# Patent

## Title
Composite memory having a bridging device for connecting discrete memory devices to a system

## Abstract

A composite memory device including discrete memory devices and a bridge device for controlling the discrete memory devices in response to global memory control signals having a format or protocol that is incompatible with the memory devices. The discrete memory devices can be commercial off-the-shelf memory devices or custom memory devices which respond to native, or local memory control signals. The global and local memory control signals include commands and command signals each having different formats. The composite memory device includes a system in package including the semiconductor dies of the discrete memory devices and the bridge device, or can include a printed circuit board having packaged discrete memory devices and a packaged bridge device mounted thereto.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/105,061 filed Oct. 14, 2008, and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/111,013 filed Nov. 4, 2008, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.


BACKGROUND
Semiconductor memory devices are important components in presently available industrial and consumer electronics products. For example, computers, mobile phones, and other portable electronics all rely on some form of memory for storing data. While many memory devices are typically available as commodity, or discrete memory devices, the need for higher levels of integration and higher input/output (I/O) bandwidth has led to the development of embedded memory, which can be integrated with systems, such as microcontrollers and other processing circuits.
Most consumer electronics employ, non-volatile devices, such as flash memory devices, for storage of data. Demand for flash memory devices has continued to grow significantly because these devices are well suited in various applications that require large amounts of non-volatile storage, while occupying a small physical area. For example, flash is widely found in various consumer devices, such as digital cameras, cell phones, universal serial bus (USB) flash drives and portable music players, to store data used by these devices. Also, flash devices are used as solid state drives (SSDs) for hard disk drive (HDD) replacement. Such portable devices are preferably minimized in form factor size and weight. Unfortunately, multimedia and SSD applications require large amounts of memory which can increase the form factor size and weight of their products. Therefore, consumer product manufacturers compromise by limiting the amount of physical memory included in the product to keep its size and weight acceptable to consumers. Furthermore, while flash memory has a higher density per unit area than DRAM or SRAM, its performance is limited due to its relatively low I/O bandwidth that negatively impacts its read and write throughput.
In order to meet the ever-increasing demand for and ubiquitous nature of applications of memory devices, it is desirable to have high-performance memory devices, i.e., devices having higher I/O bandwidth, higher read & write throughput, and increased flexibility of operations.
SUMMARY
A composite memory device including a bridge device and discrete memory devices is disclosed. The devices are, for example, memory devices, such as flash memories, dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), and static random access memories (SRAMs), DiNOR Flash EEPROM device(s), Serial Flash EEPROM device(s), Ferro RAM device(s), Magneto RAM device(s), Phase Change RAM device(s), or any suitable combination of these and/or other devices.
In an aspect, there is provided a composite memory device comprising at least one discrete memory device and a bridge device. The at least one discrete memory device executes memory operations in response to local memory control signals having a first format. The bridge device receives global memory control signals having a second format and converts the global memory control signals into the local memory control signals.
In an embodiment, the bridge device can include a local input/output port connected to the at least one discrete memory device, a global input port for receiving the global memory control signals, and a global output port for providing one of the global memory control signals and read data from the at least one discrete memory device.
The at least one discrete memory device and the bridge device can be encapsulated in a package. The global input port and the global output port can be electrically coupled to leads of the package. Electrical conductors can be used couple the local input/output port to the at least one discrete memory device. Alternatively, the local input/output port can be wirelessly coupled to the at least one discrete memory device.
In another embodiment, the at least one discrete memory device can be a packaged memory device and the bridge device can be a packaged bridge device. The packaged memory device and the packaged bridge device can be mounted onto a printed circuit board. The local input/output port, the global input port and the global output port can be electrically coupled to leads of the packaged bridge device. The packaged memory device can have memory leads electrically connected to the local input/output port of the packaged bridge device.
In an embodiment, the global memory control signals, in the composite memory device, can be received in a global command. The global command can further include an address header. The address header can include a global device address corresponding to a selected composite memory device and a local device address corresponding to a selected discrete memory device of the at least one discrete memory device in the selected composite memory device.
In an embodiment of the composite memory device, the first format can include a serial data interface format or an ONFi specification interface format and the second format can include an asynchronous flash memory format.
In another aspect, there is provided a memory system comprising a memory controller and n composite memory devices connected serially with each other and the memory controller in a ring topology configuration. The memory controller provides a global command corresponding to a memory operation. Each of the n composite memory devices has m discrete memory devices and a bridge device. The bridge device of a selected composite memory device of the n composite memory devices receives the global command and provides local memory control signals corresponding to the memory operation to a selected discrete memory device of the m discrete memory devices, where n and m are integer values greater than 0.
In an embodiment, each of the n composite memory devices can be a system in package (SIP) or a printed circuit board (PCB). The m discrete memory devices and the bridge device can be packaged devices having package leads connected to conductive tracks in the PCB.
In another embodiment, the bridge device can include a bridge device input/output interface, a format conversion circuit and a memory device interface. The bridge device input/output interface has an input port for receiving the global command and an output port for providing the global command. The bridge device compares the global device address to a predetermined address stored in a global device address register and when the global device address matches the predetermined address, the format conversion circuit converts the global memory control signals of the global command from a first format to the local memory control signals having a second format. The memory device interface then provides the local memory control signals to the selected discrete memory device in response to the local device address.
In an embodiment, the format conversion circuit comprises a command format converter and a data format converter. The command format converter converts the global memory control signals in the first format to the local memory control signals having the second format. The data format converter converts read data from the selected discrete memory device from the second format to the first format. In a write operation, the data format converter converts write data from the first format to the second format.
In yet another embodiment, a composite memory device in the memory system can have different types of discrete memory devices. In such cases, the bridge device can include a number of format conversion circuits corresponding to each type of the different types of discrete memory devices.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein:
FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an example non-volatile memory system;
FIG. 1B is a diagram of a discrete flash memory device used in the example memory system of FIG. 1A;
FIG. 2A is a block diagram of an example serial memory system;
FIG. 2B is a diagram of a discrete serial interface flash memory device used in the example memory system of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3A is a block diagram of a composite memory device having four discrete memory devices and a bridge device in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 3B is an illustration of a global command, according to a present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a bridge device in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of a composite memory device in a package in accordance with another embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a memory system having a number of discrete memory devices connected to a bridge device in a module in accordance with another embodiment; and,
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a memory system having a number of composite memory devices connected to a controller in a serial interconnected memory system in accordance with an embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Generally, the embodiments of the present invention are directed to a composite memory device including discrete memory devices and a bridge device for controlling the discrete memory devices in response to global memory control signals having a format or protocol that is incompatible with the memory devices. The discrete memory devices can be commercial off-the-shelf memory devices or custom memory devices, which respond to native, or local memory control signals. The global and local memory control signals include commands and command signals each having different formats.
In accordance with an embodiment, the bridge device, or chip, includes a bridge device input/output interface; a format conversion circuit; and, a memory device interface. The bridge device input/output interface communicates with a memory controller or another composite memory device in a global format. The format conversion circuit converts global memory control signals from the global format to a local format compatible with discrete memory devices connected to it. The global format is followed only by the global memory control signals received by the bridge devices, while the local format is followed only by the local memory control signals used by the discrete memory devices. Thus the memory device interface communicates with each discrete memory device connected to the bridge device in the local format.
The system and device in accordance with the techniques described herein are applicable to a memory system having a plurality of devices connected in series. The devices are, for example, memory devices, such as dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), static random access memories (SRAMs), flash memories, DiNOR Flash EEPROM memories, Serial Flash EEPROM memories, Ferro RAM memories, Magneto RAM memories, Phase Change RAM memories, and any other suitable type of memory.
Following are descriptions of two different memory devices and systems to facilitate a better understanding of the later described composite memory device and bridge device embodiments.
FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a non-volatile memory system 10 integrated with a host system 12. The system 10 includes a memory controller 14 in communication with host system 12, and a plurality of non-volatile memory devices 16-1, 16-2, 16-3 and 16-4. For example the non-volatile memory devices 16-1-16-4 can be discrete asynchronous flash memory devices. The host system 12 includes a processing device such as a microcontroller, microprocessor, or a computer system. The system 10 of FIG. 1A is organized to include one channel 18, with the memory devices 16-1-16-4 being connected in parallel to channel 18. Those skilled in the art should understand that the system 10 can have more or fewer than four memory devices connected to it. In the presently shown example, the memory devices 16-1-16-4 are asynchronous and connected in parallel with each other.
Channel 18 includes a set of common buses, which include data and control lines that are connected to all of its corresponding memory devices. Each memory device is enabled or disabled with respective chip select (enable) signals CE1#, CE2#, CE3# and CE4#, provided by memory controller 14. In this and following examples, the “#” indicates that the signal is an active low logic level signal. In this scheme, one of the chip select signals is typically selected at one time to enable a corresponding one of the non-volatile memory devices 16-1-16-4. The memory controller 14 is responsible for issuing commands and data, via the channel 18, to a selected memory device in response to the operation of the host system 12. Read data output from the memory devices is transferred via the channel 18 back to the memory controller 14 and host system 12. The system 10 is generally said to include a multi-drop bus, in which the memory devices 16-1-16-4 are connected in parallel with respect to channel 18.
FIG. 1B is a diagram of one of the discrete flash memory devices 16-1-16-4 which can be used in the memory system of FIG. 1A. This flash memory device includes several input and output ports, which include for example power supply, control ports and data ports. The term “ports” refers to a generic input or output terminals into the memory device, which includes package pins, package solder bumps, chip bond pads, and wireless transmitters and receivers for example. The power supply ports include VCC and VSS for supplying power to all the circuits of the flash memory device. Additional power supply ports can be provided for supplying only the input and output buffers, as is well known in the art. Table 1 below provides a listing of the control and data ports, their corresponding descriptions, definitions, and example logic states. It is noted that that package pins and ball grid arrays are physical examples of a port, which is used for interconnecting signals or voltages of a packaged device to a board. The ports can include other types of connections, such as for example, terminals and contacts for embedded and system-in-package (SIP) systems.








