In the United States Court of Federal Claims 

OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS

No. 05-266V 

Filed: December 29, 2014 

To Be Published 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

BOB and CARMEL MOONEY, parents * 

of E.L.M., a minor child, * Autism; Attorney Fees and Costs; 

 Petitioners, * Excessive and Unreasonable Fees; 

v. * Excessive Costs; Hourly Rate 

 * 

SECRETARY OF HEALTH * 

AND HUMAN SERVICES, * 

 Respondent. * 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

Michael Cave, Esq., Cave Law Firm, Baton Rouge, LA, for petitioners. 

Alexis Babcock, Esq., U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent. 

DECISION AWARDING ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS1

Vowell, Chief Special Master: 

In response to petitioners’ motion for a decision on the record in this case, I 

issued a decision dismissing their claim on December 19, 2013. On April 23, 2014, 

petitioners filed an application for final attorney’s fees and costs. I find that the claim 

was brought in good faith and upon a reasonable basis and, for the reasons set forth 

below, that an award of fees and costs in the amount of $44,089.37 is appropriate. 

I. Procedural History. 

On February 28, 2005, Mr. and Mrs. Mooney filed a short-form petition, 

authorized by Autism General Order #1,2 for compensation under the National Vaccine 

 

1

 Because this published decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, it will be 

posted on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website, in accordance with the E-Government Act 

of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-347, § 205, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501 

note (2006)). In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to 

delete medical or other information, the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of 

privacy. If, upon review, I agree that the identified material fits within this definition, I will delete such 

material from public access. 

2

 Autism General Order #1 is published at 2002 WL 31696785 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 3, 2002). 
2 

Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-10, et seq.

3

 [the “Vaccine Act” or 

“Program”], on behalf of their minor daughter, E.L.M. By filing a short-form petition, 

petitioners joined the Omnibus Autism Program [“OAP”],4

 thereby asserting that E.L.M. 

had an autism spectrum disorder [“ASD”] and that one or more vaccines listed on the 

Vaccine Injury Table5 were causal of this condition. 

After the conclusion of the OAP test cases, petitioners were ordered to inform the 

court if they intended to continue to pursue their claim. Order, issued April 29, 2011. 

On May 23, 2011, petitioners requested an extension of time to amend their petition, 

which was granted (Order, issued May 27, 2011), and on July 18, 2011, petitioners filed 

an amended petition that alleged a Table encephalopathy. During an August 17, 2011 

status conference, I noted that the filed records did not appear to support a Table 

encephalopathy claim. See Order, issued August 18, 2011. Petitioners filed a second 

amended petition on April 13, 2012, one virtually identical to the first amended petition. 

Amended Petition II. 

 Petitioners requested a hearing to establish the factual predicate for their Table 

claim, which was conducted in Sacramento, California, on July 26, 2012. On July 3, 

2013, I issued a combined Ruling on Facts and Order to Show Cause, in which I 

determined that the evidence failed to establish that E.L.M. suffered a Table 

encephalopathy and ordered petitioners to show cause by August 2, 2013, why I should 

not dismiss this case for a failure to establish entitlement to compensation. 

 Petitioners filed a response requesting that the “Court enter what is necessary in 

order for petitioners to exercise their right to appeal.” Petitioners’ Response to Order to 

Show Cause at 1, filed Jul. 22, 2013. Noting that factual findings do not constitute an 

appealable decision, respondent suggested in her response that I issue a renewed 

show cause order or dismiss the case for failure to prosecute. See Respondent’s 

Response, filed Aug. 12, 2013. After I issued a renewed show cause order, petitioners 

filed a motion for a decision on the record. Motion, filed August 29, 2013. 

 On December 19, 2013, I dismissed petitioners’ case for failure to establish 

entitlement to an award. Petitioners did not file a motion for review. 

 Petitioners applied for final attorney’s fees and costs on April 23, 2014. [“Fee 

App.”] Respondent filed her response on May 9, 2014 [“Response”], and petitioners filed 

a reply brief [“Reply”] on May 19, 2014. 

 

3

 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755 (1986). Hereinafter, 

for ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. 

§ 300aa (2006). 

4

 The OAP is discussed in detail in Dwyer v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 03-1202V, 2010 WL 892250, at *3 (Fed. Cl. 

Spec. Mstr. Mar. 12, 2010). 

5

 42 C.F.R. § 100.3 (2011). 
3 

II. Applicable Law. 

The Vaccine Act is extraordinarily generous in its provisions for payment of fees 

and costs. Motivated by a desire to ensure that petitioners have adequate assistance 

from counsel when pursuing their claims, Congress permitted the special masters to 

award attorneys’ fees and costs even in unsuccessful vaccine claims. H.R. REP. No. 

99-908, at 22 reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 6344, 6363; see also Cloer v. Sec’y, HHS, 

133 S.Ct. 1886, 1895 (2013); Saunders v. Sec’y, HHS, 25 F.3d 1031, 1036 (Fed. Cir. 

1994). 

As Judge Lettow has noted, “the Vaccine Program employs a liberal fee-shifting 

scheme.” Davis v. Sec’y, HHS, 105 Fed. Cl. 627, 634 (2012). It may be the only 

federal fee-shifting statute that permits unsuccessful litigants to recover fees and costs. 

In more than 25 years of Vaccine Act litigation, very few unsuccessful litigants have 

been denied fees and costs awards, so long as jurisdictional requirements for payment 

were met. See Jessen v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 94-1029V, 1997 WL 48940, at *4-5 (Fed. Cl. 

Spec. Mstr. Jan. 17, 1997) (providing a detailed discussion of the fee structure under 

the Vaccine Act and its effect on the behavior and motivation of attorneys practicing in 

the Vaccine Program). Fees and costs may now be awarded even in untimely-filed 

cases. Cloer, 133 S.Ct. at 1895. 

However, the Act limits payment to “reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs.” 

42 U.S.C. § 300aa-15(e)(1). The initial determination of reasonable fees is made using 

the lodestar method, in which a reasonable hourly rate is multiplied by the reasonable 

number of hours, to determine the amount of attorneys’ fees to be awarded. Blanchard 

v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87, 94 (1989) ("The initial estimate of a reasonable attorney's fee 

is properly calculated by multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on the 

litigation times a reasonable hourly rate" (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 

(1984)); see also Avera v. Sec’y, HHS, 515 F.3d 1343, 1347-48 (Fed. Cir. 2008). The 

lodestar calculation may be adjusted upward or downward, “based on other specific 

findings.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1343 (citing Blum, 465 U.S. at 888). This standard for 

calculating attorneys’ fees “is generally applicable in all cases in which Congress has 

authorized an award of fees.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433, n.7 (1983). 

In Avera, the Federal Circuit held that an attorney’s reasonable hourly rate is "the 

prevailing market rate," which is defined as the rate "prevailing in the community for 

similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience, and reputation." 

515 F.3d at 1348 (quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 895, n.11). The "prevailing market rate" is 

determined using the "forum rule." Avera, 515 F.3d at 1349 ("to determine an award of 

attorneys' fees, a court in general should use the forum rate in the lodestar calculation"). 

