# Appendix C
Area Emissions Inventory
Documentation(This page intentionally left blank)Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation i The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 i TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE ............................................................................................... 1

2. OVERALL METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 2

2.1 SOURCE CATEGORY IDENTIFICATION ...................................................................... 2
2.2 AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATION APPROACH .............................................. 2

3. NORTH CAROLINA-DEV ELOPED 2002 AREA SOURCE INVENTORY .......................... 5

3.1 GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................................ 5 3.1.1 Gasoline Dispensing Facilities ...................................................................................... 5 3.1.2 Aircraft Refueling ..................................................................................................... .... 8
3.2 STATIONARY SOURCE SOLVENT EVAPORATION .................................................. 9 3.2.1 Dry Cleaning ........................................................................................................... ...... 9 3.2.2 Graphic Arts/Printing .................................................................................................. 10 3.2.3 Solvent Cleaning and Degreasing ............................................................................... 10 3.2.4 Auto Body Refinishing ............................................................................................... 12 3.2.5 Architectural Coatings ................................................................................................ 12 3.2.6 Traffic Markings ....................................................................................................... .. 13 3.2.7 Industrial Surface Coating .......................................................................................... 14 3.2.8 Asphalt Paving ......................................................................................................... ... 15 3.2.9 Roofing Operations ..................................................................................................... 17 3.2.10 Pesticide Application ................................................................................................ 17
3.2.11 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use ......................................................................... 23
3.3 BIOPROCESS EMISSION SOURCES ............................................................................ 24
3.3.1 Bakeries ............................................................................................................... ........ 24
3.4 OTHER MAN MADE AREA SOURCES ........................................................................ 24
3.4.1 Structure Fires ........................................................................................................ ..... 24 3.4.2 Charbroiling ........................................................................................................... ..... 25 3.4.3 Open Burning – Municipal Solid Waste and Yard Trimmings .................................. 26 3.4.4 Small Stationary S ource Fossil Fuel Use .................................................................... 27
3.4.5 Vehicle Fires .......................................................................................................... ..... 36 3.4.6 Agricultural Burning ................................................................................................... 37
3.4.7 On Site Incineration ................................................................................................... . 38

4. VISTAS DEVELOPED 2002 AREA SOURCE INVENTORY .............................................. 40

4.1 PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS ................................................................................. 40
4.2 FOREST FIRES ............................................................................................................. .... 41Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation ii The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 ii 5. 2008 AREA SOURCE EMISSION INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT ................................... 44

5.1 2008 PROJECTION OF FIRES ........................................................................................ 46 5.1.1 2008 Projection of Forest Fires ....................................................................................... 46 5.1.2 2008 Projection of Structure Fires .................................................................................. 46

6. ADDITIONAL DATA ............................................................................................................ .. 47

6.1 SIC TO NAICS CROSSWALK ........................................................................................ 47
6.2 FRACTION OF NAICS CODE EM PLOYMENT USED TO CREATE SIC EMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................................... ... 94

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1.1-1 Factors Used For Calculating Emission Factor ....................................................... 6

Table 3.1.1-2 Emission Factors For Gasoline Dispensing ............................................................. 7 Table 3.2.3-1 Emission Factors Cleaning & Degreasing ............................................................. 11 Table 3.2.7-1 Per Capita Emission Fact ors For Industrial Surface Coating ................................ 14 Table 3.2.7-2 Per Employee Emission Factors for Industrial Surface Coating ........................... 15 Table 3.2.10-1 Agriculture Pesticides Application Rates ............................................................ 20 Table 3.2.10-2 Emission Factors by Crop Type .......................................................................... 22

Table 3.2.11-1 Misc. Non-I ndustrial Consumer-Commerc ial Emission Factors ........................ 23

Table 3.4.4-1 Fuel Use in North Carolina 2002 ........................................................................... 28

Table 3.4.4-2 Combustion Emission Factors ............................................................................... 28

Table 3.4.4.2-1 Coal Combus tion Emission Factors ................................................................... 31

Table 3.4.4.3-1 Emission Factors for Natural Gas ....................................................................... 33

Table 3.4.4.4-1 Emission Factors fo r Liquefied Petroleum Gas .................................................. 35

Table 3.4.7-1 Yield of Pollutant Values fo r Uncontrolled Refuse Combustors .......................... 38

Table 4.2-1 2002 North Carolina Actual and Typical Fire Emissions ........................................ 43 Table 5-1 Control Efficiency, Rule Effectiven ess and Rule Penetration Rates Applied to the
2008 Area Sources ............................................................................................................. ... 45Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation iii The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 iii List of Acronyms

Acronym Definition AEO Annual Energy Outlook ATADS Air Traffic Activity Data System BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics
BTU British Thermal Units
CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule CERR Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule CMU Carnegie Mellon University
CMV Commercial Marine Vessel CNG Compressed Natural Gas EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System
EF Emission Factor EGAS 5.0 Economic Growth Analysis System version 5.0 EIA Energy Information Administration EIIP Emissions Inventory Improvement Program
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
GF Growth Factor HDD Heavy Duty Diesel IAQTR Interstate Air Quality Transport Rule LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas LTO Landing and Takeoff MSW Municipal Solid Waste NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAICS North American Indus try Classification System NCDAQ North Carolina Division of Air Quality
NCDFR North Carolina Divisi on of Forest Resources NCDOT North Carolina Department of Transportation NCSU North Carolina State University NEI National Emissions Inventory
NG Natural Gas
NIF National Emissions I nventory Input Format NOx Nitrogen Oxides NWR National Wildlife Refuge OTAQ Office of Transpor tation and Air Quality
PFC Portable Fuel Container
PM Particulate MatterArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation iv The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 iv QA Quality Assurance RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis
SCC Source Classification Code SI Spark-Ignition
SIC Standard Industrial Classification SIWG Special Interest Workgroup
T4 Tier 4 USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
USFA U.S. Fire Administration
USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USFS U.S. Forest Service VISTAS Visibility Improve ment State & Tribal Association of the Southeast
VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VOC Volatile Organic CompoundsArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 1 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 1 

### 1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

The attainment modeling for the Charlotte -Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-hour ozone nonattainment area (referred to as the Metro lina area) was built upon the regional haze modeling being done by the Southeast Regi onal Planning Organization, Visi bility Improvement State and
Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) and the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone modeling being done by the Associat ion of Southeastern Integrat ed Planning (ASIP). VISTAS and ASIP are run by the ten Southeast states (A labama, Florida, Georgi a, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virg inia and West Virginia ). Since the regional
haze and PM 2.5 modeling uses annual simulations and incl udes an intermediate year that is the attainment year required for the Metrolina nona ttainment area, the North Carolina Division of Air Quality (NCDAQ) decided to use the this modeling for it s attainment demonstration.

The 2002 base year emissions inventory from th e attainment demonstration was the starting point for the Reasonable Further Progress (R FP) demonstration. The 2008 emissions were developed by applying growth and control factors to the 2002 base year and these factors were applied through the Sparse Matrix Operator Kern el Emissions (SMOKE) preprocessor so that the 2002 and 2008 emissions estimates were comparable.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 2 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 2 

### 2. OVERALL METHODOLOGY

2.1 SOURCE CATEGORY IDENTIFICATION

The area source categories were identified from U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) guidance docu ment EPA-450/4-91-016, Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories of Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Vol. 1 , from this point on this
document will be referred to as the Procedures document; the Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) Technical Reports, Volume 3, Area Sources as of December 2002 (the most current version at the time of the inventory deve lopment), from this point on this document will be referred to as EIIP Tech Report ; and a report entitled, Documentation of the Base G 2002 Base Year, 2009 and 2018, Emission Inventories for VISTAS and written by the VISTAS contractor company, MACTEC, Inc.

2.2 AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATION APPROACH

Area source emissions are estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator of collective activity for each source category with in the inventory area. An indicator is any parameter associated with the activity level of a source that can be co rrelated with the air pollutant emissions from that source, such as production, number of em ployees, or population.

In general, one of the following emissions estima tion approaches is used to calculate the area source emissions: per capita emission factors, employment-related emissi on factors, commodity consumption-related emission factor s, and level of activity based em ission factors. The emission factors used were obtained from the EIIP Tech Reports , the Procedures document or the
USEPA’s AP

- 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Fifth Edition , referred to as
AP-42

.

There are several methods for estimating the activ ity level for a specific area source category. These are: treating area sources as point sources , surveying local activity levels, apportioning national or statewide activity to tals to local inventory areas, using population or employment
data. All of these methods were us ed to estimate area source emissions.

Certain emission categories were adjusted for such things as season or rule effectiveness and rule penetration. These are discussed in the particular source categories descriptions.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 3 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 3 For certain categories, there can be overlap between the point source emissions and the area
source emissions calculated with emission factor s. The 2002 point source emissions in these categories were identified so that they could be subtracted where appropriate.

There are a number of categories where emission s were calculated with emission factors based on employment. These emission factors were developed by the USEPA when employment reports were organized by Standard Indus trial Classification (SIC) code. Since 1997, employment statistics are organized by the No rth American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For the solvent cleaning industries, th e SIC codes do not direct ly correspond to single NAICS code. Sometimes several partial NAICS empl oyment values will relate to a SIC code. A crosswalk was used to determine what per centage of a NAICS employment value would correspond to the SIC codes. The tables from the US Census showing the NAICS-SIC crosswalk are reproduced in Section 6 – Add itional Data. It should be noted that the crosswalk is based on
national totals and is no t specific to any particul ar state. In Section 6.2, the employment fraction
of the NAICS codes used to create the SI C code employment data is tabulated.

The employment numbers were obtained from th e on-line 2002 County Business Patterns for the
various NAICS codes at the count y level for North Carolina. In addition to having employment values (or employment ranges due to confiden tiality rules) by NAICS, the County Business
Patterns breaks down the number of facilities by employment cat egories. The employment categories are 1 – 4, 5 – 9, 10 – 19, 20 – 49, 50 – 99, 100 – 249, 250 – 499, 500 – 999, >1000 employees. To account for point sources, it was assumed that facilities with 100 employees or greater were point sources and were not considered in the calculations.

When a NAICS category gave a number of employees and there were no establishments with 100 employees or greater, then the value was use d. However, in most cases the County Business Patterns gave a range of total em ployees in the county instead of the actual number. When this occurred, facility sizes were considered a nd the mid-range of employees was assumed, in accordance with the EIIP Tech. Report . For example, a NAICS category for a county had a range of employment of 100-249 with two establis hments with 1 – 4 employees, one with 20-49 employees, and one with 100-249 employees. Assumi ng 3 to be the mid-range of 1 –4 and 35 to be the mid-range of 20-49, the employment used for the area source calculation was estimated

as:

(2 x 3) + (1 x 35) = 41 employees

The larger establishment was assumed to be a poi nt source and not taken into consideration for
the area source calculation.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 4 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 4 If a total number of employees was provided a nd there were establishments with 100 employees or greater, then the mid-range of the smaller facilities were used as described above. The estimated employment was compared to the valu e given to ensure that remainder would account for the large establishment. In cases where the remainder would not be enough employment to account for the larger establishment, the ar ea source employment was adjusted down. For example, a NAICS category had 250 employees with one establishment with 20 – 49 employees (mid-range 35), two establishments with 50 – 99 employees (mid-range 75), and one establishment with 100 – 249 employees. The empl oyment estimated for the area source and the remainder employment was estimated as:

(1 x 35) + (2 x 75) = 185 employees 250 – 185 = 65 employees

The remainder of 65 employees is not enough to account for an establishment of 100 – 249 employees. Therefore, the area source employment was adjusted down by 35 so that there were 100 employees remaining to account for the large establishment.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 5 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 5 

### 3. NORTH CAROLINA-DEVELOPE D 2002 AREA SOURCE INVENTORY

Area sources represent a collection of many small, unidentified points of air pollution emissions within a specified geographical area, emitting less than the minimum level prescribed for point
sources. Because these sources are too sma ll and/or too numerous to be surveyed and characterized individually, all ar ea source activities are collectively estimated. The county is the geographic area for which emissions from area s ources are compiled, primarily because counties are the smallest areas for which data used for estimating emissions is readily available.
Emissions are calculated on an annual basis in tons per year.

3.1 GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION

The area source emissions attributed to this ca tegory are associated with various operations related to gasoline and aircraft fuel handling a nd distribution. Since tank farms and bulk plants are specifically addressed in the point source i nventory, the area source category is limited to fuel handling, storage, and distri bution operations associated with the service stations and in the refueling of aircrafts.

3.1.1 Gasoline Dispensing Facilities
Since service stations are so numerous, they are collectively considered as an area source. The
area source emissions that are derived for this subsection involve determining the estimated
emissions that occur at each of the following operations: 1) lo sses during storage tank filling, 2) storage tank breathing and working losses, 3) spillage and 4) truck transit losses. The emissions from vehicle refueling are captured in the mobile source inventory in the emission factors produced by the USEPA’s MOBILE6.2 model and therefore are not estimated as part of the area source inventory.

As part of the air toxics program , Stage I controls for gasoline di spensing facilities were adopted by the State, effective May 1990 with final comp liance by January 1, 1994. Stage I is the vapor recovery technology on the underground storage tanks and reduces the emissions during the tank filling operations at service stations.

The North Carolina Department of Agriculture, St andards Division is responsible for going to all gasoline dispensing facilities and testing the fuels to ensure that they meet the quality standards of the State. The NCDAQ has worked out an agreement with the Standards Division to also check for Stage I controls. A notice is sent to the NCDAQ for every facility checked by the Standards Division verifying if a facility has properly maintained control equipment. If a facility is not found to be properly main taining the control equipment, then the NCDAQ sends a noticeArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 6 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 6 of violation informing the facility that the cont rols are required and give s the facility time to
correct the violation before fine s are assessed. From this information the rule effectiveness and rule penetration can be estimated. The rule eff ectiveness is the percentage of facilities with proper equipment maintenance and use and represents the actual degree of source compliance. Rule penetration is the percentage of facilitie s covered by the rule a nd thus require Stage I equipment. Control efficiency is the expected percent reduction from prope r application of this control technology.

The volatile organic compound (VOC) emission f actor for underground storage tank filling was calculated by using an equation from AP-42 , in Section 5.2, Transportation And Marketing Of Petroleum Liquids on page 5.2-4 (equation).