TABLE 1





Port
Description







R/B#
Ready/Busy: the R/B# is open drain port and the output signal is used to indicate



the operating condition of the device. The R/B# signal is in Busy state (R/B# =



LOW) during the Program, Erase and Read operations and will return to Ready



state (R/B# = HIGH) after completion of the operation.


CE#
Chip Enable: the device goes into a low-power Standby mode when CE# goes



HIGH during the device is in Ready state. The CE# signal is ignored when device



is in Busy state (R/B# = LOW), such as during a Program or Erase or Read



operation, and will not enter Standby mode even if the CE# input goes HIGH


CLE
Command Latch Enable: the CLE input signal is used to control loading of the



operation mode command into the internal command register. The command is



latched into the command register from the I/O port on the rising edge of the WE#



signal while CLE is HIGH.


ALE
Address Latch Enable (ALE): the ALE signal is used to control loading address



information into the internal address register. Address information is latched into



the address register from the I/O port on the rising edge of the WE# signal while



ALE is HIGH.


WE#
Write Enable: the WE# signal is used to control the acquisition of data from the I/O



port.


RE#
Read Enable: the RE signal controls serial data output. Data is available after the



falling edge of RE#.


WP#
Write Protect: the WP# signal is used to protect the device from accidental



programming or erasing. The internal voltage regulator (high voltage generator) is



reset when WP# is LOW. This signal is usually used for protecting the data during



the power-on/off sequence when input signals are invalid.


I/O[n]
I/O Port: are used as a port for transferring address, command and input/output



data to and from the device. Variable n can be any non-zero integer value.









