show exemplary sections taken along A-A′ shown in FIG. 4a, respectively. The waveguide 400 according to the present embodiment includes a waveguide 410 for guiding light, which has been coupled to the inside via the first lateral surface, towards the second lateral surface, at least one recess 411 formed on a part of the waveguide 410, a light blocking layer 420 formed on the waveguide 410 along the second lateral surface, and light sources 401 and 402 for creating light to be coupled to the inside of the waveguide 410. The light sources 401 and 402 are positioned so that their light emitting surfaces face the first lateral surface of the waveguide 410.
In the following description of the waveguide member 400 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, detailed descriptions of the same components and operations as in the case of the first, second, and third embodiments of the present invention will be omitted for brevity.
The waveguide member 400 according to the present embodiment has a light blocking layer 420 printed inside the waveguide 410 along the recess 411. The light blocking layer 420 absorbs light, which has passed through the recess 411 without being reflected to the waveguide 410, and minimizes the leakage of light out of the waveguide 410.
Referring to FIG. 4b, the recess 411 is formed by scratching or etching the upper surface of the waveguide 410. Alternatively, the recess 410 may be formed concurrently when the waveguide 410 is shaped. The recess 411 provides an interface between the waveguide 410 and its external air layer, which intersects the path of light propagating inside the waveguide 410. As a result, light guided towards the second lateral surface of the waveguide 410 is reflected into the waveguide 410 by the recess 411.
The light blocking layer 420a is formed between the second lateral surface of the waveguide 410 and the recess 411 so as to surround the recess 411. Thus, the light blocking layer 420a absorbs a portion of light that has passed through the recess 411 and minimizes the leakage of light out of the waveguide 410. As shown in the sectional view, the light blocking layer 420a is printed on notches 420b, which are formed on the upper surface of the waveguide 410, by using black ink, for example.
Referring to FIG. 4c, the recess 411 is formed as a hole extending through the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide 411. The light blocking layer 420a has the same structure as in the case of FIG. 4b. 
FIG. 4d shows the sectional structure of a waveguide 410 having a recess 411 formed on its upper surface 410a, as in the case of FIG. 4b. Waveguide 410 also has light blocking layers 420 and 420b filling notches 420c formed on the upper and lower surfaces 410a and 410b of the waveguide 410.
FIG. 4e shows the sectional structure of a waveguide 410 having a recess 411 extending through the upper and lower surfaces 410a and 410b of the waveguide 410. Waveguide 410 also has light blocking layers 420a and 420b printed on notches 420c formed on the upper and lower surface 410a and 410b in an alternating diagonal or zigzag pattern.
FIG. 5 shows a waveguide member according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the waveguide member 500 includes at least one light source 501 and 502, a waveguide 510 having a first lateral surface positioned to face the light sources 501 and 502, a plurality of recesses 511 and 512 formed in the waveguide 510, and a light blocking layer 520 formed around the second lateral surface of the waveguide 510, as well as between the recesses 511 and 512.
The waveguide 510 has at least one reflection pattern formed on its upper or lower surface by scratching or printing. Alternatively, the reflection pattern may be formed concurrently when the waveguide 510 is shaped. The reflection pattern causes a portion of light, which has been propagating inside the waveguide 510, to undergo irregular reflection so that it is reflected towards the upper or lower surface of the waveguide 510.
The recesses 511 and 512 may be holes extending through the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide 510. Alternatively, the recesses 511 and 512 may be indentations formed on the upper or lower surface of the waveguide 510 by scratching, or formed concurrently when the waveguide 510 is shaped.
FIG. 6 shows the section of a keypad assembly according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The keypad assembly 600 may be mounted in a portable wireless terminal. The keypad assembly 600 includes a keypad 610, a switch pad 630 positioned to face the keypad 610, at least one light source 640, and a waveguide member 620 positioned between the switch pad 630 and the keypad 610. The light source 640 is covered with a light blocking layer 622b, except for its light emitting surface.
The keypad 610 includes an elastic sheet 612 and at least one key button 611 positioned on the elastic sheet 612. The elastic sheet 612 may have a compression protrusion 612a protruding towards the waveguide member 620. When the user presses the key button 611, the compression protrusion 612a transmits the resulting pressure to the switch pad 630. In addition, the compression protrusion 612a transmits repulsive force from the switch pad 630 to the user so that he/she can recognize whether or not the corresponding switch has established a contact.
The elastic sheet 612 may have the shape of an approximately square plate, as well as other shapes. The elasticity of the elastic sheet 612 guarantees that, after the key button 611 has been pressed by the user, it can return to the original position. In particular, the self-restoring capability of the elastic sheet 612 enables the key button 612 to regain its original shape after it has been pressed.
The elastic sheet 612 has a compression protrusion 612a positioned vertically below the key button so that, when the key button 612 is pressed, the resulting pressure is transmitted to the switch pad 630. Then, the user can recognize whether or not the switch pad 630 has been pressed.
The key button 611 is positioned on the upper surface of the elastic sheet 612. The key button 611 may be attached to the elastic sheet 612 by adhesive, or formed as an integral unit with the elastic sheet 612 by injection molding. The key button 611 may be made of the same material as the elastic sheet 612. Alternatively, the key button 611 may be made of polycarbonate or acrylic resin. Although the key button 611 according to the present embodiment has the shape of a square block, it may have another shape, such as a circular post or an elliptical post.