The forum rule dictates that the reasonable hourly rate be based on the rates paid to 

similarly qualified attorneys where the court sits, which in Vaccine Act litigation is 
4 

Washington, DC. Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348; see also Sabella v. Sec’y, HHS, 86 Fed. Cl. 

201, 205 (2009).6

In adopting the forum rule, the Federal Circuit also held that the Davis7 exception 

to the forum rule applied in cases where the majority of an attorney’s work is completed 

outside of the District of Columbia in a legal market where the prevailing attorneys’ rates 

are “substantially lower.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1349. In Davis-exception cases, the 

appropriate rate of compensation is determined by using the prevailing market rate from 

the attorney’s geographic location in the lodestar calculation. Id. 

In the instant case, all of the legal services were provided outside of Washington, 

DC. Ordinarily, this would trigger the requirement to determine both the forum and local 

rates and to compare the two rates to determine whether the Davis exception to the 

forum rule applies.8 Here, however, respondent has asserted Baton Rouge rates 

should apply because “the rates charged in this legal market appear to be significantly 

lower” than those of the forum, Washington, DC. Response at 4. In their reply brief, 

petitioners did not challenge this assertion. Moreover, the only evidence either party 

produced regarding hourly rates was focused exclusively on various legal services 

rendered in the Baton Rouge area.9 I conclude that the parties have therefore 

conceded that the Davis exception to Avera applies in this case. 

 

6

 Prior to the Avera decision, special masters generally used the “local rate” to determine a reasonable 

hourly rate to award. The “local rate” was determined based on the attorney’s location and his or her 

billing rate there for similar services. See Avera v. Sec'y, HHS, 75 Fed. Cl. 400, 405-06 (2007). 

7 Davis County Solid Waste Management and Energy Recovery Special Service District v. United States 

Environmental Protection Agency, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C.Cir. 1999). 

8

 Services in most Vaccine Act cases are rendered outside the forum, which the Federal Circuit has 

determined to be the District of Columbia. Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348. Although 400-650 claims have been 

filed annually since 2010, only a small number of cases involve hearings or other extensive proceedings 

and only about half of these hearings occur within the District of Columbia. For this reason, the Federal 

Circuit’s adoption of the Davis exception considerably complicates the determination of the correct hourly 

rate in fees cases in the Vaccine Program. Thus, in most fees disputes over the hourly rate, the Avera

methodology requires the special master to determine both the forum rate and the prevailing local rate. 

The special master must then compare the two rates to decide whether there is a “very significant 

difference in compensation” favoring the forum (the language used in Davis (169 F.3d at 758) or whether 

the local rate is “substantially lower” (the language used in Avera, 515 F.3d at 1349). In a compensation 

program involving all vaccine injury claims filed nationwide, and where very few petitioners’ counsel are 

located in the forum, this three-step evaluation process can be difficult and cumbersome to perform. 

9

 In support of their fee application, petitioners filed an affidavit from Michael L. Cave, an affidavit from 

another Louisiana attorney, Robert W. Barton, and a report detailing the hours and costs of Mr. Cave’s 

legal representation. Both of petitioners’ affidavits focused exclusively on fees in the Baton Rouge area. 

In their reply brief, petitioners also attached a United States Consumer Law Attorney Fee Survey Report 

(2010-2011) (“Attorney Fee Survey”), which listed average hourly rates for attorneys with various years of 

experience practicing consumer law. Petitioners’ Exhibit [“Pet. Ex.”]. A at 26. Petitioners only included 

information on the “South Region,” which the index of regions indicated included Alabama, Arkansas, 

Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The “Atlantic 

Region,” which included the District of Columbia, was omitted. Pet. Ex. A at 6. Respondent submitted an 

affidavit from Catherine Maraist, the Chief of the Civil Division, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Middle District of 
5 

In determining the number of hours reasonably expended, a court must exclude 

hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at 

434; see also Carrington v. Sec’y, HHS, 85 Fed. Cl. 319, 323 (2008) (noting that 

excessive hours should be excluded from an award). However, special masters are not 

required to perform a line-by-line analysis of the billing records. Broekelschen v. Sec’y, 

HHS, 102 Fed. Cl. 719, 729 (2011). 

A special master has broad discretion in determining the reasonableness of a 

request for attorneys’ fees. See Avera, 515 F.3d at 1347. Petitioners have the burden 

to demonstrate that the hourly rate requested is reasonable. See Blum, 465 U.S. at 895 

n.11 (“the burden is on the fee applicant to produce satisfactory evidence—in addition to 

the attorney's own affidavits—that the requested rates are in line with those prevailing in 

the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, 

experience and reputation”).

III. Discussion. 

Petitioners requested a total award of $53,050.00 in attorneys’ fees and 

$4,072.27 in costs for work performed by petitioners’ counsel, Michael Cave. Pet. Ex. C

at 1, 7. Respondent asserted that petitioners’ request is “excessive and unreasonable” 

(Response at 2), because the requested hourly rate is not reasonable, the billing for 

time spent on some tasks should be reduced, and some of petitioners’ requested costs 

are excessive. See Response. Respondent urges me to use my discretion and 

experience to reduce petitioners’ request to a reasonable amount. Id. 

To resolve this dispute, I must first determine a reasonable hourly rate for Mr. 

Cave. I must then determine the number of hours reasonably expended on tasks 

requiring a lawyer’s skill and expertise and the number of hours to which a paralegal 

rate should apply. Finally, I must decide whether the costs claimed are reasonable and 

compensable. 

A. Reasonable Hourly Rate. 

The hourly rate to be awarded is the primary issue in this dispute. Petitioners 

initially requested an hourly rate of $300.00 for all the work performed by Mr. Cave in 

this case. Affidavit [“Aff.”] of Michael L. Cave at ¶ 7. Respondent requested that I 

award an hourly rate in the range of $175.00 to $225.00. Response at 5. In their reply 

 

Louisiana, addressing her knowledge of the local market rates in the area in which petitioners’ counsel 

practices. In addition, respondent cited recent federal court decisions addressing hourly rates for tort 

litigation in the Baton Rouge area. Stogner v. Sturdivant, No. CIV.A. 10-125-JJB-CN, 2011 WL 6140670 

at *2 (M.D. La. Dec. 9, 2011); Kador v. City of New Roads, No. CIV.A. 07-682-DM2, 2010 WL 4638429 at 

*1 (M.D. La. Nov. 9, 2010); Monaghan v. United Rentals, No. 3:09-627, 2012 WL 832284 at *3 (M.D. La. 

March 9, 2012). 
6 

brief, petitioners reduced their requested hourly rate to $275.00 for work performed 

between 2005 and 2010. Reply at 5. 

Mr. Cave is a principal in the law firm of Cave Law Firm, L.L.C., in Baton Rouge, 

LA. Aff. of Michael L. Cave at ¶ 1. He has been practicing law for 15 years, since 1999. 

Id. at ¶ 3. Based on data from the court’s case management and electronic filing 

system [“CM/ECF”], he was admitted to the bar of the Court of Federal Claims on 

January 2, 2003. He filed his first cases in the Vaccine Program in late 2002,10 when he 

had been in practice for three years. Between 2002 and 2008, he filed 35 cases,11 12 of 

which were consolidated and dismissed in 2005 as filed outside the statute of 

limitations. See Herbert v. Sec’y, HHS, 66 Fed. Cl. 43 (2005) (lead case). Since 2006, 

he has filed six non-OAP cases. 