All the signals noted in Table 1 are generally referred to as the memory control signals for operation of the example flash memory device illustrated in FIG. 1B. It is noted that the last port I/O[n] is considered a memory control signal as it can receive commands which instruct the flash memory device to execute specific operations. Because a command asserted on port I/O[n] is a combination of logic states applied to each individual line making up I/O[n], the logic state of each signal of I/O[n] functions in the same manner as one of the other memory control signals, such as WP# for example. The main difference being that it is a specific combination of I/O[n] logic states controls the flash memory device to perform a function. The commands are received via its I/O ports and the command signals include the remaining control ports. Those skilled in the art understand that operational codes (op codes) are provided in the command for executing specific memory operations. With the exception of the chip enable CE#, all the other ports are coupled to respective global lines that make up channel 18. Individual chip enable signals are provided to each flash memory device by the memory controller 14. All the ports are controlled in a predetermined manner for executing memory operations. This includes signal timing and sequencing of specific control signals while address, command and I/O data is provided on the I/O ports. Therefore, the memory control signals for controlling the asynchronous flash memory device of FIG. 1B has a specific format, or protocol.
Each of the non-volatile memory devices of FIG. 1A has one specific data interface for receiving and providing data. In the example of FIG. 1A, this is a parallel data interface commonly used in asynchronous flash memory devices. Standard parallel data interfaces providing multiple bits of data in parallel are known to suffer from well known communication degrading effects such as cross-talk, signal skew and signal attenuation, for example, which degrades signal quality, when operated beyond their rated operating frequency.
In order to increase data throughput, a memory device having a serial data interface has been disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070153576 entitled “Memory with Output Control”, and commonly owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070076502 entitled “Daisy Chain Cascading Devices” which receives and provides data serially at a frequency, for example, 200 MHz. This is referred to as a serial data interface format. As shown in these commonly owned patent publications, the described memory device can be used in a system of memory devices that are serially connected to each other.
FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating the conceptual nature of a serial memory system. In FIG. 2A, the serial ring-topology memory system 20 includes a memory controller 22 having a set of output ports Sout and a set of input ports Sin, and memory devices 24, 26, 28 and 30 that are connected in series. The memory devices can be serial interface flash memory devices for example. While not shown in FIG. 2A, each memory device has a set of input ports Sin and a set of output ports Sout. These sets of input and output ports includes one or more individual input/output ports, such as physical pins or connections, interfacing the memory device to the system it is a part of. In one example, the memory devices can be flash memory devices. Alternately, the memory devices can be DRAM, SRAM, DiNOR Flash EEPROM, Serial Flash EEPROM, Ferro RAM, Magneto RAM, Phase Change RAM, or any other suitable type of memory device that has an input/output interface compatible with a specific command structure, for executing commands or for passing commands and data through to the next memory device. The current example of FIG. 2A includes four memory devices, but alternate configurations can include a single memory device, or any suitable number of memory devices. Accordingly, if memory device 24 is the first device of the system 20 as it is connected to Sout, then memory device 30 is the Nth or last device as it is connected to Sin, where N is an integer number greater than zero. Memory devices 26 to 28 are then intervening serially connected memory devices between the first and last memory devices. In the example of FIG. 2A, the memory devices 24 to 30 are synchronous and connected in series with each other and the memory controller 22.
FIG. 2B is a diagram of the serial interface flash memory device (24 to 30 for example) which can be used in the memory system of FIG. 2A. This example serial interface flash memory device includes power supply ports, control ports and data ports. The power supply ports include VCC and VSS for supplying power to all the circuits of the flash memory device. Additional power supply ports can be provided for supplying only the input and output buffers, as is well known in the art. Table 2 below provides a listing of the control and data ports, their corresponding descriptions, and example logic states.








TABLE 2





Port
Description







CK/
Clock: CK is the system clock input. CK and CK# are differential clock inputs. All


CK#
commands, addresses, input data and output data are referenced to the crossing



edges of CK and CK# in both directions.


CE#
Chip Enable: When CE# is LOW, the device is enabled. Once the device starts a



Program or Erase operation, the Chip Enable port can be de-asserted. In addition,



CE# LOW activates and CE# HIGH deactivates the internal clock signals.


RST#
Chip Reset: RST# provides a reset for the device. When RST# is HIGH, the device



is on the normal operating mode. When RST# is LOW, the device will enter the



Reset mode.


D[n]
Data Input: (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8) receives command, address and input data. If



the device is configured in ‘1-bit Link mode (=default)’, D1 is the only valid signal



and receives one byte of packet in 8 crossings of CK/CK#. If the device is



configured in ‘2-bit Link mode’, D1 & D2 are only valid signals and receive one



byte of packet in 4 crossings of CK/CK#. Unused input ports are grounded.


Q[n]
Data Output: (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8) transmits output data during read operation. If



device is configured in ‘1-bit Link mode (=default)’, Q1 is the only valid signal and



transmits one byte of packet in 8 crossings of CK/CK#. If the device is configured



in ‘2-bit Link mode’, Q1 & Q2 are the only valid signals and transmit one byte of



packet in 4 crossings of CK/CK#. Unused output ports are DNC (= Do Not



Connect).


CSI
Command Strobe Input: When CSI is HIGH, command, address and input data



through D[n] are latched on the crossing of CK and CK#. When CSI is LOW, the



device ignores input signals from D[n].


CSO
Command Strobe Output: The echo signal CSO is a re-transmitted version of the



source signal CSI.


DSI
Data Strobe Input: Enables the Q[n] buffer when HIGH. When DSI is LOW, the



Q[n] buffer holds the previous data accessed.


DSO
Data Strobe Output: The echo signal DSO is a re-transmitted version of the source



signal DSI.









