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Soutl)Carolina Department ofHealth and Environmental Control 

# Notional PollutantDischarge Elimination System Permit for Discharge to Surface Waters This Permit Certifies That SMUllFIT-STONE CONTAINERENTERPRISES, INC

has been granted pennission to discharge·from a facility located at 

## Papt!r

# ,MillRoIuI 

# Florence, SO 

# Florence County
to receiving 

## waters named 

## GreatPeeDee 

# lU..,.. in accordance with limitations, monitoring requirements and other conditions set forth herein. This permitisissueciin accordance 

## with

## the provisions ofthe Pollution Control Act of South ,Carolina (S.C. Code Sections 48-1-10 

## et seq., 1976), 

### Regulation 61-9 and 

### with the provisions ofthe Federal 

### Clean Water Act (PL 92-**500)~,as** 

### amended, 33 U.S.C. 1251 

## etseq., the 

### "Act."



## .IS$lleDate: Augu.t 29, 2006 

## "Bffecitve

## DtIte: November

# 4 2006 

### MotllJlt!lltion 

## Date: December**l~** 

## 2007 Ex.pinltion Date: October 31,2011 

## Pe""itNo.: SC0000876 

## MtHIIjicadon EffectiveDate: January 

### 1,2008

### Table ofContents

PART I. Definitions.................................................................................................................................................3 PART II. Standard Conditions ............................................................................................................................... 6

A. Dutyto comply

.............................................................................................................................................. 6 B. Dutyto reapply

.............................................................................................................................................. 6 C. Need to halt or reduce activity not a defense

................................................................................................ 6 D. Duty to mitigate

............................................................................................................................................ 6 E. Proper operation and maintenance

................................................................................................................ 6 F. Permit actions

............................................................................................................................................... 7 G. Propertyrights

............................................................................................................................................... 8 H. Dutyto provide infonnation

......................................................................................................................... 8 I. Inspection and entry

...................................................................................................................................... 8 J. Monitoring and records

................................................................................................................................. 8 K. Signatory requirement

................................................................................................................................. 10 L. Reporting requirements

............................................................................................................................... 12 M. Bypass .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 N. Upset

........................................................................................................................................................... 17 O. Misrepresentation ofInfonnation

............................................................................................................... 18 

### Part III. Limitations and Monitoring Requirements

.......................................................................................... 19

A. 

### Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements

................................................................................... 19 B. 

### Whole Effluent Toxicity and Other Biological Limitations and Monitoring Requirements

...................... 20 C. Groundwater Monitoring Requirements

..................................................................................................... 21 D. Sludge Monitoring Requirements

............................................................................................................... 21 E. Soil Monitoring Requirements

.................................................................................................................... 21 

### Part IV. Schedule ofCompliance..........................................................................................................................22 Part V. Other Requirements .................................................................................................................................23

A. Effluent Requirements

................................................................................................................................ 23 B. 

### Whole Effluent Toxicity and Other Biological Requirements

.................................................................... 24 C. Groundwater Requirements

........................................................................................................................ 25 D. Sludge Requirements

.................................................................................................................................. 26 E. Other·Conditions

......................................................................................................................................... 27

### Part I Page 3 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 

### PART I. Definitions Anyterm not defined inthis Parthas the definition stated in the Pollution Control Act orin "WaterPollution Control Permits", R.61-9 orits normal meaning.
A. The "Act", orCW A, shallreferto the CleanWaterAct (Formerlyreferredto as theFederal WaterPollutionControl Act) Public Law 92-500, as amended.
B. The "average" or "arithmetic mean" ofany set ofvalues is the summation ofthe individual values divided bythe number ofindividual values. C. "Basin" (or "Lagoon") means any in-ground or earthen structure designed to receive, treat, store, temporarily retain and/or allow for the infiltration/evaporation ofwastewater. D. "Bypass" means the intentional diversion ofwaste streams from anyportion ofa treatment facility.
E. A "composite sample" shall be defined as one ofthe following four types: 1. An influent or effiuent portion collected continuouslyover a specifiedperiod oftime at a rate proportional to the flow.
2. A combination ofnot less than 8 influent oreffiuent grab samples collected at regular (equal) intervals over a specified period oftime and composited by increasing the volume ofeach aliquot in proportion to flow. If continuous flow measurement is not used to composite in proportion to flow, the following method will be used: An

### instantaneous flow measurement shouldbetaken eachtime a grab sample is collected. Atthe endof the sampling period, the instantaneous flow measurements should be summed to obtain a total flow. The instantaneous flow measurementcanthenbedividedbythetotal flow to determinethepercentageofeach grab sample to be combined. These combined samples form the composite sample.
3. A combinationofnot less than 8 influentoreffluent grab samplesofequalvolumebutat variable timeintervals that are inverselyproportional to the volume oftheflow. ill

### otherwords, the time interval between aliquots is reduced as the volume offlow increases.
4. Ifthe effiuent flow varies by less than 15 percent, a combination ofnot less than 8 influent or effiuent grab samples ofconstant (equal) volume collected at regular (equal) time intervals over a specified period oftime.
All samples shallbeproperlypreservedinaccordance withPart II.JA. 

### Continuous flow orthe sumofinstantaneous flows measured and averaged for the specified compositing time period shall be used with composite results to calculate mass. F. "Dailymaximum"is thehighest average valuerecorded ofsamples collected on any single dayduringthe calendar month.
G. "Dailyminimum" is the lowest average valuerecorded ofsamples collected on any single day duringthe calendar month.
H. The "Department"or"DHEC" shall referto the South CarolinaDepartment ofHealth and Environmental Control.

### Part I Page 4 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 I. The "geometric mean" ofany set ofvalues is the Nthroot oftheproduct ofthe individualvalues whereN is equal to the numberofindividual values. The geometric meanis equivalent to the antilog ofthe arithmetic mean ofthe logarithms ofthe individual values. Forpurposes ofcalculating the geometric mean, values ofzero (0) shall be considered to be one 

### (1). 

### J. A "grab sample"is anindividual, discrete orsingle influentoreffluentportionofat least 100milliliterscollected at a time representative ofthe discharge and over a period not exceeding 15 minutes and retained separately for analysis. mstantaneous flow measured at the time ofgrab sample collection shall be used to calculate quantity, unless a totalizer is used.
K. "Groundwater" means the waterbelow the land surface found in fractured rock or various soil strata.
L. The "maximumorminimum"is thehighestorlowestvalue, respectively, recorded ofall samplescollected during the calendar month. These tenns may also beknown as the instantaneous maximum or minimum.
M. "Monitoring well" means any well used to sample groundwater for water quality analysis orto measure groundwater levels.
N. The ''monthly average", other than for fecal colifonn and enterococci, is the arithmetic mean of all samples collected in a calendar month period. The monthly average for fecal colifonn and enterococci bacteria is the geometric meanofall samples collectedin a calendarmonthperiod. Themonthly average loadingisthe arithmetic average ofall individual loading determinations made during the month.
O. The "PCA" shall refer to the Pollution Control Act (Chapter 1, Title 48, Code ofLaws ofSouth Carolina).
P. The "practical quantitation limit" (PQL) is the concentration at which the entire analytical system must give a recognizable signal and acceptable calibration point. 

### It is the concentration in a sample that is equivalent to the concentration ofthe lowest calibration standard analyzedbya specific analytical procedure, assuming that all the method-specific sample weights, volumes, and processing steps have been followed. 

### It is also referred to as the reporting limit. Q. "Quarter"is defined as the first three calendarmonthsbeginningwiththemonththatthispermitbecomeseffective and each group ofthree calendar months thereafter.
R. "Quarterly average" is the arithmetic mean ofall samples collected in a quarter. S. "Severepropertydamage"means substantialphysical damagetoproperty, damageto thetreatment facilities which causesthemtobecomeinoperable, orsubstantial andpennanentloss ofnatural resources whichcanreasonablybe expected to occur in the absence ofa bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays inproduction.

### Part I Page 5 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 T. "Sludge" means industrial sludge. fudustrial sludge is a solid, semi-solid, or liquid residue generated during the treatment of industrialwastewaterin a treatment works. fudustrial sludge includes, butisnot limitedto, industrial septage; scum orsolidsremoved inprimary, secondary, oradvancedwastewatertreatmentprocesses; and amaterial derived from industrial sludge. fudustrial sludge does not include ash generated during the firing ofindustrial sludge in anindustrial sludge incineratororgrit and screenings generatedduringpreliminarytreatment ofindustrial wastewater in a treatment works. fudustrial sludge by definition does not include sludge covered under 40 CFR Part 503 orR.61-9.503.
U. "Upset" means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with technologybasedpenniteffluent limitationsbecauseoffactors beyondthereasonable control ofthepermittee. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack ofpreventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation.
V. "Wastewater"meansindustrialwastewater. fudustrial wastewateriswastewatergenerated from a federal facility, commercial or industrial process, including waste and wastewater from humans when generated at an industrial facility.
W. "Weekly average" is the arithmetic mean of all the samples collected during a one-week period. For selfmonitoring purposes, weeklyperiods in a calendarmonth are defined as three (3) consecutive seven-dayintervals starting with the first day ofthe calendar month and a fourth interval containing seven (7) days plus those days beyond the 28th day in a calendar month. The value to be reported is the single highest ofthe four (4) weekly averages computed during a calendarmonth. Theweeklyaverage loadingisthe arithmetic average ofall individual loading detenninations made during the week.

### Part II Page 6 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 

### PART II. Standard Conditions A. Dutyto comply
Thepermitteemust complywithall conditions ofthepermit. Anypermitnoncompliance constitutes a violation ofthe Clean Water Act and the Pollution Control Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit tennination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit renewal application. The Department's approval of wastewater facility plans and specifications does not relieve the permittee of responsibility to meet pennit limits. 1. Thepennittee shall comply with effluent standards orprohibitions established under section 307(a) ofthe CleanWaterActfor toxic pollutants andwith standards for sewage sludgeuse ordisposal establishedunder section 405( d) ofthe CW A within the time provided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions or standards for sewage sludge use ordisposal, evenifthepermithas not yet been modified to incorporate the requirement.
2. Failure to complywithpermit conditions orthe provisions ofthis permit may subject the pennitteeto civil penalties under S.C. Code Section 48-1-330 or criminal sanctions under S.C. Code Section 48-1-320. Sanctions for violations ofthe Federal CleanWaterAct maybe imposed in accordance with theprovisions of40 CFR Part 122.41(a)(2) and (3). 3. A person who violates anyprovision ofthis permit, a term, condition or schedule ofcompliance contained within this NPDES permit, orthe State law is subject to the actions defined in the State law. 

### B. Dutyto reapply
Ifthepermitteewishes to continue an activityregulatedbythispennit afterthe expirationdate ofthispennit,the permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit. A permittee with a currentlyeffectivepermit shall submit a new application 180 days before the existingpermit expires, unlesspermission for a laterdate hasbeengranted bythe Department. The Department shall not grant permission for applications to be submitted later than the expiration date ofthe existing permit. C. Need to halt orreduce activity not a defense
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions ofthis permit. D. Dutyto mitigate
Thepermittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize orprevent any discharge or sludge use ordisposal in violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment. E. Proper operation and maintenance

### PartII Page 7 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 1. The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain in good working order and operate as efficiently as possible all facilities and systems oftreatment and control (andrelated appurtenances) which are installed orused bythe pennittee to achieve compliance with the terms and conditions ofthis permit. Proper operation and maintenance includes effective performance based on design facility removals, adequate funding, adequate operator staffing andtrainingand also includes adequate laboratorycontrols and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This provision requires the operation ofback-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems which are installed by a permittee only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions ofthe permit. 2. PowerFailures. 

### Inorderto maintaincompliancewitheffluent limitations andprohibitions ofthispennit,the permittee shall either:

a. provide an alternative power source sufficient to operate the wastewater control facilities;
b. orhave a plan ofoperationwhichwill halt, reduce, orotherwise controlproduction and/or all discharges upon the reduction, loss, or failure ofthe primary source ofpowerto the wastewater control facilities. 3. Thepermittee shall develop andmaintain at the facility a complete Operations andMaintenanceManual for thewastetreatment facilities and/orland application system. Themanual shallbemade available for on-site review during normal workinghours. The manual shall contain operation and maintenance instructions for all equipment and appurtenances associated withthewastetreatment facilities andland application system. The manual shall contain a general description ofthe treatment process(es), the operational procedures to meet the requirements ofE.I above, and the corrective action to be taken should operating difficulties be encountered.
4. Thepermittee shallprovide fortheperformanceofdailytreatment facility inspectionsbyacertified operator ofthe appropriate grade as defined in Part V.E ofthis permit. The Department maymake exceptions to the daily operator requirement in accordance with R.61-9.122.41(e)(3)(ii). The inspections shall include, but shouldnot necessarilybelimitedto, areas whichrequirevisual observationto determine efficient operation and for which immediate corrective measures can be taken using the 

### 0 & 

### M manual as a guide. All inspections shall berecorded and shall include the date, time, and name ofthepersonmakingthe inspection, corrective measures taken, and routine equipment maintenance, repair, or replacement performed. The permittee shall maintain all records ofinspections atthepermitted facility asrequiredbythepermit, andthe records shall be made available for on-site review during normal working hours. 5. The name and grade of the operator of record shall be submitted to DHEClBureau of WaterlWater Enforcement Divisionpriorto placing the facility into operation. A roster ofoperators associated with the facility's operation and their certification grades shall also be submitted with thename ofthe "operator-incharge." Anychanges in operator or operators shall be submitted to the Department as they occur. F. Permit actions
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing ofa request by the pennittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification ofplanned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay anypennit condition.

### Part II Page 8 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 G. Propertyrights
Thispennitdoes not conveyanypropertyrights ofany sort. oranyexclusiveprivilegenordoes it authorize any injury to persons orproperty or invasion ofother private rights, or any infringement ofState or local law or regulations. H. Dutyto provide infonnation
Thepennittee shall furnish to theDepartment. within a reasonabletime. anyinfonnationwhichtheDepartment mayrequestto detenninewhethercause exists for modifying. revoking andreissuing, ortenninatingthispermit orto detennine compliance with this pennit. The pennittee shall also furnish to the Departmentupon request. copies ofrecords required to be kept bythis pennit. I. Inspection and entry
The pennittee shall allow the Department. or an authorized representative (including an authorized contractor acting as a representative ofthe Department), uponpresentation ofcredentials and otherdocuments as maybe required bylaw. to: 1. Enterupon the pennittee's premises where a regulated facility or activityis located orconducted, orwhere records must be kept under the conditions ofthis pennit;
2. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions ofthis permit; 3. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), practices, or operations regulated orrequired under this permit; and 4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes ofassuring pennit compliance or as otherwise authorizedbythe CleanWaterAct andPollution ControlAct, anysubstances orparameters at anylocation. J. Monitoring and records
1. a. (1) Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of the monitored activity. (2) Samples shall be reasonably distributed in time, while maintaining representative sampling. (3) No analysis. which is otherwise valid, shall be tenninated for thepurposeofpreventingthe analysis from showing a permit or water quality violation. b. Flow Measurements. (1) Where primary flow meters are required. appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific practices shall be present and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability ofmeasurements ofthe volume ofmonitored discharges. The devices shall beinstalled,

### Part II Page 9 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 calibrated and maintained to ensure that the accuracy ofthe measurements are consistent with the acceptedcapabilityofthattype ofdevice. Devices selected shallbecapableof measuringflows with a maximum deviation of less thaI\ 10% from the true discharge rates throughout the range of expecteddischarge volumes. Theprimaryflow device,whererequired, mustbeaccessibletotheuse ofa continuous flow recorder. (2) Where permits require an estimate offlow, the permittee shall maintain at the permitted facility a record ofthemethod(s) used in estimatingthe discharge flow (e.g., pump curves,productioncharts, water use records) for the outfall(s) designated on limits pages to monitor flow byan estimate. (3) Records ofany necessary calibrations must bekept. 2. Except for records ofmonitoringinformationrequiredbythispermitrelated to thepermittee's sewage sludge use and disposal activities, which shallberetained for aperiod ofat least five years (orlongeras requiredby R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504), the permittee shall retain records ofall monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies ofall reports required bythis permit, and records ofall data used to complete the application for this permit, for a period ofat least 3 years from the date ofthe sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be extended byrequest ofthe Department at any time. 3. Records ofmonitoring information shall include:

a. The date, exact place, and time ofsampling ormeasurements; b. The individual(s) who performed the sampling ormeasurements;

c. The date(s) analyses were performed;
d. The individual(s) who performed the analyses;

e. The analytical techniques ormethods used; and f. The results ofsuch analyses.
4. a. Analyses for required monitoring must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 CFRPart 136, equivalenttestprocedures approvedbythe Department orothertestproceduresthathave been specified in the permit. 