Outside the Vaccine Program, Mr. Cave primarily practices in the fields of 

“complex drug and product liability, medical negligence, railroad negligence, admiralty, 

and personal injury litigation.” Aff. of Michael L. Cave at ¶ 4. He seems to be in a small 

family practice with one other attorney, who appears to be a relative, possibly his father. 

See http://www.legaldirectories.com/Cave-Law-Firm-A-PLC-28039-Frm.aspx. 

The “local rate,” which is “the prevailing market rate” for Mr. Cave’s geographic 

location, Baton Rouge, LA, is determined by comparing Mr. Cave’s requested rates to 

“similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience, and reputation." 

Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348 (quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 895, n.11). Unfortunately, there is 

relatively little guidance about how to determine “the prevailing market rate” for “similar 

services.” See Information Sciences Corp. v. United States, 86 Fed. Cl. 269, 291 

(2009) (noting that although the Supreme Court held that paralegal fees are to be 

awarded at “prevailing market rates,” Richlin Sec. Service Co. v. Chertoff, 553 U.S. 571, 

590 (2007), the Court “did not provide trial courts with guidance in how to determine ‘the 

prevailing market rate’”). To determine the local rate, I first must determine what 

constitutes “similar services” before determining the “prevailing market rate” for those 

services. 

The parties’ disagreement over the prevailing market rate in Baton Rouge 

centers on whether Vaccine Act work is similar to pharmaceutical, products, and 

medical device litigation or more analogous to medical malpractice, tort litigation, and 

Equal Access to Justice Act [“EAJA”] cases. Neither party provided clear analysis 

 

10 He filed about 15 of these cases prior to being admitted to the bar of the court. See, e.g., No. 02-2050 

(one of many cases showing a filing date of December 30, 2002). 

11 These were all OAP cases. One of these 35 cases was a duplicate filing. See No. 02-235V and No. 

02-2051V. With very few exceptions (primarily those petitions that appeared on their face to be untimely 

filed and the test cases themselves), all of the OAP cases, including Mr. Cave’s, were stayed until 

litigation of the test cases began. Dwyer, 2010 WL 892250, at *3. Very little work was performed on any 

of Mr. Cave’s OAP cases until after 2010, with the exception of the 12 cases dismissed in 2004. I note 

that co-counsel, rather than Mr. Cave, argued the statute of limitations issue in these cases on the motion 

for review decided in 2005.
7 

explaining how attorneys representing clients in the Vaccine Program perform services 

similar to those practicing pharmaceutical, products and medical device litigation or 

medical malpractice, tort litigation, and EAJA cases. They merely asserted that their 

comparison fields of litigation involved “similar services.”

Petitioners base their argument about similar services on the affidavit from Mr. 

Barton, a partner at a large Baton Rouge firm. Mr. Barton asserts that his own usual 

hourly rate is $315.00 per hour for pharmaceutical, products, and medical device 

litigation, and that $300.00 per hour is a reasonable hourly rate for Mr. Cave’s services. 

Id. at 5. Mr. Cave argues that the burden of proof for an off-Table claim under Althen “is 

basically the same required burden of proof in pharmaceutical, product, and medical 

device litigation.” Reply at 3. While it is true that both vaccine cases and 

pharmaceutical, products, and medical device cases require preponderant evidence, so 

do medical malpractice, tort, and EAJA cases. Thus the “burden of proof” analogy is 

not helpful. 

With their Reply, petitioners also provided an Attorney Fee Survey, reflecting a 

rate of $295.00 for consumer law attorneys in the “South Region” of the United States 

with eleven to fifteen years of experience at law firms typically comprised of four people 

or less. Reply at 5; Reply Ex. at 26. Once again, Mr. Cave did not explain why 

“consumer law” constitutes an apt comparison for fees purposes to Vaccine Act 

litigation. 

Respondent relied on the affidavit of Ms. Maraist.12 Ms. Maraist stated that, 

based on her knowledge of the local market, the average rate charged by local medical 

malpractice attorneys ranges from $150.00 to $200.00 per hour. Aff. of Catherine 

Maraist, ¶ 3. She also referenced a recent decision concerning EAJA fees where a rate 

of $150.00 per hour was awarded to an attorney instead of the requested $171.00. Id.

at ¶ 5. In addition, respondent cited recent federal court decisions addressing hourly 

rates in Baton Rouge tort litigation where courts awarded rates in the range of $155.00 

to $220.00 per hour. See n.9, supra. 

Neither party explained why the types of cases they referenced are similar to 

Vaccine Act litigation. Like petitioners, respondent merely asserted that “[she] believes 

that comparison to medical malpractice defense, tort litigation, and EAJA would all be 

 

12 I note that petitioners dispute Ms. Maraist’s “familiarity with the local rates” because she is not in private 

practice, but instead employed by the U.S. Department of Justice. Reply at 2. While I do not rely heavily 

on affidavits of local attorneys such as Ms. Maraist or petitioners’ affidavit from Mr. Barton, it would be 

unfair to attribute greater bias to Ms. Maraist’s affidavit simply because of her employer. She is not 

associated with the U.S. Department of Justice’s Vaccine/Torts Branch, Civil Division. Rather, as Civil 

Chief for the U.S. Attorney’s Office in the Middle District of Louisiana, Ms. Maraist would likely be familiar 

with hourly fees charged by attorneys in the Baton Rouge market. I can appreciate that such information 

might derive from her interaction with other parties rather than her personal experience in billing clients. 

However, I fail to follow petitioners’ logic in arguing I should give little weight to her affidavit because of 

the nature of her employment with the government. Her employment does not make her any more biased 

or less reliable than Mr. Barton’s employment as a plaintiff’s attorney makes him. 
8 

appropriate” as a comparison to Vaccine Act practice. Response at 6. Telling me why 

such comparisons are apt would be far more helpful than simply asserting that they are. 

In Rodriguez, the Federal Circuit noted that proceedings under the Vaccine Act 

“involve no discovery disputes, do not apply the rules of evidence, and are tried in 

informal, streamlined proceedings before special masters well-versed in the issues 

commonly repeated in Vaccine Act cases.” Rodriguez v. Sec’y, HHS, 632 F.3d 1381, 

1385 (Fed. Cir. 2011). The Federal Circuit noted the relatively “relaxed legal standards 

of causation” and “eased procedural rules compared to other federal civil litigation.” Id. 

Likewise, “a party need not ‘prevail’ under the Vaccine Act in order to receive an award 

of attorneys' fees.” Id. 

In the absence of analysis by the parties, I will rely on my own experience in and 

outside the Vaccine Program. Having performed tort, personal injury, and medical 

malpractice defense work myself, I have a basis for comparison, and I find that Vaccine 

Act work is more analogous to tort, personal injury, and medical malpractice litigation 

than consumer law or medical products liability cases. This is particularly true in claims 

brought under the Federal Tort Claims Act [“FTCA”], 28 U.S.C. §1346(b), §1402(b), 

§2401(b), and §§2671-2680.13 

FTCA cases, like Vaccine Act cases, are heard in bench trials. Although the 

analogy between the two types of litigation is not perfect, there are distinct similarities. 

