1

Stout, Alan

From: Stout, Alan

Sent: Wednesday, November 19, 2014 2:07 PM

To: 'gambrozaitis@autoalliance.org'; 'scarter@arb.ca.gov'; 'tunick@vsci.net'; 

'jrege@globalautomakers.org'

Cc: Olechiw, Michael; Antonio Fernandez; Chris Laroo

Subject: RE: Tier 3 Amendments

Attachments: T3 amendments 11 19 2014.doc

Giedrius, Julia, Lance, and Sarah, 

The attached file has updated draft regulatory language for the amendments in our upcoming direct final rule that relate 

to the Tier 3 standards. This includes a considerable set of things that have been added since the version I sent around 

in July. Redline versions don’t work so well for highlighting changes where we are already using tracked changes to 

show what we are amending. Let me know if you would like help in focusing on the things that have changed from the 

July version. I could pass along some cites for things we have added, but that is probably not comprehensive. We are 

on the verge of wrapping up the whole exercise, so on last look at the whole collection is also not a bad idea. 

We may be in a position to send this up for signature as early as Nov. 26, so any feedback on this draft would be best 

received by Nov. 25. Our expectation is that we have no remaining issues, but feel free to share if you see anything that 

needs further attention. 

Alan 

From: Stout, Alan 

Sent: Monday, July 07, 2014 4:15 PM 

To: jrege@globalautomakers.org; gambrozaitis@autoalliance.org; scarter@arb.ca.gov; tunick@vsci.net 

Cc: Olechiw, Michael; Antonio Fernandez 

Subject: Tier 3 Amendments 

Giedrius, Julia, Lance, and Sarah, 

The attached file has draft regulatory language to make a variety of corrections and clarifications to the Tier 3 

program. We believe all these items align with the program as adopted -- we are not aiming to accomplish any change 

in policy or revisit our conclusions on any issue. We have had interactions with industry folks on some of these 

items, but this is a full set of edits we have come up with for the whole vehicle program. 

The goal is to publish these changes in a direct final rule by the end of the year. This means that it is essential for us to 

have agreement beforehand that none of the individual elements are objectionable to any prospective 

commenter. Toward that end, we would appreciate your help in facilitating a wide-ranging review of this material 

before we reach publication. 

Our timeline will likely involve submitting the final documents for internal review at the end of August. If we could 

arrange for this round of review to be completed with any comments reaching us by August 5, we will be well positioned 

to keep our schedule. We hope that this represents a full set of corrections, but if this round of review leads us to 

expand the list of necessary changes, we will do our best to address those issues as well. 

Thanks in advance for your help in coordinating these changes. Let us know if you have any questions along the way. 

Alan 

_________________
2

Alan Stout 

U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

2000 Traverwood Dr. 

Ann Arbor, MI 48105 

734-214-4805 

734-214-4816 (fax) 

stout.alan@epa.gov 

www.epa.gov/otaq/
Page 1 of 36 

PART 85— CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES 

1001. The authority citation for part 85 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. 

Subpart V—[Amended] 

§ 85.2108—[Removed]

1002. Remove § 85.2108. 

PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY 

VEHICLES AND ENGINES 

1003. The authority citation for part 86 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. 

Subpart A—[Amended]

1004. Section 86.095-35 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(4) and removing and reserving 

paragraph (g) to read as follows: 

§86.095-35 Labeling. 

(a) * * * 

(4) Heavy-duty vehicles employing a fuel or fuels covered by evaporative emission standards.

This paragraph (a)(4) applies for vehicles subject to evaporative emission standards under this 

subpart, as described in §86.016-1(a)(4). See 40 CFR part 1037 for provisions that apply in later 

model years. 

(i) A permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible position in the engine 

compartment. If such vehicles do not have an engine compartment, the label required in this 

paragraphs (a)(4) and (g)(1) of this section shall be affixed in a readily available position on

the operator's enclosure or on the engine. 

(ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has been issued the Certificate 

of Conformity for such vehicle, in such a manner that it cannot be removed without 

destroying or defacing the label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is 

easily detached from such vehicle. 

(iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in the English language in 

block letters and numerals, which shall be of a color that contrasts with the background of the 

label: 

(A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information; 

(B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer; 

(C) Evaporative family identification; 

(D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gallons), as specified in 40 CFR 

1037.135; and for which the evaporative control system is certified (this requirement does 

not apply to vehicles whose evaporative control system efficiency is not dependent on fuel 

tank capacity); and

(E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate model year U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply to XXX-fueled heavy-duty 

vehicles. 
Page 2 of 36 

(F) Vehicles granted final admission under §85.1505 of this chapter must comply with the 

labeling requirements contained in §85.1510 of this chapter. 

* * * * * 

(g) [Reserved] 

* * * * * 

1005. Section 86.007-30 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(4)(iii)(C) and (a)(4)(iv)(C) to 

read as follows: 

§86.007-30 Certification. 

(a) * * * 

(4) * * * 

(iii)* * * 

(C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA or a State or local 

government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured 

to meet the high-altitude requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated highaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this 

section that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a significant number of such vehicles 

to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the dealer in writing of the requirements of these 

regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the dealer that sale by the dealer of vehicles not 

configured to meet high-altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise 

agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2108 of this 

chapter. 

(iv) * * * 

(C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA or a state or local 

government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured 

to meet the low-altitude requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated lowaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iv) of this 

section that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a significant number of such vehicles 

to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the dealer in writing of the requirements of these 

regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the dealer that sale by the dealer of vehicles not 

configured to meet low-altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise 

agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2108 of this 

chapter. 

* * * * * 

1006. Section 86.007-35 is revised to read as follows: 

§86.007-35 Labeling. 

Section 86.007-35 includes text that specifies requirements that differ from §86.095-35. Where a 

paragraph in §86.095-35 is identical and applicable to §86.007-35, this may be indicated by 

specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement “[Reserved]. For guidance see 

§86.095-35.”. 

(a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) subject to the applicable 

emission standards (and family emission limits, as appropriate) of this subpart, shall, at the time 

of manufacture, affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in the manner described below, 

containing the information hereinafter provided, to all production models of such vehicles (or 
Page 3 of 36 

engines) available for sale to the public and covered by a Certificate of Conformity under 

§86.007-30(a). 

(a)(1)-(2) [Reserved] 

(a)(3) heading through (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.095-35. 

(c) Vehicles powered by model year 2007 through 2013 diesel-fueled engines must include 

permanent, readily visible labels on the dashboard (or instrument panel) and near all fuel inlets 

that state “Use Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Only”; or “Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Only”. 

(d) through (g) [Reserved] 

(e) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.095-35. 

(f) [Reserved] 

(g)-(h) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.095-35. 

(i) [Reserved] 

(j) The Administrator may approve in advance other label content and formats provided the 

alternative label contains information consistent with this section. 

Subpart B—[Amended] 

1007. Section 86.101 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) to read as follows: 

§ 86.101 General applicability. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in paragraph 

(c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both. For any EPA 

testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the manufacturer's selected procedures for 

determining road load parameters and applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria (either § 

86.115-78 or 40 CFR 1066.425(c)). For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using 

either of the specified procedures. As allowed under this part, manufacturers may use carryover 

data from previous model years to demonstrate compliance with emission standards, without 

regard to the provisions of this section. 

* * * * * 

(3) For model years 2022 and later, manufacturers must use the test procedures specified in 

paragraph (d) of this section. Manufacturers may continue to use data based on the test 

procedures specified in paragraph (c) of this section for an engine family in 2022 and later model 

years, as long as the engine family is eligible for certification with carryover emission data.

* * * * * 

1008. Section 86.113-04 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows: 

§ 86.113-04 Fuel specifications. 

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

(1) Gasoline meeting the following specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications 

approved by the Administrator, must be used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing: 
Page 4 of 36 

Table 1 of § 86.113-04–Test fuel specifications for gasoline without ethanol 

Item Regular Reference 

Procedure1

Research octane, Minimum2 93 ASTM D2699 

ASTM D2700 

Octane sensitivity2 7.5 ASTM D2699 

ASTM D2700

Distillation Range (°F): 

 Evaporated initial boiling point3

 10% evaporated 

 50% evaporated 

 90% evaporated 

 Evaporated final boiling point 

75 – 95 

120 - 135 

200 - 230 

300 - 325 

415 Maximum 

ASTM D86 

Hydrocarbon composition (vol %): 

 Olefins 

 Aromatics 

 Saturates 

10% Maximum 

35% Maximum 

Remainder 

ASTM D1319 

Lead, g/gallon (g/liter), Maximum 0.050 

(0.013) ASTM D3237 

Phosphorous, g/gallon (g/liter), Maximum 0.005 

(0.0013) ASTM D3231 

Total sulfur, wt. %4 0.0015 – 0.008 ASTM D2622 

Dry Vapor Pressure Equivalent (DVPE), 

kPa (psi)5

8.7-9.2 (60.0-

63.4) (8.7-9.2) ASTM D5191 

1

 ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 86.1. 

2

 Octane specifications are optional for manufacturer testing. 

3

 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4000 feet), the specified range 

 is 75-105° F. 

4

 Sulfur concentration will not exceed 0.0045 weight percent for EPA testing. 

5

 For testing unrelated to evaporative emission control, the specified range is 

54.8-63.7 kPa (8.0-9.2 psi) (55.2-63.4 kPa). For testing at altitudes above 1,219 

m (4000 feet), the specified range is 52.0-55.4 kPa (7.6-8.0 psi) (52.4-55.2 

kPa). Calculate dry vapor pressure equivalent, DVPE, based on the measured 

total vapor pressure, pT, using the following equation: DVPE (kPa) = 0.956·pT - 

2.39 (or DVPE (psi) = 0.956·pT – 0.347) (or DVPE (kPa) = 0.956·pT - 2.39). DVPE

is intended to be equivalent to Reid Vapor Pressure using a different test 

method. 

* * * * * 

Subpart C—[Amended] 

1009. Section 86.201 is revised to read as follows: 

§ 86.201 General applicability. 

(a) Vehicles are subject to cold temperature testing requirements as described in subpart S of this 

part and 40 CFR part 600. Perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine 

fuel economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710.

