1 

## Stout, Alan

From: Stout, Alan Sent: Wednesday, November 19, 2014 2:07 PM To: 'gambrozaitis@autoalliance.org'; 'scarter@arb.ca.go v'; 'tunick@vsci.net'; 'jrege@globalautomakers.org' Cc: Olechiw, Michael; Antonio Fernandez; Chris Laroo Subject: RE: Tier 3 Amendments Attachments: T3 amendments 11 19 2014.doc



### Giedrius, Julia, Lance, and Sarah, The attached file has updated draft regulatory lang uage for the amendments in our upcoming direct fina l rule that relate to the Tier 3 standards. This includes a considera ble set of things that have been added since the ve rsion I sent around in July. Redline versions don’t work so well for h ighlighting changes where we are already using trac ked changes to show what we are amending. Let me know if you woul d like help in focusing on the things that have cha nged from the July version. I could pass along some cites for th ings we have added, but that is probably not compre hensive. We are on the verge of wrapping up the whole exercise, so on last look at the whole collection is also not a bad idea.

We may be in a position to send this up for signatu re as early as Nov. 26, so any feedback on this dra ft would be best received by Nov. 25. Our expectation is that we ha ve no remaining issues, but feel free to share if y ou see anything that needs further attention.

Alan

From: Stout, Alan Sent: Monday, July 07, 2014 4:15 PM To: jrege@globalautomakers.org; gambrozaitis@autoallia nce.org; scarter@arb.ca.gov; tunick@vsci.net Cc: Olechiw, Michael; Antonio Fernandez Subject: Tier 3 Amendments

Giedrius, Julia, Lance, and Sarah, The attached file has draft regulatory language to make a variety of corrections and clarifications to the Tier 3 program. We believe all these items align with the program as adopted -- we are not aiming to accompl ish any change in policy or revisit our conclusions on any issue. We have had interactions with industry folks on so me of these items, but this is a full set of edits we have com e up with for the whole vehicle program.

The goal is to publish these changes in a direct fi nal rule by the end of the year. This means that i t is essential for us to have agreement beforehand that none of the individu al elements are objectionable to any prospective commenter. Toward that end, we would appreciate yo ur help in facilitating a wide-ranging review of th is material before we reach publication.

Our timeline will likely involve submitting the fin al documents for internal review at the end of Augu st. If we could arrange for this round of review to be completed with any comments reaching u s by August 5, we will be well positioned to keep our schedule. We hope that this represents a full set of corrections, but if this round of re view leads us to expand the list of necessary changes, we will do ou r best to address those issues as well.

Thanks in advance for your help in coordinating the se changes. Let us know if you have any questions along the way.

Alan

_________________2 

### Alan Stout U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality 2000 Traverwood Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 734-214-4805 734-214-4816 (fax) stout.alan@epa.gov www.epa.gov/otaq/Page 1 of 36

PART 85— CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURC ES 1001. The authority citation for part 85 continues to rea d as follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart V—[Amended]

§ 85.2108—[Removed] 1002. Remove § 85.2108.

PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE H IGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES 1003. The authority citation for part 86 continues to rea d as follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A—[Amended]

1004. Section 86.095-35 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(4) and removing and reserving paragraph (g) to read as follows: §86.095-35 Labeling. (a) * * * (4) Heavy-duty vehicles employing a fuel or fuels cover ed by evaporative emission standards. This paragraph (a)(4) applies for vehicles subject to evaporative emission standards under this subpart, as described in §86.016-1(a)(4). See 40 CF R part 1037 for provisions that apply in later model years. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment. If such vehicles do not have an engine compartment, the label required in this paragraph s (a)(4) and (g)(1) of this section shall be affixed in a readily available position on the operator's enclosure or on the engine. (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manu facturer who has been issued the Certificate of Conformity for such vehicle, in such a manner th at it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the label. The label shall n ot be affixed to any equipment which is easily detached from such vehicle. (iii) The label shall contain the following informa tion lettered in the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a col or that contrasts with the background of the label: (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Inf ormation; (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufactur er; (C) Evaporative family identification; (D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gall ons) , as specified in 40 CFR 1037.135; and for which the evaporative control system is cer tified (this requirement does not apply to vehicles whose evaporative control sys tem efficiency is not dependent on fuel tank capacity); and (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with t he appropriate model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which a pply to XXX-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.Page 2 of 36

(F) Vehicles granted final admission under §85.1505 of this chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in §85.1510 of this chapter. * * * * * (g) [Reserved] * * * * *

1005. Section 86.007-30 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(4)(iii)(C) and (a)(4)(iv)(C) to read as follows: §86.007-30 Certification. (a) * * * (4) * * * (iii)* * * (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving writte n notice from EPA or a State or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the high-altitude requirements to an ultima te purchaser residing in a designated highaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section that a dealer may have improperly sold or d elivered a significant number of such vehicles to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the d ealer in writing of the requirements of these regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the de aler that sale by the dealer of vehicles not configured to meet high-altitude requirements may b e contrary to the terms of its franchise agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2 108 of this chapter

. (iv) * * * (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving writte n notice from EPA or a state or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the low-altitude requirements to an ultimat e purchaser residing in a designated lowaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iv) of this section that a dealer may have improperly sold or d elivered a significant number of such vehicles to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the d ealer in writing of the requirements of these regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the de aler that sale by the dealer of vehicles not configured to meet low-altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2 108 of this chapter

. * * * * *

1006. Section 86.007-35 is revised to read as follows: §86.007-35 Labeling. Section 86.007-35 includes text that specifies requ irements that differ from §86.095-35. Where a paragraph in §86.095-35 is identical and applicable to §86.007-35, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the stat ement “[Reserved]. For guidance see §86.095-35.”. (a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) subject to the applicable emission standards (and family emission limits, as appropriate) of this subpart, shall, at the time of manufacture, affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in the manner described below, containing the information hereinafter provided, to all production models of such vehicles (orPage 3 of 36

engines) available for sale to the public and cover ed by a Certificate of Conformity under §86.007-30(a). (a)(1)-(2) [Reserved] (a)(3) heading through (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.095-35. (c) Vehicles powered by model year 2007 through 201 3 diesel-fueled engines must include permanent, readily visible labels on the dashboard (or instrument panel) and near all fuel inlets that state “Use Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Only”; or “Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Only”. (d) through (g) [Reserved] (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.095-35. (f) [Reserved] (g)- (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.095-35. (i) [Reserved] (j) The Administrator may approve in advance other label content and formats provided the alternative label contains information consistent w ith this section.

Subpart B—[Amended]

1007. Section 86.101 is amended by revising paragraphs (b )(1) and (b)(3) to read as follows: § 86.101 General applicability. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineeri ng judgement, elements of both. For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the ma nufacturer's selected procedures for determining road load parameters and applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria (either § 86.115-78 or 40 CFR 1066.425(c)) . For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using either of the specified procedures. As allowed und er this part, manufacturers may use carryover data from previous model years to demonstrate compl iance with emission standards, without regard to the provisions of this section. * * * * * (3) For model years 2022 and later, manufacturers m ust use the test procedures specified in paragraph (d) of this section. Manufacturers may continue to use data based on the test procedures specified in paragraph (c) of this secti on for an engine family in 2022 and later model years, as long as the engine family is eligible for certification with carryover emission data. * * * * *

1008. Section 86.113-04 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows: § 86.113-04 Fuel specifications. * * * * * (a) * * * (1) Gasoline meeting the following specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, must be used for exh aust and evaporative emission testing:Page 4 of 36

Table 1 of § 86.113-04–Test fuel specifications for gasoline without ethanol
Item Regular Reference Procedure 1 Research octane, Minimum 2 93 ASTM D2699 ASTM D2700 Octane sensitivity 2 7.5 ASTM D2699 ASTM D2700 Distillation Range (°F): Evaporated initial boiling point 3 10% evaporated 50% evaporated 90% evaporated Evaporated final boiling point 75 – 95 120 - 135 200 - 230 300 - 325 415 Maximum ASTM D86

Hydrocarbon composition (vol %): Olefins Aromatics Saturates 10% Maximum 35% Maximum Remainder ASTM D1319

Lead, g/gallon (g/liter), Maximum 0.050 (0.013) ASTM D3237
Phosphorous, g/gallon (g/liter), Maximum 0.005 (0.0013) ASTM D3231
Total sulfur, wt. % 4 0.0015 – 0.008 ASTM D2622 Dry Vapor Pressure Equivalent ( DVPE ), kPa (psi) 5 8.7-9.2 ( 60.0- 63.4 ) (8.7-9.2) ASTM D5191

1 ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 86.1.

2 Octane specifications are optional for manufacturer test ing.

3 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4000 feet), the spec ified range is 75-105° F.