EF = 12.46 [SPM ] x [1-(RE x CE x RP)] [ T ]

where EF = emission factor in pounds of VOC per 1000 gallons S = Saturation factor P = True vapor pressure (i n pounds per square inch area) M = Molecular weight of vapors (lb/lb-mole) T = Temperature of bulk liquid ( o Rankin) RE = Rule Effectiveness CE = Control Efficiency RP = Rule Penetration

The saturation factor was obtained from AP-42 , Table 5.2-1 and the true vapor pressure and molecular weight of vapors were obtained from AP-42 , Table 7.1-2. For the temperature an average of the June, July and August average monthly temperature for 2002 was used. A worst case temperature estimate was used year r ound in calculating annual emissions. These temperatures were obtained from the North Caro lina Climatological Data , a publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. All of the f actors used to calculate the emission factor for Stage I, i.e. balanced submerged filling, are listed in Table 3.1.1-1.

Table 3.1.1-1 Factors Used For Calculating Emission Factor

S P M T

1 6.49 67 537.6 o R (77.6 o F)

EF = 12.46 ⎡ 1 x 6.49 x 67 ⎤ x [1 – ( .97 x .95 x .99)] ⎣ 537.6 ⎦ = 0.884 lb VOC/1000 gal. GasolineArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 7 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 7 The emission factors for tank truck transit, breath ing losses and spillage were obtained from the EIIP Tech Report , Chapter 11 Gasoline Marketing, Table 11.3-1 and are listed below in
Table 3.1.1-2. The tank truck trans it emission factor includes the emission rate for an empty tank plus a full tank and was adjusted by a fact or of 1.25 as recommended by the EIIP Tech Report , pg. 11.5-3.

Table 3.1.1-2 Emission Factor s For Gasoline Dispensing Underground Storage Tank Filling Tank Truck Transit Breathing Losses Spillage

0.884 lb/1000gal 0.000075 lb/gal 0.001 lb/gal 0.00068 lb/gal

The activity data needed to calcu late the emissions is number of gallons of fuel sold in each county per year. This was obtained from a repor t from the North Carolin a Petroleum Marketers Association. A weighting factor was devi sed by producing the su m of county population (1000’s), county registered vehicles (1000’s), and county moto r fuel outlets. The factors were summed for the 100 counties and a fractional part of the whole found for each county. This fraction was multiplied by the state total gallons of gasoline and diesel sold in 2002 to get an estimate of gallons of fuel per county.

According to the EIIP Tech Report, the activity days per week fo r truck transit and underground storage tank filling are 6 and 7 days per week and for spillage and breathing losses, respectively.

Note that diesel fuel used is combined with gasoline for the sake of simplification. This will
result in some overestimation of VOC emissions because the volatility of gasoline is higher than
diesel fuel.

Annual VOC emissions for underground storage tank filling, tank truck tran sit, breathing losses and spillage were calculated a nd SMOKE modeling was later used to allocate annual emissions to a daily level. Underg round storage tank annual VOC emissions for each county were calculated using the following equation.

EM = FC x (1/1000) x EF x (1 ton/2000 lbs.)

where EM = annual county VOC emissions in tons per year FC = county fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel in gallons EF = emission factor in pounds of VOC per 1000 gallonsArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 8 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 8 Tank truck transit, breathing losses, and spilla ge annual VOC emissions for each county were calculated individually, us ing the following equation.

EM = FC x EF x (1 ton/2000 lbs.)

where EM = annual county VOC emissions in tons per year for tank truck transit, breathing losses, or spillage FC = county fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel in gallons EF = emission factor in pounds of VOC pe r gallon for tank truck transit, breathing losses, or spillage

3.1.2 Aircraft Refueling
Like vehicle refueling, aircraft refueling results in VOC emissions from displacement of the vapor laden air in the aircraft’s fuel tank. This source category is generally estimated only for large commercial airports. There are a few sma ll commuter and general av iation airports in the State; however, the amount of the emissi ons from these are t ypically negligible.

The emissions from aircraft refueling were dete rmined by using the number of gallons of fuel supplied to the airports and multiplying it by th e appropriate emission factor. The businesses that supply the fuel to the airports were cont acted to determine the amount and type of fuel supplied to each airport during 2002. The info rmation obtained was for the two fuel types supplied, Jet A Kerosene and Aviation Gasoline.

The emission factors used are 11.38 lb VOC/100 0 gallons of aviation gasoline and 0.065 lb VOC/1000 gallons of Jet A kerosene . Airport refueling occurs on a daily basis, therefore the activity days per week are 7.

The annual emissions for the base year were calculated using equation 3.1.2-1.

EM = Gallons/year x EF i _ (2000 lbs/ton) 3.1.2-1

where EM i = emissions for source category (i) EF i = emission factor for source category (i)Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 9 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 9 3.2 STATIONARY SOURCE SOLVENT EVAPORATION

There are eleven subcategories th at involve stationary source solvent evaporative emissions. They include: dry cleaning, gra phic arts, solvent clean ing, automotive refinishing, architectural coatings, traffic markings, i ndustrial surface coating, asphalt paving, roofing operations, pesticide application, and consum er/commercial solvent use. Th e methodology used to calculate
the emissions from these sources are desc ribed in detail in each subsection.

3.2.1 Dry Cleaning
The VOC emissions from dry cleaning vary with th e type of process and the solvent used. For the most part, dry cleaners (coin-operated a nd conventional commerci al) are small business entities. As a result of their size, dry cleani ng emissions are typically not captured as point sources. However, dry cleaning operations can be a significant emission source for VOC emissions, when take n collectively.

The emissions from dry cleaners are estimated by multiplying the number of employees at dry cleaners by a national per-employee emission fact or, 1800 lbs. of VOC/employee/year, found in the EIIP Tech. Report . The guidance also stated that th e number of employees can be found in the County Business Patterns for SIC code 7215 (coin-operated) and 7216 (commercial). In 1997, the SIC code system was replaced with the NAICS. Thus, the number of employees was obtained for NAICS codes 812310 (coin-operate d) and 812320 (commercial). The NAICS employment numbers were previously processe d to exclude any facili ties with 100 or more employees, which were deemed to be point sour ces. According to the SIC to NAICS crosswalk, 80% of employment for NAICS 812320 represents the number of employees for commercial dry cleaners (SIC 7216).

As reported in the EIIP Tech. Report , the activity days per week is 6 days. The annual emissions for 2002 were calculated using equation 3.2.1-1.

EM = Employees x EF (2000 lb/tons) 3.2.1-1

where EM = emissions for source category tons/year EF = emission factor for sour ce category, 1800 lbs VOC/employee/yrArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 10 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 10 3.2.2 Graphic Arts/Printing
Graphic arts include operations that are involved in printing of newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed materials, which can be di vided into several subsets based upon printing technology. Over the last decade ink-jet and offs et lithography have emerged as the dominant technologies. The use of oils as ink solven ts and the reduction of alcohols in the fountain solution and in the cleanup solutions have resulted in notable reductions in emissions for offset lithography. Ink-jet printi ng results in essentiall y no VOC emissions.

A number of establishments that generate emissi ons in this source categor y are in-house graphic arts operations at plants that ar e in non-printing industr ies. Therefore, an employee per SIC code emission factor is not very reliable. The per- capita emission factor of 1.3 lbs VOC/person/year provided by the EIIP Tech. Report was used to calculate the VOC emissions. This emission
factor estimates the emissions from facilities less than 100 t ons VOC/year. It assumes that facilities greater than 100 tons VOC/year will be in the point source in ventory. The population used to calculate the base year emissions was obtained from the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management (OSBM).

According to the Procedures document, Table 5.8-1, the activity days per week is 5. The annual emissions for the base year were calculated using equation 3.2.2-1.

EM = ((EF)*(Population 2002 )*(1 ton/2000 lb)) 3.2.2-1

where EM = emissions for source cate gory for county (a) ton/yr EF = emission factor for source category, 1.3 lbs VOC/person/yr

3.2.3 Solvent Cleaning and Degreasing
Solvent cleaning operations are in tegral to many businesses and i ndustries, and are conducted for the purpose of removing grease, oils, waxes, carb on deposits, etc. from metals, plastic, or glass surfaces. Solvent cleaning is usually performed prior to painting, plat ing, inspection, repair, assembly, etc. The solvents used in the cleani ng operations can be either in a liquid or vapor phase. Generally, these solvents have high vapor pressures and therefore emit VOC emissions.

There are two basic types of so lvent cleaning techniques, cold cleaning and vapor cleaning. Cold cleaning machines use solvents in the liqui d phase to clean and remove foreign material such as oils and grease from the surface of ma terials. These machines are batch loaded, andArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 11 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 11 cleaning operations include spraying/flushing solv ent or parts agitation, wipe cleaning, brushing,
and immersion.

The vapor cleaning technique can be further divided into open top degreasing and in-line cleaning. The open top degreasing machines are ta nks designed to generate and contain solvent vapor. The tank is equipped with a heating system that boils the liquid solvent. As the solvent boils, dense solvent vapors rise and displace the air in the ta nk. Coolant is circulated in condensing coils on the top of the tank to crea te a controlled vapor zone within the tank. Condensing solvent vapors dissolve the contaminants on the surface of the workload and flush
both the dissolved and undissolved c ontaminants from the workload.

In-line cleaning machines employ automated load ing on a continuous basis. These machines are often custom made for large-scale operations. A continuous or multiple-batch loading system greatly reduces or even eliminates the manual pa rts handling associated w ith batch cleaning. Inline cleaning machines are enclosed to prevent solvent losses; however, entry and exit openings
cannot be sealed.

The VOC emissions for this category are estimat ed by using the per employee factors (from the EIIP Tech. Report , Chapter 6, Table 6.5-2) listed in Table 3.2.3-1 below:

Table 3.2.3-1 Emission Factors Cleaning & Degreasing Source Category lb VOC/employee/yr Electronic and Other Elec: Open Top Degreasing 29 Miscellaneous Manufacturing: Open Top Degreasing 9.8
Miscellaneous Manufactur ing: Cold Cleaning 24 Auto Repair Services: Cold Cleaning 270

Employment data was derived from the 2002 C ounty Business Patterns provided by the U. S. Census Bureau. For each of these categories, em ployment in a number of SIC groups is needed. These employment numbers were generated fr om the NAICS employment numbers for each county and summed as needed. See SIC Code s from NAICS Codes for Employment Based Categories in Section 6 for the full listing of NAICS and SIC for each source category. Fractional employee numbers are a result of the NAICS to SIC conversion process.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 12 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 12 The annual emissions for the base year were calculated using equation 3.2.3-1.

EM = (Employment 2002 ) x EF (2000 lb/tons) 3.2.3-1

where EM = emissions for source category, tons per year EF = emission factor for source category

3.2.4 Auto Body Refinishing
Auto body refinishing operations consist of: ve hicle preparation, primer application, topcoat application, and spray equipment cleaning. Th ese operations result in significant VOC emissions. The solvent is typically 100% vol atile and can constitute up to 6.5 pounds of VOC per gallon of cleaner or paint.

The EIIP methodology for estimating emissions from this source category recommends apportioning a national VOC emission estimate to the county level by the number of employees reported for NAISC code 811121. The national es timate of 79,429.59 tons of VOC per year was
based on 1997 data. In order to estimate the emissions for 2002, the 199 7 national VOC estimate provided by the EIIP Tech. Report was divided by the 1997 national employment data to create a per employee emission factor.

This emission factor was used with the 2002 employment data to estimate emissions from auto body refinishing. The employment data was obtai ned from the 2002 County Business Patterns.

According to the EIIP Tech. Report the activity days per week is 5 days. The annual emissions for 2002 were calculated using equation 3.2.4-1.

EM = Employees x EF 3.2.4-1

where EM = emissions for source category EF = emission factor for source cat egory, 0.387 tons VOC/employee/yr

3.2.5 Architectural Coatings
This category includes the appli cation of paint, primer, varnis h or lacquer to architectural surfaces, and the use of solvents as thinners and for cleanup.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 13 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 13 The VOC emissions for this source category we re estimated by multiplying county population data by a usage factor for either water or solvent ba sed coatings, and an emissions factor for either water or solvent based coatings. This met hod entails gathering nation al architectural paint usage from the U.S. Census industrial report MA325F and generating per capita usage factors. It is important to be able to differentiate betw een the water based usage from the solvent based usage since the emission factor for solvent based paints is over 5 tim es higher than the factor for water based paints.

Emission Factors: Water base d = 0.74 lb VOC/gallon; Solvent Based= 3.87 lb VOC/gallon

The annual emissions for 2002 were calculated using equation 3.2.5-1.

VOC a = (POP a *UF b *EF b )/(2000lbs/ton) -- ton/year 3.2.5-1

where VOC a = VOC emissions for county (a) POP a = population for county (a) EF b = emission factor for paint type (b) UF b = usage factor for paint type (b)

The usage factor is found by divi ding the national total architectu ral surface coat ing quantities for either solvent or water-based coatings by the U.S. population for that year. For 2002, the usage factor for each paint type is estimated below:

UF solvent: (127,703,000 gallons of solven t based) / (287,973,924) = 0.443 gal/person UF water : (589,527,000 gallons of wate r based) / (287,973,924) = 2.047 gal/person

3.2.6 Traffic Markings
The paint used in traffic markings operations (t he painting of center lines , shoulders, etc.) emits VOC emissions during the drying process. The exte nt of emissions is largely a function of the paint being solvent or water based. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) utilizes three general ty pes of paint, which can be classifi ed as water based paint, epoxy paint containing organic solvents, and th ermoplastic paint. The use of thermoplastic paint results in negligible VOC emissions and therefore is not included in the em issions inventory.

Although the NCDOT utilizes both water and solvent based paints , there is uncertainty with respect to what percentage of the paint used is organic solvent based. To avoid under estimating the emissions from this source category, it is assumed that all paint, excluding thermoplastic, is organic solvent based.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 14 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 14 The NCDOT reported that 854,215 gallons of paint we re used statewide in 2002. The gallons of paint by county were apportioned by number of la ne miles in the county divided by the state total (equation 3.2.6-1) and the estimated gallons used. The emission factors were obtained from the EIIP Tech. Report , Table-14.4-1 and Table-14.5-2, which gave emission factors as a function of gallons of paint (3.64 lb VOC/gal.).

Gallons Paint County = (Gallons Paint State ) x (# Lane Miles) County 3.2.6-1 (# Lane Miles) State

The annual emissions for 2002 were calculated using equation 3.2.6-2.

