Date: December 14, 2011 

Subject: Redline Version of the NESHAP for the Pulp and Paper Industry 

EPA Contract No. EP-D-11-084; Work Assignment No. 0-03 

From: Katie Hanks 

Thomas Holloway 

To: John Bradfield 

Bill Schrock 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 

The purpose of this memorandum is to present a redline version of the national emission 

standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) from the pulp and paper industry (40 CFR part 

63, subpart S), which shows the proposed revisions to the kraft pulping process condensates 

standards; requirement for 5-year repeat emissions testing for selected process equipment; 

revisions to provisions addressing periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction; additional test 

methods for measuring methanol; and technical and editorial changes. 
Page 1 of 122 

Subpart S—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 

Pollutants from the Pulp and Paper Industry 

§63.440 Applicability. 

(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to the owner 

or operator of processes that produce pulp, paper, or 

paperboard; that are located at a plant site that is a 

major source as defined in §63.2 of subpart A of this part; 

and that use the following processes and materials: 

(1) Kraft, soda, sulfite, or semi-chemical pulping 

processes using wood; or 

(2) Mechanical pulping processes using wood; or 

(3) Any process using secondary or non-wood fibers. 

(b) The affected source to which the existing source 

provisions of this subpart apply is as follows: 

(1) For the processes specified in paragraph (a)(1) of 

this section, the affected source is the total of all HAP 

emission points in the pulping and bleaching systems; or 

(2) For the processes specified in paragraphs (a)(2) 

or (a)(3) of this section, the affected source is the total 

of all HAP emission points in the bleaching system. 

(c) The new source provisions of this subpart apply to 

the total of all HAP emission points at new or existing 

sources as follows: 
Page 2 of 122 

(1) Each affected source defined in paragraph (b)(1) 

of this section that commences construction or 

reconstruction after December 17, 1993; 

(2) Each pulping system or bleaching system for the 

processes specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 

that commences construction or reconstruction after 

December 17, 1993; 

(3) Each additional pulping or bleaching line at the 

processes specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, 

that commences construction after December 17, 1993; 

(4) Each affected source defined in paragraph (b)(2) 

of this section that commences construction or 

reconstruction after March 8, 1996; or 

(5) Each additional bleaching line at the processes 

specified in paragraphs (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section, 

that commences construction after March 8, 1996. 

(d) Each existing source shall achieve compliance no 

later than April 16, 2001, except as provided in paragraphs 

(d)(1) through (d)(3) of this section. 

(1) Each kraft pulping system shall achieve compliance 

with the pulping system provisions of §63.443 for the 

equipment listed in §63.443(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(v) as 

expeditiously as practicable, but in no event later than 
Page 3 of 122 

April 17, 2006 and the owners and operators shall establish 

dates, update dates, and report the dates for the 

milestones specified in §63.455(b). 

(2) Each dissolving-grade bleaching system at either 

kraft or sulfite pulping mills shall achieve compliance 

with the bleach plant provisions of §63.445 of this subpart 

as expeditiously as practicable, but in no event later than 

3 years after the promulgation of the revised effluent 

limitation guidelines and standards under 40 CFR 430.14 

through 430.17 and 40 CFR 430.44 through 430.47. 

(3) Each bleaching system complying with the Voluntary 

Advanced Technology Incentives Program for Effluent 

Limitation Guidelines in 40 CFR 430.24, shall comply with 

the requirements specified in either paragraph (d)(3)(i) or 

(d)(3)(ii) of this section for the effluent limitation 

guidelines and standards in 40 CFR 430.24. 

(i) Comply with the bleach plant provisions of §63.445 

of this subpart as expeditiously as practicable, but in no 

event later than April 16, 2001. 

(ii) Comply with paragraphs (d)(3)(ii)(A), 

(d)(3)(ii)(B), and (d)(3)(ii)(C) of this section. 

(A) The owner or operator of a bleaching system shall 

comply with the bleach plant provisions of §63.445 of this 
Page 4 of 122 

subpart as expeditiously as practicable, but in no event 

later than April 15, 2004. 

(B) The owner or operator of a bleaching system shall 

comply with the requirements specified in either paragraph 

(d)(3)(ii)(B)(1) or (d)(3)(ii)(B)(2) of this section. 

(1) Not increase the application rate of chlorine or 

hypochlorite in kilograms (kg) of bleaching agent per 

megagram of ODP, in the bleaching system above the average 

daily rates used over the three months prior to June 15, 

1998 until the requirements of paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) of 

this section are met and record application rates as 

specified in §63.454(c). 

(2) Comply with enforceable effluent limitations 

guidelines for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin and 

adsorbable organic halides at least as stringent as the 

baseline BAT levels set out in 40 CFR 430.24(a)(1) as 

expeditiously as possible, but in no event later than April 

16, 2001. 

(C) Owners and operators shall establish dates, update 

dates, and report the dates for the milestones specified in 

§63.455(b). 

(e) Each new source, specified as the total of all HAP 

emission points for the sources specified in paragraph (c) 
Page 5 of 122 

of this section, shall achieve compliance upon start-up or 

June 15, 1998, whichever is later, as provided in §63.6(b) 

of subpart A of this part. 

(f) Each owner or operator of an affected source with 

affected process equipment shared by more than one type of 

pulping process, shall comply with the applicable 

requirement in this subpart that achieves the maximum 

degree of reduction in HAP emissions. 

(g) Each owner or operator of an affected source 

specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section 

must comply with the requirements of subpart A—General 

Provisions of this part, as indicated in table 1 to this 

subpart. 

§63.441 Definitions. 

All terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning 

given them in the CAA, in subpart A of this part, and in 

this section as follows: 

Acid condensate storage tank means any storage tank 

containing cooking acid following the sulfur dioxide gas 

fortification process. 

Affirmative defense means, in the context of an 

enforcement proceeding, a response or defense put forward 

by a defendant, regarding which the defendant has the 
Page 6 of 122 

burden of proof, and the merits of which are independently 

and objectively evaluated in a judicial or administrative 

proceeding.

Black liquor means spent cooking liquor that has been 

separated from the pulp produced by the kraft, soda, or 

semi-chemical pulping process. 

Bleaching means brightening of pulp by the addition of 

oxidizing chemicals or reducing chemicals. 

Bleaching line means a group of bleaching stages 

arranged in series such that bleaching of the pulp 

progresses as the pulp moves from one stage to the next. 

Bleaching stage means all process equipment associated 

with a discrete step of chemical application and removal in 

the bleaching process including chemical and steam mixers, 

bleaching towers, washers, seal (filtrate) tanks, vacuum 

pumps, and any other equipment serving the same function as 

those previously listed. 

Bleaching system means all process equipment after 

high-density pulp storage prior to the first application of 

oxidizing chemicals or reducing chemicals following the 

pulping system, up to and including the final bleaching 

stage. 
Page 7 of 122 

Boiler means any enclosed combustion device that 

extracts useful energy in the form of steam. A boiler is 

not considered a thermal oxidizer. 

Chip steamer means a vessel used for the purpose of 

preheating or pretreating wood chips prior to the digester, 

using flash steam from the digester or live steam. 

Closed-vent system means a system that is not open to 

the atmosphere and is composed of piping, ductwork, 

connections, and, if necessary, flow-inducing devices that 

transport gas or vapor from an emission point to a control 

device. 

Combustion device means an individual unit of 

equipment, including but not limited to, a thermal 

oxidizer, lime kiln, recovery furnace, process heater, or 

boiler, used for the thermal oxidation of organic hazardous 

air pollutant vapors. 

Decker system means all equipment used to thicken the 

pulp slurry or reduce its liquid content after the pulp 

washing system and prior to high-density pulp storage. The 

decker system includes decker vents, filtrate tanks, 

associated vacuum pumps, and any other equipment serving 

the same function as those previously listed. 
Page 8 of 122 

Digester system means each continuous digester or each 

batch digester used for the chemical treatment of wood or 

non-wood fibers. The digester system equipment includes 

associated flash tank(s), blow tank(s), chip steamer(s) not 

using fresh steam, blow heat recovery accumulator(s), 

relief gas condenser(s), prehydrolysis unit(s) preceding 

the pulp washing system, and any other equipment serving 

the same function as those previously listed. The digester 

system includes any of the liquid streams or condensates 

associated with batch or continuous digester relief, blow, 

or flash steam processes. 

Emission point means any part of a stationary source 

that emits hazardous air pollutants regulated under this 

subpart, including emissions from individual process vents, 

stacks, open pieces of process equipment, equipment leaks, 

wastewater and condensate collection and treatment system 

units, and those emissions that could reasonably be 

conveyed through a stack, chimney, or duct where such 

emissions first reach the environment. 

Evaporator system means all equipment associated with 

increasing the solids content and/or concentrating spent 

cooking liquor from the pulp washing system including preevaporators, multi-effect evaporators, concentrators, and 
Page 9 of 122 

vacuum systems, as well as associated condensers, hotwells, 

and condensate streams, and any other equipment serving the 

same function as those previously listed. 

Flow indicator means any device that indicates gas or 

liquid flow in an enclosed system. 

HAP means a hazardous air pollutant as defined in 

§63.2 of subpart A of this part. 

High volume, low concentration or HVLC collection 

system means the gas collection and transport system used 

to convey gases from the HVLC system to a control device. 

High volume, low concentration or HVLC system means 

the collection of equipment including the pulp washing, 

knotter, screen, decker, and oxygen delignification 

systems, weak liquor storage tanks, and any other equipment 

serving the same function as those previously listed. 

Knotter system means equipment where knots, oversized 

material, or pieces of uncooked wood are removed from the 

pulp slurry after the digester system and prior to the pulp 

washing system. The knotter system equipment includes the 

knotter, knot drainer tanks, ancillary tanks, and any other 

equipment serving the same function as those previously 

listed. 
Page 10 of 122 

Kraft pulping means a chemical pulping process that 

uses a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide as 

the cooking liquor. 

Lime kiln means an enclosed combustion device used to 

calcine lime mud, which consists primarily of calcium 

carbonate, into calcium oxide. 

Low volume, high concentration or LVHC collection 

system means the gas collection and transport system used 

to convey gases from the LVHC system to a control device. 

Low volume, high concentration or LVHC system means 

the collection of equipment including the digester, 

turpentine recovery, evaporator, steam stripper systems, 

and any other equipment serving the same function as those 

previously listed. 

Mechanical pulping means a pulping process that only 

uses mechanical and thermo-mechanical processes to reduce 

wood to a fibrous mass. The mechanical pulping processes 

include, but are not limited to, stone groundwood, 

pressurized groundwood, refiner mechanical, thermal refiner 

mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and tandem thermomechanical. 

Non-wood pulping means the production of pulp from 

fiber sources other than trees. The non-wood fiber sources 
Page 11 of 122 

include, but are not limited to, bagasse, cereal straw, 

cotton, flax straw, hemp, jute, kenaf, and leaf fibers. 

Oven-dried pulp or ODP means a pulp sample at zero 

percent moisture content by weight. Pulp samples for 

applicability or compliance determinations for both the 

pulping and bleaching systems shall be unbleached pulp. For 

purposes of complying with mass emission limits in this 

subpart, megagram of ODP shall be measured to represent the 

amount of pulp entering and processed by the equipment 

system under the specified mass limit. For equipment that 

does not process pulp, megagram of ODP shall be measured to 

represent the amount of pulp that was processed to produce 

the gas and liquid streams. 

Oxygen delignification system means the equipment that 

uses oxygen to remove lignin from pulp after high-density 

stock storage and prior to the bleaching system. The oxygen 

delignification system equipment includes the blow tank, 

washers, filtrate tanks, any interstage pulp storage tanks, 

and any other equipment serving the same function as those 

previously listed. 

Primary fuel means the fuel that provides the 

principal heat input to the combustion device. To be 

considered primary, the fuel must be able to sustain 
Page 12 of 122 

operation of the combustion device without the addition of 

other fuels. 

Process wastewater treatment system means a collection 

of equipment, a process, or specific technique that removes 

or destroys the HAPs in a process wastewater stream. 

Examples include, but are not limited to, a steam stripping 

unit, wastewater thermal oxidizer, or biological treatment 

unit. 

Pulp washing system means all equipment used to wash 

pulp and separate spent cooking chemicals following the 

digester system and prior to the bleaching system, oxygen 

delignification system, or paper machine system (at 

unbleached mills). The pulp washing system equipment 

includes vacuum drum washers, diffusion washers, rotary 

pressure washers, horizontal belt filters, intermediate 

stock chests, and their associated vacuum pumps, filtrate 

tanks, foam breakers or tanks, and any other equipment 

serving the same function as those previously listed. The 

pulp washing system does not include deckers, screens, 

knotters, stock chests, or pulp storage tanks following the 

last stage of pulp washing. 

Pulping line means a group of equipment arranged in 

series such that the wood chips are digested and the 
Page 13 of 122 

resulting pulp progresses through a sequence of steps that 

may include knotting, refining, washing, thickening, 

blending, storing, oxygen delignification, and any other 

equipment serving the same function as those previously 

listed. 

Pulping process condensates means any HAP-containing 

liquid that results from contact of water with organic 

compounds in the pulping process. Examples of process 

condensates include digester system condensates, turpentine 

recovery system condensates, evaporator system condensates, 

LVHC system condensates, HVLC system condensates, and any 

other condensates from equipment serving the same function 

as those previously listed. Liquid streams that are 

intended for byproduct recovery are not considered process 

condensate streams. 

Pulping system means all process equipment, beginning 

with the digester system, and up to and including the last 

piece of pulp conditioning equipment prior to the bleaching 

system, including treatment with ozone, oxygen, or peroxide 

before the first application of a chemical bleaching agent 

intended to brighten pulp. The pulping system includes 

pulping process condensates and can include multiple 

pulping lines. 
Page 14 of 122 

Recovery furnace means an enclosed combustion device 

where concentrated spent liquor is burned to recover sodium 

and sulfur, produce steam, and dispose of unwanted 

dissolved wood components in the liquor. 

Screen system means equipment in which oversized 

particles are removed from the pulp slurry prior to the 

bleaching or papermaking system washed stock storage. 

Secondary fiber pulping means a pulping process that 

converts a fibrous material, that has previously undergone 

a manufacturing process, into pulp stock through the 

addition of water and mechanical energy. The mill then uses 

that pulp as the raw material in another manufactured 

product. These mills may also utilize chemical, heat, and 

mechanical processes to remove ink particles from the fiber 

stock. 

Semi-chemical pulping means a pulping process that 

combines both chemical and mechanical pulping processes. 

The semi-chemical pulping process produces intermediate 

yields ranging from 55 to 90 percent. 

Soda pulping means a chemical pulping process that 

uses sodium hydroxide as the active chemical in the cooking 

liquor. 
Page 15 of 122 

Spent liquor means process liquid generated from the 

separation of cooking liquor from pulp by the pulp washing 

system containing dissolved organic wood materials and 

residual cooking compounds. 

Steam stripper system means a column (including 

associated stripper feed tanks, condensers, or heat 

exchangers) used to remove compounds from wastewater or 

condensates using steam. The steam stripper system also 

contains all equipment associated with a methanol 

rectification process including rectifiers, condensers, 

decanters, storage tanks, and any other equipment serving 

the same function as those previously listed. 

Strong liquor storage tanks means all storage tanks 

containing liquor that has been concentrated in preparation 

for combustion or oxidation in the recovery process. 

Sulfite pulping means a chemical pulping process that 

uses a mixture of sulfurous acid and bisulfite ion as the 

cooking liquor. 

Temperature monitoring device means a piece of 

equipment used to monitor temperature and having an 

accuracy of ±1.0 percent of the temperature being monitored 

expressed in degrees Celsius or ±0.5 degrees Celsius ( °C), 

whichever is greater. 
Page 16 of 122 

Thermal oxidizer means an enclosed device that 

destroys organic compounds by thermal oxidation. 

