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2019 IL App (1st) 161426-U 

No. 1-16-1426 

October 23, 2019 

Third Division 

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and may not be cited as 

precedent by any party except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1). 

IN THE 

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS 

FIRST DISTRICT 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the 

) Circuit Court of 

Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Cook County. 

) 

v. ) No. 15 CR 2607 

) 

IAN WILLIAMS, ) Honorable 

) Evelyn B. Clay, 

Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge Presiding. 

JUSTICE HOWSE delivered the judgment of the court. 

Presiding Justice Ellis and Justice Cobbs concurred in the judgment. 

ORDER 

¶ 1 Held: Defendant’s conviction for armed habitual criminal affirmed over his contention 

that the State failed to establish beyond a reasonable doubt his constructive 

possession of a firearm and ammunition. 

¶ 2 Following a bench trial, defendant Ian Williams was found guilty of armed habitual 

criminal and two counts of unauthorized use or possession of a weapon by a felon (UUWF). The 

trial court merged the guilty findings and sentenced defendant to six years in prison for armed 

habitual criminal. On appeal, defendant contends that he was not proven guilty beyond a 
 

 

 

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reasonable doubt when the State failed to establish his constructive possession of the firearm and 

ammunition recovered. We affirm. 

¶ 3 Following defendant’s arrest, he was charged with armed habitual criminal (720 ILCS 

5/24-1.7(a) (West 2014)), possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver (720 ILCS 

570/401(c)(10) (West 2014)), and two counts of UUWF (720 ILCS 5/24-1.1(a) (West 2014)). 

¶ 4 Officer Robert Slechter testified that on the morning of January 11, 2015, he was part of a 

team executing a search warrant on the 400 block of South Cicero Avenue (the South Cicero 

address). The first floor of the building was a storefront, and when no one answered, officers 

“forced entry into the ground level.” As Slechter approached the second-floor apartment, he 

observed the front door “[c]ompletely open.” When he entered, Slechter saw defendant walking 

out of the front bedroom, and detained defendant. Slechter also observed a “female black” 

standing in the middle of the front bedroom. Once all of the apartment’s occupants were 

detained, the team began a “systematic search of the residence.” Slechter searched the front 

bedroom and recovered a Colt 1911 .45-caliber handgun loaded with eight rounds from under a 

mattress. In a shoebox a “couple” of feet from the bed, Slechter recovered a sock containing 13 

additional .45-caliber rounds. The shoebox also contained two Chicago Police Department 

“Victim Information Notices” and a credit card all bearing defendant’s name. The victim 

information notices were dated December 9, and 17, 2014. Slechter identified photographs of the 

shoebox. These photographs show that the sock was tri-colored and that the letter’s address is 

blocked by another document. 

¶ 5 During cross-examination, Slechter testified that he did not recover any documents or 

mail at the apartment that had defendant’s name and the South Cicero address. A letter recovered 

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No. 1-16-1426 

from the shoebox listed the return addressee as “Naja Bleds.” He did not see defendant put the 

gun under the mattress. 

¶ 6 Officer Arthur Carlson testified that he recovered 48 tinfoil packets and a glass jar 

containing a “brown wet leaf substance” from the freezer in the kitchen. Based upon the odor of 

the brown leaf substance and his experience, Carlson believed these items to be PCP. Later, at a 

police station, Carlson advised defendant of the Miranda rights. Defendant then stated that “he 

had been shot two weeks prior and that his cousin had given him the gun [officers] found for his 

protection.” Defendant further stated that he had moved to the South Cicero address to live with 

his father so that nothing would happen to his mother, who lived on West Van Buren. Defendant 

finally stated that he had started selling “L,” or PCP, after he lost his job at a factory. 

¶ 7 During cross-examination, Carlson testified that he did not recall whether defendant’s 

name was on the mail box and was “not sure” if defendant had a key to the residence. He did not 

see a lease or any mail or utility documents addressed to defendant. There were four to six other 

people in the apartment. Defendant did not make a written statement. Carlson understood 

defendant’s statement regarding “the gun” to mean the gun that was recovered from the 

apartment. 