EM = Gallons Paint x EF 3.2.6-2 (2000 lb/ton)

where EM = emissions for source category EF = emission factor for source category

3.2.7 Industrial Surface Coating
Surface coating operations involve applying a thin layer of coati ng (e.g. paint, lacquer, enamel, varnish, etc.) to the surface of an object for decorative or pr otective purposes. The coating products, which are solvent based, emit VOC emissi ons as the result of solvent evaporation during the drying or curing process.

Ideally, the VOC emissions from industrial surface coating activities should be captured as point sources. From a practical standpoint, this is no t always accomplished. For example, three of the industrial surface coating subcategories, name ly other product coatings, high-performance maintenance, and other special purpose coatings , only utilized per capita emission factors and
have no NAICS associated with them. The em ission factors, obtaine d from the EIIP Tech. Report , Table 8.5-2, for these surface coating subcategories are liste d in the Table 3.2.7-1 below.

Table 3.2.7-1 Per Capita Emission Fa ctors For Industrial Surface Coating

Subcategory Per Capita Factor (lb/yr/person) Other product coatings High-performance maintenance Other special purpose coatings 0.6 0.8 0.8Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 15 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 15 The emissions for the remaining industrial surface coating subcategories were estimated using per employee emission factors. These emission factors were obtained from the EIIP Tech. Report , Table 8.5-1 and are list ed below in Table 3.2.7-2.

Table 3.2.7-2 Per Employee Emission Fa ctors for Industrial Surface Coating

Subcategory Per Employee Factor (lb VOC/employee/yr) Furniture & Fixtures 944 Metal Containers 6,029 Automobile (new) 794 Machinery & Equipment 77 Appliances 463 Other Transportation Equipment 35 Sheet, strip & Coil 2,877 Factory Finished Wood 131 Electrical Insulation 290 Marine Coatings 308

The EIIP Tech. Report also listed SIC codes for these industrial surface coating subcategories. As stated earlier, the SIC codes were replaced in 1997 with NAICS. The employment data was estimated using the method previously outlined in Subsection 3.2.1.

According to the EIIP Tech. Report the activity days per week is 5 days. The annual emissions for population and employment based emission f actors were calculated using equations 3.2.7-1 and 3.2.7-2, respectively.

EM = Population x EF 3.2.7-1 (2000 lb/ton)

EM = Employees x EF 3.2.7-2 (2000 lb/ton)

where EM = emissions for source category EF = emission factor for source category

3.2.8 Asphalt Paving
Two types of asphalt paving are used for road pa ving and repair; emulsified asphalt and cutback asphalt. Emulsified asphalt is a type of liquefied road surfacing material made from a blend ofArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 16 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 16 water with an emulsifier. Cutback asphalt is a ty pe of liquefied road surface that is prepared by blending or "cutting back" asphalt cement with various kinds of petroleum distillates. VOC emissions occur as the asphalt cures.

Cutback asphalt emissions are included in the as phalt paving category. Since the assembly of the final 2002 inventory, it was found that the NCDO T specification for asphalt in 2002 was hot mix and emulsified asphalt with hot mix but not cutb ack asphalt. Surrounding states have precluded the use of cut back by statutory provisions; whic h has driven asphalt manuf actures to discontinue cutback production throughout the region. The absence of the use of cutback has resulted in substantial reductions in emissions from aspha lt paving operations in North Carolina. Although cutback asphalt emissions are included in the 2002 inventory, the 93.04 t ons of VOC per year represents a relatively small amount and does not significantly affect the accuracy of the inventory.

Hot-mix is composed of high molecular weight organics with minimal vapor pressures; consequently, VOC emissions are negligible. Th e use of emulsified as phalt does result in VOC emissions; but the emissions are significantly less th an cutback. New formulations of emulsified asphalt, such as cationic, continue to result in reduced emissions. The use of emulsified asphalt is primarily for tack coating, which is a surface preparation for the hot-mix layer. The tonnage of hot-mix asphalt is accounted for by the NCDOT districts and not on a c ounty basis. District tonnage was allocated on a county basis by apporti oning county paved mileage as reported in the NCDOT 2000 Highway Summary Report. However, the amount of emulsified asphalt used is not tracked by the NCDOT in any useable way. As a consequence, the NCDOT provided the following methodology to pred ict emulsified usage:

Square yard of hot-mix = (tons of hot-mix) x (2000 lbs./ton) 3.2.8-1 (220 lbs/ square yard of hot-mix)

Gallons of emulsified asphalt = (sq. yard. of hot-mix) x (0.08 gal./sq. yard. of hot-mix) 3.2.8-2

The VOC emissions were calculat ed using the emissions factor for emulsified asphalt (9.2 lb VOC/barrel) and the number of gallons of emulsi fied asphalt per barrel (42 gal./barrel) from Table 17.5-2 of the EIIP Tech. Report

.

The annual emissions for the base year were calculated using equation 3.2.8-3.

EM = (gallons emulsified asphalt) x EF (42 gal/barrel) x (2000 lb/tons) 3.2.8-3Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 17 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 17 where EM = emissions for source category EF = emission factor for source category

3.2.9 Roofing Operations
This category covers the installation and repair of asphalt roofs on commercial and industrial buildings. This category include s only hot-applied asphalt roofing, for which the only significant
emissions source is the kettle used to heat the asphalt. The am ount of asphalt roofing activity is estimated by summing the number of felt, cap, and flashing squares used in North Carolina during the year 2002. This information wa s ascertained from the Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Association. The amount of aspha lt used is given by the equation 3.2.9-1, which uses the default value of 20 lbs. of aspha lt / square found in the EIIP Tech. Report . The emissions by county, shown in equation 3.2.9-2, we re apportioned by roofing establishments in the county divided by the state to tal, using the number of esta blishments from NAISC code 23561 from the 2000 County Business Patterns. The 2000 County Business Patterns was the
latest available data at the tim e of the inventory development.

Asphalt (ton/yr) = (# squares) x (20 lbs of asphalt/square) 3.2.9-1 (2000 lbs/ton)

Asphalt County = (tons asphalt State ) x (# roofing establishments) County 3.2.9-2 (# roofing establishments) State

Asphalt roofing activities are assumed to have un iform operations throughout the year with a 5- day work week per the EIIP Tech. Report . Additionally, the EIIP Tech. Report reported the
emissions factor as 6.2 lbs. VOC/ton asphalt for roofing operations.

The annual emissions for the base year inve ntory were calculated using equation 3.2.9-3.

EM = (tons asphalt) x EF (2000 lb/tons) 3.2.9-3

where EM = emissions for source category EF = emission factor for source category

3.2.10 Pesticide Application
Pesticides broadly include any substance used to kill or retard the growth of insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or microorganisms. Formulations of organic pesticides are commonly made byArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 18 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 18 combining synthetic materials with various petr oleum products. The petroleum products, or inert ingredients, act as a carrier of the active component and usuall y evaporate into the atmosphere.

Agricultural Pesticides

Agricultural pesticides are a pplied in various manners, which directly affect the possible emissions associated with the application, regard less of the amount of solvent contained in the pesticide. There are basically three types of pe sticide/herbicide application methods. One is the "incorporated" type, in which th e product is applied and immediatel y incorporated into the soil. It is expected that little if any evaporation of solvent o ccur in this type of application. The next type, "pre-emergence", is where the product is put on the ground immediat ely after the crop is planted. This provides a protectiv e layer. Some evaporation of solvent would be expected with this type of application. The largest emissions would occur from "over the top" application of pesticides. These pesticides are sprayed directly on the foliage to kill weeds or insects. This application would provide an opportunity for a great deal of solv ent to evaporate.

The overall pesticide usage associated with ag ricultural crop production continues to slowly decrease in North Carolina driven by conservativ e pest management practices and the cost of pesticides as reported by the Nort h Carolina Cooperative Extension office. The large majority of pesticide usage is confined to the production of tobacco and cotton crops. Because of the small crop size and high cash value, significant t obacco acreage is found in North Carolina.

The planted crop acreage from the North Carolina Agricultural Statistic Division and crop profile reports prepared by the North Carolina Cooperati ve Extension office, and other university extension services, for the US De partment of Agriculture Pest Ma nagement Center were used to estimate agricultural pesticide usage. Crop acreage from the North Carolina Agricultural Statistic Division was obtained from http: //www.ncagr.com/stats/. Crop profile reports conducted by NCSU are based on surveys; where pa rticipation is reported to be as high as 90 percent for the more important cash crops. Crop profile reports for grains and soybeans do not exist for North Carolina, therefore data for thes e crops were obtained from other state profiles and from discussions with representatives of th e North Carolina Cooperative Extension office.

The individual crop profiles outline the current agri cultural pesticide practices, i.e. the pesticide agents (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides), th e percentage of acres treated, and the pounds of active ingredient pesticide applied per acre. The crop profiles often reports the application of the active ingredient (pounds of active ingredient per acre) as a ra nge of values. For the worst case scenario, the highest reported va lue was used. The number of app lications of a single pesticideArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 19 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 19 was usually one per year for all pesticides. The few exceptions to one application are more than accounted for by the conservative practice of usi ng the highest value of application rate.

The pounds of active ingredients for each crop were calculated by using equation 3.2.10-1 and an example calculation for soybeans follows. Table 3.2.10-1 presents the pestic ides associated with a particular crop, the % of treated acres, and the lbs. of active pesticide ingredient per year.

(lbs AI/acre) CROP = ∑ (% acres treated) x (lb AI/acre) PESTICIDE 3.2.10-1

where AI = active ingredient.

For soybeans, the pounds of activ e ingredients for the crop is:

Pesticide % Acres Treated lb AI/acre Paraquat 20 0.47 Glyphosate 10 4 Sulfusate 5 4 Carbaryl 10 1.5

(lbs AI/acre) SOYBEAN = (0.20 x 0.47) + (0.10 x 4) + (0.05 x 4) + (0.10 x 1.5) = 0.844 lbs. AI/acre for soybeansArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 20 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 20 Table 3.2.10-1 Agriculture Pesticides Application Rates

Crop/Agent % Acres Treated lbs. active ingredient/Acre Crop/Agent % Acres Treated lbs. active ingredient/Acre Soybeans Corn Silage Paraquat 20 0.47 Terbufos 35 1 Glyphosate 10 4 Chloropyrifus 10 1
Sulfusate 5 4 Phorate 10 1 Carbaryl 10 1.5 Ethoprop 5 1
Cotton Carbofuran 5 1
Tribufos 100 0.75 M Parathion 50 0.75
Aldicarb 91 0.75 Thiocarb 90 0.6 Prourgite 0.45 0.73 Methomyl 50 0.45
Dicofol 0.55 1.6 Corn Grain Dicrotophos 0.45 0.2 Terbufos 35 1 Acephate 2.1 0.5 Chloropyrifus 10 1
M-Parathion 1 0.5 Phorate 10 1 L-cyhalothrin 99 0.145 Ethoprop 5 1
Thiocarb 40 0.75 Carbofuran 5 1
Aldicarb 50 0.725 M Parathion 50 0.75
Tobacco Thiocarb 90 0.6 Acephate 70 1.5 Methomyl 50 0.45 Spinosad 13 0.05 Oats Methomyl 11 0.45 M Parathion 5 0.5
Endosulfan 7 1 Wheat Imidacoloprid 62 0.03 M Parathion 5 0.5 Chloropicrin 41 79.8 Sweet Potatoes Dichloropropene 35 89.5 Napropamide 50 1.5
Clomazone 75 1 Clomazone 25 0.87 Metalaxyl 49 0.76 Fluazifop 20 0.17 Barley Carbaryl 25 0.67
M Parathion 0.8 0.5 Peanuts
Irish Potatoes Chlorpyrifus 60 1
Phorate 3 40 1.20 Disulfoton 90 0.75 Glyphosate 6 5 Esfenvalerate 25 0.03
Metolachor 8 2 Folicur 1 51 0.51
Metribuzin 55 0.5 Vernolate 45 2.5 Sorghum Dichloropropene 0.16 80 MethyParathion 1 0.75 Chlorpyrifus 1 1 Carbaryl 1 2Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 21 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 21 The emission factors for each crop were calculated utilizing information from the EIIP Tech. Report , p 9.5-4, which relates active ingredients to VOC emissions. According to the EIIP Tech. Report , for every pound of active ingredient there are 2.45 pounds of VOC, of this 90% is evaporated. The emission factors for each crop we re calculated using Equation 3.2.10-2, with an example calculation for soybean following.

EF CROP = (lb AI CROP /acre) x (2.45 lb VOC/l b. of AI) x (0.90) 3.2.10-2

where EF CROP = emission factor in lbs VOC/ active ingredient for each crop AI CROP = active ingredient for each crop

For soybeans the emission factor is: lbs. AI/acre for soybean = 0.844 lbs. AI/acre

EF SOYBEAN = (0.844 lb active ingredient/acre) x (2.45 lb VOC/active ingredient) x (0.90) = 1.861 lbs. VOC/acre

An exception to the above calculation was for the usage of the pesticides: chloropicrin and 1,3 dichloropropene. These fumiga nts are widely used for treati ng tobacco beds for nematodes and constitute a major portion of the pesticide in ventory. They have a moderate vapor pressure of 18.3 and 34 millimeters of mercury (at 77 ° F), respectively, and their formulation is approximately 96% to 98% of th e active ingredient. In light of these properties, the VOC emissions are assumed to be equal to the a pplication per acre, wh ich are 79 pounds/acre for chloropicrin and 89.5 pounds/acre for 1,3 dichlo ropropene. Table 3.2.10-2 list the pounds of active ingredients per acre and the calc ulated emission factor for each crop.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 22 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 22 Table 3.2.10-2 Emission Fa ctors by Crop Type

Crop Lbs. Active Ingredients/acre Lbs. VOC/Acre
Soybeans 0.844 1.861
Cotton 2.267 4.999 Barley 0.004 0.009 Corn – Silage 1.79 3.947
Corn – Grain 1.79 3.947
Wheat 0.025 0.055
Oats 0.025 0.055
Sweet Potato 1.169 2.578
Tobacco - Non-fumigant 2.317 5.109 - Fumigant 64.043 64.043
Total Tobacco 69.152
Peanuts - Non-fumigant 2.9175 6.433 - Fumigant 0.128 0.282
Total Peanuts 6.715
Irish Potatoes 1.9350 4.267 Sorghum 0.0375 0.083

The annual emissions for 2002 were calculated using equation 3.2.10-3.