The waveguide member 620 includes a waveguide 621 for guiding light coupled to its inside, at least one recess 621a for diffusing light coupled to the inside of the waveguide 621, and light blocking layers 622a and 622b. The light blocking layer 622b, which surrounds the light source 640, may be made of black tape, for example. The light blocking layer 622a, which surrounds the waveguide 621, may be formed by black ink printing, for example.
The waveguide 621 includes a reflection pattern 621b for reflecting a portion of light, which has been coupled to the inside, to the key button 611, a recess 621a for preventing light, which has been guided inside, from leaking out, and light blocking layers 622a and 622b. The waveguide 621 causes light, which has been coupled to the inside via the first lateral surface facing the light source 640, to undergo total reflection at the interface of the upper and lower surfaces with the external air layer so that the light is guided towards the second lateral surface (which is opposite to the first lateral surface). The reflection pattern 621b may be formed on the upper or lower surface of the waveguide 621 by scratching. Alternatively, the reflection pattern 621b may be formed as an indentation concurrently when the waveguide 621 is shaped.
If light that has been propagated inside the waveguide 621 after total reflection is incident on the reflection pattern 621b, the condition of total reflection is not satisfied by the reflection pattern 621b (when the incident angle is smaller than the critical angle). Then, the light passes through the waveguide 621 and the elastic sheet 612, and illuminates the key button 611.
The waveguide 621 preferably has a small thickness (for example, 0.1-0.3 mm) for slimness of the keypad assembly 600. When the waveguide 621 is made of polycarbonate or PMMA, for example, it may have a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm. When the waveguide 621 is made of polyurethane or silicone, it may have a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm.
When light coupled to the inside of the waveguide 621 leaks out of the waveguide 621 instead of illuminating the key button, light leakage occurs. When such light leakage occurs, the luminance necessary to illuminate the key button 611 decreases because light leaks unnecessarily.
Light coupled to the inside of the waveguide 621 undergoes total reflection at the interface of the waveguide 621 (particularly, its upper and lower surfaces) with its external air layer, and propagates inside the waveguide 621. The recess 621a is formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which light is guided inside the waveguide 621 so that an interface with the external air layer is created inside the waveguide 621. As a result, light guided inside the waveguide 621 is reflected to the waveguide 621 at the interface defined by the recess 621a. 
In order to ensure that light coupled to the inside of the waveguide 621 illuminates the key button 611 without leaking out of the waveguide 611, the light blocking layer 622a surrounds the lateral surfaces of the waveguide 621, except for its lateral surface (which faces the light source 640) on which light is incident. The light blocking layer 622a may be formed through a printing process using black ink, which absorbs light, so that light leakage is suppressed. It is also possible to print a surface of the light blocking layer 622a, which abuts corresponding lateral surfaces of the waveguide 621, with white link so that light incident on the light blocking layer 622a is reflected towards the waveguide 621.
As has been described with reference to the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention (FIGS. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5), the light blocking layer 622a is formed inside the waveguide 621 along the lateral surfaces of the waveguide 621. This is true except for its lateral surface on which light is incident, so as to minimize the leakage of light, the path of which has been modified by the recess 621a. 
The recess 621a and the light blocking layer 622a may adopt the structure according to one of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention.
The switch pad 630 includes a PCB 632 having electric contacts 632a formed thereon. A dome sheet 631 is bonded to the PCB 632 and provided with domes corresponding to the electric contacts 632a. 
The dome sheet 631 may be made of a thin conductive material so that, when the user presses the key button 611, corresponding dome and electrical contact 632 are electrically connected to each other. The dome sheet 631 may be attached to the PCB 632 with adhesive, for example.
A support member 623 may be inserted between the waveguide 621 and the dome sheet 631. The support member 623 may have the shape of a ring, such as a square strip. The support member 623 is attached to the peripheral or inner portion of the waveguide 621. The support member 623 may consist of double-sided tape, adhesive, or a sticky printed layer.
As mentioned above, the waveguide member according to the present invention has at least one recess formed in a direction perpendicular to the propagation path of light so that light coupled to the inside of the waveguide member can be guided in a direction different from the initial direction of propagation. Therefore, light coupled to the inside of the waveguide can be diffused over the entire waveguide. This uniforms and improves the luminance for illuminating the key button. In addition, the light blocking layer formed around the recess minimizes the loss of light.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. a waveguide for guiding light, which has been coupled to inside of the waveguide via a first lateral surface of the waveguide, to a second lateral surface of the waveguide opposite to the first lateral, surface; and
at least one recess formed in a direction perpendicular to a direction of guidance of light coupled to the inside of the waveguide so that light guided by the waveguide is reflected into the waveguide; and
a light blocking layer formed on at least the second lateral surface, wherein the light blocking layer absorbs light which has passed through the recess;
wherein light transmitted inside the waveguide is reflected by the at least one recess, and the light blocking layer on the second lateral surface absorbs light transmitted through the at least one recess to minimize light leakage.

