Pursuant to5 T H C IR . R. 47.5 , the court has determined that this opinionshould not * be publishe d and is not precedent except under the limited circu mstance s set forth in 5 T H C IR . R. 47.5 .4. 

### INTHE UNITED S TATESCOU RT OFAPPEALS

FORTHEFIFTH CIRCU IT

N o. 08- 30707 Su m m ar y Cal endar UN I TE D S TA TE S OF AM ERI CA P l ai n t i f f - A pp el l ee v. M I CH AEL DE CLOU ET D e fe nda nt- Appe l l ant

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rom t h e U n i t ed S t ates D i st ri ctC ou rt f ort he E as t er n D i st r i c tof Loui si ana U SD C N o. 2: 07- C R
- 198- 1 B ef ore D AV IS, G A R Z A , an d P R A D O , C i rcui tJu dg es. P E R C U R IA M: * M i cha elD ecl ou etapp eal s hi s guilty

- pl ea conv i ct i on s and sentences f or c o n s p i r a c yt o co m m i tHo b b s Ac ta r m e dr o b b e r y , i n v i o l a t i o n o f 1 8 U. S . C. § 1 9 1 5 ( a ) ; H o b b s A c t a r m e dro b b e r yo f S tu d io 4 4 0 inJ e ffe r s o n , L o u is ia n a , in v io la tio n o f 1 8 U .S .C . § 1 9 5 1 (a ); b e in gafe lo n inp o s s e s s io n o f afir e a r m , in vi ol at i on o f

21 U . S. C . § 922( g) ; and c arj ac ki ng, i n vi ol at i on o f 18 U . S. C . § 2119. In th e fa c tu a l b a s is fo rth e p le a , D e c lo u e t a d m itt e dh is p a r tic ip a tio n in n u m erous un cha rged r obberi es u n dertaken du ri n g t h e course of t h e conspi racy United States Court of App eals

Fifth Circuit 

### F I L E D May 28, 2009 Cha rl es R. F ulb ru g e II I ClerkN o. 08- 30707

2 i n w h i ch h e w as en gag ed, a n d t h ose robberi es w ere i n cl u dedi n t h e cal cul ati on of hi s s en t en ce un der th e G u i del i n es. D ecl ou etnow argu es t h at th e use of i n cri m i n ati n g st atem en t s he m ad e du ri n g deb ri ef i n g regardi n g t h e ot h er unc har ge d r o bb e r i e s t o e nhan c e hi s s en t en ce c o ns t i t ut e d ab r e ac h o f t he i m m u n i t y cl au se c on t ai n ed i n t h e pl ea agreem en t . M ore s peci f i cal l y, D ecl ou et contend s, f

or th e f i rstt i m e on ap pea l , t h at th e di st ri ctcou rterred i n rel yi n g on t h e excepti on f

or i n f orm ati o n previ ou sly obtai n ed f rom ot h er s ou rces un der U . S. S. G . § 1B 1. 8(b) ( 1) , urgi ng t hatt he pl ea agr ee m ent di d notc ont ai n suc h an excepti on an d that t h ere i s no basi s un der con tra ctl aw f or r ead i n g such ex cep ti on i n to the plea ag ree m en t. A l t h ou gh D ecl ou etw aivedhi s r i gh tt o ap pea l h i s convic t i on an d sen t en ce as pa r to f

hi s pl e a, t he w aive rdo e s no tpr e ve ntt h i s cou r tf r o m a ddr e s s i ng t he m e r its o f th e is s u e w h e th e r th e G o v e r n m e n t b r e a c h e d th e p le aa g r e e m e n t. S ee Un i t ed S t ate s v. K

ere szt u ry , 2 9 3 F .3 d7 5 0 , 7 5 5 -5 6 (5 th C ir . 2 0 0 2 )); seealso Un i t ed S t ate s v. Pri ce, 95 F . 3d364 , 366 - 68 (5t h C i r. 199 6) . N evert h el ess, becau se th e breach i ssue D ecl ou etnow rais es w as n otp resented to the dis t ri ct c o u r t, r e v ie w is fo rp la in e r r o ro n ly . S ee P u cket tv. Un i t ed S t ate s , ___ S. C t . ___, 20 09 W L 76 33 54 , * 4- 5 (M ar c h 2 5, 2 00 9) . To de m o ns t r at e pl ai n e r r o r , t he ap pel l an tm u stm ak e a four- pron gedsh ow i n g: 1) t h ere m u stbe a deviat i on f rom a l e ga lr ul e t hatw as no ti nt e nt i o nall y ab and o ne d o r af f i r m at ive l y w aive d b y t he a p p e lla n t; 2 ) th e le g a l e r r o rw a s c le a r o r o b v io u s , i.e ., n o t s u bje c t t o re a s o n a b le di spu t e; 3) t h e err or af fect ed h is su bstanti alri gh t s; an d 4) i f t h e f i rstt h ree pron gs are s ati sf

