NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

___________________________________

DAVID L. KURTZ, DBA Kurtz Law No. 19-16544

Firm, individually and as President of

David L. Kurtz, P.C.; DAVID L. KURTZ D.C. No. 2:19-cv-00152-GMS

P.C., an Arizona professional corporation, District of Arizona,

Phoenix

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v. MEMORANDUM*

GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER

COMPANY, an Ohio corporation,

Defendant-Appellee.

___________________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Arizona

G. Murray Snow, Chief District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted August 31, 2020

Pasadena, California

Before: IKUTA and BENNETT, Circuit Judges, and WOODLOCK,

** District 

Judge.

*

 This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

**

 The Honorable Douglas P. Woodlock, United States District Judge for the 

District of Massachusetts, sitting by designation.

FILED

JUN 9 2021

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2

Attorney David Kurtz appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to 

reconsider, Kurtz v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., No. CV-19-00152, 2019 WL 

4736796 (D. Ariz. Sept. 27, 2019), its grant of a motion to dismiss his amended 

complaint, Kurtz v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., No. CV-19-00152, 2019 WL 

2996054 (D. Ariz. July 9, 2019). The amended complaint seeks business loss 

damages Kurtz says he separately suffered from litigation misconduct directed at 

his clients by Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (“Goodyear”). The litigation 

misconduct by Goodyear occurred during two cases (the “Haeger litigation”) in 

which, on behalf of his clients the Haegers, Kurtz pursued products liability and 

negligence claims concerning Goodyear’s G159 tires.

1

 We have jurisdiction under 

28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm.

1

 The two cases comprising the Haeger litigation successively sought recovery for 

severe injuries experienced by two couples—Leroy Haeger and his wife Donna 

Haeger, and Leroy’s son Barry Haeger and his wife Suzanne Haeger. Those 

injuries were alleged to have been caused by the failure of a Goodyear G159 tire

resulting in the family’s motorhome swerving off the road and flipping over.

 Haeger I was filed on June 13, 2005, Haeger et al. v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber 

Co., et al., CV2005-050959 (Maricopa County Ariz. Super. Court) and thereafter 

removed to federal court on July 11, 2005, where it was docketed as Haeger, et al. 

v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber, et al., No. 2:05-cv-02046 (D. Ariz.). Although

initially settled in 2010 on the eve of trial, the case thereafter became the vehicle 

for addressing the Haegers’ rights to sanctions for later-uncovered discovery abuse. 

Judge Silver suggested in her lengthy opinion finding misconduct by Goodyear, 

Haeger v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 906 F. Supp. 2d 938 (D. Ariz. 2012), that 

the underlying substantive claims be separately litigated in a new action in light of 

the findings of discovery misconduct. Id. at 973. Ultimately the Supreme Court 

reversed and remanded as to the sanctions order, directing that the district court, if 
3

When the instant Kurtz case2 was presented to the district court by a 

dispositive motion, Goodyear pressed a variety of grounds upon which the various 

claims could be dismissed. The district court chose in disposing of that motion to 

focus on statute of limitations grounds. We are satisfied the district court did not 

abuse its discretion in thereafter denying Kurtz’s motion for reconsideration by 

expanding its focus to consider the specific requirements for a civil Racketeer 

Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”) conspiracy claim and by 

relying on settled principles recognizing forfeiture of claims not adequately argued 

in response to the contentions of a motion to dismiss until belated presentation in a 

appropriate, engage in a reassessment of “fees in line with [the] but-for causation 

requirement” its opinion announced. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Haeger, 137 

S. Ct. 1178, 1186–88, 1190 (2017). We take judicial notice that the district court 

docket in Haeger I reports that a contingent sanction award was granted this spring 

(Dkt. No. 1234, March 26, 2021) by Judge Snow, to whom the case was reassigned 

on remand, and that a stipulated notice of satisfaction of judgment (Dkt. No. 1235, 

April 19, 2021) and exoneration of Goodyear’s supersedeas bond (Dkt. 1237, May 

13, 2021) have followed in due course, apparently concluding Haeger I. 