Both medical malpractice and Vaccine Act cases rely heavily on medical records. Both 

types of cases often turn on factual disputes regarding what happened and when it 

occurred. Expert opinions often address the correct diagnosis, identify pre-existing 

conditions, and offer opinions regarding how the injury occurred. Procedurally, FTCA 

work is more difficult, in that the Federal Rules of Evidence apply and discovery is much 

more extensive. Vaccine Act work can be more difficult medically and scientifically, 

given that the focus is on causation in cutting edge areas of science and medicine, 

rather than the focus in many medical malpractice cases on what constitutes the 

standard of care and whether it was breached. 

Pharmaceutical, products, and medical device litigation all have some parallels to 

Vaccine Act work, but the focus in such litigation is often on the product manufacturing 

and testing process in an effort to show that the products were defectively designed or 

manufactured. In contrast, the Vaccine Act itself acknowledges, via the Vaccine Injury 

Table,14 that vaccines can cause injuries. When cases involve off-Table claims, the 

litigation focus is on causation, not the design, testing, and manufacturing process and, 

particularly, not on fault. 

 

13 Contra Rupert v. Sec’y, HHS, 55 Fed. Cl. 293, 304 (2003) (finding that insurance medical malpractice 

defense was not an apt comparison to representing petitioners in Vaccine Act case); but see Barber v. 

Sec’y, HHS, No. 99-434V, 2008 WL 4145653, at *8, *12 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 21, 2008) (finding 

medical malpractice defense work by attorneys retained by individual physicians an appropriate

comparison to Vaccine Act work, noting that both types of cases require similar skills).

14 See 42 C.F.R. § 100.3(a). 
9 

I will attribute greater weight to the evidence related to hourly rates claimed by 

attorneys in medical malpractice and other tort cases in determining the prevailing 

market rate for services similar to Vaccine Act work in Baton Rouge, LA. Unfortunately, 

the only evidence filed by a party pertaining to medical malpractice work is Ms. 

Maraist’s affidavit. Ms. Maraist stated that, based on her knowledge of the local market, 

the average rate charged by local medical malpractice attorneys ranges from $150.00 to 

$200.00 per hour. Although this information is useful, it is anecdotal, rather than 

supported by references to such cases. Respondent also cited to several federal court 

decisions dealing with hourly rates in other types of tort litigation in the Baton Rouge 

area.15 

A special master may look to other evidence in establishing a reasonable hourly 

rate. Rupert v. Sec’y, HHS, 52 Fed. Cl. 684, 688 (2002). By applying the Blum

requirement that fees should be based on those that are paid to “lawyers of reasonably 

comparable skill, experience, and reputation” (465 U.S. at 895, n.11), I found some 

relevance in comparing Mr. Cave to another Louisiana-based attorney practicing in the 

Vaccine Program, Ms. Jessica W. Hayes.

Ms. Hayes is employed by the Murray Law Firm, located in New Orleans, LA. 

This firm is larger than Mr. Cave’s small family practice,16 but the Murray Law Firm also 

appears to have originated as a family firm. According to her firm’s website 

(http://www.murray-lawfirm.com/attorneys/), the firm has fewer than ten lawyers. Ms. 

Hayes joined the firm in 2004, having been admitted to the bar in that same year. She 

lists her practice areas (in addition to vaccine work) as environmental, products liability, 

and personal injury law, and claims extensive experience in complex litigation. See

http://www.murray-lawfirm.com/attorneys/jessica-w-hayes/. 

Court records indicate that Ms. Hayes was admitted to practice before the U.S. 

Court of Federal Claims in February 2008, five years after Mr. Cave was admitted in 

2003. However, it does not appear that anything substantive was done in any of Mr. 

Cave’s OAP cases until 2004, when he responded to the motions to dismiss in 12 of his 

cases. Mr. Cave was not required to file anything of substance in the remaining cases 

until 2008. See, e.g., docket sheets in Marks v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 02-2068; Pincus v.

Sec’y, HHS, No. 04-243.

17 He filed his first non-OAP case in 2006, and was required to 

 

15 These recent federal court decisions awarded hourly rates for tort litigation in the Baton Rouge area 

ranging from $155.00 to $255.00 per hour. Resp. at 6; see n.9, supra. 

16 At some point during the pendency of this litigation, the firm had other attorney employees and 

associates. See Cave v. Comm’r, 476 Fed.Appx. 424, 428 (5th Cir. 2012). Unfortunately, this decision 

does not address the hourly rates of the firm’s other employees. 

17 During the period between the OAP test case hearings, and the final appellate review of the test case 

decisions, petitioners in most of the remaining OAP test cases were ordered to file some medical records 

and a statement regarding onset in order to position those cases for resolution, once appellate review 

was completed. Mr. Cave’s clients received such orders primarily in 2008.
10

begin perfecting it almost immediately thereafter.18 Like Mr. Cave, Ms. Hayes’ first 

Vaccine Act work involved OAP cases. See White v. Sec’y, HHS, No.04-337V, 2011 

WL 6176064 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 22, 2011); Smith v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 04-338V, 

2011 WL 1467933 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 28, 2011). More recently, she has filed 

petitions on behalf of individuals with injuries other than autism spectrum disorders. 

See Abdulrahman v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 12-391V, 2014 WL 6660721, at *1 (Fed. Cl. Spec. 

Mstr. Nov. 3, 2014).

Based on my experience with both attorneys, in and out of the OAP, I find that 

they exhibit similar legal skills in status conferences, filings, and docket management. I 

have observed Mr. Cave in two hearings, but have not had the opportunity to observe 

Ms. Hayes. Mr. Cave has an edge in experience, both in and out of the Vaccine 

Program, but the difference in experience is not great. Both attorneys practice in similar 

legal markets,19 and have handled comparable Vaccine Act cases consisting primarily 

of OAP cases initially and later branching out to represent petitioners in other Vaccine 

Act cases. They claim similar areas of expertise. Mr. Cave is a principal in his very 

small law practice and has been in practice about five years longer than Ms. Hayes. On 

the other hand, Ms. Hayes has been recognized as a Louisiana Rising Star by Super 

Lawyers and Mr. Cave does not have a similar accolade. Compare http://www.murraylawfirm.com/attorneys/jessica-w-hayes, with Pet. Ex. A at 1-2. Considering these 

factors, I find Ms. Hayes’ practice in the Vaccine Program an appropriate starting point 

in determining “reasonable attorneys’ fees” for Mr. Cave using “the prevailing market 

rate” for Baton Rouge, LA from 2005 to 2014.

In most of Ms. Hayes’s OAP cases, she requested and was awarded an hourly 

rate of $150.00 for her efforts throughout all years of the litigation. An example of one 

such case is Rice v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 07-63V. However, in the 2012 fees application in 

Rice, Ms. Hayes presented a well-documented argument that the appropriate market 

rate for her services at that time was $250.00 per hour. Nevertheless, in recognition 

that much of the work she performed in her OAP cases occurred several years prior,

including her work in Rice, she requested only $150.00 per hour.20 I am aware that in 

recently filed cases, Ms. Hayes has requested and received the $250.00 per hour rate.