With the exception of signals CSO, DSO and Q[n], all the signals noted in Table 2 are the memory control signals for operation of the example flash memory device illustrated in FIG. 2B. CSO and DSO are retransmitted versions of CSI and DSI, and Q[n] is an output for providing commands and data. The commands are received via its D[n] ports and the command signals include the control ports RST#, CE#, CK, CK#, CSI and DSI. In the example configuration shown in FIG. 2A, all signals are passed serially from the memory controller 22 to each memory device in series, with the exception of CE# and RST#, which are provided to all the memory devices in parallel. The serial interface flash memory device of FIG. 2B thus receives memory control signals having its own format or protocol, for executing memory operations therein.
Further details of the serially connected memory system of FIG. 2 are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 20090039927 entitled “Clock Mode Determination in a Memory System” filed on Feb. 15, 2008, which describes a serial memory system in which each memory device receives a parallel clock signal, and a serial memory system in which each memory device receives a source synchronous clock signal.
Having both the commonly available asynchronous flash memory devices of FIG. 1B and the serial interface flash memory devices of FIG. 2B allows a memory system manufacturer to provide both types of memory systems. However, this will likely introduce higher cost to the memory system manufacturer since two different types of memory devices must be sourced and purchased. Those skilled in the art understand that the price per memory device decreases when large quantities are purchased, hence large quantities are purchased to minimize the cost of the memory system. Therefore, while a manufacturer can provide both types of memory systems, it bears the risk of having one type of memory device fall out of market demand due the high market demand of the other. This may leave them with purchased supplies of a memory device that cannot be used.
As shown in FIG. 1B and FIG. 2B, the functional port assignments or definitions of the asynchronous and serial interface flash memory devices are substantially different from each other, and are accordingly, incompatible with each other. The functional port definitions and sequence, or timing, of sets of signals used for controlling the discrete memory devices is referred to as a protocol or format. Therefore the asynchronous and serial flash memory devices operate in response to different memory control signal formats. This means that the serial interface flash memory device of FIG. 2B cannot be used in a multi-drop memory system, and correspondingly, the asynchronous flash memory device of FIG. 1B cannot be used in a serial connected ring topology memory system.
Although serial interface flash memory devices as shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are desirable for their improved performance over the asynchronous flash memory devices of FIGS. 1A and 1B, memory system manufacturers may not wish to dispose of their supplies of asynchronous flash memory devices. Furthermore, due to their ubiquitous use in the industry, asynchronous flash memory devices are inexpensive to purchase relative to lesser known alternative flash memory devices such as the serial interface flash memory device of FIG. 2A. Presently, memory system manufacturers do not have a solution for taking advantage of the performance benefits of serially interconnected devices with minimal cost overhead.
At least some example embodiments provide a high performance composite memory device with a high-speed interface chip or a bridge device in conjunction with discrete memory devices, in a multi-chip package (MCP) or system in package (SIP). The bridge device provides an I/O interface with the system it is integrated within, and receives global memory control signals following a global format, and converts the commands into local memory control signals following a native or local format compatible with the discrete memory devices. The bridge device thereby allows for re-use of discrete memory devices, such as NAND flash devices, while providing the performance benefits afforded by the I/O interface of the bridge device. The bridge device can be embodied as a discrete logic die integrated with the discrete memory device dies in the package.
In the present examples, the global format is a serial data format compatible with the serial flash memory device of FIGS. 2A and 2B, and the local format is a parallel data format compatible with the asynchronous flash memory device of FIGS. 1A and 2B. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above example formats, as any pair of memory control signal formats can be used, depending the type of discrete memory devices used in the composite memory device and the type of memory system the composite memory device is used within. For example, the global format of the memory system can follow the Open NAND Flash Interface (ONFi) standard, and the local format can follow the asynchronous flash memory device memory control signal format. For example, on specific ONFi standard is the ONFi 2.0 Specification. Alternatively, the global format can follow the asynchronous flash memory device memory control signal format and the local format can follow the ONFi 2.0 Specification format.
FIG. 3A is a block diagram of a composite memory device, according to a present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3A, composite memory device 100 includes a bridge device 102 connected to four discrete memory devices 104. Each of the discrete memory devices 104 can be asynchronous flash memory devices having a memory capacity of 8 Gb, for example, but any capacity discrete flash memory device can be used instead of 8 Gb devices. Furthermore, composite memory device 100 is not limited to having four discrete memory devices. Any suitable number of discrete memory devices can be included, when bridge device 102 is designed to accommodate the maximum number of discrete memory devices in the composite memory device 100.
Composite memory device 100 has an input port GLBCMD_IN for receiving a global command, and an output port GLBCMD_OUT for passing the received global command and read data. FIG. 3B is a schematic illustrating the hierarchy of a global command, according to a present embodiment. The global command 110 includes global memory control signals (GMCS) 112 having a specific format, and an address header (AH) 114. These global memory control signals 112 provide a memory command and command signals, such as the memory control signals for the serial interface flash memory device of FIG. 2B. The address header 114 includes addressing information used at the system level and the composite memory device level. This additional addressing information includes a global device address (GDA) 116 for selecting a composite memory device to execute an op code in the memory command, and a local device address (LDA) 118 for selecting a particular discrete device within the selected composite memory device to execute the op code. In summary, the global command includes all the memory control signals corresponding to one format, and further addressing information which may be required for selecting or controlling the composite memory device or the discrete memory devices therein.
It is noted that bridge device 102 does not execute the op code or access any memory location with the row and address information. The bridge device 102 uses the global device address 116 to determine if it is selected to convert the received global memory control signals 112. If selected, bridge device 102 then uses the local device address 118 to determine which of the discrete memory devices the converted global memory control signals 112 is sent to. In order to communicate with all four discrete memory devices 104, bridge device 102 includes four sets of local I/O ports (not shown), each connected to a corresponding discrete memory device, as will be discussed later. Each set of local I/O ports includes all the signals that the discrete memory device requires for proper operation, and thereby functions as a local device interface.