(b) Migration to 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066. This subpart transitions to rely on the test 

procedure specifications in 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066 as follows: 

(1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in 

paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both. 

For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the manufacturer's selected 
Page 5 of 36 

procedures for applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria. For any other parameters, EPA 

may conduct testing using either of the specified procedures. As allowed under this part, 

manufacturers may use carryover data from previous model years to demonstrate compliance 

with emission standards, without regard to the provisions of this section. 

(2) For vehicles certified before model year 2022 to any of the Tier 3 emission standards 

specified in subpart S of this part, manufacturers must determine overall driver accuracy 

based on driven cycle energy as described in 40 CFR 1066.425(j). 

(c) Interim procedures. Through model year 2021, manufacturers may certify vehicles based on 

data collected according to previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature 

testing procedures. 

(d) Long-term procedures. Starting in model year 2022, perform testing to measure CO and 

NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 

40 CFR 1066.710. We may approve the use of previously published cold temperature and 

intermediate temperature testing procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure 

under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). Perform intermediate temperature testing as follows: 

(1) For testing during ambient temperatures of less than 50 °F (10 °C), perform testing as 

described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart H. 

(2) For testing at temperatures of 50 °F (10 °C) or higher, perform FTP testing as described 

in 40 CFR part 1066. 

(c) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may certify vehicles based on data collected 

according to previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing 

procedures. In addition, we may approve the use of previously published cold temperature and 

intermediate temperature testing procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure 

under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). 

(de) Section 86.213 describes special provisions related to test fuel specifications. 

* * * * * 

1010. Section 86.213 is amended by revising Table 1 in paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows: 

§ 86.213 Fuel specifications. 

* * * * * 
Page 6 of 36 

Table 1 of § 86.213–Cold temperature test fuel specifications for gasoline without ethanol 

Item Regular Premium Reference 

Procedure1

(RON+MON)/22 87.8±0.3 92.3±0.5 ASTM D2699 

ASTM D2700 

Sensitivity3 7.5 7.5 ASTM D2699 

ASTM D2700

Distillation Range (°F): 

 Evaporated initial boiling point 

 10% evaporated 

 50% evaporated 

 90% evaporated 

 Evaporated final boiling point 

76 – 96 

98 - 118 

179 - 214 

316 - 346 

413 Maximum 

76 – 96 

105 - 125 

195 - 225 

316 - 346 

413 Maximum 

ASTM D86 

Hydrocarbon composition (vol %): 

 Olefins 

 Aromatics 

 Saturates 

12.5±5.00.5

26.4±4.0 

Remainder 

10.5±5.00.5

32.0±4.0 

Remainder 

ASTM D1319 

Lead, g/gallon 0.01, 

Maximum 

0.01, 

Maximum ASTM D3237 

Phosphorous, g/gallon 0.005 

Maximum 

0.005 

Maximum ASTM D3231 

Total sulfur, wt. %3 0.0015 – 0.008 0.0015 – 0.008 ASTM D2622 

RVP, psi 11.5±0.3 11.5±0.3 ASTM D5191 

1

 ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 86.1. 

2

 Octane specifications are optional for manufacturer testing. The premium fuel specifications apply for 

vehicles designed to use high-octane premium fuel. 

3

 Sulfur concentration will not exceed 0.0045 weight percent for EPA testing. 

* * * * * 

Subpart F—[Amended]

1011. Section 86.513 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows: 

§ 86.513 Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

(a) * * * 

(1) Gasoline meeting the following specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications 

approved by the Administrator, must be used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing: 
Page 7 of 36 

Table 1 of § 86.513—Gasoline Test Fuel Specifications 

Item Value Procedure1

Distillation Range: 

1. Initial boiling point, °C 

2. 10% point, °C 

3. 50% point, °C 

4. 90% point, °C 

5. End point, °C 

23.9—35.0 2

48.9—57.2 

93.3—110.0 

1148.9—162.8 

212.8 maximum 

ASTM D86 

Hydrocarbon composition: 

1. Olefins, volume % 

2. Aromatics, volume % 

3. Saturates 

10 maximum 

35 maximum 

Remainder 

ASTM D1319 

Lead (organic), g/liter 0.013 maximum ASTM D3237 

Phosphorous, g/liter 0.0013 maximum ASTM D3231 

Sulfur, weight % 0.008 maximum ASTM D2622 

Dry Vapor Pressure 

Equivalent (DVPE), kPa 55.2 to 63.4 3

 ASTM D5191 

1

 ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 86.1. 

2

 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m, the specified initial boiling point 

range is (23.9 to 40.6) °C. 

3

 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m, the specified volatility range is 52 to 

55 kPa. Calculate dry vapor pressure equivalent, DVPE, based on the 

measured total vapor pressure, pT, using the following equation: DVPE (kPa) 

= 0.956·pT - 2.39 (or DVPE (psi) = 0.956·pT – 0.347). DVPE is intended to be 

equivalent to Reid Vapor Pressure using a different test method.

* * * * * 

§ 86.513-2004 – [Removed]

1012. Remove § 86.513-2004. 

§ 86.529-98 – [Amended]

1013. Section 86.529-98 is amended in Figure F98-9 by replacing the first-column entry for 

“565-665” with “656-665”. 

Subpart S—General Compliance Provisions for Control of Air Pollution From New and InUse Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty 

Vehicles 

1014. The heading for subpart S is revised as set forth above. 

1015. Section 86.1801-12 is amended as follows: 

a. By revising paragraph (a)(2)(ii). 

b. By adding paragraph (a)(2)(iii). 

c. By revising paragraph (a)(3) introductory text. 

d. By removing paragraph (a)(4). 

e. By redesignating paragraph (a)(5) as paragraph (a)(4). 

§ 86.1801-12 Applicability.
Page 8 of 36 

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(ii) Greenhouse gas emission standards apply as specified in 40 CFR parts 1036 and 1037 

instead of the standards specified in this subpart.

(iii) The provisions of this subpart are optional for diesel-fueled Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles 

in a given model year if those vehicles are equipped with engines certified to the appropriate 

standards in § 86.007-11 for which less than half of the engine family’s sales for the model 

year in the United States are for complete Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles. This includes engines 

sold to all vehicle manufacturers. If you are the original manufacturer of the engine and the 

vehicle, base this showing on your sales information. If you manufacture the vehicle but are 

not the original manufacturer of the engine, you must use your best estimate of the original 

manufacturer's sales information. 

(3) The provisions of this subpart generally do not apply to incomplete heavy-duty vehicles or to 

complete vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR (see subpart A of this part and 40 CFR parts

1036 and 1037). However, this subpart applies to such vehicles in the following cases: 

* * * * * 

1016. Section 86.1803-01 is amended by revising the definition of “Averaging set” to read as 

follows: 

§86.1803-01 Definitions. 

* * * * *

Averaging set means a category or subcategory of complete heavy-duty vehicles within 

which test groups can average and trade emission credits with one another. 

* * * * * 

1017. Section 86.1805-17 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (c) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1805-17 Useful life. 

(a) General provisions. The useful life values specified in this section apply for all exhaust, 

evaporative, refueling, and OBD emission requirements described in this subpart, except for 

standards that are specified to apply only at certification. These useful life requirements also 

apply to all air conditioning leakage credits, air conditioning efficiency credits, and other credit 

programs used by the manufacturer to comply with the fleet-average CO2 emission standards in § 

86.1818. Useful life values are specified as a given number of calendar years or and miles of 

driving, whichever comes first. 

(b) Greenhouse gas pollutants. The emission standards in § 86.1818 apply for a useful life of 10 

years or 120,000 miles for LDV and LLDT and 11 years or 120,000 miles for HLDT and 

HDVMDPV. Manufacturers may alternatively certify based on a longer useful life as specified 

in paragraph (d) of this section. 

(c) Cold temperature emission standards. The cold temperature NMHC emission standards in § 

86.1811 apply for a useful life of 10 years or 120,000 miles for LDV and LLDTvehicles at or 

below 6,000 pounds GVWR, and 11 years or 120,000 miles for HLDT and HDVvehicles above 

6,000 pounds GVWR. The cold temperature CO emission standards in § 86.1811 apply for a 

useful life of 5 years or 50,000 miles. 

* * * * * 

Commented [SA1]: Copied from (a)(4). 
Page 9 of 36 

1018. Section 86.1806-17 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(8) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1806-17 Onboard diagnostics. 

* * * * * 

(a) * * *

(8) Apply thresholds for exhaust emission malfunctions from Tier 3 vehicles based on the 

thresholds calculated for the corresponding bin standards in the California LEV II program as 

prescribed for the latest model year in 13 CCR 1968.2(e) and (f)(1) through (3). For example, 

for Tier 3 Bin 160 standards, apply the threshold that applies for the LEV standards. For cases 

involving Tier 3 standards that have no corresponding bin standards from the California LEV II 

program, use the next highest LEV II bin. For example, for Tier 3 Bin 50 standards, apply the 

threshold that applies for the ULEV standards. You may apply thresholds that are more stringent 

than we require under this paragraph (a)(8). 

* * * * * 

1019. Section 86.1810-01 is amended by revising paragraph (o) and removing paragraph (p) to 

read as follows: 

§ 86.1810-01 General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe condition; waivers. 

* * * * * 

(o) NMOG measurement determination procedures. Measure NMOG emissions or determine 

NMOG emissions based on NMHC measurements using the procedures described in 40 CFR 

10661065.635. (p) For Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 vehicles fueled by gasoline, diesel, natural 

gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or hydrogen, manufacturers may instead measure NMHC and 

multiply the result non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in lieu of NMOG. Manufacturers must 

multiply NMHC measurements from gasoline vehicles by an adjustment factor of 1.04 before 

comparing with the NMOG standard to determine compliance with that standard. For vehicles 

fuel by natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen manufacturers must propose an 

adjustment factor to adjust NMHC results to properly represent NMOG results. Such factors 

must be based upon comparative testing of NMOG and NMHC emissions and be approved in 

advance by the Administrator.

1020. Section 86.1810-17 is amended by revising paragraph (h)(1) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1810-17 General requirements. 

