| (a)   | Designed                    such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure                    controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,                    to ensure                    that material information relating to the registrant, including                    its                    consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within                    those                    entities, particularly during the period in which this report                    is being                    prepared; |
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| (b)   | [Omitted                    in accordance with SEC Release Nos. 33-8238, 34-47986 and IC-26068                    (September 5, 2003)]; |
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| (c)   | Evaluated                    the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures                    and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness                    of                    the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the                    period                    covered by this report based on such evaluation;                    and |
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| (d)   | Disclosed                    in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over                    financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent                    fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an                    annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably                    likely to                    materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial                    reporting; and |
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| (a)   | All                    significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design                    or                    operation of internal control over financial reporting which                    are                    reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record,                    process, summarize and report financial information;                    and |
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| (b)   | Any                    fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other                    employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control                    over financial                    reporting. |
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