Read data is provided by any one of a flash memory device 104 from composite memory device 100, or from a previous composite memory device. In particular, the bridge device 102 can be connected to a memory controller of a memory system, or to another bridge device of another composite memory device in a system of serially interconnected devices. The input port GLBCMD_IN and output port GLBCMD_OUT can be package pins, other physical conductors, or any other circuits for transmitting/receiving the global command signals and read data to and from the composite memory device 100, and in particular, to and from bridge device 102. The bridge device 102 therefore has corresponding connections to the input port GLBCMD_IN and the output port GLBCMD_OUT to enable communication with an external controller, such as memory controller 22 of FIG. 2A, or with the bridge devices from other composite memory devices in the system. As will be shown in the example embodiment of FIG. 7, many composite memory devices can be connected serially to each other.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a bridge device 200 in accordance with an embodiment, which corresponds to the bridge device 102 shown in FIG. 3A. The bridge device 200 has a bridge device input/output interface 202, a memory device interface 204, and a format converter 206. The format converter 206 includes a command format converter 208 for converting global memory control signals, which include global commands and global command signals in a first format to a second format, and a data format converter 210 for converting data between the first format and the second format. The command format converter 208 further includes a state machine (not shown) for controlling the discrete memory devices, such as discrete memory devices 104 of FIG. 3A in accordance with the second format in response to the global memory control signals in the first format.
The bridge device input/output interface 202 communicates with external devices, such as for example, with a memory controller or another composite memory device. The bridge device input/output interface 202 receives global commands from a memory controller or another composite memory device in the global format, such as for example in a serial command format. With further reference to FIG. 3B, logic in the input/output interface 202 processes the global device address 116 of the global command 110 to determine if the global command 110 is addressed to the corresponding composite memory device, and processes the local device address 118 in the global command 110 to determine which of the discrete memory devices of the corresponding composite memory device is to receive the converted command, which includes an op code and optional row and column addresses and optional write data. If the global command is addressed to a discrete memory device connected to bridge device 200, the command format converter 208 in the format converter 206 converts the global memory control signals 112, which provides the op code and command signals and any row and address information from the global format to the local format, and forwards it to the memory device interface 204. If write data is provided to bridge device input/output interface 202 in a serial data format for example, then bridge device input/output interface 202 includes serial-to-parallel conversion circuitry for providing bits of data in parallel format. For read operations, bridge device input/output interface 202 includes parallel-to-serial conversion circuitry for providing bits of data in serial format for output through the GLBCMD_OUT output port.
It is assumed that the global format and the local format are known, hence logic in command format converter 208 is specifically designed to execute the logical conversion of the signals to be compatible with the discrete memory devices 104. It is noted that command format converter 208 can include control logic at least substantially similar to that of a memory controller of a memory system, which is used for controlling the discrete memory devices with memory control signals having a native format. For example, command format converter 208 may include effectively the same control logic of memory controller 14 of FIG. 1A if the discrete memory devices are asynchronous memory devices, such as memory devices 16-1 to 16-4. This means that the control logic in command format converter 208 provides the timing and sequencing of the memory control signals in the local format native to the discrete memory devices.
If the global command corresponds to a data write operation, the data format converter 210 in the format converter 206 converts the data from the global format to the local format, and forwards it to the memory device interface 204. The bits of read or write data do not require logical conversion, hence data format converter 210 ensures proper mapping of the bit positions of the data between the first data format and the second data format. Format converter 206 functions as a data buffer for storing read data from the discrete memory devices or write data received from the bridge device input/output interface 202. Therefore, data width mismatches between the global format and the local format can be accommodated. Furthermore, different data transmission rates between the discrete memory devices and the bridge device 200, and the bridge device 200 and other composite memory devices are accommodated due to the buffering functionality of data format converter 210.
The memory device interface 204 then forwards or communicates the converted command in the local command format to the discrete memory device selected by the local device address 118 in the global command 110 of FIG. 3B. In the present embodiment, the converted command is provided via a command path 212. In an embodiment, command path 212 includes i sets of dedicated local I/O ports LCCMD-i, or channels, connected between each discrete memory device in the composite memory device and the memory device interface 204. The variable i is an integer number corresponding to the number of discrete memory devices in the composite memory device. For example, each LCCMD-i channel includes all the ports shown in FIG. 1B and Table 1.
Following is a description of example operations of bridge device 200, with further reference to the composite memory device 100 of FIG. 3A. For a read operation, a global command, such as a global read command arriving at the bridge device input/output interface 202 through input port GLBCMD_IN. This global read command includes the global memory control signals that provide an op code and row and column information in the global format, for data to be read out from a discrete memory device 104 connected to the bridge device 200. Once the bridge device input/output interface 202 determines that it has been selected for the global read command by comparing the global device address 116 to a predetermined address of the composite memory device 100, the command format converter 208 converts the global read command into the local format compatible with the discrete memory device 104 on which the read data command is to be executed. As will be described later, the composite memory device can have an assigned address. The local device address 118 of the global read command is forwarded to the memory device interface 204, and the converted read data command is provided to the discrete memory device addressed by the local device address via a corresponding set of local I/O ports of the command path 212.
Data referred to as read data, is read from the selected discrete memory device 104 and provided to the data format converter 210 via the same local I/O ports of memory device interface 204 in the local format. The data format converter 210 then converts the read data from the local format to the global format and provides the read data from the selected discrete memory device 104 to the memory controller through output port GLBCMD_OUT of bridge device interface 202. Bridge device interface 202 includes internal switching circuitry for coupling either the read data from data format converter 210 or the input port GLBCMD_IN to the output port GLBCMD_OUT.