¶ 8 The parties stipulated that defendant had a “Class 2 narcotics” conviction in case number 

01 CR 23276, and a “Class 1 narcotics” conviction in case number 03 CR 16179. A document 

from the Illinois State Police stating that defendant had not been issued a Firearm Owner’s 

Identification Card or a concealed carry license as of March 20, 2015, was then entered into 

evidence. The State’s photographic exhibits were also entered into evidence. The State rested 

and the defense made a motion for a direct finding, which the trial court denied. The court then 

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permitted the State to reopen its case in order to enter a stipulation that Martinique Rutherford 

would testify that of the 48 packets recovered in this case, “she found 17 *** to be PCP within a 

reasonable degree of scientific certainty.” The defense made another motion for a directed 

finding, which the trial court denied. 

¶ 9 Marvin Haney, defendant’s stepfather, testified that he lived in the second-floor 

apartment with his son Jamal. Defendant did not live there; rather, he lived with his mother on 

West Van Buren. Defendant had never lived with Haney, his name was not on the lease or on the 

mailbox, and he did not have a key. On the night before defendant’s arrest, there was a birthday 

party at the South Cicero address for another of Haney’s stepsons, Amtaeus Williams. Around 9 

a.m. the next morning, Haney, who was in his room, heard “somebody run upstairs” and “figured 

it was the police.” There were two other people in the room with him. After the police knocked 

on his closed door, he stated that there was a puppy in the room and no one had weapons. Haney 

was “subleasing” the front bedroom to “[p]eople on the block, things like that.” He did not know 

there was a gun in the front bedroom or PCP in the freezer. 

¶ 10 During cross-examination, Haney acknowledged that defendant had been shot two weeks 

before his arrest and had moved out of his mother’s house to protect her. However, defendant did 

not move in with Haney. Rather, he lived with “his mom” on Randolph. Haney then agreed that 

defendant’s mother lived on West Van Buren. During redirect-examination, Haney testified that 

although defendant came to stay after defendant was shot, Haney “guess[ed]” defendant went 

back to his mother’s home “a week or two after.” 

¶ 11 Amtaeus Williams, defendant’s brother, testified that he and defendant lived on West 

Van Buren. Defendant did not live with Haney and never had. Williams and defendant spent the 

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night at Haney’s after the birthday party. When Williams left at 7 a.m., defendant was still there. 

He denied that defendant moved out of their mother’s home after being shot. 

¶ 12 Loretta Corbett, who lived across the street from Haney, testified that she knew defendant 

and saw him every day. He lived on West Van Buren with his mother and grandfather. She 

attended the birthday party and left at 6 a.m. the next morning. Defendant was at the party and 

present in the apartment when she left. Corbett denied that defendant moved after he was shot; 

rather, he came to Haney’s home while his mother was at work. 

¶ 13 The trial court found defendant guilty of armed habitual criminal and two counts of 

UUWF. The court found that defendant, who had been previously convicted of two prior felony 

offenses, was in constructive possession of the firearm found under the mattress of the room 

from which defendant “was emerging” when the officers entered the apartment. The court further 

noted that defendant made a “statement concerning the weapon,” that is, it was given to 

defendant by his cousin. With regard to the shoebox from which ammunition was recovered, the 

court noted that the shoebox contained a “very current” credit card which was “a valuable 

possession to have, if one is not working, with them wherever they live,” and its presence in that 

room did “not make sense” otherwise. The shoebox also contained the victim information notices 

“obviously relative to Defendant having been shot.” The court found defendant not guilty of 

possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver. Defendant filed a motion for a new 

trial, which the court denied. The court merged the UUWF counts with the armed habitual 

criminal count and sentenced defendant to six years in prison for armed habitual criminal. 

¶ 14 On appeal, defendant contends that he was not proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt 

because the State failed to establish his constructive possession of the firearm or ammunition 

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No. 1-16-1426 

recovered. He notes that “three credible witnesses” testified that he did not live at the South 

Cicero address; rather, he lived with his mother and only spent the night following a party. He 

further argues that he did not constructively possess the contraband as he was merely observed 

exiting the room from which these items were recovered and no evidence showed that the gun he 

stated he received from his cousin was the same gun recovered from the South Cicero address. 