EM a = ( ∑ (CROP) a x EF CROP ) (2000 lb/tons) 3.2.10-3

where EM a = emissions for source category in county (a) CROP = acres of specific crop in county (a) EF CROP = emission factor for specific crop

Nonagricultural Pesticide

Nonagricultural pesticide applicat ion is considered as part of the commercial/consumer solvent use emissions and no longer is a separate subc ategory. Please refer to the next section.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 23 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 23 3.2.11 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use
This category includes only non-industrial solven ts that are used in commercial or consumer applications. The solvent containing products co nsist of a diverse group ing, e.g. personal care products, household products, automotive aftermarket products , adhesives and sealants, pesticides, some coatings, and other commercia l and consumer products that may emit VOC
emissions.

There are seven categories. They are named and their emission factors listed in Table 3.2.11-1
below.

Table 3.2.11-1 Misc. Non-Industrial Co nsumer-Commercial Em ission Factors Subcategory lb VOC/yr/person. All Coatings and Related Products 0.95
All FIFRA Related Products 1.78 Miscellaneous Products (Not Otherwise Covered) 0.07

Personal Care Products 2.32
Household Products 0.079
Automotive Aftermarket Products 1.36
Adhesives and Sealants 0.57

VOC emissions for this category is estimated by using nationally based per capita emissions factors. The county population values are used to estimate the emissions from this source category.

According to the EIIP Tech. Report , emissions from this source category occur 365 days per year. The annual emissions for the base year inventory were calcula ted using equation 3.2.11-1.

EM = (Population 2002 ) x EF (2000 lb/tons) 3.2.11-1

where EM = emissions for source category, tons per year EF = emission factor for source categoryArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 24 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 24 3.3 BIOPROCESS EMISSION SOURCES

Bioprocess emission sources include those sour ces whose emissions result from biological processes (e.g., fermentations). Source categor ies include bakeries, br eweries, wineries and
distilleries.

3.3.1 Bakeries
Ethanol, a VOC, is a by-product of fermentati on of bread dough. The ethanol emissions from large commercial bakeries are accounted for as point sources; however, ethanol emissions occur from grocery store bakery departments and sma ll business bakeries not accounted for under the point source inventory.

The EIIP Tech. Report prescribes accounting for these emissions by the use of a per capita consumption factor of 70 pounds of bread per pe rson per year and an emission factor of 0.5 pounds of VOC per 1000 pounds of baked bread. The county populations obtained from the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Manage ment were used to estimate the emissions from this source category.

According to the EIIP Tech. Report , emissions from this source category occur 365 days per year. The annual emissions for the base year inventory were calcula ted using equation 3.3.1-1.

EM = (Population) b x CF x EF (2000 lb/tons) 3.3.1-1

where EM = emissions for source category Population b = Population in base year CF = Consumption factor , 70 lb bread/person/year EF = emission factor for source categ ory, 0.5 lb VOC/1000 lb bread baked

3.4 OTHER MAN MADE AREA SOURCES

Other man made area sources include forest fi res, slash burning a nd prescribed burning, agricultural burning, st ructure fires, and orchard heaters. The methodology used to calculate the
emissions from these sources are descri bed in detail in each subsection.

3.4.1 Structure Fires
Burning fires can produce short term emissions of organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The U.S. Fire Administration (USFA ) of the Department of Homeland SecurityArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 25 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 25 maintains statistics on the number of fires per county. The numb er of fires per county for 2002 was derived from 2001 and 2002 population statistics and 2001 USFA fire statistics. The USFA
fire statistics were obtained fr om the USFA website at http:/ /www.usfa.fema.gov/safety/. As 2002 fire statistics were not available, a fires per person factor for 2001 was calculated and found to be equal to 0.00184 fires/person. The 2001 count y population values were obtained from the North Carolina State Demographi cs website at http://demog.sta te.nc.us/. The 2001 population
values were the latest data av ailable at the time of the invent ory development. The 0.00184 fires per person was applied to the 2002 population for each county to determine the number of fires in each county for 2002.

The emission factors and fuel loading factor s were obtained from the EIIP Tech. Report

, Table 18.4-1 and Table 18.4-2, respectively. The emission factors are 11 pounds of VOC per ton burned, and 1.4 pounds of NOx per ton burned. The loading factor is 1.15 tons of material burned per structural fire.

According to the EIIP Tech. Report , emissions from this source category occur 365 days per

year.

The annual emissions for the base year 2002 inve ntory were calculated using Equation 3.4.1-1.

EM P = (2002 County population) x (FPP) x (CF) x (EF P ) (2000 lb/tons) 3.4.1-1

where EM P = emissions for structure fires for pollutant (P) FPP = fires per person in 2001, 0.00184 fires/person CF = Conversion factor, 1.15 tons burned/structure fire EF P = emission factor for pollutant (P)

3.4.2 Charbroiling
The commercial charbroiling of ground beef emits VOC emissions. According to the methodology in the EIIP Tech. Report , county Health Departments s hould be able to provide the
number of restaurants in a count y as well as the percentage of those restaurants that charbroil meat. The NCDAQ was able to as certain the number of restaura nts in each county in 2002 from
the North Carolina Division of Environmental Se rvices, Inspection, Statistics, and Fee Branch. To determine the percentage of charbroiling re staurants, the county Health Departments of several counties were surveyed.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 26 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 26 According to the EIIP Tech. Report , the average throughput of meat per restaurant with a charbroiler is 1160 pounds per week and the em issions factor is 3.94 pounds of VOC per 1000 pounds of meat. Emissions from this s ource category occur 365 days per year.

The annual emissions for the base year inve ntory were calculated using Equations 3.4.2-1.

EM a = (# restaurants) x (% charbroiling) x (CF) x (EF) (2000 lb/tons) x (1 yr/52 wks) 3.4.2-1

where EM a = emissions for source categor y in county (a), tons/yr CF = conversion factor, 1160 lb meat charbroiled/week EF = emission factor, lbs. pollut ant/1000 lb meat charbroiled

3.4.3 Open Burning – Municipal Solid Waste and Yard Trimmings

This Subsection describes the combined emission inventory methodology for source classification code (SCC) 2610030000 Residentia l Open Burning – Household and SCC 2610000100 Open Burning – Yard Trimmings. Open burning is treated as a means of waste disposal in rural areas. Mate rials burned generally include agricultural refuse, landscaping refuse, or scrap wood. Local authorities could not provide assistance with estimating the tons of refuse burned or the amount burned. According to local authorities, burn ing permits are issued year round without requiring a notation for the amount burned.

It was assumed that all municipal solid waste (MSW) and yard trimmings, were burned in the open for solid waste generated outside the munici pal corporate limits. According to the EIIP Tech. Report , Table 16.5-1, it is estimated that 3.77 pounds of MSW is genera ted per person per day and 0.64 pounds of yard trimmings are generated per person per day. Since it is illegal to burn within the corporate limits, the rural population was estimated by using the same percentage of rural population in each county as what wa s reported in the 2000 census. The 2000 total and rural populations for each county was obtained fr om the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management, State Data Center. The 2000 to tal and rural populations was the latest data
available.

VOC and NOx emission factors for open burning of MSW were obtained from EIIP Tech. Report , Table 16.4-1, Open Burning of Municipa l Refuse. The emission factors are 6.676 pounds VOC per ton MSW burned and 6 pounds NOx per ton MSW burned.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 27 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 27 The VOC emission factor for open burning of yard trimmings was obtained from EIIP Chapter 16, Table 16.4-7. The factor is 28 pound s VOC per ton yard trimmings. The rural percent of the populations were obtained from the 2000 census data. Since burning permits are issued year round, the activity days per year was 365. These values were used to calculate the tons per year emissions for the base year. Th e emissions from the burning of MSW for the base year 2002 inventory were calculated using e quation 3.4.3-1. The annual emissions from the burning of yard trimmings for the base y ear 2002 inventory were calculated using equation 3.4.3-2.

EM P,MSW = (Rural Population in 2002) x (CF MSW ) x (EF P ) x (365 days/yr) (2000 lb/tons) 3.4.3-1

EM P,YT = (Rural Population in 2002) x (CF YT ) x (EF P ) x (365 days/yr) (2000 lb/tons) 3.4.3-2

where EM P,MSW = emissions from burning MSW for pollutant (P) EM P,YT = emissions from burning yard trimmings for pollutant (P) CF MSW = conversion factor, 3.77 lb MSW/person/day = 0.001885 ton MSW/person/day CF YT = conversion factor, 0.64 lb yard trimmings/person/day = 0.00032 ton yard trimmings/person/day EF P = emission factor for pollutant (P)

3.4.4 Small Stationary Source Fossil Fuel Use
In general, fossil fuels are burned for space and ho t water heating. This source category covers VOC and NOx emissions from natural gas (NG) a nd liquid petroleum gas (LPG), oil, coal, and
wood combustion in the residentia l, commercial/institutional (cal led commercial), and industrial

sectors.

The “demand for energy” for these fuel types is know n as fuel usage. Fuel usage data for North Carolina was taken from NC Energy Outlook 2003 by Global Insight, Inc. for the base year 2002. The following table shows the data used.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 28 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 28 Table 3.4.4-1 Fuel Use in North Carolina 2002
Fuel Units Residential Commercial Industrial
NG 10 6 ft 3 64,014 40,580 95,718 LPG gallons 282,775,596 47,960,199 198,606,965 Oil gallons 215,804,019 113,088,933 343,414,390 Coal tons 46,872 85,735 0 Wood tons 1,625,111 164,327 8,583,778

Emission factors used are shown in Table 3.4.4-2 below.

Table 3.4.4-2 Combustion Emission Factors
Sector Fuel Units VOC NOx Residential NG lb/10 6 ft 3 5.5 94 Residential LPG lb/gal 0.0003 0.014 Residential Oil lb/gal 0.000713 0.018 Residential Coal lb/ton 0.07 9.1 Residential Wood lb/ton 229.0 2.6 Commercial NG lb/10 6 ft 3 5.5 167.5 Commercial LPG lb/gal 0.00035 0.0145 Commercial Oil lb/gal 0.000735 0.037 Commercial Coal lb/ton 0.07 15.8
Commercial Wood lb/ton 0.255326 3.304224

Industrial NG lb/10 6 ft 3 4.96 163.33 Industrial LPG lb/gal 0.00035 0.02 Industrial Oil lb/gal 0.00024 0.039 Industrial Coal lb/ton 0.07 14.9 Industrial Wood lb/ton 0.255326 3.304224

3.4.4.1 Fuel Oil Combustion
Fuel oil consumption covers the use of kerosene, di stillate oil and residual oil. Distillate oil includes fuel oil grades 1, 2, and 4; residual oil includes fuel grades 5 and 6. In most areas, residual oil is not used by residential sources. Ke rosene and distillate oils are primarily used for space heating in domestic and small commercial build ings, while residual oils are used primarily for industrial and large commercial applications. It was assumed that residential fuel oils are normally used only for heating and therefore, no residential fuel oil emissions were calculated
for summer months.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 29 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 29 The base year statewide annual fuel oil de mand for energy, obtained from the NC Energy
Outlook 2003 , was converted British Thermal Units (BTU s) to gallons of fuel used for each heating classification (i.e ., residential, commercial, and indust rial). The conversion factors used were obtained from the NC Energy Outlook 2003 and are 135,000 BTU per gallon of kerosene, 138,690 BTU per gallon of distillate oil, a nd 149,690 BTU per gallon of residual oil.

Once converted to gallons of fuel, the statewid e fuel use was then apportioned to the county level. This was accomplished by multiplying the num ber of gallons of fuel used in the state by the fraction of housing units heated by fuel oils in the county compared to that of the whole state (see the equation below).

# gallon fuel for County X = (# gal fuel oil for State) x (# housing units heated by fuel oil in County X) (# housing units heated by fuel oil in State)

The fraction of housing units was used to distribu te the fuel on a county le vel for the residential heating classifications. The numbe r of housing units heated by fuel oils was obtained from the
2000 Census.

Commercial and industrial fuel usage was apportioned according to the number of business
establishments in the State and counties. The numbers were take n from 1997 (last year of SIC based statistics) County Business Patterns . Establishments with SICs from 50 xx through 99 xx were summed. Industrial sources were calcula ted in a manner similar to commercial sources burning oil or coal.

For residential, commercial and industrial c onsumption, NOx and VOC emission factors were obtained from AP-42, Table 1.3-1 a nd Table 1.3-3, respectively. Th e residential emission factors were 0.018 pounds of NOx per gallon of fuel burned and 0.000713 pounds of VOC per gallon of
fuel burned. The commercial emission factor s were 0.037 pounds of NOx per gallon of fuel burned and 0.000735 pounds of VOC per gallon of fuel burned. The commercial emission factors were 0.039 pounds of NOx per gallon of fuel burned and 0.00024 pounds of VOC per gallon of fuel burned.

According to the Procedures document, Table 5.8-1, the activity days per week is 7 for residential heating and 6 for commercial and indu strial heating.

Point source emissions with SCC 1-03-004-xx a nd 1-03-005-xx identifie d commercial residual
oil and distillate oil emissions , respectively; while source emissions with SCC 1-02-004-xx andArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 30 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 30 1-02-005-xx identified industrial residual and di stillate oil emissions, respectively. The point source emissions in tons per year were subtracted from the area source emissions.

3.4.4.2 Coal Combustion
There are three types of coal used for space heating: anthracite, bituminous and lignite. According to AP-42, anthracite, or hard coal, is mined almost exclusively in Pennsylvania and is consumed in Pennsylvania and in states that are within easy shipping distance. In addition, lignite coal is mined in North Dakota and Texas a nd is consumed near where it mined. Since the incidence of anthracite and lignite coal burning is low in North Carolina, the emissions from coal combustion were calculated utilizing only th e emission factors for bituminous coal.

It was assumed that residential coal is nor mally used only for heating and therefore, no
residential coal emissions were calculated for summer months.

The base year statewide annual coal demand for energy, obtained from the NC Energy Outlook
2003 , were converted from BTU to tons of coal used for each heating classification (i.e., residential, commercial, and industrial). The conversion factor used was 21,100,000 BTU per
ton of coal.

Once converted to tons of coal, the statewide coal use was then apportioned to the county level. This was calculated by multiplying the number of tons of coal used in the state by the fraction of housing units heated by coal in the county, compared to that of the whole state (see the equation below).

# ton of coal for County X = (# ton of coal for State) x (# housing units heated by coal in County X) (# housing units heated by coal in State)

The fraction of housing units was used to distribu te the coal on a county level for both heating classifications. The number of housing units he ated by coal was obtained from the Federal Bureau of the Census and the 2003 NC State Energy Plan (http://www.doa.state.nc.us/doa/energy).

