### 1 ************************************************************************************************************ ************************************************************************************************************ Northeast Region_NR_Tests.docx Author: Abt Associates Inc. Created: 7/5/12 Updated: 7/6/12 Purpose: This file presents output from SAS code which compares characteristics of respondents to the Northeast regional 316(b) stated preference survey to survey non-respondents. Tests include the Student T-test, Mann-Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon Test), and Chi-Squared Test of Proportions. Results were used in developing model weights. ************************************************************************************************************ ************************************************************************************************************

### 2 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region - T-test for Age ************************************************************************************************** The TTEST Procedure Variable: age sample N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum main 401 54.5910 15.5580 0.7769 10.0000 93.0000 nonresponse 110 53.3182 16.6854 1.5909 24.0000 94.0000 Diff (1 - 2) 1.2728 15.8062 1.7013 sample Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev main 54.5910 53.0636 56.1184 15.5580 14.5506 16.7165 nonresponse 53.3182 50.1651 56.4713 16.6854 14.7340 19.2373 Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.2728 -2.0695 4.6152 15.8062 14.8921 16.8408 Diff (1 -2) Satterthwaite 1.2728
- 2.2229 4.7686

Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t| Pooled Equal 509 0.75 0.4547 Satterthwaite Unequal 164.64 0.72 0.4732

Equality of Variances Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F Folded F 109 400 1.15 0.3392

### 3

### 4 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Gender ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable gender

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 110 32617.0 28325.0 1173.14774 296.518182 main 404 99738.0 104030.0 1173.14774 246.876238

Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 32617.0000
Normal Approximation Z 3.6581 One -Sided Pr > Z 0.0001 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0003
t Approximation One -Sided Pr > Z 0.0001 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0003 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi- Square 13.3849 DF 1 Pr > Chi -Square 0.0003

### 5

### 6 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Gender ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by gender

sample gender

male female Total main 258

50.19 63.86 84.04 146

28.40 36.14 70.53 404

78.60

nonresponse 49

9.53 44.55 15.96 61

11.87 55.45 29.47 110

21.40

Total 307

59.73 207

40.27 514

100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by gender Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 13.4110 0.0003 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 13.1918 0.0003 Continuity Adj. Chi -Square 1 12.6199 0.0004 Mantel - Haenszel Chi - Square 1 13.3849 0.0003 Phi Coefficient 0.1615 Contingency Coefficient 0.1595 Cramer's V 0.1615

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 258 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.9999 Right-sided Pr >= F 2.111E-04
Table Probability (P) 1.201E
- 04 Two-sided Pr <= P 2.944E
- 04
Sample Size = 514

### 7 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Employment ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable employ

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 110 28350.50 28160.0 1144.58158 257.731818 main 401 102465.50 102656.0 1144.58158 255.524938

Average scores were used for ties.
Wilcoxon Two -Sample Test Statistic 28350.5000
Normal Approximation Z 0.1660 One-Sided Pr > Z 0.4341 Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8682
t Approximation One -Sided Pr > Z 0.4341 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8682 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.0277 DF 1 Pr > Chi-Square 0.8678

### 8

### 9 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Employment ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by employ

sample employ

employed unemployed Total main 255

49.90 63.59 78.70 146

28.57 36.41 78.07 401

78.47

nonresponse 69

13.50 62.73 21.30 41

8.02 37.27 21.93 110

21.53

Total 324

63.41 187

36.59 511

100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by employ Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 0.0278 0.8677 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 0.0277 0.8678 Continuity Adj. Chi- Square 1 0.0030 0.9562 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 0.0277 0.8678 Phi Coefficient 0.0074 Contingency Coefficient 0.0074 Cramer's V 0.0074

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 255 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.6116 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.4759
Table Probability (P) 0.0874 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.9112
Sample Size = 511

### 10 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Hispanic/Latino ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable hisp Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 108 27162.0 27270.0 513.979864 251.500000 main 396 100098.0 99990.0 513.979864 252.772727