4 Sulfur concentration will not exceed 0.0045 weight percent for EPA testing.

5 For testing unrelated to evaporative emission control, the sp ecified range is 54.8-63.7 kPa ( 8.0-9.2 psi ) (55.2-63.4 kPa) . For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4000 feet), the specified range is 52.0-55.4 kPa ( 7.6-8.0 psi ) (52.4-55.2 kPa) . Calculate dry vapor pressure equivalent, DVPE , based on the measured total vapor pressure, p T , using the following equation: DVPE (kPa) = 0.956

· p T - 2.39 (or DVPE

(psi) = 0.956

· p T – 0.347 ) (or DVPE (kPa) = 0.956

·

p T - 2.39 )

. DVPE is intended to be equivalent to Reid Vapor Pressure using a differe nt test method. * * * * *

Subpart C—[Amended]

1009. Section 86.201 is revised to read as follows: § 86.201 General applicability. (a) Vehicles are subject to cold temperature testin g requirements as described in subpart S of this part and 40 CFR part 600. Perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710. (b) Migration to 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066. This subp art transitions to rely on the test procedure specifications in 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1 066 as follows: (1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both. For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA wil l use the manufacturer's selectedPage 5 of 36

procedures for applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria. For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using either of the specified p rocedures. As allowed under this part, manufacturers may use carryover data from previous model years to demonstrate compliance with emission standards, without regard to the prov isions of this section. (2) For vehicles certified before model year 2022 t o any of the Tier 3 emission standards specified in subpart S of this part, manufacturers must determine overall driver accuracy based on driven cycle energy as described in 40 CFR 1066.425(j). (c) Interim procedures. Through model year 2021, m anufacturers may certify vehicles based on data collected according to previously published co ld temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures. (d) Long-term procedures. Starting in model year 2 022, perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as descri bed in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710. We may approve the use of previou sly published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures for lat er model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). Perform intermediate temperature testing as follows : (1) For testing during ambient temperatures of less than 50 °F (10 °C), perform testing as described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart H. (2) For testing at temperatures of 50 °F (10 °C) or higher, perform FTP testing as described in 40 CFR part 1066. (c) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may cert ify vehicles based on data collected according to previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures. In addition, we may approve the use of previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures for lat er model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). ( de ) Section 86.213 describes special provisions relat ed to test fuel specifications. * * * * *

1010. Section 86.213 is amended by revising Table 1 in pa ragraph (a)(2) to read as follows: § 86.213 Fuel specifications. * * * * *Page 6 of 36

Table 1 of § 86.213–Cold temperature test fuel spec ifications for gasoline without ethanol Item Regular Premium Reference Procedure 1 (RON+MON)/2 2 87.8±0.3 92.3±0.5 ASTM D2699 ASTM D2700 Sensitivity 3 7.5 7.5 ASTM D2699 ASTM D2700 Distillation Range (°F): Evaporated initial boiling point 10% evaporated 50% evaporated 90% evaporated Evaporated final boiling point 76 – 96 98 - 118 179 - 214 316 - 346 413 Maximum 76 – 96

105 - 125 195 - 225 316 - 346 413 Maximum ASTM D86

Hydrocarbon composition (vol %): Olefins Aromatics Saturates 12.5± 5.00.5 26.4±4.0 Remainder 10.5± 5.00.5

32.0±4.0 Remainder ASTM D1319

Lead, g/gallon 0.01, Maximum 0.01,

Maximum ASTM D3237
Phosphorous, g/gallon 0.005 Maximum 0.005

Maximum ASTM D3231
Total sulfur, wt. % 3 0.0015 – 0.008 0.0015 – 0.008 ASTM D2622 RVP, psi 11.5±0.3 11.5±0.3 ASTM D5191

1 ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 86.1.

2 Octane specifications are optional for manufacturer test ing. The premium fuel specifications apply for vehicles designed to use high-octane premium fuel.

3 Sulfur concentration will not exceed 0.0045 weight percent for EPA testing. * * * * *

Subpart F—[Amended]

1011. Section 86.513 is amended by revising paragraph (a) (1) to read as follows: § 86.513 Fuel and engine lubricant specifications

. (a) * * * (1) Gasoline meeting the following specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, must be used for exh aust and evaporative emission testing:Page 7 of 36

Table 1 of § 86.513—Gasoline Test Fuel Specificatio ns

Item Value Procedure 1 Distillation Range: 1. Initial boiling point, °C 2. 10% point, °C 3. 50% point, °C 4. 90% point, °C 5. End point, °C 23.9—35.0 2 48.9—57.2 93.3—110.0 1 148.9—162.8 212.8 maximum ASTM D86

Hydrocarbon composition: 1. Olefins, volume % 2. Aromatics, volume % 3. Saturates 10 maximum 35 maximum Remainder ASTM D1319

Lead (organic), g/liter 0.013 maximum ASTM D3237 Phosphorous, g/liter 0.0013 maximum ASTM D3231 Sulfur, weight % 0.008 maximum ASTM D2622 Dry Vapor Pressure Equivalent ( DVPE) , kPa 55.2 to 63.4 3 ASTM D5191

1 ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 86.1.

2 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m, the specified initial boi ling point range is (23.9 to 40.6) °C.

3 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m, the specified volatilit y range is 52 to 55 kPa. Calculate dry vapor pressure equivalent, DVPE , based on the measured total vapor pressure, p T , using the following equation: DVPE (kPa) = 0.956

· p T - 2.39 (or DVPE (psi) = 0.956

·

p T – 0.347)

. DVPE

is intended to be equivalent to Reid Vapor Pressure using a different test met hod. * * * * *

§ 86.513-2004 – [Removed] 1012. Remove § 86.513-2004.

§ 86.529-98 – [Amended] 1013. Section 86.529-98 is amended in Figure F98-9 by rep lacing the first-column entry for “565-665” with “656-665”.

Subpart S—General Compliance Provisions for Control of Air Pollution From New and InUse Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty Vehicles 1014. The heading for subpart S is revised as set forth a bove.

1015. Section 86.1801-12 is amended as follows: a. By revising paragraph (a)(2)(ii). b. By adding paragraph (a)(2)(iii). c. By revising paragraph (a)(3) introductory text. d. By removing paragraph (a)(4). e. By redesignating paragraph (a)(5) as paragraph ( a)(4). § 86.1801-12 Applicability.Page 8 of 36

* * * * * (a) * * * (2) * * * (ii) Greenhouse gas emission standards apply as spe cified in 40 CFR part s 1036 and 1037 instead of the standards specified in this subpart. (iii) The provisions of this subpart are optional f or diesel-fueled Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles in a given model year if those vehicles are equippe d with engines certified to the appropriate standards in § 86.007-11 for which less than half o f the engine family’s sales for the model year in the United States are for complete Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles. This includes engines sold to all vehicle manufacturers. If you are the original manufacturer of the engine and the vehicle, base this showing on your sales informatio n. If you manufacture the vehicle but are not the original manufacturer of the engine, you mu st use your best estimate of the original manufacturer's sales information. (3) The provisions of this subpart generally do not apply to incomplete heavy-duty vehicles or to complete vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR (see sub part A of this part and 40 CFR part s 1036 and 1037). However, this subpart applies to such vehic les in the following cases: * * * * *

1016. Section 86.1803-01 is amended by revising the defin ition of “Averaging set” to read as follows: §86.1803-01 Definitions. * * * * * Averaging set

means a category or subcategory of complete heavy-duty vehicles within which test groups can average and trade emission cr edits with one another. * * * * *

1017. Section 86.1805-17 is amended by revising paragraph s (a) and (c) to read as follows: § 86.1805-17 Useful life. (a) General provisions. The useful life values spec ified in this section apply for all exhaust, evaporative, refueling, and OBD emission requiremen ts described in this subpart, except for standards that are specified to apply only at certi fication. These useful life requirements also apply to all air conditioning leakage credits, air conditioning efficiency credits, and other credit programs used by the manufacturer to comply with th e fleet-average CO 2 emission standards in § 86.1818. Useful life values are specified as a giv en number of calendar years or and miles of driving, whichever comes first. (b) Greenhouse gas pollutants. The emission standa rds in § 86.1818 apply for a useful life of 10 years or 120,000 miles for LDV and LLDT and 11 year s or 120,000 miles for HLDT and HDVMDPV . Manufacturers may alternatively certify based on a longer useful life as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. (c) Cold temperature emission standards. The cold t emperature NMHC emission standards in § 86.1811 apply for a useful life of 10 years or 120, 000 miles for LDV and LLDTvehicles at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR , and 11 years or 120,000 miles for HLDT and HDVvehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR . The cold temperature CO emission standards in § 86.1811 apply for a useful life of 5 years or 50,000 miles. * * * * * Commented [SA1]: Copied from (a)(4).Page 9 of 36

1018. Section 86.1806-17 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(8) to read as follows: § 86.1806-17 Onboard diagnostics. * * * * * (a) * * * (8) Apply thresholds for exhaust emission malfuncti ons from Tier 3 vehicles based on the thresholds calculated for the corresponding bin sta ndards in the California LEV II program as prescribed for the latest model year in 13 CCR 1968.2(e) and (f)(1) through (3) . For example, for Tier 3 Bin 160 standards, apply the threshold t hat applies for the LEV standards. For cases involving Tier 3 standards that have no correspondi ng bin standards from the California LEV II program, use the next highest LEV II bin. For exam ple, for Tier 3 Bin 50 standards, apply the threshold that applies for the ULEV standards. You may apply thresholds that are more stringent than we require under this paragraph (a)(8). * * * * *

1019. Section 86.1810-01 is amended by revising paragraph (o) and removing paragraph (p) to read as follows: § 86.1810-01 General standards; increase in emiss ions; unsafe condition; waivers. * * * * * (o) NMOG measurement determination procedures . Measure NMOG emissions or determine NMOG emissions based on NMHC measurements using the procedures described in 40 CFR 10661065 .635. (p) For Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 vehicles fueled b y gasoline, diesel, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or hydrogen, manufacturers may instead measure NMHC and multiply the result non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in lieu of NMOG. Manufacturers must multiply NMHC measurements from gasoline vehicles by an adjustment factor of 1.04 before comparing with the NMOG standard to determine compl iance with that standard. For vehicles fuel by natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydro gen manufacturers must propose an adjustment factor to adjust NMHC results to properl y represent NMOG results. Such factors must be based upon comparative testing of NMOG and NMHC emissions and be approved in advance by the Administrator.

