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Northeast Region_NR_Tests.docx

Author: Abt Associates Inc.

Created: 7/5/12

Updated: 7/6/12

Purpose: This file presents output from SAS code which compares characteristics of respondents to the Northeast regional 316(b)

stated preference survey to survey non-respondents. Tests include the Student T-test, Mann-Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon Test), and

Chi-Squared Test of Proportions. Results were used in developing model weights.

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Northeast Region - T-test for Age

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The TTEST Procedure

Variable: age

sample N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum

main 401 54.5910 15.5580 0.7769 10.0000 93.0000

nonresponse 110 53.3182 16.6854 1.5909 24.0000 94.0000

Diff (1-2) 1.2728 15.8062 1.7013

sample Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev

main 54.5910 53.0636 56.1184 15.5580 14.5506 16.7165

nonresponse 53.3182 50.1651 56.4713 16.6854 14.7340 19.2373

Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.2728 -2.0695 4.6152 15.8062 14.8921 16.8408

Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite 1.2728 -2.2229 4.7686

Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t|

Pooled Equal 509 0.75 0.4547

Satterthwaite Unequal 164.64 0.72 0.4732

Equality of Variances

Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F

Folded F 109 400 1.15 0.3392
3
4

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Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Gender

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The NPAR1WAY Procedure

Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable gender

Classified by Variable sample

sample N Sum of

Scores

Expected

Under H0

Std Dev

Under H0

Mean

Score

nonresponse 110 32617.0 28325.0 1173.14774 296.518182

main 404 99738.0 104030.0 1173.14774 246.876238

Average scores were used for ties.

Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test

Statistic 32617.0000

Normal Approximation

Z 3.6581

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.0001

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0003

t Approximation

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.0001

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0003

Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Chi-Square 13.3849

DF 1

Pr > Chi-Square 0.0003
5
6

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Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Gender

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The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of sample by gender

sample gender

male female Total

main 258

50.19

63.86

84.04

146

28.40

36.14

70.53

404

78.60

nonresponse 49

9.53

44.55

15.96

61

11.87

55.45

29.47

110

21.40

Total 307

59.73

207

40.27

514

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by gender

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 1 13.4110 0.0003

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 13.1918 0.0003

Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 12.6199 0.0004

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 13.3849 0.0003

Phi Coefficient 0.1615

Contingency Coefficient 0.1595

Cramer's V 0.1615

Fisher's Exact Test

Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 258

Left-sided Pr <= F 0.9999

Right-sided Pr >= F 2.111E-04

Table Probability (P) 1.201E-04

Two-sided Pr <= P 2.944E-04

Sample Size = 514
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Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Employment

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The NPAR1WAY Procedure

Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable employ

Classified by Variable sample

sample N Sum of

Scores

Expected

Under H0

Std Dev

Under H0

Mean

Score

nonresponse 110 28350.50 28160.0 1144.58158 257.731818

main 401 102465.50 102656.0 1144.58158 255.524938

Average scores were used for ties.

Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test

Statistic 28350.5000

Normal Approximation

Z 0.1660

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.4341

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8682

t Approximation

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.4341

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8682

Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Chi-Square 0.0277

DF 1

Pr > Chi-Square 0.8678
8
9

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Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Employment

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The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of sample by employ

sample employ

employed unemployed Total

main 255

49.90

63.59

78.70

146

28.57

36.41

78.07

401

78.47

nonresponse 69

13.50

62.73

21.30

41

8.02

37.27

21.93

110

21.53

Total 324

63.41

187

36.59

511

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by employ

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 1 0.0278 0.8677

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 0.0277 0.8678

Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 0.0030 0.9562

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 0.0277 0.8678

Phi Coefficient 0.0074

Contingency Coefficient 0.0074

Cramer's V 0.0074

Fisher's Exact Test

Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 255

Left-sided Pr <= F 0.6116

Right-sided Pr >= F 0.4759

Table Probability (P) 0.0874

Two-sided Pr <= P 0.9112

Sample Size = 511
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Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Hispanic/Latino

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The NPAR1WAY Procedure

Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable hisp

Classified by Variable sample

sample N Sum of

Scores

Expected

Under H0

Std Dev

Under H0

Mean

Score

nonresponse 108 27162.0 27270.0 513.979864 251.500000

main 396 100098.0 99990.0 513.979864 252.772727

Average scores were used for ties.

Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test

Statistic 27162.0000

Normal Approximation

Z -0.2092

One-Sided Pr < Z 0.4172

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8343

t Approximation

One-Sided Pr < Z 0.4172

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8344

Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Chi-Square 0.0442

DF 1

Pr > Chi-Square 0.8336
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Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Hispanic/Latino

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The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of sample by hisp

sample hisp

hispanic nothispanic Total

main 20

3.97

5.05

76.92

376

74.60

94.95

78.66

396

78.57

nonresponse 6

1.19

5.56

23.08

102

20.24

94.44

21.34

108

21.43

Total 26

5.16

478

94.84

504

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by hisp

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 1 0.0442 0.8334

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 0.0435 0.8348

Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 0.0000 1.0000

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 0.0442 0.8336

Phi Coefficient -0.0094

Contingency Coefficient 0.0094

Cramer's V -0.0094

Fisher's Exact Test

Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 20

Left-sided Pr <= F 0.4968

Right-sided Pr >= F 0.6873

Table Probability (P) 0.1841

Two-sided Pr <= P 0.8080

Sample Size = 504
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Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Education

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The NPAR1WAY Procedure

Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable education

Classified by Variable sample

sample N Sum of

Scores

Expected

Under H0

Std Dev

Under H0

Mean

Score

nonresponse 111 27147.50 28471.50 1349.90203 244.572072

main 401 104180.50 102856.50 1349.90203 259.801746

Average scores were used for ties.

Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test

Statistic 27147.5000

Normal Approximation

Z -0.9804

One-Sided Pr < Z 0.1634

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.3269

t Approximation

One-Sided Pr < Z 0.1637

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.3273

Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Chi-Square 0.9620

DF 1

Pr > Chi-Square 0.3267
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Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Education

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The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of sample by education

sample education

1 2 3 4 5 6 9 Total

main 17

3.32

4.24

77.27

63

12.30

15.71

67.74

41

8.01

10.22

89.13

96

18.75

23.94

83.48

91

17.77

22.69

75.21

93

18.16

23.19

81.58

0

0.00

0.00

0.00

401

78.32

nonresponse 5

0.98

4.50

22.73

30

5.86

27.03

32.26

5

0.98

4.50

10.87

19

3.71

17.12

16.52

30

5.86

27.03

24.79

21

4.10

18.92

18.42

1

0.20

0.90

100.00

111

21.68

Total 22

4.30

93

18.16

46

8.98

115

22.46

121

23.63

114

22.27

1

0.20

512

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by education

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 6 16.1274 0.0131

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 6 15.6613 0.0157

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 1.1119 0.2917

Phi Coefficient 0.1775

Contingency Coefficient 0.1747

Cramer's V 0.1775

WARNING: 21% of the cells have expected counts less

than 5. Chi-Square may not be a valid test.

Sample Size = 512
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Northeast Region – Fisher’s Exact Test for Education

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The SAS System 11:53 Friday, July 6, 2012 40

The FREQ Procedure

Table of sample by education

sample education

Frequency |

Percent |

Row Pct |

Col Pct | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 9| Total

------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

main | 17 | 63 | 41 | 96 | 91 | 93 | 0 | 401

| 3.32 | 12.30 | 8.01 | 18.75 | 17.77 | 18.16 | 0.00 | 78.32

| 4.24 | 15.71 | 10.22 | 23.94 | 22.69 | 23.19 | 0.00 |

| 77.27 | 67.74 | 89.13 | 83.48 | 75.21 | 81.58 | 0.00 |

------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

nonresponse | 5 | 30 | 5 | 19 | 30 | 21 | 1 | 111

| 0.98 | 5.86 | 0.98 | 3.71 | 5.86 | 4.10 | 0.20 | 21.68

| 4.50 | 27.03 | 4.50 | 17.12 | 27.03 | 18.92 | 0.90 |

| 22.73 | 32.26 | 10.87 | 16.52 | 24.79 | 18.42 | 100.00 |

------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

Total 22 93 46 115 121 114 1 512

4.30 18.16 8.98 22.46 23.63 22.27 0.20 100.00
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Statistics for Table of sample by education

Statistic DF Value Prob

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Chi-Square 6 16.1274 0.0131

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 6 15.6613 0.0157

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 1.1119 0.2917

Phi Coefficient 0.1775

Contingency Coefficient 0.1747

Cramer's V 0.1775

WARNING: 21% of the cells have expected counts less

than 5. Chi-Square may not be a valid test.