Turpentine recovery system means all equipment 

associated with recovering turpentine from digester system 

gases including condensers, decanters, storage tanks, and 

any other equipment serving the same function as those 

previously listed. The turpentine recovery system includes 

any liquid streams associated with the turpentine recovery 

process such as turpentine decanter underflow. Liquid 

streams that are intended for byproduct recovery are not 

considered turpentine recovery system condensate streams. 

Weak liquor storage tank means any storage tank except 

washer filtrate tanks containing spent liquor recovered 

from the pulping process and prior to the evaporator 

system. 

§ 63.442 [Reserved] 

§ 63.443 Standards for the pulping system at kraft, soda, 

and semi-chemical processes. 

(a) The owner or operator of each pulping system using 

the kraft process subject to the requirements of this 

subpart shall control the total HAP emissions from the 

following equipment systems, as specified in paragraphs 

(c) and (d) of this section. 
Page 17 of 122 

(1) At existing affected sources, the total HAP 

emissions from the following equipment systems shall be 

controlled: 

(i) Each LVHC system; 

(ii) Each knotter or screen system with total HAP mass 

emission rates greater than or equal to the rates specified 

in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) or (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this 

section or the combined rate specified in paragraph 

(a)(1)(ii)(C) of this section. 

(A) Each knotter system with emissions of 0.05 

kilograms or more of total HAP per megagram of ODP (0.1 

pounds per ton). 

(B) Each screen system with emissions of 0.10 

kilograms or more of total HAP per megagram of ODP (0.2 

pounds per ton). 

(C) Each knotter and screen system with emissions of 

0.15 kilograms or more of total HAP per megagram of ODP 

(0.3 pounds per ton). 

(iii) Each pulp washing system; 

(iv) Each decker system that: 

(A) Uses any process water other than fresh water or 

paper machine white water; or 
Page 18 of 122 

(B) Uses any process water with a total HAP 

concentration greater than 400 parts per million by weight; 

and 

(v) Each oxygen delignification system. 

(2) At new affected sources, the total HAP emissions 

from the equipment systems listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), 

(a)(1)(iii), and (a)(1)(v) of this section and the 

following equipment systems shall be controlled: 

(i) Each knotter system; 

(ii) Each screen system; 

(iii) Each decker system; and 

(iv) Each weak liquor storage tank. 

(b) The owner or operator of each pulping system using 

a semi-chemical or soda process subject to the requirements 

of this subpart shall control the total HAP emissions from 

the following equipment systems as specified in paragraphs 

(c) and (d) of this section. 

(1) At each existing affected source, the total HAP 

emissions from each LVHC system shall be controlled. 

(2) At each new affected source, the total HAP 

emissions from each LVHC system and each pulp washing 

system shall be controlled. 
Page 19 of 122 

(c) Equipment systems listed in paragraphs (a) and (b) 

of this section shall be enclosed and vented into a closedvent system and routed to a control device that meets the 

requirements specified in paragraph (d) of this section. 

The enclosures and closed-vent system shall meet the 

requirements specified in §63.450. 

(d) The control device used to reduce total HAP 

emissions from each equipment system listed in paragraphs 

(a) and (b) of this section shall: 

(1) Reduce total HAP emissions by 98 percent or more 

by weight; or 

(2) Reduce the total HAP concentration at the outlet 

of the thermal oxidizer to 20 parts per million or less by 

volume, corrected to 10 percent oxygen on a dry basis; or 

(3) Reduce total HAP emissions using a thermal 

oxidizer designed and operated at a minimum temperature of 

871 °C (1600 °F) and a minimum residence time of 0.75 

seconds; or 

(4) Reduce total HAP emissions using one of the 

following: 

(i) A boiler, lime kiln, or recovery furnace by 

introducing the HAP emission stream with the primary fuel 

or into the flame zone; or 
Page 20 of 122 

(ii) A boiler or recovery furnace with a heat input 

capacity greater than or equal to 44 megawatts (150 million 

British thermal units per hour) by introducing the HAP 

emission stream with the combustion air. 

(e) Periods of excess emissions reported under §63.455 

shall not be a violation of §63.443 (c) and (d) provided 

that the time of excess emissions (excluding periods of 

startup, shutdown, or malfunction) divided by the total 

process operating time in a semi-annual reporting period 

does not exceed the following levels: 

(1) One percent for control devices used to reduce the 

total HAP emissions from the LVHC system; and 

(2) Four percent for control devices used to reduce 

the total HAP emissions from the HVLC system; and 

(3) Four percent for control devices used to reduce 

the total HAP emissions from both the LVHC and HVLC 

systems. 

§ 63.444 Standards for the pulping system at sulfite 

processes. 

(a) The owner or operator of each sulfite process 

subject to the requirements of this subpart shall control 

the total HAP emissions from the following equipment 

systems as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 

section. 
Page 21 of 122 

(1) At existing sulfite affected sources, the total 

HAP emissions from the following equipment systems shall be 

controlled: 

(i) Each digester system vent; 

(ii) Each evaporator system vent; and 

(iii) Each pulp washing system. 

(2) At new affected sources, the total HAP emissions 

from the equipment systems listed in paragraph (a)(1) of 

this section and the following equipment shall be 

controlled: 

(i) Each weak liquor storage tank; 

(ii) Each strong liquor storage tank; and 

(iii) Each acid condensate storage tank. 

(b) Equipment listed in paragraph (a) of this section 

shall be enclosed and vented into a closed-vent system and 

routed to a control device that meets the requirements 

specified in paragraph (c) of this section. The enclosures 

and closed-vent system shall meet the requirements 

specified in §63.450. Emissions from equipment listed in 

paragraph (a) of this section that is not necessary to be 

reduced to meet paragraph (c) of this section is not 

required to be routed to a control device. 
Page 22 of 122 

(c) The total HAP emissions from both the equipment 

systems listed in paragraph (a) of this section and the 

vents, wastewater, and condensate streams from the control 

device used to reduce HAP emissions, shall be controlled as 

follows. 

(1) Each calcium-based or sodium-based sulfite pulping 

process shall: 

(i) Emit no more than 0.44 kilograms of total HAP or 

methanol per megagram (0.89 pounds per ton) of ODP; or 

(ii) Remove 92 percent or more by weight of the total 

HAP or methanol. 

(2) Each magnesium-based or ammonium-based sulfite 

pulping process shall: 

(i) Emit no more than 1.1 kilograms of total HAP or 

methanol per megagram (2.2 pounds per ton) of ODP; or 

(ii) Remove 87 percent or more by weight of the total 

HAP or methanol. 

§ 63.445 Standards for the bleaching system. 

(a) Each bleaching system that does not use any 

chlorine or chlorinated compounds for bleaching is exempt 

from the requirements of this section. Owners or operators 

of the following bleaching systems shall meet all the 

provisions of this section: 
Page 23 of 122 

(1) Bleaching systems that use chlorine; 

(2) Bleaching systems bleaching pulp from kraft, 

sulfite, or soda pulping processes that use any chlorinated 

compounds; or 

(3) Bleaching systems bleaching pulp from mechanical 

pulping processes using wood or from any process using 

secondary or non-wood fibers, that use chlorine dioxide. 

(b) The equipment at each bleaching stage, of the 

bleaching systems listed in paragraph (a) of this section, 

where chlorinated compounds are introduced shall be 

enclosed and vented into a closed-vent system and routed to 

a control device that meets the requirements specified in 

paragraph (c) of this section. The enclosures and closedvent system shall meet the requirements specified in 

§63.450. If process modifications are used to achieve 

compliance with the emission limits specified in paragraphs 

(c)(2) or (c)(3), enclosures and closed-vent systems are 

not required, unless appropriate. 

(c) The control device used to reduce chlorinated HAP 

emissions (not including chloroform) from the equipment 

specified in paragraph (b) of this section shall: 
Page 24 of 122 

(1) Reduce the total chlorinated HAP mass in the vent 

stream entering the control device by 99 percent or more by 

weight; 

(2) Achieve a treatment device outlet concentration of 

10 parts per million or less by volume of total chlorinated 

HAP; or 

(3) Achieve a treatment device outlet mass emission 

rate of 0.001 kg of total chlorinated HAP mass per megagram 

(0.002 pounds per ton) of ODP. 

(d) The owner or operator of each bleaching system 

subject to paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall comply 

with paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section to reduce 

chloroform air emissions to the atmosphere, except the 

owner or operator of each bleaching system complying with 

extended compliance under §63.440(d)(3)(ii) shall comply 

with paragraph (d)(1) of this section. 

(1) Comply with the following applicable effluent 

limitation guidelines and standards specified in 40 CFR 

part 430: 

(i) Dissolving-grade kraft bleaching systems and 

lines, 40 CFR 430.14 through 430.17; 
Page 25 of 122 

(ii) Paper-grade kraft and soda bleaching systems and 

lines, 40 CFR 430.24(a)(1) and (e), and 40 CFR 430.26 (a) 

and (c); 

(iii) Dissolving-grade sulfite bleaching systems and 

lines, 40 CFR 430.44 through 430.47; or 

(iv) Paper-grade sulfite bleaching systems and lines, 

40 CFR 430.54(a) and (c), and 430.56(a) and (c). 

(2) Use no hypochlorite or chlorine for bleaching in 

the bleaching system or line. 

§ 63.446 Standards for kraft pulping process condensates. 

(a) The requirements of this section apply to owners 

or operators of kraft processes subject to the requirements 

of this subpart. 

(b) The pulping process condensates from the following 

equipment systems shall be treated to meet the requirements 

specified in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section: 

(1) Each digester system; 

(2) Each turpentine recovery system; 

(3) Each evaporator system condensate from: 

(i) The vapors from each stage where weak liquor is 

introduced (feed stages); and 

(ii) Each evaporator vacuum system for each stage 

where weak liquor is introduced (feed stages). 
Page 26 of 122 

(4) Each HVLC collection system; and 

(5) Each LVHC collection system. 

(c) One of the following combinations of HAPcontaining pulping process condensates generated, produced, 

or associated with the equipment systems listed in 

paragraph (b) of this section shall be subject to the 

requirements of paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section: 

(1) All pulping process condensates from the equipment 

systems specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of 

this section. 

(2) The combined pulping process condensates from the 

equipment systems specified in paragraphs (b)(4) and (b)(5) 

of this section, plus pulping process condensate stream(s) 

that in total contain at least 65 percent of the total HAP 

mass from the pulping process condensates from equipment 

systems listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this 

section. 

(3) The pulping process condensates from equipment 

systems listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this 

section that in total contain a total HAP mass of 3.6 

kilograms or more of total HAP per megagram (7.2 pounds per 

ton) of ODP for mills that do not perform bleaching or 5.5 
Page 27 of 122 

kilograms or more of total HAP per megagram (11.1 pounds 

per ton) of ODP for mills that perform bleaching. 

(d) The pulping process condensates from the equipment 

systems listed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be 

conveyed in a closed collection system that is designed and 

operated to meet the requirements specified in paragraphs 

(d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section. 

(1) Each closed collection system shall meet the 

individual drain system requirements specified in §§63.960, 

63.961, and 63.962 of subpart RR of this part, except for 

closed vent systems and control devices shall be designed 

and operated in accordance with §§63.443(d) and 63.450, 

instead of in accordance with §63.693 as specified in 

§63.962 (a)(3)(ii), (b)(3)(ii)(A), and (b)(5)(iii); and 

(2) If a condensate tank is used in the closed 

collection system, the tank shall meet the following 

requirements: 

(i) The fixed roof and all openings (e.g., access 

hatches, sampling ports, gauge wells) shall be designed and 

operated with no detectable leaks as indicated by an 

instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million above 

background, and vented into a closed-vent system that meets 
Page 28 of 122 

the requirements in §63.450 and routed to a control device 

that meets the requirements in §63.443(d); and 

(ii) Each opening shall be maintained in a closed, 

sealed position (e.g., covered by a lid that is gasketed 

and latched) at all times that the tank contains pulping 

process condensates or any HAP removed from a pulping 

process condensate stream except when it is necessary to 

use the opening for sampling, removal, or for equipment 

inspection, maintenance, or repair. 

(e) Each pulping process condensate from the equipment 

systems listed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be 

treated according to one of the following options: 

(1) Recycle the pulping process condensate to an 

equipment system specified in §63.443(a) meeting the 

requirements specified in §63.443(c) and (d); or 

(2) Discharge the pulping process condensate below the 

liquid surface of a biological treatment system and treat 

the pulping process condensates to meet the requirements 

specified in paragraph (e)(3), (4), or (5) of this section, 

and total HAP shall be measured as specified in §63.457(g); 

or 

(3) Treat the pulping process condensates to reduce or 

destroy the total HAPs by at least 92 percent or more by 
Page 29 of 122 

weight on or before [INSERT DATE 3 YEARS FROM DATE OF 

PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. After 

[INSERT DATE 3 YEARS FROM DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE 

IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], treat pulping process condensates 

to reduce or destroy the total HAPs by at least 94 percent 

or more by weight; or 

(4) At mills that do not perform bleaching, on or 

before [INSERT DATE 3 YEARS FROM DATE OF PUBLICATION OF 

FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] treat the pulping 

process condensates to remove 3.3 kilograms or more of 

total HAP per megagram (6.6 pounds per ton) of ODP, or 

achieve a total HAP concentration of 210 parts per million 

or less by weight at the outlet of the control device; . 

After [INSERT DATE 3 YEARS FROM DATE OF PUBLICATION OF 

FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], treat the pulping 

process condensates to remove 4.2 kilograms or more of 

total HAP per megagram (8.3 pounds per ton) of ODP, or 

achieve a total HAP concentration of 158 parts per million 

or less by weight at the outlet of the control device; or 

(5) At mills that perform bleaching, on or before

[INSERT DATE 3 YEARS FROM DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE 

IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] treat the pulping process 

condensates to remove 5.1 kilograms or more of total HAP 
Page 30 of 122 

per megagram (10.2 pounds per ton) of ODP, or achieve a 

total HAP concentration of 330 parts per million or less by 

weight at the outlet of the control device. After [INSERT 

DATE 3 YEARS FROM DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE 

FEDERAL REGISTER], treat the pulping process condensates to 

remove 6.4 kilograms or more of total HAP per megagram 

(12.8 pounds per ton) of ODP, or achieve a total HAP 

concentration of 248 parts per million or less by weight at 

the outlet of the control device.

(f) Each HAP removed from a pulping process condensate 

stream during treatment and handling under paragraphs (d) 

or (e) of this section, except for those treated according 

to paragraph (e)(2) of this section, shall be controlled as 

specified in §63.443(c) and (d). 

(g) For each control device (e.g. steam stripper 

system or other equipment serving the same function) used 

to treat pulping process condensates to comply with the 

requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(3) through (e)(5) 

of this section, periods of excess emissions reported under 

§63.455 shall not be a violation of paragraphs (d), (e)(3) 

through (e)(5), and (f) of this section provided that the 

time of excess emissions (including periods of startup,

shutdown, or malfunction) divided by the total process 
Page 31 of 122 

operating time in a semi-annual reporting period does not 

exceed 10 percent. The 10 percent excess emissions 

allowance does not apply to treatment of pulping process 

condensates according to paragraph (e)(2) of this section 

(e.g. the biological wastewater treatment system used to 

treat multiple (primarily non-condensate) wastewater 

streams to comply with the Clean Water Act). 

(h) Each owner or operator of a new or existing 

affected source subject to the requirements of this section 

shall evaluate all new or modified pulping process 

condensates or changes in the annual bleached or nonbleached ODP used to comply with paragraph (i) of this 

section, to determine if they meet the applicable 

requirements of this section. 