1020. Section 86.1810-17 is amended by revising paragraph (h)(1) to read as follows: § 86.1810-17 General requirements. * * * * * (h) * * * (1) For criteria exhaust emissions, we may identify the worst-case f uel blend for testing in addition to what is required for gasoline-fueled ve hicles. The worst-case fuel blend may be the fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.725, or it may consis t of a combination of the fuels specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) and 1065.725. We may waive testing with the worst-case blended fuel for US06 and/or SC03 duty cycles; if we waive only SC03 testing, substitute the SC03 emission result using the standard test fuel for gasoline-fu eled vehicles to calculate composite SFTP emissions. * * * * *

1021. Section 86.1811-04 is amended by revising paragraph (j) to read as follows:Page 10 of 36

§ 86.1811-04 – Emission standards for light-duty ve hicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles. * * * * * (j) Highway NO X exhaust emission standard. The NOx emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, must not be greater than 1.33 times the applicable FTP NOx standard to which the manufacturer certifies the te st group. Both the measured emissions and the product of the NOx standard and 1.33 must be rounded to the nearest 0.01 g/mi before being compared. * * * * *

1022. Section 86.1811-17 is amended by revising paragraph s (a), (b)(2), (b)(8), (b)(9) introductory text, (b)(10), (b)(11), and (c) to rea d as follows: § 86.1811-17 Exhaust emission standards for light -duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles. (a) Applicability and general provisions. This sect ion describes exhaust emission standards that apply for model year 2017 and later light-duty vehi cles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. MDPVs are subject to all the s ame emission standards and certification provisions of this section that apply to LDT4. Some of the provisions of this section also apply to heavy-duty vehicles as specified in § 86.1816. See § 86.1818 for greenhouse gas emission standards. See § 86.1813 for evaporative and refue ling emission standards. This section may apply to vehicles from model years earlier than 201 7 as specified in paragraph (b)(11) of this section. (b) * * * (2) Table 1 of this section describes fully phased- in Tier 3 standards that apply as specified in this paragraph (b) for the identified driving sched ules. The FTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply on a fleet-average basis using discrete bin s tandards as described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. The bin standards include additional emission standards for high-altitude testing and for CO emissions when testing over the FTP driv ing schedule. The SFTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply on a fleet-average basis as describe d in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of § 86.1811-17–Fully Phased-in Tier 3 Exha ust Emission Standards (g/mile) NMOG+NOx PM CO Formaldehyde FTP 1 SFTP FTP US06 SFTP FTP 0.030 0.050 0.003 0.006 4.2 0.004

1 The fleet-average FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx is 0.026 g/mile for any LDV or and LDT1 test group s certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years i n a given model year. * * * * * (8) The following provisions describe the primary a pproach for phasing in the Tier 3 standards other than PM in 2025 and earlier model y ears: (i) FTP phase-in. The fleet-average FTP emission s tandard for NMOG+NOx phases in over several years as described in this paragraph ( b)(8)(i). You must identify FELs as described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section and c alculate a fleet-average emission level to show that you meet the FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx that applies for eachPage 11 of 36

model year. For model year 2017, do not include ve hicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. Through model year 2019, you may also certify to tr ansitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 standards, which consist of all-altitude FTP emissi on standards for NMOG+NOx of 0.085 or 0.110 g/mile, respectively; additional FT P standards for PM, CO, and formaldehyde apply as specified in this section for vehicles certified to Bin 125 standards. Fleet-average FTP emission standards d ecrease through the phase-in period as shown in the following table:

Table 3 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tie r 3 FTP Emission Standards for NMOG+NOx (g/mile) Model Year LDV, LDT1 —150,000

mile useful life 1 LDV, LDT1—120,000 mile useful life 1 LDT2, HLDT

2017 2 0.086 0.073 0.101 2018 0.079 0.067 0.092 2019 0.072 0.061 0.083 2020 0.065 0.055 0.074 2021 0.058 0.049 0.065 2022 0.051 0.043 0.056 2023 0.044 0.037 0.047 2024 0.037 0.031 0.038 2025 0.030 0.026 0.030

1 Vehicles certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles may comply based on the fleet-average standard specified for 150,000 mile useful li fe in certain circumstances as specified in paragraph (b)(8)(iii)(A) of this section. Calculate th e adjusted fleet-average standard for LDV and LDT1 test groups certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years in a given model year by multiplying the specified value by 0.85 and rounding to the nearest 0.001 g/mile. Through model year 2019, apply this adjustment only if one or more test groups is certified to Bin 70 or lower standards based on a useful lif e of 120,000 miles or 10 years.

2 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR HLDT and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 standards starting with model year 2018.

(ii) SFTP phase-in. The fleet-average SFTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx phases in over several years as described in this paragrap h (b)(8)(ii). You must identify FELs as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section and c alculate a fleet-average emission level to show that you meet the SFTP emission standard fo r NMOG+NOx that applies for each model year. (A) Calculate the fleet-average emission level toge ther for all your light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, except for those certified u sing the provisions of paragraph (b)(8)(ii)(C) of this section. For model year 2017 , do not include vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR (in the numerator or denominator)

. (B) Fleet-average S FTP emission standards decrease through the phase-i n period as shown in the following table:Page 12 of 36 Table 4 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tie r 3 SFTP Emission Standards
Model Year NMOG+NOx

(g/mile) 2017 1 0.103 2018 0.097 2019 0.090 2020 0.083 2021 0.077 2022 0.070 2023 0.063 2024 0.057 2025 0.050

1 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR HLDT and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 standards starting with model year 2018.

(C) You may use the SFTP stand-alone option Option 1 provisions specified in 13 CCR 1961.2 (a)(7)(A)1 of the LEV III program to demonstrate compliance with EPA’s SFTP standards. Do not include any such test groups when demonstrating compliance with the phased-in fleet-average SFTP st andards specified in this paragraph (b)(8)(ii). Note that this option is not available for vehicles certified to the transitional bins described in paragraph (b)(8)(i) of this section. (iii) Interim provisions. (A) For vehicles LDT2 and HLDT certified to bins higher than Bin 70 under this section through model year 2019, the Tier 2 useful life period applies as specified in § 86.1805-12 for all criter ia pollutants other than PM. A similar provisions applies for LDV and LDT1, as des cribed in Table 3 of this section. However, LDV and LDT1 test groups certified to bin standards above Bin 70 through model year 2019 may be included in the same averagi ng set with vehicles meeting standards over a 150,000 mile useful life, notwiths tanding the provisions of §86.1861-17(b)(1)(iii). Any such vehicles you incl ude in the averaging set for 150,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fl eet-average NMOG+NOx standard specified for 150,000 mile useful life; similarly, any such vehicles you include in the averaging set for 120,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fleet-average NMOG+NOx standard specified for 120,000 mile useful life. (B) You may use the E0 test fuel specified in § 86. 113 through model year 2019 for gasoline-fueled vehicles certified to bins higher t han Bin 70. You may not certify these vehicles using carryover data after model yea r 2019. (C) Vehicles must continue to comply with the Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1) if they are certified to transitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 sta ndards, or if they are certified based on a fuel without ethanol, or if they are not certi fied to the Tier 3 PM standard. (iv) You may use the alternative phase-in provision s described in paragraph (b)(9) of this section to transition to the Tier 3 exhaust emissio n standards on a different schedule. (9) This paragraph (b)(9) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission standards for vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. If you choose this approach, you must phase in the Tier 3 standards for all your vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that are subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase-in, you must meet the fully phased-in standards specified in thi s paragraph (b) with 40, 70, and 100Page 13 of 36

percent of your projected nationwide sales of all v ehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that are subject to this section in model years 2019 thr ough 2021, respectively. Any vehicles not subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in per iod must continue to comply with the Tier 2 standards in § 86.1811-04(c) and (f), including t he Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1). Vehicles subject to Tier 2 standards under this paragraph (b )(9) are subject to the useful life provisions in § 86.1805-12 relative to exhaust emission standa rds. Each vehicle counting toward the phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(9) mus t meet all the standards that apply throughout the useful life as specified in § 86.180 5-17, and must use the Tier 3 test fuel specified in § 86.113- 1507 . The following exceptions and special provisions apply under this paragraph (b)(9): * * * * * (10) You may not use credits generated from Tier 2 vehicles for demonstrating compliance with the Tier 3 standards except as specified in th is paragraph (b)(10). You may generate early credits with U.S. sales of Tier 2 vehicles in the two model years before the Tier 3 standards start to apply for a given vehicle model. Vehicles certified to the Tier 2 standards must meet all the Tier 2 requirements in § 86.1811- 10, including the fleet-average Tier 2 standards. Calculate early Tier 3 emission credits as described in § 86.1861 by subtracting the appropriate Tier 2 fleet-average value for FTP emissions of NMOG+NOx from 0.160 g/mile. Calculate your fleet-average value for the model year based on vehicles at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR in 2015, on all sizes of vehicles in 2016, and on vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR in 2017. You may use these early credi ts as described in § 86.1861 for demonstrating compliance with the FTP emission stan dard for NMOG+NOx starting in model year 2017. You may use these early credits interchangeably for vehicles certified based on a useful life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. For model years 2018 and later,
you may use any remaining these early credits for banking or trading subject to a l imitation based on credits generated in California, as follow s: (i) For the applicable model years in which you gen erate emission credits relative to California’s LEV III fleet-average NMOG+NOx standar d, determine the actual California sales of light-duty vehicles and light-d uty trucks and the actual nationwide sales of those same vehicles. (Note: If you have a credit deficit in a given mode l year for your LEV III vehicles, apply the provisions of this paragraph (b)(10)(i) based on the appropriate negative credit quantity.) In 2015, count sales only from vehicle models at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR. For each model year, mult iply the credits generated under the California program by the ratio of nationwide v ehicle sales to LEV III vehicle sales to calculate an effective nationwide quantity. Sum th ese results for model years 2015 through 2017. Note that this calculation results i n a maximum credit quantity based on vehicle sales in all states, even though the initia l credit calculation does not include vehicle sales in California or the section 177 stat es. If you comply with the LEV III standards based on pooled emission credits for Cali fornia and the section 177 states, use those pooled emission credits and corresponding sal es for calculating the maximum credit quantity under this paragraph (b)(10)(i). (ii) You may not use more early credits generated u nder this paragraph (b)(10) for banking or trading to demonstrate compliance with T ier 3 emission standards than the calculated value of the effective nationwide credit quantity summed in paragraph (b)(10)(i) of this section. If your generated cred its are greater than this threshold,Page 14 of 36