Average scores were used for ties.
Wilcoxon Two -Sample Test Statistic 27162.0000
Normal Approximation Z
- 0.2092 One-Sided Pr < Z 0.4172 Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8343
t Approximation One -Sided Pr < Z 0.4172 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8344 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.0442 DF 1 Pr > Chi-Square 0.8336

### 11

### 12 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Hispanic/Latino ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by hisp

sample hisp

hispanic nothispanic Total main 20

3.97 5.05 76.92 376

74.60 94.95 78.66 396

78.57

nonresponse 6

1.19 5.56 23.08 102

20.24 94.44 21.34 108

21.43

Total 26

5.16 478

94.84 504

100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by hisp Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 0.0442 0.8334 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 0.0435 0.8348 Continuity Adj. Chi - Square 1 0.0000 1.0000 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 0.0442 0.8336 Phi Coefficient

- 0.0094 Contingency Coefficient 0.0094 Cramer's V

- 0.0094

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 20 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.4968 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.6873
Table Probability (P) 0.1841 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.8080
Sample Size = 504

### 13 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Education ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable education

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of Scores Expected

Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 111 27147.50 28471.50 1349.90203 244.572072 main 401 104180.50 102856.50 1349.90203 259.801746

Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 27147.5000
Normal Approximation Z
- 0.9804 One -Sided Pr < Z 0.1634 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.3269
t Approximation One -Sided Pr < Z 0.1637 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.3273 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.9620 DF 1 Pr > Chi - Square 0.3267

### 14

### 15 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Education ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by education

sample education

1 2 3 4 5 6 9 Total main 17

3.32 4.24 77.27 63

12.30 15.71 67.74 41

8.01 10.22 89.13 96

18.75 23.94 83.48 91

17.77 22.69 75.21 93

18.16 23.19 81.58 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 401

78.32

nonresponse 5

0.98 4.50 22.73 30

5.86 27.03 32.26 5

0.98 4.50 10.87 19

3.71 17.12 16.52 30

5.86 27.03 24.79 21

4.10 18.92 18.42 1

0.20 0.90 100.00 111

21.68

Total 22

4.30 93 18.16 46

8.98 115 22.46 121

23.63 114

22.27 1

0.20 512 100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by education Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 6 16.1274 0.0131 Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 6 15.6613 0.0157 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 1.1119 0.2917 Phi Coefficient 0.1775 Contingency Coefficient 0.1747 Cramer's V 0.1775 WARNING: 21% of the cells have expected counts less than 5. Chi-Square may not be a valid test.

Sample Size = 512

### 16 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Fisher’s Exact Test for Education **************************************************************************************************

The SAS System 11:53 Friday, July 6, 2012 40

The FREQ Procedure

Table of sample by education

sample education
Frequency | Percent | Row Pct | Col Pct | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 9| Total

------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ main | 17 | 63 | 41 | 96 | 91 | 93 | 0 | 401

| 3.32 | 12.30 | 8.01 | 18.75 | 17.77 | 18.16 | 0.00 | 78.32 | 4.24 | 15.71 | 10.22 | 23.94 | 22.69 | 23.19 | 0.00 | | 77.27 | 67.74 | 89.13 | 83.48 | 75.21 | 81.58 | 0.00 |

------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ nonresponse | 5 | 30 | 5 | 19 | 30 | 21 | 1 | 111

| 0.98 | 5.86 | 0.98 | 3.71 | 5.86 | 4.10 | 0.20 | 21.68 | 4.50 | 27.03 | 4.50 | 17.12 | 27.03 | 18.92 | 0.90 | | 22.73 | 32.26 | 10.87 | 16.52 | 24.79 | 18.42 | 100.00 |

------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ Total 22 93 46 115 121 114 1 512

4.30 18.16 8.98 22.46 23.63 22.27 0.20 100.00

### 17 Statistics for Table of sample by education

Statistic DF Value Prob

------------------------------------------------------ Chi-Square 6 16.1274 0.0131 Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 6 15.6613 0.0157 Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 1.1119 0.2917 Phi Coefficient 0.1775 Contingency Coefficient 0.1747 Cramer's V 0.1775

WARNING: 21% of the cells have expected counts less

than 5. Chi-Square may not be a valid test.