(i) For the purposes of meeting the requirements in 

paragraph (c)(2) or (3) or paragraph (e)(4) or (5) of this 

section at mills producing both bleached and unbleached 

pulp products, owners and operators may meet a prorated 

mass standard that is calculated by prorating the 

applicable mass standards (kilograms of total HAP per 

megagram of ODP) for bleached and unbleached mills 

specified in paragraph (c)(2) or (3) or paragraph (e)(4) or 
Page 32 of 122 

(5) of this section by the ratio of annual megagrams of 

bleached and unbleached ODP. 

§ 63.447 Clean condensate alternative. 

As an alternative to the requirements specified in 

§63.443(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(v) for the control of HAP 

emissions from pulping systems using the kraft process, an 

owner or operator must demonstrate to the satisfaction of 

the Administrator, by meeting all the requirements below, 

that the total HAP emissions reductions achieved by this 

clean condensate alternative technology are equal to or 

greater than the total HAP emission reductions that would 

have been achieved by compliance with §63.443(a)(1)(ii) 

through (a)(1)(v). 

(a) For the purposes of this section only the 

following additional definitions apply. 

(1) Clean condensate alternative affected source means 

the total of all HAP emission points in the pulping, 

bleaching, causticizing, and papermaking systems (exclusive 

of HAP emissions attributable to additives to paper 

machines and HAP emission points in the LVHC system). 

(2) Causticizing system means all equipment associated 

with converting sodium carbonate into active sodium 

hydroxide. The equipment includes smelt dissolving tanks, 
Page 33 of 122 

lime mud washers and storage tanks, white and mud liquor 

clarifiers and storage tanks, slakers, slaker grit washers, 

lime kilns, green liquor clarifiers and storage tanks, and 

dreg washers ending with the white liquor storage tanks 

prior to the digester system, and any other equipment 

serving the same function as those previously listed. 

(3) Papermaking system means all equipment used to 

convert pulp into paper, paperboard, or market pulp, 

including the stock storage and preparation systems, the 

paper or paperboard machines, and the paper machine white 

water system, broke recovery systems, and the systems 

involved in calendering, drying, on-machine coating, 

slitting, winding, and cutting. 

(b) Each owner or operator shall install and operate a 

clean condensate alternative technology with a continuous 

monitoring system to reduce total HAP emissions by treating 

and reducing HAP concentrations in the pulping process 

water used within the clean condensate alternative affected 

source. 

(c) Each owner or operator shall calculate HAP 

emissions on a kilogram per megagram of ODP basis and 

measure HAP emissions according to the appropriate 

procedures contained in §63.457. 
Page 34 of 122 

(d) Each owner or operator shall determine the 

baseline HAP emissions for each equipment system and the 

total of all equipment systems in the clean condensate 

alternative affected source based on the following: 

(1) Process and air pollution control equipment 

installed and operating on December 17, 1993, and 

(2) Compliance with the following requirements that 

affect the level of HAP emissions from the clean condensate 

alternative affected source: 

(i) The pulping process condensates requirements in 

§63.446; 

(ii) The applicable effluent limitation guidelines and 

standards in 40 CFR part 430, subparts A, B, D, and E; and 

(iii) All other applicable requirements of local, 

State, or Federal agencies or statutes. 

(e) Each owner or operator shall determine the 

following HAP emission reductions from the baseline HAP 

emissions determined in paragraph (d) of this section for 

each equipment system and the total of all equipment 

systems in the clean condensate alternative affected 

source: 
Page 35 of 122 

(1) The HAP emission reduction occurring by complying 

with the requirements of §63.443(a)(1)(ii) through 

(a)(1)(v); and 

(2) The HAP emissions reduction occurring by complying 

with the clean condensate alternative technology. 

(f) For the purposes of all requirements in this 

section, each owner or operator may use as an alternative, 

individual equipment systems (instead of total of all 

equipment systems) within the clean condensate alternative 

affected source to determine emissions and reductions to 

demonstrate equal or greater than the reductions that would 

have been achieved by compliance with §63.443(a)(1)(ii) 

through (a)(1)(v). 

(g) The initial and updates to the control strategy 

report specified in §63.455(b) shall include to the extent 

possible the following information: 

(1) A detailed description of: 

(i) The equipment systems and emission points that 

comprise the clean condensate alternative affected source; 

(ii) The air pollution control technologies that would 

be used to meet the requirements of §63.443(a)(1)(ii) 

through (a)(1)(v); and 
Page 36 of 122 

(iii) The clean condensate alternative technology to 

be used. 

(2) Estimates and basis for the estimates of total HAP 

emissions and emission reductions to fulfill the 

requirements of paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this 

section. 

(h) Each owner or operator shall report to the 

Administrator by the applicable compliance date specified 

in §63.440(d) or (e) the rationale, calculations, test 

procedures, and data documentation used to demonstrate 

compliance with all the requirements of this section. 

§§ 63.448-63.449 [Reserved] 

§ 63.450 Standards for enclosures and closed-vent 

systems. 

(a) Each enclosure and closed-vent system specified in 

§§63.443(c), 63.444(b), and 63.445(b) for capturing and 

transporting vent streams that contain HAP shall meet the 

requirements specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of 

this section. 

(b) Each enclosure shall maintain negative pressure at 

each enclosure or hood opening as demonstrated by the 

procedures specified in §63.457(e). Each enclosure or hood 

opening closed during the initial performance test 

specified in §63.457(a) shall be maintained in the same 
Page 37 of 122 

closed and sealed position as during the performance test 

at all times except when necessary to use the opening for 

sampling, inspection, maintenance, or repairs. 

(c) Each component of the closed-vent system used to 

comply with §§63.443(c), 63.444(b), and 63.445(b) that is 

operated at positive pressure and located prior to a 

control device shall be designed for and operated with no 

detectable leaks as indicated by an instrument reading of 

less than 500 parts per million by volume above background, 

as measured by the procedures specified in §63.457(d). 

(d) Each bypass line in the closed-vent system that 

could divert vent streams containing HAP to the atmosphere 

without meeting the emission limitations in §§63.443, 

63.444, or 63.445 shall comply with either of the following 

requirements: 

(1) On each bypass line, the owner or operator shall 

install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the 

manufacturer's specifications a flow indicator that is 

capable of taking periodic readings as frequently as 

specified in §63.454(e). The flow indicator shall be 

installed in the bypass line in such a way as to indicate 

flow in the bypass line; or 
Page 38 of 122 

(2) For bypass line valves that are not computer 

controlled, the owner or operator shall maintain the bypass 

line valve in the closed position with a car seal or a seal 

placed on the valve or closure mechanism in such a way that 

valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without 

breaking the seal. 

§§ 63.451-63.452 [Reserved] 

§ 63.453 Monitoring requirements. 

(a) Each owner or operator subject to the standards 

specified in §§63.443(c) and (d), 63.444(b) and (c), 

63.445(b) and (c), 63.446(c), (d), and (e), 63.447(b) or 

§63.450(d), shall install, calibrate, certify, operate, and 

maintain according to the manufacturer's specifications, a 

continuous monitoring system (CMS, as defined in §63.2 of 

this part) as specified in paragraphs (b) through (m) of 

this section, except as allowed in paragraph (m) of this 

section. The CMS shall include a continuous recorder. 

(b) A CMS shall be operated to measure the temperature 

in the firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of 

the firebox and before any substantial heat exchange occurs 

for each thermal oxidizer used to comply with the 

requirements of §63.443(d)(1) through (d)(3). Owners and 

operators complying with the HAP concentration requirements 
Page 39 of 122 

in §63.443(d)(2) may install a CMS to monitor the thermal 

oxidizer outlet total HAP or methanol concentration, as an 

alternative to monitoring thermal oxidizer operating 

temperature. 

(c) A CMS shall be operated to measure the following 

parameters for each gas scrubber used to comply with the 

bleaching system requirements of §63.445(c) or the sulfite 

pulping system requirements of §63.444(c). 

(1) The pH or the oxidation/reduction potential of the 

gas scrubber effluent; 

(2) The gas scrubber vent gas inlet flow rate; and 

(3) The gas scrubber liquid influent flow rate. 

(d) As an option to the requirements specified in 

paragraph (c) of this section, a CMS shall be operated to 

measure the chlorine outlet concentration of each gas 

scrubber used to comply with the bleaching system outlet 

concentration requirement specified in §63.445(c)(2). 

(e) The owner or operator of a bleaching system 

complying with 40 CFR 430.24, shall monitor the chlorine 

and hypochlorite application rates, in kg of bleaching 

agent per megagram of ODP, of the bleaching system during 

the extended compliance period specified in §63.440(d)(3). 
Page 40 of 122 

(f) A CMS shall be operated to measure the gas 

scrubber parameters specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through 

(c)(3) of this section or those site specific parameters 

determined according to the procedures specified in 

paragraph (n) of this section to comply with the sulfite 

pulping system requirements specified in §63.444(c). 

(g) A CMS shall be operated to measure the following 

parameters for each steam stripper used to comply with the 

treatment requirements in §63.446(e) (3), (4), or (5): 

(1) The process wastewater feed rate; 

(2) The steam feed rate; and 

(3) The process wastewater column feed temperature. 

(h) As an option to the requirements specified in 

paragraph (g) of this section, a CMS shall be operated to 

measure the methanol outlet concentration to comply with 

the steam stripper outlet concentration requirement 

specified in §63.446 (e)(4) or (e)(5). 

(i) A CMS shall be operated to measure the appropriate 

parameters determined according to the procedures specified 

in paragraph (n) of this section to comply with the 

condensate applicability requirements specified in 

§63.446(c). 
Page 41 of 122 

(j) Each owner or operator using an open biological 

treatment system to comply with §63.446(e)(2) shall perform 

the daily monitoring procedures specified in either 

paragraph (j)(1) or (2) of this section and shall conduct a 

performance test each quarter using the procedures 

specified in paragraph (j)(3) of this section. 

(1) Comply with the monitoring and sampling 

requirements specified in paragraphs (j)(1)(i) and (ii) of 

this section. 

(i) On a daily basis, monitor the following parameters 

for each open biological treatment unit: 

(A) Composite daily sample of outlet soluble BOD5

concentration to monitor for maximum daily and maximum 

monthly average; 

(B) Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids; 

(C) Horsepower of aerator unit(s); 

(D) Inlet liquid flow; and 

(E) Liquid temperature. 

(ii) If the Inlet and Outlet Concentration Measurement 

Procedure (Procedure 3) in appendix C of this part is used 

to determine the fraction of HAP compounds degraded in the 

biological treatment system as specified in §63.457(l), 
Page 42 of 122 

conduct the sampling and archival requirements specified in 

paragraphs (j)(1)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section. 

(A) Obtain daily inlet and outlet liquid grab samples 

from each biological treatment unit to have HAP data 

available to perform quarterly performance tests specified 

in paragraph (j)(3) of this section and the compliance 

tests specified in paragraph (p) of this section. 

(B) Store the samples as specified in §63.457(n) until 

after the results of the soluble BOD5 test required in 

paragraph (j)(1)(i)(A) of this section are obtained. The 

storage requirement is needed since the soluble BOD5 test 

requires 5 days or more to obtain results. If the results 

of the soluble BOD5 test are outside of the range 

established during the initial performance test, then the 

archive sample shall be used to perform the mass removal or 

percent reduction determinations. 

(2) As an alternative to the monitoring requirements 

of paragraph (j)(1) of this section, conduct daily 

monitoring of the site-specific parameters established 

according to the procedures specified in paragraph (n) of 

this section. 

(3) Conduct a performance test as specified in 

§63.457(l) within 45 days after the beginning of each 
Page 43 of 122 

quarter and meet the applicable emission limit in 

§63.446(e)(2). 

(i) The performance test conducted in the first 

quarter (annually) shall be performed for total HAP as 

specified in §63.457(g) and meet the percent reduction or 

mass removal emission limit specified in §63.446(e)(2). 

(ii) The remaining quarterly performance tests shall 

be performed as specified in paragraph (j)(3)(i) of this 

section except owners or operators may use the applicable 

methanol procedure in §63.457(l)(1) or (2) and the value of 

r determined during the first quarter test instead of 

measuring the additional HAP to determine a new value of r. 

(k) Each enclosure and closed-vent system used to 

comply with §63.450(a) shall comply with the requirements 

specified in paragraphs (k)(1) through (k)(6) of this 

section. 

(1) For each enclosure opening, a visual inspection of 

the closure mechanism specified in §63.450(b) shall be 

performed at least once every 30 days to ensure the opening 

is maintained in the closed position and sealed. 

(2) Each closed-vent system required by §63.450(a) 

shall be visually inspected every 30 days and at other 

times as requested by the Administrator. The visual 
Page 44 of 122 

inspection shall include inspection of ductwork, piping, 

enclosures, and connections to covers for visible evidence 

of defects. 

(3) For positive pressure closed-vent systems or 

portions of closed-vent systems, demonstrate no detectable 

leaks as specified in §63.450(c) measured initially and 

annually by the procedures in §63.457(d). 

(4) Demonstrate initially and annually that each 

enclosure opening is maintained at negative pressure as 

specified in §63.457(e). 

(5) The valve or closure mechanism specified in 

§63.450(d)(2) shall be inspected at least once every 30 

days to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed 

position and the emission point gas stream is not diverted 

through the bypass line. 

(6) If an inspection required by paragraphs (k)(1) 

through (k)(5) of this section identifies visible defects 

in ductwork, piping, enclosures or connections to covers 

required by §63.450, or if an instrument reading of 500 

parts per million by volume or greater above background is 

measured, or if enclosure openings are not maintained at 

negative pressure, then the following corrective actions 

shall be taken as soon as practicable. 
Page 45 of 122 

(i) A first effort to repair or correct the closedvent system shall be made as soon as practicable but no 

later than 5 calendar days after the problem is identified. 

(ii) The repair or corrective action shall be 

completed no later than 15 calendar days after the problem 

is identified. Delay of repair or corrective action is 

allowed if the repair or corrective action is technically 

infeasible without a process unit shutdown or if the owner 

or operator determines that the emissions resulting from 

immediate repair would be greater than the emissions likely 

to result from delay of repair. Repair of such equipment 

shall be completed by the end of the next process unit 

shutdown. 

(l) Each pulping process condensate closed collection 

system used to comply with §63.446(d) shall comply with the 

requirements specified in paragraphs (l)(1) through (l)(3) 

of this section. 

(1) Each pulping process condensate closed collection 

system shall be visually inspected every 30 days and shall 

comply with the inspection and monitoring requirements 

specified in §63.964 of subpart RR of this part, except: 
Page 46 of 122 

(i) Owners or operators shall comply with the 

recordkeeping requirements of §63.454 instead of the 

requirements specified in §63.964(a)(1)(vi) and 

(b)(3) of subpart RR of this part. 

(ii) Owners or operators shall comply with the 

inspection and monitoring requirements for closed-vent 

systems and control devices specified in paragraphs (a) and 

(k) of this section instead of the requirements specified 

in §63.964(a)(2) of subpart RR of this part. 

(2) Each condensate tank used in the closed collection 

system shall be operated with no detectable leaks as 

specified in §63.446(d)(2)(i) measured initially and 

annually by the procedures specified in §63.457(d). 

(3) If an inspection required by this section 

identifies visible defects in the closed collection system, 

or if an instrument reading of 500 parts per million or 

greater above background is measured, then corrective 

actions specified in §63.964(b) of subpart RR of this part 

shall be taken. 

(m) Each owner or operator using a control device, 

technique or an alternative parameter other than those 

specified in paragraphs (b) through (l) of this section 

shall install a CMS and establish appropriate operating 
Page 47 of 122 

parameters to be monitored that demonstrate, to the 

Administrator's satisfaction, continuous compliance with 

the applicable control requirements. 