* * * * * 

(h) * * * 

(1) For criteria exhaust emissions, we may identify the worst-case fuel blend for testing in 

addition to what is required for gasoline-fueled vehicles. The worst-case fuel blend may be the 

fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.725, or it may consist of a combination of the fuels specified in 40 

CFR 1065.710(b) and 1065.725. We may waive testing with the worst-case blended fuel for 

US06 and/or SC03 duty cycles; if we waive only SC03 testing, substitute the SC03 emission 

result using the standard test fuel for gasoline-fueled vehicles to calculate composite SFTP 

emissions. 

* * * * * 

1021. Section 86.1811-04 is amended by revising paragraph (j) to read as follows: 
Page 10 of 36 

§ 86.1811-04 – Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles.

* * * * * 

(j) Highway NOX exhaust emission standard. The NOx emissions measured on the federal 

Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, must not be greater than 

1.33 times the applicable FTP NOx standard to which the manufacturer certifies the test group. 

Both the measured emissions and the product of the NOx standard and 1.33 must be rounded to 

the nearest 0.01 g/mi before being compared. 

* * * * * 

1022. Section 86.1811-17 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b)(2), (b)(8), (b)(9) 

introductory text, (b)(10), (b)(11), and (c) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1811-17 Exhaust emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles. 

(a) Applicability and general provisions. This section describes exhaust emission standards that 

apply for model year 2017 and later light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles. MDPVs are subject to all the same emission standards and certification 

provisions of this section that apply to LDT4. Some of the provisions of this section also apply 

to heavy-duty vehicles as specified in § 86.1816. See § 86.1818 for greenhouse gas emission 

standards. See § 86.1813 for evaporative and refueling emission standards. This section may 

apply to vehicles from model years earlier than 2017 as specified in paragraph (b)(11) of this 

section. 

(b) * * * 

(2) Table 1 of this section describes fully phased-in Tier 3 standards that apply as specified in 

this paragraph (b) for the identified driving schedules. The FTP standards for NMOG+NOx 

apply on a fleet-average basis using discrete bin standards as described in paragraph (b)(4) of 

this section. The bin standards include additional emission standards for high-altitude testing 

and for CO emissions when testing over the FTP driving schedule. The SFTP standards for 

NMOG+NOx apply on a fleet-average basis as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. 

Table 1 follows: 

Table 1 of § 86.1811-17–Fully Phased-in Tier 3 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/mile) 

NMOG+NOx PM CO Formaldehyde 

FTP1 SFTP FTP US06 SFTP FTP 

0.030 0.050 0.003 0.006 4.2 0.004 

1

 The fleet-average FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx is 

0.026 g/mile for any LDV or and LDT1 test groups certified to 

standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years in a 

given model year. 

* * * * * 

(8) The following provisions describe the primary approach for phasing in the Tier 3 

standards other than PM in 2025 and earlier model years: 

(i) FTP phase-in. The fleet-average FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx phases in 

over several years as described in this paragraph (b)(8)(i). You must identify FELs as 

described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section and calculate a fleet-average emission level 

to show that you meet the FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx that applies for each 
Page 11 of 36 

model year. For model year 2017, do not include vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. 

Through model year 2019, you may also certify to transitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 

standards, which consist of all-altitude FTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx of 

0.085 or 0.110 g/mile, respectively; additional FTP standards for PM, CO, and 

formaldehyde apply as specified in this section for vehicles certified to Bin 125 

standards. Fleet-average FTP emission standards decrease through the phase-in period 

as shown in the following table: 

Table 3 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tier 3 FTP 

Emission Standards for NMOG+NOx (g/mile) 

Model Year LDV, LDT1—150,000 

mile useful life1

LDV, LDT1—120,000 

mile useful life1

LDT2, HLDT 

2017 2 0.086 0.073 0.101 

2018 0.079 0.067 0.092 

2019 0.072 0.061 0.083 

2020 0.065 0.055 0.074 

2021 0.058 0.049 0.065 

2022 0.051 0.043 0.056 

2023 0.044 0.037 0.047 

2024 0.037 0.031 0.038 

2025 0.030 0.026 0.030 

1 Vehicles certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles may comply based on the 

fleet-average standard specified for 150,000 mile useful life in certain circumstances as specified 

in paragraph (b)(8)(iii)(A) of this section. Calculate the adjusted fleet-average standard for LDV 

and LDT1 test groups certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years in 

a given model year by multiplying the specified value by 0.85 and rounding to the nearest 0.001 

g/mile. Through model year 2019, apply this adjustment only if one or more test groups is 

certified to Bin 70 or lower standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years.

2 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR HLDT and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 standards starting 

with model year 2018.

(ii) SFTP phase-in. The fleet-average SFTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx phases 

in over several years as described in this paragraph (b)(8)(ii). You must identify FELs as 

described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section and calculate a fleet-average emission level 

to show that you meet the SFTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx that applies for each 

model year. 

(A) Calculate the fleet-average emission level together for all your light-duty vehicles 

and light-duty trucks, except for those certified using the provisions of paragraph 

(b)(8)(ii)(C) of this section. For model year 2017, do not include vehicles above 

6,000 pounds GVWR (in the numerator or denominator). 

(B) Fleet-average SFTP emission standards decrease through the phase-in period as 

shown in the following table: 
Page 12 of 36 

Table 4 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tier 3 SFTP Emission Standards 

Model 

Year 

NMOG+NOx 

(g/mile) 

20171 0.103 

2018 0.097 

2019 0.090 

2020 0.083 

2021 0.077 

2022 0.070 

2023 0.063 

2024 0.057 

2025 0.050 

1 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR HLDT 

and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 standards 

starting with model year 2018. 

(C) You may use the SFTP stand-alone option Option 1 provisions specified in 13 

CCR 1961.2 (a)(7)(A)1 of the LEV III program to demonstrate compliance with 

EPA’s SFTP standards. Do not include any such test groups when demonstrating 

compliance with the phased-in fleet-average SFTP standards specified in this 

paragraph (b)(8)(ii). Note that this option is not available for vehicles certified to the 

transitional bins described in paragraph (b)(8)(i) of this section. 

(iii) Interim provisions. (A) For vehicles LDT2 and HLDT certified to bins higher than 

Bin 70 under this section through model year 2019, the Tier 2 useful life period 

applies as specified in § 86.1805-12 for all criteria pollutants other than PM. A 

similar provisions applies for LDV and LDT1, as described in Table 3 of this section. 

However, LDV and LDT1 test groups certified to bin standards above Bin 70 through 

model year 2019 may be included in the same averaging set with vehicles meeting 

standards over a 150,000 mile useful life, notwithstanding the provisions of 

§86.1861-17(b)(1)(iii). Any such vehicles you include in the averaging set for 

150,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fleet-average NMOG+NOx standard 

specified for 150,000 mile useful life; similarly, any such vehicles you include in the 

averaging set for 120,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fleet-average 

NMOG+NOx standard specified for 120,000 mile useful life.

(B) You may use the E0 test fuel specified in § 86.113 through model year 2019 for 

gasoline-fueled vehicles certified to bins higher than Bin 70. You may not certify 

these vehicles using carryover data after model year 2019. 

(C) Vehicles must continue to comply with the Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for 

NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1) if they 

are certified to transitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 standards, or if they are certified based 

on a fuel without ethanol, or if they are not certified to the Tier 3 PM standard. 

(iv) You may use the alternative phase-in provisions described in paragraph (b)(9) of this 

section to transition to the Tier 3 exhaust emission standards on a different schedule. 

(9) This paragraph (b)(9) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission 

standards for vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. If you choose this approach, you must 

phase in the Tier 3 standards for all your vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that are 

subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase-in, you must 

meet the fully phased-in standards specified in this paragraph (b) with 40, 70, and 100 
Page 13 of 36 

percent of your projected nationwide sales of all vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that 

are subject to this section in model years 2019 through 2021, respectively. Any vehicles not 

subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in period must continue to comply with the Tier 

2 standards in § 86.1811-04(c) and (f), including the Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for 

NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1). Vehicles 

subject to Tier 2 standards under this paragraph (b)(9) are subject to the useful life provisions 

in § 86.1805-12 relative to exhaust emission standards. Each vehicle counting toward the 

phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(9) must meet all the standards that apply 

throughout the useful life as specified in § 86.1805-17, and must use the Tier 3 test fuel 

specified in § 86.113-1507. The following exceptions and special provisions apply under 

this paragraph (b)(9): 

* * * * * 

(10) You may not use credits generated from Tier 2 vehicles for demonstrating compliance 

with the Tier 3 standards except as specified in this paragraph (b)(10). You may generate 

early credits with U.S. sales of Tier 2 vehicles in the two model years before the Tier 3 

standards start to apply for a given vehicle model. Vehicles certified to the Tier 2 standards 

must meet all the Tier 2 requirements in § 86.1811-10, including the fleet-average Tier 2 

standards. Calculate early Tier 3 emission credits as described in § 86.1861 by subtracting 

the appropriate Tier 2 fleet-average value for FTP emissions of NMOG+NOx from 0.160 

g/mile. Calculate your fleet-average value for the model year based on vehicles at or below 

6,000 pounds GVWR in 2015, on all sizes of vehicles in 2016, and on vehicles above 6,000 

pounds GVWR in 2017. You may use these early credits as described in § 86.1861 for 

demonstrating compliance with the FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx starting in 

model year 2017. You may use these early credits interchangeably for vehicles certified 

based on a useful life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. For model years 2018 and later, 

you may use any remaining these early credits for banking or trading subject to a limitation 

based on credits generated in California, as follows: 

(i) For the applicable model years in which you generate emission credits relative to 

California’s LEV III fleet-average NMOG+NOx standard, determine the actual 

California sales of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks and the actual nationwide 

sales of those same vehicles. (Note: If you have a credit deficit in a given model year for 

your LEV III vehicles, apply the provisions of this paragraph (b)(10)(i) based on the 

appropriate negative credit quantity.) In 2015, count sales only from vehicle models at or

below 6,000 pounds GVWR. For each model year, multiply the credits generated under 

the California program by the ratio of nationwide vehicle sales to LEV III vehicle sales to 

calculate an effective nationwide quantity. Sum these results for model years 2015 

through 2017. Note that this calculation results in a maximum credit quantity based on 

vehicle sales in all states, even though the initial credit calculation does not include 

vehicle sales in California or the section 177 states. If you comply with the LEV III 

standards based on pooled emission credits for California and the section 177 states, use 

those pooled emission credits and corresponding sales for calculating the maximum 

credit quantity under this paragraph (b)(10)(i). 