FIG. 3A described above is a functional representation of a composite memory device, according to one embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a composite memory device manufactured as a system in package (SIP), which corresponds to the composite memory device shown in FIG. 3A, according to another embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a composite memory device stacked in a package. The package 300 includes bridge device 302 corresponding to bridge device 102 of FIG. 3A, and four discrete memory devices 304 corresponding respectively to discrete memory devices 104 also from FIG. 3A. In the present embodiment, these devices are fabricated semiconductor chips, or dies. The bridge device 302 communicates with memory devices 304 via memory device interface 306 in a local format such as the parallel asynchronous NAND format for example. The bridge device 302 communicates with a memory controller (not shown) or with another composite memory devices' bridge device via the bridge device input/output interface 308 in a global format, such as for example, the previously described serial data format. The format converter 310 includes the previously mentioned command format converter 208 and data format converter 210 of FIG. 3A, for providing uni-directional command format conversion and bi-directional data format conversion between itself and the discrete memory devices 304.
In the presently shown example, the composite memory device package 300 is referred to as an SIP system, or a multi-chip package (MCP) system. The package encapsulates bridge device 302 and all four discrete memory devices 304. Local communication terminals, represented by wires 312, connect the I/O ports of each discrete memory device 304 to the memory device interface 306 of bridge device 302. Each wire 312 represents one channel LCCMD-i carrying all the signals corresponding to the local format. One example local format is the asynchronous flash memory format including the signals shown in Table 1. Global communication terminals, represented by wires 314 and 316 connect input port GLBCMD_IN and output port GLBCMD_OUT respectively, to package leads 318 via optional package substrate 320. The physical arrangement of bridge device 302 and discrete memory devices 304 relative to each other depends on the position of the bond pads of discrete memory devices 304 and the position of the bond pads of the bridge device 302.
In the presently shown example in FIG. 5, the discrete memory devices 304 are placed with their bond pads facing in the upwards direction and stacked upon each other in a staggered step pattern for exposure so as not to obstruct the bond pads of the devices which are located proximate to an edge of the chip. Bridge device 302 is placed with its bond pads facing in the upwards direction, and is stacked on the upper-most discrete memory device 304 of the stack. Other configurations are possible, depending on the placement of the discrete memory device bond pads, and different communication terminals can be used instead of bond wires. For example, wireless communication via inductive coupling technology can be used, or through silicon via (TSV) interconnection can be used instead of bond wires. Commonly owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 20090020855 entitled “Method for Stacking Serially-Connected Integrated Circuits and Multi-Chip Device Made from Same” shows a technique for stacking chips together. Also, bridge device 302 does not contribute significantly to the size of the stack in the package 300. Accordingly, it should be clear persons skilled in the art that composite memory device 300 occupies minimal area in a larger system, while providing high storage capacity.
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the composite memory device of FIG. 3A, formed as a module or on a printed circuit board (PCB). As shown in FIG. 6, composite memory device 400 includes a bridge device 402 and four discrete memory devices 404. The bridge device 402 and the discrete memory devices 404 are packaged devices, meaning that each encapsulates a semiconductor die and has package leads bonded to preformed conductive tracks in the PCB. The bridge device 402 is connected to individual discrete memory devices 402 via the conductive tracks organized as dedicated local I/O ports LCCMD-i for each memory device 404. The module or the PCB including the bridge device includes an input port GLBCMD_IN, for receiving global commands, and an output port GLBCMD_OUT for providing read data and global commands received at the input port. These input and output ports can be connected to a controller (not shown) or to other composite memory devices.
The composite memory device embodiments of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 can be used in a memory system, such as the serial memory system of FIG. 2A, according to another embodiment. Hence, the memory system 500 of FIG. 7 is similar to the serial memory system 20 of FIG. 2A. Memory system 500 includes a memory controller 502 and composite memory devices 504-1 to 504-j, where j is an integer number. The individual composite memory devices 504-1-504-j are serially interconnected with the memory controller 502. Similar to system 20 of FIG. 2A, composite memory device 504-1 is the first composite memory device of memory system 500 as it is connected to an output port Sout of memory controller 410, and memory device 504-n is the last device as it is connected to an input port Sin of memory controller 410. Composite memory devices 504-2 to 504-7 are then intervening serially connected memory devices connected between the first and last composite memory devices. The Sout port provides a global command in a global format. The Sin port receives read data in the global format, and the global command as it propagates through all the composite memory devices.
Each of the composite memory devices shown in FIG. 7 is similar to the composite memory device 100 shown in FIG. 3A. Each of the composite memory devices has a bridge device 102 and four discrete memory devices 104. As was previously described, each bridge device 102 in each of the composite memory device is connected to respective discrete memory devices 104, and to either the memory controller 502 and/or a previous or subsequent composite memory device in the serial-ring topology or serial interconnection configuration. The function of each composite memory device 504-1 to 504-j is the same as previously described for the embodiments of FIG. 3A and FIG. 4.
In memory system 500, each composite memory device is assigned a unique global device address. This unique global device address can be stored in a device address register of the bridge device 102, and more specifically in a register of the input/output interface 202 of the bridge device block diagram shown in FIG. 4. This address can be assigned automatically during a power up phase of memory system 500 using a device address assignment scheme, as described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 20080192649 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Producing Identifiers Regardless of Mixed Device Type in a Serial Interconnection”. Furthermore, each composite memory device 504 can include a discrete device register for storing information about the number of discrete memory devices in each composite memory device 504. Thus during the same power up phase of operation, the memory controller can query each discrete device register and record the number of discrete memory devices within each composite memory device. Hence the memory controller can selectively address individual discrete memory devices 104 in each composite memory device 504 of memory system 500.
A description of the operation of memory system 500 follows, using an example where composite memory device 504-3 is to be selected for executing a memory operation. In the present example, memory system 500 is a serially connected memory system similar to the system shown in FIG. 2, and each of the discrete memory devices 104 are assumed to be asynchronous NAND flash memory devices. Therefore the bridge devices 102 in each of the composite memory devices 504-1 to 504-j are designed for receiving global commands in a global format issued by memory controller 502, and converting them into a local format compatible with the NAND flash memory devices. It is further assumed that memory system has powered up and addresses for each composite memory device have been assigned.