### In the case ofsludge use or disposal, analysis for required monitoring must be conducted according to testprocedures approvedunder40 CFRPart 136, testprocedures specifiedinR.61-9.503 orR.61-9.504, equivalenttestprocedures approvedbytheDepartmentorothertestproceduresthathavebeen specified in the permit.
b. Unless addressed elsewhere in this permit, the permittee shall use a sufficiently sensitive analytical methodthat achieves a valuebelowthederivedpermit limit statedinPart

## m. If more than onemethod of analysis is approved for use, the Departmentrecommends for reasonable potential determinations that the permittee use the method having the lowest practical quantitation limit (PQL) unless otherwise

### PartII Page 10 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 specified in Part V of the pennit. For the purposes of reporting analytical data on the Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR): (1) 

### Analytical results below the PQL conducted using a method in accordance with Part nJA.a above shall be reported as zero (0). Zero (0) shall also be used to average results which are below the PQL. When zero (0) is reported or used to average results, the pennittee shall report, in the "Comment Section" orin an attachmentto theDMR,the analytical method used, thePQLachieved, and the number oftimes results below the PQLwere reported as zero (0). (2)Analyticalresults above the PQLconductedusing a method in accordance withPartn.JA.ashallbe reported as the value achieved. When averaging results using a value containing a "less than," the average shall be calculated using the value and reported as "less than" the average ofall results collected. (3) Mass values shall be calculated using the flow taken at the time of the sample and either the concentration value actually achieved orthe value as detennined from the procedures in (1) 

### or (2) above, as appropriate. 5. The PCA provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate any monitoring device ormethodrequiredtobemaintainedunderthispermit shall, upon conviction,bepunished bya fine ofnotmore than $25,000 orbyimprisonment for notmorethan 2years, orboth. Ifa conviction of apersonis for aviolation committed after a first convictionofsuchpersonunderthisparagraph, punishment provided bythe Clean Water Act is also byimprisonment ofnot more than 4 years. K. Signatory requirement.
1. All applications, reports, or infonnation submitted to the Department shall be signed and certified.

a. Applications. All permit applications shall be signed as follows: (1) 

### For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. Forthe purpose ofthis section, a responsible corporate officer means: (a) A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president ofthe corporation in charge ofa principal business function, oranyotherperson whoperfonns similarpolicyordecision-makingfunctions for the corporation, or (b) 

### The manager ofone or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long tenn environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate infonnation for pennit application requirements; and where authorityto sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures.

### Part II Page 11 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 (2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or (3) For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency or public facility: By either a principal executive officer, mayor, orotherduly authorized employee orranking elected official. Forpurposes ofthis section, a principal executive officer ofaFederal agency includes: (a) The chiefexecutive officer ofthe agency, or 

### (b) A senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit ofthe agency (e.g., Regional Administrator, Region 

### N, EPA). b. Allreportsrequiredbypennits, andotherinformationrequestedbythe Department, shallbesignedbya person described in Part ILK.1.a ofthis section, orbyadulyauthorizedrepresentative ofthatperson. A person is a duly authorized representative only if: (1) The authorization is made in writing by a person described in Part II.K.l.a ofthis section; (2) The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operationoftheregulated facility oractivity such as theposition ofplantmanager, operatorofa well or a well field, superintendent, position ofequivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative maythus beeither anamedindividual oranyindividual occupyinganamedposition.) and, (3) The written authorization is submitted to the Department.

c. Changes to authorization. Ifan authorization under Part II.K.I.b ofthis section is no longer accurate because a different individual orpositionhasresponsibilityforthe overall operation ofthe facility, anew authorization satisfYing the requirements of Part II.K.I.b of this section must be submitted to the Department prior to or together with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative. d. Certification. Any person signing a document under Part II.K.I.a or b ofthis section shall make the following certification: "I certify under penalty oflaw that this document and all attachments were preparedundermydirection orsupervisioninaccordance with a systemdesignedto assurethatqualified personnel properlygather and evaluatethe information submitted. Basedonmyinquiryof thepersonor personswho managethe system, orthosepersonsdirectlyresponsible for gatheringthe infonnation, the information submitted is, to the best ofmy knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations."
2. ThePCAprovidesthat anypersonwho knowinglymakes anyfalse statement, representation, orcertification in any record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this permit, including monitoringreports orreports ofcomplianceornon-compliance shall, uponconviction,bepunishedbya fine ofnotmorethan $25,000perviolation, orbyimprisonment for notmorethan two years perviolation, orby both.

### Partll Page 12 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 L. Reporting requirements 1. Planned changes. The pennittee shall give written notice to DHEClBureau ofWaterlWaterFacilities PennittingDivision as soon aspossible ofanyplannedphysical alterations oradditionsto thepennittedfacility. Notice isrequired onlywhen:

a. The alteration oraddition to a pennitted facility maymeet one ofthe criteria for detenniningwhether a facility is a new source in R 6l-9.l22.29(b); or b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity ofpollutants discharged. This notification applies to pollutantswhich are subjectneitherto effiuent limitations in

### the permit, nor to notification requirements under Part ll.L.8 ofthis section.

c. The alteration or addition results in a significant change in the pennittee's sewage sludge orindustrial sludge use or disposal practices, and such alteration, addition, orchange mayjustifythe application of permit conditions that are different from or absent in the existing pennit, including notification of additional use or disposal sites not reported during the pennit application process or not reported pursuant to an approved land applicationplan (included intheNPDES pennit directly orbyreference); 2. Anticipated noncompliance. Thepennittee shall give advance noticeto the DHEClBureau ofWater/WaterEnforcementDivisionofany planned changes in the pennitted facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit requirements. 3. Transfers. This pennit is not transferable to any person except after written notice to the DHEClBureau of WaterlNPDES Administration. The Department mayrequire modification orrevocation andreissuance of the pennit to change the name ofpennittee and incorporate such other requirements as maybe necessary under the Pollution Control Act and the Clean Water Act.

a. Transfers by modification. Except as provided in paragraph b of this section, a pennit may be transferred bythe permittee to a new owneroroperatoronlyifthepennithas been modified orrevoked and reissued (under R.6l-9.l22.62(e)(2», or a minor modification made (under R.61-9.122.63(d», to identify the new permittee and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary under CWA. 

### b. Othertransfers. As an alternativeto transfers underparagraph a ofthis section, anyNPDES pennitmay be transferred to a new pennittee if: (1) The current permittee notifies the Department at least 30 days in advance ofthe proposed transfer date in Part ll.L.3.b(2) ofthis section;

### Partll Page 13 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 (2) The notice includes U.S. EPA NPDES Application Fonn 1 and a written agreement between the existing andnewpennitteescontaininga specific date fortransferof pennitresponsibility, coverage. and liability between them; and (3) Pennits are non-transferable exceptwithpriorconsentoftheDepartment. A modificationunderthis section is a minor modification which does not require public notice.
4. Monitoringreports. Monitoringresults shall bereported atthe intervals specified elsewhere inthispennit.

a. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) or fonns provided or specified by the Department for reporting results ofmonitoring of sludge use or disposal practices including the following; (1) EffluentMonitoring; Effluentmonitoringresults obtainedattherequired frequency shallbereported on a DischargeMonitoringReportFonn(EPAFonn3320-1). TheDMRis duepostmarkedno later than the 28th day ofthe month following the end ofthe monitoring period. One original and one copy ofthe Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) shall be submitted to; S.C. Department ofHealth and Environmental Control Bureau ofWater/Compliance Assurance Division Pennit and DataAdministration Section 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 (2) GroundwaterMonitoring: Groundwatermonitoringresults obtained at the required frequency shall bereported on a GroundwaterMonitoringReportFonn (DHEC 2110)postmarkedno laterthan the 28th day ofthemonth following the end ofthe monitoringperiod. One original and one copyofthe Groundwater Monitoring Report Fonn (DHEC 2110) shall be submitted to: S.C. Department ofHealth and Environmental Control Bureau ofWater/WaterMonitoring, Assessment and Protection Division Groundwater Quality Section 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 (3) Sludge, Biosolids and/orSoilMonitoring; Sludge,biosolids and/or soil monitoringresults obtained at the required frequency shall be reported in a laboratory fonnat as stated in Part V ofthe pennit. Two copies ofthese results shall be submitted to: S.c. Department ofHealth and Environmental Control Bureau ofWater /Water Enforcement Division Water Pollution Enforcement Section 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 (4) All otherreports required bythis pennit shall be submitted at the frequency specified elsewhere in the pennit to:

### PartIl Page 14 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 S.C. Department ofHealth and Environmental Control Bureau ofWaterIWater Enforcement Division Water Pollution Enforcement Section 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 b. lfthepennitteemonitors anypollutantmorefrequentlythanrequiredbythe pennitusing testprocedures approved under40 CFRPart 136 or, inthe case ofsludge use ordisposal, approved under40 CFRPart 136 unless otherwise specified 

### in R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504, or as specified in the pennit, all valid results ofthis monitoring shall beincluded inthe calculation and reporting ofthe data submitted inthe DMR or sludge reporting fonn specified bythe Department. The permittee has sole responsibility for scheduling analyses, otherthan for the sample date specifiedinPartV, so as to ensurethereis sufficient opportunity to complete and report the required number ofvalid results for each monitoring period.

c. Calculationsfor all limitationswhichrequire averagingofmeasurements shallutilize an arithmeticmean unless otherwise specified bythe Department in the pennit.
5. Twenty-four hourreporting

a. The pennittee shall report any non-compliance, which mayendanger health orthe environment. Any information shall beprovided orallyto local DHEC office within 24 hours from the time the pennittee becomes aware ofthe circumstances. During nonnal working hours call:



### County EQC Region Phone No. Anderson, Oconee Region 1- Anderson EQC Office 864-260-5569 Abbeville, Edgefield, Greenwood, Region I - Greenwood EQC Office 864-223-0333 Laurens, McCormick, Saluda Greenville, Pickens Region 2 - Greenville EQC Office 864-241-1090 Cherokee, Spartanburg, Union Region 2 - Spartanburg EQC Office 864-596-3800 Fairfield, Lexington, Region 3 -Columbia EQC Office 803-896-0620 Newberry, Richland Chester, Lancaster, York Region 3 - Lancaster EQC Office 803-285-7461 Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Region 4 - Florence EQC Office 843-661-4825 Florence, Marion, Marlboro Clarendon, Kershaw, Region 4 - SumterEQC Office 803-778-6548 Lee, Sumter Aiken, Allendale, Bamberg, Region 5 - Aiken EQC Office 803-641-7670 Barnwell, Calhoun, Orangeburg Georgetown, Horry, Region 6 - Myrtle Beach EQC Office 843-238-4378 Williamsburg Berkeley, Charleston, Region 7 - Charleston EQC Office 843-740-1590 Dorchester Beaufort, Colleton, Region 8 - Beaufort EQC Office 843-846-1030 Hampton, Jasper

### PartIl Page 15 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 

# *

After-hour reporting should be made to the 24-Hour Emergency Response telephone number 803-253-6488 or 1-888-481-0125 outside ofthe Columbia area. A written submission shall also beprovided to the address in Part ILL.4.a(4) within 5 days ofthe time thepermitteebecomes aware ofthecircumstances. Thewritten submission shall contain a descriptionof the noncompliance and its cause; the period ofnoncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliancehas notbeencorrected, the anticipatedtimeit is expectedto continue; and stepstaken orplanned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence ofthe noncompliance. b. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours under this paragraph. (1) Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit. (See R.61- 9. 122.44(g». (2) Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit. (3) Violationofa maximumdailydischarge limitationfor anyofthepollutants listedbytheDepartment inthepermittobereportedwithin 24hours (SeeR 61-9

.122.44(g) ). Ifthepermitcontainsmaximum limitations for any ofthe pollutants listed below, a violation ofthe maximum limitations shall be reported orally to the DHEClBureau ofWaterlWaterEnforcement Division within 24 hours or the next business day. (a) Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET), 

### (b) tributyl tin (TBT), and (c) any ofthe following bioaccumulative pollutants: ex

### BHC Mercury {jBHC 

### Mirex 

# o

BHC (Lindane) Octachlorostyrene BHC PCBs Chlordane DDD DDE DDT Dieldrin Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Pentachlorobenzene Photomirex 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 2,3,7,8-TCDD Toxaphene

c. The Department maywaive the written report on a case-by-case basis for reports underPart II.L.5.b of this section ifthe oral report has been received within 24 hours.
6. Other noncompliance.
Thepermittee shall report all instances ofnoncompliancenotreported underPart II.L.4 and 5 ofthis section andPart IV at thetimemonitoringreports are submitted. Thereports shall containtheinformation listedin Part II.L.5 ofthis section.

### PartIl Page 16 of29 Permit No. SC0000876
7. Other information. Where the permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information inapermit application orinanyreportto theDepartment, it shallpromptly submit such facts orinformationto theWaterFacilitiesPermittingDivision. This informationmayresult in 

### permit modification, revocation and reissuance, ortermination in accordance with Regulation 61-9. 8. Existing manufacturing, commercial, mining, and silvicultural dischargers. In 

### addition to the reporting requirements under Part II.L.1-7 ofthis section, all existing manufacturing, commercial, mining, and silvicultural dischargers must notifY the DHEC/Bureau of WaterlWater Enforcement Division ofthe Department as soon as they know orhave reason to believe:

a. That any activityhas occurred or

### will occurwhichwouldresultinthe discharge on aroutine orfrequent basis, ofanytoxicpollutantwhichisnot limitedinthepermit, ifthat discharge

### will exceedthehighestof the following "notification levels": (1) One hundred micrograms per liter (100 JLg/I); (2) Twohundredmicrogramsperliter (200JLg/I) for acrolein and acrylonitrile; five hundredmicrograms perliter (500 JLg/I) for 2,4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; and one milligramper liter 

### (I mg/l) for antimony; (3) Five (5)timesthemaximumconcentrationvaluereported for thatpollutantinthepermit application; or (4) The level established bythe Department in accordance with section R.61-9.122.44(f). b. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in any discharge, on a non-routine or infrequent basis, ofa toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, ifthat discharge will exceed in the highest ofthe following "notification levels":

M. 

### Bypass (1) Five hundred micrograms per liter (500 JLg/l); (2) One milligram per liter (1 mg/l) for antimony; (3) Ten (10)timesthe maximumconcentrationvaluereported for thatpollutantinthepermit application in accordance with R.61-9.122.21(g)(7). (4) The level established bythe Department in accordance with section R.61-9.l22.44(f).

1. Bypass not exceeding limitations. The permittee may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effiuent limitations to be exceeded but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to the provisions ofPart II.M.2 and 3 ofthis section.

### Part II Page 17 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 2. Notice.

a. Anticipated bypass. Ifthe pennittee mows in advance ofthe need for a bypass, it shall submit prior notice, ifpossible, at least ten days before the date ofthe bypass to the DHEClBureau ofWater 

### I Water Facilities Pennitting Division. b. Unanticipated bypass. Thepermittee shall submit notice ofan unanticipated bypass as required in Part II.L.5 ofthis section.
3. Prohibition ofbypass

a. Bypass is prohibited, and the Department maytake enforcement action against a pennittee for bypass, unless: 

### (1) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss oflife, personal injury, or severe property damage; (2) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use ofauxiliary treatment facilities, retention ofuntreated wastes, ormaintenance duringnonnalperiods ofequipment downtime. This condition is not satisfied ifadequateback-up equipment shouldhavebeeninstalledinthe exerciseof reasonable engineeringjudgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during nonnal periods of equipment downtime orpreventive maintenance; and (3) The pennittee submitted notices as required under Part II.M.2 ofthis section. b. The Department may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its adverse effects, if the Department detennines thatitwillmeetthe three conditions listed above in PartII.M.3.aofthis section. N. Upset
1. Effect ofanupset. Anupset constitutes an affinnative defenseto an actionbrought for noncompliancewith such technologybased pennit effluent limitations ifthe requirements ofPart II.N.2 ofthis section are met. No detenninationmade during administrativereview ofclaimsthatnoncompliancewas causedbyupset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final administrative action subject tojudicial review. 2. Conditions necessary for a demonstration ofupset. A pennittee who wishes to establish the affinnative defense ofupset shall demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that:

a. An upset occurred and that the pennittee can identifythe cause(s) ofthe upset; b. The pennitted facility was at the time being properly operated; and

c. The pennittee submitted notice ofthe upset as required in Part II.L.5.b(2) ofthis section. d. The pennittee complied with anyremedial measures required under Part II.D ofthis section.

### Part II Page 18 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 3. Burden ofproof. In any enforcement proceeding, the pennittee seeking to establish the occurrence ofan upset has the burden ofproof. O. Misrepresentation ofInfonnation
1. Anypersonmaking application for a NPDES dischargepermitorfiling anyrecord, report, orotherdocument pursuantto a regulation ofthe Department, shall certifythat all infonnation contained in suchdocument is true. All application facts certified to by the applicant shall be considered valid conditions ofthe pennit issued pursuant to the application.
2. Anyperson who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report, or other documents filed with the Department pursuant to the State law, and the rules and regulations pursuant to that law, shallbedeemedto have violated a permitcondition and shall be subject to the penalties provided for pursuant to 48-1-320 or48-1-330.

