T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l y c onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. A LEX CH A RLES G O O D RI D ER, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 09- 30316 D . C . N o. 4: 09 -c r- 00 01 1-S E H -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe D i s tr i c tof

M ont a na S a m E . H a ddon, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d J une 29, 2010 ** B e f o r e : A L A R C Ó N , L E A V Y , a n d G R A B E R , C ir c u it J u d g e s . C harl es A l ex G oo d R i der app ea l s f rom the 24 -m on th sent ence i m po se d f ol l ow i ng hi s gui l ty - pl e a c onvi c t i on f orc ons pi r a c y t o c om m i tthe f ta nd the f

tf r om a n I n d ia n T r ib a l O r g a n iz a tio n , in v io la tio n o f 1 8 U .S .C . § § 3 7 1 a n d 1 1 6 3 . W e



# FI LED JU L 19 2010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

ha ve j ur i s di c t i on unde r28 U . S . C . § 1291, a nd w e va c a t e the s e nt e nc e a nd r e m a nd f orr e s e nt e nc i ng. G oo d R i der c on t ends thatthe di stri ctcourterre d b y app l yi ng se nt ence e nha nc e m e nt s pur s ua ntt o U . S . S . G . §§ 3B 1. 1( a ) a nd 3B 1. 3. W hi l e a c know l e dgi ng thathe m ay be m ore c ul pabl e than som e of hi s c o-conspi ra t ors, G oo d R i der a rgues tha the w a s nota l e a de roror ga ni z e rof the c r i m i na l e nt e rpr i s e f orpurpos e s of U . S . S . G . § 3 B 1. 1(a) . G oo d R i der f urther c on t ends thathi s posi t i on as a l ow -l evel s t a f f e m pl oy e e a tthe B l a c kf e e tT r i ba l C r e di tD e pa r tm e ntw a s nota pos i t i on of tru st , an d th u s th atth e d i stri ctco u rti m p ro p erl y ap p l i ed th e ab u se o f tru st e n h a n c e m e n t u n d e rU .S .S .G . § 3 B 1 .3 . W e r e v ie w “th e d is tr ic t c o u r t's i n t erp ret at i o n o f th e S en t en ci n g G u i d el i n es de no vo . . . a n d th e d is tr ic t c o u r t's fa ctual fi nd i ng s f

or cl ea r e rr or. ” U

ni t ed Stat es v. Ki m brew , 406 F . 3d 1149, 1151 ( 9th C i r . 2005) A s G oo d R i der r ec rui t ed fa ke bo rr ow er s i nt o a fr audu l entl oan schem e, a c qui r e d a gr e a t e rs ha r e of pr of i t s , a nd w a s i ns trum e nt a l i n s t e a l i ng c he c ks , f or gi ng c he c ks , a nd de s tr oy i ng e vi de nc e of f r a udul e ntl oa ns , hi s a dm i tt e d be ha vi or c om por t s w i th A ppl i c a t i on N ot e 4 t o U . S . S . G . § 3B 1. 1, a nd the appl i c a t i on of the le a d e ro ro r g a n iz e re n h a n c e m e n t is ap p r o p r ia te . Se e U n ite d S ta te s v . G a r c ia , 497 F . 3d 964, 970 (9th C i r. 20 07 ).3

T he di s tr i c tc our tappl i e d the the n- appl i c abl e “ abus e of trus t ” e nha nc e m e nt un der U n ite d S ta te s v . Hill , 915 F . 2d 502 ( 9th C i r . 1990) . T he c our tdi d notha ve the be ne f i tof ourl a t e rde c i s i on i n U

ni t e d Stat e s v . C ontr e r as , 5 8 1 F .3 d 1 1 6 3 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 9 ) , opi ni on adopt e d i n par t and v ac at e d i n par t

e n banc , 593 F . 3d 1135 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 0 ) . T h e r e , w e h e ld th a t, p u r s u a n t to A p p lic a tio n N o te 1 o f U .S .S .G . § 3B 1. 3, the e nha nc e m e nti s appr opr i a t e onl y i f the de f e nda ntha s “ pr of

e s s i ona l or m anageri al di sc re t i on , ” s uch thatthe defendant“ because of hi s or herspec i al kn ow l edge, expert i se , or m anageri al autho ri ty, i s trust ed t o exerci se subst ant i al di sc re t i on ary j ud gm entthati s ordi nari l y gi ven con si derabl e def er ence . ” Id . a t1168 n. 5 (i nt ernal ci t at i on s a nd qu ot at i on s om i tt ed). W e there fore vaca t e the se nt ence a n d r e m a n d to th e d is tr ic t c o u r t f o rr e c o n s id e r a tio n o f

th e “ab u s e o f

tru s t” enhancem enti n l i gh tof C ontr e r as , o n a n o p e n r e c o r d . See U ni t ed Stat es v. M a t th e ws , 27 8 F . 3d 88 0, 88 5 (9th C i r. 20 02 ) ( al l ow i ng go vernm entt o i ntrodu ce new evi dence on rese nt enci ng ). S E N T E N C E V A C A T E D A N D R E M A N D E D .