The memory controller 502 issues a global command from its Sout port, which includes a global device address 116 corresponding to composite memory device 504-3. The first composite memory device 504-1 receives the global command, and its bridge device 102 compares its assigned global device address to that in the global command. Because the global device addresses mismatch, bridge device 102 for composite memory device ignores the global command and passes the global command to the input port of composite memory device 504-2. The same action occurs in composite memory device 504-2 since its assigned global device address mismatches the one in the global command. Accordingly, the global command is passed to composite memory device 504-3.
The bridge device 102 of composite memory device 504-3 determines a match between its assigned global device address and the one in the global command. Therefore, bridge device 102 of composite memory device 504-3 proceeds to convert the local memory control signals into the local format compatible with the NAND flash memory devices. The bridge device then sends the converted command to the NAND flash memory device selected by the local device address 118, which is included in the global command. The selected NAND flash device then executes the operation corresponding to the local memory control signals it has received.
While bridge device 102 of composite memory device 504-3 is converting the global command, it passes the global command to the next composite memory device. The remaining composite memory devices ignore the global command, which is eventually received at the Sin port of memory controller 502. If the global command corresponds to a read operation, the selected NAND flash memory device of composite memory device 504-3 provides read data to its corresponding bridge device 102 in the local format. Bridge device 102 then converts the read data into the global format, and passes it through its output port to the next composite memory device. The bridge devices 102 of all the remaining composite memory devices pass the read data to the Sin port of memory controller 502. Those skilled in the art should understand that other global commands may be issued for executing the read operation, all of which are converted by the bridge device 102 of selected composite memory device 102.
In the present embodiment, the global command is propagated to all the composite memory devices in memory system 500. According to an alternate embodiment, the bridge devices 102 include additional logic for inhibiting the global command from propagating to further composite memory devices in the memory system 500. More specifically, once the selected composite memory device determines that the global device is addressed to it, its corresponding bridge device 102 drives its output ports to a null value, such as a fixed voltage level of VSS or VDD for example. Therefore, the remaining unselected composite memory devices conserve switching power since they would not execute the global command. Details of such a power saving scheme for a serially connected memory system are described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 20080201588 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Producing Identifiers Regardless of Mixed Device Type in a Serial Interconnection”, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The previously described embodiment of FIG. 7 illustrates a memory system where each composite memory device 504-1 to 504-N having the same type of discrete memory devices therein, such as for example asynchronous NAND flash memory devices. This is referred to as a homogeneous memory system because all the composite memory devices are the same. In alternate embodiments, a heterogeneous memory system is possible, where different composite memory devices have different types of discrete memory devices. For example, some composite memory devices include asynchronous NAND flash memory devices while others can include NOR flash memory devices. In such an alternate embodiment, all the composite memory devices follow the same global format, but internally, each composite memory device has its bridge device 200 designed to convert the global format memory control signals to the local format memory control signals corresponding to the NOR flash memory devices or NAND flash memory devices.
In yet other embodiments, a single composite memory device could have different types of discrete memory devices. For example, a single composite memory device could include two asynchronous NAND flash memory devices and two NOR flash memory devices. This “mixed” or “heterogeneous” composite memory device can follow the same global format described earlier, but internally, its bridge device can be designed to convert the global format memory control signals to the local format memory control signals corresponding to the NAND flash memory devices and the NOR flash memory devices.
Such a bridge device can include one dedicated format converter for each of the NAND flash memory device and the NOR flash memory device, which can be selected by previously described address information provided in the global command. As described with respect to FIG. 3B, the address header 114 includes addressing information used at the system level and the composite memory device level. This additional addressing information includes a global device address (GDA) 116 for selecting a composite memory device to execute an op code in the memory command, and a local device address (LDA) 118 for selecting a particular discrete device within the selected composite memory device to execute the op code. The bridge device can have a selector that uses LDA 118 to determine which of the two format converters the global command should be routed to.
The previously described embodiments of the composite memory device show how discrete memory devices responsive to memory control signals of one format can be controlled using global memory control signals having a second and different format. According to an alternate embodiment, the bridge device 200 can be designed to receive global memory control signals having one format, for providing local memory control signals having the same format to the discrete memory devices. In other words, such a composite memory device is configured to receive memory control signals that are used to control the discrete memory devices. Such a configuration allows multiple discrete memory devices to each function as a memory bank operating independently of the other discrete memory device in the composite memory device. Therefore, each discrete memory device can receive its commands from the bridge device 200, and proceed to execute operations substantially in parallel with each other. This is also referred to as concurrent operations. The design of bridge device 200 is therefore simplified, as no command conversion circuitry is required.
The previously described embodiments illustrate how discrete memory devices in a composite memory device can respond to a foreign command format. This is achieved through the bridge device that converts the received global command into a native command format compatible with the discrete memory devices. By example, a serial command format can be converted into an asynchronous NAND flash format. The embodiments are not limited to these two formats, as any pair of command formats can be converted from one to the other.
In the preceding description, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known electrical structures and circuits are shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is herein referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is herein referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (i.e., “between” versus “directly between”, “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent”, etc.).
Figures in this application are not necessarily to scale. For example, in FIG. 5 the relative sizes of the bridge device 302 and discrete memory devices 304 are not to scale, and a fabricated bridge device is orders of magnitude smaller in area than the discrete memory devices 304.
Certain adaptations and modifications of the described embodiments can be made. Therefore, the above-discussed embodiments are considered to be illustrative and not restrictive.