### PartIII. Limitations and Monitoring Requirements A. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements


### 1. FINAL LIMITS: Duringtheperiodbeginningontheeffectivedate ofthispermitandlastingthroughtheexpirationdate, thepermitteeis authorizedto discharge from outfall serial number 001: process wastewater, sanitarywastewater and utility water. Such disch. hallbe limited and 'ed bvth, "'fied bel

- - - 

### DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS MONITORING EFFLUENT CHARACfERISTICS 

### Mass (lbs/day) Other Units (Specify) REQUIREMENTS 

### Monthly Daily Monthly Daily Sampling Sample Type Avera2e Maximum Avera2e Maximum**Frequen~** Flow MR1,MGD MR1,MGD



## - 

# - Daily Continuous2 pH


## - - Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su3 IlWeek Grab Biochemical OxygenDemand (BODs) 8 10,220 20,440


## - - 1IWeek 24Hr.Comp. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 21,900 43,800 MRI mg/l MRI mgll llWeek 24 Hr. Compo Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N)



## - - 2

...0mgll 4.0mgll I/Quarter 24Hr.Comp. Fecal Coliform



## - 

# - 200/100 ml 400/100 ml 1IMonth Grab Color (Effiuent)4



## - - - MR1CU 1 Near Grab Color(Upstream ofDischarge)4,S


## - - - MR1CU 1 Near Grab Color(Instream increaset



## - - - MR1CU INear Calculated Sulfide6,7


## - - MRI mgll MRI mgll IlMonth Grab

-- -- -- 

# --

- IMR: Monitor and Report 2See Part II.J.t 3See Part I.L. 4See Part V.A.2. sThe ambient upstream sample point shall be taken at the plant's water intake structure. 6See Part V.A.3 7See Part V.A.4. 8See Part V.E.5. 

### h. Samples takenincompliancewiththe monitoringrequirements specifiedabove shallbetakenat thefollowing location(s): after treatmentbutprior to mixing with the receiving stream. •
... c:P"C '"d (II Pl**~** 

# 3**~** ;4-**:=...~ ~** z\O

### o 0

... ......, (ZIN ()\O o o o o 00 ......:l 0\

### Part III Page 20 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 B. Whole Effluent Toxicity and Other Biological Limitations and Monitoring Requirements
1. During the period beginning on the effective date and lasting through the expiration date, the pennittee is authorized to discharge from outfall 001: process wastewater, sanitary wastewater and utility water.

a. 

### S hd' h 

### h 11 b 

## r 't 

### d d 't 

### db th uc ISC arge s a e Iml e an mom ore )y 'tt epennl 'fi db 

### I ee as specl Ie eow: 

### DISCHARGE MONITORING EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS REQUIREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS Quarterly Maximum! Measurement Average! Frequency Sample Type Ceriodaphnia dubia 

### Chronic Whole MR%2 MR%2 IlPennit Tenn3 24 

### hour composite IEffluent Toxicity @ 

### CTC = 3% Ceriodaphnia dubia 

### Chronic Whole IEffluent Toxicity-Reproduction @ 

### MR%2 MR%2 IlPennit Tenn3 24 

### hour composite CTC=3% Ceriodaphnia dubia 

### Chronic Whole IEmuent Toxicity-7-day Survival MR%2 MR%2 IlPennit Tenn3 24 

### hour composite I@CTC=3%

IQuarterly average is defmed as the mean ofpercent effects for all valid tests performed during the monitoring period following the procedures givenin PartV.B.2.d. Maximumis defined as the highestpercenteffect ofall valid testsperformedduring the monitoring period following the procedures in Part V.B.2.d. 2 See Part V.B.2 for additional toxicity reporting requirements. MR = Monitor and Report. 3Valid tests mustbe separatedbyatleast 13 days (fromthe time the frrst sample istaken to start one testuntil the time the frrst sample is taken to start a different test). There is no restriction on when a new test may begin following a failed or invalid test. 

### b. Samples used to demonstrate compliance with the discharge limitations and monitoring requirements specified above shall betaken at ornearthe final point-of-dischargebut, priorto mixingwith the receiving waters or other waste streams.

c. Ifonly one valid test is conducted during the permit term, results from that test must be used to assess compliance with the quarterly average limit as well as the maximum limit. Ifmore than one valid test is completed during any quarter, the mean percent inhibition ofall valid tests must be used to demonstrate compliance with the quarterly average limit.
d. Valid testresults from split samples shall bereported onthe DMR. Forreporting an average on the DMR. individual validresults for eachtest from a split sample are averaged first to determine a samplevalue. That value is averaged with other sample results obtained in the reporting period and the average ofall sample resultsreported. Forreportingthe maximum ontheDMR, individual validresults for each test from a split sample are averaged first to determine a sample value. That value is compared to other sample results obtained in the reporting period and the maximum of all sample results reported. For the purposes of reporting, split samples are reported as a single sample regardless ofthe number oftimes it is split. All laboratories used shall be identified on the DMR attachment.

### Part ill 

### Page 21 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 C. Groundwater Monitoring Requirements 1. During theperiodbeginning onthe effective date ofthispermit and lastingthrough the expiration date, the permittee shall monitor each ofthe six (6) groundwatermonitoring wells (MW-11 S, MW -11D, MW-12S, MW-12D, MW-13S and MW-13D) as specified below:



### PARAMETER MEASUREMENT SAMPLE METHOD FREQUENCY Field pH (standard units) Annually Direct Measurement Field Specific Conductance (umhos/cm) Annually Direct Measurement Water Table Elevation (MSL) Annually Direct Measurement Alkalinity (as CaC03 , mg/I) Annually Bailer Method Chloride (mgll) Annually Bailer Method Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC, mg/l) Annually Bailer Method Dissolved Cadmium (mgll) Annually Bailer Method Dissolved Chromium (mg/l) Annually Bailer Method Dissolved Iron (mg/l) Annually BailerMethod Dissolved Lead (mgll) Annually Bailer Method Dissolved Mercury (mg/l) Annually BailerMethod Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N, mgll) Annually BailerMethod Nitrate as N (mgll) Annually Bailer Method Total Sodium (mgll) Annually BailerMethod Sulfate (mgll) Annually Bailer Method



### 2. Thepermittee shallmonitorall groundwaterparametersconsistentwithconditions establishedbythispermit during the first calendar quarter (January-March) ofeach year. 3. All of the groundwater monitoring wells must be properly maintained at all times so that they yield representative aquifer samples.
4. Groundwater sample collection methods shall beinaccordance with the SCDHEC Environmental Quality Control Environmental Investigations and Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual dated September 2001. D. Sludge Monitoring Requirements
Not applicable to this permit. E. Soil Monitoring Requirements
Not applicable to this permit.

### Part IV Page 22 of29 Pennit No. 

### SC0000876 

### Part IV. Schedule ofCompliance 

### A. Schedule(s)
Not applicable to this pennit.
B. Reports ofcompliance ornoncompliance with, or 

### any progress reports on, interim and final requirements contained in any compliance schedule ofthis permit shall be submitted no later than 14 days following each scheduled date.

### Part

## v Page 23 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 

### PartV. OtherRequirements A. Effluent Requirements
1. There shall be no discharge offloating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts, nor shall the effluent cause a visible sheen on the receiving waters. 2. The National Council ofthe Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. (NCASI) method in NCASIBulletinNumber253, "AnInvestigationofImprovedProcedures for Measurement of MillEflluent and Receiving Water," shall be used in measuring the color levels. Prior to determining the color, any turbidity should be removed by filtration through a membrane filter having a pore size of0.80 microns. The filter used must be the non-wetted variety.
The calculated color increase is to be determined as follows:
Cr

## = Oe(Ce

- Cu) where Qu+Qe Qe 

## =Effluent Flow (CFS) Ce

## =Effluent Color Cu

## =Upstream River Color Qu

## =Upstream River Flow (CFS) Cr

## =Increase in River Color
Colorsamples shallbe grab sampleswiththe upstream sampletaken atthepermittee's waterintake. Daily values for Qe, Ce, Qu, Cu, and Cr must be submitted with the DMR as a separate attachment and kept on-site for inspection byDepartmentpersonnel.
3. Thispermitmaybereopenedto eliminate monitoring orto include additionalmonitoring and/orlimitations for sulfide based on monitoring results obtained.
4. When the derived permit effluent limitation based on numeric criteria is below the practical quantitation limit (PQL), the PQL and analytical method statedbelow shallbe considered as beingin compliance with thepermitlimit. Additionally, wherethepermitrequires onlymonitoring andreporting (MR), thePQLand analytical method stated below shall be used for reporting results. 

### Parameter Analytical Method PQL Sulfide 376.2 0.10 

### ll!gli
5. Unless authorized elsewhere inthisPermit, thepermitteemustmeetthe followingrequirements concerning maintenance chemicals for the following waste streams: once-through noncontact cooling water, recirculated coolingwater, boilerblowdownwater, and airwasherwater. Maintenance chemicals shallbe defined as anyman-induced additives to the above-referenced waste streams.

a. Detectable amounts ofany ofthe one hundred and twenty-six priority pollutants is prohibited in the discharge, ifthe pollutants are present due to the use ofmaintenance chemicals.
b. Slimicides, algicides and biocides are to be used in accordance with registration requirements ofthe Federal Insecticides, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.

### Part V Page 24 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876

c. The use ofmaintenance chemicals containing bis(tributyltin) oxide is prohibited. d. Anymaintenance chemicals added to the above-referenced waste streams must degrade rapidly, either due to hydrolytic decomposition orbiodegradation.

e. Discharges ofmaintenance chemicals addedto waste streamsmustbe limited to concentrations which protect indigenous aquatic popUlations in the receiving stream. f. Thepennitteemustkeep sufficient documentation on-sitethatwould showthatthe aboverequirements are being met. The information shall be made available for on-site review by Department personnel during nonnal workinghours.
g. The occurrence ofinstream problems may necessitate the submittal of chemical additive data and pennit modification to include additional monitoring and limitations. B. Whole Effluent Toxicity and Other Biological Requirements

1. 

### Acute Toxicity
Not applicable to this pennit.
2. Chronic Toxicity (For the requirements identified in Part III.B):

a. A 

### Ceriodaphnia dubia three brood chronic toxicity test shall be conducted at the frequency stated in Part III.B, Effluent Toxicity Limitations and Monitoring Requirements, using the chronic test concentration (CTC) of3% and the following test concentrations: 0% (control), 1%,2%,3%,6% and 12% effluent. Thepennitteemayadd additional test concentrationswithoutpriorauthorizationfrom the Departmentprovidedthatthetestbeginswith at least 10replicates ineachconcentration and all datais used to detennine pennit compliance.
b. The test shall be conducted using EPA Method 1002.0 in accordance with "Short-Term Methods for EstimatingChronicToxicityofEflluents and ReceivingWatersto FreshwaterOrganisms,"EP

### N8211R02/013 

### (October 2002).

c. The permittee shall use the linear interpolation method described in "Short-Term Methods for Estimating ChronicToxicityofEflluents andReceivingWatersto FreshwaterOrganisms,"EP

### N8211R02/013 

### (October 2002), Appendix M to estimate the percent effect at the CTC according to the equations in d below. 

# d. The linear inteIJlOlation estimate of percent effect is 

# (1

-

# M:,)-100 if the 

# ere is a tested

M

- M J+1 

### -M J 

### *C 

### + MJ+ I 

### -MJ 

### *CTC concentration. Otherwise, it is J 

### CJ+I

- C J J 

### C J +

### I- C J**I-------~--~------~~~-----** 

### *100. Ml

### Part V Page 25 of29 Permit No. SC0000876
Thepermittee shall reportthepercent effect onboth Ceriodaphnia dubia survival andreproduction at the CTC. Overallpercenteffectisthe greaterofthepercent effect onsurvival andreproduction. On 

### the DMR Attachment, the permittee shall also report the IC25 and, using the same test data, the 48-hour chronic LCso.

e. A test shall be invalidated if any part ofMethod 1002.0 is not followed or ifthe laboratory is not certified at the time the test is conducted. f. All valid toxicity test results shall be submitted onthe DHEC Form 3710 entitled "DMRAttachment forToxicityTestResults" 

### inaccordance withPart II.LA. In addition, results from all invalidtests must beappendedto DMRs, includinglab control data. Thepermitteehas soleresponsibilityfor scheduling toxicitytests so as to ensure there is sufficient opportunityto complete and report therequired number ofvalid test results for each monitoring period.
g. The permittee is responsible for reporting a valid test during each monitoring period. However. the Department acknowledges thatinvalidtestsmayoccur. All of the following conditionsmustbesatisfied for the permittee to be in compliance with Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing requirements for a particular monitoring period when a valid test was not obtained. (1) A minimum of five (5) tests have been conducted which were invalid in accordance with Part V.B.l.e above; (2) The data and results ofall invalid tests are attached to the DMR; (3) At least one additional State-certifiedlaboratoryis used aftertwo (2) consecutiveinvalidtests were determined bythe first laboratory. The name(s) and lab certification number(s) ofthe additional lab(s) shall bereported in the comment section ofthe DMR; and (4) A valid test was reported during each ofthe previous three reporting periods.
Ifthese conditions are satisfied. the permittee may enter "H" in the appropriate boxes on the toxicity DMR and add the statement to the Comment Section ofthe DMRthat "H indicates invalid tests." h. Thispermitmaybemodifiedbased onnewinformationthat supports amodificationinaccordancewith Regulation 61-9.122.62 and Regulation 61-68.D. 3. Instream Macroinvertebrate Assessment
Not applicable to this permit. C. Groundwater Requirements
Groundwater monitoring requirements as detailed in this permit supersede monitoring requirements in the approved monitoring plan dated March 25. 1992. The results of groundwater monitoring mayjustifY the application of permit conditions that aredifferent orabsent 

### inthe existingpermit. Thispermitmaybemodified to address, includingbutnot limitedto, anyadditionalparameters, analytical methodologies. and/ormonitoring wells needed to expand characterization ofthe prescribed indicatorparameters. This condition shall not be

### Part

## v Page 26 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876 construed to alter the Department's power or pennittee's responsibilities as set forth in the S.C. Pollution Control Act, Section 48-1-50(22). D. Sludge Requirements
1. Thepennittee shall applyin writingto the DHEC/Bureau ofWaterrequesting written approval for sludge disposal. A letter ofacceptance from the facility that will accept the sludge for disposal orreuse shall be included with the request. 2. Odor Control Requirements The pennitholder shall use bestmanagementpractices nonnallyassociated with the properoperation and maintenance ofa sludge wastewater treatment site, any sludge storage or lagoon areas, transportation of sludges, and all otherrelated activities to ensure that an undesirable level ofodor does not exist.

a. In 

### accordance with R.61-9.504.S0 (Odor Control Requirements were added to Regulation 61-9 on December 26, 2003), the pennittee shall prepare an odor abatement plan for the industrial sludge treatment sites, any sludge storage or lagoon areas, and land application or land disposal sites. Pennittees that land apply sludge must prepare the plan within 180 days ofthe effective date ofthis regulation. Otherwise, the pennittee has one year to prepare the plan. (1) Operation and maintenance practices which are used to eliminate or minimize undesirable odor levels in the fonn ofbest management practices for odor control; (2) Use oftreatment processes for reduction ofundesirable odors; (3) Use ofsetbacks; (4) Contingency plans and methods to address odor problems for the different type of disposaVapplication methods used. b. The Department may review the odor abatement plan for compliance with R.61-9.S04.S0. The Department may require changes to the plan as appropriate.

c. The pennittee shall not cause, allow, or pennit emission into the ambient air of any substance or combinations ofsubstances in quantities that an undesirable level ofodoris detenninedto resultunless preventative measures of the type set out below are taken to abate or control the emission to the satisfaction ofthe Department. Should an odor problem come to the attention ofthe Department through field surveillance or specific complaints, the Department may detennine, in accordance with section 48-1-120 ofthe Pollution Control Act, ifthe odoris at an undesirable level byconsidering the character and degree ofinjury orinterference to: (I) The health orwelfare ofthe people; (2) Plant, animal, freshwater aquatic, ormarine life; (3) Property; or

### Part

# v Page 27 of29 Permit No. SC0000876 (4) Enjoyment oflife oruse ofaffected property. d. ShouldtheDepartmentdeterminethat anundesirable level ofodor exists, theDepartmentmayrequire: (1) The permittee to submit a corrective action plan to address the odorproblem, (2) Remediation ofthe undesirable level ofodor within a reasonable timeframe, and (3) 

### In an order, specific methods to address the problem.

e. Ifthepermitteefails to control orabatethe odorproblems addressed inthis sectionwithinthe specified timeframe, the Department mayrevoke disposaVapplication activities associated with the site or the specific aspect ofthe sludge management program. f. The odorabatementplan shallbeupdated andmaintainedas necessarythroughoutthe life of thepermit. E. Other Conditions
1. Thepermittee shallmaintain anall weatheraccessroad to the wastewatertreatmentplant, land application areas, and appurtenances at all times.
2. The wastewater treatment plant shall be assigned a classification ofGroup 

### N -Biological in the Permit to Construct which is issuedbytheDepartment. This classification corresponds to an operatorwith a Grade ofA-Biological.
3. Thepermittee shall monitorall parameters consistent with conditions establishedbythispermit onthe 1st Tuesdayofeverycalendarmonth, unless otherwise approvedbythisDepartment. If nodischarge occurs on this day, the permittee shall collect an effluent sample during the reportingperiod ona daywhen there is a discharge. If there is no discharge during the entire reporting period, the permittee shall report "no discharge" for the reporting period for all parameters. Additional monitoring as necessary to meet the frequency requirements ofthis permit shall beperformed bythe permittee.
4. The permittee shall notify the affected downstream water treatment plant(s) ofany emergency condition, plantupset, bypass orother system failure whichhas thepotential to affect the qualityofwaterwithdrawn for drinking waterpurposes. This notification should be made as soon as possible and in anticipation of such event, iffeasible, without taking away from any response time necessary to attempt to alleviate the situation.
5. A daily effluent limitation on thehydrographically controlled release (HCR) givenbelow will restrict the discharge. The release of effluent BODs shall not exceed on a daily basis the BODs limit at the corresponding river flows (average for a full day), but otherwise shall not exceed a monthly average of 10,220 lbs/day and a dailymaximum of20,440lbs/day. The following HCRisbasedonan f-ratio of4.72. Daily values for allowable BODs (lbs/day, table below) discharged based on river flow, along with the measured BOD5 

### (lbs/d) and the average daily flow ofthe river, 

### Qr (cfs), shall bereported each monitoring period in tabular format as an attaclunent to the DMRs.· j,,-;... _._--_._.""'""'"'"-

. ...,. 