Fisher's Exact Test

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Table Probability (P) 2.435E-08

Pr <= P 0.0147

Sample Size = 512
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Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems

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The NPAR1WAY Procedure

Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable aquatic

Classified by Variable sample

sample N Sum of

Scores

Expected

Under H0

Std Dev

Under H0

Mean

Score

nonresponse 104 25913.0 26468.0 1259.84835 249.163462

main 404 103373.0 102818.0 1259.84835 255.873762

Average scores were used for ties.

Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test

Statistic 25913.0000

Normal Approximation

Z -0.4401

One-Sided Pr < Z 0.3299

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6598

t Approximation

One-Sided Pr < Z 0.3300

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6600

Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Chi-Square 0.1941

DF 1

Pr > Chi-Square 0.6596
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Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems

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The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of sample by aquatic

sample aquatic

1 2 3 4 5 Total

main 7

1.38

1.73

77.78

30

5.91

7.43

75.00

80

15.75

19.80

80.81

111

21.85

27.48

78.72

176

34.65

43.56

80.37

404

79.53

nonresponse 2

0.39

1.92

22.22

10

1.97

9.62

25.00

19

3.74

18.27

19.19

30

5.91

28.85

21.28

43

8.46

41.35

19.63

104

20.47

Total 9

1.77

40

7.87

99

19.49

141

27.76

219

43.11

508

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by aquatic

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 4 0.7707 0.9423

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 4 0.7477 0.9453

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 0.2384 0.6254

Phi Coefficient 0.0389

Contingency Coefficient 0.0389

Cramer's V 0.0389

Sample Size = 508
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Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Income less than 60k

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The NPAR1WAY Procedure

Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable income_lt60k

Classified by Variable sample

sample N Sum of

Scores

Expected

Under H0

Std Dev

Under H0

Mean

Score

nonresponse 98 23997.0 22785.0 1017.18815 244.867347

main 366 83883.0 85095.0 1017.18815 229.188525

Average scores were used for ties.

Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test

Statistic 23997.0000

Normal Approximation

Z 1.1910

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.1168

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.2336

t Approximation

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.1171

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.2343

Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Chi-Square 1.4197

DF 1

Pr > Chi-Square 0.2334
22
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Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Income less than 60k

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The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of sample by income_lt60k

sample income_lt60k

0 1 Total

main 204

43.97

55.74

80.95

162

34.91

44.26

76.42

366

78.88

nonresponse 48

10.34

48.98

19.05

50

10.78

51.02

23.58

98

21.12

Total 252

54.31

212

45.69

464

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by income_lt60k

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 1 1.4228 0.2329

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 1.4186 0.2336

Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 1.1635 0.2807

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 1.4197 0.2334

Phi Coefficient 0.0554

Contingency Coefficient 0.0553

Cramer's V 0.0554

Fisher's Exact Test

Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 204

Left-sided Pr <= F 0.9042

Right-sided Pr >= F 0.1404

Table Probability (P) 0.0447

Two-sided Pr <= P 0.2544

Sample Size = 464
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Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Race (minority)

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The NPAR1WAY Procedure

Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable race_minor

Classified by Variable sample

sample N Sum of

Scores

Expected

Under H0

Std Dev

Under H0

Mean

Score

nonresponse 105 26138.50 25935.0 822.832963 248.938095

main 388 95632.50 95836.0 822.832963 246.475515

Average scores were used for ties.

Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test

Statistic 26138.5000

Normal Approximation

Z 0.2467

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.4026

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8051

t Approximation

One-Sided Pr > Z 0.4026

Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8052

Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Chi-Square 0.0612

DF 1

Pr > Chi-Square 0.8047
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Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Race (minority)

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The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of sample by race_minor

sample race_minor

minor white Total

main 63

12.78

16.24

79.75

325

65.92

83.76

78.50

388

78.70

nonresponse 16

3.25

15.24

20.25

89

18.05

84.76

21.50

105

21.30

Total 79

16.02

414

83.98

493

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by race_minor

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 1 0.0613 0.8045

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 0.0619 0.8035

Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 0.0095 0.9222

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 0.0612 0.8047

Phi Coefficient 0.0111

Contingency Coefficient 0.0111

Cramer's V 0.0111

Fisher's Exact Test

Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 63

Left-sided Pr <= F 0.6482

Right-sided Pr >= F 0.4689

Table Probability (P) 0.1171

Two-sided Pr <= P 0.8815

Sample Size = 493