## Claims

1. A composite memory device comprising:
at least one discrete memory device for executing memory operations in response to local memory control signals having a first format, and
a bridge device for receiving global memory control signals having a second format and for converting the global memory control signals into the local memory control signals.

2. The composite memory device of claim 1, wherein the bridge device includes
a local input/output port connected to the at least one discrete memory device,
a global input port for receiving the global memory control signals, and
a global output port for providing one of the global memory control signals and read data from the at least one discrete memory device.

3. The composite memory device of claim 2, wherein the at least one discrete memory device and the bridge device are encapsulated in a package.

4. The composite memory device of claim 3, wherein the global input port and the global output port are electrically coupled to leads of the package.

5. The composite memory device of claim 4, wherein electrical conductors couple the local input/output port to the at least one discrete memory device.

6. The composite memory device of claim 4, wherein the local input/output port is wirelessly coupled to the at least one discrete memory device.

7. The composite memory device of claim 2, wherein the at least one discrete memory device is a packaged memory device and the bridge device is a packaged bridge device.

8. The composite memory device of claim 7, wherein the packaged memory device and the packaged bridge device are mounted onto a printed circuit board.

9. The composite memory device of claim 8, wherein the local input/output port, the global input port and the global output port are electrically coupled to leads of the packaged bridge device.

10. The composite memory device of claim 8, wherein the packaged memory device has memory leads electrically connected to the local input/output port of the packaged bridge device.

11. The composite memory device of claim 1, wherein the global memory control signals are received in a global command, the global command further including an address header.

12. The composite memory device of claim 11, wherein the address header includes a global device address corresponding to a selected composite memory device and a local device address corresponding to a selected discrete memory device of the at least one discrete memory device in the selected composite memory device.

13. The composite memory device of claim 1, wherein the first format includes a serial data interface format and the second format includes an asynchronous flash memory format.

14. The composite memory device of claim 1, wherein the first format includes an ONFi specification interface format and the second format includes an asynchronous flash memory format.

15. A memory system comprising:
a memory controller for providing a global command corresponding to a memory operation; and
n composite memory devices connected serially with each other and the memory controller in a ring topology configuration, each of the n composite memory devices having m discrete memory devices and a bridge device, the bridge device of a selected composite memory device of the n composite memory devices receiving the global command for providing local memory control signals corresponding to the memory operation to a selected discrete memory device of the m discrete memory devices, where n and m are integer values greater than 0.

16. The memory system of claim 15, wherein each of the n composite memory devices is a system in package (SIP).

17. The memory system of claim 15, wherein each of the n composite memory devices is a printed circuit board (PCB) and the m discrete memory devices and the bridge device are packaged devices having package leads connected to conductive tracks in the PCB.

18. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the global command includes global memory control signals having a first format, and an address header for addressing the selected composite memory device and the selected discrete memory device.

19. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the address header includes a global device address corresponding to the selected composite memory device and a local device address corresponding to the selected discrete memory device.

20. The memory system of claim 19, wherein the bridge device includes
a bridge device input/output interface having an input port for receiving the global command and an output port for providing the global command, the bridge device comparing the global device address to a predetermined address stored in a global device address register;
a format conversion circuit for converting the global memory control signals of the global command from a first format to the local memory control signals having a second format when the global device address matches the predetermined address; and,
a memory device interface for providing the local memory control signals to the selected discrete memory device in response to the local device address.

21. The memory system of claim 20, wherein the format conversion circuit comprises:
a command format converter for converting the global memory control signals in the first format to the local memory control signals having the second format; and
a data format converter for converting read data from the selected discrete memory device from the second format to the first format.

22. The memory system of claim 20, wherein the global command further includes write data, and the format conversion circuit comprises:
a command format converter for converting the global memory control signals in the first format to the local memory control signals having the second format; and
a data format converter for converting the write data from the first format to the second format.

23. The memory system of claim 20, wherein the m discrete memory devices include discrete memory devices of different types, and the bridge device includes a number of format conversion circuits corresponding to each of the different types of discrete memory devices.

24. A composite memory device package comprising:
at least one discrete memory device for executing memory operations in response to local memory control signals having a first format; and
a bridge device for receiving global memory control signals having a second format and for converting the global memory control signals into the local memory control signals, the bridge device and the at least one discrete memory device being positioned in a stacked manner in relation to each other.

25. The composite memory device package of claim 24, wherein the bridge device is stacked on top of the at least one discrete memory device.

26. The composite memory device package of claim 24, wherein the composite memory device package includes a plurality of discrete memory devices, each of the plurality of discrete memory devices being stacked upon each other in a staggered step pattern to expose bond pads of each of the plurality of discrete memory devices.

27. The composite memory device package of claim 26, wherein the plurality of discrete memory devices are asynchronous NAND flash memory devices.

28. A memory module comprising:
at least one packaged discrete memory device having memory device leads bonded to conductive tracks of a printed circuit board, the at least one packaged memory device for executing memory operations in response to local memory control signals having a first format; and
a packaged bridge device having bridge device leads bonded to the conductive tracks of the printed circuit board, the at least one packaged bridge device for receiving global memory control signals having a second format and for converting the global memory control signals into the local memory control signals.

29. The memory module of claim 28, wherein the packaged bridge device includes:
a memory device interface having a local input/output port connected to the at least one packaged discrete memory device; and,
a bridge device input/output interface having:
a global input port to receive the global memory control signals, and
a global output port to provide one of the global memory control signals and read data from the at least one discrete memory device.

30. The memory module of claim 29, wherein local communication terminals electrically couple input/output ports of the at least one packaged discrete memory device to the local input/output port of the memory device interface of the packaged bridge device via pre-formed conductive tracks of the printed circuit board.

31. The memory module of claim 29, wherein global communication terminals electrically couple the global input port and the global output port of the bridge device input/output interface to pre-formed conductive tracks of the printed circuit board.

32. The memory module of claim 29, wherein a channel of local communication terminals electrically couple a clock signal from a clock port of the memory device interface and a plurality of parallel data input/output ports of the memory device interface to one of the plurality of packaged memory devices.