determine the ratio by which percentage of your generated early credits that exceed the threshold. Calculate an adjusted quantity of early credits generated under this paragraph (b)(10) by dividing decreasing the generated credit quantity from each model year by this ratio of generated credits relative to the calculat ed percentage that exceed the applicable threshold. This adjusted quantity of credits may b e used for banking or trading relative to the Tier 3 standards, subject to the five-year cred it life described in § 86.1861. (11) You may certify vehicles to the Tier 3 standar ds starting in model year 2015. To do this, you may either sell all your LEV III vehicle s models nationwide, or you may certify a subset of your fleet to alternate fleet-average emission s tandards as follows: (i) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission standa rds for NMOG+NOx are 0.100 g/mile in 2015 and 0.093 g/mile in 2016 for LDV and LDT1. (ii) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission stand ards for NMOG+NOx are 0.119 g/mile in 2015, 0.110 g/mile in 2016, and 0.101 g/mile in 2017 for LDT2 and HLDT. (iii) The alternate fleet-average SFTP emission sta ndards for NMOG+NOx are 0.140 in 2015 for LDV and LDT1, 0.110 in 2016 for all vehicl es, and 0.103 in 2017 for LDT2 and HLDT. (iv) The vehicles must meet FTP and SFTP standards for PM as specified in § 86.1811- 04. The PM testing provisions of § 86.1829-01(b)(1 )(iii)(B) apply for these vehicles. (v) Vehicles not certified to the Tier 3 standards in a given model year must meet all the requirements that apply for Tier 2 vehicles in that model year. (vi) For cold temperature testing and for high-alti tude testing, you may use the E0 fuel specified in § 86.113-04(a) or § 86.213 instead of the E10 test fuel specified in § 86.113- 1507

. (vii) Vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(1 1) to a bin standard at or below Bin 70 must be certified to a useful life of 150,000 miles

. (viii) The interim provisions described in paragrap h (b)(8)(iii) of this section apply for vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11), ex cept that credits generated under this paragraph (b)(11) may be used interchangeably for v ehicles certified based on a useful life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. ( ixvii ) For vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(1 1), you may generate emission credits and use those credits for demonstrating com pliance with Tier 3 standards as described in paragraph (b)(10) of this section. * * * * * (14) This subpart describes several ways that the t ransition to Final Tier 3 standards applies differently for vehicles above and below 6,000 poun ds GVWR. All these distinctions apply only for LDT. LDV as a category is defined indepen dent of GVWR, so any LDV above 6,000 pounds GVWR are subject to the same provision s that apply for LDV at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR. Where this section refers to “v ehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR”, this should be understood to include LDT above 6,00 0 pounds GVWR and MDPV (or HLDT and MDPV), and to exclude all LDV. * * * * * (c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard

. NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed the applicable FTP bin standard for NMOG+NOx. Demo nstrate compliance with this standard for low-mileage vehicles by applying the appropriat e deterioration factor. For vehicles notPage 15 of 36

certified to any Tier 3 emission standards specifie d in paragraph (b) of this section, the provisions of § 86.1811-04(j) apply instead of this paragraph (c). * * * * * (g) Cold temperature exhaust emission standards. T he following standards in this paragraph (g) apply for certification and in-use vehicles tested over the test procedures specified in subpart C of this part , for testing at both low-altitude conditions and h igh-altitude conditions .: These standards apply only to gasoline-fueled vehicles. Multi-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles must comply with requirements using gasoline only. Test ing with other fuels such as a high-level ethanol-gasoline blend, or testing on diesel vehicl es, is not required. (1) Cold temperature CO standards. These cold temperature CO standards are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles. These standards apply for testing at low-altitude c onditions and highaltitude conditions. Cold temperature CO exhaust emission standards appl y when measured using the test procedures specified in subpart C of this part, as follows: (i) For LDV and LDT1, the standard is 10.0 g/mile C O. (ii) For LDT2, LDT3 and LDT4, the standard is 12.5 grams per mile CO. (2) Cold temperature NMHC standards. The following Ff leet average cold temperature NMHC standards apply as follows: are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles, an d apply equally to certification and in-use except as otherwise specif ied in § 86.1811-10(u) for in-use standards for applicable phase-in models . Testing with other fuels such as a high-level eth anol-gasoline blend, or testing on diesel vehicles, is not required. Mul ti-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles must comply with requirements using gasoline only. * * * * *

1023. Section 86.1813-17 is amended by revising paragraph s (a)(1)(iv) and (a)(2)(i) to read as follows: § 86.1813-17 Evaporative and refueling emission s tandards. * * * * * (a) * * * (1) * * * (iv) Emissions are generally measured with a flame ionization detector (FID). In the case of rig, diurnal, hot soak, and running loss testing with E1 0 test fuel, multiply measured (unspeciated) FID values by 1.08 to account for the FID’s reduced response to ethanol. However, yY ou may instead determine total hydrocarbon equivale nt for E10 testing based on speciated measurements as described in § 86.143-96( c). You may use different methods (with or without speciation) for different test ele ments for a given test vehicle; however, Yy ou must always use the same method (with or without speciation) for all diurnal and hot soak of the specified evaporative testing for a given evaporative/refueling family

. In addition, any later testing with vehicles from that evaporative/refueling family must use the same method that was used for the original testing. Similarly, any evaporative/refueling families certified in later model years using carry over data must use the same method that was used for the original testing. We may do testi ng with or without speciation, but we will apply the 1.08 correction factor to unspeciated mea surements for any of these four categories of evaporative emissions only if you also use it to determine your final tes t results. (2) * * * (i) The emission standard for the sum of diurnal an d hot soak measurements from the Commented [SA2]: Diurnal and hot soak emissions may not exceed the Tier 3 emission standards, as follows:Page 16 of 36

two-diurnal test sequence and the three-diurnal tes t sequence is based on a fleet average in a given model year. You must specify a family e mission limit (FEL) for each evaporative family. The FEL serves as the emission standard for the evaporative family with respect to all required diurnal and hot soak t esting. Calculate your fleet-average emission level as described in § 86.1860 based on t he FEL that applies for low-altitude testing to show that you meet the specified standar d. For multi-fueled vehicles, calculate fleet-average emission levels based only on emissio n levels for testing with gasoline. You may generate emission credits for banking and t rading and you may use banked or traded credits for demonstrating compliance with th e diurnal plus hot soak emission standard for vehicles required to meet the Tier 3 s tandards, other than electric vehicles and gaseous-fueled vehicles, as described in § 86.1 861 starting in model year 2017. You comply with the emission standard for a given model year if you have enough credits to show that your fleet-average emission level is at o r below the applicable standard. You may exchange credits between or among evaporative f amilies within an averaging set as described in § 86.1861. Separate diurnal plus hot soak emission standards apply for each evaporative/refueling emission family as shown for high-altitude conditions. The sum of diurnal and hot soak measurements may not exceed th e following fleet-average Tier 3 standards:

Table 1 of § 86.1813-17—Tier 3 Diurnal Plus Hot Soa k Emission Standards (grams per test)

Vehicle category Low-altitude conditions

— fleet-average High-altitude

conditions

LDV, LDT1 0.300 0.65

LDT2 0.400 0.85

HLDT 0.500 1.15 1

HDV 0.600 1.75

1 1.25 g/test for MDPVs.

* * * * *

1024. Section 86.1816-18 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(1)(ii)(C), (b)(8) introuctory text, (b)(12)(iii), and (c) to read as follows: § 86.1816-18 Emission standards for heavy-duty ve hicles. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) * * * (ii) * * * (C) For Class 3 vehicles, the Hot LA-92 driving schedule as specified in paragraph (c ) of Appendix I of this part. * * * * * (8) This paragraph (b)(8) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission standards. If you choose this approach, you must p hase in the Tier 3 standards for all your vehicles subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase in, youPage 17 of 36

must meet all the standards specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section according to the phase-in schedule specified in Table 6 of this section based on the indicated percentage of your projected nationwide sales in each model year. These vehicle s must meet the applicable FTP emission standard for CO and the HD-SFTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx and CO that apply for Class 2b Bin 170 and Class 3 Bin 230 as described i n paragraph (b)(4) of this section. Any vehicles not subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in period must continue to comply with the gaseous exhaust emission standards in § 86.1816 -08. Each vehicle counting toward the PM phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(8) in model years 2019 and 2020 must also be included in the portion of the fleet meeting the Ti er 3 standards for pollutants other than PM. Each vehicle counting toward the phase-in percentag e for any pollutant must use the Tier 3 test fuel specified in § 86.113- 1507 . The following exceptions and special provisions apply under this paragraph (b)(8): * * * * * (12) * * * (iii) Alternate in-use FTP and HD-SFTP standards fo r NMOG+NOx apply as specified in the following table: Table 7 of § 86.1816-18—Alternate In-use NMOG+NOx S tandards (g/mile)
Class FEL Name FTP HD-SFTP 1

2b Bin 250 0.370 1.120

Bin 200 0.300 1.120 Bin 170 0.250 0.630 Bin 150 0.220 0.630

3 Bin 400 0.600 0.770

Bin 270 0.400 0.770 Bin 230 0.340 0.490 Bin 200 0.300 0.490

1 For Class 2b vehicles with a power-to-weight ratio at or below 0.024 hp/pound that are certified to optional standards under paragraphs (b)(2) a nd (4) of this section, the following alternate in-use HD-S FTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply instead of those identified in the table: 0.490 g/mile fo r Bin 150 and Bin 170; and 0.770 g/mile for Bin 200 and Bin 250. Note that vehicles certified to transitional Tier 3 FTP bins are not subject to HD-SFTP standa rds. * * * * * (c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard

. For vehicles certified to any of the Tier 3 standards specified in paragraph (b) of this sectio n, NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the highway test cycle in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed the applicable NMOG+NOx bin standard for FTP testing. Demonstrate compliance with this standard for lowmileage vehicles by applying the appropriate deteri oration factor.