Mr. Cave points to the hourly rate of $275.00 that he claims I awarded him in 

Hayes v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 06-738 (2010) as evidence that an hourly rate of $275.00 is 

 

18 Hayes v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 06-738 (2010) is discussed below.

19 The cases cited by respondent aided me in determining that “the prevailing market rate” in New 

Orleans, after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, should be considered parallel to that of Baton Rouge. 

Stogner, 2011 WL 6140670, at *2, n.4. Since Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans on August 29, 2005, 

the two cities have constituted a similar legal market throughout most of the period of Mr. Cave’s 

representation of petitioners. 

20 The parties’ stipulation appears to reflect the $150.00 per hour rate. Rice, Decision Awarding 

Attorneys’ Fees and Costs at 2 (dividing the fee awarded by the hours requested yields an hourly rate of 

approximately $150.00). 
11

appropriate. Reply at 5. Although this case provides some evidence of Mr. Cave’s 

billing rate, I did not approve any specific hourly rate because the decision awarding 

fees and costs was based on a stipulation. Mr. Cave claims that “[u]sing the rate of 

$275.00 per hour, a stipulation was reached between the parties” in the Hayes case. 

Reply at 5. A closer examination of the facts and procedural history indicates that my 

award of fees and costs could as easily be read to support a lower hourly rate.21 

Even if I accept petitioners’ claim that Mr. Cave’s hourly rate in Hayes was set at

$275.00, that rate was the result of an agreement between petitioners and respondent. 

In this case, respondent disagrees with petitioners’ requested hourly rate. Response at 

4, 6. Nevertheless, I have considered the award in Hayes and the requested hourly rate 

as some evidence in this case of what a willing buyer would pay a willing seller for legal 

services performed by Mr. Cave.22

Petitioners bear the burden of demonstrating that petitioners’ requested hourly 

rate is reasonable. See Blum, 465 U.S. at 895, n.11. In the absence of sufficient 

reliable evidence submitted by petitioners, I have used my experience in the Vaccine 

Program and the Consumer Price Index to arrive at reasonable hourly rates for an 

attorney of Mr. Cave’s competence and experience performing services in the Vaccine 

Program. See Hensley, 461 U.S. at 434. 

I conclude that, for Vaccine Program work, the 2005 “local rate” in Baton Rouge, 

LA, for attorneys with five or more years of experience was $175.00 per hour. In 2014, 

the rate for attorneys with ten or more years of experience is $275.00 per hour. 

Extrapolating from these points of reference, and considering both the Consumer 

Price Index for cost of living and the increase in Mr. Cave’s experience over this range; I 

award Mr. Cave a rate of $175.00 per hour for 2006, $181.00 per hour for 2007, and 

$186.00 per hour for 2008. Mr. Cave had more than 10 years of experience as an 

attorney in 2009. Therefore, extrapolation from the $275.00 per hour rate for 2014 by 

applying the Consumer Price Index results in hourly rates of $248.00 per hour for 2009, 

$253.00 per hour for 2010, $261.00 per hour for 2011, $266.00 per hour for 2012, and 

 

21 Petitioners prevailed on their entitlement claim in Hayes. Because the fees decision was based on an 

agreement of the parties, I did not approve any specific hourly rate. A total of $67,333.75 in fees and 

$16,031.07 in costs was requested in Hayes. Pet. Mot. at 13, ECF No. 81. Mr. Cave sought 

compensation for 244.85 hours, which if awarded at $275 per hour would total the amount requested for 

fees, $67,333.75. However, the stipulation filed in Hayes provided only $62,500.00 for attorneys' fees 

and $15,531.07 in attorney’s costs. Stipulation at ¶ 3, ECF No. 82. By comparison, if 244.85 hours were 

billed at $250.00 per hour the result would be an award totaling $61,212.50, an amount very close to the 

stipulation’s total award for fees. However, as respondent in Hayes may have negotiated a reduction in 

hours rather than a reduction in Mr. Cave’s hourly billing rate, the Hayes stipulation and Decision on 

Attorney Fees and Costs, filed on July 19, 2011, is not dispositive in verifying Mr. Cave’s assertion that a 

rate of $275.00 was used in reaching the stipulation in Hayes.

22 See Rodriguez, 2009 WL 2568468, at *14 (stating that rates negotiated between Vaccine Act 

petitioners' counsel and the Department of Justice were informative, but not dispositive, in determining a 

“forum rate”).
12

$270.00 per hour for 2013. These rates are used in Table 1 in Part B,4, Fee Amounts 

Based on Adjusted Hourly Rates, to calculate the fee award. 

B. Hours Billed. 

Mr. Cave seeks reimbursement for a total of 176.823 hours spent working on the 

case. Pet. Ex. C at 7. Respondent objected to counsel’s accounting of time, and 

argued that travel time should be billed at half rate, that attorney time spent on paralegal 

or secretarial tasks should be disallowed or adjusted to a lower hourly rate, and that 

hours based on entries “too vague to permit review as to reasonableness” and hours

that are “excessive” should be reduced. Response at 7-11. 

1. Travel Time. 

 In entries on July 25, 2012 and July 26, 2012, Mr. Cave billed a total of 22.75 

hours for travel related to the fact hearing in Sacramento, California. See Pet. Ex. C at 

6. Respondent objected to reimbursing Mr. Cave’s travel time at the full hourly rate 

claimed, pointing out that travel time has historically been reimbursed at one-half the 

hourly rate24 claimed. She argued that there was no evidence that work on petitioners’ 

case was performed during travel time. Response at 9. 

Respondent’s representations regarding the historical treatment of travel time for 

billing purposes are correct. See Rodriguez, 2009 WL 2568468, at *21 (citing Carter v. 

Sec'y, HHS, No. 04–1500V, 2007 WL 2241877 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 13, 2007); 

Scoutto v. Sec'y, HHS, No. 90–3576V, 1997 WL 588954 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sep. 5, 

1997)). 

 Mr. Cave replied that he did in fact perform work during some parts of the 

recorded travel time, including that “counsel brought his laptop and binders on the plane 

for review, and did in fact review them in preparation for the hearing.” Reply at 5. Mr. 

 

23 Mr. Cave’s billing records reflect time accounting in hours and minutes. However, his total fee request 

was for 10,610 minutes or 176.8 hours. Because this billing method makes calculation of awards more 

difficult, I have converted time periods billed in minutes to tenths of an hour. 