(n) To establish or reestablish the value for each 

operating parameter required to be monitored under 

paragraphs (b) through (j), (l), and (m) of this section or 

to establish appropriate parameters for paragraphs (f), 

(i), (j)(2), and (m) of this section, each owner or 

operator shall use the following procedures: 

(1) During the initial performance test required in 

§63.457(a) or any subsequent performance test, continuously 

record the operating parameter; 

(2) Determinations shall be based on the control 

performance and parameter data monitored during the 

performance test, supplemented if necessary by engineering 

assessments and the manufacturer's recommendations; 

(3) The owner or operator shall provide for the 

Administrator's approval the rationale for selecting the 

monitoring parameters necessary to comply with paragraphs 

(f), (i), and (m) of this section; and 

(4) Provide for the Administrator's approval the 

rationale for the selected operating parameter value, and 

monitoring frequency, and averaging time. Include all data 
Page 48 of 122 

and calculations used to develop the value and a 

description of why the value, monitoring frequency, and 

averaging time demonstrate continuous compliance with the 

applicable emission standard. 

(o) Each owner or operator of a control device subject 

to the monitoring provisions of this section shall operate 

the control device in a manner consistent with the minimum 

or maximum (as appropriate) operating parameter value or 

procedure required to be monitored under paragraphs (a) 

through (n) of this section and established under this 

subpart. Except as provided in paragraph (p) of this 

section, §63.443(e), or §63.446(g), operation of the 

control device below minimum operating parameter values or 

above maximum operating parameter values established under 

this subpart or failure to perform procedures required by 

this subpart shall constitute a violation of the applicable 

emission standard of this subpart and be reported as a 

period of excess emissions. 

(p) The procedures of this paragraph apply to each 

owner or operator of an open biological treatment system 

complying with paragraph (j) of this section whenever a 

monitoring parameter excursion occurs, and the owner or 

operator chooses to conduct a performance test to 
Page 49 of 122 

demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limit. 

A monitoring parameter excursion occurs whenever the 

monitoring parameters specified in paragraphs 

(j)(1)(i)(A) through (C) of this section or any of the 

monitoring parameters specified in paragraph (j)(2) of this 

section are below minimum operating parameter values or 

above maximum operating parameter values established in 

paragraph (n) of this section. 

(1) As soon as practical after the beginning of the 

monitoring parameter excursion, the following requirements 

shall be met: 

(i) Before the steps in paragraph (p)(1)(ii) or (iii) 

of this section are performed, all sampling and 

measurements necessary to meet the requirements in 

paragraph (p)(2) of this section shall be conducted. 

(ii) Steps shall be taken to repair or adjust the 

operation of the process to end the parameter excursion 

period. 

(iii) Steps shall be taken to minimize total HAP 

emissions to the atmosphere during the parameter excursion 

period. 

(2) A parameter excursion is not a violation of the 

applicable emission standard if the results of the 
Page 50 of 122 

performance test conducted using the procedures in this 

paragraph demonstrate compliance with the applicable 

emission limit in §63.446(e)(2). 

(i) Conduct a performance test as specified in §63.457 

using the monitoring data specified in paragraph (j)(1) or 

(2) of this section that coincides with the time of the 

parameter excursion. No maintenance or changes shall be 

made to the open biological treatment system after the 

beginning of a parameter excursion that would influence the 

results of the performance test. 

(ii) If the results of the performance test specified 

in paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this section demonstrate 

compliance with the applicable emission limit in 

§63.446(e)(2), then the parameter excursion is not a 

violation of the applicable emission limit. 

(iii) If the results of the performance test specified 

in paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this section do not demonstrate 

compliance with the applicable emission limit in 

§63.446(e)(2) because the total HAP mass entering the open 

biological treatment system is below the level needed to 

demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limit 

in §63.446(e)(2), then the owner or operator shall perform 

the following comparisons: 
Page 51 of 122 

(A) If the value of fbio(MeOH) determined during the 

performance test specified in paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this 

section is within the range of values established during 

the initial and subsequent performance tests approved by 

the Administrator, then the parameter excursion is not a 

violation of the applicable standard. 

(B) If the value of fbio(MeOH) determined during the 

performance test specified in paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this 

section is not within the range of values established 

during the initial and subsequent performance tests 

approved by the Administrator, then the parameter excursion 

is a violation of the applicable standard. 

(iv) The results of the performance test specified in 

paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this section shall be recorded as 

specified in §63.454(f). 

(3) If an owner or operator determines that performing 

the required procedures under paragraph (p)(2) of this 

section for a nonthoroughly mixed open biological system 

would expose a worker to dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise 

unsafe conditions, all of the following procedures shall be 

performed: 

(i) Calculate the mass removal or percent reduction 

value using the procedures specified in §63.457(l) except 
Page 52 of 122 

the value for fbio(MeOH) shall be determined using the 

procedures in appendix E to this part. 

(ii) Repeat the procedures in paragraph (p)(3)(i) of 

this section for every day until the unsafe conditions have 

passed. 

(iii) A parameter excursion is a violation of the 

standard if the percent reduction or mass removal 

determined in paragraph (p)(3)(i) of this section is less 

than the percent reduction or mass removal standards 

specified in §63.446(e)(2), as appropriate, unless the 

value of fbio(MeOH) determined using the procedures in 

appendix E of this section, as specified in paragraph 

(p)(3)(i), is within the range of fbio(MeOH) values 

established during the initial and subsequent performance 

tests previously approved by the Administrator. 

(iv) The determination that there is a condition that 

exposes a worker to dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise 

unsafe conditions shall be documented according to 

requirements in §63.454(e) and reporting in §63.455(f). 

(v) The requirements of paragraphs (p)(1) and (2) of 

this section shall be performed and met as soon as 

practical but no later than 24 hours after the conditions 
Page 53 of 122 

have passed that exposed a worker to dangerous, hazardous, 

or otherwise unsafe conditions. 

(q) At all times, the owner or operator must operate 

and maintain any affected source, including associated air 

pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a 

manner consistent with safety and good air pollution 

control practices for minimizing emissions. Determination 

of whether such operation and maintenance procedures are 

being used will be based on information available to the

Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, 

monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance 

procedures, review of operation and maintenance records, 

and inspection of the source.

§63.454 Recordkeeping requirements. 

(a) The owner or operator of each affected source 

subject to the requirements of this subpart shall comply 

with the recordkeeping requirements of §63.10, as shown in 

table 1 of this subpart, and the requirements specified in 

paragraphs (b) through (gf) of this section for the 

monitoring parameters specified in §63.453. 

(b) For each applicable enclosure opening, closed-vent 

system, and closed collection system, the owner or operator 

shall prepare and maintain a site-specific inspection plan 
Page 54 of 122 

including a drawing or schematic of the components of 

applicable affected equipment and shall record the 

following information for each inspection: 

(1) Date of inspection; 

(2) The equipment type and identification; 

(3) Results of negative pressure tests for enclosures; 

(4) Results of leak detection tests; 

(5) The nature of the defect or leak and the method of 

detection (i.e., visual inspection or instrument 

detection); 

(6) The date the defect or leak was detected and the 

date of each attempt to repair the defect or leak; 

(7) Repair methods applied in each attempt to repair 

the defect or leak; 

(8) The reason for the delay if the defect or leak is 

not repaired within 15 days after discovery; 

(9) The expected date of successful repair of the 

defect or leak if the repair is not completed within 15 

days; 

(10) The date of successful repair of the defect or 

leak; 

(11) The position and duration of opening of bypass 

line valves and the condition of any valve seals; and 
Page 55 of 122 

(12) The duration of the use of bypass valves on 

computer controlled valves. 

(c) The owner or operator of a bleaching system 

complying with §63.440(d)(3)(ii)(B) shall record the daily 

average chlorine and hypochlorite application rates, in kg 

of bleaching agent per megagram of ODP, of the bleaching 

system until the requirements specified in 

§63.440(d)(3)(ii)(A) are met. 

(d) The owner or operator shall record the CMS 

parameters specified in §63.453 and meet the requirements 

specified in paragraph (a) of this section for any new 

affected process equipment or pulping process condensate 

stream that becomes subject to the standards in this 

subpart due to a process change or modification. 

(e) The owner or operator shall set the flow indicator 

on each bypass line specified in §63.450(d)(1) to provide a 

record of the presence of gas stream flow in the bypass 

line at least once every 15 minutes. 

(f) The owner or operator of an open biological 

treatment system complying with §63.453(p) shall prepare a 

written record specifying the results of the performance 

test specified in §63.453(p)(2).
Page 56 of 122 

(g) Recordkeeping of malfunctions. The owner or 

operator must maintain the following records of 

malfunctions:

(1) Records of the occurrence and duration of each 

malfunction of operation (i.e., process equipment) or the 

air pollution control and monitoring equipment.

(2) Records of actions taken during periods of 

malfunction to minimize emissions in accordance with 

§63.453(q), including corrective actions to restore 

malfunctioning process and air pollution control and 

monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of 

operation.

§ 63.455 Reporting requirements. 

(a) Each owner or operator of a source subject to this 

subpart shall comply with the reporting requirements of 

subpart A of this part as specified in table 1 and all the 

following requirements in this section. The initial 

notification report specified under §63.9(b)(2) of subpart 

A of this part shall be submitted by April 15, 1999. 

(b) Each owner or operator of a kraft pulping system 

specified in §63.440(d)(1) or a bleaching system specified 

in §63.440(d)(3)(ii) shall submit, with the initial 

notification report specified under §63.9(b)(2) of subpart 
Page 57 of 122 

A of this part and paragraph (a) of this section and update 

every two years thereafter, a non-binding control strategy 

report containing, at a minimum, the information specified 

in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section in 

addition to the information required in §63.9(b)(2) of 

subpart A of this part. 

(1) A description of the emission controls or process 

modifications selected for compliance with the control 

requirements in this standard. 

(2) A compliance schedule, including the dates by 

which each step toward compliance will be reached for each 

emission point or sets of emission points. At a minimum, 

the list of dates shall include: 

(i) The date by which the major study(s) for 

determining the compliance strategy will be completed; 

(ii) The date by which contracts for emission controls 

or process modifications will be awarded, or the date by 

which orders will be issued for the purchase of major 

components to accomplish emission controls or process 

changes; 

(iii) The date by which on-site construction, 

installation of emission control equipment, or a process 

change is to be initiated; 
Page 58 of 122 

(iv) The date by which on-site construction, 

installation of emissions control equipment, or a process 

change is to be completed; 

(v) The date by which final compliance is to be 

achieved; 

(vi) For compliance with paragraph §63.440(d)(3)(ii), 

the tentative dates by which compliance with effluent 

limitation guidelines and standards intermediate pollutant 

load effluent reductions and as available, all the dates 

for the best available technology's milestones reported in 

the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

authorized under section 402 of the Clean Water Act and for 

the best professional milestones in the Voluntary Advanced 

Technology Incentives Program under 40 CFR 430.24 

(b)(2); and 

(vii) The date by which the final compliance tests 

will be performed. 

(3) Until compliance is achieved, revisions or updates 

shall be made to the control strategy report required by 

paragraph (b) of this section indicating the progress made 

towards completing the installation of the emission 

controls or process modifications during the 2-year period. 
Page 59 of 122 

(c) The owner or operator of each bleaching system 

complying with §63.440(d)(3)(ii)(B) shall certify in the 

report specified under §63.10(e)(3) of subpart A of this 

part that the daily application rates of chlorine and 

hypochlorite for that bleaching system have not increased 

as specified in §63.440(d)(3)(ii)(B) until the requirements 

of §63.440(d)(3)(ii)(A) are met. 

(d) The owner or operator shall meet the requirements 

specified in paragraph (a) of this section upon startup of 

any new affected process equipment or pulping process 

condensate stream that becomes subject to the standards of 

this subpart due to a process change or modification. 

(e) If the owner or operator uses the results of the 

performance test required in §63.453(p)(2) to revise the 

approved values or ranges of the monitoring parameters 

specified in §63.453(j)(1) or (2), the owner or operator 

shall submit an initial notification of the subsequent 

performance test to the Administrator as soon as 

practicable, but no later than 15 days, before the 

performance test required in §63.453(p)(2) is scheduled to 

be conducted. The owner or operator shall notify the 

Administrator as soon as practicable, but no later than 24 

hours, before the performance test is scheduled to be 
Page 60 of 122 

conducted to confirm the exact date and time of the 

performance test. 

(f) To comply with the open biological treatment 

system monitoring provisions of §63.453(p)(3), the owner or 

operator shall notify the Administrator as soon as 

practicable of the onset of the dangerous, hazardous, or 

otherwise unsafe conditions that did not allow a compliance 

determination to be conducted using the sampling and test 

procedures in §63.457(l). The notification shall occur no 

later than 24 hours after the onset of the dangerous, 

hazardous, or otherwise unsafe conditions and shall include 

the specific reason(s) that the sampling and test 

procedures in §63.457(l) could not be performed. 

(g) Malfunction reporting requirements. If a 

malfunction occurred during the reporting period, the 

report must include the number, duration, and a brief 

description for each type of malfunction which occurred 

during the reporting period and which caused or may have 

caused any applicable emission limitation to be exceeded. 

The report must also include a description of actions taken 

by an owner or operator during a malfunction of an affected 

source to minimize emissions in accordance with §63.453(q), 

including actions taken to correct a malfunction.
Page 61 of 122 

(h) You must submit performance test reports as 

specified in paragraphs (h)(1) through (4). 

(1) The owner or operator of an affected source shall 

report the results of the performance test before the close 

of business on the 60th day following the completion of the 

performance test, unless approved otherwise in writing by 

the Administrator. A performance test is “completed” when 

field sample collection is terminated. Unless otherwise 

approved by the Administrator in writing, results of a 

performance test shall include the analysis of samples, 

determination of emissions, and raw data. A complete test 

report must include the purpose of the test; a brief 

process description; a complete unit description, including 

a description of feed streams and control devices; sampling 

site description; pollutants measured; description of 

sampling and analysis procedures and any modifications to 

standard procedures; quality assurance procedures; record 

of operating conditions, including operating parameters for 

which limits are being set, during the test; record of 

preparation of standards; record of calibrations; raw data 

sheets for field sampling; raw data sheets for field and 

laboratory analyses; chain-of-custody documentation; 

explanation of laboratory data qualifiers; example 
Page 62 of 122 

calculations of all applicable stack gas parameters, 

emission rates, percent reduction rates, and analytical 

results, as applicable; and any other information required 

by the test method and the Administrator. 

(2) As of January 1, 2012 and within 60 days after 

the date of completing each performance test, you must 

submit performance test data, except opacity data, 

electronically to EPA’s Central Data Exchange (CDX) by 

using the Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) (see 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert_tool.html) and also 

report the results of the performance test to the 

appropriate permitting authority in the form and-or format 

specified by the permitting authority. Only data collected 

using test methods compatible with ERT are subject to this 

requirement to be submitted electronically to EPA’s CDX. 

(3) Within 60 days after the date of completing each 

CEMS performance evaluation test, as defined in §63.2 and 

required by this subpart, you must submit the relative 

accuracy test audit data electronically into EPA’s CDX by 

using the ERT as mentioned in paragraph (h)(2) of this 

section and also report the results of the performance test 

to the appropriate permitting authority in the form and-or 

format specified by the permitting authority. Only data 
Page 63 of 122 

collected using test methods compatible with ERT are 

subject to this requirement to be submitted electronically 

to EPA’s CDX.

(4) All reports required by this subpart not subject 

to the requirements in paragraphs (h)(2) and (3) of this 

section must be sent to the Administrator at the 

appropriate address listed in §63.13. The Administrator or 

the delegated authority may request a report in any form 

suitable for the specific case (e.g., by electronic media 

such as Excel spreadsheet, on CD or hard copy). The 

Administrator retains the right to require submittal of 

reports subject to paragraphs (h)(2) and (3) of this 

section in paper format.