1025. Section 86.1829-15 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(2), (d)(1), and (e)(9) to read as follows: § 86.1829-15 Durability and emission testing requ irements; waivers. * * * * * (b) * * * (2) Test one EDV in each test group using the FTP

, and SFTP , and HFET test procedures in 40 CFR part 1066 and the HFET test procedures of 40 CFR part 600, su bpart B, to demonstrate compliance with other exhaust emission standards. * * * * *Page 18 of 36

(d) * * * (1) For vehicles subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in §§ 86.1811, a manufacturer may provide a statement in the application for certific ation that vehicles comply with applicable PM standards instead of submitting PM test data for a certain number of vehicles. However, each manufacturer must test vehicles from a minimum number of durability data groups as follows: (i) Manufacturers with a single durability data group subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for that grou p. (ii) Manufacturers with two to eight durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least two durability data groups each model year. EPA will work with the manufactur er to select durability data groups for testing, with the general expectation that test ing will rotate to cover a manufacturer’s whole product line over time. If a durability data group has been certified in an earlier model year based on submitted PM data, and that dur ability data group is eligible for certification using carryover test data, that carry over data may count toward meeting the requirements of this paragraph (d)(1), subject to t he selection of durability data groups. (iii) Manufacturers with nine or more durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least 25 percent of those durability data groups each model year. We will work with the manufacturer to select durability data groups for testing as described in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section. * * * * * (e) * * * (9) For complete vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR with fuel tanks exceeding 35 gallons nominal fuel tank capacity, and for any incomplete vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR , a manufacturer may provide a statement in the applica tion for certification that vehicles comply with refueling emission standards instead of submit ting test data, consistent with 40 CFR 1037.103(c). * * * * *

1026. Section 86.1844-01 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as follows: §86.1844-01 Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of information upon request. * * * * * (d) * * * (3) A description of applicable evaporative/refueli ng families and leak families in accordance with the criteria listed in §86.1821-01, or as othe rwise used to group a product line. * * * * *

1027. Section 86.1845-04 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(5), (c)(5), and (f)(2) to read as follows: § 86.1845-04 Manufacturer in-use verification tes ting requirements. * * * * * (b) * * * (5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle of a test group shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and the US06 portion of the SFTP as described in subpar t B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable exhaust emiss ion standards under this subpart. TestPage 19 of 36

vehicles subject to applicable exhaust CO 2 emission standards under this subpart shall also b e tested in accordance with the HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, of this chapter

. (ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mM anufacturers must measure PM emissions over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at leas t 50 percent of the vehicles tested under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section. (iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manuf acturers must demonstrate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard specified in § 86.1813, if applicable, as described in this paragraph (b)(5)(iii). Manufacturers must evaluate each vehi cle tested under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section, except that leak testing is not required f or vehicles tested under paragraph (b)(5)(iv) of this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, m anufacturers must evaluate at least one vehicle from each leak family for a given model year. Manu facturers may rely on OBD monitoring instead of testing as follows: (A) A vehicle is considered to pass the leak test i f the OBD system completed a leak check within the previous 750 miles of driving without sh owing a leak fault code. (B) Whether or not a vehicle’s OBD system has compl eted a leak check within the previous 750 miles of driving, the manufacturer may operate the vehicle as needed to force the OBD system to perform a leak check. If the OBD leak ch eck does not show a leak fault, the vehicle is considered to pass the leak test. (C) If the most recent OBD leak check from paragrap h (b)(5)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section shows a leak-related fault code as specified in § 8 6.1806-17(b), the vehicle is presumed to have failed the leak test. Manufacturers may perfo rm the leak measurement procedure described in 40 CFR 1066.985 for an official result to replace the finding from the OBD leak check. (D) Manufacturers may not perform repeat OBD checks or leak measurements to over-ride a failure under paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(C) of this sect ion. (iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehic le of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diu rnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission and refueling emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. For gaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of ea ch evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evap orative emission and refueling emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, whe n such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refuelin g testing requirement of this paragraph (b)(5)( ivii ) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum number of vehicles as specified in Table S04–06 and Table S04–07 in pa ragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section only if t he vehicle is also tested for exhaust emissions under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of th is section. * * * * * (c) * * * (5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and the US06 portion of the SFTP as described in subpart B of this part when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards under th is subpart. Test vehicles subject to applicable exhaust CO 2 emission standards under this subpart shall also b e tested in accordance with the HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B . One test vehicle from each testPage 20 of 36

group shall be tested over the FTP at high altitude . The test vehicle tested at high altitude is not required to be one of the same test vehicles tested at low altitude. The test vehicle tested at high altitude is counted when determining the compliance with the requirements shown in Table S04– 06 and Table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this sec tion or the expanded sample size as provided for in this paragraph (c). (ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mM anufacturers must measure PM emissions over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at leas t 50 percent of the vehicles tested under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section. (iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manuf acturers must evaluate each vehicle tested under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section to demons trate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard specified in § 86.1813, except that leak testing is not required for vehicles tested under paragraph (c)(5)(iv) of this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at least one vehicle from each leak family for a given model year. Manufacturers may rely on OBD monitoring instead of testing as described in parag raph ( bc )(5)(iii) of this section. (iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehic le of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diu rnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, whe n such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. For gaseousfueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporati ve/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evapora tive emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is t ested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of th is paragraph ( cb )(5)( ivii ) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum number of v ehicles as specified in Table S04–06 and table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section fo r testing under paragraph ( cb )(5)(i) of this section only if the vehicle is also tested for exha ust emissions under the requirements of paragraph ( cb )(5)(i) of this section. * * * * * (f) * * * (2) For flexible-fueled vehicles certified to NMOG (or NMOG+NOx) standards, the manufacturer may ask for EPA approval to demonstrat e compliance using an equivalent NMOG emission result calculated from a ratio of ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions to gasoline NMHC exhaust emissions. Ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions are measured values from testing with the ethanol test fuel, expressed as NMOG. Gasoline NMH C exhaust emissions are measured values from testing with the gasoline test fuel, expressed as NMHC. This ratio must be established during certification for each emission-data vehicle for the applicable test group. Use good engineering judgment to establish a different ratio for each duty cycle or test interval as appropriate. Identify the ratio values you develop under this paragraph (f)( 21 ) and describe the duty cycle or test interval to which they apply in the Part II application for certification. Calculate the equivalent NMOG emission result by mu ltiplying the measured gasoline NMHC exhaust emissions for a given duty cycle or test in terval by the appropriate ratio. * * * * *

1028. Section 86.1846-01 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) to read as follows: § 86.1846-01 Manufacturer in-use confirmatory tes ting requirements.Page 21 of 36

* * * * * (b) * * * (1) * * * (i) Additional testing is not required under this p aragraph (b)(1) based on Supplemental FTP testing or evaporative/refueling testing. Testing c onducted at high altitude under the requirements of § 86.1845-04( cb ) will be included in determining if a test group m eets the criteria triggering the testing required under this section. (ii) The vehicle designated for testing tested under the requirements of § 86.1845–04(c)(2) with a minimum odometer miles reading of 105,000 miles or 75% of useful life , whichever is less, will not be included in determining if a test group meet s the triggering criteria. * * * * *

1029. Section 86.1861-17 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: § 86.1861-17 How do the NMOG+NOx and evaporative emission credit programs work? * * * * * (a) Calculate emission credits as described in this paragraph (a) instead of using the provisions of 40 CFR 1037.705. Calculate positive or negative em ission credits relative to the applicable fleetaverage standard. Calculate positive emission cred its if your fleet-average level is below the standard. Calculate negative emission credits if y our fleet-average value is above the standard. Calculate credits separately for each type of stand ard and for each averaging set. Calculate emission credits using the following equation, roun ded to the nearest whole number: 

### [ ] Emissioncredit Volume Fleet average standard Fleet averagevalue

= ⋅ −

Where:

Emission credit

= The positive or negative credit for each discret e fleet-average standard, in units of vehicle-grams per mile for NMOG+NOx and ve hicle-grams per test for evaporative emissions.

Volume = Sales volume in a given model year from the coll ection of test groups or evaporative families covered by the fleet-average v alue, as described in § 86.1860. (b) The following restrictions apply instead of tho se specified in 40 CFR 1037.740: (1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)( 23 ) of this section, emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set, as follows: (i) HDV represent a separate averaging set with res pect to all emission standards. (ii) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of thi s section, LDV and LDT certified to standards based on a useful life of 150,000 miles a nd 15 years together represent a single averaging set with respect to all NMOG+NOx emission standards. Note that FTP and SFTP credits are not interchangeable. (iii) LDV and LDT1 certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles and 10 years together represent a single averaging set wit h respect to NMOG+NOx emission standards. Note that FTP and SFTP credits are not interchangeable. (iv) The following separate averaging sets apply fo r evaporative emission standards: (A) LDV and LDT1 together represent a single averag ing set. (B) LDT2 represents a single averaging set. (C) HLDT represents a single averaging set. (D) HDV represents a single averaging set. Commented [SA3]: Add multiplication symbol in equation (FR left it out).Page 22 of 36

* * * * *

1030. Appendix I to part 86 is amended by revising paragr aph (c) introductory text to read as follows: A PPENDIX I TO P ART 86—D YNAMOMETER S CHEDULES * * * * * (c) EPA driving schedule for class 3 heavy-duty veh icles. This driving schedule is also known as the LA-92 cycle. The first 1,435 seconds are the Hot LA-92 driving schedule. * * * * *

PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EM ISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES 1031. The authority citation for part 600 continues to re ad as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. 109–58

. Subpart B—[Amended]