24 Historically, attorneys in the Vaccine Program have been compensated for all their travel time at half 

their hourly rate. This approach recognizes the difficulty of making contemporaneous billing entries for 

time spent working on the case while traveling, the lack of efficiency in attempting to work on an airplane 

or other public transportation, and the recognition that no meaningful work can be performed during 

ticketing, security screening, boarding and exiting an aircraft, recovering checked luggage, and in picking 

up a rental car. Compensating attorneys at a full hourly rate for work performed during travel is possible 

only when the attorney provides sufficient billing records to substantiate that the attorney actually 

performed case related work during travel. Like counsel, the special masters frequently travel to hearings 

and are aware that, even with the best of intentions, working on a case during travel is difficult and only 

rarely as productive as time in the office in terms of both quantity and quality of work. Compensating all 

travel at one-half the hourly rate represents a compromise, recognizing that travel represents some lost 

opportunity cost for an attorney and that the attorney is less efficient when working on a case during 

travel. 
13

Cave also included “time spent with petitioners while eating and being transported [by 

the petitioners],” as it “was spent in reviewing the case and preparing for trial.” Id. at 6. 

Petitioners apologized for their counsel’s lack of detailed records to account for 

his work completed during the 22.75 hours billed for travel. Id. They proposed reducing 

14.75 hours of time billed during travel to half Mr. Cave’s hourly rate, while awarding his 

full hourly rate for the remaining 8 hours, to account for “one hour each day for lunch 

with clients,25 one hour each day for transport to and from Sacramento airport, three 

hours of case review on [the] plane to Sacramento, and one hour writing notes of court 

questions and other thoughts post-trial on [the] plane.” Id. 

Although a petitioner’s attorney may be able to present sufficient documentation 

for an award of full hourly rates for travel time, each case should be assessed on its 

own merits. Gruber v. Sec’y, HHS, 91 Fed. Cl. 773, 791 (2010). As with other fees, 

“the underlying guidance for Vaccine Program Special Masters when determining 

appropriate fee awards is articulated in the Vaccine Act at 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-15(e)(1) 

and requires that the fees be ‘reasonable,’” and the burden is on the fee applicant “to 

document the fees claim submitted in a manner that will enable the Special Master to 

reach a reasoned decision.” Id. 

Mr. Cave did not prepare contemporaneous billing records. The practice of 

compensating attorney travel time at half rate reflects that even if an attorney is 

performing case-related work, the vicissitudes of travel are such that no attorney is 

operating at peak efficiency on an airplane or a train, much less while traveling to or 

from an airport, undergoing security screening, or boarding or exiting an aircraft. The 

half-rate awarded for all travel time in this case reflects both the lack of 

contemporaneous billing for case-related work and the lost opportunity costs caserelated travel entails. 

I will compensate Mr. Cave for all of the time spent in travel (22.8 hours), but at a 

rate of $133.00 per hour, which is one-half the hourly rate, $266.00, for work in 2012, 

when the travel was performed. See Pet. Ex. C at 6. I therefore reduce Mr. Cave’s 

attorney fees total by $3,032.40. This amount is reflected below in Table 2: Deductions 

from Total Fee Amount, Section B,5.

 

2. Secretarial and Paralegal Tasks. 

Respondent asserted that some tasks performed by Mr. Cave were secretarial or 

paralegal in nature and that billing for them should be disallowed or reduced. Response 

at 9. Petitioners dismissed respondent’s objection as “without merit as the tasks were 

performed by undersigned counsel,” arguing that respondent “ignores the fact that 

technology allows lawyers. . . to perform tasks more efficiently, and not rely on the 

arcane ways of performing tasks such as dictating a secretary’s or paralegal’s work, 

reviewing it, correcting/editing it, etc. Email, for example, is a much more efficient mode 

 

25 The hearing took less than three hours. Tr. at 111. 
14

of communication between a lawyer and client, than dictating a letter, reviewing it for 

correctness, signing it, etc.” Reply at 6-7. 

Both arguments have some merit. Mr. Cave is compensated for all client 

contact, regardless of the methods he employed in such contact. 

I agree with respondent that tasks which are secretarial in nature represent 

overhead expenses and are thus not compensable. See Response at 9 (citing Johnson 

v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 90-645V, 1992 WL 247565, (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 14, 1992); 

Cowan v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 90-1189, 1993 WL 410090 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 30, 

1993). Respondent is correct that, to the extent that tasks are properly characterized as 

secretarial or administrative, time spent on them is not compensable, regardless of 

whether the task was performed by counsel or delegated to a secretary. 

However, as respondent has not identified any specific tasks as administrative or 

secretarial and has not asked that I disallow times associated with any specific tasks, I 

will consider all of the tasks performed in this case that did not require an attorney’s skill 

and expertise to be paralegal in nature. 

I also agree with respondent that compensation for paralegal tasks performed by 

an attorney should be compensated at a paralegal rate. Ordinarily, an attorney should 

not bill for attorney time for tasks that a paralegal should perform, nor should he bill for 

paralegal time when the tasks involved are of a secretarial nature. See, e.g., Plott v. 

Sec’y, HHS, No. 92-633V, 1997 WL 842543, at *4-5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. April 23, 

1997). Respondent correctly noted that attorney work more appropriately performed by 

a paralegal is compensable, but may be subject to a reduced billing rate. Response at 

9-10 (citing Savin v. Sec’y, HHS, 85 Fed. Cl. 313 (2008); Barnes v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 90-

1101V, 1999 WL 797468, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 17, 1999)). A special master 

may rely on his or her “experience with the Vaccine Program” to determine that certain 

tasks are “more consistent with paralegal duties.” Valdes v. Sec’y, HHS, 89 Fed. Cl. 

415, 425 (2009). In the absence of any evidence by either party of an appropriate 

hourly rate for a paralegal in the Baton Rouge area, I will rely on my experience in the 

Vaccine Program and compensate paralegal tasks at a rate of $110.00 per hour. 

 In reviewing Mr. Cave’s billing records, I have identified a number of tasks he 

performed for petitioners which do not require an attorney’s skill and expertise, and 

would more appropriately be performed by a paralegal. Such tasks include preparing 

exhibit books, filing medical records, labeling and printing photographs, and preparing 

notices of filings or letters to the “Clerk.” 

 Rather than conduct a line-by-line analysis of Mr. Cave’s bill and make specific 

deductions in specific years, I have approximated the paralegal tasks performed 

between 2005 and 2014 to constitute 4.3 hours of the total attorney time billed. Using 
15

an average hourly rate of $257.00 for work performed by Mr. Cave from 2005-2014,26

multiplied times the 4.3 hours, I have deducted $1105.10 from Mr. Cave’s total 

attorney’s fees claim for tasks more appropriately performed by a paralegal. I then 

award 4.3 hours at the paralegal hourly rate of $110.00 per hour to Mr. Cave’s total 

attorney’s fees award, which results in an increase of $473.00. The net reduction of 

$632.10 is reflected below in Table 2: Deductions from Total Fee Amount. 

3. Vague Entries and Unnecessary Hours. 

Respondent asserted that some entries (such as those for emails, letters, and 

phone calls to and from petitioners, time spent reviewing the case file, and time spent 

on research), are too vague to permit review of reasonableness, and should be 

disallowed. Response at 11. In addition, respondent called the time billed for some 

specified tasks “excessive.” Id. Petitioners replied simply that the level of detail 

respondent requests is “absurd,” and that the record contains a full explanation made 

contemporaneously with the tasks performed. Reply at 7. 