(ii) You may not use more early credits generated under this paragraph (b)(10) for 

banking or trading to demonstrate compliance with Tier 3 emission standards than the 

calculated value of the effective nationwide credit quantity summed in paragraph 

(b)(10)(i) of this section. If your generated credits are greater than this threshold, 
Page 14 of 36 

determine the ratio by which percentage of your generated early credits that exceed the 

threshold. Calculate an adjusted quantity of early credits generated under this paragraph 

(b)(10) by dividing decreasing the generated credit quantity from each model year by this 

ratio of generated credits relative to the calculated percentage that exceed the applicable 

threshold. This adjusted quantity of credits may be used for banking or trading relative to 

the Tier 3 standards, subject to the five-year credit life described in § 86.1861. 

(11) You may certify vehicles to the Tier 3 standards starting in model year 2015. To do this, 

you may either sell all your LEV III vehicles models nationwide, or you may certify a subset 

of your fleet to alternate fleet-average emission standards as follows: 

(i) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx are 0.100 g/mile 

in 2015 and 0.093 g/mile in 2016 for LDV and LDT1. 

(ii) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx are 0.119 g/mile 

in 2015, 0.110 g/mile in 2016, and 0.101 g/mile in 2017 for LDT2 and HLDT. 

(iii) The alternate fleet-average SFTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx are 0.140 in 

2015 for LDV and LDT1, 0.110 in 2016 for all vehicles, and 0.103 in 2017 for LDT2 and 

HLDT. 

(iv) The vehicles must meet FTP and SFTP standards for PM as specified in § 86.1811-

04. The PM testing provisions of § 86.1829-01(b)(1)(iii)(B) apply for these vehicles. 

(v) Vehicles not certified to the Tier 3 standards in a given model year must meet all the 

requirements that apply for Tier 2 vehicles in that model year. 

(vi) For cold temperature testing and for high-altitude testing, you may use the E0 fuel 

specified in § 86.113-04(a) or § 86.213 instead of the E10 test fuel specified in § 86.113-

1507. 

(vii) Vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11) to a bin standard at or below Bin 70 

must be certified to a useful life of 150,000 miles. 

(viii) The interim provisions described in paragraph (b)(8)(iii) of this section apply for 

vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11), except that credits generated under this 

paragraph (b)(11) may be used interchangeably for vehicles certified based on a useful 

life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. 

(ixvii) For vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11), you may generate emission 

credits and use those credits for demonstrating compliance with Tier 3 standards as 

described in paragraph (b)(10) of this section. 

* * * * * 

(14) This subpart describes several ways that the transition to Final Tier 3 standards applies 

differently for vehicles above and below 6,000 pounds GVWR. All these distinctions apply 

only for LDT. LDV as a category is defined independent of GVWR, so any LDV above 

6,000 pounds GVWR are subject to the same provisions that apply for LDV at or below 

6,000 pounds GVWR. Where this section refers to “vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR”, 

this should be understood to include LDT above 6,000 pounds GVWR and MDPV (or HLDT 

and MDPV), and to exclude all LDV. 

* * * * * 

(c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard. NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the 

federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed 

the applicable FTP bin standard for NMOG+NOx. Demonstrate compliance with this standard 

for low-mileage vehicles by applying the appropriate deterioration factor. For vehicles not 
Page 15 of 36 

certified to any Tier 3 emission standards specified in paragraph (b) of this section, the 

provisions of § 86.1811-04(j) apply instead of this paragraph (c). 

* * * * * 

(g) Cold temperature exhaust emission standards. The following standards in this paragraph (g) 

apply for certification and in-use vehicles tested over the test procedures specified in subpart C 

of this part, for testing at both low-altitude conditions and high-altitude conditions.: These 

standards apply only to gasoline-fueled vehicles. Multi-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles must 

comply with requirements using gasoline only. Testing with other fuels such as a high-level 

ethanol-gasoline blend, or testing on diesel vehicles, is not required. 

(1) Cold temperature CO standards. These cold temperature CO standards are applicable only to 

gasoline-fueled vehicles. These standards apply for testing at low-altitude conditions and highaltitude conditions. Cold temperature CO exhaust emission standards apply when measured 

using the test procedures specified in subpart C of this part, as follows: 

(i) For LDV and LDT1, the standard is 10.0 g/mile CO. 

(ii) For LDT2, LDT3 and LDT4, the standard is 12.5 grams per mile CO. 

(2) Cold temperature NMHC standards. The following Ffleet average cold temperature NMHC 

standards apply as follows: are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles, and apply equally to 

certification and in-use except as otherwise specified in § 86.1811-10(u) for in-use standards for 

applicable phase-in models. Testing with other fuels such as a high-level ethanol-gasoline blend, 

or testing on diesel vehicles, is not required. Multi-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles must 

comply with requirements using gasoline only.

* * * * * 

1023. Section 86.1813-17 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) and (a)(2)(i) to read as 

follows: 

§ 86.1813-17 Evaporative and refueling emission standards. 

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(iv) Emissions are generally measured with a flame ionization detector (FID). In the case of 

rig, diurnal, hot soak, and running loss testing with E10 test fuel, multiply measured 

(unspeciated) FID values by 1.08 to account for the FID’s reduced response to ethanol. 

However, yYou may instead determine total hydrocarbon equivalent for E10 testing based on 

speciated measurements as described in § 86.143-96(c). You may use different methods 

(with or without speciation) for different test elements for a given test vehicle; however, 

Yyou must always use the same method (with or without speciation) for all diurnal and hot 

soak of the specified evaporative testing for a given evaporative/refueling family. In 

addition, any later testing with vehicles from that evaporative/refueling family must use the 

same method that was used for the original testing. Similarly, any evaporative/refueling 

families certified in later model years using carryover data must use the same method that 

was used for the original testing. We may do testing with or without speciation, but we will 

apply the 1.08 correction factor to unspeciated measurements for any of these four categories 

of evaporative emissions only if you also use it to determine your final test results. 

(2) * * * 

(i) The emission standard for the sum of diurnal and hot soak measurements from the 

Commented [SA2]: Diurnal and hot soak emissions may not 

exceed the Tier 3 emission standards, as follows: 
Page 16 of 36 

two-diurnal test sequence and the three-diurnal test sequence is based on a fleet average 

in a given model year. You must specify a family emission limit (FEL) for each 

evaporative family. The FEL serves as the emission standard for the evaporative family 

with respect to all required diurnal and hot soak testing. Calculate your fleet-average 

emission level as described in § 86.1860 based on the FEL that applies for low-altitude 

testing to show that you meet the specified standard. For multi-fueled vehicles, calculate 

fleet-average emission levels based only on emission levels for testing with gasoline. 

You may generate emission credits for banking and trading and you may use banked or 

traded credits for demonstrating compliance with the diurnal plus hot soak emission 

standard for vehicles required to meet the Tier 3 standards, other than electric vehicles 

and gaseous-fueled vehicles, as described in § 86.1861 starting in model year 2017. You 

comply with the emission standard for a given model year if you have enough credits to 

show that your fleet-average emission level is at or below the applicable standard. You 

may exchange credits between or among evaporative families within an averaging set as 

described in § 86.1861. Separate diurnal plus hot soak emission standards apply for each 

evaporative/refueling emission family as shown for high-altitude conditions. The sum of 

diurnal and hot soak measurements may not exceed the following fleet-average Tier 3 

standards: 

Table 1 of § 86.1813-17—Tier 3 Diurnal Plus Hot Soak Emission Standards (grams per 

test) 

Vehicle category 

Low-altitude 

conditions—

fleet-average

High-altitude 

conditions 

LDV, LDT1 0.300 0.65 

LDT2 0.400 0.85 

HLDT 0.500 1.151

HDV 0.600 1.75 

1

 1.25 g/test for MDPVs. 

* * * * * 

1024. Section 86.1816-18 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(C), (b)(8) introuctory 

text, (b)(12)(iii), and (c) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1816-18 Emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(ii) * * * 

(C) For Class 3 vehicles, the Hot LA-92 driving schedule as specified in paragraph (c) of 

Appendix I of this part. 

* * * * * 

(8) This paragraph (b)(8) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission 

standards. If you choose this approach, you must phase in the Tier 3 standards for all your 

vehicles subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase in, you 
Page 17 of 36 

must meet all the standards specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section according to the phase-in 

schedule specified in Table 6 of this section based on the indicated percentage of your projected 

nationwide sales in each model year. These vehicles must meet the applicable FTP emission 

standard for CO and the HD-SFTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx and CO that apply for 

Class 2b Bin 170 and Class 3 Bin 230 as described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. Any 

vehicles not subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in period must continue to comply with 

the gaseous exhaust emission standards in § 86.1816-08. Each vehicle counting toward the PM 

phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(8) in model years 2019 and 2020 must also be 

included in the portion of the fleet meeting the Tier 3 standards for pollutants other than PM. 

Each vehicle counting toward the phase-in percentage for any pollutant must use the Tier 3 test 

fuel specified in § 86.113-1507. The following exceptions and special provisions apply under 

this paragraph (b)(8): 

* * * * * 

(12) * * * 

(iii) Alternate in-use FTP and HD-SFTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply as specified in the 

following table: 

Table 7 of § 86.1816-18—Alternate In-use NMOG+NOx Standards (g/mile) 

Class FEL Name FTP HD-SFTP1

2b 

Bin 250 0.370 1.120 

Bin 200 0.300 1.120 

Bin 170 0.250 0.630 

Bin 150 0.220 0.630 

3 

Bin 400 0.600 0.770 

Bin 270 0.400 0.770 

Bin 230 0.340 0.490 

Bin 200 0.300 0.490 

1

 For Class 2b vehicles with a power-to-weight ratio at or below 0.024 hp/pound 

that are certified to optional standards under paragraphs (b)(2) and (4) of this 

section, the following alternate in-use HD-SFTP standards for NMOG+NOx 

apply instead of those identified in the table: 0.490 g/mile for Bin 150 and Bin 

170; and 0.770 g/mile for Bin 200 and Bin 250. Note that vehicles certified to 

transitional Tier 3 FTP bins are not subject to HD-SFTP standards. 