1032. Section 600.116-12 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(5) to read as follows: §600.116-12 Special procedures related to electri c vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. * * * * * (c) * * * (5) The End-of-Test criterion is based on a 1 perce nt Net Energy Change as specified in Section 3.8 of SAE J1711. We may approve alternate Net Ener gy Change tolerances as specified in Section 3.9.1 of SAE J1711 for charge-depleting tests or Appendix C of SAE J1711 for chargesustaining tests if the 1 percent threshold is insufficient or inapp ropriate for marking the end of charge-depleting operation . For charge-sustaining tests, we may approve the u se of alternate Net Energy Change tolerances as specified in Appendix C of SAE J1711 to correct final fuel economy values, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions. F or charge-sustaining tests, do not use alternate Net Energy Change toler ances to correct emissions of criteria pollutants. Additionally, if we approve an alternat e End-of-Test criterion or Net Energy Change tolerances for a specific vehicle, we may use the a lternate criterion or tolerances for any testing we conduct on that vehicle. * * * * *

1033. Section 600.117 is amended by revising paragraphs ( b) and (c) to read as follows: § 600.117 Interim provisions. * * * * * (b) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles com ply with Tier 3 emission standards as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, during fuel economy measurements using the gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), as long as this test fuel is used in fuel economy testing for all the applicable duty cycles specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails to meet a Tier 3 emission standard using the gasoli ne test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), the manufacturer must retest the vehicle using the Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California ) to demonstrate compliance with all applicable emission standards over that test cy cle.Page 23 of 36

(c) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission standards for criteria pollutants over all five test cycles using the Tier 3 test fue l specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California) , the manufacturer may use test data with the same test fuel to determine whether a the derived five-cycle calculations to demonstrate compliance with greenhouse gas emission standards and determine fue l economy values. This also applies for fuel economy labeling, as long as the test group meets the criteria described in § 600.11 5 for derived 5-cycle testing for fuel economy labeling

. Such vV ehicles may be tested over the FTP and HFET cycles with the test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a) under this paragraph ( cb ) ; the vehicles must meet the Tier 3 emission standards over those test cycles as described in paragraph (b) of this section

. (d) Manufacturers may perform testing with the appropriate either gasoline test fuel s specified either in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a) and 40 CFR 86.213(a)(2), or in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) to evaluate whether their vehicles meet the criteria for derive d 5-cycle testing under 40 CFR 600.115 . ; however, aA ll five tests must use test fuel with the same nominal ethanol concentrationmeeting the same specifications

. * * * * *

PART 1037—CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW HEAVY-DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES 1034. The authority citation for part 1037 continues to r ead as follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart B–[Amended]

1035. Section 1037.103 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(6) and (f) to read as follows: § 1037.103 Evaporative and refueling emission stand ards. * * * * * (b) * * * (6) Vehicles not yet subject to the Tier 3 standard s in 40 CFR 86.1813 must meet evaporative emission standards as specified in §§ 86.008-10(b) (1) and (2) for Otto-cycle applications and 86.007-11(b)(3) (ii) and (b) (4) (ii) for diesel-cycle applications

. * * * * * (f) Useful life. Your vehicles must meet the evapor ative emission standards of this section throughout their useful life, expressed in service miles or calendar years, whichever comes first. The useful life values for the standards of this se ction are described in 40 CFR 86.1805those that apply for criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86

. * * * * *

1036. Section 1037.104 is amended by revising paragraph ( e) to read as follows: § 1037.104 Exhaust emission standards for CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O for heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR. * * * * * (e) Useful life. Your vehicles must meet the exhau st emission standards of this section throughout their full useful life, expressed in ser vice miles or calendar years, whichever comes first. The useful life values for the standards of this section are those that apply to model year 2014 vehicles for criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86 .1805

.Page 24 of 36

* * * * *

1037. Section 1037.135 is amended by revising paragraph ( c)(9) to read as follows: §1037.135 Labeling. * * * * * (c) * * * (9) If you rely on another company to design and instal l fuel tanks in incomplete vehicles that use an evaporative canister for controlling diurnal emissions, iI nclude the following statement for vehicles with an evaporative canister for contr olling diurnal emissions : “THIS VEHICLE IS DESIGNED TO COMPLY WITH EVAPORATIVE EMISSION STANDA RDS WITH UP TO x GALLONS OF FUEL TANK CAPACITY.” Complete this sta tement by identifying the maximum specified fuel tank capacity associated wit h your certification. * * * * *

PART 1065—ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES 1038. The authority citation for part 1065 continues to r ead as follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A—[Amended]

1039. Section 1065.10 is amended by revising paragraph (c )(6) to read as follows: §1065.10 Other procedures. * * * * * (c) * * * (6) During the 12 months following the effective da te of any change in the provisions of this part 1065 (and 40 CFR part 1066 for vehicle testing) , you may use data collected using procedures specified in the previously applicable v ersion of this part 1065 (and 40 CFR part 1066 for vehicle testing). This also applies for c hanges to test procedures specified in the standard-setting part to the extent that these chan ges do not correspond to new emission standards. This paragraph (c)(6) does not restrict the use o f carryover certification data otherwise allowed by the standard-setting part. * * * * *

Subpart E—[Amended]

§1065.410 —[Amended] 1040. Section 1065.410 is amended by removing paragraph ( e).

Subpart G—[Amended]

1041. Section 1065.610 is amended by redesignating paragr aph (a)(1)(viii) as paragraph (a)(1)(vii) and revising the redesignated paragraph (a)(1)(vii) to read as follows: §1065.610 Duty cycle generation. * * * * * (a) * * *Page 25 of 36

(1) * * * (vii i ) The following example illustrates a calculation o f f ntest : P max = 230.0 ( f n1 = 2360, P 1 = 223222

. 15

, f nnorm1 = 1.002, P norm1 = 0.967 5 ) ( f n2 = 2364, P 2 = 227226

. 78

, f nnorm2 = 1.004, P norm2 = 0. 9869859 ) ( f n3 = 2369, P 3 = 230228

. 06

, f nnorm3 = 1.006, P norm3 = 0.994 0 ) ( f n4 = 2374, P 4 = 220218

. 87

, f nnorm4 = 1.008, P norm4 = 0. 9519508 ) Sum of squares = (1.002 2 + 0.967 5 2 ) = 1.94 Sum of squares = (1.004 2 + 0. 986 2 9859 2 ) = 1.98 Sum of squares = (1.006 2 + 0.994 0 2 ) = 2.00 Sum of squares = (1.008 2 + 0. 951 2 9508 2 ) = 1.92



## ( ) ( )

ntest 0.98 2.0 1.94 0.98 2.0 2.0 2360 2364 2360 2369 2374 2369

1.98 1.94 1.92 2.0

2 2362.0 2371.5 2366.8 r min 2 f 

⋅ − ⋅ −      + − ⋅ + + − ⋅      

− −      

=

+

= =



### ( ) ( )

npmax 0.98 230.0 222.5 0.98 230.0 228.6 2360 2364 2360 2369 2374 2369 226.8 222.5 218.7 228.6

2 2362.7 2370.6 2366.7 r min 2 f  

⋅ − ⋅ −     + − ⋅ + + − ⋅      

− −      

=

+

= =

* * * * *

1042. Section 1065.650 is amended by revising paragraph ( c)(1)(i) to read as follows: §1065.650 Emission calculations. * * * * * (c) * * * (1) * * * (i) Correct all gaseous emission analyzer concentra tion readings, including continuous readings, sample bag readings, and dilution air background re adings, for drift as described in §1065.672. Note that you must omit this step where brake-speci fic emissions are calculated without the drift correction for performing the drift validation acco rding to §1065.550(b). When applying the initial THC and CH 4 contamination readings according to §1065.520(f), use the same values for both sets of calculations. You may also use as-meas ured values in the initial set of calculations and corrected values in the drift-corrected set of calculations as described in §1065.520 (f)(g) (7). * * * * *

Subpart H—[Amended]

1043. Section 1065.710 is amended by revising paragraph ( c), including Table 2 to read as follows: §1065.710 Gasoline. * * * * * (c) The specifications of this paragraph (c) apply for testing with neat gasoline. This is sometimes called indolene or E0 test fuel. Gasolin e for testing must have octane values thatPage 26 of 36

represent commercially available fuels for the appr opriate application. Test fuel specifications apply as follows:

T ABLE 2 OF § 1065.710–T EST F UEL S PECIFICATIONS FOR N EAT (E0) G ASOLINE

Property Unit SPECIFICATION Reference Procedure 1 General Testing Low-Temperature Testing Distillation Range: Evaporated initial boiling point

10% evaporated 50% evaporated 90% evaporated Evaporated final boiling point °C 24 - 35 2 49 - 57 93 - 110 149 - 163 Maximum, 213 24 - 36

37 - 48 82 - 101 158 - 174 Maximum, 212 ASTM D86

Hydrocarbon composition: Olefins Aromatics Saturates volume % Maximum, 0. 10 Maximum, 0. 35 Remainder Maximum, 0. 17

. 5

Maximum, 0. 30

. 4 Remainder ASTM D1319

Lead g/liter Maximum, 0.013 Maximum, 0.013 ASTM D3237 Phosphorous g/liter Maximum, 0.0013 Maximum, 0.005 ASTM D3231 Total sulfur mg/kg Maximum, 80 Maximum, 80 ASTM D2622
Dry vapor pressure equivalent 3 kPa (psi) 60.0 - 63.4 2,4

(8.7-9.2) 77.2 - 81.4

(11.2-11.8) ASTM D5191

1 ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in § 106 5.1010. See § 1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.

2 For testing at altitudes above 1219 m, the specified in itial boiling point range is (23.9 to 40.6) °C and the specified volatility range is (52.0 to 55.2) kPa ((7.5 to 8.0) psi)

. 3 Calculate dry vapor pressure equivalent, DVPE , based on the measured total vapor pressure, p T , in kPa using the following equation: DVPE (kPa) = 0.956

· p T - 2.39 or DVPE (psi) = 0.956

· p T – 0.347. DVPE is intended to be equivalent to Reid Vapor Pressure using a different test method.