I reject respondent’s “vagueness” argument here, but note that explaining what 

exhibits were reviewed, for example, would obviate the need to respond to such 

objections. However, my review of Mr. Cave’s billing records does disclose some 

excessive periods billed for performing relatively simple tasks. Non-exhaustive 

examples of this overbilling include 20 minutes on April 26, 2006 to review a standard 

order filled in virtually all Vaccine Act cases and billing 30 minutes on May 18, 2011 for 

filing a short motion for extension of time. Pet. Ex. C at 3. Mr. Cave’s records reflect 

many similar examples of billing excessive time for tasks that should have taken very 

little time. Such entries are simply unreasonable amounts of time to spend on tasks for 

attorneys with Mr. Cave’s level of experience, in and out of the Vaccine Program. I 

therefore reduce the total hours claimed by two hours for this overbilling at a rate of 

$257.00, the same hourly average used in subsection III.B.2, above. 

4. Summary for Attorneys' Fees

Based on the hourly rates awarded and the hours requested by petitioners, the 

following table represents the starting point for fees, prior to any of the deductions for 

travel, overbilling, or the performance of paralegal tasks. 

 

26 Based on the hourly rates set in Section III A, above, I computed the total fees awarded to Mr. Cave, 

$45,486.70 as set forth in Table 1, and divided that amount by the total hours originally claimed, 176.8. 

This resulted in an average hourly billing rate of $257.00 for this case. 
16

Table 1: Fee Amounts Based on Adjusted Hourly Rates: 

Year Hours Billed27 Hourly Rate Total

2005 10.9 $175.00 $1,907.50

2006 0.9 $181.00 $162.90

2007 1.0 $186.00 $186.00

2008 1.1 $193.00 $212.30

2009 4.9 $248.00 $1,215.20

2010 4.5 $253.00 $1,138.50

2011 55.2 $261.00 $14,407.20

2012 75.1 $266.00 $19,976.60

2013 19.9 $270.00 $5,373.00

2014 3.3 $275.00 $907.50

Totals 176.8 $45,486.70

5. Deductions from Mr. Cave’s Fees.

The total fees calculated using the adjusted hourly rates, $45,486.70, are 

reduced by the deductions listed below in Table 2, $4,178.50, resulting in a fees award 

of $41,308.29. 

Table 2: Deductions from Total Fee Amount: 

Reason for Deduction Discussed Amount

Travel Time Section III.B.1 ($3,032.40)

Paralegal Tasks Section III.B.2 ($632.10)

Overbilling Section III.B.3 ($514.00)

Total Deductions to Fees ($4,178.50)

C. Costs. 

 The special master is charged with determining what fees and costs are 

reasonable. See Wasson v. Sec'y, HHS, 24 Cl.Ct. 482, 486 (1991), aff'd, 988 F.2d 131 

(Fed. Cir. 1993). Costs that are not adequately documented may be disallowed. 

Sabella, 86 Fed. Cl. at 209; Ceballos v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 99-97V, 2004 WL 784910, at 

*13 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 25, 2004). 

 

 Petitioners requested a total of $4,072.27 in attorney costs. Pet. Ex. C at 1. 

Respondent objected to some of petitioners’ travel and expert consultation costs as 

excessive, noting that petitioners did not submit receipts or documentation of any of 

their costs. Response at 12, n.9. Specifically, respondent objected to petitioners’ 

 

27 In the future, Mr. Cave should convert any fees application involving periods of less than an hour into 

tenths of an hour increments, rather than billing by minutes. 
17

request for $108.00 billed by counsel to sit in a higher class of seating during his travel. 

Id. at 12. I agree with respondent that the extra expense is one for comfort rather than 

necessary for health, and thus represents an expense which would not be reimbursable 

for either respondent’s counsel or the special master. This extra cost must be borne by 

Mr. Cave and not the Vaccine Trust Fund. This $108.00 cost will be deducted from 

petitioners’ total fee amount, which is illustrated in Table 3: Disallowed Attorney’s 

Costs. 

 Respondent also objected to the $2,333.10 invoice submitted by Dr. Stephanie 

Cave for an “Expert Consultation,” citing a global objection to her involvement in the 

case as unreasonable, and a specific objection to her hourly rate of $350.00 as 

excessive.28

 Response at 12. Respondent notes that Dr. Cave billed two hours for 

drafting a report that was never filed, and that her work appears to primarily have been 

in the capacity of a consultant, which is normally billed at a lower rate than a medical 

expert opinion. Id. 

I agree with respondent’s characterization of Dr. Cave’s role as a consultant in 

this case rather than a medical expert. Petitioners did not provide any evidence of her 

qualifications for expert fees. She was one of E.L.M.’s treating physicians, beginning 

her treatment on January 27, 2005, just five days prior to petitioners’ initial client call 

with Mr. Cave and just one month before the claim was filed on February 28, 2005. Pet. 

Ex. 11, p. 9; Pet. Ex. C at 3; see also Mooney v. Sec'y, HHS, No. 05–266V, 2013 WL 

3874444, at *3 nn.13-14 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 3, 2013). As noted in my fact ruling, 

Dr. Cave is also the mother of petitioners’ counsel, Mr. Cave. Id. at *3. This familial 

relationship with Mr. Cave would severely undercut the weight afforded to any expert 

opinion Dr. Cave might have rendered. 

None of Dr. Cave’s work product was filed, so I am unable to assess the nature 

of her contributions directly. However, the quality of any opinion that this case could or 

should proceed on a Table injury theory is highly questionable. As noted in my fact 

ruling, even accepting the testimony and joint affidavit of petitioners at face value, the 

symptoms described did not rise to the level of a Table encephalopathy, and both Mrs. 

Mooney’s journal and the video records rebutted the existence of a chronic 

encephalopathy persisting for the required six months. Id. at *8-11, 14-15. 

 Nevertheless, even experts with questionable qualifications have been used as 

consultants in Vaccine Act cases,29 and their time and efforts have been compensated 

 

28 Doctor Cave’s bill indicated an hourly rate of $350 per hour. However, multiplying the hours billed 

times that rate, her bill should have been $2,240.00 rather than $2,333.10, the amount actually billed. 

29 For example, despite concerns expressed by both special masters and judges about the qualifications 

of Dr. Mark Geier as an expert in Vaccine Act cases, his use as a consultant has been approved. 

Decisions about his lack of qualifications to offer expert opinions include: Piscopo v. Sec'y, HHS, No. 01–

234V, 66 Fed. Cl. 49 (2005) (approving a determination that Dr. Geier did not have the education, 

training or experience to proffer a reliable opinion on autoimmune disorder); Ormechea v. Sec'y, HHS, 

No. 90–1683V, 1992 WL 151816 at *7 (Cl.Ct. Spec. Mstr. June 10, 1992) (“Because Dr. Geier has made 

a profession of testifying in matters to which his professional background (obstetrics, genetics) is 
18

at a consultant rate. In Vaccine Act litigation, expert consultants research medical 

literature and assist in reviewing and assessing the merits of a petition. See Ray v. 

Sec'y, HHS, 04–184V, 2006 WL 1006587 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 29, 2006). Expert 

consultants play an important role in aiding counsel to understand complex scientific 

and medical questions even if they may not be qualified to offer an expert opinion or if 

other factors make appearance as a witness problematic. 