* * * * * 

(c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard. For vehicles certified to any of the Tier 3 

standards specified in paragraph (b) of this section, NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the 

highway test cycle in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed the applicable 

NMOG+NOx bin standard for FTP testing. Demonstrate compliance with this standard for lowmileage vehicles by applying the appropriate deterioration factor. 

1025. Section 86.1829-15 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(2), (d)(1), and (e)(9) to read as 

follows: 

§ 86.1829-15 Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(2) Test one EDV in each test group using the FTP, and SFTP, and HFET test procedures in 40 

CFR part 1066 and the HFET test procedures of 40 CFR part 600, subpart B, to demonstrate 

compliance with other exhaust emission standards. 

* * * * * 
Page 18 of 36 

(d) * * * 

(1) For vehicles subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in §§ 86.1811, a manufacturer may 

provide a statement in the application for certification that vehicles comply with applicable 

PM standards instead of submitting PM test data for a certain number of vehicles. However, 

each manufacturer must test vehicles from a minimum number of durability data groups as 

follows: 

(i) Manufacturers with a single durability data group subject to the Tier 3 PM standards 

in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for that group. 

(ii) Manufacturers with two to eight durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM 

standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least two durability data groups 

each model year. EPA will work with the manufacturer to select durability data groups 

for testing, with the general expectation that testing will rotate to cover a manufacturer’s 

whole product line over time. If a durability data group has been certified in an earlier 

model year based on submitted PM data, and that durability data group is eligible for 

certification using carryover test data, that carryover data may count toward meeting the 

requirements of this paragraph (d)(1), subject to the selection of durability data groups. 

(iii) Manufacturers with nine or more durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in 

§ 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least 25 percent of those durability data groups each 

model year. We will work with the manufacturer to select durability data groups for testing as 

described in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section. 

* * * * * 

(e) * * * 

(9) For complete vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR with fuel tanks exceeding 35 gallons 

nominal fuel tank capacity, and for any incomplete vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR, a 

manufacturer may provide a statement in the application for certification that vehicles comply 

with refueling emission standards instead of submitting test data, consistent with 40 CFR 

1037.103(c). 

* * * * * 

1026. Section 86.1844-01 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as follows: 

§86.1844-01 Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of 

information upon request. 

* * * * * 

(d) * * * 

(3) A description of applicable evaporative/refueling families and leak families in accordance 

with the criteria listed in §86.1821-01, or as otherwise used to group a product line. 

* * * * * 

1027. Section 86.1845-04 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(5), (c)(5), and (f)(2) to read as 

follows:

§ 86.1845-04 Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle of a test group shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and 

the US06 portion of the SFTP as described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is 

tested for compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards under this subpart. Test 
Page 19 of 36 

vehicles subject to applicable exhaust CO2 emission standards under this subpart shall also be 

tested in accordance with the HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, of this 

chapter. 

(ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mManufacturers must measure PM emissions 

over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at least 50 percent of the vehicles tested under 

paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section. 

(iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manufacturers must demonstrate compliance with 

the Tier 3 leak standard specified in § 86.1813, if applicable, as described in this paragraph 

(b)(5)(iii). Manufacturers must evaluate each vehicle tested under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this 

section, except that leak testing is not required for vehicles tested under paragraph (b)(5)(iv) of 

this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at least one vehicle 

from each leak family for a given model year. Manufacturers may rely on OBD monitoring 

instead of testing as follows: 

(A) A vehicle is considered to pass the leak test if the OBD system completed a leak check 

within the previous 750 miles of driving without showing a leak fault code. 

(B) Whether or not a vehicle’s OBD system has completed a leak check within the previous 

750 miles of driving, the manufacturer may operate the vehicle as needed to force the OBD 

system to perform a leak check. If the OBD leak check does not show a leak fault, the 

vehicle is considered to pass the leak test. 

(C) If the most recent OBD leak check from paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section 

shows a leak-related fault code as specified in § 86.1806-17(b), the vehicle is presumed to 

have failed the leak test. Manufacturers may perform the leak measurement procedure 

described in 40 CFR 1066.985 for an official result to replace the finding from the OBD leak 

check. 

(D) Manufacturers may not perform repeat OBD checks or leak measurements to over-ride a 

failure under paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(C) of this section. 

(iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall 

be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission and 

refueling emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested 

for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. 

For gaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested 

in accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission and refueling emission 

procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance 

with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test 

vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of this paragraph 

(b)(5)(ivii) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum number of vehicles 

as specified in Table S04–06 and Table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing 

under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section only if the vehicle is also tested for exhaust emissions 

under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and the US06 portion 

of the SFTP as described in subpart B of this part when such test vehicle is tested for compliance 

with applicable exhaust emission standards under this subpart. Test vehicles subject to applicable 

exhaust CO2 emission standards under this subpart shall also be tested in accordance with the 

HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B. One test vehicle from each test 
Page 20 of 36 

group shall be tested over the FTP at high altitude. The test vehicle tested at high altitude is not 

required to be one of the same test vehicles tested at low altitude. The test vehicle tested at high 

altitude is counted when determining the compliance with the requirements shown in Table S04–

06 and Table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section or the expanded sample size as provided 

for in this paragraph (c). 

(ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mManufacturers must measure PM emissions 

over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at least 50 percent of the vehicles tested under 

paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section. 

(iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manufacturers must evaluate each vehicle tested 

under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section to demonstrate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard 

specified in § 86.1813, except that leak testing is not required for vehicles tested under paragraph 

(c)(5)(iv) of this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at least 

one vehicle from each leak family for a given model year. Manufacturers may rely on OBD 

monitoring instead of testing as described in paragraph (bc)(5)(iii) of this section. 

(iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall 

be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission 

procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance 

with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. For gaseousfueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in 

accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission procedures described in 

subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable 

evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to fulfill 

the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of this paragraph (cb)(5)(ivii) will be counted when 

determining compliance with the minimum number of vehicles as specified in Table S04–06 and 

table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing under paragraph (cb)(5)(i) of this 

section only if the vehicle is also tested for exhaust emissions under the requirements of 

paragraph (cb)(5)(i) of this section. 

* * * * * 

(f) * * * 

(2) For flexible-fueled vehicles certified to NMOG (or NMOG+NOx) standards, the 

manufacturer may ask for EPA approval to demonstrate compliance using an equivalent NMOG 

emission result calculated from a ratio of ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions to gasoline NMHC 

exhaust emissions. Ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions are measured values from testing with the 

ethanol test fuel, expressed as NMOG. Gasoline NMHC exhaust emissions are measured values 

from testing with the gasoline test fuel, expressed as NMHC. This ratio must be established 

during certification for each emission-data vehicle for the applicable test group. Use good 

engineering judgment to establish a different ratio for each duty cycle or test interval as 

appropriate. Identify the ratio values you develop under this paragraph (f)(21) and describe the 

duty cycle or test interval to which they apply in the Part II application for certification. 

Calculate the equivalent NMOG emission result by multiplying the measured gasoline NMHC 

exhaust emissions for a given duty cycle or test interval by the appropriate ratio. 

* * * * * 

1028. Section 86.1846-01 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) to read as 

follows:

§ 86.1846-01 Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements. 
Page 21 of 36 

* * * * *

(b) * * * 

(1) * * *

(i) Additional testing is not required under this paragraph (b)(1) based on Supplemental FTP 

testing or evaporative/refueling testing. Testing conducted at high altitude under the 

requirements of § 86.1845-04(cb) will be included in determining if a test group meets the 

criteria triggering the testing required under this section.

(ii) The vehicle designated for testing tested under the requirements of § 86.1845–04(c)(2) with a

minimum odometer miles reading of 105,000 miles or 75% of useful life, whichever is less, will 

not be included in determining if a test group meets the triggering criteria. 

* * * * * 

1029. Section 86.1861-17 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1861-17 How do the NMOG+NOx and evaporative emission credit programs work? 

* * * * * 

(a) Calculate emission credits as described in this paragraph (a) instead of using the provisions of 

40 CFR 1037.705. Calculate positive or negative emission credits relative to the applicable fleetaverage standard. Calculate positive emission credits if your fleet-average level is below the 

standard. Calculate negative emission credits if your fleet-average value is above the standard. 

Calculate credits separately for each type of standard and for each averaging set. Calculate 

emission credits using the following equation, rounded to the nearest whole number: 

Emissioncredit Volume Fleet average standard = ⋅ − [ Fleet averagevalue]

Where: 

Emission credit = The positive or negative credit for each discrete fleet-average standard, in 

units of vehicle-grams per mile for NMOG+NOx and vehicle-grams per test for evaporative 

emissions.

Volume = Sales volume in a given model year from the collection of test groups or 

evaporative families covered by the fleet-average value, as described in § 86.1860. 

(b) The following restrictions apply instead of those specified in 40 CFR 1037.740: 

(1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(23) of this section, emission credits may be 

exchanged only within an averaging set, as follows:

(i) HDV represent a separate averaging set with respect to all emission standards. 

(ii) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section, LDV and LDT certified to 

standards based on a useful life of 150,000 miles and 15 years together represent a single 

averaging set with respect to all NMOG+NOx emission standards. Note that FTP and 

SFTP credits are not interchangeable. 

(iii) LDV and LDT1 certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles and 10 

years together represent a single averaging set with respect to NMOG+NOx emission 

standards. Note that FTP and SFTP credits are not interchangeable. 

(iv) The following separate averaging sets apply for evaporative emission standards: 

(A) LDV and LDT1 together represent a single averaging set. 

(B) LDT2 represents a single averaging set. 

(C) HLDT represents a single averaging set. 

(D) HDV represents a single averaging set. 