§ 63.456 [Reserved]

§ 63.456 Affirmative Defense for Exceedance of Emission 

Limit During Malfunction.

In response to an action to enforce the standards set 

forth in paragraphs §§63.443(c) and (d), 63.444(b) and (c), 

63.445(b) and (c), 63.446(c), (d), and (e), 63.447(b) or 

§63.450(d) the owner or operator may assert an affirmative 

defense to a claim for civil penalties for exceedances of 

such standards that are caused by malfunction, as defined 

at 40 CFR 63.2. Appropriate penalties may be assessed, 

however, if the owner or operator fails to meet the burden 
Page 64 of 122 

of proving all of the requirements in the affirmative 

defense. The affirmative defense shall not be available 

for claims for injunctive relief.

(a) To establish the affirmative defense in any action 

to enforce such a limit, the owner or operator must timely 

meet the notification requirements in paragraph (b) of this 

section, and must prove by a preponderance of evidence 

that:

(1) The excess emissions: 

(i) Were caused by a sudden, infrequent, and 

unavoidable failure of air pollution control and monitoring 

equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a 

normal or usual manner, and 

(ii) Could not have been prevented through careful 

planning, proper design or better operation and maintenance 

practices; and

 (iii) Did not stem from any activity or event that 

could have been foreseen and avoided, or planned for; and

(iv) Were not part of a recurring pattern indicative 

of inadequate design, operation, or maintenance; and

(2) Repairs were made as expeditiously as possible 

when the applicable emission limitations were being 
Page 65 of 122 

exceeded. Off-shift and overtime labor were used, to the 

extent practicable to make these repairs; and

 (3) The frequency, amount and duration of the excess 

emissions (including any bypass) were minimized to the 

maximum extent practicable during periods of such 

emissions; and

 (4) If the excess emissions resulted from a bypass of 

control equipment or a process, then the bypass was 

unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or 

severe property damage; and

 (5) All possible steps were taken to minimize the 

impact of the excess emissions on ambient air quality, the 

environment and human health; and

 (6) All emissions monitoring and control systems were 

kept in operation if at all possible, consistent with 

safety and good air pollution control practices; and

 (7) All of the actions in response to the excess 

emissions were documented by properly signed, 

contemporaneous operating logs; and

(8) At all times, the affected source was operated in 

a manner consistent with good practices for minimizing 

emissions; and
Page 66 of 122 

(9) A written root cause analysis has been prepared, 

the purpose of which is to determine, correct, and 

eliminate the primary causes of the malfunction and the 

excess emissions resulting from the malfunction event at 

issue. The analysis shall also specify, using best 

monitoring methods and engineering judgment, the amount of 

excess emissions that were the result of the malfunction. 

(b) Notification. The owner or operator of the 

affected source experiencing an exceedance of its emission 

limit(s) during a malfunction shall notify the 

Administrator by telephone or facsimile (FAX) transmission 

as soon as possible, but no later than two business days 

after the initial occurrence of the malfunction, if it 

wishes to avail itself of an affirmative defense to civil 

penalties for that malfunction. The owner or operator 

seeking to assert an affirmative defense shall also submit 

a written report to the Administrator within 45 days of the 

initial occurrence of the exceedance of the standard in 

paragraphs §§63.443(c) and (d), 63.444(b) and (c), 

63.445(b) and (c), 63.446(c), (d), and (e), 63.447(b) or 

§63.450(d) to demonstrate, with all necessary supporting 

documentation, that it has met the requirements set forth 

in paragraph (a) of this section. The owner or operator 
Page 67 of 122 

may seek an extension of this deadline for up to 30 

additional days by submitting a written request to the 

Administrator before the expiration of the 45 day period. 

Until a request for an extension has been approved by the 

Administrator, the owner or operator is subject to the 

requirement to submit such report within 45 days of the 

initial occurrence of the exceedance.

§ 63.457 Test methods and procedures. 

(a) Performance tests. Initial and repeat performance 

test. An initial performance test istests are required for 

allthe emissions sources specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and 

(2) on this section, except for emission sources subject to 

the limitations in §§63.443, 63.444, 63.445, 63.446, and 

63.447, except those controlled by a combustion device that 

is designed and operated as specified in §63.443(d)(3) or 

(d)(4). 

(1) Conduct an initial performance test for all 

emission sources subject to the limitations in §§63.443, 

63.444, 63.445, 63.446, and 63.447.

(2) Conduct repeat performance tests at five year 

intervals for all emission sources subject to the 

limitations in §§63.443, 63.444, and 63.445.
Page 68 of 122 

(b) Vent sampling port locations and gas stream 

properties. For purposes of selecting vent sampling port 

locations and determining vent gas stream properties, 

required in §§63.443, 63.444, 63.445, and 63.447, each 

owner or operator shall comply with the applicable 

procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6) of this 

section. 

(1) Method 1 or 1A of part 60, appendix A-1, as 

appropriate, shall be used for selection of the sampling 

site as follows: 

(i) To sample for vent gas concentrations and 

volumetric flow rates, the sampling site shall be located 

prior to dilution of the vent gas stream and prior to 

release to the atmosphere; 

(ii) For determining compliance with percent reduction 

requirements, sampling sites shall be located prior to the 

inlet of the control device and at the outlet of the 

control device; measurements shall be performed 

simultaneously at the two sampling sites; and 

(iii) For determining compliance with concentration 

limits or mass emission rate limits, the sampling site 

shall be located at the outlet of the control device. 
Page 69 of 122 

(2) No traverse site selection method is needed for 

vents smaller than 0.10 meter (4.0 inches) in diameter. 

(3) The vent gas volumetric flow rate shall be 

determined using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of part 60, 

appendix A-1, as appropriate. 

(4) The moisture content of the vent gas shall be 

measured using Method 4 of part 60, appendix A-3. 

(5) To determine vent gas concentrations, the owner or 

operator shall conduct a minimum of three test runs that 

are representative of normal conditions and average the 

resulting pollutant concentrations using the following 

procedures. 

(i) Method 308 in Appendix A of this part; Method 320

in Appendix A of this part; Method 18 in appendix A-6 of 

part 60; ASTM D6420-99 (incorporated by reference in 

§63.14(b)(28) of subpart A of this part); or ASTM D6348-03 

(incorporated by reference in §63.14(b)(54) of subpart A of 

this part) shall be used to determine the methanol 

concentration. If ASTM D6348-03 is used the conditions 

specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i)(A) though (b)(5)(i)(B) 

must be met.
Page 70 of 122 

(A) The test plan preparation and implementation in 

the Annexes to ASTM D6348-03, Sections A1 through A8 are 

required.

(B) In ASTM 6348-03 Annex A5 (Analyte Spiking 

Technique), the percent (%) R must be determined for each 

target analyte (Equation A5.5 of ASTM 6348-03). In order 

for the test data to be acceptable for a compound, %R must 

be between 70 and 130 percent. If the %R value does not 

meet this criterion for a target compound, the test data is 

not acceptable for that compound and the test must be 

repeated for that analyte following adjustment of the 

sampling or analytical procedure before the retest. The %R 

value for each compound must be reported in the test 

report, and all field measurements must be corrected with 

the calculated %R value for that compound using the 

following equation: Reported Result = Measured 

Concentration in the Stack x 100)/%R.

(ii) Except for the modifications specified in 

paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(A) through (b)(5)(ii)(K) of this 

section, Method 26A of part 60, appendix A-8 shall be used 

to determine chlorine concentration in the vent stream. 

(A) Probe/sampling line. A separate probe is not 

required. The sampling line shall be an appropriate length 
Page 71 of 122 

of 0.64 cm (0.25 in) OD Teflon®tubing. The sample inlet end 

of the sampling line shall be inserted into the stack in 

such a way as to not entrain liquid condensation from the 

vent gases. The other end shall be connected to the 

impingers. The length of the tubing may vary from one 

sampling site to another, but shall be as short as possible 

in each situation. If sampling is conducted in sunlight, 

opaque tubing shall be used. Alternatively, if transparent 

tubing is used, it shall be covered with opaque tape. 

(B) Impinger train. Three 30 milliliter (ml) capacity 

midget impingers shall be connected in series to the 

sampling line. The impingers shall have regular tapered 

stems. Silica gel shall be placed in the third impinger as 

a desiccant. All impinger train connectors shall be glass 

and/or Teflon®. 

(C) Critical orifice. The critical orifice shall have 

a flow rate of 200 to 250 ml/min and shall be followed by a 

vacuum pump capable of providing a vacuum of 640 

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). A 45 millimeter diameter 

in-line Teflon 0.8 micrometer filter shall follow the 

impingers to protect the critical orifice and vacuum pump. 

(D) The following are necessary for the analysis 

apparatus: 
Page 72 of 122 

(1) Wash bottle filled with deionized water; 

(2) 25 or 50 ml graduated burette and stand; 

(3) Magnetic stirring apparatus and stir bar; 

(4) Calibrated pH Meter; 

(5) 150–250 ml beaker or flask; and 

(6) A 5 ml pipette. 

(E) The procedures listed in paragraphs 

(b)(5)(ii)(E)(1) through (b)(5)(ii)(E)(7) of this section 

shall be used to prepare the reagents. 

(1) To prepare the 1 molarity (M) potassium dihydrogen 

phosphate solution, dissolve 13.61 grams (g) of potassium 

dihydrogen phosphate in water and dilute to 100 ml. 

(2) To prepare the 1 M sodium hydroxide solution 

(NaOH), dissolve 4.0 g of sodium hydroxide in water and 

dilute to 100 ml. 

(3) To prepare the buffered 2 percent potassium iodide 

solution, dissolve 20 g of potassium iodide in 900 ml 

water. Add 50 ml of the 1 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate 

solution and 30 ml of the 1 M sodium hydroxide solution. 

While stirring solution, measure the pH of solution 

electrometrically and add the 1 M sodium hydroxide solution 

to bring pH to between 6.95 and 7.05. 
Page 73 of 122 

(4) To prepare the 0.1 normality (N) sodium 

thiosulfate solution, dissolve 25 g of sodium thiosulfate, 

pentahydrate, in 800 ml of freshly boiled and cooled 

distilled water in a 1-liter volumetric flask. Dilute to 

volume. To prepare the 0.01 N sodium thiosulfate solution, 

add 10.0 ml standardized 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate solution 

to a 100 ml volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with 

water. 

(5) To standardize the 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate 

solution, dissolve 3.249 g of anhydrous potassium biiodate, primary standard quality, or 3.567 g potassium 

iodate dried at 103 =/-2 degrees Centigrade for 1 hour, in 

distilled water and dilute to 1000 ml to yield a 0.1000 N 

solution. Store in a glass-stoppered bottle. To 80 ml 

distilled water, add, with constant stirring, 1 ml 

concentrated sulfuric acid, 10.00 ml 0.1000 N anhydrous 

potassium bi-iodate, and 1 g potassium iodide. Titrate 

immediately with 0.1 n sodium thiosulfate titrant until the 

yellow color of the liberated iodine is almost discharged. 

Add 1 ml starch indicator solution and continue titrating 

until the blue color disappears. The normality of the 

sodium thiosulfate solution is inversely proportional to 

the ml of sodium thiosulfate solution consumed: 
Page 74 of 122 

ml Sodium Thiosulfate Consumed

1

Sodium Thiosulfate

Normality of 

(6) To prepare the starch indicator solution, add a 

small amount of cold water to 5 g starch and grind in a 

mortar to obtain a thin paste. Pour paste into 1 L of 

boiling distilled water, stir, and let settle overnight. 

Use clear supernate for starch indicator solution. 

(7) To prepare the 10 percent sulfuric acid solution, 

add 10 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 80 ml water in a 

100 ml volumetric flask. Dilute to volume. 

(F) The procedures specified in paragraphs 

(b)(5)(ii)(F)(1) through (b)(5)(ii)(F)(5) of this section 

shall be used to perform the sampling. 

(1) Preparation of collection train. Measure 20 ml 

buffered potassium iodide solution into each of the first 

two impingers and connect probe, impingers, filter, 

critical orifice, and pump. The sampling line and the 

impingers shall be shielded from sunlight. 

(2) Leak and flow check procedure. Plug sampling line 

inlet tip and turn on pump. If a flow of bubbles is visible 

in either of the liquid impingers, tighten fittings and 

adjust connections and impingers. A leakage rate not in 

excess of 2 percent of the sampling rate is acceptable. 

Carefully remove the plug from the end of the probe. Check 
Page 75 of 122 

the flow rate at the probe inlet with a bubble tube flow 

meter. The flow should be comparable or slightly less than 

the flow rate of the critical orifice with the impingers 

off-line. Record the flow and turn off the pump. 

(3) Sample collection. Insert the sampling line into 

the stack and secure it with the tip slightly lower than 

the port height. Start the pump, recording the time. End 

the sampling after 60 minutes, or after yellow color is 

observed in the second in-line impinger. Record time and 

remove the tubing from the vent. Recheck flow rate at 

sampling line inlet and turn off pump. If the flow rate has 

changed significantly, redo sampling with fresh capture 

solution. A slight variation (less than 5 percent) in flow 

may be averaged. With the inlet end of the line elevated 

above the impingers, add about 5 ml water into the inlet 

tip to rinse the line into the first impinger. 

(4) Sample analysis. Fill the burette with 0.01 N 

sodium thiosulfate solution to the zero mark. Combine the 

contents of the impingers in the beaker or flask. Stir the 

solution and titrate with thiosulfate until the solution is 

colorless. Record the volume of the first endpoint (TN, 

ml). Add 5 ml of the 10 percent sulfuric acid solution, and 

continue the titration until the contents of the flask are 
Page 76 of 122 

again colorless. Record the total volume of titrant 

required to go through the first and to the second endpoint 

(TA, ml). If the volume of neutral titer is less than 0.5 

ml, repeat the testing for a longer period of time. It is 

important that sufficient lighting be present to clearly 

see the endpoints, which are determined when the solution 

turns from pale yellow to colorless. A lighted stirring 

plate and a white background are useful for this purpose. 

(5) Interferences. Known interfering agents of this 

method are sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Sulfur 

dioxide, which is used to reduce oxidant residuals in some 

bleaching systems, reduces formed iodine to iodide in the 

capture solution. It is therefore a negative interference 

for chlorine, and in some cases could result in erroneous 

negative chlorine concentrations. Any agent capable of 

reducing iodine to iodide could interfere in this manner. A 

chromium trioxide impregnated filter will capture sulfur 

dioxide and pass chlorine and chlorine dioxide. Hydrogen 

peroxide, which is commonly used as a bleaching agent in 

modern bleaching systems, reacts with iodide to form iodine 

and thus can cause a positive interference in the chlorine 

measurement. Due to the chemistry involved, the precision 

of the chlorine analysis will decrease as the ratio of 
Page 77 of 122 

chlorine dioxide to chlorine increases. Slightly negative 

calculated concentrations of chlorine may occur when 

sampling a vent gas with high concentrations of chlorine 

dioxide and very low concentrations of chlorine. 

(G) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the corrected sampling flow rate: 





 











 



   t

BP PW S S C U 273

293

760

Where: 

SC=Corrected (dry standard) sampling flow rate, liters 

per minute; 

SU=Uncorrected sampling flow rate, L/min; 

BP=Barometric pressure at time of sampling; 

PW=Saturated partial pressure of water vapor, mm Hg at 

temperature; and 

t=Ambient temperature, °C. 