 However, an attorney does not have a blank check to hire anyone as a 

consultant at any rate to perform any type of service. Without the check on consultant 

fees imposed by a private client's concern for his or her bank balance, oversight of 

counsel's professional obligation to keep consultant fees reasonable is provided by both 

respondent and the court. See, e.g., Kuperus v. Sec'y, HHS, 01–60V, 2006 WL 

3499516 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 17, 2006) (a special master has discretion to review 

costs charged for experts). When an expert is retained and files an expert report, the 

complexity of the issues and the medical records in the case, the nature of research 

conducted and filed, the expert's qualifications, the quality of the report, and many other 

factors can be used to assess the reasonableness of the hours claimed. When no work 

product is provided to the court by a consultant, the assessment of the reasonableness 

of the hours and fees claimed becomes far more difficult. 

 Although I have deep concerns about the potential for bias that arises in cases 

where the attorney and his expert share a close familial relationship, particularly since 

they may refer cases to one another, Dr. Cave did not file an expert report or testify. 

Moreover, as a treating physician, she may have had insights into this case not readily 

available to an outside consultant. Since she served as a consultant, the only work 

product available is her bill. See Carrington, 2008 WL 2683632, at *10. Doctor Cave’s 

bill details the time spent on various activities related to the case. While my experience 

permits me to appreciate why Mr. Cave sought expert assistance, neither Dr. Cave’s 

hourly billing rate nor the total number of hours is adequately justified. 

 

Petitioners assert that “the first two hours billed by Dr. Cave were as a result of 

the Court asking counsel to review his files to see what files needed to go forward and 

what files needed to be dismissed following the conclusion of the Omnibus Autism 

Proceeding.” Reply at 7. More specifically, Dr. Cave was asked to review this case and 

other of Mr. Cave’s OAP cases to see “if there were any encephalopathy cases and/or 

any mitochondrial disorder cases, as opposed to strictly autism cases.” Id. She then 

was further consulted for trial preparation, in which she reportedly reviewed the medical 

records, pictures, videos, and journals/records. Id. at 8. 

 

unrelated, his testimony is of limited value to the court.”); Daly v.Sec'y, HHS, No. 90–590V, 1991 WL 

154573, at *7 (Cl.Ct. Spec. Mstr. July 26, 1991) (“Dr. Geier clearly lacks the expertise to evaluate the 

symptomatology of the Table injuries and render an opinion thereon.”). Nevertheless, I authorized the 

payment of consultant fees to him in Lamar v. Sec'y, HHS, No. 99–584V, 2008 WL 3845157, at *15 (Fed. 

Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jul. 30, 2008). 
19

 Of the six hours and forty minutes billed by Dr. Cave, I find that two hours she 

spent on reviewing the medical records to determine if the case presented a colorable 

Table claim or another theory of causation after the collapse of the OAP test case 

theories are reasonable. These hours are consistent with prior awards made to other 

consultants performing similar reviews in other OAP cases. See Whiffen v. Sec’y, HHS, 

No. 03–1223V, Order of Dec. 15, 2010 at 14-15 (recognizing the reasonableness of 

awarding fees for a physician’s review of clients’ medical records). 

 Additionally, it may be appropriate for a medical consultant to assist counsel in 

preparing for a hearing. However, I question both the need for Dr. Cave’s services in 

preparing counsel for what was a fairly straightforward fact hearing, and the conclusions 

drawn regarding the viability of a Table claim based on petitioners’ own assertions and

the other evidence presented. In this regard, I note that both Dr. and Mr. Cave have 

advanced a somewhat unusual view of what constitutes a Table encephalopathy, a view 

I rejected in this case. Mooney, 2013 WL 3874444, at *1-2. Both the former Chief 

Special Master and I similarly rejected this view in Blake v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 03-31V, 

2014 WL 2769979, at *11-12 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 18, 2008). However, this was 

the first case of Mr. Cave’s in which I ruled on the factual predicate necessary for such a 

Table injury. Under these circumstances, I approve two additional hours of Dr. Cave’s 

services for hearing preparation. I do note that a review of the medical records, Mrs. 

Mooney’s journals, and the video records would render it virtually impossible to 

conclude that the minor child sustained an acute or chronic encephalopathy as defined 

in the Vaccine Injury Table, and I am unlikely to authorize Dr. Cave’s consultant fees for 

hearing preparation in any similar cases filed by Mr. Cave. 

 I have previously awarded medical consultants a rate of $250.00 per hour based 

on their limited role in medical records review. Lamar v. Sec’y, HHS, No. 99-584V, 

2008 WL 3845157, at *15 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 30, 2008) (awarding Dr. Geier 

$250.00 per hour for his consultant work); see also Ray v. Sec'y, HHS, No. 04–184V, 

2006 WL 1006587, at *12 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 30, 2006) (awarding Dr. Geier 

$250.00 per hour for his consultant work). In the absence of any evidence warranting a 

higher rate, I will award her the same hourly rate. A total cost of $1,000.00 is thus 

authorized for Dr. Cave’s services in this case. 

Petitioners’ fee application included a statement pursuant to General Order #9 

setting forth petitioners’ personal litigation costs, representing that they incurred 

$150.00 in personal litigation costs. Pet. Ex. C at 1. Although petitioners did not 

document this cost, I will presume it represents the filing fee, and thus find it 

compensable. 

 The following table provides a summary of disallowed costs: 
20

Table 3: Disallowed Costs: 

Cost Amount

Airline Upgrade ($108.00)

Consultant Fee for Dr. Cave ($1,333.10)

Total Deductions to Costs ($1,441.10)

The total attorney’s costs requested, $4,072.27, is reduced by the disallowed 

costs listed above in Table 3, ($1,441.10), for a total award of attorney’s costs in the 

amount of $2,631.17.30

IV. Total Award Summary. 

 Table 4 reflects the total award calculations in this case. 

Table 4: Total Amount Awarded: 

 I hold petitioners are entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs pursuant to 

§ 15(e)(1). For the reasons contained herein, I find the amount of $43,939.3731 in the 

form of a check payable jointly to petitioners, Bob and Carmel Mooney, and 

petitioners’ counsel of record, Michael Cave, Esq., for petitioners’ attorney’s fees 

and costs. I also find the amount of $150.00 in the form of a check payable solely 

to petitioners, Bob and Carmel Mooney, for petitioners’ personal litigation costs. 

 

30 See Table 4. 

31 This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award encompasses 

all charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced costs” as well as fees for legal services rendered. 

Furthermore, 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees (including 

costs) that would be in addition to the amount awarded herein. See generally Beck v. Sec’y, HHS, 924 

F.2d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991). 

Description Amount

Attorney’s Fees $41,308.20

Attorney’s Costs $2,631.17

Subtotal $43,939.37

Petitioner’s Costs $150.00

Total Award $44,089.37
21

The clerk of the court shall enter judgment in accordance herewith.32

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

 

 s/Denise K. Vowell 

 Denise K. Vowell 

 Chief Special Master 

 

32 Entry of judgment can be expedited by each party’s filing of a notice renouncing the right to seek 

review. See Vaccine Rule 11(a).