 Haeger II, filed on May 20, 2013, Haeger, et al. v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber, et 

al., CV2013-052753 (Maricopa County Ariz. Super. Court), was the new action the 

Haegers mounted in response to Judge Silver’s suggestion in Haeger I. Haeger II

was reported settled on January 26, 2017, through a settlement document that did 

not purport to govern whatever basis Kurtz might have to pursue his own claims 

arising from the Haeger litigation. 

2

 This case was originally filed in Arizona’s Maricopa County Superior Court on 

October 1, 2018, and, following the filing of an amended complaint on December 

31, 2018, was removed on January 9, 2019, to the federal court, where it was 

docketed as Kurtz et al. v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., et al., No. 2:19-cv-00152 

(D. Ariz.). 
4

reconsideration motion. This approach, although not the only one available, 

disposed of Kurtz’s claims comprehensively and efficiently.

The parties do not dispute the applicable limitations periods: four years for 

Kurtz’s RICO claims, three years for his state fraud claims, and two years for his 

abuse of process and tortious interference claims. Agency Holding Corp. v.

Malley-Duff & Assocs., Inc., 483 U.S. 143, 156 (1987); Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 12-542–

43. Nor is there a dispute that the district court correctly ruled the relevant statutes

of limitations began to run no later than when Kurtz knew or should have known of 

harm caused to him by Goodyear. Kurtz, however, contends that the harm caused 

to him is distinguishable from that caused to the Haegers and that the harm 

separately caused him did not become manifest until fall 2016 when additional 

concealed documents were finally disclosed by Goodyear in Haeger II, an event he 

says caused Goodyear shortly thereafter to settle his clients’ claims.

Kurtz’s argument that his harm was not sufficiently definite and apparent to 

start the statute of limitations clock until fall 2016, when Goodyear belatedly

released additional previously undisclosed documents, fails under the injury

discovery rule applicable to civil RICO claims in this Circuit, Grimmett v. Brown, 

75 F.3d 506, 511–12 (9th Cir. 1996), and to the Arizona law claims Kurtz alleged, 

Keonjian v. Olcott, 216 Ariz. 563, 566 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2007) (holding that the 

“controlling issue” in determining when the claim accrues is “when [the plaintiff] 
5

became aware or should have been aware of the cause of [their] harm” (quotation 

marks and citation omitted)). Therefore, the district court did not err in dismissing 

these claims because the statute of limitations had run.

While Goodyear’s release of the further formerly concealed data may have 

revealed that Kurtz suffered more harm than he had anticipated, this is simply a 

refinement of the damages he then knew or should have known he had already 

suffered as a result of the Haeger litigation. However, the district court initially 

found in granting the motion to dismiss that Goodyear’s concealment of additional

material concerned the same misconduct—that Goodyear concealed information 

about its defective G159 tires—as that underlying the earlier Haeger litigation. 

The statutes of limitations at issue here do not begin anew each time a party

discovers the extent of his injury is greater than he expected. Grimmett made 

clear that the limitations period begins to run when a plaintiff knows or should 

know of the injury which is the basis of his injury. Grimmett, 75 F.3d at 511. 

Arizona law is no different. Keonjian, 216 Ariz. at 566. 

The limitations period applicable to Kurtz began, at the latest, when, on 

behalf of his clients, he filed the May 20, 2013 complaint in Haeger II, plainly 

demonstrating his knowledge of the wrongful litigation conduct by Goodyear and 

of non-speculative injuries applicable to him. Kurtz, however, did not file his own 

complaint until October 1, 2018, well after the statute of limitations had run for all 
6

the claims he asserted.

To be sure, as the district court correctly noted in its order denying Kurtz’s 

motion for reconsideration, Kurtz did argue in his response to the defendant’s 

motion to dismiss that his mail fraud claim was within the statute of limitations

because he alleged there what could be characterized as predicate acts (or perhaps 

could alternatively be characterized as overt acts) that occurred after October 1, 

2014, within four years of the filing of his own separate action. Yet Kurtz already 

plausibly had a RICO cause of action before any mail fraud occurring after 

October 1, 2014. Anza v. Ideal Steel Supply Corp., 547 U.S. 451, 479 (2006) 

(“[RICO] defines a pattern of racketeer activity to include engaging in at least two 

predicate acts in a 10-year period.” (cleaned up)). The Supreme Court in Klehr v.