4 For testing unrelated to evaporative emissions, the spe cified range is (55.2 to 63.4) kPa ((8.0 to 9.2) psi)

. * * * * *

PART 1066—VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES 1044. The authority citation for part 1066 continues to r ead as follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A—[Amended]

1045. Section 1066.10 is amended by revising paragraph (c ) to read as follows: §1066.10 Other procedures. * * * * * (c) Exceptions. We You may allow or require you to use procedures other than those specified in this part as described in 40 CFR 1065.10(c). Al l the test procedures noted as exceptions to the specified procedures are considered generically as "other procedures." Note that the terms "special procedures" and "alternate procedures" hav e specific meanings; "special procedures" are those allowed by 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(2) and "alternat e procedures" are those allowed by 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(7). If we require you to request approv al to use other procedures under this paragraph (c), you may not use them until we approv e your request. * * * * *

Subpart B—[Amended]Page 27 of 36

1046. Section 1066.125 is amended by revising paragraph ( a)(1) to read as follows: § 1066.125 Data updating, recording, and control. * * * * * (a) * * * (1) This paragraph (a)(1) applies where we specify a minimum command and control frequency that is greater than the minimum recording frequenc y, such as for sample flow rates from a CVS that does not have a heat exchanger. For these mea surements, the rate at which you read and interpret the signal must be at least as frequent a s the minimum command and control frequency. You may record values at the same frequency, or you may record them as mean values, as long as the frequency of the mean values meets the minim um recording frequency. You must use all read values, either by recording them or using them to calculate mean values. For example, if your system reads and controls the sample flow rate at 10 Hz, you may record these values at 10 Hz, record them at 5 Hz by averaging pairs of conse cutive points together, or record them at 1 Hz by averaging five ten consecutive points together.

* * * * *

Subpart C—[Amended]

1047. Section 1066.235 is amended by revising paragraph ( c)(1)(i) before the “Where” statement to read as follows: § 1066.235 Speed verification procedure.

* * * * * (c) * * * (1) * * * (i) Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode. Set the dynamometer speed to a value of approximately 4.5 m/s (10 mph); record the output o f the frequency counter after 10 seconds. Determine the roll speed, v act , using the following equation:

roll
act f d v n π ⋅ ⋅

=

Eq. 1066.235-1

* * * * *

1048. Section 1066.255 is amended by revising paragraph ( d) to read as follows: § 1066.255 Parasitic loss verification. * * * * * (d) Performance evaluation. Some dynamometers auto matically update the parasitic loss curve for further testing. If this is not the case, comp are the new parasitic loss curve to the original parasitic loss curve from the dynamometer manufactu rer or the most recent parasitic loss curve you programmed into the dynamometer. You may repro gram the dynamometer to accept the new curve in all cases, and you must reprogram the dynamometer if any point on the new curve departs from the earlier curve by more than ±9.0 N (±2.0 lbf) for dynamometers capable ofPage 28 of 36

testing vehicles at or below 20,000 pounds GVWR, or ±36.0 N (±8.0 lbf) for dynamometers not capable of testing vehicles at or below 20,000 poun ds GVWR.

1049. Section 1066.270 is amended by revising paragraph ( c)(4) to read as follows: §1066. 270 Unloaded coastdown verification. * * * * * (c) * * * (4) Determine the average coastdown force, F , for each speed and inertia setting for each of th e coastdowns performed using the following equation: 

## ( ) init final 

### I v v F t ⋅ −

=
Eq. 1066.270-1 Where: F = the average force measured during the coastdown for each speed interval and inertia setting, expressed in lbf·s 2

/ft and rounded to four significant figures. I = the dynamometer’s inertia setting, in lbf· s 2 /ft.

v init = the speed at the start of the coastdown interval , expressed in ft/s to at least four significant figures.

v final = the speed at the end of the coastdown interval, expressed in ft/s to at least four significant figures.

t = coastdown time for each speed interval and inert ia setting, accurate to at least 0.01 s.

Example: I = 2000 lbm = 6562

. 17 16 lbf·s 2 /ft

v init = 25 mph = 36.66 ft/s

v final = 15 mph = 22.0 ft/s

t = 5.00 s 

## ( ) 62.16 36.66 22.0
5.00 F ⋅ −

=

F = 191182

. 1 2 lbf * * * * *

Subpart D—[Amended]

1050. Section 1066.301 is revised to read as follows: § 1066.301 Overview of road-load determination coastdown procedures. (a) The coastdown procedures described in this subpart are used to de termine the road- load target coefficients (A, B, and C) for the simulated road-l oad equation in § 1066.210(d)(3). (b) The general procedure for determining road-load force is performing coastdown tests and calculating road- load coefficients . This procedure is described in SAE J1263 and SAE J2263 (incorporated by reference in § 1066.1010). This s ubpart specifies certain deviations from those procedures for certain applications. (c) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects o f road-load determinationcoastdown testing

. For example, minimize the effects of grade by perfo rming coastdown testing on reasonably level surfaces and determining coefficients based on aver age values from vehicle operation in oppositePage 29 of 36

directions over the course.

1051. Section 1066.305 is revised to read as follows: § 1066.305 Coastdown pP rocedures for specifying road-load forces for motor vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR. (a) For motor vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, develop representative road-load coefficients to characterize each test vehicle covered by a certificate of conformity . Calculate road-load target coefficients by performing coastdown test s using the provisions of SAE J1263 and SAE J2263 (incorporated by reference in § 1066.1010 ). You may use other methods, such as equivalent test procedures or analytical modelin g, to characterize road load using good engineering judgment. Determine dynamometer settin gs to simulate the road-load profile represented by these road-load target coefficients as described in §1066.315. Supply representative road -load forces for each vehicle a t speeds above 15 km/hr (9.3 mph), and up to 115 km/hr (71.5 mph) Perform coastdowns at a starting speed as specified in SAE J2263 , or at the highest speed from the range of applicable duty cyc les. (b) For cold temperature testing described in subpa rt H of this part, determine road-load target coefficients using one of the following methods: (1) You may perform coastdown tests or use other me thods to characterize road load as described in paragraph (a) of this section based on vehicle operation at a nominal ambient temperature of -7 °C (20 °F). (2) You may multiply each of the road-load target c oefficients determined using the procedures described in paragraph (a) of this section by 1.1 t o approximate a 10 percent decrease in coastdown time for the test vehicle. Use the same road-load coefficients for all duty cy cles. However, if your test conditions are substantially different from the conditions represented by your road-load coefficients, such as cold temperatu re testing, you may use good engineering judgment to develop separate road-load coefficients for cold temperature testing.

Subpart E—[Amended] 1052. Section 1066.410 is amended by revising paragraph ( b) introductory text to read as follows: §1066.410 Dynamometer test procedure. * * * * * (b) Place the vehicle onto the dynamometer without starting the engine (for any cold-start test cycles) or drive the vehicle onto the dynamometer ( for hot-start and hot-running cycles only) and position a fan that directs cooling air to the vehi cle during dynamometer operation as described in this paragraph (b). This generally requires squa rely positioning the fan in front of the vehicle and directing the airflow to the vehicle's radiator . Use good engineering judgment to design and configure fans to cool the test vehicle in a way th at properly simulates in-use operation, consistent with the specifications of §1066.105. Ex cept for the following special cases, use a road-speed modulated fan meeting the requirements o f §1066.105(c)(2) that is placed within 90 cm of the front of the vehicle and ensure that the engine compartment cover (i.e., hood) is closed: * * * * *

1053. Section 1066.420 is amended by revising paragraph ( b) to read as follows: §1066.420 Test preparation. * * * * *Page 30 of 36

(b) For vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR with comp ression-ignition engines, verify the amount of nonmethane hydrocarbon contamination as d escribed in 40 CFR 1065.520 (f)(g)

. * * * * *

Subpart F—[Amended]

1054. Section 1066.501 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(2)(ii) and (iii) to read as follows: §1066.501 Overview. * * * * * (a) * * * (2) * * * (ii) We may approve the use of the alternate End-of -Test criterion in Section 3.9.1 of SAE J1711 for charge-depleting tests and the Net Energy Change correction in Appendix C of SAE J1711 for charge-sustaining tests if the specified criterion and correction are insuf ficient or inappropriate for establishing the transition between charge-dep leting and charge-sustaining operation. (iii) For charge-sustaining tests Appendix C of SAE J1711 may be used to correct fina l fuel economy values, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions, b ut may not be used to correct measured values for criteria pollutant emis sions. * * * * *

Subpart G—[Amended]

1055. Section 1066.605 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(5) and (6) to read as follows: § 1066.605 Mass-based and molar-based exhaust emiss ion calculations. * * * * * (c) * * * (5) Correct all gaseous concentrations for dilution air background as described in § 1066.610. (6) Correct NOx emission values for intake-air humi dity as described in § 1066.615. * * * * *

1056. Section 1066.615 is amended by revising the introdu ctory text and paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows: § 1066.615 NOx intake-air humidity correction. You may correct NO x emissions for intake-air humidity as described in this section if the standard-setting part allows it. See § 1066.605(c) (1) for the proper sequence for applying the NO x intake-air humidity correction. (a) * * * (2) Use the following equation to correct measured concentrations to a reference condition of 10.71 grams H 2 O vapor per kilogram of dry air for the FTP, US06, LA-92, SC03, and HFET test cycles:



## ( ) s NOxcor NOx 1 0.0329 10.71

H x x H = ⋅

− ⋅ −

Eq. 1066.615-2 Where:

x NOx dexh = measured dilute NO x emission s concentration in the sample, after dry-to-wet andPage 31 of 36

background corrections

. H s = humidity scale. Set = 1 for FTP, US06, LA-92, a nd HFET test cycles. Set = 0.8825 for the SC03 test cycle. H = ambient humidity, as determined in paragraph (a) (1) of this section. Example: H = 7.14741 g H 2 O vapor/kg dry air time weighted over the FTP test cycle

x NOx dexh = 1.21 ppm



## ( ) NOxcor 1 1.21 1.08305 ppm 1 0.0329 7.14741 10.71 x = ⋅ =

− ⋅ − * * * * *

1057. Section 1066.635 is amended by adding paragraph (c) (6) to read as follows: § 1066.635 NMOG determination. * * * * * (c) * * * (6) For PHEVs, you may determine NMOG based on test ing over one full UDDS using Eq. 1066.635-3. * * * * *