(H) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the moles of chlorine in the sample: 

  C12 Moles  1 8000 5TN  TA  NThio

Where: 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(I) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the concentration of chlorine in the sample: 

 

c s

N A Thio

S t

T T N C ppmv



   3005 5 12

Where: 
Page 78 of 122 

SC=Corrected (dry standard) sampling flow rate, liters 

per minute; 

tS=Time sampled, minutes; 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(J) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the moles of chlorine dioxide in the sample: 

  C1O2 Moles  1 4000 TA  TN  NThio

Where: 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(K) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the 

sample: 

 

C s

A N Thio

S t

T T N C O ppmv



   6010 1 2

Where: 

SC=Corrected (dry standard) sampling flow rate, liters 

per minute; 

tS=Time sampled, minutes; 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(iii) Any other method that measures the total HAP or 

methanol concentration that has been demonstrated to the 

Administrator's satisfaction. 
Page 79 of 122 

(6) The minimum sampling time for each of the three 

test runs shall be 1 hour in which either an integrated 

sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab 

sampling is used, then the samples shall be taken at 

approximately equal intervals in time, such as 15 minute 

intervals during the test run. 

(c) Liquid sampling locations and properties. For 

purposes of selecting liquid sampling locations and for 

determining properties of liquid streams such as 

wastewaters, process waters, and condensates required in 

§§63.444, 63.446, and 63.447, the owner or operator shall 

comply with the following procedures: 

(1) Samples shall be collected using the sampling 

procedures of the test method listed in paragraph (c)(3) of 

this section selected to determine liquid stream HAP 

concentrations; 

(i) Where feasible, samples shall be taken from an 

enclosed pipe prior to the liquid stream being exposed to 

the atmosphere; and 

(ii) When sampling from an enclosed pipe is not 

feasible, samples shall be collected in a manner to 

minimize exposure of the sample to the atmosphere and loss 

of HAP compounds prior to sampling. 
Page 80 of 122 

(2) The volumetric flow rate of the entering and 

exiting liquid streams shall be determined using the inlet 

and outlet flow meters or other methods demonstrated to the 

Administrator's satisfaction. The volumetric flow rate 

measurements to determine actual mass removal shall be 

taken at the same time as the concentration measurements. 

(3) The owner or operator shall conduct a minimum of 

three test runs that are representative of normal 

conditions and average the resulting pollutant 

concentrations. The minimum sampling time for each test run 

shall be 1 hour and the grab or composite samples shall be 

taken at approximately equally spaced intervals over the 1-

hour test run period. The owner or operator shall use one 

of the following procedures to determine total HAP or 

methanol concentration: 

(i) Method 305 in Appendix A of this part, adjusted 

using the following equation: 





n

i

i i C C fm

1

Where: 

C =Pollutant concentration for the liquid stream, parts 

per million by weight. 

Ci=Measured concentration of pollutant i in the liquid 

stream sample determined using Method 305, parts per 

million by weight. 
Page 81 of 122 

fmi=Pollutant-specific constant that adjusts 

concentration measured by Method 305 to actual liquid 

concentration; the fm for methanol is 0.85. Additional 

pollutant fm values can be found in table 34, subpart G of 

this part. 

n=Number of individual pollutants, i, summed to 

calculate total HAP. 

(ii) For determining methanol concentrations, NCASI 

Method DI/MEOH–94.032, Methanol in Process Liquids and 

Wastewaters by GC/FID, May 2000, NCASI, Research Triangle 

Park, NCAugust 1998, Methods Manual, NCASI, Research 

Triangle Park, NC. This test method is incorporated by 

reference in §63.14(f)(5) of subpart A of this part. 

(iii) Any other method that measures total HAP 

concentration that has been demonstrated to the 

Administrator's satisfaction. 

(4) To determine soluble BOD5in the effluent stream 

from an open biological treatment unit used to comply with 

§§63.446(e)(2) and 63.453(j), the owner or operator shall 

use Method 405.1 of part 136 of this chapter with the 

following modifications: 

(i) Filter the sample through the filter paper, into 

an Erlenmeyer flask by applying a vacuum to the flask 

sidearm. Minimize the time for which vacuum is applied to 

prevent stripping of volatile organics from the sample. 

Replace filter paper as often as needed in order to 
Page 82 of 122 

maintain filter times of less than approximately 30 seconds 

per filter paper. No rinsing of sample container or filter 

bowl into the Erlenmeyer flask is allowed. 

(ii) Perform Method 405.1 on the filtrate obtained in 

paragraph (c)(4) of this section. Dilution water shall be 

seeded with 1 milliliter of final effluent per liter of 

dilution water. Dilution ratios may require adjustment to 

reflect the lower oxygen demand of the filtered sample in 

comparison to the total BOD5. Three BOD bottles and 

different dilutions shall be used for each sample. 

(5) If the test method used to determine HAP 

concentration indicates that a specific HAP is not 

detectable, the value determined as the minimum measurement 

level (MML) of the selected test method for the specific 

HAP shall be used in the compliance demonstration 

calculations. To determine the MML for a specific HAP using 

one of the test methods specified in paragraph (c)(3) of 

this section, one of the procedures specified in paragraphs 

(c)(5)(i) and (ii) of this section shall be performed. The 

MML for a particular HAP must be determined only if the HAP 

is not detected in the normal working range of the method. 

(i) To determine the MML for a specific HAP, the 

following procedures shall be performed each time the 
Page 83 of 122 

method is set up. Set up is defined as the first time the 

analytical apparatus is placed in operation, after any shut 

down of 6 months or more, or any time a major component of 

the analytical apparatus is replaced. 

(A) Select a concentration value for the specific HAP 

in question to represent the MML. The value of the MML 

selected shall not be below the calibration standard of the 

selected test method. 

(B) Measure the concentration of the specific HAP in a 

minimum of three replicate samples using the selected test 

method. All replicate samples shall be run through the 

entire analytical procedure. The samples must contain the 

specific HAP at the selected MML concentration and should 

be representative of the liquid streams to be analyzed in 

the compliance demonstration. Spiking of the liquid samples 

with a known concentration of the target HAP may be 

necessary to ensure that the HAP concentration in the three 

replicate samples is at the selected MML. The concentration 

of the HAP in the spiked sample must be within 50 percent 

of the proposed MML for the demonstration to be valid. As 

an alternative to spiking, a field sample above the MML may 

be diluted to produce a HAP concentration at the MML. To be 

a valid demonstration, the diluted sample must have a HAP 
Page 84 of 122 

concentration within 20 percent of the proposed MML, and 

the field sample must not be diluted by more than a factor 

of five. 

(C) Calculate the relative standard deviation (RSD) 

and the upper confidence limit at the 95 percent confidence 

level using the measured HAP concentrations determined in 

paragraph (c)(5)(i)(B) of this section. If the upper 

confidence limit of the RSD is less than 30 percent, then 

the selected MML is acceptable. If the upper confidence 

limit of the RSD is greater than or equal to 30 percent, 

then the selected MML is too low, and the procedures 

specified in paragraphs (c)(5)(i)(A) through (C) of this 

section must be repeated. 

(ii) Provide for the Administrator's approval the 

selected value of the MML for a specific HAP and the 

rationale for selecting the MML including all data and 

calculations used to determine the MML. The approved MML 

must be used in all applicable compliance demonstration 

calculations. 

(6) When using the MML determined using the procedures 

in paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section or when using the 

MML determined using the procedures in paragraph (c)(5)(i), 

except during set up, the analytical laboratory conducting 
Page 85 of 122 

the analysis must perform and meet the following quality 

assurance procedures each time a set of samples is analyzed 

to determine compliance. 

(i) Using the selected test method, analyze in 

triplicate the concentration of the specific HAP in a 

representative sample. The sample must contain the specific 

HAP at a concentration that is within a factor of two of 

the MML. If there are no samples in the set being analyzed 

that contain the specific HAP at an appropriate 

concentration, then a sample below the MML may be spiked to 

produce the appropriate concentration, or a sample at a 

higher level may be diluted. After spiking, the sample must 

contain the specific HAP within 50 percent of the MML. If 

dilution is used instead, the diluted sample must contain 

the specific HAP within 20 percent of the MML and must not 

be diluted by more than a factor of five. 

(ii) Calculate the RSD using the measured HAP 

concentrations determined in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this 

section. If the RSD is less than 20 percent, then the 

laboratory is performing acceptably. 

(d) Detectable leak procedures. To measure detectable 

leaks for closed-vent systems as specified in §63.450 or 

for pulping process wastewater collection systems as 
Page 86 of 122 

specified in §63.446(d)(2)(i), the owner or operator shall 

comply with the following: 

(1) Method 21, of part 60, appendix A-7; and 

(2) The instrument specified in Method 21 shall be 

calibrated before use according to the procedures specified 

in Method 21 on each day that leak checks are performed. 

The following calibration gases shall be used: 

(i) Zero air (less than 10 parts per million by volume 

of hydrocarbon in air); and 

(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a 

concentration of approximately, but less than, 10,000 parts 

per million by volume methane or n-hexane. 

(e) Negative pressure procedures. To demonstrate 

negative pressure at process equipment enclosure openings 

as specified in §63.450(b), the owner or operator shall use 

one of the following procedures: 

(1) An anemometer to demonstrate flow into the 

enclosure opening; 

(2) Measure the static pressure across the opening; 

(3) Smoke tubes to demonstrate flow into the enclosure 

opening; or 

(4) Any other industrial ventilation test method 

demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction. 
Page 87 of 122 

(f) HAP concentration measurements. For purposes of 

complying with the requirements in §§63.443, 63.444, and 

63.447, the owner or operator shall measure the total HAP 

concentration as one of the following: 

(1) As the sum of all individual HAPs; or 

(2) As methanol. 

(g) Condensate HAP concentration measurement. For 

purposes of complying with the kraft pulping condensate 

requirements in §63.446, the owner or operator shall 

measure the total HAP concentration as methanol. For 

biological treatment systems complying with §63.446(e)(2), 

the owner or operator shall measure total HAP as 

acetaldehyde, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and 

propionaldehyde and follow the procedures in §63.457(l)(1) 

or (2). 

(h) Bleaching HAP concentration measurement. For 

purposes of complying with the bleaching system 

requirements in §63.445, the owner or operator shall 

measure the total HAP concentration as the sum of all 

individual chlorinated HAPs or as chlorine. 

(i) Vent gas stream calculations. To demonstrate 

compliance with the mass emission rate, mass emission rate 

per megagram of ODP, and percent reduction requirements for 
Page 88 of 122 

vent gas streams specified in §§63.443, 63.444, 63.445, and 

63.447, the owner or operator shall use the following: 

(1) The total HAP mass emission rate shall be 

calculated using the following equation: 

s

n

j

E K CjM jQ



 



  1

2

Where: 

E=Mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled 

vent, kilograms per hour. 

K2=Constant, 2.494×10-6(parts per million by volume)-1

(gram-mole per standard cubic meter) (kilogram/gram) 

(minutes/hour), where standard temperature for (gram-mole 

per standard cubic meter) is 20 °C. 

Cj=Concentration on a dry basis of pollutant j in parts 

per million by volume as measured by the test methods 

specified in paragraph (b) of this section. 

Mj=Molecular weight of pollutant j, gram/gram-mole. 

Qs=Vent gas stream flow rate (dry standard cubic meter 

per minute) at a temperature of 20 °C as indicated in 

paragraph (b) of this section. 

n=Number of individual pollutants, i, summed to 

calculate total HAP. 

(2) The total HAP mass emission rate per megagram of 

ODP shall be calculated using the following equation: 

P

E F 

Where: 

F=Mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled 

vent, in kilograms per megagram of ODP. 

E=Mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled 

vent, in kilograms per hour determined as specified in 

paragraph (i)(1) of this section. 
Page 89 of 122 

P=The production rate of pulp during the sampling 

period, in megagrams of ODP per hour. 

(3) The total HAP percent reduction shall be calculated 

using the following equation: 

(100)

i

i o

E

E E R  

Where: 

R=Efficiency of control device, percent. 

Ei=Inlet mass emission rate of total HAP from the 

sampled vent, in kilograms of pollutant per hour, 

determined as specified in paragraph (i)(1) of this 

section. 

Eo=Outlet mass emission rate of total HAP from the 

sampled vent, in kilograms of pollutant per hour, 

determined as specified in paragraph (i)(1) of this 

section. 

(j) Liquid stream calculations. To demonstrate 

compliance with the mass flow rate, mass per megagram of 

ODP, and percent reduction requirements for liquid streams 

specified in §63.446, the owner or operator shall use the 

following: 

(1) The mass flow rates of total HAP or methanol 

entering and exiting the treatment process shall be 

calculated using the following equations: 





 





 





 





 









n

i

a ai ai

n

i

b bi bi

V C

n

K E

V C

n

K E

1

6

1

6

10

10
Page 90 of 122 

Where: 

Eb=Mass flow rate of total HAP or methanol in the 

liquid stream entering the treatment process, kilograms per 

hour. 

Ea=Mass flow rate of total HAP or methanol in the 

liquid exiting the treatment process, kilograms per hour. 

K=Density of the liquid stream, kilograms per cubic 

meter. 

Vbi=Volumetric flow rate of liquid stream entering the 

treatment process during each run i, cubic meters per hour, 

determined as specified in paragraph (c) of this section. 

Vai=Volumetric flow rate of liquid stream exiting the 

treatment process during each run i, cubic meters per hour, 

determined as specified in paragraph (c) of this section. 

Cbi=Concentration of total HAP or methanol in the 

stream entering the treatment process during each run i, 

parts per million by weight, determined as specified in 

paragraph (c) of this section. 

Cai=Concentration of total HAP or methanol in the 

stream exiting the treatment process during each run i, 

parts per million by weight, determined as specified in 

paragraph (c) of this section. 

n=Number of runs. 

(2) The mass of total HAP or methanol per megagram ODP 

shall be calculated using the following equation: 

P

E F a 

Where: 

F=Mass loading of total HAP or methanol in the sample, 

in kilograms per megagram of ODP. 

Ea=Mass flow rate of total HAP or methanol in the 

wastewater stream in kilograms per hour as determined using 

the procedures in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 

P=The production rate of pulp during the sampling 

period in megagrams of ODP per hour. 
Page 91 of 122 

(3) The percent reduction of total HAP across the 

applicable treatment process shall be calculated using the 

following equation: 

100  

b

b a

E

E E R

Where: 

R=Control efficiency of the treatment process, 

percent. 

Eb=Mass flow rate of total HAP in the stream entering 

the treatment process, kilograms per hour, as determined in 

paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 

Ea=Mass flow rate of total HAP in the stream exiting 

the treatment process, kilograms per hour, as determined in 

paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 

(4) Compounds that meet the requirements specified in 

paragraphs (j)(4)(i) or (4)(ii) of this section are not 

required to be included in the mass flow rate, mass per 

megagram of ODP, or the mass percent reduction 

determinations. 

(i) Compounds with concentrations at the point of 

determination that are below 1 part per million by weight; 

or 

(ii) Compounds with concentrations at the point of 

determination that are below the lower detection limit 

where the lower detection limit is greater than 1 part per 

million by weight. 
Page 92 of 122 

(k) Oxygen concentration correction procedures. To 

demonstrate compliance with the total HAP concentration 

limit of 20 ppmv in §63.443(d)(2), the concentration 

measured using the methods specified in paragraph (b)(5) of 

this section shall be corrected to 10 percent oxygen using 

the following procedures: 

(1) The emission rate correction factor and excess air 

integrated sampling and analysis procedures of Methods 3A 

or 3B of part 60, appendix A-2 shall be used to determine 

the oxygen concentration. The samples shall be taken at the 

same time that the HAP samples are taken. As an alternative 

to Method 3B, ASME PTC 19.10-1981-Part 10 may be used 

(incorporated by reference, see §63.14(i)(1)).

(2) The concentration corrected to 10 percent oxygen 

shall be computed using the following equation: 

















 

d

c m O

C C

% 2 20.9

10.9

Where: 

Cc=Concentration of total HAP corrected to 10 percent 

oxygen, dry basis, parts per million by volume. 

Cm=Concentration of total HAP dry basis, parts per 

million by volume, as specified in paragraph (b) of this 

section. 