A.O. Smith Corp., 521 U.S. 179 (1997) and Rotella v. Wood, 528 U.S. 549 (2000)

prohibited plaintiffs from extending RICO’s four-year statute of limitations by 

relying upon predicate offenses occurring after the predicate offenses sufficient to 

establish a RICO claim. See Klehr, 521 U.S. at 188–90; Rotella, 528 U.S. at 553–

54. Instead, the statute of limitations begins accruing when a plaintiff knows or 

should have known of his injury, and does not “run anew upon each predicate act 

forming part of the same pattern.” See Rotella, 528 U.S. at 553–54. The Supreme 

Court’s review of the discovery rule for civil RICO actions has left undisturbed 

this Circuit’s injury discovery rule. Id. at 553–54 (citing Grimmett, 75 F.3d at 
7

511). Therefore, the district court did not err in also dismissing this claim because 

the statute of limitations had run.

In its order denying Kurtz’s motion for reconsideration, the district court 

assumed that Kurtz had adequately pled a mail fraud predicate within the statute of 

limitations. 2019 WL 4736796, at *2. Consequently it expanded its focus on the 

requisites for a civil RICO claim in order to consider whether the mails had been 

used to obtain money or property from a person who was deceived, as required for 

a mail fraud predicate offense under RICO. See generally Monterey Plaza Hotel 

Ltd. P’ship v. Loc. 483 of Hotel Emps. & Rest. Emps. Union, AFL-CIO, 215 F.3d 

923, 926 (9th Cir. 2000); cf. United States v. Lew, 875 F.2d 219, 221–22 (9th Cir. 

1989) (application of requisite in criminal context).

The district court did not err when it held on reconsideration that, even if 

Kurtz’s alleged RICO claims based on an additional predicate offense of mail 

fraud were not barred by the statute of limitations, Kurtz failed to state his RICO 

claims on the merits. This alternative grounds for dismissing the mail fraud 

predicate is also well founded. Mail fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1341 requires “intent 

to obtain ‘money or property [from the one who is deceived] by means of false or 

fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises’”; for conduct to meet this

requirement, it must be “acquisitive,” rather than merely “vexatious or harassing.” 

Monterey Plaza, 215 F.3d at 926–27 (alteration in original) (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 
8

1341). Goodyear’s discovery misconduct did not involve acquisitive activity 

directed at Kurtz or wrongful transfers from Kurtz as a putative victim. Even 

assuming that Kurtz could be said to have been deceived by Goodyear any later 

than when he filed Haeger II on his clients’ behalf, his separate business loss claim 

plainly did not allege acquisitive or wrongful transfer of money or property from 

him.

The district court correctly held that Kurtz forfeited his argument that 

Goodyear’s fraudulent concealment tolled the statute of limitations because he did 

not legibly raise it in his response to Goodyear’s motion to dismiss and waited 

until his reconsideration motion to do so plainly. It is well established that a party 

failing to press an argument in response to a dispositive motion who first does so 

when presenting a motion for reconsideration may be held to have forfeited the 

argument. Kona Enters., Inc. v. Estate of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890–91 (9th Cir. 

2000).

For the same reason, the district court held correctly that Kurtz forfeited his 

arguments that Goodyear’s May 2018 deceptive filing with the court in Haeger I

on remand constituted obstruction of justice, abuse of process, and intentional 

interference because he similarly did not raise those arguments adequately in his 

response to Goodyear’s motion to dismiss and again waited until his 

reconsideration motion filing to do so. 
9

To close this case with finality we observe in conclusion that the district 

court did not abuse its discretion in not sua sponte granting Kurtz leave to amend 

his complaint because no foreseeable amendment could have revived those claims. 

Cf. Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 (9th Cir. 1995). 

AFFIRMED.