### Part

# v Page 28 of29 Pennit No. SC0000876

a. For the months of March through October: The pennittee shall comply with the daily effiuent limitations at48%below guideline ontheHCRgivenbelowuntil suchtime as theDepartmentnotifies the permittee that one ofthe following has occurred: 

### (1) the CityofJohnsonville's (SC0025933) approval toplaceinoperationat 4.5 MGDhasbeenissued (thepermittee shall then complywith the daily effiuent limitations at 50%below guideline onthe HCR given below); (2) the CityofMarion's (SC0046230) approval to place inoperation at 10MGD has been issued (the permittee shall then complywiththe dailyeffiuent limitations at 51% below guidelineonthe HCR given below) or (3) the CityofMarion's (SC0046230) approval to place in operation at 10 MGD has been issued and theCityofJohnsonville's (SC0025933) approval to placeinoperation at 4.5 MGDhasbeenissued (thepermittee shall then complywith the daily effiuent limitations at 53% below guideline on the HCR given below).


### 48% 

### below 50% below 51% 

### below 53% 

### below River Flow (els) 

### guideline guideline guideline guideline 

### BODs Obs/day) 

### BODs (lbs/day) 

### BODs (lbs/day) BODs 

### (Ibs/day) 

### 695 < 

### Qr < 

### 1624 8.6 

## * Qr

- 

### 8340 8.9· Qr

- 

### 9179 9.1 

## *Qr

- 

### 9690 8.9 

## * Qr

- 

### 9565 1625 < Qr < 

### 1750 5693 5474 5365 5146 1750 < 

### Qr < 

### 1820 6116 5897 5788 5569 1820 < 

### Qr 

### < 

### 1900 6540 6321 6212 5993 1900 < Qr 

### < 

### 1990 7240 7021 6912 6693 1990 < Qr < 

### 2080 7579 7360 7251 7032 2080 < 

### Qr 

### < 

### 2170 8087 7868 7759 7540 2170 < Qr 

### < 

### 2240 8575 8356 8247 8028 2240 < 

### Qr < 

### 2450 9062 8843 8734 8515 2450 < 

### Qr < 

### 2650 10291 10072 9963 9744 2650 < 

### Qr < 

### 2850 11519 11300 11191 10972 2850 < Qr < 

### 3050 13977 13758 13649 13430 3050 < Qr 

### < 

### 3250 15206 14987 14878 14659 3250 < 

### Qr < 

### 3450 17663 17444 17335 17116 3450 < 

### Qr 

### < 

### 3650 18901 18682 18573 18354 3650 < 

### Qr 

### 20440 20440 20440 20440

### Part V Page 29 of29 Permit No. SC0000876
b. Forthe months ofNovember through February:

River Flow (efs) BODs (lbs/day) Qr < 

### 1624 3.8* (Qr) 

### 1625 < 

### Qr < 

### 1750 6292 1750 < 

### Qr < 

### 1820 6715 1820 < 

### Qr < 

### 1900 7139 1900 < 

### Qr < 

### 1990 7839 1990 < 

### Qr < 

### 2080 8178 2080 < 

### Qr < 

### 2170 8686 2170 < 

### Qr < 

### 2240 9174 2240 < 

### Qr < 

### 2450 9661 2450 < Qr < 

### 2650 10890 2650 < 

### Qr < 

### 2850 12118 2850 < 

### QT' < 

### 3050 14576 3050 < 

### Qr < 

### 3250 15805 3250 < 

### Qr < 

### 3450 18262 3450 < 

### Qr < 

### 3650 19500 3650 < 

### Qr 20440
6. There shall be no use ofpentachlorophenols or trichlorophenols.

## Smurfit-Stone Container Enterprises, Inc. NPDES Permit No. SC0000876 Permitting Engineer: Melanie Townley Facility Rating: Major

## t8J (EPA review required) Minor 

# D (EPA review maybe required; see below) Permit application included in Attachment 1. Facility Address: P.o. Box 100544, Florence, SC 29501 (see map, Attachment 2) County: Florence Watershed: Basin 04 (pee Dee Basin)
Issuance (New) 

## D Reissuance 

# D Modification 

## IZJ
Ifthis application is for a new facility or expansion ofan existing facility, an antidegradation review mayberequired perthe requirements ofR.61-68.D. Facility Description (include SIC code): This facility manufactures unbleached kraft linerboard and bag paper. SIC Code is 2631
Outfalls are discussed in Section III ofthis rationale with a general description of the discharge, treatment system, stream flows and otherpertinent information about each outfall.
-tIs any discharge subject to any ofthe Primary Industry Categories identified in R.61-9.122, Appendix A as listed at right? Yes (Ifyes, EPA review required.) Indicate category(ies) applicable and Regulations governing the discharge: Pulp, Paper and Paperboard, 40 CFR Part 430 Receiving Water: 001- Great Pee Dee River Receiving Water Classification (see R.61-69 for water classifications): Fresh Water Rationale Page 1 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

October 19,2007

Primary Industry Categories Adhesives and sealants Aluminum fonning Auto and other laundries Battery manufacturing Coal mining Coil coating Copper fonning Electrical and electronic components Electroplating Explosives manufacturing Foundries Gum and wood chemicals Inorganic chemicals manufacturing Iron and steel manufacturing Leather tanning and finishing Mechanical products manufacturing Nonferrous metal manufacturing Ore mining Organic chemicals manufacturing Paint and ink formulation Pesticides Petroleum refining Pharmaceutical preparations Photographic equipment and supplies Plastics processing Plastic and synthetic materials manufacturing Porcelain enameling Printing and publishing Pulp and paper mills Rubber processing Soap and detergent manufacturing Steam electric power plants Textile Mills Timber Products Processing**~Does** any discharge(s) have the potential to affect waters in another state? No (Ifyes, EPA review required.) Is any discharge to Impaired Waters?: Yes If Yes, list the monitoring station number and parameter(s) causing impairment: PD-337 (upstream) and PD-076 (downstream) are impaired for mercury (fish).**~Average** Discharge Flow from outfall with largest average flow: (Qd) (MGD): 13.6 (from permit application) (EPA review required for any average discharge exceeding 0.5 MGD)**~Is** this permit for a Federal facility with a daily average flow greater than 0.05 MOD (from all sources)? No (Ifyes, EPA review required.)
Data from Discharge MonitOring Reports (DMRs) and NPDES permit application (including all subsequent data presented) from 9/30/01-12/31/05 has been used to ev:a.luate permit limitations.I. GENERAL INFORMATION Rationale Page 2 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

A. The effluent from this facility may be subject to the requirements ofany ofthe following regulations:**R.61~9.125,** 129, 133, and 403; 40 CFR Part 136; Subchapter N (40 CFR Parts 400 through 402 and 404 through 471);**R.61~** 9.503,**R.61~9.504** and**R.61~9.505.** 

### B. Authority: This permit is written in accordance with applicable laws and regulations including, but not limited to, Regulation**61~9,** Regulation**61~68,** Pollution Control Act and Clean Water Act. C. Under**R.61~9.124.8** (Fact Sheet), a fact sheet shall be prepared for every draft permit for a major NPDES facility or activity, for every Class I sludge management facility, for every NPDES draft permit that incorporates a variance or requires an explanation under section 124.56(b), and for every draft permit which the Department finds is the subject**ofwide~spread** public interest orraises major issues. D. The conclusions noted in the Rationale establish proposed effluent limitations and permit requirements addressed in**R.61~9.122.43** (Establishing Permit Conditions),**R.61~9.122.44** (Establishing Limitations, Standards and other permit conditions) and other appropriate sections**ofR.61~9.** II. RATIONALE GUIDANCE PROCEDURES
A. The receiving waterbody 7QlO, annual average flow or other critical flow condition at the discharge point, and 7QlO, annual average flow, or other critical flow condition at the boundary of the source water protection area above a proposed or existing drinking water intake (if applicable) are determined by the SCDHEC's Wasteload Allocation Section. The 7QlO, Annual Average Flow or other critical flow conditions are based on information published or verified by the USGS, an estimate extrapolation from published or verified USGS data or from data provided by the permittee. These flows may be adjusted by the Wasteload Allocation Section to account for existing water withdrawals that impact the flow. The 7QlO (or 30Q5 ifprovided by the applicant), annual average flow at the discharge point, or other critical flow condition or 7QlO (or 30Q5 ifprovided by the applicant), annual average flow or other critical flow condition at the boundary ofthe SWP area for a proposed or existing drinking water intake will be used to determine dilution factors, as appropriate, in accordance with**R.61~68.C.4.a** & 4.b for aquatic life, human health, and organoleptic effects respectively. 

### B. Water and organism consumption and drinking water MCL data will be evaluated as human health values when calculating dilution factors. "The Department may, after Notice of Intent included in a notice of a proposed NPDES permit in accordance with Regulation**61~9.124.10,** determine that drinking water MCLs or W/O shall not apply to discharges to those waterbodies where there is: no potential to affect an existing or proposed drinking water source and no state-approved source water protection area." For permitting purposes, a proposed drinking water source is one for which a complete permit application, including plans and specifications for the intake, is on file with the Department at the time of consideration of an NPDES permit application for a discharge that will affect or has the potential to affect the drinking water source." See**R.61~68.E.14.c(5).** The Department defines the source water protection (SWP) area to be the primary SWP area delineated by the**Source~Water** Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Program initiated by the EPA and required by the states to identify SWP areas to protect drinking water sources. Using the procedure described in the document entitled, "Determination ofthe Primary and Secondary**Source~Water** Protection Areas for Selected**Surface~Water Public~Supply**  Systems in South Carolina, 1999," USGS Water Resource Investigations Report 00-4097, the primary SWP area for a drinking water intake is the area which encompasses all**14~digit** Hydrologic Unit Code (HUe) basins that adjoin streams, tributaries, and reservoirs between an intake and the upstream 1**O~percent** exceedance,**24~hour** travel distance (TOT10)' The entire basin above a drinking water intake has been designated as the SWP area where the drainage area is equal to or less than one HUC basin or is estimated to have less than**24~hours** of instream travel time between the intake and the HUC basin in the headwaters ofthe drainage basin.Rationale Page 3 of37 Permit No. SC0000876
C. Application of numeric criteria to protect human health: If separate numeric criteria are given for organism consumption, water and organism consumption (W/O), and drinking water Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), they shall be applied as appropriate. The most stringent of the criteria shall be applied to protect the existing and classified uses ofthe waters ofthe State. See R.61-68.E.14.b(I).
D. Numeric criteria have been established in R.61-68 based on organoleptic data (prevention ofundesirable taste and odor). For those substances which have aquatic life and/or human health numeric criteria and organoleptic numeric criteria, the most stringent ofthe three shall be used for derivation ofpermit effluent limitations. See R.61-68.E.13. E. Sampling Frequency: Samples and measurements taken for the purpose ofmonitoring shall be representative ofthe monitored activity. Monitoring results must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 CFRPart 136, unless other test procedures have been specified in the permit (R.61-9.122.41). Typically requirements to report monitoring results shall be established on a case-by-case basis with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect ofthe discharge but in no case less than once a year (R.61-9.122.44)
F. Compliance Schedules:
I. A person issued an NPDES permit bythe Department who is not in compliance with applicable effluent standards and limitations or other requirements contained therein at the time the permit is issued, shall be required to achieve compliance within a period oftime as set forth bythe Department, with effluent standards and limitations, with water quality standards, or with specific requirements or conditions set bythe Department. The Department shall require compliance with tenns and conditions of the permit in the shortest reasonable period of time as determined thereby or within a time schedule for compliance which shall be specified in the issued permit. 2. Ifa time schedule for compliance specified in an NPDES permit which is established by the Department, exceeds nine (9) months, the time schedule shall provide for interim dates of achievement for compliance with certain applicable terms and conditions ofthe permit. (R.61-9.122.47) O. Procedure for establishing effluent limitations: 1. Effluent limits (mass and concentration) for Five day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BODs), Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Anunonia Nitrogen (as N), and Nutrients are established by the Wasteload Allocation (WLA) Section, with consideration given to technology-based limitations.

a. Five day Biochemical Oxygen Demand 

### BODs, Ultimate Oxygen Demand UOD, Dissolved Oxygen DO: Effluent limits for conventional oxygen demanding constituents (BODs, UOD and DO) are established to protect in-stream water quality and uses, while utilizing a portion of the assimilative capacity of the receiving water. The ability ofa water body to assimilate oxygen-demanding substances is a function ofits physical and chemical characteristics above and below the discharge point. Various mathematical techniques, called models, have been developed to estimate this capacity. The Department follows the procedures as outlined in the "StatelEPA Region IV Agreement on the Development of Wasteload Allocations/Total Maximum Daily Loads and NPDES Permit Limitations" dated October 30, 1991 (as updated) for determining the assimilative capacity of a given water body. Mathematical models such as QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS are used in accordance with "Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS: Documentation and Users Manual" (EPAl600/3-87/007; dated May 1987) as updated. 

### BODs and UOD values determined from modeling results will be used in permitting as monthly average derived limits (Cw/Q)' Daily maximum derived limits will typically be determined by multiplying the monthly average value bytwo.Rationale Page 4 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876
For facilities subject to effluent guidelines limitations or other technology-based limitations, BOD5 will also be evaluated in accordance with the applicable industrial categorical guidelines. These parameters will be identified in Part III ofthis rationale when they are applicable to the pennit. b. Total Ammonia Nitrogen (as N): Ammonia limitations based on oxygen demand will be determined from modeling information as described above. These values will be used as monthly average derived limits and a daily maximum will typically be detennined by mUltiplying the monthly average derived limit by two. These values will be compared with the ammonia water quality criteria for protection ofaquatic life from Regulation 61-68, Attachment 3 and any categorical limitations. The more stringent ofthe limitations will be imposed. Calculations for aquatic life criteria and other wasteload recommendations will be shown later in Part III ofthis rationale when ammonia is a pollutant ofconcern.

c. Discharges ofNutrients: In order to protect and maintain lakes and other waters ofthe State, consideration is given to the control of nutrients reaching the waters ofthe State. Therefore, in accordance with regulation R.61-68.E.l1, the Department controls the nutrients as prescribed below. Nutrient limitations will be determined from the best available information and/or modeling performed bythe Wasteload Allocation Section to meet these water quality standards. 

### i. Discharges ofnutrients from all sources, including point and nonpoint, to waters ofthe State shall be prohibited or limited ifthe discharge would result in orifthe waters experience growths of microscopic or macroscopic vegetation such that the water quality standards would be violated orthe existing or classified uses ofthe waters would be impaired. Loading ofnutrients shall be addressed on an individual basis as necessary to ensure compliance with the narrative and numeric criteria. ii. Numeric nutrient criteria for lakes are based on an ecoregional approach which takes into account the geographic location ofthe lakes within the State and are listed below. These numeric criteria are applicable to lakes of40 acres or more. Lakes ofless than 40 acres will continue to be protected by the narrative criteria. 

