The Honorable J. Ronnie Greer, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of *

Tennessee, sitting by designation. 

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 10a0577n.06

No. 08-2216

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

KELLY WILLIAMS, )

Plaintiff-Appellant, )

)

v. ) ON APPEAL FROM THE 

) UNITED STATES DISTRICT 

) COURT FOR THE EASTERN

RELIANCE STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE ) DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

COMPANY, )

Defendant-Appellee. ) OPINION

Before: BATCHELDER, Chief Judge; WHITE, Circuit Judge; and GREER, District

Judge.*

GREER, District Judge. Kelly Williams (“Williams”) appeals the district court’s grant of

summary judgment to Reliance Standard Life Insurance Company (“Reliance”). Williams sued

under the Employment Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) for disability benefits under a

group long term disability insurance plan (the “Plan”) issued by Reliance and offered as a benefit

to employees by Quicken Loans, Williams’s employer. For the reasons which follow, we AFFIRM.

I. Background

Williams was employed by Quicken Loans from November 14, 2005, until March 11, 2006.

While employed at Quicken Loans, Williams was covered by a long term disability policy offered

to Quicken Loan employees as a part of an employee welfare benefit plan. Williams filed an
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application for disability benefits under the Plan on March 9, 2006. Reliance is the insurer of the

Plan as well as the delegated decision maker. 

The Plan includes a pre-existing condition limitation which applies to a claimant such as

Williams who has not been insured under the Plan for twelve consecutive months. Benefits will not

be paid for a total disability “caused by; contributed to by; or resulting from; a Pre-existing

condition.” A “Pre-existing condition” is defined by the Plan as “any Sickness or Injury for which

the Insured received medical treatment, consultation, care or services, including diagnostic

procedures, or took prescribed drugs or medicine, during the three months immediately prior to the

Insured’s effective date of insurance.” Williams became insured under the Plan on December 1,

2005. 

Williams’s application for long term disability benefits alleged inability to work due to

“Panic Attacks, Depression.” Williams disclosed on her application that she was first treated for

these symptoms in March, 1999, and that the symptoms had been recurring “for several years.”

Relying on Williams’s medical records and an independent review of her claim file by Kevin P.

Hayes, M.D., a board certified psychiatrist and neurologist, Reliance concluded that Williams had

been treated for these conditions during the three months immediately prior to the effective date of

her insurance and denied her claim under the Plan on November 17, 2006. Williams then filed a

complaint in the Circuit Court for the County of Wayne, State of Michigan, and her complaint was

subsequently removed to the district court. After the filing of motions for summary judgment by

both Williams and Reliance, the district court granted Reliance’s motion for summary judgment and

entered judgment in favor of Reliance. This appeal followed.
 The conflict of interest that exists when the insurer both decides whether the employee is eligible 1

for benefits and pays those benefits is a factor for the court to consider when deciding whether the decision

to deny benefits was arbitrary and capricious. Evans v. UnumProvident Corp., 434 F.3d 866, 876 (6th Cir.

2006). In considering this factor, the court considers whether there is evidence that the conflict influenced

the plan administrator’s decision. Id. Although Williams made an argument in the district court that Dr.

Hayes’s opinion was “manufactured to give color to an underlying ‘rubber stamping’ of the initial denial”

of benefits, the argument was not further developed. The district court did not address the argument in its

order, Williams has not raised the issue in this court, and there is no evidence in the record to suggest that

the conflict influenced the benefit denial decision. Under these circumstances, we will not address the issue

further.

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II. Standard of Review

“We review de novo the district court’s disposition of an ERISA action based upon the

administrative record, and apply the same legal standard as the district court.” Kovach v. Zurich Am.

Ins. Co., 587 F.3d 323, 328 (6th Cir. 2010) (citing Wilkins v. Baptist Healthcare Sys., Inc., 150 F.3d

609, 613 (6th Cir. 1998)). Because the Plan granted discretionary authority to Reliance as the Plan

administrator to interpret the Plan’s terms and to determine its benefits, we apply the arbitrary and

capricious standard. See Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101, 111-15 (1989). 1

The arbitrary and capricious standard is a deferential standard which requires the Court to uphold

the administrator’s decision if the administrator’s discussion is “rational in light of the plan’s

provisions.” Univ. Hosp. of Cleveland v. Emerson Elec. Co., 202 F.3d 839, 846 (6th Cir. 2000)

(quoting Yeager v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co., 88 F.3d 376, 381 (6th Cir. 1996)). 

