Non-Hispanic black 

Hispanic

High school

1 

2-3 4-9 

TABLE 1. Percentage of persons aged �18 years who reported receiving influenza or pneumococcal vaccine* or tetanus toxoid, 

characteristics — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 1999‡ 

Characteristic 

Received influenza vaccine 

during previous 12 mos Ever received pneumococcal vaccine Rec

dur

High-risk persons All persons 

Aged 

65 yrs

(n=5,887) 

% (95% CI) 

High-risk persons All persons 

Aged 

65 yrs

(n=5,766) 

% (95% CI) 

Aged 

18–49 yrs (n=2,505) 

% (95% CI†) 

Aged 

50–64 yrs (n=1,775) 

% (95% CI) 

Aged 

18–49 yrs (n=2,099) 

% (95% CI)

Aged 

50–64 yrs (n=1,697) 

% (95% CI)

Aged 

18–49 yrs 

(n=17,516) 

% (95% CI) 

Sex 

Male 

Female 

23.6 (±3.4) 22.0 (±2.3) 

42.4 (±4.1) 47.4 (±3.6) 

67.2 (±2.2) 64.6 (±1.9) 

13.2 (±2.9)8.8 (±1.8) 

23.2 (±3.3) 27.5 (±3.3) 

50.1 (±2.5) 49.4 (±2.0) 

70.7 (±1.2) 61.8 (±1.2) 

Race/ethnicity§

 Non-Hispanic white American Indian/

Alaskan Native

Asian/Pacific Islander 

22.5 (±2.3) 20.4 (±5.2) 24.2 (±5.2)

29.6(±17.2)**¶ 

47.1 (±3.1) 34.1 (±7.2)38.1 (±6.9) ¶ ¶ 

67.9 (±1.6) 49.7 (±4.4) 55.1 (±5.1) ¶ 71.7 (±9.4) 

10.3 (±1.9)

14.0 (±4.9) 

(±2.6) 5.3 

¶ ¶ 

27.1 (±2.7) 21.4 (±6.2) 17.0 (±5.5) ¶ ¶ 

53.1 (±1.8) 32.6 (±4.4) 27.9 (±5.4) ¶ 37.0(±13.1) 

70.7 (±1.0) 58.0 (±2.5) 51.9 (±2.6) 71.0 (±7.0) 51.7 (±5.0) 

Poverty status††

 At or above 

poverty level

Below poverty level 

23.4 (±2.3) 17.7 (±4.0) 

45.9 (±3.2) 36.2 (±7.1) 

66.7 (±1.8) 58.9 (±4.8) 

10.8 (±2.0) 8.2 (±3.3) 

24.7 (±2.6) 27.1 (±6.6) 

52.0 (±1.9) 39.6 (±5.1) 

68.4 (±1.0) 63.4 (±2.9) 

Education level 

Less than high school 

 More than high school 

17.9 (±4.8) 21.5 (±3.7) 24.4 (±2.6) 

39.0 (±5.4) 43.3 (±4.8) 49.2 (±3.8) 

61.0 (±2.5) 64.5 (±2.6) 71.1 (±2.3)

 7.7 (±3.4) 10.4 (±3.4) 11.2 (±2.1) 

27.4 (±4.8) 23.0 (±3.9) 26.0 (±3.4) 

43.7 (±2.7) 48.9 (±2.6) 56.4 (±2.8) 

58.0 (±2.5) 64.9 (±1.6) 69.1 (±1.1) 

Insurance status

 Have medical insurance No medical insurance 24.5 (±2.3) 14.0 (±3.7) 46.7 (±2.9) 29.2 (±7.9) 66.0 (±1.5) ¶ 11.9 (±2.0) 4.3 (±2.0) 26.2 (±2.5) 18.4 (±5.9) 49.86(±1.6) ¶ 67.9 (±1.0) 59.0 (±2.0) 

No. physician contacts during previous 12 mos 

None 

�10

10.9 (±4.3)11.9 (±3.8) 22.3 (±4.0) 26.2 (±3.8) 28.8 (±4.2) 

21.5 (±9.8) 28.7 (±8.5) 40.2 (±6.0) 47.4 (±4.7) 53.8 (±4.7) 

34.9 (±4.6) 54.9 (±4.6) 69.0 (±2.9) 71.3 (±2.4) 70.9 (±3.1)

 4.6 (±2.9) 3.5 (±3.1) 6.4 (±2.8) 10.7 (±2.8) 19.4 (±4.0)

 9.3 (±6.4) 13.5 (±6.3) 18.8 (±4.9) 23.8 (±3.8) 37.3 (±5.0) 

26.1 (±4.7) 39.0 (±4.4) 48.7 (±2.9) 54.8 (±2.4) 57.8 (±3.1) 

57.4 (±1.9) 66.1 (±1.9) 69.2 (±1.6) 70.3 (±1.8) 72.2 (±2.1) 

Total 22.6 (±2.0) 45.0 (±2.7) 65.7 (±1.5) 10.5 (±1.7) 25.3 (±2.2) 49.7 (±1.6) 66.2 (±0.9) 

*The prevalences of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination were estimated only for persons at high risk for complications c(i.e., 18–49-year-olds and 50–64-year-olds with high risk medical conditions and all persons aged �65 years).

Persons categorized as “high risk” for influenza-related complications self-reported one or more of the following: Ever behad diabetes, emphysema, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack or other heart condition; being diagnosed with cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) or ever being told by a physician they have lymphoma, leukemia or blood cancer; in the a physician they have chronic bronchitis or weak or failing kidneys; or reporting an asthma episode or attack in the past 1
categorized as “high risk” for pneumococcal-related complications met the above criteria, excluding asthma, or reported liv

months. 
‡Provisional release data, National Health Interview Survey, 1999. n=30,801. Sample sizes might not total 30,801 because vaccination status were excluded from analysis.
 †Confidence interval. 95% CIs were calculated by multiplying the standard error by ±1.96.
 §Persons of Hispanic origin can be of any race; however, the race groups non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, American In

Asian/Pacific Islander do not include persons of Hispanic origin.
 

¶The standard of reliability is RSE <0.3 (where RSE = the ratio of the standard error and the prevalence). This estimate di

the denominator was <30. 
**Meets the standard of reliability; however, <50 respondents were in the denominator.
 

††Poverty status is based on family size, number of children aged <18 years, and family income. Published 1998 poverty thres

are used in these calculation. Persons for whom poverty level was not determined were excluded from this analysis.