¶ 15 When a defendant challenges his conviction based upon the sufficiency of the evidence 

presented against him, we must ask whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most 

favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the 

crime beyond a reasonable doubt. People v. Brown, 2013 IL 114196, ¶ 48. All reasonable 

inferences from the record must be allowed in favor of the State. People v. Lloyd, 2013 IL 

113510, ¶ 42. It is the responsibility of the trier of fact to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to 

weigh evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from the facts. Brown, 2013 IL 114196, ¶ 48. 

A reviewing court will not substitute its judgment for that of the trier of fact on issues involving 

the weight of the evidence or the credibility of the witnesses. Id. A defendant’s conviction will 

not be overturned unless the evidence is so unreasonable, improbable, or unsatisfactory that there 

remains a reasonable doubt of his guilt. Id. 

¶ 16 To prove defendant guilty of armed habitual criminal, the State was required to prove 

beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant possessed a gun after having been twice-convicted of 

certain qualifying felonies. See 720 ILCS 5/24-1.7(a) (West 2014). Defendant disputes only the 

element of possession. 

¶ 17 Possession may be either actual or constructive. People v. Terrell, 2017 IL App (1st) 

142726, ¶ 18. In this case, it is undisputed that defendant did not actually possess the contraband 

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No. 1-16-1426 

recovered. We therefore confine our analysis to whether the evidence was sufficient to show that 

defendant constructively possessed the contraband. 

¶ 18 We note that although the trial court merged its guilty findings and only entered a 

sentence on armed habitual criminal, defendant argues on appeal that the State failed to prove 

that he constructively possessed either the gun or the ammunition recovered. 

¶ 19 To establish constructive possession, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that 

the defendant had knowledge of the presence of the contraband and exercised immediate and 

exclusive control over the area where the contraband was found. People v. McCarter, 339 Ill. 

App. 3d 876, 879 (2003). Knowledge may be demonstrated by evidence of a defendant’s 

declarations, acts, or conduct from which it can be inferred that he knew the contraband existed 

in the place where it was found. People v Spencer, 2012 IL App (1st) 102094, ¶ 17. Control is 

established when the defendant “has the ‘intent and capability to maintain control and dominion’ 

over an item, even if he lacks personal present dominion over it.” Id. (quoting People v. 

Frieberg, 147 Ill. 2d 326, 361 (1992)). “Circumstantial evidence may be used to prove 

possession and knowledge.” People v. Wright, 2013 IL App (1st) 111803, ¶ 25. “Knowledge and 

possession are factual issues, and the trier of fact’s findings on these questions will not be 

disturbed unless the evidence is so unreasonable, improbable, or palpably contrary to the verdict 

that it creates a reasonable doubt as to defendant's guilt.” People v. Brown, 277 Ill. App. 3d 989, 

998 (1996). 

¶ 20 After viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, we conclude that a 

rational trier of fact could find beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant possessed the firearm 

and ammunition recovered from the front bedroom. The evidence at trial established that the 

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firearm and ammunition were recovered from the bedroom that an officer observed defendant 

emerge from. Moreover, the shoebox from which the ammunition was recovered contained a 

credit card with defendant’s name on it, as well as Chicago Police Department notices dated the 

prior month that bore defendant’s name. Crucially, Officer Carlson testified that defendant stated 

that he had moved to the South Cicero address in order to protect his mother and that his cousin 

had given him the gun for protection following his shooting. See People v. Tates, 2016 IL App 

(1st) 140619, ¶ 19 (to establish constructive possession, the State must prove that the defendant 

had knowledge of the presence of the contraband and exercised “immediate and exclusive” 

control over the area where it was found). 