Commented [SA3]: Add multiplication symbol in equation (FR 

left it out). 
Page 22 of 36 

* * * * * 

1030. Appendix I to part 86 is amended by revising paragraph (c) introductory text to read as 

follows: 

APPENDIX I TO PART 86—DYNAMOMETER SCHEDULES

* * * * * 

(c) EPA driving schedule for class 3 heavy-duty vehicles. This driving schedule is also known 

as the LA-92 cycle. The first 1,435 seconds are the Hot LA-92 driving schedule.

* * * * * 

PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF 

MOTOR VEHICLES 

1031. The authority citation for part 600 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. 109–58. 

Subpart B—[Amended] 

1032. Section 600.116-12 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(5) to read as follows: 

§600.116-12 Special procedures related to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(5) The End-of-Test criterion is based on a 1 percent Net Energy Change as specified in Section 

3.8 of SAE J1711. We may approve alternate Net Energy Change tolerances as specified in 

Section 3.9.1 of SAE J1711 for charge-depleting tests or Appendix C of SAE J1711 for chargesustaining tests if the 1 percent threshold is insufficient or inappropriate for marking the end of 

charge-depleting operation. For charge-sustaining tests, we may approve the use of alternate Net 

Energy Change tolerances as specified in Appendix C of SAE J1711 to correct final fuel 

economy values, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions. For charge-sustaining 

tests, do not use alternate Net Energy Change tolerances to correct emissions of criteria 

pollutants. Additionally, if we approve an alternate End-of-Test criterion or Net Energy Change 

tolerances for a specific vehicle, we may use the alternate criterion or tolerances for any testing 

we conduct on that vehicle. 

* * * * * 

1033. Section 600.117 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as follows: 

§ 600.117 Interim provisions. 

* * * * * 

(b) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles comply with Tier 3 emission standards as 

specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, during fuel economy measurements using the gasoline 

test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), as long as this test fuel is used in fuel economy 

testing for all the applicable duty cycles specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails 

to meet a Tier 3 emission standard using the gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), 

the manufacturer must retest the vehicle using the Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 

1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California) to demonstrate compliance with 

all applicable emission standards over that test cycle. 
Page 23 of 36 

(c) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission standards for criteria pollutants 

over all five test cycles using the Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the 

equivalent LEV III test fuel for California), the manufacturer may use test data with the same test 

fuel to determine whether a the derived five-cycle calculations to demonstrate compliance with 

greenhouse gas emission standards and determine fuel economy values. This also applies for 

fuel economy labeling, as long as the test group meets the criteria described in § 600.115 for 

derived 5-cycle testing for fuel economy labeling. Such vVehicles may be tested over the FTP 

and HFET cycles with the test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a) under this paragraph (cb);

the vehicles must meet the Tier 3 emission standards over those test cycles as described in 

paragraph (b) of this section. 

(d) Manufacturers may perform testing with the appropriate either gasoline test fuels specified 

either in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a) and 40 CFR 86.213(a)(2), or in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) to evaluate 

whether their vehicles meet the criteria for derived 5-cycle testing under 40 CFR 600.115. ; 

however, aAll five tests must use test fuel with the same nominal ethanol concentrationmeeting 

the same specifications. 

* * * * * 

PART 1037—CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW HEAVY-DUTY MOTOR 

VEHICLES 

1034. The authority citation for part 1037 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. 

Subpart B–[Amended] 

1035. Section 1037.103 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(6) and (f) to read as follows: 

§ 1037.103 Evaporative and refueling emission standards. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * *

(6) Vehicles not yet subject to the Tier 3 standards in 40 CFR 86.1813 must meet evaporative 

emission standards as specified in §§ 86.008-10(b)(1) and (2) for Otto-cycle applications and 

86.007-11(b)(3)(ii) and (b)(4)(ii) for diesel-cycle applications. 

* * * * * 

(f) Useful life. Your vehicles must meet the evaporative emission standards of this section 

throughout their useful life, expressed in service miles or calendar years, whichever comes first. 

The useful life values for the standards of this section are described in 40 CFR 86.1805those that 

apply for criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86. 

* * * * * 

1036. Section 1037.104 is amended by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows: 

§ 1037.104 Exhaust emission standards for CO2, CH4, and N2O for heavy-duty vehicles at 

or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.

* * * * * 

(e) Useful life. Your vehicles must meet the exhaust emission standards of this section 

throughout their full useful life, expressed in service miles or calendar years, whichever comes 

first. The useful life values for the standards of this section are those that apply to model year 

2014 vehicles for criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86.1805. 
Page 24 of 36 

* * * * * 

1037. Section 1037.135 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(9) to read as follows: 

§1037.135 Labeling. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(9) If you rely on another company to design and install fuel tanks in incomplete vehicles that 

use an evaporative canister for controlling diurnal emissions, iInclude the following statement

for vehicles with an evaporative canister for controlling diurnal emissions: “THIS VEHICLE IS 

DESIGNED TO COMPLY WITH EVAPORATIVE EMISSION STANDARDS WITH UP TO 

x GALLONS OF FUEL TANK CAPACITY.” Complete this statement by identifying the 

maximum specified fuel tank capacity associated with your certification. 

* * * * * 

PART 1065—ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES

1038. The authority citation for part 1065 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. 

Subpart A—[Amended] 

1039. Section 1065.10 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(6) to read as follows: 

§1065.10 Other procedures. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(6) During the 12 months following the effective date of any change in the provisions of this 

part 1065 (and 40 CFR part 1066 for vehicle testing), you may use data collected using 

procedures specified in the previously applicable version of this part 1065 (and 40 CFR part 

1066 for vehicle testing). This also applies for changes to test procedures specified in the 

standard-setting part to the extent that these changes do not correspond to new emission 

standards. This paragraph (c)(6) does not restrict the use of carryover certification data 

otherwise allowed by the standard-setting part. 

* * * * * 

Subpart E—[Amended]

§1065.410 —[Amended] 

1040. Section 1065.410 is amended by removing paragraph (e).

Subpart G—[Amended]

1041. Section 1065.610 is amended by redesignating paragraph (a)(1)(viii) as paragraph 

(a)(1)(vii) and revising the redesignated paragraph (a)(1)(vii) to read as follows: 

§1065.610 Duty cycle generation. 

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 
Page 25 of 36 

(1) * * * 

(viii) The following example illustrates a calculation of fntest:

Pmax = 230.0

(fn1 = 2360, P1 = 223222.15, fnnorm1 = 1.002, Pnorm1 = 0.9675) 

(fn2 = 2364, P2 = 227226.78, fnnorm2 = 1.004, Pnorm2 = 0.9869859) 

(fn3 = 2369, P3 = 230228.06, fnnorm3 = 1.006, Pnorm3 = 0.9940) 

(fn4 = 2374, P4 = 220218.87, fnnorm4 = 1.008, Pnorm4 = 0.9519508) 

Sum of squares = (1.0022 + 0.9675

2

) = 1.94 

Sum of squares = (1.0042 + 0.986298592) = 1.98 

Sum of squares = (1.0062 + 0.9940

2

) = 2.00 

Sum of squares = (1.0082 + 0.951295082) = 1.92 

( ) ( )

ntest

0.98 2.0 1.94 0.98 2.0 2.0 2360 2364 2360 2369 2374 2369

1.98 1.94 1.92 2.0

2

2362.0 2371.5 2366.8 r min

2

f

    ⋅ − ⋅ − 

+ − ⋅ + + − ⋅    

    − − 

=

+

= =

( ) ( )

npmax

0.98 230.0 222.5 0.98 230.0 228.6 2360 2364 2360 2369 2374 2369

226.8 222.5 218.7 228.6

2

2362.7 2370.6 2366.7 r min

2

f

 ⋅ − ⋅ −   

+ − ⋅ + + − ⋅    

 −   − 

=

+

= =

* * * * * 

1042. Section 1065.650 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(1)(i) to read as follows: 

§1065.650 Emission calculations. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(i) Correct all gaseous emission analyzer concentration readings, including continuous readings, 

sample bag readings, and dilution air background readings, for drift as described in §1065.672. 

Note that you must omit this step where brake-specific emissions are calculated without the drift 

correction for performing the drift validation according to §1065.550(b). When applying the 

initial THC and CH4 contamination readings according to §1065.520(f), use the same values for 

both sets of calculations. You may also use as-measured values in the initial set of calculations 

and corrected values in the drift-corrected set of calculations as described in §1065.520(f)(g)(7). 

* * * * * 

Subpart H—[Amended] 

1043. Section 1065.710 is amended by revising paragraph (c), including Table 2 to read as 

follows: 

§1065.710 Gasoline. 

* * * * * 

(c) The specifications of this paragraph (c) apply for testing with neat gasoline. This is 

sometimes called indolene or E0 test fuel. Gasoline for testing must have octane values that 
Page 26 of 36 

represent commercially available fuels for the appropriate application. Test fuel specifications 

apply as follows: 

TABLE 2 OF § 1065.710–TEST FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FOR NEAT (E0) GASOLINE

Property Unit 

SPECIFICATION Reference 

Procedure1 General Testing Low-Temperature 

Testing 

Distillation Range: 

Evaporated initial boiling point 

10% evaporated 

50% evaporated 

90% evaporated 

Evaporated final boiling point 

°C 

24 - 352

49 - 57 

93 - 110 

149 - 163 

Maximum, 213 

24 - 36 

37 - 48 

82 - 101 

158 - 174 

Maximum, 212 

ASTM D86 

Hydrocarbon composition: 

Olefins 

Aromatics 

Saturates 

volume % Maximum, 0.10 

Maximum, 0.35 

Remainder 

Maximum, 0.17.5 

Maximum, 0.30.4 

Remainder 

ASTM D1319 

Lead g/liter Maximum, 0.013 Maximum, 0.013 ASTM D3237 

Phosphorous g/liter Maximum, 0.0013 Maximum, 0.005 ASTM D3231 

Total sulfur mg/kg Maximum, 80 Maximum, 80 ASTM D2622 

Dry vapor pressure equivalent3 kPa

(psi)

60.0 - 63.42,4

(8.7-9.2)

77.2 - 81.4

(11.2-11.8) ASTM D5191 

1ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 1065.1010. See § 1065.701(d) for other allowed 

procedures. 

2For testing at altitudes above 1219 m, the specified initial boiling point range is (23.9 to 40.6) °C and the 

specified volatility range is (52.0 to 55.2) kPa ((7.5 to 8.0) psi). 