There were several emission factors for b ituminous coal combustion listed in AP-42, Table 1.1-3. For the purpose of estimating the em issions from coal combustion, the equipment listed in AP-42, Table 1.1-3 were grouped in to industrial, commercial/institutional and residential type equipment. The emission factor s were averaged for each type and the averaged
emission factors were used to calculate th e emissions. Table 3.4.4.2-1 lists the averaged
emission factors used in the calcul ations. It should be noted that fluidized bed combustors (FBC)Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 31 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 31 were not included in the averaged emission factors because FBC doe s not constitute a significant percentage of the total boiler population, acco rding to AP-42, Section 1.1. The Procedures document, Table 5.8-1, lists the activity days per week as 7 for residential heating and 6 for commercial and industrial heating. Point s ource emissions with SCC 1-03-002-xx identified commercial coal combustion emissions. The point source annual emissions in tons per year were
subtracted from the area source emissions.

Table 3.4.4.2-1 Coal Combus tion Emission Factors Application/Equipment Type Emission Factor (lb NOx/ton Coal) Emission Factor (lb VOC/ton Coal)

Industrial Applications Averaged Emission Factor 14.9 0.07

Commercial Applications Averaged Emission Factor 15.8 0.07

Residential Applications Hand-fed units 9.1 0.07

Residential Coal Combustion Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# t ons/year Coal) x EF coal combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

Commercial Coal Combustion Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# tons /year Coal) x EF coal combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

Industrial Coal Combustion Emissions:

There is no industrial coal combustion in the area source inventory becaus e it is included in the point source emissions inventory.

3.4.4.3 Natural Gas Combustion
Currently in the United States, natural gas is one of the major types of fuels used for heating. It is mainly used for industrial process stream and heat production, comme rcial and residentialArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 32 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 32 space heating and for electric power generati on. Although natural gas is a relatively clean burning fuel, some emissions can result from its combustion.

The base year statewide annual demand for natu ral gas energy, obtained from the NC Energy
Outlook 2003 , was converted from BTU to 10 6 cubic feet of natural gas used for each heating classification (i.e., residential, commercial, an d industrial). The conve rsion factor used was 1,000 BTU per cubic foot of natural gas.

Once converted to cubic feet of natural gas, the statewide natural gas use was then apportioned to the county level. This was calculated by multiplying the number of cubic feet of natural gas used in the state by the fraction of housing units heated by natural gas in the county, in comparison to the state (see the equation below).

# ft 3 nat. gas for County X = (# ft 3 nat. gas for State) x (# housing units heated by nat. gas in County X) (# housing units heated by nat. gas in State)

The fraction of housing units was used to distri bute the natural gas usage on a county level for each heating classification. The number of housi ng units heated by natural gas was obtained
from the 2000 Census.

The North Carolina Utilities Commission provide d data from the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration giving monthl y usage of natural gas by residential and
commercial customers in North Carolina for 2002.

There were several emission factors listed for indu strial and commercial natural gas boilers in AP-42, Table 1.4-1. For the purpose of estimati ng the emissions from natural gas combustion, an average of the emission factors were use d. Table 3.4.4.3-1 lists averaged emission factors
used in the calculations. According to the Procedures document, Table 5.8-1, the activity days per week is 7 for residentia l heating and 6 for commercia l and industrial heating.

Point source emissions with SCC 1-03-006-xxx and 1-02-006-xxx, identified commercial and industrial natural gas co mbustion emissions, respectively. Wh ere point source emissions were indicated, these were deducted from the 2002 annual emission estimates.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 33 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 33 Table 3.4.4.3-1 Emission Factors for Natural Gas Application/Equipment Type Emission Factor (lb NOx/10 6 ft 3 ) Emission Factor (lb VOC/10 6 ft 3 )

Industrial Applications Averaged Emission Factor 163.33 4.96

Commercial Applications Averaged Emission Factor 167.5 5.5

Residential Applications
Uncontrolled 94 5.5

Residential Natural Gas Combustion Emissions :

Pollutant emitted by = (# ft 3 /year natural gas) x EF Natural gas combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

Commercial Natural Ga s Combustion Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# ft 3 /year natural gas) x EF Natural gas combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# ft 3 /year natural gas) x EF Natural gas combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

3.4.4.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Combustion
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consists of pr opane, propylene, butane, and butylenes. The largest market for LPG is the domestic/commerc ial market, followed by the chemical industry and agricultural markets. LPG is also used as a stand-by fuel for facilities that have natural gas
service contracts that can be in terrupted. The form of LPG used primarily for domestic heating is propane. Liquefied petroleum gas is consid ered a clean fuel because it does not produce visible emissions. However, gaseous pollutants such as VOC do occur.

The base year statewide annual LPG demand fo r energy, obtained from the NC Energy Outlook
2003 , was converted from BTU to 10 3 gallons of LPG used for each heating classification (i.e.,Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 34 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 34 residential, commercial, and industrial). The conversion fa ctor was 95,475 BTU per gallon of
LPG.

Once converted to gallons of LPG, the statew ide LPG use was then apportioned to the county level. This was accomplished by multiplying the num ber of gallons of LPG used in the state by the fraction of housing units heated by LPG in th e county compared to th at of the whole state (see the equation below).

# gal LPG for County X = (# gal LPG for State) x (# housing units heated by LPG in County X) (# housing units heated by LPG in State)

The fraction of housing units was used to dist ribute the LPG usage on a county level for each heating classification. The number of housing un its heated by LPG was obtained from the 2000
Census.

The North Carolina Utilities Commission provide d data from the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration giving monthly usage of LPG by residential and commercial
customers in North Carolina for 2002.

The emission factors listed in AP-42, Table 1.5-1 were averaged for industrial and commercial
sources. There is no residential LPG emission factor listed in AP-42. Since the form of LPG used primarily for domestic heating is propane , the commercial propane emission factor was
used for residential LPG combustion. The emi ssion factors listed in AP-42, as well as the average emission factors used for estimating th e emissions from LPG combustion are listed in
Table 3.4.4.4-1. Accordi ng to the Procedures document, Table 5.8-1, the activity days per week is 7 for residential heating and 6 for commercial and industrial heating. Point source emissions with SCC 1-03-010-xxx and 1-02-010-xxx, identi fied commercial and industrial LPG combustion emissions, respectively. Where point source emissions were indicated, these were
deducted from the 2002 annual emission estimate.

Residential LPG Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# gal/year LPG) x EF LPG combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

Commercial LPG Co mbustion Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# gal/year LPG) x EF LPG combustion (2000 pounds/ton)Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 35 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 35 Industrial LPG Combustion Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# gal/year LPG) x EF LPG combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

Table 3.4.4.4-1 Emission Factors for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Application/Fuel Type Emission Factors (lb /gallon)

Industrial Commercial Residential

Butane 0.021 0.015 Propane 0.019 0.014 0.014 Averaged NOx Emission Factor 0.02 0.0145 Butane 0.0004 0.0004 Propane 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 Averaged VOC Emission Factor 0.00035 0.00035

3.4.4.5 Wood Combustion

The use of wood as a source of heat occurs in the residential and industrial sectors. It was assumed that residential wood is normally used only for heating and therefore, no residential
wood emissions were calculated for summer mont hs. The burning of wood waste in boilers is mostly confined to those industr ies where the wood is available as a byproduct. Most often this is in the lumber, furniture and plywood industries. These types of industries are included in the point source inventory, therefore, no area source emissions will be calculated for industrial wood combustion. Wood stoves, commonly used in reside nces as space heaters, are used both as the primary source of heat and as a suppleme nt to conventional heating systems.

The base year statewide annual wood demand fo r energy, obtained from the NC Energy Outlook
2003 , was converted from BTU to tons of wood used for reside ntial heating. The conversion factor was 4,500 BTU per pound of wood, which is the mid-point of the range (4,000 to 5,000 BTU per pound of wood) given in AP-42, Section 1.6.

Once converted to tons of wood, the statewid e wood use was then apportioned to the county level. This was accomplished by multiplying the num ber of tons of wood use in the state by the fraction of housing units heated by wood in the c ounty compared to that of the whole state (see the equation below).

# tons wood for County X = (# ton wood for State) x (# housing units heated by wood in County X) (# housing units heated by wood in State)Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 36 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 36 The fraction of housing units was used to distri bute the wood usage on a county level. The number of housing units heated by wood was obtained from the 2000 Census.

Wood combustion emission factors are 229 lb/to n burned and 2.6 lb/ton burned for VOC and NOx, respectively. The resident ial wood combustion emission fact ors were obtained from the Table 2.4-1 of the EIIP Tech. Report , Volume III, Chapter II. According to the Procedures document, Table 5.8-1, the activity days per week is 7 for residential heating.

Wood Combustion Emissions:

Pollutant emitted by = (# ton/year wood) x EF wood combustion (2000 pounds/ton)

3.4.4.6 Small Electric Utility Boilers
This source subcategory has been treated as a point source since the information was available for each facility.

3.4.5 Vehicle Fires

Vehicle fire emissions within the State demonstration area are estimated by considering the estimated number vehicles burned in the State, th e amount of material burned (the fuel loading) in a vehicle fire, and the emission factors for th e open burning of automobile components. The assumptions for amount of material burned and the emission factors were based on the USEPA’s
AP-42 , Section 2.5 Open Burning.

The estimated number of vehicle fires was determ ined by apportioning a nati onal fire statistic to a county level. The USFA of the Department of Homeland Security maintains national-level fire statistics. The number of fires nationwide in 2002 was 1,734,500 and was available from the USFA website at http://www.usfa .fema.gov/statistics/national/. Th e percentage of vehicle fires was applied to the national-level total number of fires. The number of national-level vehicle fires was then apportioned to a state-level. Th e ratio of North Carolina vehicle miles traveled (VMT) to U.S. VMT (92,894,000,000 VMT / 2,855,756,000,000 VMT) was applied to the
number of national-level vehicle fires to obtain the number of North Carolina vehicle fires. The
VMT statistics were obtained from the U.S. De partment of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration website at http ://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs02/vm2.htm. The number of state-level vehicle fires was then apportioned to a county level based on paved mile per county in 2002. Paved mile per county data was obtained from the NCDOT. Using the above method,
2002 vehicle fire emissions were calculated.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 37 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 37 The amount of vehicle material burned (the fuel loading) in a vehicl e fire was estimated by assuming that an average vehicle has 500 pounds of components (0.25 tons ) that can burn in a fire, based on a 3,700 pounds average vehicle weight (CARB, 1995).

The emission factors were obtained from Tabl e 2.5-1, Emission Factors for Open Burning of Municipal Refuse, of the USEPA’s AP-42 , Section 2.5 Open Burning. The emission factors are 32 pounds of VOC per ton burned and 4 pounds of NOx per ton burned.

The annual emissions for the base invent ory were calculated using equation 3.4.5-1.

EM P = (# of Vehicle Fires per year) x (CF) x (EF P ) (2000 lb/tons) 3.4.5-1

where EM P = annual emissions for structur e fires for pollutant (P) CF = conversion factor, 0.25 tons burned/vehicle fire EF P = emission factor for pollutant (P)

3.4.6 Agricultural Burning
This source subcategory covers bur ning practices used to clear a nd/or prepare land for planting. These operations include stubble burning, burning of agricultural crop residues, and the burning of stand field crops as part of harvesting (e .g., sugar cane). According to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, when soybeans are double cropped with wheat , the wheat stubble is usually burned back after harves t about one fourth of the time. According to Dr. J. Dunphy, a soybean specialist at North Ca rolina State Universit y, the acres of soybean double cropped with wheat in North Carolina is approx imately equal to the acres of wheat planted. Therefore, one fourth of the acreage of wheat planted in 2002 was used to calculate the emissions from agricultural burning practic es in North Carolina.

The fuel loading factor and the yield of VO C for burning wheat stubble was obtained from
AP-42 , Table 2.5.5. The fuel loading factor is 1.9 t ons of fuel consumed per acre burned. The yield of VOC was dependent upon whether the fiel d was head-fire burned or back-fire burned. The percentage of each burning type used was not available, therefore, the assumption was made that each type was used 50 percent of the ti me. The yield of VOC used, 11 pounds of VOC per ton of fuel consumed, is an aver age of the two types of burning. To calculate the emission factor for VOC emissions, the fuel loading factor is multiplied by the yield of pollutant.

EF VOC = (1.9 tons/acre) (11 lb VOC/ton burned) = 20.9 lb VOC/acre burnedArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 38 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 38 The annual emissions were calculated using the number of acres burned and the per acre emission factor. According to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, field burning occurs only during June and July.

The number of acres of wheat planted was obtained from the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Sta tistics Division. The annual em issions for the 2002 base year inventory were calculat ed using equation 3.4.6-1.

EM = (1⁄4 x (wheat acreage)) x EF (2000 lb/ton) 3.4.6-1

where EM = emissions for source category for VOC EF = emission factor for VOC

3.4.7 On Site Incineration

On-site incineration is the confin ed burning of waste leaves, landscap e refuse and other refuse or rubbish. In North Carolina, comm ercial/institutional and industrial incinerators are required to have an Air Quality Permit in order to operate . Therefore, all indus trial incinerators are identified in the point source inventory. There may be small commercial/institutional
incinerators that have not been identified in the point source inventory and as a result emissions
were calculated for commercial on-site incinerators.

No data was available to determine the amount of waste burned in on- site incinerators. Therefore, the amount of solid waste burned was es timated with the fuel loading factor (L) given
in Table 4.6-1 of the Procedures document. The commercial fuel loading factor is 23 tons of refuse/1,000 population/year. The yield for comm ercial incineration was obtained from several sources. The yield of NOx (P) was obtained from AP-42 , Table 2.1-12 and is listed in Table 3.4.7-1. The yield value used for NOx was th e average of the yield values listed in AP-42

. The yield of VOC is 8.556 lb/ton of refuse and was obtained from EIIP Technical Report , Open Burning, Table 16.4-1.

Table 3.4.7-1 Yield of Pollutant Values for Uncontrolled Refuse Combustors

Pollutant Multiple Chamber Combustor Yield Value

(lb/ton refuse burned) Single Chamber Combustor Yield Value

(lb/ton refuse burned) Yield Value (lb/ton refuse burned)

NOx 3 2 2.5 (average)

VOC - - 8.556Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 39 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 39 To calculate the per capita polluta nt emission factor (EF) for on-si te commercial incinerators, the fuel loading factor was multiplied by the yiel d of the pollutant, as shown in the following equation.