Subpart H—[Amended]

1058. Section 1066.701 is amended by revising paragraph ( a) to read as follows: § 1066.701 Applicability and general provisions. (a) The procedures of this part 1066 may be used f or testing at any ambient temperature. Section 1066.710 describes the provisions that appl y for testing vehicles at a nominal temperature of 20 -7 °C ( 68 20 °F); these procedures apply for motor vehicles as d escribed in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, and 40 CFR part 600. For o ther vehicles, see the standard-setting part to determine if your vehicle is required to meet emiss ion standards outside the normal (20 to 30) °C ((68 to 86) °F) temperature range. * * * * *

1059. Section 1066.710 is amended by revising paragraph ( c) to read as follows: § 1066.710 Cold temperature testing procedures for measuring CO and NMHC emissions and determining fuel economy. * * * * * (c) Heater and defroster. During the test, operate the vehicle's interior cl imate control system with the heat on and set to primarily defrost the f ront window. Turn air conditioning off. You may not use any supplemental auxiliary heat during this testing. You may set the heater to any temperature and fan setting during vehicle precondi tioning. (1) Manual controlly controlled systems

. Unless you rely on automatic control as specified i n paragraph (c)(2) of this section, take the followin g steps to control heater settings: (i) Set the climate control system as follows before th e first acceleration (t=20 s), or before starting the vehicle if the climate control system allows it:Prior to the first acceleration, 20 seconds after the start of the UDDS, set the climat e control as follows (these settings may be initiated prior to starting the vehicle if allowed by the vehicle's climate control system):Page 32 of 36

(A) Temperature. Set controls to maximum heat. For automatic control systems running in manual mode, set the heater control to 72 °F or hig her. (B) Fan speed. Set the fan speed to full off or the lowest availa ble speed if a full off position is not available. (C) Airflow direction. Direct airflow to the front window (window defrost mode). (D) Air source. If independently controllable, set the system to d raw in outside air. (ii) At the second idle of the test cycle, which oc curs 125 seconds after the start of the test, set the fan speed to maximum. Complete by 130 seconds a fter the start of the test. Leave temperature and air source settings unchanged. (iii) At the sixth idle of the test interval, which occurs at the deceleration to zero miles per hour 505 seconds after the start of the test, set the fa n speed to the lowest setting that maintains air flow. Complete these changes by 510 seconds after t he start of the test. You may use different vent and fan speed settings for the remainder of th e test. Leave the temperature and air source settings unchanged. (2) Automatic control systems

. For vehicles with automatic control systems running in automatic mode

, you may follow the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) o f this section or you may set the temperature to 72 °F and the air flow control to th e front window defrost mode for the whole
test. (3) Multiple-zone systems. For vehicles that have separate driver and passeng er controls or separate front and rear controls, you must set all temperature and fan controls as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section, except t hat rear controls need not be set to defrost the front window. (4) Alternative test procedures. We may approve the use of other settings under 40 CFR 86.1840 if a vehicle's climate control system is not compat ible with the provisions of this section. * * * * *

Subpart I—[Amended]

1060. Section 1066.801 is amended by revising paragraph ( c)(2) and Figure 1 in paragraph (e) to read as follows: § 1066.801 Applicability and general provisions. * * * * * (c) * * * (2) The Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) measures the emission effects from aggressive driving and operation with the vehicle’s air conditioner. The SFTP is based on a composite of three different test elements. In add ition to the FTP, vehicles generally operate over the US06 and SC03 driving schedules as specifi ed in paragraphs (g) and (h) of Appendix I of 40 CFR part 86, respectively. In the case of he avy-duty vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR and at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, SFTP testi ng involves additional driving over the Hot LA-92 driving schedule as specified in paragraph (c) of 40 CFR part 86, Appen dix I, instead of the US06 driving schedule. Note that th e US06 driving schedule represents about 8.0 miles of relatively aggressive driving; the SC03 dr iving schedule represents about 3.6 miles of urban driving with the air conditioner operating; a nd the hot portion of the LA-92 driving schedule represents about 9.8 miles of relatively a ggressive driving for commercial trucks. See § § 1066.815 and 1066.820. * * * * *Page 33 of 36

(e) * * *

1061. Section 1066.815 is amended by revising paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (d)(2)(iii) to read as follows: § 1066.815 Exhaust emission test procedures for FTP testing

. * * * * * (d) * * * (2) * * * (ii) Repeat the steps in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of th is section. Operate the vehicle over the first 505 seconds of the UDDS. For tests that do not include bag 4 operation, At t he end of the deceleration scheduled to occur 505 seconds into th e hot-start UDDS, turn off the engine and simultaneously stop all hot-start sampling and reco rding, including background sampling, and any integrating devices at the end of the deceleration scheduled to occur 505 seconds into the hot-start UDDS

. (iii) For tests that do not include bag 4 operation, turn the engine off. To include bag 4 measurement, operate the vehicles over the remainde r of the UDDS and conclude the testing as described in paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) of thi s section. * * * * *

1062. Section 1066.831 is amended as follows: a. By revising paragraphs (b)(3)(ii)(D).Page 34 of 36

b. By adding paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(G). c. By revising paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (e)(2)(iii)

. § 1066.831 Exhaust emission test procedures for agg ressive driving. * * * * * (b) * * * (3) * * * (ii) * * * (D) US06 driving schedule or, for heavy-duty vehicl es above at or below 10,000 pounds GVWR with a power-to-weight ratio at or below 0.024 hp/l bm, just the highway portion of the US06 driving schedule. * * * * * ( G ) The Hot LA-92 driving schedule. * * * * * (e) * * * (2) * * * (i) For heavy-duty vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVW R, operate the vehicle over the Hot LA92 driving schedule. (ii) * * * (iii) Non-MDPVAll heavy-duty vehicles shall be tested at their adjus ted loaded vehicle weight as described in 40 CFR 86.1816. * * * * *

1063. Section 1066.835 is amended by revising paragraph ( e)(2) to read as follows: § 1066.835 Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions. * * * * * (e) * * * (2) Vehicle frontal air flow. Verify that the fan configuration meets the requirements of § 1066.105(c)(3). You may add airflow up to a maximum of 2 miles pe r hour during engine idling and when the engine is off if that is needed to mee t ambient temperature or humidity requirements. * * * * *

1064. Section 1066.845 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) and (e)(2) and adding paragraph (e)(3) to read as follows: § 1066.845 AC17 air conditioning efficiency test pr ocedure. * * * * * (b) Test cell. Operate the vehicle in a test cell meeting the specifications described in § 1066.835(e). You may add airflow up to at a maximum of 4 miles per hour during engine idling and when the engine is off if that is needed to mee t ambient temperature or humidity requirements. * * * * * (e) * * * (2) For manual systems, select A/C mode, set the te mperature to full cold and “maximum”, set airflow to “recirculate” (if so equipped), and sele ct the highest fan setting. During the first idle period of the SC03 driving schedule (between 186 an d 204 seconds), reduce the fan speed setting to nominally 50 % of maximum fan speed, set airflow to “fresh air” (if so equipped), and adjustPage 35 of 36

the temperature setting to target a temperature of 55 °F (13 °C) at the dashboard air outlet. Maintain these settings for the remainder of the te st. You may rely on prior temperature measurements to determine the temperature setting; however, if the system is unable to meet the 55 °F (13 °C) target, you may instead set airflow t o “fresh air” and temperature to full cold. If the vehicle is equipped with technology that defaul ts to recirculated air at ambient temperatures above 75 °F (22 °C), that technology should remain enabled throughout the test; this may mean not setting the airflow to “recirculate” at the sta rt and not setting the airflow to "fresh air" durin g the first idle period of the SCO3 SC03 driving schedule. Except as specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, use good engineering judgment to a pply the settings described in this paragraph (e)(2) equally throughout the vehicle if there are separate controls for different zones (such as rear air conditioning). (3) If the air conditioning system is designed with parameters that switch back to a default setting at key-off, perform testing in that default conditi on. If the air conditioning system includes any optional equipment or user controls not addressed i n this paragraph (e), the manufacturer should ask us for preliminary approval to determine the ap propriate settings for testing. * * * * *

Subpart J—[Amended]

1065. Section 1066.985 is amended by revising paragraph ( d)(9) to read as follows: §1066.985 Fuel storage system leak test procedure

. * * * * * (d) * * * (9) Repeat the test described in this paragraph ( dc ) for each access point described in the application for certification. Use each test result (without averaging) to determine whether the vehicle passes the leak standard. * * * * *

Subpart K—[Amended]

1066. Section 1066.1001 is amended by adding a definition for “Hot LA-92” in alphabetical order to read as follows: § 1066.1001 Definitions. * * * * * Hot LA-92 means the first 1435 seconds of the LA-92 driving schedule. * * * * *

1067. Section 1066.1005 is amended by revising paragraph (h) to read as follows: § 1066.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and u nits of measure. * * * * * (h) Prefixes. This part uses the following prefixe s to define a quantity: Symbol Quantity Value

n nano 10

- 9

μ micro 10

- 6
m milli 10

- 3 c centi 10

- 2 k kilo 10 3 M mega 10 6Page 36 of 36 n nano 10

- 9

1068. Section 1066.1010 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: §1066.1010 Incorporation by reference. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) SAE J1263, Road Load Measurement and Dynamomete r Simulation Using Coastdown Techniques, revised March 2010, IBR approved for §§ 1066.301(b) , 1066.305, and 1066.310(b). * * * * *