¶ 21 Although defendant is correct that his stepfather, his brother, and his stepfather’s 

neighbor testified that defendant did not live at the South Cicero address, defendant’s stepfather 

gave conflicting addresses for defendant’s mother and also admitted that defendant had lived at 

the South Cicero address for “a week or two.” Here, the trial court was presented with defense 

witnesses that testified defendant did not live at the South Cicero address or that if he had, it was 

only temporarily, and the State presented a witness who testified that defendant stated that he 

moved to the South Cicero address after he was shot. The trial court found the State’s witness 

credible, and the defense witnesses incredible, as evidenced by its guilty findings. We will not 

substitute our judgment for that of the trier of fact as to witness credibility. Brown, 2013 IL 

114196, ¶ 48 (it is for the trier of fact to determine a witness’s credibility and the weight to be 

given to testimony). 

¶ 22 To the extent defendant concludes that because his statement to Officer Carlson did not 

specifically state that the gun given to him by his cousin was the same gun recovered from the 

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South Cicero address, it cannot be used as evidence of his “knowledge or control of the specific 

gun officers found in the bedroom,” we disagree. Officer Carlson testified that defendant stated 

that “his cousin had given him the gun found for his protection.” In any event, it was for the trial 

court to weigh the evidence presented at trial and draw reasonable inferences from the facts. See 

id. 

¶ 23 We are unpersuaded by defendant’s reliance on People v. Maldonado, 2015 IL App (1st) 

131874. In that case, officers executing a search warrant at a single family house found heroin 

hidden inside a statue, a box containing two boxes of ammunition, and a box containing a scale 

and $1500 cash. The police also found an unopened, mass marketing mailer addressed to the 

defendant at the house’s address, an unopened envelope from ABC Bank addressed to the 

defendant at the house’s address, and a delivery receipt showing the defendant’s name as the 

buyer, the house’s address as the buyer’s address, and the defendant’s wife’s signature in the 

area marked “received.” The defendant was convicted of UUWF and possession of a controlled 

substance with intent to deliver. 

¶ 24 On appeal, the court reversed, finding that the State failed to establish constructive 

possession with respect to the heroin and the ammunition. Id. ¶ 24. The court concluded that the 

State did not present any direct evidence establishing the defendant’s control over the premises 

and that, even if the two mailings and one delivery receipt were sufficient to draw an inference 

that the defendant controlled the premises, the State did not present any evidence that the 

defendant had knowledge of the contraband found in the house. Id. Although the court 

acknowledged that mail addressed to a defendant found where contraband is recovered may be 

sufficient to allow an inference of residency, it would not draw the same inference when the 

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defendant was not present during the execution of the search warrant and other indicia of 

residency were not shown. Id. ¶ 29. The court further noted that the defendant never admitted his 

residency and there was no testimony that he was ever seen inside the house. Id. ¶ 34. The court 

then explained that the delivery receipt and unopened mail were “of minimal inferential value at 

best” and insufficient to establish proof of control beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. ¶¶ 34, 37. With 

regard to knowledge, the court determined that no reasonable inference flowed from the evidence 

that the defendant at any time would have known either the contents of a statue or the contents of 

the boxes where ammunition was found. Id. ¶¶ 41, 42. 

¶ 25 Unlike Maldonado, in the instant case, defendant acknowledged in a verbal statement that 

he had moved to the South Cicero address following his shooting and that the gun was given to 

him by his cousin for protection. He was also observed exiting the bedroom from which the 

handgun and ammunition were recovered when the search warrant was being executed. Finally, 

both a credit card and month-old documents bearing defendant’s name were recovered from the 

same room as the handgun and ammunition. We are unpersuaded by defendant’s argument that 

because the tri-colored sock which held the ammunition was a woman’s sock, any inference 

created by the items bearing his name is defeated. Thus, Maldonado is distinguishable from the 

facts here. 

¶ 26 Ultimately, we find that the evidence presented at trial, when viewed in the light most 

favorable to the State, was sufficient that a rational trier of fact could have found defendant 

constructively possessed the firearm and ammunition recovered from the bedroom and supported 

the trial court’s conclusion that defendant constructively possessed these items. See Brown, 2013 

IL 114196, ¶ 48 (it is the responsibility of the trier of fact to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to 

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weigh evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from the facts). We therefore affirm 

defendant’s conviction for armed habitual criminal. 

¶ 27 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County. 

¶ 28 Affirmed. 

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