### 1. for the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion ofthe State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.02 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 10 ugll, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 0.35 mgll 2. for the Piedmont and Southeastern Plains ecoregions ofthe State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.06 mgll, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ugll, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 mgll
3. for the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plains ecoregion ofthe State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.09 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ugll, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 mg/l. iii. In evaluating the effects ofnutrients upon the quality oflakes and other waters ofthe State, the Department may consider, but not be limited to, such factors as the hydrology and morphometry ofthe waterbody, the existing and projected trophic state, characteristics ofthe loadings, and other control mechanisms in order to protect the existing and classified uses ofthe waters.Rationale Page 5 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876
iv. The Department shall take appropriate action, to include, but not limited to: establishing numeric effluent limitations in permits, establishing Total Maximum Daily Loads, establishing waste load allocations, and establishing load allocations for nutrients to ensure that the lakes attain and maintain the above narrative and numeric criteria and other applicable water quality standards.

v. The criteria specific to lakes shall be applicable to all portions ofthe lake. For this purpose, the Department shall define the applicable area to be that area covered when measured at full pool elevation. 2. Effluent concentration limits (CejJl;",) for parameters other than the parameters listed in G.l.a-c above are established using the following procedures: 

### Q7QJO 7Q 1 0 or other critical flow condition of the receiving water at the discharge point in mgd. (may require adjustment for withdrawals) 

### AAFd Average Annual Flow (AAF) or other critical flow condition of the receiving water at the discharge point in mgd. (mayrequire adjustment for withdrawals) 

### Q7QJOj 7QlO or other critical flow condition ofthe receiving water at the SWP Area boundary in mgd. AAF, Average Annual Flow (AAF) ofthe receiving water at the SWP Area boundary in mgd. Qd Long term average discharge flow in mgd.

a. Determine dilution factors: The following information is to be used (where applicable) for establishing effluent concentration limits: 

### DFt : Dilution factor based on 7QlO or other critical flow condition of the receiving water at the discharge point 

### (Q7QJO). This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following aquatic life and human health concerns for the reasons indicated: i. Aquatic Life (see R.61-68.CA.a(1». Protection ofaquatic life on a short-term basis is needed at the point where aquatic organisms become exposed to the discharge. ii. Human Health**~** Organism Consumption for parameters identified as non-carcinogens per R.61-68.CA.b(1). Protection for human health on a short-term basis for consumption of aquatic organisms is needed at the point the aquatic organisms become exposed to the discharge.



### DF 2 : Dilution factor, at the discharge point, based on the Average Annual Flow ofthe receiving water at the discharge point (AAFd). This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection ofthe following human health and organoleptic concerns for the reasons indicated: i. Human Health**~** Organism Consumption for parameters identified as carcinogens per R.61- 68.CA.b(1). Protection for human health on a long-term basis to prevent cancer due to consumption of aquatic organisms is needed at the point the aquatic organisms become exposed to the discharge where it enters the receiving water. ii. Organoleptic effects per R.61-68.CA.b(1). Protection for taste and odor issues related to the discharge is needed at the point where the discharge enters the receiving water.Rationale Page 6 of37 Permit No. SC0000876



### DF3: Dilution factor based on the 7Q 10 or other critical flow condition at the source water protection area boundary for protection of a proposed or existing water intake downstream ofthe discharge (Q7Qlot). This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection ofthe follOwing human health concerns for the reasons indicated: 

### i. Human Health

- Water and Organism Consumption for parameters identified as noncarcinogens per R.61-68.CA.b(1) and E.14.c(5) to protect for short-term health effects when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of human health relative to drinking the water from the waterbody and consuming aquatic organisms from the same waterbody is provided by this criterion, but drinking the water withdrawn from the waterbody may require a potentially higher level of protection in terms of applicable dilution than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61-68.C.IO(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary ofthe Source Water Protection area will protect the source water protection area and drinking water intake to meet this requirement. For discharges except those to lakes affecting the primary source water protection (SWP) area, dilution will be determined using the largest flow (7QI0 or annual average flow, as appropriate) associated with any 

### Tono point along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. For discharges to lakes affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the sum of the flows (7Q 1 0 or average annual flow, as appropriate) associated with all 

### TOnO point(s) along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area ofthe intake closest to the discharge will be protected. Ifthe entire basin is designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the 

### Ton0 at the beginning ofthe basin, even ifit is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina). ii. Human Health

- Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for parameters identified as non-carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.14.c(5) to protect for short-term health effects when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection ofhuman health relative to drinking the water from the waterbody after conventional treatment per R.61- 68.G is provided by this criterion. In addition, to satisfy the requirements ofR.61-68.C.IO(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary ofthe Source Water Protection area will protect the source water protection area and drinking water intake to meet this requirement.
For discharges except those to lakes affecting the primary source water protection (SWP) area, dilution will be determined using the largest flow (7QI0 or annual average flow, as appropriate) associated with any 

### TOT 1 0 point along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. For discharges to lakes affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the sum of the flows (7QIO or average annual flow, as appropriate) associated with all 

### Ton0 point(s) along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area ofthe intake closest to the discharge will be protected. Ifthe entire basin is deSignated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the 

### TOTIO at the beginning ofthe basin, even ifit is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina).Rationale Page 7 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

DF 4: Dilution factor based on the Average Annual Flow at the source water protection area boundary for protection ofa proposed or existing water intake downstream ofthe discharge (AAF j ). This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection ofthe following human health concerns for the reasons indicated: i. Human Health-Water and Organism Consumption for parameters identified as carcinogens per R.61-68.CA.b(1) and E.14.c(5) to protect for long-term health effects due to cancer when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of human health relative to drinking the water from the waterbody and consuming aquatic organisms from the same waterbody is provided by this criterion, but drinking the water withdrawn from the waterbody may require a potentially higher level of protection in terms of applicable dilution than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61-68.C.1O(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary ofthe Source Water Protection area will protect the source water protection area and drinking water intake to meet this requirement. For discharges except those to lakes affecting the primary source water protection (SWP) area, dilution will be determined using the largest flow (7QlO or annual average flow, as appropriate) associated with any TOTIO point along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. For discharges to lakes affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the sum of the flows (7QlO or average annual flow, as appropriate) associated with all TOTlO point(s) along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area ofthe intake closest to the discharge will be protected. Ifthe entire basin is designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOTIO at the beginning ofthe basin, even ifit is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina). ii. Human Health

- Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for parameters identified as carcinogens per R.61-68.CA.b(1) and E.14.c(5) to protect for long-term health effects due to cancer when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of human health relative to drinking the water from the waterbody and consuming aquatic organisms from the same waterbody is provided by this criterion, but drinking the water withdrawn from the waterbody may require a potentially higher level ofprotection in terms of applicable dilution than consumption oforganisms. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61-68.C.lO(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary ofthe Source Water Protection area will protect the source water protection area and drinking water intake to meet this requirement.
For discharges except those to lakes affecting the primary source water protection (SWP) area, dilution will be determined using the largest flow (7QIO or annual average flow, as appropriate) associated with any TOTIO point along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. For discharges to lakes affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the sum of the flows (7QlO or average annual flow, as appropriate) associated with all TOTlO point(s) along the SWP area boundary upstream ofthe drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area ofthe intake closest to the discharge will be protected. Ifthe entireRationale Page 8 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876
basin is designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the Ton0 at the beginning ofthe basin, even ifit is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina).

b. Detennine monthly average derived limits using the following procedures: 

### WQS Q , Freshwater Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68) for protection ofAquatic Life; maybe a CCC or CMC as defined below 

### WQS"", Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), for protection of Human Health

- Organism Consumption 

### WQS..., Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), for protection of Human Health

- Water & Organism Consumption. Applicable only if any portion ofthe mixing zone for this discharge is in a state-approved source water protection area for a proposed or existing water intake downstream ofthe discharge point. 

### WQSm<1 Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), for Drinking Water MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level). Applicable only if any portion ofthe mixing zone for this discharge is in a state-approved source water protection area for a proposed or existing water intake downstream ofthe discharge point. 

### WQSoI: Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), based on Organoleptic Data. Caql/fe Concentration limit derived from aquatic life data C

HH Concentration limit derived from human health data as determined from organism (Co,!), water/organism (C...,)and MCL (C mcl) data COl Concentration limit derived from organoleptic data C

b Background concentration of the concerned parameter in mg/l is typically detennined from ambient monitoring data or data provided by applicant. The 90th percentile ofambient monitoring data for aquatic life protection for the parameters identified in the Appendix (Water Quality Numeric Criteria) to Regulation 61-68 from the last 3 years, or whatever is available ifless than 3 years, will typically be used per the procedures used for 303(d) listing. The median value of ambient monitoring data for human health protection for the parameters identified in the Appendix (Water Quality Numeric Criteria) to Regulation 61-68 from the last 3 years, or whatever is available ifless than 3 years, will typically be used per the procedures used for 303(d) listing. The background concentration is assumed to be zero (0) in the absence of actual data based on Departmental guidance and EPA recommendation. i. Detennine the derived limit for protection ofAquatic Life (Caql/fe) 1. The following guidelines apply to determining aquatic life limits:

a. Typically, the Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) is applied as a daily maximum derived limit and the Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) is applied as a monthly average derived limit, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. Exceptions exist based on EPA criteria and are indicated for specific parameters. The CMC and CCC for specific metals will be adjusted using the procedures in 60 FR 22229, "Water Quality Standards; Establishment of Numeric Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants; States' Compliance-Revision of Metals Criteria," May 4, 1995 and the "Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation ofAquatic Life Metals Criteria," Oct. 1, 1993 and appliedRationale Page 9 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876

as a daily maximum and monthly average, respectively, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. b. If only a CMC exists for a particular parameter, a daily maximum derived pennit limit only (no monthly average) will be set using that value, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. If only a CCC is given, it will be used as a monthly average derived limit and the daily maximum derived limit will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining pennit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the US EPA's "Technical Support Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control", EPAl505/2-90-001, March 1991 (hereafter known as the TSD).

c. Ifonly an acute toxicity effect concentration for a number ofspecies for a particular pollutant is given.as a LCso, the lowest concentration should be divided by an acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) of 10 and a sensitivity factor of 3.3, for an acceptable instream concentration in order to protect against chronic toxicity effects (from R.61-68.E.16.a(I». Other acute toxicity data will be handled similarly. The value obtained from this calculation will be used as a monthly average derived limit after consideration ofdilution and background concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining pennit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the TSD.
d. If a chronic toxicity effect concentration for a number of species for a particular pollutant is given as a no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the lowest concentration should be divided by a sensitivity factor of 3.3 in order to protect against chronic toxicity to the most sensitive species (from R.61-68.E.16.a(2». Other chronic toxicity data will be handled similarly. The value obtained from this calculation will be used as a monthly average derived limit after consideration ofdilution and background concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 ofthe TSD.

e. Ifboth acute and chronic data are available for a particular pollutant, monthly average derived limit will be calculated as in c and d above for each acute and chronic, respectively. The more stringent ofthe monthly average derived limits will be the monthly average derived limit used after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 ofthe TSD.
2. Consider the background concentration (Cb) of the parameter of concern. If the background concentration is equal to or greater than the applicable standard (WQS, as defined above) for the parameter of concern, then the derived concentration limit (Cql/f<) for that parameter and for the protection ofthat standard, is established equal to the standard (WQS). An exception exists where the naturally occurring instream concentration for a substance is higher than the derived permit effluent limitation. In those situations, the Department may establish permit effluent limitations (C

effllm) at a level higher than the derived limit, but no higher than the natural background concentration. In such cases, the Department may require biological instream monitoring and/or whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing (See R.61-68.E.14.c(2». i.e.
IfC b is not based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

## C b**~** 

## WQSThen, generally, Caqlife 

## =WQS.
IfC b is based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

### C b**~** 

### WQS Then, generally, Caqlife 

### < 

### C eff1im 

# < C b • Rationale Page 10 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

Otherwise, the limits are established as described in Item 3 or4 below. 3. For the parameters listed in Table A below, Regulation R.61-68.E.14.c(4) provides for the use of the EPA Office ofWater Policy and "Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria", October 1, 1993. A subsequent revision published in the Federal Register (60 FR 22229) on May 4, 1995 updated the data in the original report. See R.61-68 Attachment 1 "Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals" and Attachment 2 "Parameters for Calculating Freshwater Dissolved Metals Criteria that are Hardness-Dependent". The following equations and constants will be used to calculate aquatic life metals limits based on the Federal Register data. The water quality standard for these metals (CCC or CMC) will also be adjusted using this approach in accordance with Regulation 61-68.E.14.d(3) for evaluation of ambient water quality. TSS.

TSS avg CF H Effluent Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration in mg/l from actual or proposed monthly average permit limits. Background or in-stream Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration. The background TSS is assumed to be 1 mgll in the absence of actual instream data based on· the 5th percentile ofambient TSS data on South Carolina waterbodies from 1993-2000. Average in-stream (mixed) TSS concentration. Conversion factor considered most relevant in fresh water for aquatic life as defined by EPA in dissolved metals documents for each listed metal Hardness in mg/1 ofCaC03 • Per R.61-68.E.14.a(3), the CMC and CCC are based on a hardness of25 mgll ifthe ambient hardness is less than 25 mgll. Concentrations of hardness less than 400 mgll may be based on the actual mixed stream hardness ifit is greater than 25 mg/l and less than 400 mgll and 400 mgll ifthe ambient hardness is greater than 400 mg/l. The background hardness is assumed to be 25 mg/l in the absence ofactual stream data. Mixed stream hardness maybe determined using effluent hardness and actual stream hardness. Metal-specific eqUilibrium constant Metal-specific constant Linear partition coefficient Linear partition coefficient for use in the derivation ofan adjusted water quality standard Dissolved phase metal concentration Total metal concentration a constant to represent the CCC or CMC The following table lists the values for the constants, the CCC and CMC, and the recommended values of the conversion factors (CF).

### Table A Rationale Page 11 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

Parameter kpo a CMC CFCMC CCC CFccc ("gil) ("gil) Arsenic 0.48 x 106 -0.7286 340 100 150 100 Cadmium 4.00 x 106 -1.1307 0.53* 100* 0.10* 96.7* Chromium+3 3.36 x 106 -0.9304 580* 31.6 28* 86 Chromium+6 3.36 x 106 -0.9304 16 98.2 11 96.2 Copper 1.04 x 106 -0.7436 3.8* 96 2.9* 96 Lead 0.31 x 106 -0.1856 14* 99.3* 0.54* 99.3* Mercury 2.91 x 106 -1.1356 1.6 85 0.91 85 Nickel 0.49 x 106 -0.5719 150* 99.8 16* 99.7 Zinc 1.25 x 106 -0.7038 37* 97.8 37* 98.6 * The equations for calculating the CCC, CMC, and converSlOn factors are glVen In the Appendix to Regulation

61-68 and Attachments land 2 for each parameter. The values given for the CMC and CCC and CF in the table are based on 25 milligrams/liter (mg/l) hardness (as expressed as CaCO). From Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste Load Allocations Book II. Rivers and Streams, EP Al440/484/022: 

### S=CCCorCMC
Cd =SxCF
To determine the adjusted water quality standard (WQSa/), use 

### S and the equation for Cd above and the following equations:

To determine the effluent limit (Caqlife) , use S and the equation for Cd above and the following equations:



### Kp 

## =Kpa x ( 

### TSSavg)a

Once Ct has been calculated, it is multiplied by DFJ and background concentrations are accounted for to obtain the monthly average derived limit (Caqlife):

.

# { (Q7QIO]} Caq1i/e = (Ct 

### xDF;.)- Cb 

### x 

# Q. Rationale Page 12 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876

4. For all other parameters not included in paragraph 3, Table A, monthly average derived limits (Caq1i/e) for aquatic life protection are calculated as follows:

ii. Determine derived limit for protection ofHuman Health I. The follOwing guidelines apply to determining human health limits:

a. The human health criterion given by Regulation 61-68 will be applied as a monthly average derived limit after consideration of dilution and background concentrations (C HH

avg). Exceptions exist based on EPA criteria and are indicated for specific parameters. No limits on human health based on water and organism consumption or drinking water MCLs will be imposed ifthere is no potential to affect a drinking water intake or source water protection area (i.e., ifthere is no intake downstream ofthe discharge). b. The daily maximum permit limit will be determined from the monthly average value from (a) above and a multiplier (M) determined using a statistical procedure recommended in Section 5.5 using average == 95 th percentile from Table 5-3 in the TSD. The permitted or proposed number ofsamples per month (n) is used with the coefficient ofvariation (CV) to determine M. CV is assumed to be 0.6 as a default value ifinfonnation is not known.

where:

2 

## (CV2 

# J an 

### =In -n-+I



## a 2 

## =In(CV2 

## +1) CV ffi · f

.. fth fn

. 