i ed, t h e app el l ate c ou rtha s t h e di scr et i on t o cor rectt h e err or only i f i t se r i ous l y af fec t s “ t he fai r nes s, i nt egr i t y o rpubl i cr eput at i on o f j udi c i al p roce ed i n gs . ” Id . a t *5 (i n te rn a l q u o t a t io n m a rk s a n dcita tion om itted ). D e c l o ue tha s no tm e thi s b ur de n o f de m o ns t r at i ng pl ai n e r r o ra r i s i ng o ut o f t he a l l e ge d b r e ac h of h i s p l e a ag r e e m e nt . H e ur ge s t hatw he t he rt he i n f orm ati on regard i n g t h e un cha rged robberi es c am e f rom ot h er s ou rces pri or t o hi s deb r i e f

i ng i s i r r e l e va ntbe c aus e t he pl e a ag r e e m e ntdoe s no tc o nt ai n t heN o. 08- 30707

3 excepti on s li st ed u n d e r § 1B 1. 8(b) , m ean i n g t h at th e pl ea agreem en tprovi des g r e a te rim m u n ityt h a n § 1 B 1 .8 . A c c o r d in gto D e c lo u e t, th e G o v e r n m e n t c o u ld h a ve ex p ress l y li stedthe e xc ep ti on s con tain edin§ 1 B 1 . 8 inth e p l ea ag ree m en t, a n dth a t, b yfa ilin gt o d o s o , t h e G o v e r n m e n t r e lin q u is h e dt h e m . H o w e v e r , th is c o ur tha s f

o und t hatt he us e o f

i nc r i m i n at i ng s t at e m e nt s m ad e dur i ng de br i e f i ng d idn o t v io la te t h e p le aa g r e e m e n t d e s p ite a n yp r o m is e o f im m u n ity , im p lic itly reasoni n g t h at th e prot ect i on s of § 1B 1. 8 w ere i n corporat ed in to the p l ea a g r e e m e n t. S ee Un i t ed S t ate s v. G i bson , 4 8 F .3d8 7 6 , 8 7 9 (5t h C ir. 1 9 9 5 ). D eclou et co n ten d s th a t G i bson is in a p p o s ite b e c a u s e it d idn o t s p e c ific a lly ad dress th e i ssue presented h ere, t o w i t : w h et h er th e g e n e ra l pri n ci pl es of c o nt r ac tl aw pr o hibit a c o ur tf r o m r e ad i ng i nt o apl e a ag r e e m e ntt he e xc e pt i o ns l i st ed i n § 1B 1. 8(b) w h en t h ey are n ot exp l i cit l y i n corporat ed th erei n . H ow ever, h e a c k n o w le d g e s th a t t h e r e is n o F ifth C ir c u it a u th o r itys u p p o r tin gh is c o nt e nt i o n. A ss um i ng argue ndo t hatG i bson d oe s n ot foreclose D eclou et’ s ar gu m en t, h e h a s n ot sh ow n an y clea r or ob viou s erro r give n the ab sen ce of an y F i fth C ircuitau th ority directlysu p p o rtin gth e co n te n tion th a t th e G o v e rn m e n t w aives t he e xc e pt i o ns l i s t e d i n § 1 B1. 8(b) b y no ts pe c i f i c all y i nc l udi ng t h em i n t he w r itt e n p le aa g r e e m e n t. Se eUn i t e d St at e s v . Sal i nas , 48 0 F . 3 d75 0 , 75 6 ( 5 th C i r . 2007) (“A n er r ori s c ons i der ed pl ai n, orob vi ous , only if the e rror i s c l ear u n d e re x is tin gla w .”); Un itedS ta tes v. Hu ll , 160 F . 3d265 , 272 ( 5th C i r. 199 8 ); se e a lso P u ck ett , 200 9 W L 763 354 at *9 (i n di cat i n g t h at t h ere i s n o clea r or obvious er ror w h en t h e sc op e o f t h e G overnm en t ’ s obl i gati on s un der t h e pl ea a g r e e m en t a re op en to d ou b t) . A ccord i n gly, th e dist ri ct cou rt’ s j u d gm en t is AF F I RMED.