III. Discussion and Analysis

The district court held that Reliance had a reasoned explanation for the denial of Williams’s

claim and was not arbitrary and capricious in its denial of long term disability benefits to Williams.

Williams argued in the district court, and argues here, that her disability is the result of “bipolar

disorder,” which is “medically recognized as a separate and distinct condition from depression,” for
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which she was treated during the three months immediately preceding the effective date of her

insurance. The record in the case establishes otherwise.

As noted above, Williams provided Reliance with her statement in support of her disability

claim. Under the section requesting information about the condition causing the disability, Williams

indicated that her first symptoms were “Panic Attacks, Depression,” and that her symptoms had been

“re-acurring [sic] for several years.” She indicated on the statement that she was unable to work

because of “crying spells, can’t concentrate and panic attacks,” and that she was first treated for these

symptoms on March 10, 1999. During the three month period prior to December 1, 2005, Williams

was seen by Dr. Phillip Fisher on September 19, 2005, with complaints of depression and anxiety.

Dr. Fisher prescribed Zoloft and Williams filled that prescription on November 5, 2005.

After Williams last worked, she was treated primarily by Drs. Lazar and Farooq. On May

19, 2006, Dr. Lazar completed a claim form in which he identified Williams’s primary diagnosis as

“major depression-recurrent.” Dr. Farooq identified Williams’s symptoms as depression and anxiety

and listed a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Williams also received treatment on several occasions at

St. Mary Mercy Hospital where she was hospitalized between May 17 and May 19, 2006, due to

complaints of depression and anxiety. Williams returned to St. Mary Mercy Hospital on August 18,

2006, with a chief complaint of “depression, suicidal thoughts.” 

Dr. Hayes identified Williams’s main symptoms as anxiety and depression. Based upon his

review of the medical records, Dr. Hayes concluded: 

The claimant has been giving conflicting reports about her symptomatology, but the

core symptoms appear to be anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression are

common symptoms of either Unipolar or Bipolar Depression. The treatment

providers who have examined the claimant prior to the date of loss appear to have
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utilized a diagnosis of Unipolar Depression as her condition and this resulted in a

diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder.

Dr. Hayes opined that Williams received treatment for her psychiatric condition during the period

September 1, 2005, through November 30, 2005, and that, regardless of whether she was diagnosed

with depression or bipolar disorder, “it really did not alter her treatment significantly because the

core treatment remains antidepressant medication.” As a result, Reliance concluded that Williams

suffered from a disability “caused by, contributed to by, or resulting from” a preexisting condition

and denied her long term disability claim. 

We agree with the district court that Reliance’s decision was not arbitrary and capricious in

this case. The evidence in the record is substantial that Williams’s disability was “caused by,

contributed to by, or result[ed] from” a preexisting condition, regardless of whether it is called

depression or bipolar disorder. She was seen by her doctor for depression and anxiety, was

prescribed antidepressant medication and she herself described her inability to work as “due to

depression.” 

As set forth above, the pre-existing condition limitation in Williams’s policy is triggered

when the insured person received “medical treatment, consultation, care or services, including

diagnostic procedures, or took prescribed drugs or medicine” as a result of any “[s]ickness or

[i]njury” during the three months prior to the effective date of the insurance. Williams admits she

was treated for depression, and received prescription drugs for the condition, within three months

of December 1, 2005, the effective date of the insurance. She claims, however, that her diagnosis

was subsequently changed to bipolar disorder, a condition “medically recognized as a separate and

distinct condition from depression and the treatment she received “was not related to her actual
 Williams presented to the district court an article by John M. Grohol, Psy. D., entitled “What’s

2

the Difference Between Bipolar Disorder and Depression,” and a June 3, 2008 “To Whom It May Concern”

letter from Dr. Farooq stating that “[u]pon further examination her diagnosis was changed to Bipolar

Disorder.” The district court declined to consider either the article or the letter, and we likewise do not

consider them. Our “review is limited to the administrative record of the benefit determination.” Evans, 434

F.3d at 876 (6th Cir. 2006).

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condition.” Williams’s position, however, “ignores the fact that depression is part and parcel of a 2

diagnosis of bipolar disorder,” as the district court observed. Both Dr. Farooq and Dr. Hayes

confirm that anxiety and depression are the basic symptoms of Williams’s condition, no matter

whether it is called “major depression” or “Bipolar Disorder.” Furthermore, the evidence in the

administrative record establishes that the medication prescribed during the limitation period would

not have changed regardless of the former diagnosis of plaintiff’s condition.

IV. Conclusion

For the reasons set forth above, the decision of the district court is AFFIRMED.