Non-Hispanic black 

 Hispanic

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 1. Percentage of persons aged greater than or equal to 18 years who reported receiving influenza or 

pneumococcal vaccine*, by age and selected characteristics — National Health Interview Survey, United 

States, 1997‡ 

Characteristic 

Received influenza vaccine 

during previous 12 mos Ever received pneumococcal vaccine 

High-risk persons All persons 

Aged 

�65 yrs

(n=6,878) 

High-risk persons 

All persons

Aged 

65 yrs

(n=6,745) 

Aged 

18–49 yrs 

(n=3,263) 

Aged 

50–64 yrs 

(n=2,003) 

Aged 

18–49 yrs 

(n=2,743) 

Aged 

50–64 yrs 

(n=1,901) 

% (95% CI†

) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) 

Sex 

 Male 

 Female 

19.5 (±2.7) 

21.4 (±2.0) 

37.6 (±3.7)

43.2 (±3.5) 

64.8 (±2.4)

62.1 (±1.6)

 9.2 (±2.0)

7.9 (±1.4) 

18.3 (±2.9)

20.2 (±2.9)

43.0 (±2.4)

41.9 (±2.0)

Race/ethnicity§

 Non-Hispanic white

 American Indian/

 Alaskan Native 

Asian/Pacific

 Islander 

22.3 (±2.0)

17.3 (±3.5)

12.6 (±3.1) 

¶ 

16.2(±9.6) 

41.8 (±2.9)

34.4 (±5.9) 

33.1 (±6.5) 

¶ 

45.1(±21.2)** 

65.8 (±1.6)

44.8 (±4.3) 

52.7 (±5.9) 

¶ 

51.2(±11.3)

 8.4 (±1.4)

11.7 (±3.5)

4.5 (±1.8) 

¶ 

¶ 

20.1 (±2.5)

15.0 (±4.1) 

16.7 (±5.1) 

¶ 

¶ 

45.7 (±1.6)

22.2 (±3.7)

23.5 (±4.5) 

¶ 

27.0(±12.9) 

Poverty status††

 At or above poverty

 level

Below poverty level 

21.0 (±2.0)

17.9 (±3.9) 

42.3 (±3.1) 

36.8 (±5.9) 

65.8 (±1.8)

51.9 (±3.7)

8.1 (±1.4)

 9.6 (±2.9) 

19.6 (±2.6)

19.9 (±4.7) 

44.9 (±1.8) 

30.9 (±3.7)

Education level

 Less than high school 

 High school 

More than high school 

11.6 (±3.1) 

19.6 (±2.9) 

24.4 (±2.4) 

36.5 (±4.9) 

41.8 (±4.7) 

42.3 (±3.9) 

58.2 (±2.2) 

64.4 (±2.4) 

68.2 (±2.4)

6.8 (±2.7)

8.8 (±2.4)

 8.6 (±1.4) 

19.4 (±3.7) 

20.3 (±3.5) 

18.7 (±3.3) 

37.1 (±2.2) 

44.0 (±2.4) 

47.2 (±2.6) 

Insurance status

 Have medical 

insurance 23.1 (±1.8) 42.5 (±2.7) 63.5 (±1.4) 8.6 (±1.0) 19.9 (±2.4) 42.7 (±1.6) 

No medical insurance 11.0 (±2.7) 26.4 (±6.3) 37.4(±16.7)** 7.8 (±2.4) 15.5 (±4.9) ¶ 

No. physician contacts 

during previous 12 mos 

 None 9.7 (±3.9) 12.9 (±5.9) 29.2 (±3.7) 6.8 (±3.5) 13.3 (±6.3) 18.2 (±3.5) 

1 13.4 (±3.7) 26.1 (±6.9) 54.2 (±4.1) 6.7 (±2.9) 11.1 (±4.9) 37.9 (±3.7) 

2-3 16.2 (±2.9) 39.3 (±5.9) 63.7 (±2.7) 5.1 (±1.8) 13.6 (±3.9) 40.0 (±2.9) 

4-9 25.8 (±3.5) 43.4 (±4.3) 69.7 (±2.0) 9.1 (±2.2) 19.8 (±3.7) 47.4 (±2.4) 

�10 26.9 (±3.3) 50.0 (±4.3) 73.4 (±2.6) 11.9 (±2.5) 26.6 (±3.9) 50.6 (±3.1) 

Total 20.7 (±1.6) 40.5 (±2.6) 63.2 (±1.4) 8.4 (±1.0) 19.3 (±2.2) 42.4 (±1.6) 

*The prevalences of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination were estimated only for persons at high risk for

complications caused by these infections (i.e., 18–49-year-olds and 50–64-year-olds with high risk medical 

conditions and all persons aged �65 years). Persons categorized as “high risk” for influenza-related

complications self-reported one or more of the following: Ever being told by a physician they had diabetes, 

emphysema, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack or other heart condition; being diagnosed with cancer 

in the past 12 months (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) or ever being told by a physician they have 

lymphoma, leukemia or blood cancer; in the past 12 months being told by a physician they have chronic 

bronchitis or weak or failing kidneys; or reporting an asthma episode or attack in the past 12 months. 

Persons categorized as “high risk” for pneumococcal-related complications met the above criteria, excluding 

asthma, or reported liver disease during the past 12 months. 

‡n=36,116. Sample sizes might not total 36,116 because persons with unknown vaccination status were excluded
 

from analysis. 


†

Confidence interval. 95% CIs were calculated by multiplying the standard error by ±1.96.
 

§

Persons of Hispanic origin can be of any race; however, the race groups non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic
 

black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander do not include persons of Hispanic origin.
 

¶

The standard of reliability is RSE <0.3 (where RSE = the ratio of the standard error and the prevalence). 


This estimate did not meet that standard, or the denominator was <30.
 

**Meets the standard of reliability; however, <50 respondents were in the denominator.
 

††Poverty status is based on family size, number of children aged <18 years, and family income. Published 1996 


poverty thresholds from the Census Bureau are used in these calculation. Persons for whom poverty level was
 

not determined were excluded from this analysis.