Fisher's Exact Test

---------------------------------- Table Probability (P) 2.435E-08 Pr <= P 0.0147

Sample Size = 512

### 18 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable aquatic

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 104 25913.0 26468.0 1259.84835 249.163462 main 404 103373.0 102818.0 1259.84835 255.873762

Average scores were used for ties.
Wilcoxon Two -Sample Test Statistic 25913.0000
Normal Approximation Z
- 0.4401 One -Sided Pr < Z 0.3299 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6598
t Approximation One -Sided Pr < Z 0.3300 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6600 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal-Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.1941 DF 1 Pr > Chi - Square 0.6596

### 19

### 20 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by aquatic

sample aquatic

1 2 3 4 5 Total main 7

1.38 1.73 77.78 30

5.91 7.43 75.00 80

15.75 19.80 80.81 111

21.85 27.48 78.72 176

34.65 43.56 80.37 404

79.53

nonresponse 2

0.39 1.92 22.22 10

1.97 9.62 25.00 19

3.74 18.27 19.19 30

5.91 28.85 21.28 43

8.46 41.35 19.63 104

20.47

Total 9

1.77 40

7.87 99 19.49 141

27.76 219

43.11 508

100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by aquatic Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 4 0.7707 0.9423 Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 4 0.7477 0.9453 Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 0.2384 0.6254 Phi Coefficient 0.0389 Contingency Coefficient 0.0389 Cramer's V 0.0389

Sample Size = 508

### 21 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Income less than 60k ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable income_lt60k

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 98 23997.0 22785.0 1017.18815 244.867347 main 366 83883.0 85095.0 1017.18815 229.188525

Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 23997.0000
Normal Approximation Z 1.1910 One -Sided Pr > Z 0.1168 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.2336
t Approximation One -Sided Pr > Z 0.1171 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.2343 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 1.4197 DF 1 Pr > Chi - Square 0.2334

### 22

### 23 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Income less than 60k ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by income_lt60k

sample income_lt60k

0 1 Total main 204

43.97 55.74 80.95 162

34.91 44.26 76.42 366

78.88

nonresponse 48

10.34 48.98 19.05 50

10.78 51.02 23.58 98

21.12

Total 252

54.31 212

45.69 464

100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by income_lt60k Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 1.4228 0.2329 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 1.4186 0.2336 Continuity Adj. Chi - Square 1 1.1635 0.2807 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 1.4197 0.2334 Phi Coefficient 0.0554 Contingency Coefficient 0.0553 Cramer's V 0.0554

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 204 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.9042 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.1404
Table Probability (P) 0.0447 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.2544
Sample Size = 464

### 24 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Race (minority) ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable race_minor

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 105 26138.50 25935.0 822.832963 248.938095 main 388 95632.50 95836.0 822.832963 246.475515

Average scores were used for ties.
Wilcoxon Two -Sample Test Statistic 26138.5000
Normal Approximation Z 0.2467 One -Sided Pr > Z 0.4026 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8051
t Approximation One -Sided Pr > Z 0.4026 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.8052 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal-Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.0612 DF 1 Pr > Chi - Square 0.8047

### 25

### 26 ************************************************************************************************** Northeast Region – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Race (minority) ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by race_minor

sample race_minor

minor white Total main 63

12.78 16.24 79.75 325

65.92 83.76 78.50 388

78.70

nonresponse 16

3.25 15.24 20.25 89

18.05 84.76 21.50 105

21.30

Total 79

16.02 414

83.98 493

100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by race_minor Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 0.0613 0.8045 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 0.0619 0.8035 Continuity Adj. Chi - Square 1 0.0095 0.9222 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 0.0612 0.8047 Phi Coefficient 0.0111 Contingency Coefficient 0.0111 Cramer's V 0.0111

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 63 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.6482 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.4689
Table Probability (P) 0.1171 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.8815
Sample Size = 493