3Calculate dry vapor pressure equivalent, DVPE, based on the measured total vapor pressure, pT, in kPa using the 

following equation: DVPE (kPa) = 0.956·pT - 2.39 or DVPE (psi) = 0.956·pT – 0.347. DVPE is intended to be 

equivalent to Reid Vapor Pressure using a different test method. 

4For testing unrelated to evaporative emissions, the specified range is (55.2 to 63.4) kPa ((8.0 to 9.2) psi). 

* * * * * 

PART 1066—VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES

1044. The authority citation for part 1066 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. 

Subpart A—[Amended] 

1045. Section 1066.10 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows: 

§1066.10 Other procedures. 

* * * * * 

(c) Exceptions. We You may allow or require you to use procedures other than those specified 

in this part as described in 40 CFR 1065.10(c). All the test procedures noted as exceptions to the 

specified procedures are considered generically as "other procedures." Note that the terms 

"special procedures" and "alternate procedures" have specific meanings; "special procedures" are 

those allowed by 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(2) and "alternate procedures" are those allowed by 40 CFR 

1065.10(c)(7). If we require you to request approval to use other procedures under this 

paragraph (c), you may not use them until we approve your request. 

* * * * * 

Subpart B—[Amended] 
Page 27 of 36 

1046. Section 1066.125 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.125 Data updating, recording, and control.

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

(1) This paragraph (a)(1) applies where we specify a minimum command and control frequency 

that is greater than the minimum recording frequency, such as for sample flow rates from a CVS 

that does not have a heat exchanger. For these measurements, the rate at which you read and 

interpret the signal must be at least as frequent as the minimum command and control frequency. 

You may record values at the same frequency, or you may record them as mean values, as long 

as the frequency of the mean values meets the minimum recording frequency. You must use all 

read values, either by recording them or using them to calculate mean values. For example, if 

your system reads and controls the sample flow rate at 10 Hz, you may record these values at 10 

Hz, record them at 5 Hz by averaging pairs of consecutive points together, or record them at 1 

Hz by averaging five ten consecutive points together. 

* * * * * 

Subpart C—[Amended] 

1047. Section 1066.235 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(1)(i) before the “Where” 

statement to read as follows: 

§ 1066.235 Speed verification procedure. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(i) Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode. Set the dynamometer speed to a value of 

approximately 4.5 m/s (10 mph); record the output of the frequency counter after 10 seconds. 

Determine the roll speed, vact, using the following equation: 

roll

act

f d

v

n

⋅ ⋅π

=

 Eq. 1066.235-1 

* * * * * 

1048. Section 1066.255 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.255 Parasitic loss verification.

* * * * * 

(d) Performance evaluation. Some dynamometers automatically update the parasitic loss curve 

for further testing. If this is not the case, compare the new parasitic loss curve to the original 

parasitic loss curve from the dynamometer manufacturer or the most recent parasitic loss curve 

you programmed into the dynamometer. You may reprogram the dynamometer to accept the 

new curve in all cases, and you must reprogram the dynamometer if any point on the new curve 

departs from the earlier curve by more than ±9.0 N (±2.0 lbf) for dynamometers capable of 
Page 28 of 36 

testing vehicles at or below 20,000 pounds GVWR, or ±36.0 N (±8.0 lbf) for dynamometers not 

capable of testing vehicles at or below 20,000 pounds GVWR. 

1049. Section 1066.270 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(4) to read as follows: 

§1066. 270 Unloaded coastdown verification. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(4) Determine the average coastdown force, F, for each speed and inertia setting for each of the 

coastdowns performed using the following equation: 

I v v ( init final)

F

t

⋅ −

=

Eq. 1066.270-1 

Where: 

F = the average force measured during the coastdown for each speed interval and inertia setting, 

expressed in lbf·s2

/ft and rounded to four significant figures.

I = the dynamometer’s inertia setting, in lbf· s2

/ft. 

vinit = the speed at the start of the coastdown interval, expressed in ft/s to at least four significant 

figures. 

vfinal = the speed at the end of the coastdown interval, expressed in ft/s to at least four significant 

figures. 

t = coastdown time for each speed interval and inertia setting, accurate to at least 0.01 s. 

Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 6562.17 16 lbf·s2/ft

vinit = 25 mph = 36.66 ft/s 

vfinal = 15 mph = 22.0 ft/s 

t = 5.00 s 

62.16 36.66 22.0 ( )

5.00

F

⋅ −

=

F = 191182.1 2 lbf 

* * * * * 

Subpart D—[Amended] 

1050. Section 1066.301 is revised to read as follows: 

§ 1066.301 Overview of road-load determination coastdown procedures. 

(a) The coastdown procedures described in this subpart are used to determine the road-load target 

coefficients (A, B, and C) for the simulated road-load equation in § 1066.210(d)(3).

(b) The general procedure for determining road-load force is performing coastdown tests and 

calculating road-load coefficients. This procedure is described in SAE J1263 and SAE J2263 

(incorporated by reference in § 1066.1010). This subpart specifies certain deviations from those 

procedures for certain applications. 

(c) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects of road-load determinationcoastdown testing. 

For example, minimize the effects of grade by performing coastdown testing on reasonably level 

surfaces and determining coefficients based on average values from vehicle operation in opposite 
Page 29 of 36 

directions over the course. 

1051. Section 1066.305 is revised to read as follows: 

§ 1066.305 Coastdown pProcedures for specifying road-load forces for motor vehicles at or 

below 14,000 pounds GVWR. 

(a) For motor vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, develop representative road-load 

coefficients to characterize each test vehicle covered by a certificate of conformity. Calculate 

road-load target coefficients by performing coastdown tests using the provisions of SAE J1263 

and SAE J2263 (incorporated by reference in § 1066.1010). You may use other methods, such 

as equivalent test procedures or analytical modeling, to characterize road load using good 

engineering judgment. Determine dynamometer settings to simulate the road-load profile 

represented by these road-load target coefficients as described in §1066.315. Supply 

representative road -load forces for each vehicle at speeds above 15 km/hr (9.3 mph), and up to 

115 km/hr (71.5 mph)Perform coastdowns at a starting speed as specified in SAE J2263, or at the 

highest speed from the range of applicable duty cycles. 

(b) For cold temperature testing described in subpart H of this part, determine road-load target 

coefficients using one of the following methods: 

(1) You may perform coastdown tests or use other methods to characterize road load as 

described in paragraph (a) of this section based on vehicle operation at a nominal ambient 

temperature of -7 °C (20 °F). 

(2) You may multiply each of the road-load target coefficients determined using the procedures 

described in paragraph (a) of this section by 1.1 to approximate a 10 percent decrease in 

coastdown time for the test vehicle.Use the same road-load coefficients for all duty cycles. 

However, if your test conditions are substantially different from the conditions represented by 

your road-load coefficients, such as cold temperature testing, you may use good engineering 

judgment to develop separate road-load coefficients for cold temperature testing.

Subpart E—[Amended]

1052. Section 1066.410 is amended by revising paragraph (b) introductory text to read as 

follows: 

§1066.410 Dynamometer test procedure. 

* * * * * 

(b) Place the vehicle onto the dynamometer without starting the engine (for any cold-start test 

cycles) or drive the vehicle onto the dynamometer (for hot-start and hot-running cycles only) and 

position a fan that directs cooling air to the vehicle during dynamometer operation as described 

in this paragraph (b). This generally requires squarely positioning the fan in front of the vehicle 

and directing the airflow to the vehicle's radiator. Use good engineering judgment to design and 

configure fans to cool the test vehicle in a way that properly simulates in-use operation, 

consistent with the specifications of §1066.105. Except for the following special cases, use a 

road-speed modulated fan meeting the requirements of §1066.105(c)(2) that is placed within 90 

cm of the front of the vehicle and ensure that the engine compartment cover (i.e., hood) is closed: 

* * * * * 

1053. Section 1066.420 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows: 

§1066.420 Test preparation.

* * * * * 
Page 30 of 36 

(b) For vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR with compression-ignition engines, verify the 

amount of nonmethane hydrocarbon contamination as described in 40 CFR 1065.520(f)(g). 

* * * * * 

Subpart F—[Amended]

1054. Section 1066.501 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(2)(ii) and (iii) to read as follows: 

§1066.501 Overview.

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(ii) We may approve the use of the alternate End-of-Test criterion in Section 3.9.1 of SAE J1711 

for charge-depleting tests and the Net Energy Change correction in Appendix C of SAE J1711 

for charge-sustaining tests if the specified criterion and correction are insufficient or 

inappropriate for establishing the transition between charge-depleting and charge-sustaining 

operation.

(iii) For charge-sustaining tests Appendix C of SAE J1711 may be used to correct final fuel 

economy values, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions, but may not be used to 

correct measured values for criteria pollutant emissions. 

* * * * * 

Subpart G—[Amended] 

1055. Section 1066.605 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(5) and (6) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.605 Mass-based and molar-based exhaust emission calculations.

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(5) Correct all gaseous concentrations for dilution air background as described in § 1066.610. 

(6) Correct NOx emission values for intake-air humidity as described in § 1066.615. 

* * * * * 

1056. Section 1066.615 is amended by revising the introductory text and paragraph (a)(2) to 

read as follows: 

§ 1066.615 NOx intake-air humidity correction. 

You may correct NOx emissions for intake-air humidity as described in this section if the 

standard-setting part allows it. See § 1066.605(c)(1) for the proper sequence for applying the 

NOx intake-air humidity correction. 

(a) * * * 

(2) Use the following equation to correct measured concentrations to a reference condition of 

10.71 grams H2O vapor per kilogram of dry air for the FTP, US06, LA-92, SC03, and HFET test 

cycles: 

( )

s

NOxcor NOx 1 0.0329 10.71

H

x x

H

= ⋅

− ⋅ −

Eq. 1066.615-2 

Where: 

xNOxdexh = measured dilute NOx emissions concentration in the sample, after dry-to-wet and
Page 31 of 36 

background corrections. 

Hs = humidity scale. Set = 1 for FTP, US06, LA-92, and HFET test cycles. Set = 0.8825 for the 

SC03 test cycle. 