EF P = L COMMERCIAL x P INCINERATION

= (23 tons of refuse/1000 population/year) x (2.5 lb NOx/ton of refuse burned)

= 57.5 lb NOx/1000 population/year

The annual emissions from commercial on-site incineration for the base year 2002 inventory
were calculated us ing equation 3.4.7-1.

EM P = (rural population in 2002) x (EF P ) (2000 lb/tons) 3.4.7-1

where EM P = emissions from on-site incinerati on for pollutant (P) in tons/year EF P = emission factor for pollutant (P)

The percent rural population was obtained from the 2000 census data. The 2000 census data was the latest data available. According to the Procedures document, on-site incineration occurs uniformly year round and operate s 7 days per week. Point source emissions with SCC 5-xx-xxxxx identified waste incineration emissions. The point source emissions in tons per year were
subtracted from the area source emissions.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 40 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 40 

### 4. VISTAS DEVELOPED 2002 AREA SOURCE INVENTORY

Section 4.0 details the portion of the 2002 base y ear area source inventory, which was developed for VISTAS/ASIP by the VISTAS contractor, MA CTEC, Inc. This information was obtained from the report entitled Documentation of the Base G 2002 Base Year, 2009, and 2018, Emission Inventories for VISTAS prepared for VISTAS by MACTEC, Inc. This report is included in Appendix G.

Several major components of the area source sect or of the inventory, which were developed by VISTAS, are discussed in Sections 4.1 thr ough 4.2. Also, emissions from portable fuel
containers were added and are discussed in S ection 4.1. Section 4.2 describes the development of the fires emissions inventory and distinguishes the difference be tween an actual versus typical inventory with regards to fires.

The following Sections are based on excerpt s, with some editing, taken from a document entitled, Documentation of the Base G 2002 Base Year, 2009 and 2018 Emission Inventories for
VISTAS and prepared by MACTEC, Inc.

4.1 PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS

Portable fuel containers (PFCs), SCC 2501060300, covers emissi ons from residential and commercial sector portable gaso line containers. Permeation, diur nal, transport, spillage, and vapor displacement emissions are typically accounted for in this category. Spillage from refueling operations and vapor displacement emissions were not included in the inventory to avoid double counting refueli ng in the non-road sector.

MACTEC found that the USEPA had prepared a national inventory of emissions by State for portable fuel containers. Data on emissions from this sour ce prepared by the USEPA were presented in the report, Estimating Emissions Associated with Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs), Draft Report , Office of Transportation and Air Qu ality, USEPA, Report # EPA420-D-06-003, February 2006.

The 2002 county-level emission estimates were obtained through an allocation method based on fuel usage. Initially, 2005 emission estimat es, except those from vapor displacement and spillage from refueling operations , were obtained from the USEP A’s report and assumed to be equal to 2002 values. Permeation, diurnal, and transport emission estimates were summed and allocated to the county-level, based on the fuel usage information obtained from theArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 41 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 41 NONROAD2005 model. The SCCs that use contai ners for refueling were acquired from the spillage file of the NONROAD model. Then the fuel usages by county from the NONROAD2005 runs prepared for VISTAS/ASIP we re summed for those SCCs by county. The county level fuel use was then divided by the State total fuel use for the sa me SCCs to determine the fraction of total State fuel usage and that fraction was used to allocate the State-level emissions to the county.

4.2 FOREST FIRES

The fires source category includes wildfire, prescr ibed burning, and land clearing fires. These fires can be intermittent in nature, but many of th ese can produce large quantities of air pollutant
emissions. Wildfires in certain rural areas can produce large, short-te rm organic emissions. Prescribed burning is used a as a forest mana gement practice to establ ish favorable seedbeds, remove competing underbrush, accel erate nutrient cycling, control tree pests and contribute other ecological benefits. Agricultural burning covers agricultural burning prac tices used to clear and/or prepare land for planting. In land clearing fires, waste from logging operations is often
burned under controlled conditions to reduce the potential fire hazar ds in forests and to remove
brush that can serve as a hos t for destructive insects.

The total wildfire acreage burned was obtained fr om the NCDFR for each county in the State. These numbers however are replaced with the 200 2 “typical” year for the purpose of modeling. Fire emissions are not easily grown or projec ted. Thus, the replacement was done so that the fires represented in the area source inventory ar e considered typical and do not reflect an abnormally low or high year as fa r as fires. The typical year forest fire inventories were developed by MACTEC, Inc. with input from state and federal fore st resource staff. The typical year covered wildfire, prescribed burning, ag ricultural fires and land clearing fires. The development of the typical year inventory is described below.

State level ratios of acres over a longer-term record (three or more years) developed for each fire type relative to 2002. The 2002 acreage was then scaled up or down based on these ratios to develop a typical year in ventory. VISTAS Fire Special Inte rest Work Group based the ratio on county-level data for States that supplied long-term fire -by-fire acreage data rather than Statelevel ratios. Where States did not supply long-term fire-by-fire acreage data, MACTEC reverted to using State-level ratios. With one broad ex ception (wildfires) this method was implemented for all fires. MACTEC solicited long term fire -by-fire acreage data by fire type from each VISTAS State. A minimum of three or more year s of data were used to develop the ratios. Those data were then used to develop a rati o for each county based on the number of acres burned in each county for each fire type relative to 2002.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 42 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 42 If VISTAS had long term county prescribed fire data from a State, a county acreage ratio, described below, was developed.

acreage Rx level county actual 2002 acres Rx level county average term Long

= Ratio

This ratio was then multiplied times the actual 2002 acreage to get a typical value (basically the long term average county level acres). Wherever possible this calculation was performed on a fire-by-fire basis. The acreage cal culated using the ratio was then used with the fuel loading and
emission factor values to calculate emissions.

There were three except ions to this method.

Exception 1: Use of State Ratios for Wildfires

Wildfires estimates were developed using State ratios rather than count y ratios because some counties were showing unrealistic ratios, which were created by very short term data records or missing data. In addition, exceptionally large and small fires were removed from the database.
VISTAS also removed all fires less than 0.1 acres from the dataset.

Exception 2: Correction for Blackened Acres on Forest Service Lands

Acres, submitted by the U.S. Forest Service (U SFS) for wildfires and prescribed fires on USFS lands, represented perimeter acres rather than “b lackened” acres. Therefore, for prescribed fires greater than 100 acres in size, th e acreage was adjusted to be 80 percent of the initial reported value. For prescribed fires of 100 acres or less, the acreage values were maintained as reported. All reported acreage values for wildfires were adju sted to be 66 percent of their values, as initially reported.

Exception 3: Missing/Non-reported data

When VISTAS did not receive data from a VISTAS State for a particular fire type, a composite average for the entire VISTAS region was used to determine the typical value for that type fire. This technique was applied to all fire types when data was missing.

For wildfires and prescribed burning, ratios were also developed for “northern” and “southern” tier States within the VISTAS region and those ratios were applied to each State with missing data depending upon whether they were considered a “northern” or “southern” tier State.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 43 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 43 Development of “southern” and “nor thern” tier data was an attempt to account for a change from a predominantly pine/evergreen ecosystem (southe rn) to a pine/deciduous ecosystem (northern).

Table 4.2-1 below presents a comparison in tons per year of the 2002 actual fire emissions and the 2002 typical fire emissions for NOx and VOC for wildfires, prescribed burning, agricultural fires and land clearing fires in North Carolina.

Table 4.2-1 2002 North Carolina Actu al and Typical Fire Emissions Actual Fire Emissions Ty pical Fire Emissions Fire Type NOx (tpy) VOC (tpy) NOx (tpy) VOC (tpy) Wildfires 458.18 1005.04 733.62 1609.22 Prescribed Burning 282.28 619.19 810.38 1777.61 Agricultural Fires - 1123.38 - 1609.22 Landclearing Fires 3460.84 8029.08 3460.84 8029.08Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 44 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 44 

### 5. 2008 AREA SOURCE EMISSI ON INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

This Section describes the methodology used to develop the 2008 area source inventory. The 2002 base year inventory emissions were used as a starting point fo r calculating the 2008 emissions. For creating future year emission esti mates for many source cate gories, the base year emission inventory was projected with a source category specific growth factor generated with the USEPA’s Economic Growth Analysis Syst em version 5.0 beta (E-GAS 5.0) program. Source categories estimated by pe r-capita emission factors were grown using predicted future year populations provided by the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management and were based originally on 2000 census data. Popula tion growth factors were calculated to adjust 2002 values to future years by multiplication.

As previously stated, certain emission categories were adjusted for season or rule effectiveness and rule penetration. Table 5-1 below illustrates the c ontrol efficiency, rule effectiveness and rule penetration rate that was applied to the 2008 area sources emission i nventory. The controls are applied at the same rate across all of the counties.Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 45 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 45 Table 5-1 Control Efficiency, Rule Effectiven ess and Rule Penetration Rates Applied to the 2008 Area Sources

SCC Source Category Pollutant Control Efficiency Rule Effectiveness Rule Penetration Rate

2104008000 Small Stationary Fossil Fuel Use: Residential Wood VOC 52.53 100 100 2401001000 Architectural Coating: All Solvent Types VOC 25 100 100 2401005000 Auto Body Refinishing VOC 37 100 100 2401008000 Traffic Markings VOC 25 100 100

2401015000 Industrial Surface Coating: Factory Finished Wood VOC 36 100 100 2401020000 Surface Coating: Wood Furniture VOC 30 100 100 2401025000 Surface Coating: Metal Furniture VOC 36 100 100 2401040000 Surface Coating: Metal Containers VOC 36 100 100 2401050000 Surface Coating: Sheet, Strip and Coil VOC 36 100 100 2401055000 Surface Coating: Machinery and Equipment VOC 36 100 100 2401060000 Surface Coating: Appliances VOC 36 100 100 2401065000 Surface Coating: Electrical Insulation VOC 36 100 100 2401070000 Surface Coating: Automobile (New) VOC 36 100 100 2401080000 Surface Coating: Marine Coatings VOC 24 100 100 2401090000 Surface Coating: Other Product Coating VOC 36 100 100

2401100000 Surface Coating: High-performance Maintenance VOC 25 100 100

2415130000 Electronic and Other Elec.: Open Top Degreasing VOC 31 100 100

2415145000 Miscellaneous Manufacturing: Open Top Degreasing VOC 31 100 100

2415345000 Miscellaneous Manufacturing: Cold Cleaning Degreasing VOC 43 100 100

2415360000 Auto Repair Services: Cold Cleaning Degreasing VOC 43 100 100 2420000000 Dry Cleaning: All Processes VOC 44 80 100

2465000000 Non-industrial: Consumer: All Products/Processes VOC 25 100 100

2465100000 Non-industrial: Consumer: Personal Care Products VOC 25 100 100

2465200000 Non-industrial: Consumer: Household Products VOC 25 100 100

2465400000 Non-industrial: Consumer: Automotive Aftermarket Products VOC 25 100 100

2465600000 Non-industrial: Consumer: Adhesives and Sealants VOC 25 100 100 2465800000 Pesticide Application VOC 25 100 100Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 46 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 46 5.1 2008 PROJECTION OF FIRES

5.1.1 2008 Projection of Forest Fires

It is assumed that the number of acres burne d remains relatively constant, therefore, the emissions do not change from 2002 to 2008.

5.1.2 2008 Projection of Structure Fires

The 2008 emission inventory was obtained by appl ying growth factors to 2002 emissions data. Growth factors were provided by the North Ca rolina Office of State Budget and Management and were based originally from the 2000 census data.

For the 2008 structure fire emission inventory, th e base year emissions were grown using the percent growth in population for each county. The 2008 structure fire emission inventory was calculated using Equation 5.1.2-1.

PJ a EM = EM P x GF a 5.1.2-1

where EM P = emissions for structure fires for pollutant (P) PJ a EM = projected future year (a) emissions for county GF a = growth factor for future year (a).Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 47 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 47 

### 6. ADDITIONAL DATA

6.1 SIC TO NAICS CROSSWALKArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 48 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 48Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 49 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 49Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 50 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 50Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 51 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 51Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 52 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 52Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 53 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 53Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 54 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 54Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 55 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 55Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 56 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 56Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 57 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 57Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 58 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 58Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 59 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 59Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 60 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 60Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 61 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 61Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 62 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 62Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 63 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 63Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 64 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 64Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 65 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 65Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 66 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 66Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 67 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 67Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 68 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 68Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 69 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 69Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 70 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 70Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 71 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 71Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 72 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 72Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 73 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 73Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 74 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 74Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 75 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 75Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 76 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 76Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 77 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 77Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 78 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 78Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 79 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 79Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 80 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 80Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 81 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 81Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 82 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 82Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 83 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 83Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 84 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 84Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 85 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 85Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 86 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 86Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 87 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 87Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 88 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 88Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 89 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 89Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 90 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 90Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 91 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 91Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 92 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 92Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 93 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 93Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 94 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 94 6.2 FRACTION OF NAICS CODE EM PLOYMENT USED TO CREATE SIC
EMPLOYMENT

SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

Factory Finished Wood Surface Coating

2426 321918 10521 38100 0.276 Other millwork (including flooring)
2426 337215 6310 75382 0.084 Showcase, partition, shelving, & locker mfg
2426 321912 17109 39763 0.430 Cut stock, resawing lumber, & planing
2429 321113 304 119760 0.003 Sawmills
2429 321920 684 51134 0.013 Wood container & pallet mfg
2429 321999 355 43839 0.008 All other miscellaneous wood product mfg
2431 321911 64771 64771 1.000 Wood window & door mfg
2431 321918 27488 38100 0.721 Other millwork (including flooring)
2434 337110 79579 99257 0.802 Wood kitchen cabinet & counter top mfg
2435 321211 22151 22151 1.000 Hardwood veneer & plywood mfg
2436 321212 28843 28843 1.000 Softwood veneer & plywood mfg
2439 321912 0 39763 0.000 Cut stock, resawing lumber, & planing
2439 321214 32522 32522 1.000 Truss mfg
2439 321113 0 119760 0.000 Sawmills
2439 321213 5372 5372 1.000 Engineered wood member (except truss) mfg
2441 321920 4885 51134 0.096 Wood container & pallet mfg
2448 321920 38994 51134 0.763 Wood container & pallet mfg
2449 321920 5701 51134 0.111 Wood container & pallet mfg
2451 321991 68269 68269 1.000 Manufactured home (mobile home) mfg
2452 321992 22965 22965 1.000 Prefabricated wood building mfg
2493 321219 25269 25269 1.000 Reconstituted wood product mfg
2499 339999 13740 74137 0.185 All other miscellaneous mfg
2499 332321 0 74944 0.000 Metal window & door mfg
2499 321920 870 51134 0.017 Wood container & pallet mfg
2499 321912 549 39763 0.014 Cut stock, resawing lumber, & planing
2499 321999 41844 43839 0.954 All other miscellaneous wood product mfg Furniture & Fixtures Surface Coating and Part of Miscellaneous Degreasing

