<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="cp:revision" content="3">
<meta name="meta:word-count" content="667">
<meta name="extended-properties:Application" content="Microsoft Office Word">
<meta name="meta:last-author" content="pgrove">
<meta name="dc:creator" content="wpgould">
<meta name="extended-properties:Company" content="USDA APHIS">
<meta name="meta:print-date" content="2010-09-08T17:42:00Z">
<meta name="xmpTPg:NPages" content="3">
<meta name="dcterms:created" content="2010-09-08T17:29:00Z">
<meta name="dcterms:modified" content="2010-09-08T17:43:00Z">
<meta name="meta:character-count" content="3806">
<meta name="extended-properties:Template" content="Normal.dotm">
<meta name="X-TIKA:Parsed-By" content="org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser">
<meta name="X-TIKA:Parsed-By" content="org.apache.tika.parser.microsoft.OfficeParser">
<meta name="dc:title" content="Subject:  Justification for removing fruit fly cold treatment and trapping requirements for Shandong Province, China in conjun">
<meta name="extended-properties:TotalTime" content="1200000000">
<meta name="Content-Length" content="55808">
<meta name="meta:page-count" content="3">
<meta name="Content-Type" content="application/msword">
<title>Subject:  Justification for removing fruit fly cold treatment and trapping requirements for Shandong Province, China in conjun</title>
</head>
<body><p><img src="embedded:image1.png" alt="image1.png"><img src="embedded:image2.jpg" alt="image2.jpg"></p>
<p><b>United States Department of Agriculture
</b></p>
<p><b>Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
</b></p>
<p><b>Plant Protection and Quarantine</b></p>
<p><b>Risk Management Document</b></p>
<p><b><i>Pacaya </i>(Chamaedorea tepejilote <i>Liebm.</i>)<i> from Central America into the Continental United States</i></b></p>
<p><b>November 17, 2009</b></p>
<p><b>Plant Health Programs (PHP)</b></p>
<p><b>Risk Management and Plants for Planting Policy (RMPPP)
</b></p>
<p><b>Contact Person: <i>Phillip B. Grove</i></b></p>
<p><b>Introduction
</b></p>
<p>In response to a request for market access to import fresh immature inflorescences of pacaya, <i>Chamaedorea tepejilote </i>Liebm., into the continental United States from El Salvador, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) prepared a pest risk assessment (PRA) as per the <i>Guidelines for Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Assessment</i> (USDA. 2000).  </p>
<p>Since pacaya has never been a significant agronomic commodity in El Salvador, little information exists about its production and pest problems. Thus, APHIS included information from other countries in the growing region in the analysis, particularly Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. In addition, confusion exists about the taxonomy of pacaya palm, so APHIS included information about three other taxa in the PRA as well: 1) <i>Chamaedorea </i>sp., 2) <i>C. alterans</i>, which has frequently been confused with <i>C. tepejilote </i>(Bacon and Bailey, 2006), and 3) <i>C. costaricacannse,</i> which is sometimes referred to as a pacaya in the literature. The pest risk assessment document, <i>Importation of Fresh Immature Inflorescences of Pacaya, Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebmann, from El Salvador into the Continental United States, </i>found two quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway of immature inflorescences of  pacaya imported from Central America (USDA. 2009).  </p>
<p class="plain_Text"><i>Brooksithrips chamaedoreae</i> Retana & Mound (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) thrips
</p>
<p class="plain_Text"><i>Sarasinula plebeia</i> (Fischer) (Systellommatophora: Veronicellidae) Caribbean leatherleaf slug
</p>
<p class="plain_Text">The PRA determined that the pest risk is <b>Medium</b> for<i> Sarasinula plebeia</i> and <b>Low</b> for <i>Brooksithrips chamaedoreae</i>. 
</p>
<p class="plain_Text">Pests assigned a Low Pest Risk Potential typically do not require specific mitigation measures as port-of-entry inspection is expected to provide sufficient phytosanitary security. For pests with a Medium Pest Risk Potential, specific phytosanitary measures may be necessary.</p>
<p>Risk mitigations required will include: port of entry inspection, commercial shipments only, and inspection by the NPPO and phytosanitary certificate indicating the commodity has been inspected and no pests are present is required.</p>
<p><b>Risk Management Measures
</b></p>
<p>· Pacaya must be imported as commercial shipments only.</p>
<p>· Each consignment of Pacaya must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by NPPO of the exporting country stating that the Pacaya in the consignment has been inspected and is free of pests.</p>
<p>· Each shipment is subject to inspection upon arrival at port of entry to the United States.
</p>
<p><b>Conclusion
</b></p>
<p>APHIS believes that the phytosanitary measures proposed in this document will result in the effective removal of any potential quarantine pests associated with the importation of fresh pacaya from Central America.  Only pests whose risk was rated low were identified by the pest risk assessment as following the pathway of fresh pacaya.  Inspection is considered effective at finding external feeding pests and excluding infested shipments from entering commerce (Cavey, 2003; Wittenberg and Cock, 2001).  </p>
<p><b>References:
</b></p>
<p>Cavey, J.F.  2003.  Mitigating introduction of invasive plant pests:  the APHIS-PPQ Mission.  
</p>
<p>From: Chapter 13, pp. 350-361 <i>in</i> Ruiz, G.M and J.T. Carlton. 2003. Invasive species: vectors and management strategies. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 518p.<b>

</b></p>
<p>USDA. 2000. Guidelines for Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Assessments, Version 5.02. USDA-APHIS, PPQ; <a href="http://oars.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/pra/commodity/cpraguide.pdf"><u>http://oars.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/pra/commodity/cpraguide.pdf</u></a></p>
<p>USDA. 2009.  Importation of Fresh Immature Inflorescences of Pacaya, <i>Chamaedorea tepejilote</i> Liebm., from El Salvador into the Continental United States. A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Assessment.  USDA, APHIS, CPHST, PERAL, Raleigh, NC. 49 pp.</p>
<p>Wittenberg, R. and M.J.W. Cock.  2001. Invasive Alien Species: A toolkit of best prevention and management practices.  CABI publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.  228 pp.
</p>
<p><b>Authors</b></p>
<p>Walter P. Gould
</p>
<p>Senior Risk Manager
</p>
<div class="footer"><p class="footer">Version 1

September 30, 2009
</p>
</div>
</body></html>