%02d=Concentration of oxygen, dry basis, percent by 

volume. 
Page 93 of 122 

(l) Biological treatment system percent reduction and 

mass removal calculations. To demonstrate compliance with 

the condensate treatment standards specified in 

§63.446(e)(2) and the monitoring requirements specified in 

§63.453(j)(3) using a biological treatment system, the 

owner or operator shall use one of the procedures specified 

in paragraphs (1)(1) and (2) of this section. Owners or 

operators using a nonthoroughly mixed open biological 

treatment system shall also comply with paragraph (1)(3) of 

this section. 

(1) Percent reduction methanol procedure. For the 

purposes of complying with the condensate treatment 

requirements specified in §63.446(e)(2) and (3), the 

methanol percent reduction shall be calculated using the 

following equations: 

 

 

( )

( )

100

1 1.087( )

methanol

nonmethanol

bio

F

F

r

r

f MeOH R





 

Where: 

R = Percent destruction. 

fbio(MeOH) = The fraction of methanol removed in the 

biological treatment system. The site-specific biorate 

constants shall be determined using the appropriate 

procedures specified in appendix C of this part. 

r = Ratio of the sum of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl 

ketone, and propionaldehyde mass to methanol mass. 
Page 94 of 122 

F(nonmethanol)= The sum of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl 

ketone, and propionaldehyde mass flow rates (kg/Mg ODP) 

entering the biological treatment system determined using 

the procedures in paragraph (j)(2) of this section. 

F(methanol)= The mass flow rate (kg/Mg ODP) of methanol 

entering the system determined using the procedures in 

paragraph (j)(2) of this section. 

(2) Mass removal methanol procedure. For the purposes 

of complying with the condensate treatment requirements 

specified in §63.446(e)(2) and (4), or §63.446(e)(2) and 

(5), the methanol mass removal shall be calculated using 

the following equation: 

F F  f MeOH /1 1.087(r)  b  bio 

Where: 

F = Methanol mass removal (kg/Mg ODP). 

Fb= Inlet mass flow rate of methanol (kg/Mg ODP) 

determined using the procedures in paragraph (j)(2) of this 

section. 

fbio(MeOH) = The fraction of methanol removed in the 

biological treatment system. The site-specific biorate 

constants shall be determined using the appropriate 

procedures specified in appendix C of this part. 

r = Ratio of the sum of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl 

ketone, and propionaldehyde mass to methanol mass 

determined using the procedures in paragraph (1) of this 

section. 

(3) The owner or operator of a nonthoroughly mixed 

open biological treatment system using the monitoring 

requirements specified in §63.453(p)(3) shall follow the 

procedures specified in section III.B.1 of appendix E of 

this part to determine the borate constant, Ks, and 
Page 95 of 122 

characterize the open biological treatment system during 

the initial and any subsequent performance tests. 

(m) Condensate segregation procedures. The following 

procedures shall be used to demonstrate compliance with the 

condensate segregation requirements specified in 

§63.446(c). 

(1) To demonstrate compliance with the percent mass 

requirements specified in §63.446(c)(2), the procedures 

specified in paragraphs (m)(1)(i) through (iii) of this 

section shall be performed. 

(i) Determine the total HAP mass of all condensates 

from each equipment system listed in §63.446 (b)(1) through 

(b)(3) using the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and 

(j) of this section. 

(ii) Multiply the total HAP mass determined in 

paragraph (m)(1)(i) of this section by 0.65 to determine 

the target HAP mass for the high-HAP fraction condensate 

stream or streams. 

(iii) Compliance with the segregation requirements 

specified in §63.446(c)(2) is demonstrated if the 

condensate stream or streams from each equipment system 

listed in §63.446(b)(1) through (3) being treated as 

specified in §63.446(e) contain at least as much total HAP 
Page 96 of 122 

mass as the target total HAP mass determined in paragraph 

(m)(1)(ii) of this section. 

(2) To demonstrate compliance with the percent mass 

requirements specified in §63.446(c)(3), the procedures 

specified in paragraphs (m)(2)(i) through (ii) of this 

section shall be performed. 

(i) Determine the total HAP mass contained in the 

high-HAP fraction condensates from each equipment system 

listed in §63.446(b)(1) through (b)(3) and the total 

condensates streams from the equipment systems listed in 

§63.446(b)(4) and (b)(5), using the procedures specified in 

paragraphs (c) and (j) of this section. 

(ii) Compliance with the segregation requirements 

specified in §63.446(c)(3) is demonstrated if the total HAP 

mass determined in paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this section is 

equal to or greater than the appropriate mass requirements 

specified in §63.446(c)(3). 

(n) Open biological treatment system monitoring 

sampling storage. The inlet and outlet grab samples 

required to be collected in §63.453(j)(1)(ii) shall be 

stored at 4 °C (40 °F) to minimize the biodegradation of 

the organic compounds in the samples. 
Page 97 of 122 

(o) Performance tests shall be conducted under such 

conditions as the Administrator specifies to the owner or 

operator based on representative performance of the 

affected source for the period being tested. Upon request, 

the owner or operator shall make available to the 

Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine 

the conditions of performance tests.

§ 63.458 Implementation and enforcement. 

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by 

the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the 

applicable State, local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA 

Administrator has delegated authority to a State, local, or 

Tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. 

EPA, has the authority to implement and enforce this 

subpart. Contact the applicable U.S. EPA Regional Office to 

find out if this subpart is delegated to a State, local, or 

Tribal agency. 

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement 

authority of this subpart to a State, local, or Tribal 

agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities 

contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by 

the Administrator of U.S. EPA and cannot be transferred to 

the State, local, or Tribal agency. 
Page 98 of 122 

(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, 

local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs 

(c)(1) through (4) of this section. 

(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in 

§§63.440, 63.443 through 63.447 and 63.450. Where these 

standards reference another subpart, the cited provisions 

will be delegated according to the delegation provisions of 

the referenced subpart. 

(2) Approval of alternatives to using 

§§63.457(b)(5)(iii), 63.457(c)(3)(ii) through (iii), and 

63.257(c)(5)(ii), and any major alternatives to test 

methods under §63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in 

§63.90, and as required in this subpart. 

(3) Approval of alternatives using §64.453(m) and any 

major alternatives to monitoring under §63.8(f), as defined 

in §63.90, and as required in this subpart. 

(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping 

and reporting under §63.10(f), as defined in §63.90, and as 

required in this subpart.[68 FR 37348, June 23, 2003] 

§ 63.459 Alternative standards. 

(a) Flint River Mill. The owner or operator of the 

pulping system using the kraft process at the manufacturing 

facility, commonly called Weyerhaeuser Company Flint River 
Page 99 of 122 

Operations, at Old Stagecoach Road, Oglethorpe, Georgia, 

(hereafter the Site) shall comply with all provisions of 

this subpart, except as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) 

through (a)(5) of this section. 

(1) The owner or operator of the pulping system is not 

required to control total HAP emissions from equipment 

systems specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) if 

the owner or operator complies with paragraphs (a)(2) 

through (a)(5) of this section. 

(i) The brownstock diffusion washer vent and first 

stage brownstock diffusion washer filtrate tank vent in the 

pulp washing system specified in §63.443(a)(1)(iii). 

(ii) The oxygen delignification system specified in 

§63.443(a)(1)(v). 

(2) The owner or operator of the pulping system shall 

control total HAP emissions from equipment systems listed 

in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(ix) of this section 

as specified in §63.443(c) and (d) of this subpart no later 

than April 16, 2002. 

(i) The weak liquor storage tank; 

(ii) The boilout tank; 

(iii) The utility tank; 
Page 100 of 122 

(iv) The fifty percent solids black liquor storage 

tank; 

(v) The south sixty-seven percent solids black liquor 

storage tank; 

(vi) The north sixty-seven percent solids black liquor 

storage tank; 

(vii) The precipitator make down tanks numbers one, 

two and three; 

(viii) The salt cake mix tank; and 

(ix) The NaSH storage tank. 

(3) The owner and operator of the pulping system shall 

operate the Isothermal Cooking system at the site while 

pulp is being produced in the continuous digester at any 

time after April 16, 2002. 

(i) The owner or operator shall monitor the following 

parameters to demonstrate that isothermal cooking is in 

operation: 

(A) Continuous digester dilution factor; and 

(B) The difference between the continuous digester 

vapor zone temperature and the continuous digester 

extraction header temperature. 

(ii) The isothermal cooking system shall be in 

operation when the continuous digester dilution factor and 
Page 101 of 122 

the temperature difference between the continuous digester 

vapor zone temperature and the continuous digester 

extraction header temperature are maintained as set forth 

in Table 2: 

Table 2 to Subpart S—Isothermal Cooking System Operational 

Values 

Parameter 

Instrument 

number Limit Units 

Digester Dilution Factgor 

Difference in Digester Vapor Zone 

Temperature and Digester. 

Extraction Header Temperature 

K1KILFAC 

03T10311 

03T10329 

>0.0 

<10 

None 

Degrees F. 

(iii) The owner or operator shall certify annually the 

operational status of the isothermal cooking system. 

(4) [Reserved] 

(5) Definitions. All descriptions and references to 

equipment and emission unit ID numbers refer to equipment 

at the Site. All terms used in this paragraph shall have 

the meaning given them in this part and this paragraph. For 

the purposes of this paragraph only the following 

additional definitions apply: 

Boilout tank means the tank that provides tank storage 

capacity for recovery of black liquor spills and evaporator 

water washes for return to the evaporators (emission unit 

ID No. U606); 
Page 102 of 122 

Brownstock diffusion washer means the equipment used 

to wash pulp from the surge chests to further reduce lignin 

carryover in the pulp; 

Continuous digester means the digester system used to 

chemically and thermally remove the lignin binding the wood 

chips to produce individual pulp fibers (emission unit ID 

No. P300); 

Fifty percent solids black liquor storage tank means 

the tank used to store intermediate black liquor prior to 

final evaporation in the 1A, 1B, and 1C Concentrators 

(emission unit ID No. U605); 

First stage brownstock diffusion washer means the 

equipment that receives and stores filtrate from the first 

stage of washing for return to the pressure diffusion 

washer; 

Isothermal cooking system means the 1995–1996 

modernization of brownstock pulping process including 

conversion of the Kamyr continuous vapor phase digester to 

an extended delignification unit and changes in the 

knotting, screening, and oxygen stage systems: 

NaSH storage tank means the tank used to store sodium 

hydrosulfite solution prior to use as make-up to the liquor 

system 
Page 103 of 122 

North sixty-seven percent solids black liquor storage 

tank means one of two tanks used to store black liquor 

prior to burning in the Recovery Boiler for chemical 

recovery (emission unit ID No. U501); 

Precipitator make down tank numbers one, two and three

mean tanks used to mix collected particulate from 

electrostatic precipitator chamber number one with 67% 

black liquor for recycle to chemical recovery in the 

Recovery Boiler (emission unit ID Nos. U504, U505 and 

U506); 

Salt cake mix tank means the tank used to mix 

collected particulate from economizer hoppers with black 

liquor for recycle to chemical recovery in the Recovery 

Boiler (emission unit ID No. U503); 

South sixty-seven percent solids black liquor storage 

tank means one of two tanks used to store black liquor 

prior to burning in the Recovery Boiler for chemical 

recovery (emission unit ID No. U502); 

Utility tank means the tank used to store fifty 

percent liquor and, during black liquor tank inspections 

and repairs, to serve as a backup liquor storage tank 

(emission unit ID No. U611); 
Page 104 of 122 

Weak gas system means high volume, low concentration 

or HVLC system as defined in §63.441; and 

Weak liquor storage tank means the tank that provide 

surge capacity for weak black liquor from digesting prior 

to feed to multiple effect evaporators (emission unit ID 

No. U610). 

(b) Tomahawk Wisconsin Mill —(1) Applicability. (i) 

The provisions of this paragraph (b) apply to the owner or 

operator of the stand-alone semi-chemical pulp and paper 

mill located at N9090 County Road E in Tomahawk, Wisconsin, 

referred to as the Tomahawk Mill. 

(ii) The owner or operator is not required to comply 

with the provisions of this paragraph (b) if the owner and 

operator chooses to comply with the otherwise applicable 

sections of this subpart and provides the EPA with notice. 

(iii) If the owner or operator chooses to comply with 

the provisions of this paragraph (b) the owner or operator 

shall comply with all applicable provisions of this part, 

including this subpart, except the following: 

(A) Section 63.443(b); 

(B) Section 63.443(c); and 

(C) Section 63.443(d). 
Page 105 of 122 

(2) Collection and routing of HAP emissions. (i) The 

owner or operator shall collect the total HAP emissions 

from each LVHC system. 

(ii) Each LVHC system shall be enclosed and the HAP 

emissions shall be vented into a closed-vent system. The 

enclosures and closed-vent system shall meet requirements 

specified in paragraph (b)(6) of this section. 

(iii) The HAP emissions shall be routed as follows: 

(A) The HAP emissions collected in the closed-vent 

system from the digester system shall be routed through the 

primary indirect contact condenser, secondary indirect 

contact condenser, and evaporator indirect contact 

condenser; and 

(B) The HAP emissions collected in the closed-vent 

system from the evaporator system and foul condensate 

standpipe shall be routed through the evaporator indirect 

contact condenser. 

(3) Collection and routing of pulping process 

condensates. (i) The owner or operator shall collect the 

pulping process condensates from the following equipment 

systems: 

(A) Primary indirect contact condenser; 

(B) Secondary indirect contact condenser; and 
Page 106 of 122 

(C) Evaporator indirect contact condenser. 

(ii) The collected pulping process condensates shall 

be conveyed in a closed collection system that is designed 

and operated to meet the requirements specified in 

paragraph (b)(7) of this section. 

(iii) The collected pulping process condensates shall 

be routed in the closed collection system to the wastewater 

treatment plant anaerobic basins for biodegradation. 

(iv) The pulping process condensates shall be 

discharged into the wastewater treatment plant anaerobic 

basins below the liquid surface of the wastewater treatment 

plant anaerobic basins. 

(4) HAP destruction efficiency requirements of the 

wastewater treatment plant. (i) The owner or operator shall 

achieve a destruction efficiency of at least one pound of 

HAPs per ton of ODP by biodegradation in the wastewater 

treatment plant. 

(ii) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the HAP destruction efficiency by biodegradation 

in the wastewater treatment plant: 

     

r

c f c f c r f

d ODP

RME RME PPC r PPC ABD r ABD

HAP

     8.34 

Where: 
Page 107 of 122 

HAPd= HAP destruction efficiency of wastewater 

treatment plant (pounds of HAPs per ton of ODP); 

RMEfr= flow rate of raw mill effluent (millions of 

gallons per day); 

RMEc= HAP concentration of raw mill effluent 

(milligrams per liter); 

PPCfr= flow rate of pulping process condensates 

(millions of gallons per day); 

PPCc= HAP concentration of pulping process condensates 

(milligrams per liter); 

ABDfr= flow rate of anaerobic basin discharge (millions 

of gallons per day); 

ABDc= HAP concentration of anaerobic basin discharge 

(milligrams per liter); and 

ODPr= rate of production of oven dried pulp (tons per 

day). 

(5) Monitoring requirements and parameter ranges. (i) 

The owner or operator shall install, calibrate, operate, 

and maintain according to the manufacturer's specifications 

a continuous monitoring system (CMS, as defined in §63.2), 

using a continuous recorder, to monitor the following 

parameters: 

(A) Evaporator indirect contact condenser vent 

temperature; 

(B) Pulping process condensates flow rate; 

(C) Wastewater treatment plant effluent flow rate; and 

(D) Production rate of ODP. 

(ii) The owner or operator shall additionally monitor, 

on a daily basis, in each of the four anaerobic basins, the 

ratio of volatile acid to alkalinity (VA/A ratio). The 

owner or operator shall use the test methods identified for 
Page 108 of 122 

determining acidity and alkalinity as specified in 40 CFR 

136.3, Table 1B. 