2511 337122 123368 128248 0.962 Nonupholstered wood household furniture mfg 2512 337121 85258 90009 0.947 Upholstered household furniture mfg
2514 337124 22835 22835 1.000 Metal household furniture mfg
2515 337121 1601 90009 0.018 Upholstered household furniture mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 95 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 95 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

2515 337910 23072 23072 1.000 Mattress mfg
2517 337129 4273 4273 1.000 Wood television, radio, & sewing machine cabinet mfg 2519 337125 4708 4708 1.000 Household furniture (except wood & metal) mfg 2521 337211 30641 30641 1.000 Wood office furniture mfg
2522 337214 44222 44222 1.000 Office furniture (except wood) mfg
2531 336360 20784 45600 0.456 Motor vehicle seating & interior trim mfg
2531 337127 15254 38218 0.399 Institutional furniture mfg
2531 339942 941 7990 0.118 Lead pencil & art good mfg
2541 337110 9785 99257 0.099 Wood kitchen cabinet & counter top mfg
2541 337212 24363 24363 1.000 Custom architectural woodwork & millwork mfg 2541 337215 23305 75382 0.309 Showcase, partition, shelving, & locker mfg
2542 337215 44472 75382 0.590 Showcase, partition, shelving, & locker mfg
2591 337920 19617 19617 1.000 Blind & shade mfg
2599 337127 22448 38218 0.587 Institutional furniture mfg
2599 339113 2925 85315 0.034 Surgical appliance & supplies mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing

3312 324199 1731 3671 0.472 All other petroleum & coal products mfg
3312 331111 144074 146514 0.983 Iron & steel mills
3313 331112 3724 3724 1.000 Electrometallurgical ferroalloy product mfg
3313 331492 311 11610 0.027 Other nonferrous metal secondary smelting, refining, & alloying 3315 331222 23489 23489 1.000 Steel wire drawing
3315 332618 2265 46174 0.049 Other fabricated wire product mfg
3316 331221 14362 14362 1.000 Cold-rolled steel shape mfg
3317 331210 27723 27723 1.000 Iron & steel pipes & tubes mfg from purchased steel 3321 331511 83570 86198 0.970 Iron foundries
3322 331511 2628 86198 0.030 Iron foundries
3324 331512 22673 22673 1.000 Steel investment foundries
3325 331513 23982 23982 1.000 Steel foundries (except investment)
3331 331411 7360 7360 1.000 Primary smelting & refining of copper
3334 331312 15763 15763 1.000 Primary aluminum production
3339 331419 10132 10132 1.000 Other nonferrous metal primary smelting & refiningArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 96 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 96 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

3341 331423 1768 2333 0.758 Secondary smelting, refining, & alloying of
copper

3341 331492 5485 11610 0.472 Other nonferrous metal secondary smelting, refining, & alloying 3341 331314 6226 6714 0.927 Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum
3351 331421 21150 21150 1.000 Copper rolling, drawing, & extruding
3353 331315 25111 25111 1.000 Aluminum sheet, plate, & foil mfg
3353 332996 0 29364 0.000 Fabricated pipe & pipe fitting mfg
3354 331316 30357 30357 1.000 Aluminum extruded product mfg
3355 331319 2657 4306 0.617 Other aluminum rolling & drawing
3356 331491 17237 25872 0.666 Other nonferrous metal rolling, drawing, & extruding Part of Misc. Degreasing and Part of Electrical Insulation Surface Coating

3357 331319 1649 4306 0.383 Other aluminum rolling & drawing
3357 331422 4692 4692 1.000 Copper wire (except mechanical) drawing
3357 331491 8635 25872 0.334 Other nonferrous metal rolling, drawing, & extruding 3357 335921 8589 8589 1.000 Fiber optic cable mfg
3357 335929 46267 46267 1.000 Other communication & energy wire mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing

3363 331521 27717 27717 1.000 Aluminum die-casting foundries
3364 331522 17243 17243 1.000 Nonferrous (except aluminum) die-casting foundries 3365 331524 34098 34098 1.000 Aluminum foundries (except die-casting)
3366 331525 8909 8909 1.000 Copper foundries (except die-casting)
3369 331528 6529 6529 1.000 Other nonferrous foundries (except diecasting) 3398 332811 22674 22674 1.000 Metal heat treating
3399 331111 2440 146514 0.017 Iron & steel mills
3399 331314 488 6714 0.073 Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum
3399 331423 565 2333 0.242 Secondary smelting, refining, & alloying of
copper 3399 331492 5814 11610 0.501 Other nonferrous metal secondary smelting, refining, & alloying 3399 332618 2088 46174 0.045 Other fabricated wire product mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing and Me tal Containers Surface Coating

3411 332431 27316 27316 1.000 Metal can mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 97 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 97 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

3412 332439 6318 14922 0.423 Other metal container mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing

3421 332211 11129 11230 0.991 Cutlery & flatware (except precious) mfg
3423 332212 42947 50388 0.852 Hand & edge tool mfg
3425 332213 9149 9149 1.000 Saw blade & handsaw mfg
3429 332439 4135 14922 0.277 Other metal container mfg
3429 332510 70884 74285 0.954 Hardware mfg
3429 332919 750 18739 0.040 Other metal valve & pipe fitting mfg
3431 332998 9994 9994 1.000 Enameled iron & metal sanitary ware mfg
3432 332913 16202 16202 1.000 Plumbing fixture fitting & trim mfg
3432 332999 474 79070 0.006 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 3433 333414 22495 24666 0.912 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) mfg 3441 332312 84704 93433 0.907 Fabricated structural metal mfg
3442 332321 72970 74944 0.974 Metal window & door mfg
3443 333415 339 119795 0.003 AC & warm air heating & commercial/industrial refrig equip mfg 3443 332420 33704 33704 1.000 Metal tank (heavy gauge) mfg
3443 332313 25453 25453 1.000 Plate work mfg
3443 332410 27542 27542 1.000 Power boiler & heat exchanger mfg
3444 332322 129826 129826 1.000 Sheet metal work mfg
3444 332439 2074 14922 0.139 Other metal container mfg
3446 332323 30960 34391 0.900 Ornamental & architectural metal work mfg
3448 332311 25946 25946 1.000 Prefabricated metal building & component mfg 3449 332114 15219 15219 1.000 Custom roll forming
3449 332312 8729 93433 0.093 Fabricated structural metal mfg
3449 332321 1974 74944 0.026 Metal window & door mfg
3449 332323 349 34391 0.010 Ornamental & architectural metal work mfg
3451 332721 80404 80404 1.000 Precision turned product mfg
3452 332722 52995 52995 1.000 Bolt, nut, screw, rivet, & washer mfg
3462 332111 26432 26432 1.000 Iron & steel forging
3463 332112 9129 9129 1.000 Nonferrous forging
3465 336370 126905 126905 1.000 Motor vehicle metal stamping
3466 332115 4682 4682 1.000 Crown & closure mfg
3469 332116 93086 93086 1.000 Metal stampingArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 98 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 98 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

3469 332214 7724 7724 1.000 Kitchen utensil, pot, & pan mfg
3471 332813 74640 74640 1.000 Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, & coloring

Part of Misc. Degreasing and Sheet, Strip & Coil Surface Coating

3479 332812 55904 55904 1.000 Metal coating/engraving (exc jewelry/silverware)/allied services 3479 339911 79 34773 0.002 Jewelry (except costume) mfg
3479 339912 103 6459 0.016 Silverware & plated ware mfg
3479 339914 29 14573 0.002 Costume jewelry & novelty mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing

3482 332992 6863 6863 1.000 Small arms ammunition mfg
3483 332993 9427 9427 1.000 Ammunition (except small arms) mfg
3484 332994 9907 9907 1.000 Small arms mfg
3489 332995 12285 12285 1.000 Other ordnance & accessories mfg
3491 332911 53459 53459 1.000 Industrial valve mfg
3492 332912 37132 37132 1.000 Fluid power valve & hose fitting mfg
3493 332611 5381 5381 1.000 Spring (heavy gauge) mfg
3494 332919 17652 18739 0.942 Other metal valve & pipe fitting mfg
3494 332999 564 79070 0.007 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 3495 332612 18798 18798 1.000 Spring (light gauge) mfg
3495 334518 175 6333 0.028 Watch, clock, & part mfg
3496 332618 41821 46174 0.906 Other fabricated wire product mfg
3497 332999 5648 79070 0.071 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 3497 322225 4967 4967 1.000 Laminated aluminum foil mfg for flexible packaging uses 3498 332996 29364 29364 1.000 Fabricated pipe & pipe fitting mfg
3499 332439 2331 14922 0.156 Other metal container mfg
3499 332510 3401 74285 0.046 Hardware mfg
3499 332919 375 18739 0.020 Other metal valve & pipe fitting mfg
3499 332999 63736 79070 0.806 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 3499 337215 1295 75382 0.017 Showcase, partition, shelving, & locker mfg
3499 339914 568 14573 0.039 Costume jewelry & novelty mfg
3499 332117 10760 10760 1.000 Powder metallurgy part mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 99 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 99 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

Part of Misc. Degreasing and Machinery & Equipment Surface Coating

3511 333611 19529 19529 1.000 Turbine & turbine generator set unit mfg
3519 333618 56338 56348 1.000 Other engine equipment mfg
3519 336399 896 174465 0.005 All other motor vehicle parts mfg
3523 332212 60 50388 0.001 Hand & edge tool mfg
3523 333922 320 39599 0.008 Conveyor & conveying equipment mfg
3523 333111 66370 66370 1.000 Farm machinery & equipment mfg
3523 332323 3082 34391 0.090 Ornamental & architectural metal work mfg
3524 332212 60 50388 0.001 Hand & edge tool mfg
3524 333112 28617 28617 1.000 Lawn & garden tractor & home lawn & garden equipment mfg 3531 333120 74965 74965 1.000 Construction machinery mfg
3531 333923 10263 18014 0.570 Overhead traveling crane, hoist, & monorail system mfg 3531 336510 2379 34012 0.070 Railroad rolling stock mfg
3532 333131 13547 13547 1.000 Mining machinery & equipment mfg
3533 333132 29451 29451 1.000 Oil & gas field machinery & equipment mfg
3534 333921 9442 9442 1.000 Elevator & moving stairway mfg
3535 333922 39279 39599 0.992 Conveyor & conveying equipment mfg
3536 333923 7751 18014 0.430 Overhead traveling crane, hoist, & monorail system mfg 3537 333924 25953 25953 1.000 Industrial truck, tractor, trailer, & stacker machinery mfg 3537 332439 64 14922 0.004 Other metal container mfg
3537 332999 240 79070 0.003 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 3541 333512 28849 29371 0.982 Machine tool (metal cutting types) mfg
3542 333513 14185 14185 1.000 Machine tool (metal forming types) mfg
3543 332997 7959 7959 1.000 Industrial pattern mfg
3544 333511 48657 48657 1.000 Industrial mold mfg
3544 333514 80113 80113 1.000 Special die & tool, die set, jig, & fixture mfg
3545 332212 6379 50388 0.127 Hand & edge tool mfg
3545 333515 47925 47925 1.000 Cutting tool & machine tool accessory mfg
3546 333991 16816 16816 1.000 Power-driven handtool mfg
3547 333516 4149 4149 1.000 Rolling mill machinery & equipment mfg
3548 335311 0 26638 0.000 Power, distribution, & specialty transformer mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 100 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 100 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

3548 333992 22434 22505 0.997 Welding & soldering equipment mfg
3549 333518 19023 19023 1.000 Other metalworking machinery mfg
3552 333292 13600 13600 1.000 Textile machinery mfg
3553 333210 9117 9117 1.000 Sawmill & woodworking machinery mfg
3554 333291 18594 18594 1.000 Paper industry machinery mfg
3555 333293 17500 21000 0.833 Printing machinery & equipment mfg
3556 333294 19026 19026 1.000 Food product machinery mfg
3559 333319 2890 56910 0.051 Other commercial & service industry machinery mfg 3559 333220 18574 18574 1.000 Plastics & rubber industry machinery mfg
3559 333295 40087 40087 1.000 Semiconductor machinery mfg
3559 333298 53046 53106 0.999 All other industrial machinery mfg
3561 333911 36552 36552 1.000 Pump & pumping equipment mfg
3562 332991 36991 36991 1.000 Ball & roller bearing mfg
3563 333912 24821 24821 1.000 Air & gas compressor mfg
3564 333411 16183 16183 1.000 Air purification equipment mfg
3564 333412 13723 13723 1.000 Industrial & commercial fan & blower mfg
3565 333993 31581 31581 1.000 Packaging machinery mfg
3566 333612 16231 16231 1.000 Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, & gear mfg 3567 333994 17585 17585 1.000 Industrial process furnace & oven mfg
3568 333613 21604 21604 1.000 Mechanical power transmission equipment mfg 3569 333999 50088 61151 0.819 All other miscellaneous general-purpose machinery mfg 3571 334111 100115 100115 1.000 Electronic computer mfg
3572 334112 42364 42364 1.000 Computer storage device mfg
3575 334113 5764 5764 1.000 Computer terminal mfg
3577 334119 87253 93970 0.929 Other computer peripheral equipment mfg
3578 333313 966 14831 0.065 Office machinery mfg
3578 334119 6717 93970 0.071 Other computer peripheral equipment mfg
3579 333313 13865 14831 0.935 Office machinery mfg
3579 334518 750 6333 0.118 Watch, clock, & part mfg
3579 339942 1234 7990 0.154 Lead pencil & art good mfg
3581 333311 8178 8178 1.000 Automatic vending machine mfg
3582 333312 4523 4523 1.000 Commercial laundry, drycleaning, & pressing machine mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 101 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 101 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

3585 333415 119456 119795 0.997 AC & warm air heating & commercial/industrial refrig equip mfg 3585 336391 21522 21522 1.000 Motor vehicle air-conditioning mfg
3586 333913 6824 6824 1.000 Measuring & dispensing pump mfg
3589 333319 44172 56910 0.776 Other commercial & service industry machinery mfg 3592 336311 17518 17518 1.000 Carburetor, piston, piston ring, & valve mfg
3593 333995 23062 23062 1.000 Fluid power cylinder & actuator mfg
3594 333996 15482 15482 1.000 Fluid power pump & motor mfg
3596 333997 4871 4871 1.000 Scale & balance (except laboratory) mfg
3599 332710 290951 290951 1.000 Machine shops
3599 332999 4199 79070 0.053 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 3599 333319 1335 56910 0.023 Other commercial & service industry machinery mfg 3599 333999 11063 61151 0.181 All other miscellaneous general-purpose machinery mfg Part of Misc. & Electronic Degreasing and Part of Electrical Insulation Surface Coating

3612 335311 26638 26638 1.000 Power, distribution, & specialty transformer mfg Part of Misc. & Electronic Degreasing

3613 335313 41291 41291 1.000 Switchgear & switchboard apparatus mfg
3621 335312 71112 74666 0.952 Motor & generator mfg
3624 335991 10887 10887 1.000 Carbon & graphite product mfg
3625 335314 68365 68365 1.000 Relay & industrial control mfg
3629 335999 18682 44754 0.417 All other miscellaneous electrical equipment & component mfg Part of Misc. & Electronic Degreasing and Appliance Surface Coating

3631 335221 17543 17543 1.000 Household cooking appliance mfg
3632 335222 24597 24597 1.000 Household refrigerator & home freezer mfg
3633 335224 14801 14801 1.000 Household laundry equipment mfg
3634 333414 2171 24666 0.088 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) mfg 3634 335211 17058 17058 1.000 Electric housewares & household fan mfg
3635 335212 10537 10537 1.000 Household vacuum cleaner mfg
3639 333298 60 53106 0.001 All other industrial machinery mfg
3639 335212 0 10537 0.000 Household vacuum cleaner mfg
3639 335228 13309 13309 1.000 Other major household appliance mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 102 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 102 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

Part of Misc. & Electronic Degreasing

3641 335110 15903 15903 1.000 Electric lamp bulb & part mfg
3643 335931 44907 44907 1.000 Current-carrying wiring device mfg
3644 335932 23540 23540 1.000 Noncurrent-carrying wiring device mfg
3645 335121 16395 17685 0.927 Residential electric lighting fixture mfg
3646 335122 23090 23090 1.000 Commercial/industrial/institutional electric lighting fixture mfg 3647 336321 16506 16506 1.000 Vehicular lighting equipment mfg
3648 335129 18274 18282 1.000 Other lighting equipment mfg
3651 334310 31727 31727 1.000 Audio & video equipment mfg
3652 334612 16598 25554 0.650 Prerecorded CD (except software), tape, & record reproducing
3661 334210 104262 104262 1.000 Telephone apparatus mfg
3661 334416 63 19431 0.003 Electronic coil, transformer, & other inductor mfg 3661 334418 6083 111054 0.055 Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) mfg 3663 334220 148156 164461 0.901 Radio & TV broadcasting & wireless communications equipment mfg 3669 334290 25187 25187 1.000 Other communications equipment mfg
3671 334411 21976 21976 1.000 Electron tube mfg
3672 334412 76702 76702 1.000 Bare printed circuit board mfg
3674 334413 199497 199497 1.000 Semiconductor & related device mfg
3675 334414 18882 18882 1.000 Electronic capacitor mfg
3676 334415 11964 11964 1.000 Electronic resistor mfg
3677 334416 19178 19431 0.987 Electronic coil, transformer, & other inductor mfg 3678 334417 37232 37232 1.000 Electronic connector mfg
3679 336322 12786 95491 0.134 Other motor vehicle electrical & electronic equipment mfg 3679 334220 16305 164461 0.099 Radio & TV broadcasting & wireless communications equipment mfg 3679 334418 104971 111054 0.945 Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) mfg 3679 334419 92200 92200 1.000 Other electronic component mfg
3691 335911 23288 23288 1.000 Storage battery mfg
3692 335912 8917 8917 1.000 Primary battery mfg
3694 336322 52216 95491 0.547 Other motor vehicle electrical & electronic equipment mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 103 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 103 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

3695 334613 21345 21345 1.000 Magnetic & optical recording media mfg
3699 333992 71 22505 0.003 Welding & soldering equipment mfg
3699 335999 26072 44754 0.583 All other miscellaneous electrical equipment & component mfg 3699 335129 8 18282 0.000 Other lighting equipment mfg
3699 334519 29 33933 0.001 Other measuring & controlling device mfg
3699 334516 159 38359 0.004 Analytical laboratory instrument mfg
3699 334119 0 93970 0.000 Other computer peripheral equipment mfg
3699 334510 542 54385 0.010 Electromedical & electrotherapeutic apparatus mfg 3699 339114 0 18072 0.000 Dental equipment & supplies mfg
3699 333512 522 29371 0.018 Machine tool (metal cutting types) mfg
3699 333319 8513 56910 0.150 Other commercial & service industry machinery mfg 3699 333315 0 24707 0.000 Photographic & photocopying equipment mfg
3699 333314 56 20857 0.003 Optical instrument & lens mfg
3699 333293 175 21000 0.008 Printing machinery & equipment mfg
3699 333292 0 13600 0.000 Textile machinery mfg
3699 332212 424 50388 0.008 Hand & edge tool mfg
3699 334511 604 188161 0.003 Search, detection, navigation, & guidance instrument mfg 3699 333618 10 56348 0.000 Other engine equipment mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing and New Automobile Surface Coating

3711 336992 375 5788 0.065 Military armored vehicle, tank, & tank component mfg 3711 336111 114060 114060 1.000 Automobile mfg
3711 336112 94033 94033 1.000 Light truck & utility vehicle mfg
3711 336120 28214 28214 1.000 Heavy duty truck mfg
3711 336211 404 43384 0.009 Motor vehicle body mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing and Part of Ot her Transportation Equipment Surface Coating
3713 336211 41779 43384 0.963 Motor vehicle body mfg
3714 336312 81368 81368 1.000 Gasoline engine & engine parts mfg
3714 336322 30489 95491 0.319 Other motor vehicle electrical & electronic equipment mfg 3714 336330 48944 48944 1.000 Motor vehicle steering & suspension component (except spring) mfg 3714 336340 43132 43132 1.000 Motor vehicle brake system mfg
3714 336350 111954 111954 1.000 Motor vehicle transmission & power trainArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 104 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 104 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

parts mfg 3714 336399 173569 174465 0.995 All other motor vehicle parts mfg
3714 336211 1201 43384 0.028 Motor vehicle body mfg
3715 336212 30678 30678 1.000 Truck trailer mfg
3716 336213 18086 18086 1.000 Motor home mfg
3721 336411 200961 200961 1.000 Aircraft mfg
3724 336412 82557 82557 1.000 Aircraft engine & engine parts mfg
3728 332912 0 37132 0.000 Fluid power valve & hose fitting mfg
3728 336413 127729 127729 1.000 Other aircraft part & auxiliary equipment mfg
3728 333995 0 23062 0.000 Fluid power cylinder & actuator mfg
3728 333996 0 15482 0.000 Fluid power pump & motor mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing and Marine Surface Coating

3731 336611 97385 97385 1.000 Ship building & repairing
3732 336612 41422 41422 1.000 Boat building
3732 811490 9454 65213 0.145 Other personal & household goods repair & maintenance Part of Misc. Degreasing and Part of Ot her Transportation Equipment Surface Coating
3743 333911 0 36552 0.000 Pump & pumping equipment mfg
3743 336510 31633 34012 0.930 Railroad rolling stock mfg
3751 336991 17158 17218 0.997 Motorcycle, bicycle, & parts mfg
3761 336414 52158 52158 1.000 Guided missile & space vehicle mfg
3764 336415 18540 18540 1.000 Guided missile & space vehicle propulsion unit & parts mfg 3769 336419 6110 6110 1.000 Other guided missile & space vehicle parts & auxiliary equip mfg 3792 336214 20112 33352 0.603 Travel trailer & camper mfg
3795 336992 5415 5788 0.936 Military armored vehicle, tank, & tank component mfg 3799 336214 13240 33352 0.397 Travel trailer & camper mfg
3799 336999 19466 19466 1.000 All other transportation equipment mfg
3799 332212 60 50388 0.001 Hand & edge tool mfg Part of Misc. Degreasing

3812 334511 187557 188161 0.997 Search, detection, navigation, & guidance instrument mfg 3821 339111 18253 18253 1.000 Laboratory apparatus & furniture mfg
3822 334512 21450 21450 1.000 Automatic environmental control mfg
3823 334513 49196 49196 1.000 Industrial process control instrument mfgArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 105 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 105 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

3824 334514 17390 17390 1.000 Totalizing fluid meter & counting device mfg
3825 334416 190 19431 0.010 Electronic coil, transformer, & other inductor mfg 3825 334515 63332 63332 1.000 Electricity measuring & testing instrument mfg 3826 334516 38200 38359 0.996 Analytical laboratory instrument mfg
3827 333314 20801 20857 0.997 Optical instrument & lens mfg
3829 339112 521 107819 0.005 Surgical & medical instrument mfg
3829 334519 33904 33933 0.999 Other measuring & controlling device mfg
3841 339112 107298 107819 0.995 Surgical & medical instrument mfg
3842 322121 375 120176 0.003 Paper (except newsprint) mills
3842 322291 2236 21791 0.103 Sanitary paper product mfg
3842 334510 6722 54385 0.124 Electromedical & electrotherapeutic apparatus mfg 3842 339113 82390 85315 0.966 Surgical appliance & supplies mfg
3843 339114 18072 18072 1.000 Dental equipment & supplies mfg
3844 334517 14276 14276 1.000 Irradiation apparatus mfg
3845 334510 47121 54385 0.866 Electromedical & electrotherapeutic apparatus mfg 3851 339115 26366 26366 1.000 Ophthalmic goods mfg
3861 325992 38935 38935 1.000 Photographic film, paper, plate, & chemical mfg 3861 333315 24707 24707 1.000 Photographic & photocopying equipment mfg
3873 334518 5646 6333 0.892 Watch, clock, & part mfg
3911 339911 34694 34773 0.998 Jewelry (except costume) mfg
3914 332211 101 11230 0.009 Cutlery & flatware (except precious) mfg
3914 339912 6356 6459 0.984 Silverware & plated ware mfg
3915 339913 5396 5396 1.000 Jewelers' material & lapidary work mfg
3931 339992 13411 13411 1.000 Musical instrument mfg
3942 339931 3393 3393 1.000 Doll & stuffed toy mfg
3944 336991 60 17218 0.003 Motorcycle, bicycle, & parts mfg
3944 339932 29622 29622 1.000 Game, toy, & children's vehicle mfg
3949 339920 69664 69664 1.000 Sporting & athletic goods mfg
3951 339941 8394 8394 1.000 Pen & mechanical pencil mfg
3952 339942 5815 7990 0.728 Lead pencil & art good mfg
3952 337127 187 38218 0.005 Institutional furniture mfg
3952 325998 0 35915 0.000 All other miscellaneous chemical product &Area Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 106 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 106 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

preparation mfg 3953 339943 7831 7831 1.000 Marking device mfg
3955 339944 5923 5923 1.000 Carbon paper & inked ribbon mfg
3961 339914 13976 14573 0.959 Costume jewelry & novelty mfg
3965 339993 7500 7842 0.956 Fastener, button, needle, & pin mfg
3991 339994 13882 16826 0.825 Broom, brush, & mop mfg
3993 339950 82956 82956 1.000 Sign mfg
3995 339995 6962 6962 1.000 Burial casket mfg
3996 326192 5614 6070 0.925 Resilient floor covering mfg
3999 323119 0 33016 0.000 Other commercial printing
3999 337127 329 38218 0.009 Institutional furniture mfg
3999 335121 1216 17685 0.069 Residential electric lighting fixture mfg

3999 332999 3231 79070 0.041 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 3999 332212 750 50388 0.015 Hand & edge tool mfg
3999 326199 3141 526382 0.006 All other plastics product mfg
3999 325998 572 35915 0.016 All other miscellaneous chemical product & preparation mfg 3999 314999 2167 64480 0.034 All other miscellaneous textile product mills
3999 323113 0 72221 0.000 Commercial screen printing
3999 339999 60397 74137 0.815 All other miscellaneous mfg
3999 316110 329 15317 0.021 Leather & hide tanning & finishing
3999 321999 0 43839 0.000 All other miscellaneous wood product mfg
3999 322299 0 24302 0.000 All other converted paper product mfg
3999 323110 0 415117 0.000 Commercial lithographic printing
3999 323111 0 23260 0.000 Commercial gravure printing
3999 323112 0 30588 0.000 Commercial flexographic printing Part of Misc. Open Top Degreasing & Auto Repair Cold Cleaning

4173 488490 220 7480 0.029 Other support activities for road transportation
4231 488490 120 7480 0.016 Other support activities for road transportation
5511 441110 1046243 1046243 1.000 New car dealers
5521 441120 92752 92752 1.000 Used car dealers
5541 447190 69640 308105 0.226 Other gasoline stations
5541 447110 432935 613957 0.705 Gasoline stations with convenience stores
5541 447190 238465 308105 0.774 Other gasoline stationsArea Sources Emissions Inventory Documentation 107 The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 8-Hour Ozone Appendix C North Carolina Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration November 30, 2009 107 SIC NAICS SIC Employees 1997 NAICS Employees ‘1997 Employee Fraction NAICS description

5551 441222 35134 35134 1.000 Boat dealers
5561 441210 29463 29463 1.000 Recreational vehicle dealers
7532 811121 192853 205172 0.940 Automotive body, paint, & interior repair & maintenance 7532 811121 6507 205172 0.032 Automotive body, paint, & interior repair & maintenance 7532 811121 5812 205172 0.028 Automotive body, paint, & interior repair & maintenance 7533 811112 23015 23015 1.000 Automotive exhaust system repair
7534 811198 2991 14780 0.202 All other automotive repair & maintenance
7534 326212 7939 7939 1.000 Tire retreading
7536 811122 29187 29187 1.000 Automotive glass replacement shops
7537 811113 29442 29442 1.000 Automotive transmission repair
7538 811111 290634 290634 1.000 General automotive repair

7539 811118 3954 42234 0.094 Other automotive mechanical & electrical repair & maintenance 7539 811118 4802 42234 0.114 Other automotive mechanical & electrical repair & maintenance 7539 811118 18216 42234 0.431 Other automotive mechanical & electrical repair & maintenance 7539 811118 6890 42234 0.163 Other automotive mechanical & electrical repair & maintenance 7539 811118 8372 42234 0.198 Other automotive mechanical & electrical repair & maintenance Dry Cleaning

7215 812310 53023 53023 1.000 Dry cleaning, coin operated
7216 812320 166208 203777 0.816 Dry cleaning, commercial