H = ambient humidity, as determined in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. 

Example:

H = 7.14741 g H2O vapor/kg dry air time weighted over the FTP test cycle 

xNOxdexh = 1.21 ppm 

( ) NOxcor

1

1.21 1.08305 ppm

1 0.0329 7.14741 10.71

x = ⋅ =

− ⋅ −

* * * * * 

1057. Section 1066.635 is amended by adding paragraph (c)(6) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.635 NMOG determination. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(6) For PHEVs, you may determine NMOG based on testing over one full UDDS using Eq. 

1066.635-3.

* * * * * 

Subpart H—[Amended] 

1058. Section 1066.701 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.701 Applicability and general provisions. 

(a) The procedures of this part 1066 may be used for testing at any ambient temperature. 

Section 1066.710 describes the provisions that apply for testing vehicles at a nominal 

temperature of 20 -7 °C (68 20 °F); these procedures apply for motor vehicles as described in 40 

CFR part 86, subpart S, and 40 CFR part 600. For other vehicles, see the standard-setting part to 

determine if your vehicle is required to meet emission standards outside the normal (20 to 30) °C 

((68 to 86) °F) temperature range. 

* * * * * 

1059. Section 1066.710 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.710 Cold temperature testing procedures for measuring CO and NMHC emissions 

and determining fuel economy. 

* * * * * 

(c) Heater and defroster. During the test, operate the vehicle's interior climate control system 

with the heat on and set to primarily defrost the front window. Turn air conditioning off. You 

may not use any supplemental auxiliary heat during this testing. You may set the heater to any 

temperature and fan setting during vehicle preconditioning. 

(1) Manual controlly controlled systems. Unless you rely on automatic control as specified in 

paragraph (c)(2) of this section, take the following steps to control heater settings: 

(i) Set the climate control system as follows before the first acceleration (t=20 s), or before 

starting the vehicle if the climate control system allows it:Prior to the first acceleration, 20 

seconds after the start of the UDDS, set the climate control as follows (these settings may be 

initiated prior to starting the vehicle if allowed by the vehicle's climate control system):
Page 32 of 36 

(A) Temperature. Set controls to maximum heat. For automatic control systems running in 

manual mode, set the heater control to 72 °F or higher.

(B) Fan speed. Set the fan speed to full off or the lowest available speed if a full off position is 

not available. 

(C) Airflow direction. Direct airflow to the front window (window defrost mode). 

(D) Air source. If independently controllable, set the system to draw in outside air. 

(ii) At the second idle of the test cycle, which occurs 125 seconds after the start of the test, set 

the fan speed to maximum. Complete by 130 seconds after the start of the test. Leave 

temperature and air source settings unchanged. 

(iii) At the sixth idle of the test interval, which occurs at the deceleration to zero miles per hour 

505 seconds after the start of the test, set the fan speed to the lowest setting that maintains air 

flow. Complete these changes by 510 seconds after the start of the test. You may use different 

vent and fan speed settings for the remainder of the test. Leave the temperature and air source 

settings unchanged. 

(2) Automatic control systems. For vehicles with automatic control systems running in automatic 

mode, you may follow the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section or you may set the 

temperature to 72 °F and the air flow control to the front window defrost mode for the whole 

test. 

(3) Multiple-zone systems. For vehicles that have separate driver and passenger controls or 

separate front and rear controls, you must set all temperature and fan controls as described in 

paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section, except that rear controls need not be set to defrost the 

front window. 

(4) Alternative test procedures. We may approve the use of other settings under 40 CFR 86.1840 

if a vehicle's climate control system is not compatible with the provisions of this section. 

* * * * * 

Subpart I—[Amended] 

1060. Section 1066.801 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(2) and Figure 1 in paragraph (e) 

to read as follows: 

§ 1066.801 Applicability and general provisions. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(2) The Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) measures the emission effects from 

aggressive driving and operation with the vehicle’s air conditioner. The SFTP is based on a 

composite of three different test elements. In addition to the FTP, vehicles generally operate 

over the US06 and SC03 driving schedules as specified in paragraphs (g) and (h) of Appendix I 

of 40 CFR part 86, respectively. In the case of heavy-duty vehicles above 10,000 pounds 

GVWR and at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, SFTP testing involves additional driving over 

the Hot LA-92 driving schedule as specified in paragraph (c) of 40 CFR part 86, Appendix I, 

instead of the US06 driving schedule. Note that the US06 driving schedule represents about 8.0 

miles of relatively aggressive driving; the SC03 driving schedule represents about 3.6 miles of 

urban driving with the air conditioner operating; and the hot portion of the LA-92 driving 

schedule represents about 9.8 miles of relatively aggressive driving for commercial trucks. See § 

§ 1066.815 and 1066.820. 

* * * * * 
Page 33 of 36 

(e) * * * 

1061. Section 1066.815 is amended by revising paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (d)(2)(iii) to read as 

follows: 

§ 1066.815 Exhaust emission test procedures for FTP testing. 

* * * * * 

(d) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(ii) Repeat the steps in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section. Operate the vehicle over the first 505

seconds of the UDDS. For tests that do not include bag 4 operation, At the end of the 

deceleration scheduled to occur 505 seconds into the hot-start UDDS, turn off the engine and 

simultaneously stop all hot-start sampling and recording, including background sampling, and 

any integrating devices at the end of the deceleration scheduled to occur 505 seconds into the 

hot-start UDDS. 

(iii) For tests that do not include bag 4 operation, turn the engine off. To include bag 4 

measurement, operate the vehicles over the remainder of the UDDS and conclude the testing as 

described in paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) of this section. 

* * * * * 

1062. Section 1066.831 is amended as follows: 

a. By revising paragraphs (b)(3)(ii)(D). 
Page 34 of 36 

b. By adding paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(G). 

c. By revising paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (e)(2)(iii). 

§ 1066.831 Exhaust emission test procedures for aggressive driving. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(3) * * * 

(ii) * * * 

(D) US06 driving schedule or, for heavy-duty vehicles above at or below 10,000 pounds GVWR 

with a power-to-weight ratio at or below 0.024 hp/lbm, just the highway portion of the US06 

driving schedule. 

* * * * * 

(G) The Hot LA-92 driving schedule.

* * * * * 

(e) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(i) For heavy-duty vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR, operate the vehicle over the Hot LA92 driving schedule. 

(ii) * * * 

(iii) Non-MDPVAll heavy-duty vehicles shall be tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight as 

described in 40 CFR 86.1816. 

* * * * * 

1063. Section 1066.835 is amended by revising paragraph (e)(2) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.835 Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions.

* * * * * 

(e) * * * 

(2) Vehicle frontal air flow. Verify that the fan configuration meets the requirements of § 

1066.105(c)(3). You may add airflow up to a maximum of 2 miles per hour during engine idling 

and when the engine is off if that is needed to meet ambient temperature or humidity 

requirements.

* * * * * 

1064. Section 1066.845 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) and (e)(2) and adding paragraph 

(e)(3) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.845 AC17 air conditioning efficiency test procedure. 

* * * * * 

(b) Test cell. Operate the vehicle in a test cell meeting the specifications described in § 

1066.835(e). You may add airflow up to at a maximum of 4 miles per hour during engine idling

and when the engine is off if that is needed to meet ambient temperature or humidity 

requirements. 

* * * * * 

(e) * * * 

(2) For manual systems, select A/C mode, set the temperature to full cold and “maximum”, set 

airflow to “recirculate” (if so equipped), and select the highest fan setting. During the first idle 

period of the SC03 driving schedule (between 186 and 204 seconds), reduce the fan speed setting 

to nominally 50 % of maximum fan speed, set airflow to “fresh air” (if so equipped), and adjust 
Page 35 of 36 

the temperature setting to target a temperature of 55 °F (13 °C) at the dashboard air outlet. 

Maintain these settings for the remainder of the test. You may rely on prior temperature 

measurements to determine the temperature setting; however, if the system is unable to meet the 

55 °F (13 °C) target, you may instead set airflow to “fresh air” and temperature to full cold. If 

the vehicle is equipped with technology that defaults to recirculated air at ambient temperatures 

above 75 °F (22 °C), that technology should remain enabled throughout the test; this may mean 

not setting the airflow to “recirculate” at the start and not setting the airflow to "fresh air" during 

the first idle period of the SCO3 SC03 driving schedule. Except as specified in paragraph (e)(3) 

of this section, use good engineering judgment to apply the settings described in this paragraph 

(e)(2) equally throughout the vehicle if there are separate controls for different zones (such as 

rear air conditioning). 

(3) If the air conditioning system is designed with parameters that switch back to a default setting 

at key-off, perform testing in that default condition. If the air conditioning system includes any 

optional equipment or user controls not addressed in this paragraph (e), the manufacturer should 

ask us for preliminary approval to determine the appropriate settings for testing.

* * * * * 

Subpart J—[Amended] 

1065. Section 1066.985 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(9) to read as follows: 

§1066.985 Fuel storage system leak test procedure. 

* * * * * 

(d) * * * 

(9) Repeat the test described in this paragraph (dc) for each access point described in the 

application for certification. Use each test result (without averaging) to determine whether the 

vehicle passes the leak standard. 

* * * * * 

Subpart K—[Amended] 

1066. Section 1066.1001 is amended by adding a definition for “Hot LA-92” in alphabetical 

order to read as follows: 

§ 1066.1001 Definitions. 

* * * * * 

Hot LA-92 means the first 1435 seconds of the LA-92 driving schedule.

* * * * * 

1067. Section 1066.1005 is amended by revising paragraph (h) to read as follows: 

§ 1066.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure. 

* * * * * 

(h) Prefixes. This part uses the following prefixes to define a quantity: 

Symbol Quantity Value 

n nano 10-9

μ micro 10-6

m milli 10-3

c centi 10-2

k kilo 103

M mega 106
Page 36 of 36 

n nano 10-9

1068. Section 1066.1010 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: 

§1066.1010 Incorporation by reference. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(1) SAE J1263, Road Load Measurement and Dynamometer Simulation Using Coastdown 

Techniques, revised March 2010, IBR approved for §§1066.301(b), 1066.305, and 1066.310(b). 

* * * * *