(iii) The temperature of the evaporator indirect 

contact condenser vent shall be maintained at or below 140 

°F on a continuous basis. 

(iv) The VA/A ratio in each of the four anaerobic 

basins shall be maintained at or below 0.5 on a continuous 

basis. 

(A) The owner or operator shall measure the methanol 

concentration of the outfall of any basin (using NCASI 

Method DI/MEOH 94.03) when the VA/A ratio of that basin 

exceeds the following: 

(1) 0.38, or 

(2) The highest VA/A ratio at which the outfall of any 

basin has previously measured non-detect for methanol 

(using NCASI Method DI/MEOH 94.03). 

(B) If the outfall of that basin measures detect for 

methanol, the owner or operator shall verify compliance 

with the emission standard specified in paragraph (b)(4) of 

this section by conducting a performance test pursuant to 

the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(8) of this 

section. 
Page 109 of 122 

(v) The owner or operator may seek to establish or 

reestablish the parameter ranges, and/or the parameters 

required to be monitored as provided in paragraphs 

(b)(5)(i) through (v) of this section, by following the 

provisions of §63.453(n)(1) through (4). 

(6) Standards and monitoring requirements for each 

enclosure and closed-vent system. (i) The owner or operator 

shall comply with the design and operational requirements 

specified in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii) through (iv) of this 

section, and the monitoring requirements of paragraphs 

(b)(6)(v) through (x) of this section for each enclosure 

and closed-vent system used for collecting and routing of 

HAP emissions as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this 

section. 

(ii) Each enclosure shall be maintained at negative 

pressure at each enclosure or hood opening as demonstrated 

by the procedures specified in §63.457(e). Each enclosure 

or hood opening closed during the initial performance test 

shall be maintained in the same closed and sealed position 

as during the performance test at all times except when 

necessary to use the opening for sampling, inspection, 

maintenance, or repairs. 
Page 110 of 122 

(iii) Each component of the closed-vent system that is 

operated at positive pressure shall be designed for and 

operated with no detectable leaks as indicated by an 

instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million by 

volume above background, as measured by the procedures 

specified in §63.457(d). 

(iv) Each bypass line in the closed-vent system that 

could divert vent streams containing HAPs to the atmosphere 

without meeting the routing requirements specified in 

paragraph (b)(2) of this section shall comply with either 

of the following requirements: 

(A) On each bypass line, the owner or operator shall 

install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the 

manufacturer's specifications a flow indicator that 

provides a record of the presence of gas stream flow in the 

bypass line at least once every 15 minutes. The flow 

indicator shall be installed in the bypass line in such a 

way as to indicate flow in the bypass line; or 

(B) For bypass line valves that are not computer 

controlled, the owner or operator shall maintain the bypass 

line valve in the closed position with a car seal or seal 

placed on the valve or closure mechanism in such a way that 
Page 111 of 122 

the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without 

breaking the seal. 

(v) For each enclosure opening, the owner or operator 

shall perform, at least once every 30 days, a visual 

inspection of the closure mechanism specified in paragraph 

(b)(6)(ii) of this section to ensure the opening is 

maintained in the closed position and sealed. 

(vi) For each closed-vent system required by paragraph 

(b)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall perform 

a visual inspection every 30 days and at other times as 

requested by the Administrator. The visual inspection shall 

include inspection of ductwork, piping, enclosures, and 

connections to covers for visible evidence of defects. 

(vii) For positive pressure closed-vent systems, or 

portions of closed-vent systems, the owner or operator 

shall demonstrate no detectable leaks as specified in 

paragraph (b)(6)(iii) of this section, measured initially 

and annually by the procedures in §63.457(d). 

(viii) For each enclosure that is maintained at 

negative pressure, the owner or operator shall demonstrate 

initially and annually that it is maintained at negative 

pressure as specified in §63.457(e). 
Page 112 of 122 

(ix) For each valve or closure mechanism as specified 

in paragraph (b)(6)(iv)(B) of this section, the owner or 

operator shall perform an inspection at least once every 30 

days to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed 

position and the emissions point gas stream is not diverted 

through the bypass line. 

(x) If an inspection required by paragraph (b)(6) of 

this section identifies visible defects in ductwork, 

piping, enclosures, or connections to covers required by 

paragraph (b)(6) of this section, or if an instrument 

reading of 500 parts per million by volume or greater above 

background is measured, or if the enclosure openings are 

not maintained at negative pressure, then the following 

corrective actions shall be taken as soon as follows: 

(A) A first effort to repair or correct the closedvent system shall be made as soon as practicable but no 

later than 5 calendar days after the problem is identified. 

(B) The repair or corrective action shall be completed 

no later than 15 calendar days after the problem is 

identified. 

(7) Standards and monitoring requirements for the 

pulping process condensates closed collection system. (i) 

The owner or operator shall comply with the design and 
Page 113 of 122 

operational requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(7)(ii) 

through (iii) of this section, and monitoring requirements 

of paragraph (b)(7)(iv) for the equipment systems in 

paragraph (b)(3) of this section used to route the pulping 

process condensates in a closed collection system. 

(ii) Each closed collection system shall meet the 

individual drain system requirements specified in §§63.960, 

63.961, and 63.962, except that the closed vent systems 

shall be designed and operated in accordance with paragraph 

(b)(6) of this section, instead of in accordance with 

§63.693 as specified in §63.692(a)(3)(ii), (b)(3)(ii)(A), 

and (b)(3)(ii)(B)(5)(iii); and 

(iii) If a condensate tank is used in the closed 

collection system, the tank shall meet the following 

requirements: 

(A) The fixed roof and all openings (e.g., access 

hatches, sampling ports, gauge wells) shall be designed and 

operated with no detectable leaks as indicated by an 

instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million above 

background, and vented into a closed-vent system that meets 

the requirements of paragraph (b)(6) of this section and 

routed in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section; 

and 
Page 114 of 122 

(B) Each opening shall be maintained in a closed, 

sealed position (e.g., covered by a lid that is gasketed 

and latched) at all times that the tank contains pulping 

process condensates or any HAPs removed from a pulping 

process condensate stream except when it is necessary to 

use the opening for sampling, removal, or for equipment 

inspection, maintenance, or repair. 

(iv) For each pulping process condensate closed 

collection system used to comply with paragraph (b)(3) of 

this section, the owner or operator shall perform a visual 

inspection every 30 days and shall comply with the 

inspection and monitoring requirements specified in §63.964 

except for the closed-vent system and control device 

inspection and monitoring requirements specified in 

§63.964(a)(2). 

(8) Quarterly performance testing. (i) The owner or 

operator shall, within 45 days after the beginning of each 

quarter, conduct a performance test. 

(ii) The owner or operator shall use NCASI Method 

DI/HAPS–99.01 to collect a grab sample and determine the 

HAP concentration of the Raw Mill Effluent, Pulping Process 

Condensates, and Anaerobic Basin Discharge for the 
Page 115 of 122 

quarterly performance test conducted during the first 

quarter each year. 

(iii) For each of the remaining three quarters, the 

owner or operator may use NCASI Method DI/MEOH 94.03 as a 

surrogate to collect and determine the HAP concentration of 

the Raw Mill Effluent, Pulping Process Condensates, and 

Anaerobic Basin Discharge. 

(iv) The sample used to determine the HAP or Methanol 

concentration in the Raw Mill Effluent, Pulping Process 

Condensates, or Anaerobic Basin Discharge shall be a 

composite of four grab samples taken evenly spaced over an 

eight hour time period. 

(v) The Raw Mill Effluent grab samples shall be taken 

from the raw mill effluent composite sampler. 

(vi) The Pulping Process Condensates grab samples 

shall be taken from a line tap on the closed condensate 

collection system prior to discharge into the wastewater 

treatment plant. 

(vii) The Anaerobic Basic Discharge grab samples shall 

be taken subsequent to the confluence of the four anaerobic 

basin discharges. 
Page 116 of 122 

(viii) The flow rate of the Raw Mill Effluent, Pulping 

Process Condensates, and Anaerobic Basin Discharge, and the 

production rate of ODP shall be averaged over eight hours. 

(ix) The data collected as specified in paragraphs 

(b)(5) and (b)(8) of this section shall be used to 

determine the HAP destruction efficiency of the wastewater 

treatment plant as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of 

this section. 

(x) The HAP destruction efficiency shall be at least 

as great as that specified by paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this 

section. 

(9) Recordkeeping requirements. (i) The owner or 

operator shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements 

as specified in Table 1 of subpart S of part 63 as it 

pertains to §63.10. 

(ii) The owner or operator shall comply with the 

recordkeeping requirements as specified in §63.454(b). 

(iii) The owner or operator shall comply with the 

recordkeeping requirements as specified in §63.453(d). 

(10) Reporting requirements. (i) Each owner or 

operator shall comply with the reporting requirements as 

specified in Table 1 of §63.10. 
Page 117 of 122 

(ii) Each owner or operator shall comply with the 

reporting requirements as specified in §63.455(d). 

(11) Violations. (i) Failure to comply with any 

applicable provision of this part shall constitute a 

violation. 

(ii) Periods of excess emissions shall not constitute 

a violation provided the time of excess emissions 

(excluding periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) 

divided by the total process operating time in a semiannual reporting period does not exceed one percent. All 

periods of excess emission (including periods of startup, 

shutdown, and malfunction) shall be reported, and shall 

include: 

(A) Failure to monitor a parameter, or maintain a 

parameter within minimum or maximum (as appropriate) ranges 

as specified in paragraph (b)(5),(b)(6), or (b)(7) of this 

section; and 

(B) Failure to meet the HAP destruction efficiency 

standard specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. 

(iii) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(11)(ii) of this 

section, any excess emissions that present an imminent 

threat to public health or the environment, or may cause 
Page 118 of 122 

serious harm to public health or the environment, shall 

constitute a violation. 

Table 1 to Subpart S of Part 63—General Provisions 

Applicability to Subpart SAa

 

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.1(a)(1)–(3) Yes 

63.1(a)(4) Yes Subpart S (this table) specifies 

applicability of each paragraph in 

subpart A to subpart S. 

63.1(a)(5) No Section reserved. 

63.1(a)(6)–(8) Yes 

63.1(a)(9) No Section reserved. 

63.1(a)(10) No Subpart S and other cross-referenced 

subparts specify calendar or 

operating day. 

63.1(a)(11)–(14) Yes 

63.1(b)(1) No Subpart S specifies its own 

applicability. 

63.1(b)(2)–(3) Yes 

63.1(c)(1)–(2) Yes 

63.1(c)(3) No Section reserved. 

63.1(c)(4)–(5) Yes 

63.1(d) No Section reserved. 

63.1(e) Yes 

63.2 Yes 

63.3 Yes 

63.4(a)(1) Yes 

63.4(a)(3) 

63.4(a)(4) No Section reserved. 

63.4(a)(5) Yes 

63.4(b) Yes 

63.4(c) Yes 

63.5(a) Yes 

63.5(b)(1) Yes 

63.5(b)(2) No Section reserved. 

63.5(b)(3) Yes 

63.5(b)(4)–(6) Yes 

63.5(c) No Section reserved. 

63.5(d) Yes 

63.5(e) Yes 

63.5(f) Yes 

63.6(a) Yes 

63.6(b) No Subpart S specifies compliance dates 

for sources subject to subpart S. 

63.6(c) No Subpart S specifies compliance dates 

for sources subject to subpart S. 

63.6(d) No Section reserved. 

63.6(e)(1)(i) YesNo See §63.453(q) for general duty 

requirement

63.6(e)(1)(ii) No
Page 119 of 122 

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.6(e)(1)(iii) Yes

63.6(e)(2) No Section reserved.

63.6(e)(3) No

63.6(f)(1) No

63.6(f)(2) Yes 

63.6(f)(3) Yes

63.6(g) Yes 

63.6(h) No Pertains to continuous opacity 

monitors that are not part of this 

standard. 

63.6(i) Yes 

63.6(j) Yes 

63.7 YesYes, 

except for 

63.7(e)(1).

Section 63.7(e)(1) is replaced with 

§63.457(o) which specifies 

performance testing conditions under 

Subpart S.

63.8(a)(1) Yes 

63.8(a)(2) Yes 

63.8(a)(3) No Section reserved. 

63.8(a)(4) Yes 

63.8(b)(1) Yes 

63.8(b)(2) No Subpart S specifies locations to 

conduct monitoring. 

63.8(b)(3) Yes 

63.8(c)(1)(i) YesNo See §63.453(q) for general duty 

requirement (which includes 

monitoring equipment)

63.8(c)(1)(ii) Yes

63.8(c)(1)(iii) No

63.8(c)(2) Yes 

63.8(c)(3) Yes 

63.8(c)(4) No Subpart S allows site specific 

determination of monitoring 

frequency in §63.453(n)(4). 

63.8(c)(5) No Pertains to continuous opacity 

monitors that are not part of this 

standard. 

63.8(c)(6) Yes 

63.8(c)(7) Yes 

63.8(c)(8) Yes 

63.8(d) YesYes, 

except for 

last 

sentence, 

which refers 

to an SSM 

plan. 

SSM plans are not required.

63.8(e) Yes 

63.8(f)(1)–(5) Yes 

63.8(f)(6) No Subpart S does not specify relative 

accuracy test for CEMs. 

63.8(g) Yes 
Page 120 of 122 

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.9(a) Yes 

63.9(b) Yes Initial notifications must be 

submitted within one year after the 

source becomes subject to the 

relevant standard. 

63.9(c) Yes 

63.9(d) No Special compliance requirements are 

only applicable to kraft mills. 

63.9(e) Yes 

63.9(f) No Pertains to continuous opacity 

monitors that are not part of this 

standard. 

63.9(g)(1) Yes 

63.9(g)(2) No Pertains to continuous opacity 

monitors that are not part of this 

standard. 

63.9(g)(3) No Subpart S does not specify relative 

accuracy tests, therefore no 

notification is required for an 

alternative. 

63.9(h) Yes 

63.9(i) Yes 

63.9(j) Yes 

63.10(a) Yes 

63.10(b)(1) Yes 

63.10(b)(2)(i) No

63.10(b)(2)(ii) No. See §63.454(g) for recordkeeping of 

(1) occurrence and duration and (2) 

actions taken during malfunction.

63.10(b)(2)(iii) Yes

63.10(b)(2)(iv) No

63.10(b)(2)(v) No

63.10(b)(2)(vi) Yes

63.10(b)(2)(vii)-

(ix)

Yes

63.10(b)(3) Yes

63.10(c)(1)-(7) Yes

63.10(c)(8) Yes

63.10(c)(9) No Section reserved.

63.10(c)(10)-(11) YesNo See §63.454(g) for malfunction 

recordkeeping requirements.

63.10(c)(12)-(14) Yes

63.10(c)(15) No

63.10(d)(1) Yes 

63.10(d)(2) Yes 

63.10(d)(3) No Pertains to continuous opacity 

monitors that are not part of this 

standard. 

63.10(d)(4) Yes 

63.10(d)(5) YesNo See §63.455(g) for malfunction 

reporting requirements.

63.10(e)(1) Yes 
Page 121 of 122 

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.10(e)(2)(i) Yes 

63.10(e)(2)(ii) No Pertains to continuous opacity 

monitors that are not part of this 

standard. 

63.10(e)(3) Yes 

63.10(e)(4) No Pertains to continuous opacity 

monitors that are not part of this 

standard. 

63.10(f) Yes 

63.11–63.15 Yes a

Wherever subpart A specifies “postmark” dates, submittals may be sent 

by methods other than the U.S. Mail (e.g., by fax or courier). 

Submittals shall be sent by the specified dates, but a postmark is not 

required.