### Std. Deviation == coe IClent 0 vanatlon 0 e e uent concentratIon = ------ 

### Mean n = the number of effluent samples per month (where frequency is less than lImonth, 

### n = 1) 

### z., = the percentile exceedance probability for the daily maximum pennit limit (=2.326 for 99th percentile basis) 

### z. = the percentile exceedance probability for the monthly average permit limit (=1.645 for 95th percentile basis)Rationale Page 13 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876
2. Consider the background concentration (C b) of the parameter of concern. If the background concentration is equal to or greater than the applicable standard (WQS, as defined above) for the parameter of concern, then the derived concentration limit (C HHe) for that parameter and for the protection ofthat standard, is established equal to the standard (WQS). An exception exists where the naturally occurring instream concentration for a substance is higher than the derived permit effluent limitation. In those situations, the Department may establish permit effluent limitations (CejJII",) at a level higher than the derived limit, but no higher than the natural background concentration. In such cases, the Department may require biological instream monitoring and/or whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing (See R.61-68.E.14.c(3». IfC b is not based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

### C b**~** 

### WQS Then, generally, 

### CHH 

### =WQS.
IfC b is based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

### C b ;::: 

### WQS Then, generally, 

### C HH 

### < Cefflim 

# < C b • Otherwise, the limits are established as described in Items 3-6 below. 3. Human Health

- Organism Consumption (C org).

a. For Carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

### Coo< 

## =(DF,

# x WQS""l

# -{c,x(**~d**

# J}

b. For Non-carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:



### C"" 

## =(DE;

# x WQSoo<l

# -{c,x(**Q~** ..

# J}

4. Human Health

- Water and Organism Consumption (C...,)

a. For Carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

### C_ 

### =(DF,XWQS_l-{C,x(

# ~J}
b. ForNon-carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:Rationale Page 14 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

5. Human Health

- Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) (Cmcl).

a. For Carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:

b. ForNon-carcinogens The MonthlyAverage is calculated as follows:

6. Organoleptic criteria (Col). The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:

c. Determine most stringent of applicable data using the monthly average derived limits determined or calculated above: C<ff/Im = minimum of(Coqi/fo, 

### Co"" Cwo, C mci, Col, C",,) Note: If a CMC is present for the parameter ofconcern, the daily maximum derived limit obtained from that calculation must also be considered under reasonable potential. d. Determine whether the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality violation. Regulation 61-9.l22.44(d)(1)(i) states: "Limitations must control all pollutants or pollutant parameters (either conventional, nonconventional, or toxic pollutants) which the Department determines are or may be discharged at a level which will cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any State water quality standard, including State narrative criteria for water quality." When determining whether a discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to an instream excursion, the Department will use procedures which account for controls on point and nonpoint sources ofpollution, the variability ofthe pollutant in the effluent, the sensitivity ofthe species to toxicity testing (when evaluating whole effluent toxicity), and, where appropriate, the dilution ofthe effluent in the receiving water (R.61-9.122.44(d)(1)(ii».Rationale Page 15 of37 Permit No. SC0000876
Based on the above statements, there are three scenarios when limitations are required, as follows: 

### i. When data provided by the permit applicant indicates values greater than the proposed limitation derived above, that discharge will**~** an excursion above a narrative or numeric water quality criterion. ii. A discharge will be determined to contribute to an excursion of a water quality criterion when the waterbody is impaired (e.g., on the 303(d) list) for the parameter ofconcern and that parameter is also being discharged at levels above the water quality criterion. iii. Reasonable potential to cause a water quality violation is determined using the following information: Chapter 3 of the TSD provides information for determining the need for permit limits based on the regulatory statements above. A statistical procedure is also presented in Chapter 3 for use in determining reasonable potential from effluent data. Other statistical methods may be used as well to evaluate data sets. "National Guidance for the Permitting, Monitoring, and Enforcement of Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations Set Below Analytical DetectioniQuantitation Level" draft dated March 22, 1994, offers recommendations on how to interpret data below detection capabilities to make a reasonable potential analysis. All pollutants given in a wasteload allocation or an effluent limitation guideline will be limited in the permit. When effluent data consists of non-quantifiable/non-detectable values or when no effluent data is available, other factors and information are considered to determine reasonable potential. In situations where a pollutant is known to be present in the wastestream (due to production data or other information), we know it is being discharged and has the potential to impact even though it may not be quantifiable. The fact that it is present will be enough information to say reasonable potential exists for that pollutant. Therefore, a reasonable potential decision is based on various data and information, and not just non-quantifiable/non-detectable data. Consideration is given to existing data, dilution in the waterbody, type ofreceiving water, designated use, type ofindustry/wastestream, ambient data, history ofcompliance, and history oftoxic impact. Ifany source ofinformation indicates reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the water quality standard, a water quality limit will be developed. 

### Note: The result of the following calculations may indicate that reasonable potential does not exist. However, as stated above. other information may "override" this numerical determination to justify the need for a limit. 1. The procedure for determining reasonable potential from actual effluent data is explained in Box 3-2 on page 53 of the TSD. Multiplying factors are determined from Table 3-2 at a 95% confidence level and 95% probability in Section 3.3.2. The following describes the procedures used for determining reasonable potential for chemical-specific parameters and WET, under certain circumstances. More information on determining reasonable potential for WET is given in Item 2 below. Step 1: Data Analysis: The statistical calculations involved in the "Reasonable Potential" analysis require discrete numerical data. The follOwing describes how the effluent data will be used in determining reasonable potential.Rationale Page 16 of37 Permit No. SC0000876
Actual analytical results should be used whenever possible. Results less than detection and quantification should be used as follows:

a. Ifthe permittee reports results below the practical quantitation limit (PQL) (as defined by the permit), then the reported "less than PQL" value for a given sample is generally assumed to be zero. b. Ifthe permittee uses a detection/quantification level that is greater than the PQL, then the reported "less than" value for a given sample is generally assumed to be a discrete value equal to the detection/quantification level used bythe permittee.

c. If the reported data consists of both discrete and non-discrete values and/or the data is reported using varying detection/quantification levels, then, generally, a combination of the above two approaches is used, or the data is evaluated in a manner that is most appropriate for that data set. Note: For information on the acceptable analytical methods and PQLs please refer to NPDES permit application attachment titled "Practical Quantitation Limits (PQL) and Approved Test Methods." Step 2: Using data from the permit application, other data supplied by the applicant and/or Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) data, determine the total number ofobservations (n) for a particular set ofeffluent data and determine the highest value (COl"') from that data set. For the monthly average comparison, the data set will include monthly average results and 

### n will be the number ofmonths in which they sampled in the time period being evaluated. When there is also a daily maximum comparison, the data set will include daily maximum results and 

### n will be the total number of samples in the time period being evaluated. Individual results may not necessarily be used in the calculation. Step 3: Determine the coefficient ofvariation (CV) for the data set. For a data set where n>lO, the CV is calculated as standard deviation divided by mean for the data set being evaluated. For data set where n<lO, the CV is estimated to equal 0.6. For less than 10 items of data, the uncertainty in the CV is too large to calculate a standard deviation or mean with sufficient confidence. 

### CV 

## =0.6 for 

### n 

### < 10

CV

## = (j for 

### n > 10 

### J1 where: 

### a = Standard Deviation ofthe samples 

### J1 

## =Mean ofthe samples Step 4: Determine the appropriate multiplying factor (MF) from either Table 3-2 or using the formulae in Section 3.3.2 ofthe TSD.

a. Determine the percentile represented bythe highest concentration in the sample data.


### Pn 

## =(1- ConfidenceLevel)I / nRationale Page 17 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876
where: p. 

## =Percentile represented bythe highest concentration in the data 

### n 

## =number ofsamples Confidence Level = 0.95 i.e. 95% b. Detennine the mUltiplying factor (MF), which is the relationship between the percentile described above (C p) and the selected upper bound ofthe lognormal effluent distribution, which in this case will be the 95 th percentile (Cos).

where: Z9S is the standardized Z-score for the 95th percentile of the standardized normal distribution = 1.645 Zp is the standardized Z-score for thep,h percentile ofthe standardized nonnal distribution.(detennined in (b) above) Note: The values of Z-scores are listed in tablesfor the normal distribution. 

## Ifusing Microsofi® Excel, this can be calculated using the NORMSINV function.

Step 5: Multiply the highest value from the data set (C

..",) by the multiplying factor (MF) determined in Step 4 to obtain the maximumreceiving water concentration (R WC). 

### RWC = 

### Cmax 

### xMF Step 6: RWC SDerived monthly average limit (C""lIm) implies that a reasonable potential does not exist. RWC > Derived monthly average limit (CejJl",,) implies that a reasonable potential exists. Note: Ifa CMC is available for a given parameter, the daily maximum value will be used in addition to the monthly average for a detennination ofreasonable potential.
2. Reasonable potential for WET may be detennined from numerical data using one ofthe following procedures:

a. When the effluent data is given in tenns of percent effluent as an IC25, LCso and/or NOEC values: Step 

### 1: Convert the given values to toxic units: 

### TU. for acute data and TU for chronic data, respectively, using the following fonnulae. Please note that an NOEC derived using the IC25 is approximately the analogue ofan NOEC derived using hypothesis testing. The IC2s is the preferred statistical method for determining the NOEC (EPA TSD, March 1991, p.6).

### TU 

## = 100
a 

### LC so 

### TU 

## = 100

e 

### NOEC or 

### TU e 

## = 100 ifIC25 available 

### IC 2s Rationale Page 18 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876

Step 2: Using DMR data or other data provided by the applicant, detennine the total number of observations (n) for a particular set ofeffluent data and determine the highest value (TU a, max or rUe, n..**~)** from that data set. Step 3: Determine the coefficient ofvariation (CV) for the data set. For a data set where n>lO, the CVis calculated as standard deviation divided by mean. For data set where n<10, the CV is estimated to equal 0.6. For less than 10 items ofdata, the uncertainty in the CVis too large to calculate a standard deviation or mean with sufficient confidence. Step 4: Detennine the appropriate multiplying factor (MF) from either Table 3-2 or using the fonnulae in Section 3.3.2. (see iii. I, Step 4 above). Step 5: Multiply the highest value of

# ru., max or 

# rUe, max from the data set by the mUltiplying factor (MF) determined in Step 4 and the dilution at the edge of the mixing zone (the test concentration obtained from mixing zone modeling or demonstration) to obtain the maximum receiving water concentration (R WC) RWCfor Acute Toxicity = [TU., max'" MF'" cone. atMZ boundary} RWCfor Chronic Toxicity = [Tv;" max'" MF

... cone. atMZboundary] Step 6: RWC for Acute Toxicity '5f).3TU. implies that a reasonable potential does not exist RWC for Acute Toxicity> O.3TU. implies that a reasonable potential exists RWCfor Chronic Toxicity '51.0TU e implies that a reasonable potential does not exist RWCfor Chronic Toxicity>1.OTU e implies that a reasonable potential exists b. When pass/fail effluent data only is available and all tests have passed, the Department may be able to determine reasonable potential in a manner similar to Item I above assuming the test concentration of interest is greater than or equal to the concentration at which the permittee has tested. If the pennittee has not tested at or above the test concentration of interest, the Department cannot say that reasonable potential does not exist, unless perhaps, circumstances related to the discharge have changed. If any failures exist in the data set that cannot be removed, reasonable potential may be determined to exist.

c. Other methods for detennining reasonable potential may be used ifappropriatelyjustified.

e. Detennine permit limits based on water quality data i. When the discharge is detennined to cause or have the reasonable potential to cause a water quality violation for a particular parameter, except WET, limits are needed. Limits are typically based on the monthly average values calculated from G.2.c above. However, daily maximum values may be evaluated under reasonable potential under certain circumstances. Ifreasonable potential exists for either average or maximum derived limits, limits on both are needed per Regulation 61-9.122.45(d).Rationale Page 19 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876 

### 1. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on a wasteload allocation for oxygen-demanding pollutants and nutrients and

a. no CMC exists, the water quality limits are monthly average 

## =C..,. daily maximum = 2 xC..,. b. a CMC exists (for ammonia), the water quality limits are monthly average = C

... and the daily maximum is the most stringent of daily maximum 

## =2 x C

... or daily maximum = Caq/;fe-<lmusing CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 2. Ifthe monthly average from G.2.c is based on aquatic life data given as a CCC, ifthe discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality violation based on the monthly average and a CMC also exists for the parameter, the water quality limits are monthly average = Caq'/f<_m.using CCC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 daily maximum = CQqh,e-d

..using CMC as WQS in G.2.bj.3 or 4 3. Ifthe monthly average from G.2.c is based on aquatic life data given as a CCC and ifthe discharge does not cause, have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to a water quality violation for that monthly average, but a CMC also exists for the parameter and the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality violation based on that daily maximum, the water quality limits are monthly average = Caqhfr-mQusing CCC as WQS in G.2.bj.3 or 4 daily maximum = Caqlife-dmusing CMC as WQS in G.2.bj.3 or 4 4. Ifthe monthly average from G.2.c is based on aquatic life data given as a CCC or other acute or chronic data and no CMC exists for the parameter, the water quality limits are monthly average = C,,*, daily maximum

## =2 x C

..lif< 5. Ifno CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on human health (organism, 

### wlo, MCL) data, the water quality limits are monthly average 

## = C HH daily maximum = M x CHH using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.l.b
6. If a CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on human health (organism, 

### wlo, MCL) data, the water quality limits will be monthly average = C HH and the daily maximum will be the most stringent ofRationale Page 20 of37 Permit No. SC0000876 daily maximum

## =M x 

### Gm using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.l.b

or daily maximum 

## = Caq/ife..tnousing CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 7. If no CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on organoleptic data, the water quality limits are monthly average 

## =Col daily maximum

## =M x Col using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.l.b 8. If a CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on organoleptic data, the water quality limits will be monthly average = Col and the daily maximum will be the most stringent of daily maximum 

## =M x 

## c.. using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.l.b

or daily maximum 

## = Caqlifo-d

..using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 9. Ifonly a CMC exists, then the water quality limits will be no monthly average and daily maximum

## = Caq/ife-dmusing CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 ii. If the discharge is determined to cause or have the reasonable potential to cause a water quality violation for WET, permit limitations will be explained in the rationale for that parameter. iii. Ifthe discharge is determined to contribute to an existing water quality violation, monthly average and daily maximum limits will be set giving no credit for dilution of the receiving water (end-of-pipe limits) based on the criteria in Item 1 above. f. Consider Effluent Limitations Guidelines (ELG or Categorical guidelines) The more stringent ofthe effluent limitations guidelines average and maximum derived limits and water quality-derived average and maximum limits determined in e above shall be used as permit limits, unless other information indicates more stringent limits are needed as indicated in Section H at the end ofthis section. Categorical limitations based on mass may first be converted to concentration using the long term average flow of the discharge for both the monthly average and daily maximum calculations, unless the applicable guidelines require use ofan alternate flow. 1. For Effluent guidelines based on production, limits will be calculated as follows: 

### ELG

### lim 

## =

# L (ELGprod)(ELG) where
ELGlim: the mass limit, in Ibs/day, for an applicable pollutant based on the productionRationale Page 21 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876 ELGprod: the production rate, in lbs, for the applicable guideline(s), usually based on long tenn average data ELG: the effluent guideline limitation, given as a measure of production (e.g. Ibs/lOOO lbs), for an applicable pollutant 2. For Effluent guidelines based on flow, limits will be calculated as follows: 

### ELG lim

## =

# L(ELGjlow)(ELG)(S.34) where ELGlim :the mass limit, in IbsJday, for an applicable pollutant based on applicable flow ELGprod: the long tenn average flow rate, in MOD, for the applicable guideline(s) ELG: the concentration limitation, in mg/l, for an applicable pollutant from the applicable guideline(s)

a. For BOD and TSS limits based on OCPSF Effluent Guidelines with two or more applicable subparts in subparts B-H, the limits will be calculated as-follows:


### ELG 0 

## =

# L( subpartproduction J(ELG lim) where 

### total 

### OCPSFproduction

ELGo: the final OCPSF limitation, in lbs/day ELGlim: the limitation, in lbs/day, determined from the calculation in item 2 above.
H. Other considerations 1. When the derived pennit effluent limitation based on aquatic life numeric criteria is below the practical quantitation limit for a substance, the derived permit effluent limitation shall include an accompanying statement in the permit that the practical quantitation limit using approved analytical methods shall be considered as being in compliance with the limit. Appropriate biological monitoring requirements shall be incorporated into the permit to determine compliance with appropriate water quality standards. (R.61- 68.E.14.c(2»
2. When the derived permit effluent limitation based on human health numeric criteria is below the practical quantitation limit for a substance, the derived permit effluent limitation shall include an accompanying statement in the permit that the practical quantitation limit using approved analytical methods shall be considered as being in compliance with the limit. (R.61-68.E.14.c(3» 3. The effluent concentration limits detennined above may not necessarily be the NPDES permit limit. NPDES Permit limits are determined after a reasonable potential analysis is conducted using these derived limits and also after evaluating other issues (e.g. anti-backsliding,**antidegrada~ion).** 4. Mass limitations may be required in certain circumstances. When mass limits are calculated the formula to be used is as follows.
Mass (lb/day) = Flow (mgd) '" Concentration (mg/l) '" 8.34 5. Final Limitations will typically be rounded to two (2) significant figures (based on EPA's policy with its national criteria) while considering the PQL for a given parameter. Rounding will be perfonned using the following procedure (as recommended by the DHEC lab):Rationale Page 22 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876

a. Ifthe digit of interest is even and the number following it is a five (5), the digit ofinterest remains the same. b. Ifthe digit ofinterest is odd and the number following it is a five (5), the digit ofinterest is rounded up.

c. Ifthe digit ofinterest is even or odd and the number following it is between 0 and 4, the digit ofinterest remains the same. d. Ifthe digit ofinterest is even or odd and the number following it is between 6 and 9, the digit ofinterest is rounded up.TIl. PERMIT LIMITAnONS AND MONITORINO REQUIREMENTS Rationale Page 23 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876

2007 Major Permit Modification: The pennittee requested the removal ofmercury monitoring and the removal ofthe mercury minimization plan requirement in correspondence dated 10/4/07. The Department has assessed reasonable potential using monthly DMR data from November 2006 through July 2007 (the pennittee did not have a discharge to sample in August and September of2007) and a sample taken in September 2006. Based on this new data using the correct PQL, reasonable potential does not exist. The mercury monitoring and the requirement to submit in a mercury minimization plan have been removed from the permit. OutfaUOOl Description ofoutfall and wastewater treatment system: Wastewater is treated in a 1,600 acre stabilization pond prior to discharge to Outfall OOI-Great Pee Dee River. The discharge consists oftreated process wastewater (from the recycle plant, wood yard, pulp mill and paper machines). sanitary wastewater. utility water (from steam/power production, cooling towers, caustic area, powerhouse and co-generation plant) and stormwater. Total Discharge Flow: 12.5 MGD 

### + stormwater Total Process Flow: 6.9 MGD Pulp Mill: 1.5 MGD Paper Machines: 3.9 MOD Wood Yards: 0.75 MOD Recycle Plant: 0.7 MOD Total Utility Flow: 5.5 MGD SteamIPower Generation: 0.01 MOD Cooling Towers: 0.03 MGD Power Department: 4.5 MGD Caustic Area: 0.2 MGD Co-generation Plant: 0.8 MGD Total Sanitary Flow: 0.15 MGD Operator requirements: Based on the treatment system described above, the PCA requires that the treatment system be classified as Group IV-Biological. The Environmental Certification Board Rules require that a Grade A-Biological operator be assigned to operate this facility. Inspections ofthe facility will be required on a daily basis. Smurfit-Stone Container Enterprises, Inc. is involved in the production ofunbleached kraft linerboard and bag papers, at a long term average production rate of 1,925 tons/day (3,850,000 #/d). The effluent discharge from this facility is subject to the Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source Category 40 CFR Part 430 Subpart C-Unbleached Kraft. Smurfit-Stone Container, the City ofFlorence (SC0045462), the City ofMarion (SC0046230) and Dupont (SC0002917) divided the assimilative capacity for oxygen demand amongst themselves in January 1998. Since that time, Lake City and Johnsonville have been added. and the UOD redistributed. There are four (4) scenarios for the BOD5 limits as follows. Also see the BODs rationale below. 48% reduction below guidelines occurs when Marion = 6 MGD and Johnsonville = 3 MGD 50% reduction below guidelines occurs when Marion = 6 MOD and Johnsonville = 4.5 MOD 51% reduction below guidelines occurs when Marion = 10 MGD and Johnsonville = 3 MGD 53% reduction below guidelines occurs when Marion = 10 MGD and Johnsonville = 4.5 MGD Information for this outfall is based on NPDES Permit Application: 2C dated 2/7/06Waterbody Data from Wasteload Allocation dated 11114/05 Receiving Waterbody: 7QI0 or other critical flow condition at discharge point (Q7QI0) Average Annual Flow or other critical flow condition at discharge point (AAFd) Rationale Page 24 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

cfs MGD

1583.18 1021.406 9865 6364.516
Is the discharge above a drinking water intake? Yes, Intake #S22101, City ofGeorgetown, Great Pee Dee River Source Water Protection Waterbody Flow Data cfs MGD 7Q1Oor other critical flow condition at source water protection area boundary (Q7QIOj) 1619 1044.516 Average Annual Flow or other critical flow condition at source water protection area 9925.48 6403.535 boundary (AAFj)
Dilution Factors (using formulas in Section G.2.a):


### DF. 76.103 

### DF2 468.979 

### DF 3, ifapplicable 77.803 

### DF 4, ifapplicable 471.848
TSS Values for metals calculations:
Effiuent TSS concentration (TSS.) (mgll) (based on monthly average value) 83 Background or In-stream TSS concentration (TSS b ) (mgll) (Default is 1 mg/I) 1.0 Calculated In-stream Average TSS concentration after mixing (TSS""Il) (mg/l) 2.077
Attachment 3 contains the calculations for the water quality-based permit limitations and reasonable potential determinations. Attachment 4 contains CORMIX modeling results. Flow 1. Previous permit limits (effective 

### 9/1/01): Monthly average: MRMGD DailyMaximum: MRMGD Sampling Frequency: Daily Sample Type: Continuous 2. NPDES Application (2C): (No. offlow analyses: 300) Maximum 30 Day Value: 17.1 MOD Maximum Daily Value: 25 MGD 3. DMRData: The highest flow was reported in December 2001 as .32.634 MGD 4. Actual long term average flow (from DMR): 13.6 MGD 5. Conclusion: The permittee shall continue to monitor and report discharge flow. Monthly average: MR MGD DailyMaximum: MRMGD Sampling Frequency: Daily Sample Type: Continuous

## I!!! 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective 

### 9/1101): 6.0-9.0 standard units. Sampling Frequency: llWeek Sample type: Grab 2. NPDES Application (2C): (No. ofpH analyses: 40) Minimum: 8.18 standard units. Maximum: 8.68 standard units. Rationale Page 25 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

3. DMRData: The highest and lowest pH were reported in 11104 as 8.8 su and 7/03 as 7.93 suo 4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for pH are established in Reg. 61-68.G. For Class Fresh Water this value is 6.0-8.5 standard units. 5. Effluent limitation guidelines: 40 CFRPart 430 Subpart C (BPT): 6.0-9.0 su 6. Otherinformation: None 7. PQL: Not applicable 8. Conclusion: Due to the large stream dilution in comparison to the discharge, a maximum pH of9.0 su shall be granted. This small change should not have any adverse impact on the receiving stream. This pH limits are as follows: Range: 6.0-9.0 standard units. Sampling Frequency: 1IWeek Sample type: Grab Biochemical 

### Oxygen Demand**mOD~)** 1. Previous permit limits (effective 

### 9/1101): Monthly average: 10,220 #/d Dailymaximum: 20,440 

### #/d Sampling frequency: 21Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 2. NPDES Application (2C): (# ofanalyses: 80) Maximum 30-day value: 5808 

### #/d Maximum Daily Value: 8302 

### #/d 3. DMRData: The highest 

### BODs was reported 

### in May 2005 as 11,473 

### #/d. 4. Effluent limitations guidelines: Process Wastewater: 40 CFR Part 430 Subpart C (BPT) Monthly Avg: 2.8 #/ 1000 # product Daily Max: 5.6 #/ 1000 # product Calculated Limits: Monthly Avg Limit = 3,850,000 #/d x 2.8 #/1000 # product = 10,780 #/day Daily Max Limit = 3,850,000 #/d x 5.6 #/1000 # product = 21,560 #/day 5. PQL: 2.0 mgll 6. Waste Load Allocation dated (11/14105): The wasteload allocation includes two sets of daily limits based on the hydrographically controlled release (HCR).ForMarch October 

## - River Flow (cfs) 48% belowguideline BODs (lbs/day) 695 < Qr < 1624 8.6· Qr- 8340 1625 < Qr < 1750 5693 1750 < Qr < 1820 6116 1820 < Qr < 1900 6540 1900 < Qr < 1990 7240 1990 < Qr < 2080 7579 2080 < Qr < 2170 8087 2170 < Qr < 2240 8575 2240 < Qr < 2450 9062 2450 < Qr < 2650 10291 2650**~** Qr < 2850 11519 2850 < Qr < 3050 13977 3050 < Qr < 3250 15206 3250 < Qr < 3450 17663 3450 < Qr < 3650 18901 3650 < Qr 20440 ForNovember through**February~** River Flow (cfs)**()~** < 1624 1625 < 

## Qr < 1750 1750 < 

## Qr < 1820 1820 < 

## Or < 1900 1900 < 

## Qr < 1990 1990 < 

## Or < 2080 2080 < 

## Qr < 2170 2170 

### < 

## Qr < 2240 2240 < 

## Or < 2450 2450 < 

## Qr < 2650 2650 < 

## Or < 2850 2850 < 

## , Or < 3050 3050 < 

## Or < 3250 3250 < Qr < 3450 3450 < 

## Qr < 3650 3650 < 

## Qr 5o" belowguideline**BOD~** Obs/day) 8.9· Qr- 9179 5474 5897 6321 7021 7360 7868 8356 8843 10072 11300 13758 14987 17444 18682 20440
BODs (lbs/day) 3.8* 

## (OS

6292 6715 7139 7839 8178 8686 9174 9661 10890 12118 14576 15805 18262 19500 20440 51% belowguideline BODs (lbs/day) 9.1 • Qr

- 9690 5365 5788 6212 6912 7251 7759 8247 8734 9963 11191 13649 14878 17335 18573 20440 Rationale Page 26 of37 PennitNo. SC0000876

53% belowguideline BODs (lbs/day) 8.9 * Qr

- 9565 5146 5569 5993 6693 7032 7540 8028 8515 9744 10972 13430 14659 17116 18354 20440

7. Other information: The previous guideline based limits are more stringent than those calculated in number 4 above. 8. Conclusion: A daily effluent limitation based on the HCR as given in number 6 above will restrict this discharge. Based on the WLA, the release ofBODs shall not exceed on a daily basis the 

### BODs limit at the corresponding river flows, but otherwise shall not exceed the previous categorical limits (the permittee has maintained compliance with the previous limit even with an increase 

### in production since the last permit reissuance). Due to past compliance with the previous permit limits, the monitoring frequency has been reduced to once per week. Monthly average: 10,220 #/d Daily maximum: 20,440 #/d Sampling frequency: l/Week Sample type: 24,Hour Composite

### Total Suspended Solids CTSS) 1. Previous permit limits (effective 911101): 

### Monthly average: 21,900 #/d Daily Maximum: 43,800 #/d Sampling frequency: 21W 

### eek Sample Type: 24 Hour Composite 2. NPDES Application (2C): (No. ofTSS analyses: 80) Maximum 30 Day Value: 11,950 #/d Maximum Daily Value: 14,850 #/d 3. DMR Data: The highest TSS was reported in 10/04 as 26,641#/d. 4. Water Quality Data: NA 5. Effluent limitations guidelines: 40 CFR Part 430 Subpart C (BPT) Process Wastewater: 40 CFR Part 430 Subpart C (BPT) Monthly Avg: 6.0 #/ 1000 # product Daily Max: 12.0 #/1000 # product Calculated Limits: Monthly Avg Limit

## =3,850,000 #/d x 6.0 #/1000 #product

## =23,100 #/day Daily Max Limit

## =3,850,000 #/d x 12.0 #/ 1000 # product

## = 46,200 #/day 6. Other information: None 7. PQL: 1000 Ilg/1 Rationale Page 27 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

8. Conclusion: Based on antibacksliding, the monthly average and daily maximum limits shall not exceed the previous limits (the permittee has maintained compliance with the previous limit even with an increase in production since the last permit reissuance). Due to past compliance with the previous permit limits, the monitoring frequency has been reduced to once per week. The permittee shall also monitor and report concentration as this data will be used to assess reasonable potential concerns during the next permit reissuance. Monthly average: 21,900 #/d, MR mgIl Daily Maximum: 43,800 #/d, MR mgll Sampling frequency: 2/Week Sample Type: 24 Hour Composite Ammonia-Nitrogen, Total As N 1. Previous permit limits (effective 9/1101): 

### Monthly average: 2.0 mg/l Daily maximum: 4.0 mg/l Sampling frequency: IlMonth Sample type: Grab 2. NPDES Application (2C): (# ofanalyses: 10) Maximum Daily Value: 0.59 mg/l 3. DMR Data: The highest ammonia was reported in 8/04 as 2 mg/l. 4. Waste Load Allocation dated (11/14/85) based on dissolved oxygen modeling Monthly Average: 2.0 mg/l (based on previous permit limit) 5. Water Quality Criteria for Protection pfAquatic Life from Reg. 61-68, Appendix, Attachment 3: Freshwater: In situations where salmonids are absent, the CMC may be calculated as: CMC = { 

### 0.411 

### + 58.4 } 1

### + 107.204-pH 

### 1

### + IOpH-7.204Establish the CCC when fish early life stages (ELS) are present: CCC={ 

### 0.0577 

### + 2.487

## }xfmin(2.851.45X100.028X(25-T»)~ 1

### + 10 7.688-pH 

### 1

### + IOpH-7.688

### ~,**~** Rationale Page 28 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876

Note: The Department always considers fish early life stages to be present unless data is presented which demonstrates their absence. Where: pH 

### =7.5 su Critical T = 28.3°C Seasonal T =15.5°C Critical CCC (mg/l) == 1.795 Seasonal CCC (mg/l) = 4.096 CMC (mgll) "" 19.89 Allowing for dilution, the monthly averages and daily maximums are: 48% Reduction 50% Reduction 51% Reduction Critical Mthlyavg (mg/l) = 93.86 93.86 93.02 Seasonal Mthlyavg (mgll) =237.92 237.92 237.70 Daily maximum (mgll) = 1226.48 1226.48 1230.45 6. Water QualityData for Protection ofHuman Health: None 7. Water Quality Criteria based on Organoleptic Data: None 53% Reduction 97.76 243.05 1240.01

8. Does the discharge cause, have the Reasonable Potential (RP) to Cause or Contribute? RP does not exist to exceed the ammonia toxicity limits as calculated in number 5 above (the RWC below is less than the most stringent ofthe critical and seasonal monthly average and the daily maximum limits). However, RP does exist for this discharge to exceed their previous limits (the RWC below is greater than the previous monthly average limit). NH3-N (1Jl2I1) Date M.Ave D.Max 30-Sep-Ol 0.22 0.22 31-0ct-Ol 31-0ec-Ol < 0.2 < 0.2 31-Jan-02 < 0.2 < 0.2 28-Feb-02 0.24 0.24 31-Mar-02< 0.2< 0.2 30-Apr-02< 0.2< 0.2 31-May-02 < 0.2< 0.2

30-Jun-02 < 0.2< 0.2 31-Jul-02 0.33 0.33 30-Sep-02 31-0ct-02< 0.6< 0.6 30-Nov-02 0.22**0~22** 31-0ec-02 < 0.2< 0.2 31-Jan-03 0.24 0.24 28-Feb-03 < 0.2< 0.2 31-Mar-03 < 0.2< 0.2 30-Apr-03 31-Jul-03 0.3 0.3 31-Aug-03 0.31 0.31 30-Sep-03 0.35 0.35 31-Oct-03 < 0.2< 0.230-Nov-03 < 0.2< 31-Dec-03 0.21 31-Jan-04< 0.2< 29-Feb-04 31-Mar-04< 0.2< 30-Apr-04< 0.2< 30-Jun-04 1.3 31-Aug-04 2 30-Sep-.04 < 0.2< 31-0ct-04 0.26 30-Nov-04< 0.2< 31-Dec-04 31-Jan-05 < 0.2< 28-Feb-05 < 0.2< 31-Mar-05 0.22 30-Apr-05 < 0.2< 31-May-05 < 0.2<

30-Jun-05 0.22 31-Jul-05 0.32 31-Aug-05 0.59 30-Sep-05 0.49 31-0ct-05 0.29 3a-Dec-05 0.31 Cmax= 2 # samples = 40 Mean = 0.33 Std. Dev. = 0.33 CV= 1.02 MF= 1.2 RWC= 2.4 9. Other mformanon: None 0.2 0.21

0.2
0.2 0.2 1.3

2 0.2 0.26

0.2
0.2 0.2 0.22

0.2 0.2 0.22 0.32 0.59 0.49 0.29 0.31 2 40 0.33 0.33 1.02

1.2 2.4 Rationale Page 29 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

10. Conclusion: Because the previous limits are more restrictive and reasonable potential exists to exceed the previous permit limits, the permittee will be held to the previous limits. Although reasonable potential exists, the Department has reduced the monitoring frequency to quarterly, as the permittee did not have any ammonia violations during the previous pennit. Monthly average: 2.0 mgll Daily maximum: 4.0 mg/I Sampling frequency: 

### 1/Quarter Sample type: 24 Hour Composite Fecal Coliform 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective 9/1/01): Monthly average: 200/100 ml Daily maximum: 400/100 ml Sampletype:caab Sampling Frequency: 2IMonth 2. NPDES Application (2C) (# ofanal)'$es: 20)Maximum 30-DayValue: 30.3/100 ml Maximum Daily Value: 130/100 

### m1 3. DMR Data: The highest value was reported in 9/04 as 240/100 ml. Rationale Page 30 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

4. Water Quality Data: Fecal coliform standards in Regulation 61-68.G [2004 WQS] for all waterbody classifications except SFH: Not to exceed 200/100ml based on five consecutive samples in a 30 dayperiod and no more than 10% of the samples in the 30 day period shall exceed 400/10OmI. 5. Effluent limitation guidelines: not applicable 6. Other information: None 7. PQL: 1/100 

### m1 (Standard Method 9221C. 9221 E or 9221 D) 8. Conclusion: Fecal coliform will be limited to the following per R.61-68.E.14(c)(9). Based on past compliance, the monitoring frequency has been reduced to monthly. Monthly average: 200/100 ml Dailymaximum: 400/100 ml Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: IlMonth 

### Total Residual Chlorine CTRC) 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective 9/1/01): Monthly average: 0.5 mg/l Daily Maximum: 1.0 mgll Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: llMonth 2. NPDES Application (lC): (No. ofanalyses: 12) Maximum Daily Value: 

### < 0.05 mg/l i), 3. DMR Data: All TRC DMR data was either reported as zero (using a PQL of0.05 mg/l) or < 0.05 mg/I. 4. Water Quality Data: see spreadsheet 5. Effluent limitation guidelines: not applicable 6. Other information: The permittee does not chlorinate. 7. Does the discharge cause, have the RP to Cause or Contribute: No, RP does not exist for this discharge. 8. PQL: 0.05 mgll 9. Conclusion: Reasonable potential does not exist based onpast DMR data, therefore limit/monitoring is not necessary at this time. 

### Oil and grease 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective 9/1101): Monthly average: MR mgll Daily Maximum: MR mgll Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: llMonth 2. NPDES Application (lC): (No. ofanalyses: 10) Maximum Daily Value: 22 mg/I 3. DMR Data: The highest oil and grease value was reported in 3/02 as 58 mg/l. 4. Water Quality Data: Narrative water quality criteria for oil and grease is covered by Reg.6l-68.E.5 [2004 WQS). 5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Not applicable to this parameter. 6. Other information: Professional judgment based limits of 10 mgll monthly average and 15 mg/l daily maximum were determined to meet the narrative instream water quality standard for oil and grease in Reg. 6l-68.E.5. Considering a dilution factor of76 at low flow conditions, these limits would be: Monthly average = 10 mgll x 76 == 760 mgll Daily maximum"" 15 mgll x 76 

# =1140 mgllRationale Page 31 of37 Permit No. SC0000876
7. Does the discharge cause, have the Reasonable Potential (RP) to Cause or Contribute? No, reasonable potential does not exist for this discharge to exceed the narrative water quality standard for oil and grease in Reg. 61-68.E.5 as the receiving water concentration (RWC) is less than the professionaljudgment based limits calculated in number 6 above.

NH3-N (m2ll) Date M.Av2 D.Max 30-Sep-01

### I< 1 < 1 31-Dec-01 < 5< 5 31-JWl-02 < 1 < 1 28-Peb-02 4 4 31-Mar-02 58 58 30-Apr-02< 1< 1 31-May-02< 1 < 1 30-Jun-02

### I< 1< 1 31-Jul-02< 1 < 1 31-0ct-02

### I< 1< 1 30-Nov-02 16 16 31-Dec-02

### I< 5< 5 31-JWl-03 2.4 2.4 28-Feb-03 < 1< 1 31-Mar-03 5 5

31-Jul-03 < 1 < 1 31-Aug-03 < 1 < 1 ilO-Sep-03 < 1 < 1 31-Oct-03 < 1 < 1 30-Nov-03 < 1< 1 31-Dec-03 3.5 3.S 31-JWl-04 2.8 2.8 31-Mar-04 11 11 30-Apr-04 9.7 9.7 30-Jun-04 < 1< 1 31-Aug-04 < 1< 1 30-Sep.04 1.6 1.6 31-Oct-04 2.2 2.2 30-Nov-04< 1< 1 31-JWl-OS 12 12 28-Peb-OS 14 14 31-Mar-OS 21 21 30-Apr-OS 17 17 31-May-OS 7 7 30-Jun-OS 22 22 31-Jul-05 20 20 31-Aug-05 9.4 9.4 30-Sep-OSk 1.8 < 1.8 31-Oct-05 4.6 4.6 31-Dec-05 6.3 6.3 

### emu: = 58 S8 1# samples'" 40 40Mean = 6.93 Std. Dev. = 10.39 

## cv= 1.50 MF- 1.2 

### RWC- 69.6 8. PQL: 5 mg/l 6.93 10.39

1.50

1.2 69.6 Rationale Page 32 of37 Permit No. SC0000876

9. Conclusion: Due to the large dilution instream, the Department believes reasonable potential does not exist for this discharge to exceed the narrative water quality criteria for oil and grease as covered by Reg.61-68.E.5 [2004 WQS]. Monitoring and/or limitations are not necessary at this time. 

### Color 1. PreVious Permit Limits (effective 911/01): Effluent: MR color units (CU) monthly average and daily maximum After mixing: MR CU monthly average and daily maximum Sample type: Grab for effluent, calculation for after mixing Sampling Frequency: IlMonth 2. NPDES Application (2C): (No. ofanalyses: 10): Maximum Daily Value: 1880 CU 3. DMR Data: The highest color value fort the effluent was reported in 

### 2102 as 4181 CU and the highest increase in river color was reported in 5/05 as 28 

### cu. 4. Water Quality Data: Narrative water quality criteria for color are established as "free-from" criteria in Reg. 61-68.E.5.c (2004 WQS): All ground waters and surface waters ofthe State shall at all times, regardless of flow, be free from: Sewage, industrial, or other waste which produce taste or odor or change the existing color or physical, chemical, or biological conditions in the receiving waters or aquifers to such a degree as to create a nuisance, or interfere with classified water uses (except classified uses within mixing zones as described in this regulation) or existing water uses. 5. Effluent limitation guidelines: not applicable 6. Other information: The increase in river color has been limited to 40 color units in other pulp and paper NPDES permits, based on professionaljudgment. 7. PQL: 5.0 color units 7. Conclusion: Color limits are not necessary at this time as the maximum increase in river color was only 28 color units, which is less than the 40 color unit limit set in other pulp and paper NPDES permits. However, the permittee shall continue to monitor the color impact on the receiVing stream annually to determine the need for future limitations. Upstream samples shall be representative ofbackground conditions (taken at the plant's water intake structure). Upstream: MR Effluent Maximum: MR Color Increase: MR Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: IN ear *The calculated color increase is to 

### be determined as follows: Cr = !4(Cs - CJ where Qe = Effluent Flow (CFS) Qu 

## +Qe Ce = Effluent Color C u = Upstream River Color Qu = Upstream River Flow (CFS) 

### Cr = Increase in River Color Monthly values for Qe, C

### e , Qu, Cu , aJld C

### r must be submitted with the DMR as a separate attachment and kept on-site for inspection byDepartment personnel. *·Note that color is an instantaneous maximum, not a daily maximum, since the free-from wording says "at all times." 

### Sulfide 1. PreVious Permit Limits (effective 9/1101): None 2. NPDES Application (2C): (No. ofanalyses: 1)Maximum Daily Value: 60 mgll 3. DMRData: No past DMR data available. 4. Water Quality Data: see spreadsheet 5. Other Information: None Rationale Page 33 of37 Permit No. SCOOOOS76

6. Does the discharge cause, have the 

### RP to Cause or Contribute: This discharge does exhibit 

### RP to exceed the aquatic life water quality standard for sulfide, based on one sample. 7. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) andprofessionaljudgment-based limits: Not applicable to this parameter. 

### 8. PQL: 1 mgll 9. Conclusion: The Department will include Monitor & Report for this parameter in the permit to collect more data as onlyone sample was provided with which to calculate reasonable potential. Monthly average: MR mgll Daily maximum: MRmg/l Sampling Frequency: IlMonth Sample type: Grab Mercury 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective 9/1/01): None 2. NPDES Application (lC): (No. ofanalyses: 1) Maximum DailyValue: 0.00007 mg/l (an estimated concentration less than the MRL of0.00050 mgll) 3. DMRData: The highest value was reported as 0.00000225 mg/l in December 2006. 4. Water Quality Data: see spreadsheet 5. Other Information: PD-337 and PD-076 are impaired for mercury; therefore the 

### RP determination used zero dilution. 6. Does the discharge cause, have 

### RP to Cause or Contribute: No, reasonable potential does not exist. 7. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) andprofessionaljudgment-based limits: Not applicable to this parameter. 8. PQL: 0.0000005 mgll 9. Conclusion: Based on new data using the correct PQL, the Department has determined that reasonable potential does not exist. Bypermit modification, the monitor andreportrequirements have been removed.
Whole Effluent Toxicity 1. Previous permit requirements (effective 911101): Acute toxicity @ ATC of 100% Sampling Frequency: lIQuarter Sample type: Grab Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia 2. DMR Data: The permittee has passed all 32 quarterly acute tests during the previous permit. The permittee also passed all the acute toxicity tests previous to that. 3. Other information: None 4. Mixing Zone and Zone ofInitial Dilution (ZID) Information: The permittee submitted in CORMIX-GI Version 4.3 GT dated June 200S. The Department reran the CORMIX model to use the correct long term average discharge flow (13.6 MGD) from DMR data as the flow used by the permittee was the maximum 30-day value reported on the 2C form (17.1 MGD). See Attachment 4 for the CORMIX results. The stream width is SO.77 meters. Acute Mixing Zone Boundaries: 1110 x Stream Width (width) 113 x Stream Width (length) Chronic Mixing Zone Boundaries: 

### 112 x Stream Width (width) 2 x Stream Width (length) The following are the modeling results: CTC = 3% ATC=21% S.OS 26.92 40.39 161.54Rationale Page 34 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876
5. Reasonable Potential: Using past DMR data and the procedures in Regulation 61-9.122.44(d)(I)(ii), the Department has detennined that this discharge does not exhibit reasonable potential to cause an excursion ofthe narrative water quality standard of"notoxics in toxic amounts" from Regulation 61-68 for acute toxicity. 6. Conclusion: Reasonable potential does not exist for acute toxicity at 100%; therefore acute limits are not necessary at this time. Also, since the CORMIX recommendation for CTC (3%) is less than one fifth of the ATC (21%) the Department has included monitor and report requirements for chronic toxicity only once per term. The monitoring requirements for this pennit are as follows: Chronic toxicity @ CTC of3% Serial Dilution Series: 0%, 1%,2%,3%,6% and 12% Sampling Frequency: IlPermit Term Sample type: 24 Hour Composite Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia Groundwater Monitoring: The Bureau of Water's Groundwater Quality Section recommended that the groundwater monitoring frequency be reduced to annual. The pennittee should sample during the first calendar quarter (January-March) ofeach year.IV. PROCEDURES FORREACHING A FINAL PERMIT DECISION A. Comment Period (R.61-9.124.1O and 11) Rationale Page 35 of37 Pennit No. SC0000876

The Department ofHealth and Environmental Control proposes to issue an NPDES pennit to this applicant subject to the effiuent limitations and special conditions outlined in this document. These detenninations are tentative. During the public commentperiod, any interested person may submit written comments on the draft pennit to the following address: SC Dept. ofHealth and Environmental Control Water Facilities Permitting Division Bureau ofWater 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201
For additional information, interested persons may contact Melanie Townley at 803-898-4223. All written comments received during the period beginning ??? and ending on ??? shall be considered in making the fmal decision and shall be answered as prescribed below. See Public Notice #??? Per R.61-9.124.17, the Department is onlyrequired to issue a response to comments when a final permit is issued. This response shall:**~l.** Specify which provisions, ifany, ofthe draft pennit have been changed in the final permit decision, and the reasons for the change; and 2. Briefly describe and respond to all significant comments on the draft permit raised during the public comment period, or during any hearing. The response to comments shall be available to the public. B. Public Hearings (R.61-9. 124. 11 and 12) During the public comment period, any interested person may request a public hearing, ifno hearing has already been scheduled. A request for a public hearing shall be in writing and shall state the nature ofthe issues proposed to be raised in the hearing. Determinations and Scheduling. 1. Within the thirty (30) day qomment period or other applicable comment period provided after posting or publishing ofa public**notice~** an applicant, any affected state or interstate agency, the Regional Administrator or any other interested persop or agency may file a petition with the Department for a public hearing on an application for a pennit. A petition for a public hearing shall indicate the specific reasons why a hearing is requested, the existing or proposed discharge identified therein and specifically indicate which portions ofthe application or other permit form or information constitutes necessity for a public hearing. Ifthe Department determines that a petition constitutes significant cause or that there is sufficient public interest in an application for a public hearing, it may direct the scheduling ofa hearing thereon.Rationale Page 36 of37 Permit No. SC0000876
2. A hearing shall be scheduled not less than four (4) nor more than eight (8) weeks after the Department determines the necessity ofthe hearing in the geographical location ofthe applicant or, at the discretion ofthe Department, at another appropriate location, and shall be noticed at least thirty (30) days before the hearing. The notice of public hearing shall be transmitted to the applicant and shall be published in at least one (1) newspaper of general circulation in the geographical area ofthe existing or proposed discharge identified on the permit application and shalt' be mailed to any person or group upon request thereof. Notice shall be mailed to all persons and governmental agencies which received a copy ofthe notice or the fact sheet for the permit application. 3. The Department mayhold a single public hearing on related groups ofpermit applications. 4. The Department may also hold a public hearing at its discretion, whenever, for instance, such a hearing might clarify one or more issues involved in the permit decision; 5. Public notice ofthe hearing shall be given in accordance with R.61-9.124.10. Any person may submit oral or written statements and data concerning the draft permit. Reasonable limits may be set upon the time allowed for oral statements, and the submission of statements in writing may be required. The public comment period under R.61-9.124.1O shall automatically be extended to the close of any public hearing under this section. The hearing officer may also extend the comment period by so stating at the hearing.
A tape recording or written transcript ofthe hearing shall be made available to the public.
C. Obligation to raise issues and provide infonnation during the public comment period. (R.61-9.l24.13) :All persons, including applicants, who believe any condition of a draft permit is inappropriate or that the Department's tentative decision to deny an application, terminate a permit, or prepare a draft permit is inappropriate, must raise all reasonably ascertainable issues and submit all reasonably available arguments supporting their position by the close ofthe public comment period (including any public hearing). No issue shall be raised during an appeal by any party that was not submitted to the administrative record as part of the preparation and comment on a draft permit, unless good cause is shown for the failure to submit it. Any supporting materials which are submitted shall be included in full and may not be incorporated by reference, unless they are already part of the administrative record in the same proceeding, or consist of State or Federal statutes and regulations, Department and EPA documents of general applicability, or other generally available reference materials. Commenters shall make supporting materials not already included in the administrative record available. (A comment period longer than 30 days may be necessary to give commenters a reasonable opportunity to comply with the requirements ofthis section. Additional time shall be granted under R.61-9.124.1O to the extent that a commenter who requests additIonal time demonstrates the need for such time).
D. Issuance and Effective Date ofthe Permit
1. After the close of the public comment period on a draft permit, the Department shall issue a final permit decision. The Department shall notify the applicant and each person who has submitted written comments or requested notice of the final permit decision. This notice shall include reference to the procedures for appealing a decision on a permit. For the purposes of this section, a final permit decision means a final decision to issue, deny, modify, revoke and reissue, or terminate a permit.
2. A final permit decision shall become effective 30 days after the service ofnotice ofthe decision unless: (a) A later effective date is specified in the decision; orRationale Page 37 of37 Permit No. SC0000876 (b) No comments requested a change in the draft permit, in which case the permit shall become effective on the effective date showninthe issued permit. 3. Issuance or Denial ofPermits. An appeal to a final determination of the Department or to a condition of a permit issued or the denial of a permit pursuant to the State law and Regulation 61-9; shall be in accordance with and subject to 48-1-200 ofthe SC Code (see E below). 4. Unless specific circumstances warrant otherwise, the permit will become effective on the first of the month following the 30-day appeal period ifno request for adjudicatoryhearing is filed (see E below). Ifa request for adjudicatory hearing is filed, the permit will become effective on the first ofthe month following resolution of the appeal.
E. Adjudicatory Hearings Any person may submit a request for an administrative adjudicatory hearing to consider the final permit and its conditions. Such appeal must be made pursuant to the amended Rules ofProcedure for the Administrative Law Court that became effective on May 1,2005. Pursuant to Rule 11 ofthe amended ALC Rules ofProcedure, such appeal must be made by filing a request for a contested case hearing with the Clerk ofthe ALC within thirty (30) days after notice ofthis decision at the following address: Clerk's Office South Carolina Administrative Law Court Edgar A. Brown Building 1205 Pendleton St., Suite 224 Columbia, SC 29201
Pursuant to Rule 11(0),the following elements must, at a minimum, be included within the request: 1. The name ofthe partyrequesting the hearing and the issue(s) for which the hearing is requested; 2. The caption or other information sufficient to identifY the decision, order, letter, determination, action, or inaction which is subject to the hearing; 3. A copy ofthe written agency decision, order, letter or determination, ifany, which gave rise to the request; 4. The reliefrequested. Furthermore, pursuant to ALC Rule 71, the Administrative Law Court requires that a party requesting a contested case hearing must submit a filing fee in the amount of $250.00 with the Administrative Law Court. A copy ofa request for the contested case hearing must also be served on each party, including but not limited to, DHEC. Copies of a request for a contested case hearing should be mailed to the Clerk of the Board, DHEC, 2600 Bull Street, Columbia, SC 29201, (803) 898-3300.
A petition for review ofa decision to issue a new permit stays all actions for which the permit is a prerequisite. A petition for review of a decisionto reissue a permit stays the entire permit; the conditions ofthe expiring/expired permit ren1ain in effect until the appeal is resolved. Any party may petition the ALC to allow all uncontested provisions ofthe permit to be placed into effect. Information pertaining to adjudicatory matters may be obtained by contacting the Legal Office of the Department of Health and Environmental Control, 2600 Bull Street, Columbia, South Carolina or by calling 803-898-3350.