2. The waveguide member as claimed in claim 1, wherein a section of the recess taken in a direction perpendicular to the direction of guidance of light guided by the waveguide has a predetermined curvature or has a polygonal shape.

3. The waveguide member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recess is an indentation formed on a part of the second lateral surface of the waveguide or a hole extending through upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide.

4. The waveguide member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light blocking layer surrounds lateral surfaces of the waveguide except for the first lateral surface.

5. The waveguide member as claimed in claim 1, further comprising notches formed on an upper surface of the waveguide, and a light blocking layer filling each notch.

6. The waveguide member as claimed in claim 1, further comprising notches formed on upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide, and a light blocking layer filling each notch.

7. The waveguide member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recess extends through upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide.

8. A keypad assembly comprising:
a keypad having at least one key button and an elastic sheet fixing the key button;
a waveguide member positioned beneath the keypad, the waveguide member having a waveguide for guiding light, which has been coupled to inside of the waveguide via a first lateral surface of the waveguide, to a second lateral surface of the waveguide opposite to the first lateral surface, at least one recess formed in a direction perpendicular to a direction of guidance of light coupled to the inside of the waveguide so that light guided by the waveguide is reflected into the waveguide, and a light blocking layer formed on at least the second lateral surface, wherein the light blocking layer absorbs light which has passed through the recess; and
a switch pad positioned beneath the waveguide member so as to establish an electric contact when the key button is pressed;
wherein light transmitted inside the waveguide is reflected by the at least one recess, and the light blocking layer on the second lateral surface absorbs light transmitted through the at least one recess to minimize light leakage.

9. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the light blocking layer surrounds lateral surfaces of the waveguide except for the first lateral surface.

10. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, further comprising notches formed on an upper surface of the waveguide, and a light blocking layer filling each notch.

11. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, further comprising notches formed on upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide, and a light blocking layer filling each notch.

12. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the recess extends through upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide.

13. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the switch pad comprises:
a printed circuit board having a plurality Of electric contacts formed thereon; and
a dome sheet bonded to the printed circuit board, the dome sheet having domes corresponding to the electric contacts, respectively.

14. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a light source for creating light to be coupled to the first lateral surface of the waveguide.

15. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the recess is formed in a direction perpendicular to a direction of guidance of light coupled to the inside of the waveguide so as to create an interface between the waveguide and the atmosphere.

16. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a light source for creating light to be coupled to the inside of the waveguide; and
a light blocking layer formed on upper and lateral surfaces of the light source.

17. The keypad assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the recess is an indentation formed on a part of the second lateral surface of the waveguide or a hole extending through upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide.