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NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v. DESEAN M. THOMPSON

Appellant : : : : : : : : : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 1776 EDA 2018 Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered May 25, 2018 In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County Criminal Division at

No(s): CP - 15 - CR - 0004424 - 2012 BEFORE: BOWES, J., DUBOW, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E. MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED JUNE 25 , 2019 Desean M. Thompson appeals from the order that denied his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). We affirm. The PCRA court summarized the history of this case as follows. [Appellant] was arrested and charged with five counts of rape by threat of forcible compulsion, four counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse by threat of forcible compulsion, five counts of sexual assault, two counts of aggravated indecent assault, five counts of indecent assault and one count of terroristic threats. These charges arose from [Appellant] ’ s assault on a 21 year old victim in a public park in Coatesville, Chester County, Pennsylvania, on August 5, 2012. [Appellant] and the victim, who did not know one anoth er prior to the night in question, met in a bar and then walked to Ash Park where [Appellant] repeatedly raped the victim and threatened her with the blade of a knife, over a period of several hours. Following a three day jury trial, on October 9, 2013 , [Appellant] was found guilty of all counts charged. On November 18, 2014, [Appellant] was sentenced to an aggregate sentence of 20 1⁄2 to 45 years imprisonment on five counts of rape and one count of terroristic threats. By o rder dated October 3, 2014, [Appellant] was determined to be a sexually violent predator

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pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.24, subject to the lifetime registration requirements under 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10 et seq . On December I, 2014, [Appellant] filed a post sentence motion . . . f or reconsideration and reduction of sentence and . . . challenging the sufficiency of evidence and . . . the weight of the evidenc e. By o rder dated February 2, 2015, [Appellant] ’ s motion for a new trial was denied ; however, [Appellant] ’ s motion for recons ideration of sentence was granted. On April 17, 2015, [Appellant] was sentenced to an aggregate sentence of 18 to 45 years incarceration on five counts of rape and one count of terroristic threats. . . . On February 2, 2016, the Superior Court affirmed [Appellant] ’ s sentence. [Appellant , through counsel, ] timely filed a PCRA [petition] on January 27, 2017 [,] alleging trial counsel was ineffective [ . ] PCRA Court Opinion, 5/2 5 /18 , at 1 - 2 (footnote and unnecessary capitalization omitted). After a hearing at which Appellant and trial counsel testified, the PCRA court denied Appellant ’ s petition by order and opinion of May 25, 2018. This timely appeal followed, and both Appellant and the PCRA court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. 1 

### Appellant presents this Co urt with the following questions: Was it error to deny the PCRA Petition which established that Appellant ’ s conviction and sentence resulted from the ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances of this particular case, so undermined the t ruth determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or i nnocence could have taken place[?] Specifically, Appellant alleges that the court should have found that Appellant suffered from the ineffective assistance of counsel in that:

_________________ ____________________ _______ 1 

### On February 18, 2019, Appellant filed in this Court a petition to supplement the record, as the notes of testimony from the PCRA hearings were not included in the certified record. This Court granted the petition by order filed March 5, 2019, and the tra nscripts were received on May 10, 2019.

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A. [Counsel should] have filed and litigated a motion to suppress Appellant ’ s statements after Appellant invoked his Fifth Amendment right to counsel by advising the interrogating detective that he desired an attorney. And Appellant requested this m otion to be filed by counsel and the failure to file such motion lacked any reasonable basis [.] B. [Counsel should] have objected and moved for a mistrial based on several references at trial, especially during the Commonwealth ’ s closing argument, to the fact tha t Appellant failed to speak with or come into the Coatesville Police Station to speak with Detective [Sean] Dowds during his investigation [.] C. [Counsel should] have objected to improper and unfounded expert testimony elicited from lay witnesses by the Commonwealth . Specifically: 1. Testimony presented by the SAFE nurse, Marvin Jackson [,] wherein he testified that there is often no bruising in the genital area and there have been studies comparing consensual versus nonconsensual sex which show that in 80 - 90% of the nonconsensual cases there will be no bruising in the genital area. This witness was not qualified as an expert in any field and had no basis to render the hearsay opinion he did regarding bruising; 2. Testimony presented by Coatesville Detective Sean Dowds when he testified as an expert regarding information available in cell phone records. Detective Dow[ds] testified that a phone record of any kind would not be able to corroborate whether or not a cell phone was dead or had power at an y given time. There was no foundation laid for this opinion and this testimony was improper [.] D. [Counsel should] have objected and moved for a mistrial based on the fact that Detective Dowds testified that he included information in his report and about his meeting at Ash Park with Mikea Hines, but that report was never turned over to the defense in vi olation of mandatory discovery[.] Appellant ’ s brief at 7 - 9 (citations and unnecessary capitalization omitted) .

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We begin with the legal tenets pertine nt to our review. “ Our standard of review for issues arising from the denial of PCRA relief is well - settled. We must determine whether the PCRA court ’ s ruling is supported by the record and free of legal error. ” Commonwealth v. Johnson , 179 A.3d 1153, 1 156 (Pa.Super. 2018) (internal quotation marks omitted). Further, “[i]t is an appellant ’ s burden to persuade us that the PCRA court erred and that relief is due.” Commonwealth v. Miner , 44 A.3d 684, 688 (Pa.Super. 2012). Appellant ’ s claims relate to a llegations that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance. Counsel is presumed to be effective, and a PCRA petitioner bears the burden of proving otherwise. Commonwealth v. Becker , 192 A.3d 106 , 112 (Pa.Super. 2018). To do so, the petitioner mus t plead and prove (1) the legal claim underlying his ineffectiveness claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel ’ s decision to act (or not) lacked a reasonable basis designed to effectuate the petitioner ’ s interests; and (3) prejudice resulted. Id . The failure to establish any prong is fatal to the claim. Id . at 113. “Boilerplate allegations and bald assertions of no reasonable basis and/or ensuing prejudice cannot satisfy a petitioner’s burden to prove that counsel was ineffective.” Commonwealth v. Sandusky , 203 A.3d 1033, 1044 (Pa.Super. 2019) (cleaned up). Rather, “where matters of strategy and tactics are concerned, counsel ’ s assistance is deemed constitutionally effective if he chose a particular course that had some reasonable basis designed to effectu ate his client ’ s interests. ” Becker , supra at 117 (internal quotation

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marks omitted). “ A finding that a chosen strategy lacked a reasonable basis is not warranted unless it can be concluded that an alternative not chosen offered a potential for success substantially greater than the course actually pursued. ” Id . (internal quotation marks omitted). In order to satisfy the prejudice prong, “the petitioner must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel ’ s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the proceeding.” Commonwealth v. King , 57 A.3d 607, 613 (Pa. 2012). With these principles in mind, we tu rn to the claims of error presented by Appellant. First, Appellant argues that the PCRA court erred in denying his claim that trial counsel , Loreen M. Kemps, Esquire, was ineffective in failing to move to suppress his statements made to police after Appel lant had invoked his right to counsel. Appellant’s brief at 21 - 27. The PCRA court addressed Appellant’s contention as follows.

Even if we were to determine that [Appellant’s] argument has merit, a reasonable basis existed for not filing a suppression motion. It was established by the testimony of Ms. Kemps that the defense, from the beginning, was that [Appellant] and the victim had engaged in consensual intercourse. The only way to present this evidence to the jury would be through this recorded in terview or through [Appellant] ’ s testimony. Ms. Kemps testified that the better strategy would be to allow the statement into evidence and [Appellant] would not have to testify. Ms. Kemps testified that she was not confident that [Appellant] could withst and cross examination. . . . Ms. Kemps was not willing to take that risk; therefore, as part of her trial strategy, she did not file a suppression motion and allowed the statement to be entered into evidence. The jury was able to hear the facts as presented

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by [Appellant] , without putting [Appellant] on the witness stand. Ms. Kemps testified that she explained this strategy to [Appellant] on more than on e occasion. [Appellant] testified that it was his decisi on alone not to testify at trial. Therefore, because trial counsel had a reasonable basis for not pursuing a motion to suppress, [Appellant] ’ s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is without merit. PCRA Court Opinion, 5/25/18, at 10 - 11. We discern no reason to disturb the PCRA court’s determination. The record supports its recitation of the facts. See N.T . PCRA Hearing, 4/4/18, at 22 - 26 (trial counsel testifying that the admission of the statement was the best way to present Appellant’s claim of c onsent , as well as to demonstrate his cooperation with the police investigation, as the statement contained the information she would have elicited from Appellant if he testified, but he would not be exposed to hostile cross examination ); N.T. Trial, 10/9/ 13, at 81 - 88 (Officer Dowd testifying to Appellant’s description of a consensual encounter). C ounsel’s decision was reasonably designed to effectuate Appellant’s interests. See Commonwealth v. Rosario , 652 A.2d 354, 367 ( Pa.Super. 1994) (“W e cannot say that counsel was ineffective for failing to seek suppression of appellant ’ s statement . . . regardless of how it was obtained, in light of the fact that it formed the basis for his defense. ”). Moreover, Appellant’s bald claims of prejudice do not satisfy his burden of establishing that the result of the trial would have been different had the statement not been entered to further his consent defense. Accordingly, no relief is due on this issue.

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Next, Appellant contends that the PCRA court erroneously deni ed his claim that trial counsel rendered constitutionally - deficient performance in failing to move for a mistrial when Detective Dowds made references to Appellant’s pre - arrest silence “as a tacit admission of guilt.” Appellant’s brief at 28. Appellant r elies upon our Supreme Court’s plurality decision in Commonwealth v. Molina , 104 A.3d 430 ( Pa. 2014) (OAJC), that “ the use of pre - arrest silence as substantive evidence of guilt violates a non - testifying defendant ’ s constitutional rights .” Id . at 432. T he PCRA court concluded that, unlike the defendant in Molina , Appellant never refused to speak with Detective Dowds, but rather was the one who initiated contact and told the detective that he wanted to talk with him when Appellant returned to Coatesville from Philadelphia. PCRA Court Opinion, 5/25/18, at 14. The court thus found Molina distinguishable in that Appellant never invoked his right to remain silent. Id . at 15 . The PCRA court further determined that trial counsel acted reasonably in deciding to use the testimony about Appellant’s contact with the police elicited on cross examination to support his theory of the case: that he had engaged in consensual sex with the victim and cooperated with law enforcement. Id . at 14 - 15. The trial testimony in question is as follows: Q And can you please tell the jury when and how you first attempted to interview the [Appellant] ?

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A I had heard that the [Appellant] had left town. I requested first to his girlfrie n d, Ashley Harris, if she would please have him call me. I also attempted to call him. He actually called me back. I spoke with him, I asked him to come in and speak with me so that I could interview him regarding the sexual assault. Q When he called you back again, can you tell the jury when y ou first made phone contact with [Appellant] ? A I believe I first made phone contact with him September 10th. Q Okay. And when you made phone contact with him on September 10th, what did you tell him? A I asked him if he would please come in and tal k to me about the events that happened on August 4th and 5th of 2012. Q And in the course of those conversations, did [Appellant] give you any indication that he knew what you were talking about, that he knew what events that you wanted to talk to him that occurred in August? A He did. Q What did he tell you in this phone conversation? A He told me that he had met a girl at the Kool Bar, he was intoxicated, he was high on wet, and he doesn ’ t remember exactly what happened but knows he didn ’ t rape that girl. Q And after he told you that, what did you ask him to do? A I asked him to come in and tell me his story. Q And did the [Appellant] tell you where he was when you were on the phone? A He did. Q Where did he say he was at that point? A In Philadelphia.

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Q After you spoke to the [Appellant] on September 10th, 2012, did he come in to tell you what had happened? A No, he did not. Q Did you make any efforts to -- fu rther efforts to reach out to him? A I did. Q Can you describe that to the jury. A I called him another time and asked him to come in and speak with me. I said I hadn ’ t talked to him for a while, I thought he was going to come in and speak with me, and that I was trying to make another attempt to get him to come. Q And what was the [Appellant] ’ s reaction to that? Did he come right away? A No, he did not. Q What did he tell you in terms of coming in? A He said he needed to speak to an attorney. He would come in sometime in October, I believe. Q And in October did the [Appellant] come in and speak to you? A No, he did not. Q At some point were you finally able to speak to the [Appellant] ? A I was. Q And can you tell the jury how it was that you were finally able to speak to the [Appellant] ? A I spoke to him after we picked him up on the warrant that I filed.

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Q And do you recall and can you tell the jury what date it was that he was arrested on that warrant? A I believe it was November 19th, 2012. N.T. Trial, 10/9/ 13 , at 76 - 78 . Cou nsel wove the testimony into closing arguments, advocating as follows: [Appellant] goes back to the same bar the very next day with a friend of his. . . . While he is there somebody comes in and that is the first he hears anything about a possible rape. Does he deny being in the park? No. He says, according to his statement, I didn ’ t rape that girl. I didn ’ t rape that girl. He calls the police when asked to. If you follow the sequence, the police tell [Appellant’s] ex girlfriend or girlfriend, to call him. At some point he calls them. He says he wants to come in. Says he is not in the Coatesville area, but he gives them a telephone number as to where he can be reached. They don ’ t say to him right then and there we have a warrant for your arrest, you have to come in. There is no testimony to that effect. H e says he needs to get back to Coatesville. He is not in Coatesville at that time. He is not hiding where he is. The Detective calls him two weeks later on the number that he gave. He answers the phone and, again, he talks to the Detective. There is n o indication here that there were a series of phone calls that weren ’ t returned, that there were attempts or hang - ups or that they had to track down other numbers. And, again, he says I’ll probably be back in October. I want to come in and talk to you. And he is doing what the logical thing would be, I submit to yo u, hoping to get money for an attorney to help him because he believes there may be some accusations that are going to be filed against him. N.T. Trial, 10/9/ 13, at 125 - 26.

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Appellant has failed to convince us that the PCRA court abused its discretion in denying this claim . The testimony at issue contains no indication that Appellant invoked his right to remain silent by refusing to speak to the police. Cf. Molina , supra at 433 (“ I asked him if he could come into our office and sit down and talk with me about the case, and he refused. He said he refused to come in. ”). Further, given counsel’s use of the testimony to support Appellant’s trial strategy, Appellant failed to es tablish the lack - of - a reasonable - basis prong of the claim. No relief is due. Appellant’s remaining issues concern trial counsel’s failure to object to expert testimony offered by lay witnesses , and the Commonwealth’s failure to turn over a report covered by mandatory discovery. Appellant’s brief at 35 - 44. Upon a review of the certified record, the parties ’ briefs and the relevant law, we discern no abuse of discretion on the part of the PCRA court as to these issues, and we affirm the order denying his P CRA claims on the basis of the opinion that the Honorable Jacqueline C. Cody entered on May 25 , 2018. See PCRA Court Opinion, 5/25/18, at 16 - 20 (discussing Appellant’s failure to establish the prejudice prong regarding the claim that counsel should have o bjected to improper expert testimony); id . at 22 - 26 (explaining that Appellant failed to prove that the outcome would have been different had counsel objected to a discovery violation , as the report at issue was consistent with the evidence at trial ).

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As Appellant has not met his burden of convincing this Court that the PCRA court’s rulings were the product of an abuse of discretion or an error of law warranting relief from this Court, see M iner , supra at 688, we affirm the order denying his petition. O rder affirmed. Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 6/25/19Circulated 05/31/2019 03:12 PM



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· f c o un s el , D e fe n d an t mu s t p ro v e th e f o ll o w i n g 3 el e m e n t s a s s e t fo rth i n ( : o mrn_g rrw c a l! h v . P i e r c e , 5 l 5 P a . 1 5 3 , 5 2 7 A. � d 9 7 3 , 9 7 5
- 7 6 ( 1 9 8 7 ) :



### . 1 

### ! . (] ) T h e un d e r l y i n g l e g a l c l a i m h a s ar g u a b l e m e r i t ; ( 2 ) c o un s el h a d n o r e a s o n ab l e b a s i s f

o r h i s o r h e r a c t i o n o r i n a c t i o n ; an d ( 3 ) th e p e t i t i o n e r s u ff

e r c d p r e j u d i c e b e en u s e o f c o un s e l ' s i n e l f e c t i v e n e s s . 

### ( 9 1 n m o n\v e � !th
. Y ,.__ P o

_ Q

_ Q. y , 6 0 9 P a . 2 72 , 2 92 , 1 5 A
. 3 d 4 3 1 , 4 4 2 ( 2 0 1 1 ) ( c i t at i o n s o m i tt e d )
.

" T h e th r e s h o l d i n qu i r

y i n i n e ff e c t i v e n e s s c l a i m s i s w h e th e r th e i s s u e / ar g um e n t/t a c t i c w h i c h c o un s e l h a s fo r e g o n e an d w h i c h fo rm s th e b a s i s f

o r th e a s s e rt i o n o f' i n e ff

e c t i v e n e s s i s o f ar g u ab l e m e r i t C o m m o nw t aj_

th v . P i e r c e , 5 3 7 P a . 5 1 4 , 5 2 4 , 6 4 5 A
. 2 d 1 9 8 , I 9 4 ( 1 9 9 4 ) " c o un s e l c ann o t h e fo un d i n e ff e c t i v e lo r fo i l i n g t o p ur s u e a b a s e l e s s o r m er i t l c s s c l a i m . " C o mr ! w nw e a l th v . P o p l aw s k i , 8 5 2 I A
. 2 d l ::> J , . 'i 27 ( P a . S u p e r 2 0 0 4 '1. I · 1 

### C nnunnn . "°"
. "1 < . h y , ,T ay l o r , 9 13 A
. 2 d I O J 5
. I 0 4 I 

## - • r< ( P a . S u p e r . '.' 0 0 7 )

.W i th r e g ar d l o r e a s o n ab l e b a s i s , w e mu s t e x am i n e w h e th e r c o un s e l ' s a c t i o n s h a d
any r e a s o n ab l e b a s i s rath e r th an w h e th e r th e r e w a s a m o r e l o g i c a l co ur s e o f a c t i o n c o un s e l c o u l d h av e p ur s u e d
. P a d dy , a l 2 9 2 , 1 5 A
. J d a l 4 4 2
. I n o r d e r fo r a c h o s e n s trat e g y t o b e fo un d to h av e b e e n unr e a s o n ab l e , i t mu s t b e p ro v e n th at th e p ath n o t c h o s e n " o f f er e d a p o t e n t i a l f

o r s u c c e s s
s u b s t an t i a l l y g r ea t e r th at th e c o ur s e a c t u a l l y p ur s u e d
. " C o m m o nw c a lth

_v . M i ll e r , 6 0 5 P a . l , 1 8 , 9 8 7 A. 2 d 6 3 8 , 6 4 8
- 4 9 ( 2 0 0 9 ) ( c i t a t i o n o m i tt ed )
.



### In o r d e r t o p ro v e p r e

j u d i c e , " a d e fe n d an t mu s t s h o w th at b ut fo r c o un s e l ' s e rr o r, th e r e i s a r e a s o n ab l e p r o b ab i l i ty , i
. e . , a p r o b ab i l i ty th at un d e rm i n e s c o n fi d e n c e i n th e r e s u lt , th at th e o ut co m e o f th e p r o c e e d i n g w o u l d h av e b e e n d i ff e r e n t. " l\ l_ill � !: , at l , 1 8 , 9 8 7 ; \
. 2 d at 6 4 8 ( c i t a t i o n o m i tt e d)
. 

### If th e d e fe n d an t fo i l s t o s a t i s f y any o f th e s e th r e e e le m e n t s , th e c l a i m w i l l fa i l. I J.1 v l o

_r , at 1 0 4 I
. T. fa i l u r e t o F i l e M o t i o n t o S u p p r c s s : D e f e n d an t ar g u e s th at tr i a l c o un s e l w a s i n e f fe c t i v e fo r fo il i n g t o fi l e a M o t i o n t o S u p p r e s s th e s t a t e m e n t o f D e fe n d an t t o D et e c t i v e S c an D o w d s . S p e c i fi c a ll y , D ef e n d an t
c o n t e n d s th at i n c u l p at o r

y s t at e m e n t s m a d e b y h i m d ur i n g th e i n t e rv i e w w i th D e t e c t i v e D o w d s o n N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 1 2 w e r e a dm i tt e d i n t o e v i d e n c e d e s p i t e th e 

### fa ct th a t h e r e qu e s t e d c o un s e l. D e f e n d an t ar g u e s th at D e t e c t i v e D o w el s i g n o r e d h i s r e qu e s t fo r c o un s el an d c o n t i nu e d t o qu e s t i o n h i m w i th o ut c o un s e l. M o re o v e r , D e f e n d an t c o n t e n d s th at h e r e qu e s t e d a s u p p r e s s i o n
m o t i o n h e fi le d 

### b y t r i a l c o u ns el. /

T h e F i f th A m e n dm e n t r i g h t t o c o un s e l w a s r e c o g n i z e d i n _tv l i rnn d a v . A r i zo n a , 

### 3 8 4 1

. I U
. S 4 3 6 , 8 6 S
. C t . J 6 0 2 , 1 6 L. E cl
. 2 d 6 9 4 ( 1 96 6 )
. M i ran c:l a r e qu i r e s th a t an i n d i v i d u a l s ub j e c t t o 

# I

c u s t o d i a l i n t e rr o g at i o n mu s t b e i n fo rm e d o f h i s r i g h t l o r e m a i n s i l e n t an d h i s r i g h t t o th e p r e s e n c e 

# o r an att o rn e y . 

### M i rmy J J! , at 4 7 9 , 8 6 S
. C L at 1 6 3 0
.

4[ W J h e n an a c c u s e d h a s i n v o k e d h i s r i g h t t o h av e c o un s e l p r e s e n t d ur i n g c u s t o d i a l i n t e r

ro g at i o n , a v a l i d w a i v e r o f th a t r i g h t c ann o t b e e s t a b l i s h e d b y s h o w i n g o n l y th a t h e r e s p o n d e d t o 

### f urth e r p o l i c e i n i t i a t e d c u s t o d i a l i n t e r

ro g a t i o n e v e n 

### i f h e h a s b e e n a dv i s e d o f b i s ri g h t s . W e furth e r h o l d th a t an a c c u s e d , s u c h a s E dw ar d s , h av i n g e xp r e s s e d h i s d e s i r e t o d e a l w i th th e p o li c e o n l y th r o u g h c o un s e l , i s n o t s u b j e c t t o f urth e r i n t e rr o g at i o n b y th e au th o r i t i e s un t i l c o un s e l h a s b e e n m a d e av a i l ab l e t o h i m , un l e s s th e a c c u s e d h i m s el f i n i t i a t e s furth e r c o m mun i c at i o n , e x c h an g e s , o r c o n v e r s at i o n s w i th th e p o l i c e .

. . .. \V e . e mp h a s i z e th at 

### i t i s i n c o n s i s t e n t w i th 

### M i ran c \n an d i t s 

### p ro g e ny fo r th e auth o r i t i e s , 

### at th e i r i n s t an c e , t o r e i n t e rr o g are 

### an a c c u s e d i n c u s t o dy 

### i f h e h a s cl e arl y a s s e rt e d h i s r i g h t t o c o un s e l. 

### :!; Q � \1 9 D 1§

_ _ 

### y

_ ,

_ .l \ri z o n � , 4 5 1 U
. S
. 4 77 , 4 8 4
- 8 5 , 1 0 1 S
. C t. 1 8 8 0 , 1 8 8 4
- 8 5 , 

### 6 8 L. E d
. 2 d 3 78 ( 1 9 8 1 ) ( fn
. 8 o m i tt e d )
. T h e ru l e ann o un c e d i n 

### E dw ar d s e xp r e s s e s tw o d i ff e r e n t i n qu i r i e s . " F i rs t , 

### c o urt s
mu s t d e t e rm i n e w h e th e r th e a c c u s e d a c t u a l l y i n v o k e d h i s r i g h t t o c o un s e l.
. .. S e c o n d , 

### i f th e
a c c u s e d i n v o k e d h i s r i g h t t o c o un s e l , c o urt s m ay a dm i t h i s r e s p o n s e s t o f urth e r qu e s t i o n i n g o n l y
o n fi n d i n g th a t h e ( a ) i n i t i at e d f urth e r d i s c u s s i o n s w i th th e p o l i c e , an d ( b ) k n o w i n g l y an d i n t e ll i g e n t l y w a i v e d th e r i g h t h e h a d i n v o k e d
. " E dv { ar d s , at 4 8 5 , 4 8 6 n . 9 , 1 0 1 S
. Ct
. at 

# urn s n . 9
.

A d e fo n d an t m a y w a i v e h i s r i g h t s un d e r M i ran � i! an d a g r e e t o an s w e r qu e s t i o n s fr o m th e p o l i c e . A v a l i d w a i v e r 

### o f � fo : � n d a r i g h t s i s m a d e kn o w i n g l y , i n t e ll i g e n t l y an d
v o l un t ar i l y ( Q! l1 tl1 0 l1 \ � � _il l t b v . _12 ,c: ) e S ll. !? , 5 6 7 P a . 4 1 5, 3 0 1 , 78 7 A
. 7 d 3 9 1 1 , 4 0 2 ( 2 0 0 1) ( c i t at i o n s
o m i tt e d ) T h e w a i v e r mu s t b e " th e p r o d u c t o f a fr e e an d d e l i b e ra t e c h o i c e r a th e r th an i n t i m i d a t i o n , c o e r c i o n , o r d e c e p t i o n " an d " mu s t h av e b e e n m a d e w i th a fu ll aw ar e n e s s o f b o th th e n a t ur e o f th e r i g h t b e i n g a

b an d o n e d an d th e co n s e qu e n c e s o f th e d e c i s i o n t o a b an d o n i t. " 

### I

d

. T h e t o t a l i ty o f th e c i r c um s t an c e s s ur ro un d i n g th e w a i v e r w i ll b e co n s i d e r e d i n d e t e rm i n i n g
w h e th e r th e w a i v e r w a s v o l un t ar y . 

### I d

. S o m e o f th e fa c t o r s t o b e co n s i d e r e d i n c l u d e : th e d urat i o n an d m e an s 

# o r i n t e rr o g a t i o n ; th e d e fe n d an t ' s p h y s ic a l an d p s y c h o l o g i c a l s t a t e ; th e c o n d i t i o n s att e n d an t t o th e d e t e n t i o n ; th e a tt i t u d e

5e x h i b i t e d 

### hy th e p o l i c e d ur i n g th e i n t e rr o g at i o n : an d any o th e r fa c t o r s w h i c h m ay s e rv e t o dra i n o n e ' s p o w e r s o f r e s i s t an c e t o s u g g e s t i o n a n d c o e r c i o n . Id. W h e n d e t e rm i n i n g w h e th e r a d e fe n d ant h a s kn o w i n g l y an d i n t e l l i g e n t l y w a i v e d h i s r i g h t s un d e r M i ran d a , th e c o urt fo c u s e s o n th e d e fe n d an t ' s c o g n i t i v e p ro c e s s e s s u c h a s w h e th e r th e d e f e n d an t w a s aw ar e o f th e n at ur e o f th e c h o i c e th at h e m a d e i n
r e l i n qu i s h i n g b i s 

### f

v f i ra _!)

_ ! :!. f! r i g h t s . 

### C � o m m o n � ' e a l t b
...Y J2 i_S _t e fan Q , 78 2 A
. 2 d 5 7 4 ( P a . S u p e r. 2 0 0 1 )
. T h e C o m m o nw e a l th b e ar � th e b ur d e n o f e s t ab li s h i n g , b y p r e p o n d e ran c e o f th e e v i d e n c e , th at th e
w a i v e r w a s kn o w i n g an d i n t e l l i g e n t. � qrr 1 m o nw e a l th v . E d : w ar d s , 5 2 1 P a . 1 3 4 , 5 5 5 A
. 2 d 8 1 8 ( 1 9 8 9 )
. W h e th e r th e 

### w a i v e r w a s kn o w i n g , v o l un t ar y an d 

### i n t e lli g e n t i s t o b e m a d e w h i l e
c o n s i d e r i n g th e t o t a l i ty o f th e c i r c um s t an c e s . fd

. D e fe n d an t w a s i n t e rv i e w e d b y D e t e c t i v e S e an D o w d s o n N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 1 2 at th e- C i ty o f C o a t e s v i l l e P o l i c e D e p artm e n t . ( E x h i b i t C
- 96 A , p . l )
. T h e fo ll o w i n g e x c h an g e t o o k p l a c e b e tw e e n D e f

e n d an t an d O ffi c e r D o w d s : D e t . S c an D o w d s ( S D ) : A ll r i g h t , D e s e an uh , w h at I ' m g o nn a d o i s r e a d y o u y o ur M i r an d a r i g h t s , uh b e fo r e w e g e t i n t o th i s , a ll r i g h t ? D e s e an T h o mp s o n ( D T ) : A ll r i g h t. S D : P ur s u an t t o l aw , I am i n f o r m i n g y o u th at I am D e t e c t i v e D o w d s , th i s i s D e t e c t i v e W r i g h t , C o at e s v i ll e P o l i c e D e p artm e n t w e ' r e i n v e s t i g at i n g a ra

p e . Y o u h av e th e r i g h t t o r e m a i n s i l e n t , h o w e v e r i f y o u s ay any th i n g s u c h c an an d w i I l b e u s e d a g a i n s t y o u i n a c o urt o f l aw . D o y o u un d e r s t an d ? O T : Y e s , s i r. S D : Y o u h av e a r i g h t t o t a l k t o a l aw y e r b e fo r e an s w e r i n g any qu e s t i o n s an d h av e a l aw y e r w i th y o u b e fo r e an d d ur i n g qu e s t i o n i n g , d o y o u un d e r s t an d th i s ?

## I D T : Y e s , s i r . S D : If y o u c ann o t a f

f o r d a l aw y e r , y o u h av e th e r i g h t t o h av e a 

### fr e e l aw y e r a

p p o i n t e d 

### fo r y o u b e fo r e any qu e s t i o n s ar e a s k e d an d d ur i n g any qu e s t i o n i n g . T h i s fr e e l aw y e r i s o f n o e xp e n s e o r c o s t t o y o u . O T : 

### A n d w h e n · an d w h e n w o u l d th at b e a p p o i n t e d t o m e , h o w fa s t ? S D : Up o n y o ur r e qu e s t. 

### D T : l 

### n e e d o n e A S A P
. ( un i n t e l l i g i b l e ) S D : D o y o u un d e r s t an d th i s ? 

### D T : Y e ah
. S D : D ur i n g qu e s t i o n i n g y o u m ay s t o p a t any t i m e an d r e fu s e t o an s w e r any furth e r qu e s t i o n s d o y o u un d e r s t an d th i s ? D T : Y e s . S D : U n d e r s t an d i n g th e s e r i g h t s 

### an d h av i n g th e m i n m i n d , d o y o u w i s h t o g i v e u

p th e s e r i g h t s an d t a l k l o u s n o w ? D T I' l l t a l k t o y a , n o p r o b l c rn - l ' l l t a l k t o 

### y a . S D : S o , Y e s ? D T : Y e s . S D : A ll r i g h t , s i g n r i g h t th e r e 

### b y th e X
. ( E x h i b i t C · 96 A , p . l
- 2 )
.

D ur i n g th e P C R

A h e ar i n g , D e fe n d an t t e s t i fi e d th a t w h e n h e w a s i n t e rv i e w e d hy D c t e c t i v e D o w d s o n N o v c m b e r l 9 , 2 0 l 2 , h e i n fo rm e d th e d e t e ct ! v e th at h e n e e d e d a l aw y e r a s
s o o n a s p o s s i b l e , a lth o u g h h e te s t i fi e d th a t h e c o n t i nu e d t o s p eak w i th D e t e c t i v e D o w d s w i th o ut
c o un s e l p r e s e n t. D e fe n d an t f urth e r t e s t i fi e d th at h e a s k e d tr i a l c o un s e l. L o r e e n K e mp s , E s qu i r e , t o f i l e a m o t i o n t o s u

p p r e s s s t at e m e n t s m a d e t o D e t e c t i v e D o w d s . D e f e n d an t t e s t i fi e d th a t w h e n

7h e m e t M s . K e mp s at C h e s t e r C o un ty P r i s o n i n F e b r u ary o f 2 0 l 3 , s h e t o l d h i m th at s h e fo un d
s o m e th i n g i n t e r e s t i n g i n h i s s t at e m e n t an d m e n t i o n e d fi l i n g a m o t i o n t o s u p p r e s s a l th at l i m e . D e f e n d an t t e s t i fi e d th at h e s aw M s . K e mp s i n Ap r i l 2 0 1 3 an d d i d n o t s e e h e r d ur i n g th e s um m e r
o f 2 0 1 3
. D e f

e n d a n t t e s t i fi e d th at w h e n h e s aw M s . K e mp s i n Ap r i l , 2 0 1 3 , s h e i n fo rm e d h i m th a t
s h e w a s n ' t s ur e i f s h e w o u l d s t i l I b e h an d l i n g h i s c a s e b e c au s e o f c h an g e s i n th e o f fi c e o f th e P ub l i c D e f

e n d e r. D e f

e n d an t t e s t i fi e d h e r e c e i v e d a n o t i c e o f tr i a l i n Au g u s t o f 2 0 1 3 n o t i f y i n g h i m th at h e w a s n o w r e p r e s e n t e d b y S t e p h e n F
. D e lan o , E s qu i r e .

D e f e n d an t t e s t i fi e d th at h e d i d n o t s e c M s . K e mp s a g a i n un t i l O c t o b e r 2 0 1 3 , a p p ro x i m at el y a w e e k b e fo r e tr i a l w a s t o s t art. A t th at t i m e , D e fe n d an t le arn e d th a t a
s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n h a d n e v e r b e e n fi l e d
. D e fe n d an t t c s t i f i c d th at h e s p o k e w i th M s . K e mp s
r e g ar d i n g w h e th e r h e w o u l d 

### t e s t i f y a t tr i a l
. D e fe n d an t t e s t i fi e d th at M s . K e mp s t o l d h i m 

### i t w o u l d
n o t b e i n h i s b e s t i n t e r e s t s t o t e s t i f y a l tr i a l. D e fe n d an t f

urth e r t e s t i fi e d th at h e a g r e e d t o s p e ak w i th th e d et e c t i v e s an d s i g n e d th e c ar d e num e r a t i n g h i s r i g h t s un d e r 

### M i ranp a . A l th o u g h D e fe n d an t te s t i fi e d th at h e d i d n o t kn o w w h e th e r h e w ant e d t o t e s t i f y at tr i a l , h e d o e s r e c a l l t e l l i n g th e C o urt d ur i n g th e tr i a l th at h e d i d n o t w an t t o t e s t i f

y . D e fe n d an t t e s t i fi e d th at h e r e l ie d u p o n c o un s e l fo r h e r a dv i c e a s l o
w h e th e r o r n o t t o t e s t i f) ' a t tr i a l ; h o w e v e r , D e f e n d an t a c kn o w l e d g e d th a t i t w a s h i s d e c i s i o n
w h e th e r t o t e s t i f

y a t tr i a l. M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d d

ur i n g th e P C R

A h e ari n g th at a ft e r r e v i e wi n g th e d i s c o v e ry ,
s h e d e t e rm i n e d th at th i s w a s a ca s e o f c o n s e nt M s K e mp s t e s ( i fi � d th at th e s t a t e m e n t D e f e n d an t
m a d e t o D e t e c t i v e D o w d s w a s c o n s i s t e n t w i th th i s d e fe n s e . A l th o u g h M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th a t i n i t i a ll y , s h e g e n e ra l l y t o l d D e fe n d an t th at th e r e m ay b e an i s s u e w i th th e s t at e m e n t h e g av e t o D e t e c t i v e D o w d s , a t th at t i m e , s h e d i d n o t h av e a tran s c r i p t o 

## r th e s t a t e m e n t an d i n f o rm e d

8D ef e n d an t th a t th e r e m i g h t b e an i s s u e t o l o o k i n t o . M s , K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at s h e i n fo rm e d D e fe n d an t th at th e p o t e n t i a l t o fi l e a s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n w a s p r e s e n t ; h o w e v e r , s h e d i d n o t g u aran t e e th at th e e v i d e n c e w o u l d b e s u p p r e s s e d
. M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi c d th at th e b e s t tri a l s tra t e g y w o u l d h e fo r D e f e n d an t ' s
s t at e m e n t t o D e t e c t i v e D o w d s t o b e a dm i tt e d i n t o e v i d e n c e . M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th a t th e j ur y
n e e d e d t o h e ar th e 

### fa c t s a s s t at e d b y D e f e n d an t 

### i n o r d e r t o p u t fo rth th e d e f e n s e o f c o n s e n t. [ f D e fe n d an t ' s s t a t e m e n t w e r e s u p p r e s s e d , th e o n l y w ay t o g e t th o s e fa c t s i n t o e v i d e n c e w o u l d b e fo r D e f e n d an t t o t e s t i f

y. M s . K e mp s fe ar e d th a t 

### i f D e fe n d an t 

### t e s t i fi e d , h i s 

### t e s t i m o ny w o u l d n o t b e t o t a l l y c o n s i s t e n t w i th th e s t a t e m e n t t o D e t e c t i v e D o w d s . l f th at w e r e th e c a s e , th e C o m m o nw e a lth w o u l d b e p e rm i tt e d t o u s e th e s t a t e m e n t t o i mp e a ch th e D e fe n d an t o n c r o s s e x am i n a t i o n , w h i c h w o u l d s u g g e s t t o th e 

### j ur y th at D e fe n d an t w a s n o t tr u th fu l
. A dm i s s i o n o f th e
s t at e m e n t i n t o e v i d e n c e a s s ur e d th at th e r e w o u l d b e n o c ro s s e x am i n at i o n o f th e 

### s t at e m e n t at tr i a l 

# I I t o h i m th at th e d e fe n s e o f c o n s e n t c o u l d n o t b e e s t a b li s h e d w i th o u t th e fa c t s a s h e kn e w th e m an d th e s e fa ct s h a d l o b e p r e s e n t e d t o th e j ur y e i th e r th ro u g h h i s s t at e m e n t t o D e t e c t i v e D o w d s o r h i s t e s t i m o ny at tr i a l. M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at a l l o w i n g th e s t at e m e n t t o c o m e i n a s e v i d e n c e w o u l d b e th e h e lt e r tr i a l s tr at e g y an d a l l o w h e r t o m ak e th e ar g um e n t t o th e j ur y th at D e fe n d an t an d th e '
v i c t i m e n g a g e d i n c o n s e n s u a l s e x u a l i n t e r c o ur s e .

M s . K e mp s 

### f

urth e r t e s t i fi e d th at e ar l y o n i n th i s c a s e , D e fe n d an t d i d n o t s t a t e that h e w an t e d h e r t o fi l e a s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n . M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at a l th o u g h s h e d i d n o t m e e t
w i th D e f e n d an t i n th e s um m e r o f 2 0 1 3 , s h e d i d p ro v i d e dra ft s o f w i tn e s s i n t e rv i e w s t o D e fe n d an t. M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th a t s h e d i d s p e ak w i th D e fe n d an t d ur i n g th e p e r i o d b e tw e e n

9 M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at s h e m e t w i th D e fe n d an t a numb e r 

# o r t i m e s an d e xp l a i n e d :Ap r i l 2 0 13 an d th e fa l l o f 2 0 1 3 r e g ar d i n g th e i s s u e o f s u p p r e s s i o n . M s , K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at s h e
e xp l a i n e d t o D e fe n d an t h e r tr i a l s tra t e g y r e g ar d i n g s u p p r e s s i o n . M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th a t 

### i t i s
c o m m o n tr i a l s tr a t e g y n o t t o fi l e a s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n w h e r e , a s i n th i s c a s e , th e t e s t i m o ny c an b e p r e s e n t e d l o th e j ur

y w i th o u t th e d e fe n d an t t e s t i f y i n g at tr i a l. C o n trar y t o D e fe n d an t ' s ar g um e n t . h i s c l a i m l a c k s m e r i t. D ef e n d an t n e v e r i n v o k e d h i s r i g h t t o co un s e l. A l th o u g h D e fe n d an t a s k e d D e t e c t i v e D o w d s h o w qu i c k l y h e c o u l d g e t c o un s e l , h e n e v e r a s k e d t o h av e th e qu e s t i o n i n g s t o p p e d an d d i d n o t c e a s e co m mun i c at i n g
w i th D e l e e 

### t i v e D o w d s . D e t e c t i v e D o w d s a s k e d D e fe n d an t 

### i f h e un d e rs t o o d h i s r i g h t s an d D e fe n d an t an s w e re d i n th e a f f i rm at i v e . D e fe n d an t t e s t i fi e d th a t h e s i g n e d th e w a i v e r c ar d an d

a g r e e d t o s p e ak w i th D e t e ct i v e D o w d s .

A l n o t i m e d

ur i n g th e a

p p ro x i m a t e l y 3 0
- m i nu t e i n t e rv i e w w i th D e t e c t i v e D o w d s d i d D e f e n d an t a s k fo r th e i n t e rv i e w t o s t o p o r a s k D e t e c t i v e D o w d s l o s l o p h i s qu e s t i o n i n g s o th at h e c o u l d o b t a i n an att o rn e y . " T o h o l d th at e v e r y utt e r an c e o f th e w o r d ' l aw y e r '
aut o m at i c a ll y e r e c t s th e 1 � � � ar d s ' ' co n e o f s i l e n c e ' aro un d th e a c c u s e d , thu s i n s u l a t i n g h i m fr o m
a ll furth e r p o l i c e - i n i t i a l e d qu e s t i o n i n g an d c o m mun i c at i o n . . w o u l d b e far t o o r i g i d an d w o u l d n o t
s e rv e th e i n te r e s t o r n e e d s o f j u s t i c e . " C o m m o n w e a l th v . H u b b l e, 5 0 9 P a . 4 9 7 , 5 1 l , 5 0 4 A. 2 d l 6 8
. 1 7 5 ( 1 9 8 6 ) ( e mp h a s i s i n c l u d e d )
. I n l i g h t o f th e c i r c um s t an c e s s urro un d i n g th e i n t e rr o g at i o n , D e fe n d an t ' s s t a t e m e n t th at " I n e e d o n e A S A P " i s i n s u ffi c i e n t t o s l o p th e i n l c ff o g a l i o n . D e fe n d an t kn o w i n g l y an d i n t el l i g e n t l y w a i v e d h i s r i g h t t o c o un s e l
. T h e r e fo r e , ( r i a l c o un s e l c anno t b e fo un d t o b e i n e ff e c t i v e fo r fo il i n g t o fi l e a s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n . E v e n i f w e w e r e t o d e t e rm i n e th at D e fe n d an t' s ar g um e n t h a s m e r i t , a r e a s o n ab le b a s i s e x i s t e d fo r n o t 

### ti l i n g a s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n . It w a s e s t ab li s h e d b y th e t e s t i m o ny o f M s . K e mp s th at th e d e fe n s e , fr o m th e b e g i nn i n g , w a s th at D e f e n d an t an d th e v i c t i m h a d e n g a g e d i n

l Oc o n s e n s u a l i n t e r c o ur s e . T h e o n l y w ay t o p r e s e n t th i s e v i d e n c e l o th e j ur y w o u l d b e th ro u g h th i s
r e c o r d e d i n t e rv i e w o r th ro u g h D e fe n d an t' s t e s t i m o ny . M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at ( h e b e tt e r
s trat e g y w o u l d b e l o a l l o w th e s t ate m e n t i n t o e v i d e n c e an d D e f e n d an t w o u l d n o t h av e t o t e s t i f y . M s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at s h e w a s n o t c o n fi d e n t th at D e fe n d an t c o u l d w i th s t an d c r o s s e x am i n a t i o n . I f D ef

e n d an t ' s t e s t i m o ny at tr i a l w a s i n c o n s i s t e n t w i th h i s s t a t e m e n t t o D e t e c ti v e D o w d s , th e C o m m o nw e a l th co u l d us e th e s t at e m e n t t o i mp e a c h th e D e f e n d an t ' s c r e d i b i l i ty i n fr o n t o f th e j ur

y . M s . K e mp s w a s n o t w i ll i n g t o t ak e th a t r i s k ; th e r e fo r e , a s p art o f h e r tr i a l
s trat e g y , s h e d i d n o t fi l e a · s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n an d a ll o w e d th e s t a t e m e n t t o b e e n t e r e d i n t o
e v i d e n c e . T h e j ur

y w a s a b l e t o h e ar th e fa c t s a s p re s e n t e d b y D e fe n d an t , w i th o ut p utt i n g D e fe n d an t o n th e w i tn e s s s t an d
. 1V 1 s . K e mp s t e s t i fi e d th at s h e e xp l a i n e d th i s s tr at e g y t o D ef e n d an t o n m o r e th an o n o c c a s i o n . D e fe n d an t t c s t i fi e d th at i t w a s h i s d e c i s i o n a l o n e n o t l o t e s t i f y a l tr i a l. T h e r e fo r e , b e c au s e tr i a l c o un s e l h a d a r ea s o n a b l e b a s i s fo r n o t p ur s u i n g a m o t i o n t o s u p p r e s s , D e fe n d an t ' s c l a i m 

## o r i n effc c t i v e a s s i s t an c e 

## o r c o un s e l i s w ith o ut m e r i t.
I l D ef en d an t ' s P re: A t -r e s t S i l e n c e ; D e fe n d an t n e x t ar g u e s th at tr i a l c o un s e l w a s i n e ff e c t i v e fo r fa i l i n g t o o b

j e c t t o qu e s t i o n s r e g ar d i n g an d r e fe r e n c e s t o D e fe n d an t ' s p r e - arr e s t s i l e n c e . S p e c i fi c a ll y , D e fe n d an t

ar g u e s 

### tr i a l c o un s e l w a s i n e f fe c t i v e fo r fa i l i n g t o o b j e c t 

### t o D et e ct i v e D o w d s t e s t i m o ny r e g ar d i n g 

### ! 1 D e fe n d an t ' s fa i l ur e t o s p e ak w i th h i m p r i o r t o b e i n g arr e s t e d
. D e f e n d an t ar g u e s th at D e t e c t i v e 

## I ' 

# I 

# I I i Q : A n d c an 

### y o u p l e a s e t e ll th e j ur y w h e n an d h o w y o u fir s t att e mp t e d t o i n t e rv i e w th e d e fe n d an t ?

l I j ur y h e w a s g u i l ty .

D e t e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d a s fo l l o w s d ur i n g th e tr i a l: D o w d ' s t e s t i m o ny r e g ar d i n g h i s p r e - arr e s t s i l e n c e w a s p r e j u d i c i a l an d i n t e n d e d t o i n f e r t o th e

## I



# I I A : l h a d h e ar d th at th e d e fe n d an t h a d l e 

### f t t o w n . I r e qu e s t e d Ii r s t t o h i s g i rl fr i e p d , A s h l e y H ar r i s , i f s h e w o u l d p l e a s e h av e h i m c a ll m e . I a l s o att e mp t e d t o c a ll h i m . H e a c t u a ll y c a ll e d m e b a c k
. I s p o k e w i th h i m . l a s k e d h i m t o c o m e i n an d s p e ak w i th m e s o th at I c o u l d i n t e rv i e w h i m r e g ar d i n g th e s e x u a l a s s au l t. Q : W h e n h e c a ll e d y o u b a c k a g a i n , c an y o u t e ll th e j ur y w h e n y o u fi r s t m a d e p h o n e c o n t a c t w i th M r. T h o mp s o n ? A : I b e l i e v e I fi r s t m a d e p h o n e c o n t a c t w i th h i m S e p t e mb e r 10 1 h
. Q : O k a y . A n d w h e n y o u m a d e p h o n e c o n t a c t w i th h i m o n S e p t e mb e r 

# i o " , w h a t d i d y o u t e ll h i m ? 

### A : 1 a s k e d h i m i f h e w o u l d p l e a s e c o m e i n an d ta l k t o m e a b o u t th e e v e n t s th at h a

p p e n e d o n Au g u s t 4 t h an d 

## 5' 11 o f 2 0 1 2
. Q : A n d i n th e c o ur s e o f th o s e c o n v e r s a t i o n s , d i d M r . T h o mp s o n g i v e y o u any i n d i c a t i o n th a t h e kn e w w h at y o u w e r e t a l k i n g a b o ut , th at h e kn e w w h at e v e n t s th a t y o u w an t e d t o t a l k t o h i m th a t o c c urr e d i n Au g u s t ? A : H e d i d : Q : W h a t d i d h e t e ll y o u i n th i s p h o n e co n v e r s a t i o n ? A : H e t o l d m e th a t h e h a d m e t a g i rl a t th e K o o l B ar , h e w a s i n t o x i c a t e d , b e w a s h i g h o n w e t , an d h e d o e s n ' t r e m e mb e r e x a c tl y w h a t h a p p e n e d b u t kn o w s h e d i dn ' t ra p e th a t g i r l. Q : A n d a ft e r h e t o l d y o u th at , w h at d i d y o u a s k h i m t o d o ? A : I a s k e d h i m t o c o m e i n an d t e ll m e h i s s t o r y . Q : A n d d i d th e d e f

e n d an t t e ll y o u w h e r e h e w a s w h e n y o u w e r e o n th e p h o n e ' ? A : H e d i d
. Q W h e r e d i d h e s ay h e w a s a t th at p o i n t ' ! A · I n P h i l a d e l p h i a . Q : A f t e r 

### } ' O U s p o k e t o th e d e f

e n d an t o n S e p t e mb e r I 

# o t\ 2 0 l 2 , d i d h e c o m e i n t o t e ll y o u w h at h a d h a p p e n e d ?

## I

I 

# I
1 1 /\. ; N o , h e d i d n o t.

Q : D i d y o u m ak e any e ff o rt s t o -furth c r e f

fo rt s t o r e a c h o ut t o h i m ? A : I d i d
. Q : C an y o u d e s c r i b e th a t t o th e j ur y . A : l c a l l e d h i m an o th e r t i m e an d a s k e d h i m t o c o m e i n an d s p e ak w i th m e . 

### I s a i d I h a dn ' t ta l k e d t o h i m fo r a w h i l e , I th o u g h t h e w a s g o i n g t o c o m e i n an d s p e ak w i th m e , an d th a t I w a s tr y i n g t o m ak e an o th e r att e mp t t o g e l h i m t o c o m e . Q : A n d w h at w a s th e d e fe n d an t ' s r e a c t i o n t o th a t ? D i d h e c o m e r i g h t aw ay ? i \ : 

### N o , h e d i d n o t. Q ; W h at d i d h e te ll 

### y o u i n t e rm s o f c o m i n g i n ? A : H e s a i d h e n e e d e d to s p e ak t o an a tt o rn e y . H e w o u l d c o m e i n s o m e t i m e 1 11 O c t o b e r , I b e l i e v e . Q : A n d i n O c t o b e r d i d th e d e fe n d an t c o m e i n an d s p e ak t o y o u '? A : N o , h e d i d n o t. Q : A t s o m e p o i n t w e r e y o u fi n a ll y a b le t o s p e ak t o th e d e fe n d an t ? A : l w a s . · Q : A n d c an y o u t e ll th e j ur y h o w i t w a s th at y o u w e r e fi n a ll y a b le to s p e ak t o th e d e fe n d an t '? i \ : 1 s p o k e t o h i m a ft e r w e p i c k e d h i m u p o n th e w arran t th at l 1 i k d Q A n d d o y o u r e c a ll an d c an y o u t e ll th e j ur y w h a t d ate: i t w a s th at h e w a s arr e s t e d o n th at w arr an t ? A : 1 b el i e v e it w a s N o v e mb e r 1 9 1 11 , 2 0 l 2
. (N .T. 1 0 / 9 /2 0 13 , 7 6
- 7 8 , 7 9 )
.

1 JD e t e c t i v e D o w d s ' t e s t i m o ny d i r e c t l y c o n tra d i c t s D e f e n d an t' s ar g um e n t. D e f e n d an t w a s n o t s i l e n t. D et e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d th a t h e h a d p h o n e c o n v e r s at i o n s w i th D e f e n d an t p r i o r t o D e f

e n d an t ' s arr e s t D e t e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d th at D e fe n d an t w an t e d t o s p e ak
w i th h i m a

b o ut th e i n c i d e n t s o f th e n i g h t i n qu e s t i o n ; h o w e v e r. h e n e e d e d t o r et a i n c o un s el an d
w o u l d c o m e t o C o at e s v i l l e w h e n h e r e t a i n e d c o un s e l. D e t e c t i v e D o w d s n e v e r t e s t i fi e d th at D e f e n d an t d i d n o t w an t t o s p e ak w i th h i m ; i n fa c t , 

### i t w a s D e fe n d an t w h o i n i t i a ll y c a l l e d D e te c t i v e D o w d s . T h e r e i s n o t e s t i m o ny o f r e c o r d th at D e fe n d an t r e f u s e d t o s p e ak w i th D e t ec t i v e D o w d s .

T h e t e s t i m o ny e l i c i t e d fr o m D e t e c t i v e D o w d s o n c r o s s e x am i n a t i o n h i g h li g h t s D e fe n d an t ' s r e a s o n a

b l e t i i a ] s tra t e g y th a t h e c o o p e r a t e d w i th p o l i c e an d d i d n o t ra p e th e v i c t i m b ut h a d c o n s e n s u a l s e x u a l i n t e r c o ur s e w i th h e r . (N
. T
. I 0 1 9 / 2 0 I 3 , 9 4 - l 0 0 )
. C o un s e l c o n t i nu e d
w i th th i s r e a s o n a

b le tr i a l s tra t e g y th ro u g h c l o s i n g ar g um e n t s b y s p e c i fi c a ll y r e c o un t i n g h o w D e f e n d an t c o o p e ra t e d w i th th e p o l i c e .

D o e s h e d e ny b e i n g i n th e p ark ? N o . H e s ay s , a c c o r d i n g t o h i s s t a t e m e n t , I d i dn ' t ra

p e th a t g i r l. I d i dn ' t ra

p e th at g i r l. H e c a ll s th e p o l i c e w h e n a s k e d t o . I f y o u f o l l o w th e s e qu e n c e , th e p o l i c e t e ll A s h l e y , th e . e x g i r l fr ie n d o r g i r l fr i e n d , t o c a ll h i m . A t s o m e p o i n t h e c a ll s th e m . T-! e s ay s h e w an t s t o c o m e i n . S ay s h e i s n o t i n th e C o at e s v i l le ar e a , b ut h e g i v e s th e m a t e l e p h o n e numb e r a s t o w h e r e h e c an b e r e a c h e d
. T h e y d o n ' t s ay t o h i m r i g h t th e n an d th e r e w e h av e a w arran t fo r y o ur arr e s t , y o u h av e t o c o m e i n . T h e r e i s n o te s t i m o ny t o th a t e f

f e c t. 1 1 6 s ay s h e n e e d s t o g e t b a c k t o C o at e s v i ll e . H e i s n o t i n C o a t e s v i ll e a l th at t i m e . H e i s n o t h i d i n g w h e r e h e i s . T h e D e t e c t i v e c a l l s h i m tw o w e e k s l at e r o n th e numb e r th at h e g av e . H e an s w e r s th e p h o n e an d , a g a i n , h e t a l k s l o th e D e t e c t i v e . T h e r e i s n o i n d i c at i o n h e r e th a t th e r e w e r e a s e r i e s o f p h o n e c a ll s th at w e r e n ' t r e t

urn e d , th at th e r e w e r e a tt e mp t s o r h an g - u p s o r th at th e y h a d t o tra c k d o w n o th e r numb e r s . J w an t t o c o m e i n an d ta l k t o y o u . A n d h e i s d o i n g w h a t th e l o g i c a l th i n g w o u l d b e , l s u b m i t l o

] '1y o u , h o p i n g t o g e t m o n e y f o r an att o rn e y t o h el p h i m b e c au s e h e b e li e v e s th e r e m ay b e s o m e a c c u s at i o n s th a t ar c g o i n g t o b e ti l e d a g a i n s t h i m . ( N
. T 1 0 / ( ) / 2 0 1 3 , 1 2 5
- 2 6 )
. D e f e n d an t n e v e r s t at e d h e d i d n o t w an t t o s p e ak w i th D e t e c t i v e D o w d s an d i n fa c t , i n i t i a l l y c o n t a c t e d D e t e c t i v e D o w d s an d g av e h i m h i s p h o n e numb e r.

D e fe n d an t c i t e s th e c a s e o f C 9 m m o nw e a l th v . M o l i n a . 6 28 P a . 4 6 5 , l 0 4 A. 3 d 4 3 0 ( 2 0 1 4 ) i n s u p p o rt o f h i s ar g um e n t. :Vl o l i n a i s d i s t i n g u i s h ab l e fr o m th e c a s e a t b ar. W h i l e th e d e f e n d an t i n 

### M cl in
. � s p o k e w i th a d e t e c t i v e o v e r th e p h o n e , w h e n th e d e t e c t i v e a s k e d th e d e fe n d an t t o co m e t o th e p o l i c e s t at i o n t o t e ll h i s s i d e o f th e s t or y , h e r e fu s e d t o c o o p e r a t e o r
s p e ak f urth e r w i th th e d e t e c t i v e . T h e S u p r e m e C o urt d e t e rm i n e d th a t w h e n th e d e fe n d an t
r e f u s e d t o s p e ak furth e r w i th th e d e t e c ti v e , h e i n v o k e d h i s ri g h t a g a i n s t s e l f
- i n c r i m i n a t i o n , th e r e b y p ro h i b i t i n g th e u s e o f h i s p r e - arr e s t s i le n c e a s s u b s t an t i v e e v i d e n c e o f g u i l t. � 1 o l i n a , at 5 0 0 , 1 0 4 A. J d at 4 5 1.

A t b ar , D e f

c n d au t i n i t i a l l y c o n t a c t e d D e t c c t i v e D o w d s an d t o l d D e t e c t i v e D o w d s h e w an t e d l o s p e ak w i th h i m a s s o o n a s h e r e t urn e d t o C o a t e s v i ll e . D ef e n d an t n e v e r r e f

u s e d t o
s p e ak w i th D e t e c t i v e D o w d s at any p o i n t p r i o r t o h i s arr e s t . A n y qu e s t i o n i n g 

### b y D e t e c t i v e D o w d s r e g ar d i n g D e f

e n d an t' s c o n d

u c t p r i or t o h i s arr e s t s u

p p ort s c o un s e l ' s r e a s o n ab l e tr i a l
s trat e g y th at D e fe n d an t c o o p e r a t e d w i th J aw e n fo r c e m e n t an d co n t i nu a l l y t o l d p o l i c e h e d i d n o t
ra p e th e v i c t i m .

D e f e n d an t ar g u e s th at co un s e l w a s i n e f f e c t i v e fo r fa il i n g t o o b

j e c t t o th e e x p e rt t e s t i m o ny p r o v i d e d 

### b y tw o 

### J ay w i tn e s s e s . S p e c if i c a ll y , D ef

e n d an t c o n t e n d s th at 

### S A F E nur s e M arv i n J a c k s o n p ro v i d e d e x p e rt t e s t i m o ny r e g ar d i n g l a c k o f i n j ur i e s t o r a

p e v i c t i m s an d D e t e c t i v e D o w d s p ro v i d e d e xp e rt t e s t i m o ny r eg ar d i n g i n fo rm a t i o n av a i l ab l e i n c e ll p h o n er e c or d s . D e fe n d an t ar g u e s th at th e s e w i tn e s s e s w e r e n o t 

### qu a l if i e d a s e xp e rt s an d th e i r t e s t i m o ny
c o n s t i t ut e d h e ar s ay an d w a s b e y o n d th e s c o p e o f an o r d i n ar y 

### l ay p e r s o n ' s kn o w l e d g e . D e fe n d an t
c o n cl u d e s th at b u t fo r c o un s e l ' s f a i l ur e t o o b

j e c t t o th i s t e s t i m o ny , th e o u t co m e w o u l d h av e b e e n d i ff e r e n t . P a . R
. E. 7 0 1 p ro v i d e s a s fo ll o w s :

I f a w i tn e s s i s n o t t e s t i f

y i n g a s an e xp e rt , t e s t i m o ny i n th e fo rm o f an o p i n i o n i s l i m i t e d t o o n e th at i s : ( a ) R a t i o n a ll y b a s e d o n th e w i tn e s s ' s p e r c e p t i o n ; ( b ) H e l p f u l to cl e ar l y un d e r s t an d i n g th e w i tn e s s ' s t e s t i m o ny o r t o d c t c rn : i n i n g a fa c t i n i s s u e ; an d ( c ) N o t b a s e d o n s c i e n t 

### i fi e , t e c hn i c a l , o r o th e r s p e c i a l i z e d kn o w le d g e w i th i n th e s c o p e o f R u l e 7 0 2
. P a . R E. 7 0 2 a d dr e s s e s t e s t i m o ny b y an e xp e rt w i tn e s s .

A w i tn e s s w h o i s qu a l i fi e d a s an e xp e rt b y kn o w l e d g e , s k i l l , e xp e r i e n c e , tra i n i n g , o r e d u c a t i o n 

### m ay te s t i f

y i n th e fo rm o f an o p i n i o n o r o th e r

w i s e i f : ( a ) th e e xp e rt ' s s c i e n t i fi c , t e c h n i c a l , o r o th e r s p e c i a l i z e d kn o w le d g e i s b e y o n d th at p o s s e s s e d b y th e av e ra g e l ayp e r s o n ; (b ) th e e xp e rt ' s s c i e n t i fi c , t e c hn i c a l , o r o th e r s p e c i a l i z e d kn o w l e d g e w i ll h el p th e tr i e r o f fa c t to un d e r s t an d th e e v i d e n c e o r t o d e t e rm i n e a fa c t i n i s s u e ; an d ( c ) th e e xp e rt ' s m e th o d o l o g y i s g e n e ra l l y a c c e p t e d i n th e r e l e v an t f i e l d
. T h e C o rn m o nw e n l th p r e s e n t e d th e t e s t i m o ny o f M arv i n Ja ck s o n , a r e g i s t e r e d
n ur s e at L an c a s t e r G e n e ra l H o s p i t a l , w h o e x am i n e d th e v i c t i m th e n i g h t o f th e a s s au l t. M r l a c k s o n i s a qu a li fi e d S e x u a l A s s au l t F o r e n s i c E x am i n e r ( S A F E ) nur s e . (N
. T
. 1 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 3, S )
. M r. J a ck s o n p e r f

o rm e d a S e x u a l A s s au l t F o r e n s i c E x am o n th e v i c t i m o n A u g u s t 5 , 2 0 1 2
. ( N .T I 0 /9 / 2 0 I J , 8
- 9 )
. M r . J a c k s o n t e s t i fi e d a s fo ll o w s w i th r e g ar d l o i n j ur i e s t o th e v i c t i m :

1 6Q : W h e n 9' 0 U c o n d u c t e d th e p e l v ic e x am o f M s . H i n c s - > - A : Y e s . Q : D i d y o u o b s e rv e any i n j ur i e s t o h e r p e l v i c o r r e c t a l ar e a ? A : T h e r e w a s - l e t m e d o u b l e c h e c k
. T h e r e w a s s o m e r e dn e s s l o th e c e rv i x an d 

### I s aw 

### a w h i t e s u b s t an c e th e r e .
Q : O n th e 

### b o dy m a

p o f th e g e n i t a l ar e a , d o y o u n o t e o n th e r e any i n j ur y o r d o y o u n o t e any th i n g i n d i c at i n g an a b s e n c e o f i n

j ur y ? A : O n th e b o dy m a

p , y e s . A n d o n th e g e n i t a l i n j ur y d o c um e n t at i o n l d i d n o t p ut any i n j ur i e s d o w n . Q : I n Ia c t , y o u s t a l e d n o o b v i o u s i n j ur y ? A : C o rr e c t. Q : B ut y o ur r e c o ll e c t i o n n o w o n th e c h e c k l i s t i s y o u d o m e n t i o n th e r e w a s s o m e r e dn e s s t o th e 

### c e rv i x o r d o e s y o ur c h e c k li s t j u s t m e n t i o n th e w h i t e s ub s t an c e ? A : T h e w h i t e s ub s t an c e . Q : W h at , 

### i f any th i n g , d o e s th e l a c k o f o b v i o u s i n j ur y t o th e g e n i t a l ar e a t e ll y o u a

b o u t w h e th e r o r n o t a s e x u a l a s s au l t o c c ur r e d ? A
. It d o c s n o t s ay o n e w ay o r th e o th e r . Q : C an y o u e xp l a i n th a t r o th e j ur y . A: L o t o f ti m e s th e r e w i l l b e n o i n j ury t o th e g e n i t a l ar e a , b e c au s e , un l i k e , I g u e s s , I d o n ' t w an t t o s ay typ i c a l , b ut th e i d e a th at th e r e i s a } 0 1 o f b r

u i s i n g j u s t d o e s n ' t h a

p p e n A l o t o f t i m e s th e p at i e n t w i l l h av e b e e n th r e a t e n e d w i th furth e r b o d i l y h arm , s o th e y w i l l. t o av o i d f

urth e r i n j ur y , th e y w i ll n o t r e s i s t . n o t p ut u p a fi g h t . A n d th e r e h av e b e e n s t u d i e s th a t w h e r e , b e tw e e n n o n c o n s e n s u a l an d co n s e ns u a l s e x , u s u a ll y th e n o n c o n s e n s u a l s e x w o n ' t h av e i n

j ur i e s i n 8 0 t o 9 0 p e r c e n t o f th e c a s e s . Q : N o w , y o u m e n t i o n e d i n m any c a s e s th e v i c t i m w il l b e th r e a t e n e d an d w i ll n o t - I fo r g e t y o ur e x a c t w o r d s . D i d M s . H i n e s

1 7i n d i cat e i n h e r c o n v e r s at i o n w i th y o u w h eth e r o r n o t s h e h a d b e e n thr e at e n e d at a ll? A : S h e w a s . S h e t o l d m e th a t h e th r e at e n e d to k i ll h e r w i th a b o x c u tt e r 

### i f s h e d i d n o t c o mp l y . (N .T. 1 0 / 9 / 2 0 13 , 2 1
- 2 4 )
.

D e f e n d an t - h a s f

a i l e d t o p ro v e th at b u t fo r c o un s e l ' s fa i l ur e t o o b j e c t l o th i s li n e o f que s t i o n i n g , th e o ut c o m e w o u l d h av e b e e n 

### ct i ff e r e n t. l f co un 

### s d h a d o b

j e c te d t o M r. Ja c k s o n ' s t e s t i m o ny , th e C o m m o nw e a l th w o u l d h av e qu a l i fi e d M r. J a c k s o n a s an e xp e rt. M r . Ja c k s o n

Ja c k s o n r e c c i v e d 6 0 h o ur s o f a d u lt an d p e d i atr i c tra i n i n g i n o r d e r t o b e c o m e a S A F E nur s e . t e s t i fi c d th at h e h a s b e e n a r e g i s t e r e d nur s e fo r 2 8 y e ar s an d h a s w o rk e d at L an c a s t e r G e n e ra l 

# ! ! H o s p i t a l a s a r e g i s t e r e d nur s e i n th e e m e r g e n c y r o o m fo r th e p a s t 8 y e ar s . (N
. T
. 1 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 3 , 4
- 5 )
. 

# I M r . J a c k s o n ' s d

u t i e s i n cl u d e traum a nur s i n g an d b e i n g a S A � E nur s e . (N
. T. 1 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 3 , 5 )
. M r . J 

# I I ( N
. T t 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 3 , 6 )
. M r . Ja c k s o n t e s t i fi e d 

### th at h e h a s b e e n a S A F E nur s e fo r 

### th e p a s t 2 y e ar s an d I h a s c o n d u c te d 

### ! 5 s e x u a l a s s au lt fo r e n s i c e x am s o n a d u lt s . (N .T. 1 0 / 9 / :? 0 1 3 , 7
- 8 )
. O n c e qu a l i fi e d
a s an e xp e rt , M r. J a c k s o n w o u l d b e p e rm i tt e d t o g i v e th i s t e s t i m o ny . S e e, 

### C o m m o nw e a lth v . 

### M i n cx .ct . 5 6 2 

### P a . 4 6 , 7 5 3 0

. 2 d 22 5 ( 20 0 0 ) ( C o m m o nw e a lth m ay o ff e r . a s p art o f i t s 

### c a s e - i n - c h i e f

D e f e n d an t furth e r ar g u e s th at tr i a l c o un s e l w a s i n e ff e c t i v e fo r fa i l i n g t o o b

j e c t

w h e n D e t e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d th at c e ll p h o n e r e c o r d s w o u l d n o t s h o w w h e th e r a c e ll p h o n e 

# I w a s o p e rat i n g o r d e a d
. D e fe n d an t c o n t e n d s th at D e t e c t i v e D o w ds w a s t e s t i f y i n g a s a 

### l ay w i tn e s s . Ill a s e x u a l a s s au lt p r o s e c u t i o n , an e xp e rt ' s t e s t i m o ny th at a b s e n c e o f p h y s i c a l traum a i s I 

## I 1 1 c o n s i s te n t w i th a ll e g e d s e x u a l a b u s e )
. 

# I 

# I

an d d i d n o t h av e l h e s p e c i fi e d s k i l l , tra i n i n g o r e xp e rt i s e t o t e s t i f y r e g ar d i n g c e ll p h o n e u s a g e an d
c e ll p h o n e r e c o r d s . D ef e n d an t ar g u e s th at 

### tr i a l c o un s e l ' s f a i l ur e t o o b

j e c t p r e j u d i c e d h i m .

1 8D e f e n d an t i n fo rm e d D e t e c t i v e D o w d s d ur i n g h i s i n t e rv i e w th at th e v i c t i m ' s c el l p h o n e w a s r i n g i n g w h i l e t h e y w e re t o g e th e r . 

### ( Ex h i b i t C
- 9 6 A , p . 5 ; 7 ; I 6 )
. T h e v i c t i m 

### t e s t i fi e d th at s h e r e a li z e d h e r c e l l p h o n e w a s d e a d w h e n s h e w e n t t o l o o k at 

### i t w h i l e s h e an d D e fe n d an t
w a e o u ts i d e o f th e K o o l B ar s m o k i n g m ar i j u an a . (N
. T. l 0 / 9 / 2 0 l 3 , 6 9 - 7 0 )
. D e fe n d an t ar g u e s th at tr i a l c o un s e l s h o u l d h ave o b j e c t e d w h e n 

### D e t e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d a s fo l l o w s o n r e - d i r e c t

e x am : Q : 

### D e t e c t i v e , y o u w e r e a s k e d qu e s t i o n s a s t o w h e th e r o r n o t y o u

r e c e i v e d
- - att c mp t e d t o o b t a i n p h o n e r e c o r d s , c o r r e c t ? A : C o r r e c t . Q : \V o u l d a p h o n e r e c o r d o f any k i n d b e a b l e t o c o n firm o r c o rro b o r a t e o n e w a y o r th e o th e r w h e th e r a c e ll p h o n e w a s d e a d at 

### any g i v e n 

### I i m e ? A : 

### N o , i t w o u l d n o t. 

### Jv f S
. C A RD A M O N E : 

## r h av e n o th i n g furth e r . T H E C O U R T : T h an k 

### y o u . A ny fo ll o w - u p ?

- - - R f C R O S S E X A tv fr

N
. t\ T l O N
- - - 

### B Y Jv 1 S
. K E M P S : Q : 

### P h o n e r e c o r d s 

### w i l l t e ll y o u , h o w e v e r , i f 

### a p h o n e c a ll w a s m a d e 

### an d w h e th e r th e y w e r e r e c e i v e d an d h o w 

### l o n g th e c a l l s w e r e m a d e , c o rr e c t ? J\ : C o rr e c t . ( C-.: T l 0 / 9 /2 0 ! 3
. 1 0 6
- 0 7 ) i

D e fe n d an t fa i l s t o p ro v i d e e v i d e n c e th ot D e t e c t i v e D o w ds t e s t i m o ny w as iI p r e j u d i c i a l
. D e fe n d an t f

a il e d t o p ro v i d e e v i d e n c e th at th e c e ll p h o n e h a d p o w e r an d w a s w o rk i n g 

## I d ur i n g th e a s s au l t. D e fe n d an t m ak e s o n l y th e b a l d a s s e rt i o n th at th e v i c t i m ' s c e ll p h o n e w a s
w o rk i n g d

ur i n g th e a s s au l t . D e f

e n d an t c ann o t b e p r e

j u d i c e d b y D e t e c t i v e D o w d s ' t e s t i m o ny

\ 9un le s s h e c an p ro v i d e. e v i d e n c e th a t th e v i c t i m ' s c e l l p h o n e w a s w o rk i n g an d D e t e c t i v e D o w el s ' t e s t i m o ny w a s f

a l s e. E v e n i f D e f

e n d an t p ro v i d e d th i s e v i d e n c e , w h e th e r o r n o t th e v i c t i m ' s c e ll p h o n e w a s w ork i n g d ur i n g th e a s s au lt d o e s n o t d i s p ro v e th e fa c t th a t th e v i c t i m w a s ra p e d
. E v e n i f D e fe n d an t c o u l d p r o v e th at th e v i ct i m ' s c e ll p h o n e h a d p o w e r d ur i n g th e
a s s au lt , th e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e o f r e c o r d th at th e v i c t i m c o u l d h av e r e a c h e d h e r p h o n e an d c a ll e d fo r h e l p . T h e j ur

y h e ar d D e fe n d an t ' s s t at e m e n t th at h e h e ar d th e v i c t i m ' s c e l l p h o n e r i n g i n g
w h i l e th e y w e r e t o g e th e r an d th e v i c t i m ' s t e s t i m o ny th at h e r c e l l p h o n e w a s d e a d
. T h e v i c t i m t e s t i fi e d th a t w h e n D e fe n d an t s t art e d c h o k i n g h e r , s h e r e m e mb e r e d s h e h a d a can o f m a c e i n h e r p ur s e , b u t h e r p ur s e w a s s o b i g an d o u t o f h e r r e a c h , s h e w o u l d n o t b e a b le t o g e l t o i t an d
r e m o v e th e m a c e . (N .T. I 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 3 , I 0 6 - l 0 7 )
. T h e j ur y f urth e r h e ar d th e v i c t i m ' s t e s t i m o ny th at
s h e w a s a fr a i d th a t D e f

e n d an t w o u l d k i ll h e r i f s h e s c r e am e d fo r h e l p . ( N
. T. I 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 3 , 9 1 )
. If th e v i c t i m w a s s o a fr a i d th at s h e c o u l d n o t s c r e am fo r h e l p , i t i s unb e l i e v a b le th at s h e c o u l d r e a c h fo r h e r c e ll p h o n e an d c a l l fo r h e l p . I s s u e s r e g ar d i n g a w i tn e s s ' s c r e d i b i l i ty ar e l e ft t o th e fa c t fi n d e r , w h o i s fr e e t o b el i e v e a l l , p art o r n o n e o f th e w i tn e s s ' s t e s t i m o ny . C o m m o nw e a l th_v . _p j r e

_ @ , 3 9 8 P a . S u

p e r. 7 6 , 8 2 , 5 8 0 A
. 2 d 8 4 8 , 8 5 2 ( 1 9 9 0 ) , a p p e a l d e n i e d , 5 2 7 P a . 6 72 , 5 9 4 A
. 2 d 6 5 8 ( 1 9 9 1)
. 

### T V F t i d 1 t_I n s tru c t i o n :

D e fe n d an t a l l e g e s th at tr i a l c o un s e l w a s i n e ff e c t i v e fo r fa i l i n g t o o bj e c t t o a fli g h t i n s tr u c t i o n b e i n g g i v e n t o th e j ury . D e fe n d an t ar g u e s th at h e d i d n o t fl e e th e j ur i s d i c t i o n .
! kn e w h i s p h o n e numb e r a s w e l l a s h i s a d dr e s s . T h e r e fo r e . D e f e n d an t c o n c l u d e s th a t th e r e w a s n o 

## I

e v i d e n c e o f r e c o r d th at w o u l d s u p p o rt a fli g h t i n s tru c t i o n .

'.'. O D e fe n d an t c o n t e n d s th at h e s p o k e w i th D e t e c t i v e D o w d s o v e r th e p h o n e an d D e t e c t i v e D o w d s" [ W l h e r c e v i d e n c e e x i s t s th at a d e fe n d an t c o m m i tt e d a c r i m e , kn e w h e w a s
w an t e d , an d fl e d o r c o n c e a l e d h i m s e l f , s u c h e v i d e n c e i s a dm i s s i b l e t o e s t ab l i s h c o n s c i o u s n e s s o f g u i l t. " k. 9
. n 1 m o nw e a l th v . L uk o w i c h , 8 7 5 A
. 2 d 1 1 6 9 , 1 1 7 3 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 5 ) , ci t i ng

, C o m m o nw e a lth v . Jo h n s o n . 5 7 6 P a . 2 3 , 8 3 8 A. 2 d 6 6 3 , 6 8 1 ( 2 0 0 3 )
. I n d e t e rm i n i n g w h e th e r a · j ur y c h ar g e w a s p r o p e rl y g i v e n , th e c o urt e x am i n e s th e c h ar g e a s a w h o l e . L u � 2Y Y � .9 h , at l l 7 · 1. T h e tr i a l c o urt i s g i v e n b ro a d d i s c r e t i o n i n fa s h i o n i n g j ur y i n s tr u c t i o n s , a s l o n g a s th e l aw i s p r e s e n t e d i 11 11 cl e ar . a d e qu at e an d a c c ura t e m ann e r . [t_t
.

/\ t b ar , th e r e i s e v i d e n c e o f r e c o r d th a t D e fe n d an t kn e w th a t th e v i c t i m w a s
a c cu s i n g h i m o f c o m m i tt i n g a c r i m e an d a s s o o n M , h e h e ar d th at , h e le ft C o a t e s v i ll e . D e fe n d an t t o l d D c t e c t i v e D o w d s d

ur i n g b i s i n t e rv i e w o n N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 I 2 th at th e d ay a ft e r h e b a d
c o n s e n s u a l s e x u a l 

### c o n t a c t w i th th e v i c t i m , h e an d h i s fr i e n d r e t urn e d t o th e K o o l B ar , w h e r e D e fe n d an t o v e rh e ar d an o th e r i n d i v i d u a l s l a t e th a t h i s s i s t e r h a d b e e n ra p e d th e n i g h t b e fo r e i n th e p ark. ( Ex h i b i t C
- 96 A , a t 5
- 6 )
. D e fe n d an t a l s o t o l d D e t e c t i v e. D o w d s th at a w e e k a ft e r th e i n c i d e n t o c c urr e d h e o v e r h e ar d a p h o n e c o n v e r s a t i o n b e tw e e n h i s g i r l fr i e n d , A s h l e y H arr i s , an d a 

### I

m a le w h e r e i n th e m a l e c a l le r i n fo rm e d h i s g i rl fr i e n d th a t D e fe n d an t h a d r a p e d h i s s i s t e r i n th e 

# I
p ark
. ( E x h i b i t C
- 96 A , at 1 0
- 1 1 ; N
. T. 1 0 / 9 /2 0 ! 3 at I 0 4 )
. D e t e c t i v e D o w d s f urth e r t e s t i fi e d th a t 

### A s h l e y H arr i s 

### i n fo rm e d h i m th e 

### D e fe n d an t w a s 

### l i v i n g w i th h e r i n C o at e s v i l l e 

### un t i l h e 

### h e ar d
a b o u t th e ra

p e 

### a l l e g at i o n . (N
. T
. 

### l 0 / 9 / 2 0 3 , 1 0 4 : E x h i b i t C
- 9 5, p . l · i o f l 5 )
. W h e n D e t e c t i v e D o w el s s p o k e w i th D e fe n d an t o n S e p t e mb e r I 0 , 1 0 1 2 , D e fe n d an t t o l d h i m th at A s h l e y H arr i s t o l d h i m th e r e w a s a w ar r an t o u t 

### J e n h i s arr e s t. ( N
. T J 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 3 , J 0 6 ; E x h i b i t C
- 9 5 , p 1 2 o f 1 5 )
. D e f e n d an t d i d n o t co m e lO C o a t e s v i l l e an d s p e ak w i th D e t e c t i v e D o w d s un t il h e w a s arr e s t e d 2
m o n th s l at e r. (N .T. I 0 / 9 / 2 0 13 , I 0 6 )
.

2 1B a s e d u p o n th i s e v i d e n c e , th e fo ll o w i n g i n s tru c t i o n w a s g i v e n t o th e j ur y : T h e r e w a s e v i d e n c e i n th i s c a s e th a t t e n d e d t o s h o w th a t th e d e f e n d an t m o v e d o u t o f C o at e s v i ll e s h o rt l y a ft e r h e b e c am e aw ar e o f th e v i c t i m ' s c o mp l a i n t t o th e p o l i c e . T h e c r e d i b il i ty , w e i g h t , an d e ff e c t o f th i s e v i d e n c e i s s o l e l y fo r y o u t o d e ci d e . G e n e ra ll y s p e ak i n g , w h e n a c r i m e h a s b e e n c o m m i tt e d an d th e p e r s o n th i n k s h e i s o r m ay b e a c c u s e d o f c o m m i tt i n g i t an d h e fl e e s o r c o n c e a l s h i m s e l f , s u c h fl i g h t 

### o r c o n c e a l m e n t 

### i s a c i r c um s t an c e t e n d i n g t o p ro v e 

### th e p e r s o n i s c o n s c i o u s 

### o f g u i lt
. S u c h fl i g h t o r c o n c e a l m e n t d o e s n o t n e c e s s ar i l y s h o w c o n s c i o u s n e s s o f g u i lt i n e v e r y c a s e . A p e r s o n m ay fl e e o r h i d e fo r s o m e o th e r m o t i v e an d m ay d o s o e v e n th o u g h i nn o c e n t. W h e th e r th e e v i d e n c e o f fl i g h t o r c o n c e a l m e n t i n th e c a s e s h o u l d b e l o o k e d a l a s l e n d i n g t o p ro v e g u i l t d e p e n d s o n th e fa c t s an d c i r c um s t an c e s o f th i s c a s e an d e s p e c i a ll y o n m o t i v e s th at m ay h av e p ro mp t e d th e fl i g h t o r c o n c e a l m e n t. Y o u m ay n o t fi n d th e d e f e n d an t 

### g u i lty s o l e l y o n th e b a s i s o I' e v i d e n c e o f 

### fli g h t o r c o n c e a l m e n t . (N
. T
. I 0 / 9 / 2 0 l 3, 1 6 0
- 6 1 )
. T h e i n s t an t i n s tr u c t i o n a dv i s e d th e j ur

y th e y c o u l d c o n s i d e r e v i d e n c e
o f c o n s c i o u s n es s o f g u i lt b u t th a t i t w a s n o t r e qu i r e d t o d o s o . T h e i n s tr u c t i o n furth e r a dv i s e d th at th e j ury c o u l d n o t fi n d D e f e n d an t g u i l ty b a s e d s o l e l y o n th e b a s i s ( i f fl i g h t o r c o n c e a l m e n t . T h e i n s tru c t i o n w a s c le ar , a d e qu at e an d l e g a ll y a c c ur a t e . T h e c h ar g e w a s b a s e d

u p o n th e fa c t th at D e fe n d an t fl e d th e j ur i s d i c t i o n a s s o o n a s h e h e ar d th e a l l e g at i o n s o f ra p e . A s
o f S e p t e mb e r l 0 , 2 0 l 2
. D e fe n d an t kn e w th e r e w a s a w arr an t o ut fo r h i s arr e s t , b u t d i d n o t r e t urn t o C o at e s v i l l e un t i l N o v e mb e r , d e s p i t e t e ll i n g D e t e c t i ve D o w d s h e w o u l d r e t urn i n O c t o b e r. T h e r e fo r e . th e C o urt' s i n s tru c t i o n w a s p ro p e r an d any o b j e c t i o n b y th e D e fe n d an t w o u l d h av e b e e n m e r i t l e s s . V
. V ,i o lat i o n o f M an d at o r y D i s c o v e rv : D e f e n d an t' ar g u e s th at tr i a l c o un s e l w a s i n e ff e c t i v e fo r fa i l i n g t o r e qu e s t a m i s tr i a l
w h e n D c l e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d a b o u t a p o l i c e r e p o rt th at w a s n e v e r d i s c l o s e d l o D e fe n d an t. S p e c i fi c a ll y . D e t e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d th a t h e m e t w i th th e v i c t i m w h i l e th e y w a l k e d th r o u g hA s h P ark , th e l o c at i o n o f th e a s s au lt , an d th e i n fo rm at i o n h e r e c e i v e d d ur i n g th at m e e t i n g w a s p l a c e d i n t o a p o l i c e r e p o rt th a t w a s n o t d i s cl o s e d t o D ef e n d an t. D ef

e n d an t c o n t e n d s th at th i s
r e p o rt wa s " p r e s um ab l y e x c u l p at o r y b e c au s e 

### i t p ro v i d e d a d d i t i o n a l i n fo rm a t i o n a b o u t th e
c o rnp l a i n an ts v e r s i o n o f th e i n c i d e n t , th e l o c a t i o n a s w e l l a s th e c r i m e s c e n e . " ( D e fe n d an t ' s I n i t i a l M e m o ran d

um o f L a w i n S u

p p o rt o f P e t i t i o n fo r P o s t - C o n v i c t i o n C o ll at e ra l R e l i e f , p . 1 9 )
. 

### D e f e n d an t ar g u e s th at 

### a fa i l ur e t o p ro v i d e th i s r e p o rt i s a v i o l a t i o n un d e r B ra d y Y , _M ar y l rm d , 3 73 U
. S
. 8 3 ( 1 9 6 3 )
.



### I n o r d e r 

### fo r D e fe n d an t l o b e s u c c e s s f u l o n h i s c l a i m s un d e r th e P C RA , b e mu s t p le a d an d p ro v e b y a p r e p o n d e ran c e o f e v i d e n c e th a t th e c o n v i c t i o n o r s e n t e n c e r e s u l t e d Ir o rn
o n e o r m o r e o f th e s e v e n e num e rat e d e r ro r l i s t e d i n 4 2 P a . C
. S
. A. § 9 5 4 3 ( a ) ( 2 )
. D e f e n d an t' s
a l l e g at i o n 

### o f a I � ra

_d .)'. v i o l at i o n fa ll s w i th i n th e fo ll o w i n g e r ro r s : ( i) A v i o l a t i o n o f th e C o n s t i t ut i o n o f th i s C o m m o nw e a l th o r th e c o n s t i t

ut i o n o r l aw s o f th e U n i te d S t at e s w h i c h , i n th e c i r c um s t an c e s o f th e p art i c u l ar c a s e , s o un d e rm i n e d th e tru th
- d e t e rm i n i n g p r o c e s s th at n o r e l i ab le a d j u d i c at i o n o f g u i lt o r i nn o c e n c e c o u l d h av e t ak e n p l a c e . ( i i ) I n e f

f e c ti v e a s s i s t an c e o f c o un s el w h i c h , i n th e c i r c um s t an c e s o f th e p art i c u l ar c a s e , s o un d e rm i n e d th e tru th d e t e rm i n i n g p ro c e s s th at n o r e l i ab le a d j u d i c at i o n o f g u i l t o r i nn o c e n c e c o u l d h av e t ak e n p l a c e . : 1 2 P a . C
. S
. A. § 9 5 4 J ( a ) ( 2 ) ( i , i i )
.

P a . R. C r i m . P
. 5 7 3 ( B ) ( 1 ) p ro v i d e s i n p e rt i n e n t p art th at th e C o m m o nw e a l th s h a ll d i s c l o s e t o th e d ef

e n d an t a l l o f th e fo ll o w i n g r e qu e s t e d i t e m s o r i n fo rm a t i o n , p ro v i d e d th e y ar c
m a t e r i a l t o th e i n s t an t c a s e :

( a ) A ny e v i d e n c e fav o rab l e t o th e a c c u s e d th a t i s m at e r i a l e i th e r t o g u i l t o r t o p un i s hm e n t an d i s w i th i n th e p o s s e s s i o n o r c o n tro l o f th e att o rn e y fo r th e C o m m o nw e a l th ;

## I i I ( b ) any w r i tt e n c o n fe s s i o n o r i n c u lp a t o r y s t at e m e n t , an d th e i d e n t i ty o f

th e p e rs o n l o w h o m th e c o n fe s s i o n o r i n c u l p a t o r y s t a t e m e n t w a s m a d e th at i s i n th e p o s s e s s i o n o r c o n tro l o f th e att o rn e y fo r th e C o m m o nw e a l th ; ( c ) th e d e f

e n d an t ' s p r i o r c r i m i n a l r e c o r d ; ( d ) th e c i r c um s t an c e s an d r e s u l t o f any i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f th e d e f e n d a n t b y v o i c e , p h o t o g ra p h , o r i n - p e r s o n i d e n t i fi c a t i o n ; ( e ) any r e s u lt o r r e p o rt s o f s c i e ll 

### I i fi e te s t s , e xp e rt o p i n i o n s , an d w r i tt e n 

### o r r e c o r d e d r e p o rt s 

### o f p o l y g ra p h e x am i n at i o n s o r o th e r p h y s i c a l o r m e n t a l e x am i n at i o n s o f th e d e fe n d an t th at ar e w i th i n th e p o s s e s s i o n 

### o r co n tro l 

# o r th e 

### att o rn e y fo r th e C o m m o nw e a lth ; 

### (1 ) any t an g i b l e o b

j e c t s , i n c l u d i n g d o c um e n t s , p h o t o g r a p h s , fi n g e r p r i n t s , o r o th e r t an g i b l e e v i d e n c e ; 

### an d ( g ) th e tran s c r i p t s an d r e c o r d i n g s o f any e le c tro n i c s urv e i l l an c e , an d th e au th o r i ty b y w h i c h th e s a i d tr an s c r i p t s an d r e c o r d i n g w e r e o b t a i n e d
. T o e s t ab l i s h a B ra dv v i o l a t i o n , th e f o l l o w i n g th r e e e le m e n t s mu s t b e p ro v e n : ( l ) th e e v i d en c e at i s s u e w a s fav o r a b l e t o th e a c c u s e d , e i th e r b e c au s e i t i s e x c u l p a t o r

y 

### o r b e c au s e 

### i t i mp e a c h e s ; ( 2 ) th e e v i d e n c e w a s s u

p p r e s s e d b y th e p ro s e c u t i o n , e i th e r w i l l f u l l y o r i n a dv e rt e n t l y ; an d ( 3 ) p r e j u d i c e e n s u e d
. [ o m .!_ 1 )

_ 9 nw e a lth v . R g n e v , 6 22 P a . J , 2 2 , 7 9 A
. 3 d 5 9 5 , 6 0 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) , 

### c it i ng , C o m m o nw e a l th v , I l u tc h i n s o q , 6 1 l P a . 2S O , 2 5 a . J d 2 77 , 3 1 0 ( 2 0 1 l )
.

T h e e v i d e n c e at i s s u e mu s t h av e b e e n " m at e r i a l e v i d e n c e th at d e p r i v e d th e d e fe n d an t o f a fa i r tr i a l. " 

### I d

. ( c i t a t i o n an d e mp h a s i s o m i tt e d )
. : ' F av o ra

b l e e v i d e n c e i s m at e ri a l , an d c o n s t i t u t i o n a l e r

ro r r e s u lt s fr o m i t s s u

p p r e s s i o n b y th e g o v e rn m e n t , i f th e r e i s a r e a s o n a b le p ro b a b i l i ty th at , b a d th e e v i d en c e b e e n d i s c l o s e d t o th e d e fe n s e , th e r e s u lt o f th e p r o c e e d i n g w o u l d h av e b e e n d i ff e r e n t. ., \ r e a s o n a b l e p ro b a b i li ty i s a p r o b ab i l i ty s u ffi c i e n t t o un d e rm i n e c o n fi d e n c e i n th e o ut c o m e . " C o m m o nw e a l th 

### y , J? <! 9

_Q y , 6 0 9 P a . 2 72 , 1 .5 A
. 3 d 4 3 1 , 4 5 0 ( 2 0 1 1 ) ( qu o t i n g J( v l c s v . W h i _t Jt:: ) '. , 5 l 4 U
. S
. 4 1 9 , 4 3 .3 , l 5 S
. Ct
. l 5 5 5 , t:l l L. E d
. 2 d 4 9 0 ( 1 9 9 5 ) )
. R o n e y , at 22
- 2 -1 , 7 9 A. .3 cl at. 6 0 7
.

2 4O n c ro s s - e x am i n at i o n , D e t e c t i v e D o w d s i d e n t i f i e r ] p h o t o s 

## o r A s h P ark h e t o o k
w h i le h e w a s w a l k i n g th ro u g h A s h P ark w i th th e v i c t i m . (N
. T
. 1 0 / 8 /1 0 11 , 4 3 )

. D e t e c t i v e D o w d s t e s t i fi e d th at h e d i d n o t r e c a ll th e e x a c t d a l e th a t h e w a l k e d th ro u g h A s h P ark w i th th e
v i ct i m ; 

### h o w e v e r , i t w a s a f t e r h e i n t e rv i e w e d th e v i c t i m th e fir s t t i m e . (N
. T
. 1 0 / 8 ! 2 0 l 3 , 4 4 )
. D e t e c t i v e D o w d s f

urth e r t e s t i fi e d a s fo ll o w s : 

### Q : A n d y o u ar e th e i n v e s t i n g { s i c } o ffi c e r i n th e c a s e , c o rr e c t ? A : I am . Q : I n y o ur p o l i c e r e p o rt , d i d y o u p ro v i d e a n y i n d i c at i o n th at y o u h a d m e t w i th h e r an d g o n e th ro u g h th e p ark a f t e r y o u i n t e rv i e w e d h e r ? /\ : I b e li e v e l d i d
. Q : S o y o u b e l i e v e th a t th at i s th e r e ? A : Y e s . (N
. T. l 0 / 1 3 / 2 0 1 3 , 4 • 1)
.

D e fe n d an t h a s fa i l e d t o p le a d an d p ro v e b y a p r e p o n d e ran c e o f e v i d e n c e th at b e c au s e o f tr i a l co un s e l ' s fa i l ur e t o o b j e c t t o n o t r e c e i v i n g th i s p o l i c e r e p o rt , n o r el i ab l e
a d j u d i c at i o n o f g u i l t or i nn o c e n c e c o u l d 

### h av e t ak e n p l a c e . A l th o u g h th e C o m m o nw e a l th h a d n o d u ty t o d o s o , th e C o m m o nw e a lth c o n t a c t e d D e t e ct i v e D o w d s , w h o p ro v i d e d a S u p p l e m e n t a l N arr a t i v e d at e d F e b r

u ary 2 6 , 20 1 3 , w h i c h w a s p r o mp t l y p r e s e n t e d L o c o un s e l fo r D e fe n d ant . ( C o m m o nw e a lth ' s M o t i o n t o Q u a s h S ub p o e n a , E x h i b i t 8 ) 

### T h e F e b ru ary 2 6, 2 0 13 S u p p l e m e n t a l N arr at i v e co n t a i n s fa c t s a l m o s t i d e n t i c a l t o th o s e t e s t i fi e d tu a t tr i a l b y th e v i c t i m . T h e S u p p le m e n t a l N arr at i v e d i d nu t 

### o ft e r any e x c u l p a t o r y 

### e v i d e n c e o r p ro v i d e e v i d e n c e t o a l l o w D e f e n d an t t o i mp e a c h th e v i c t i m ' s t e s t i m o ny . D e f e n d a n t co u l d h av e e a s i l y i mp e a c h e d th e

2 5v i c t i m ' s t e s t i m o ny u s i n g th e Au g u s t I 0 , 2 0 1 2 S u p p l e m e n t a l N arrat i v e fo un d a l C o m m o nw e a l th ' s E x h i b i t C
- 9 5
. D e f

e n d an t h a s fa i l e d t o p ro v e th a t th e r e s u l t o f th e p ro c e e d i n g s w o u l d h av e b e e n d i ff e r e n t i f th i s S u

p p l e m e n t a l R e p o rt h a d b e e n av a i l a b le t o D e f

e n d an t. T h i s S u

p p l e m e n t a l R e p o rt p r o v i d e d a d d i t i o n a l , c o n s i s t e n t e v i d e n c e t o a ll o w th e C o m m o nw e a l th l o p ro v e th at D e fe n d an t s e x u a l l y a s s au l t e d th e v i c t i m . D e f e n d an t fa i l e d t o s h o w h o w th i s r e p o rt w a s m a t e r i a l t o h i s d e fe n s e , h o w i t w a s e x c u l p at o r y o r h o w th e o u t c o m e w o u l d h av e b e e n d i ff e r e n t i f h e h a d th i s r e p o rt. Ab s e n t th i s e v i d e n c e , D ef e n d an t ' s c l a i m mu s t fo i l.

f i n a ll y , D e f

e n d an t ar g u e s th at tr i a l c o un s e l w a s i n e ff e c t i v e fo r fa i l i n g l o c o n d u c t
a p ro p e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n an d o b t a i n v i d e o s urv e i ll an c e o f th e K o o l B ur o n th e n i g h t o f th e s e x u a l
a s s au lt a s ' N e ll a s c e ll p h o n e r e c o r d s th at w o u l d r e f ut e th e v i c t i m ' s t e s t i m o ny th a t h e r c el l p h o n e
w a s d e a d th a t n i g h t. D e fe n d an t c o n t e n d s th a t th e v i d e o s urv e i l l an c e an d th e p h o n e r e c or d s

" c o u l d h av e " p ro v i d e d a d d i t i o n a l e v i d e n c e t u c o r ro b o ra t e th e d ef

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