T hi s or derand j udgm enti s notbi ndi ng pr ece dent , exce ptundert he * d o ctri n es o f law o f th e c ase , res jud icata, and co ll ateral estop p el. T h is co u rt gener al l ydi s favor s the ci t at i on of or der s and j udgm ent s ; neverthel es s , an or der and j udgm entm aybe ci t ed undert he t erm s and condi t i ons of 10th C i r . R . 36. 3. A ft erexami ni ng the br i efs and the appe l l at e r ecor d, t hi s t hr ee-j udge ** panel has det erm i ned unani m ous l yt hator al ar gum entw oul d notbe of mat er i al a ss ista n c e in th e d e ter m in a tio n o f th is a p p e a l. S e e F e d . R . A p p . P . 3 4 (a ); 1 0 th C ir. R . 3 4 .1 (G ). T h e c a u se is th e re fo re o rd e re d su b m itt e d w ith o u t o ra l ar g u m e n t. 

## F I LED United States C ourt of Appeals Tenth Circuit 

### S e p t e m b e r13,2006 Elisab eth A. Shumaker C l erk of C ourt UNI TED S TATES CO URT O F AP PEALS

T E N T H C IR C U IT UNI T E D S T AT E S OF AM E RI CA , Pl ai nt i ff - A ppel l ee, v. AR T UR O T OR RE S - CA RR ANZ A, D e fe n d a n t - A p p e llan t. N o. 06- 4037 ( D. C. No . 0 5 - CR- 6 0 7 - P GC)

( D . U t ah)

ORDE R AND J UDGM EN T * B efor e KELLY , M c KAY , and LU CE RO , C i rcui tJudg es. ** D efe ndant - A ppel l antA r tur o T orr es - C arr anza appea l s fr om hi s s ent ence fo llo w in g a p lea o f

g u iltyto o n e c o u n t o f ill e g a l re e n tryin to th e U n ited S tate s in v io latio n o f

8 U .S .C . § 1 3 2 6 . T h e d istric t co u rt se n ten c e d M r. T o rre s-C a rra n z a to 5 7 m o n ths im p ri so n m en t and three y ea rs su p erv ised release . O n ap p ea l, M r. T o rre s-C a rra n z a a rg u e s th a t th e m a x im u m th a t th e d istric t co u rt c o u ld leg a lly- 2 -

s ent ence hi m t o w as 24 m onths . O urj ur i s di ct i on ar i s es under28 U . S. C . § 1291 a n d 1 8 U. S . C. § 3 7 4 2 ( a ) , a n d we a ffi r m.

B ackgr ound O n A ugus t17, 2005, M r . T or r es - C arr anza w as i ndi ct ed on one c ountof i l l egal r eentr yi nt o the U ni t ed St at es . T he governm entfi l ed a not i ce of s ent enci ng enhanc ementbas ed on M r . T or r es - C arr anza ’ s pr i orfel onyconvi ct i on foraggr avat ed as s aul t , r es ul t i ng i n a pos s i bl e s ent ence of i m pr i s onm entof not m or e than 20 y ear s pur s uantt o 8 U . S. C . § 1326( b) . M r . T orr es - C arr anza ent er ed a pl ea of gui l tyand i n a s t at ementi n advanc e of the gui l typl ea he acknow l edged he w as aw ar e of thi s m axi m um t erm and admi t t ed he ha d a pr evi ous fel ony convi ct i on foraggr avat ed as s aul t . I R . D oc. 11 at1, 7- 8. A ccor di ng t o the Pr e- Sent ence R eport( “PSR ”) , thi s pr i oraggr avat ed a s s a u l tc o n v i c t i o n tr i g g e r e d a 1 6 - l e v e l s e n t e n c i n g e n h a n c e me n t . U. S . S . G. § 2L 1. 2( b) ( 1) ( A ) ( i i ) . A ft eradj us t i ng foracc ept ance of r es pons i bi l i ty , the t ot al offe ns e l e ve l w a s 21 ( w i th a c r i mi na l hi s t oryc a t e go ryof I V ) , a nd the PSR c o n c lu d e d th a t th e a p p lic a b le S e n te n c in g G u id e lin e s ra n g e w a s 5 7 -7 1 m o n th s . P S R a t2 , 8 - 9 . M r . To r r e s - Ca r r a n z a d i d n o to bj e c tt o th e P S R.

D i s cus s i on O n appea l , M r . T orr es - C arr anza cont ends thatbeca us e the i ndi ctm ent- 3 -

char ged hi m w i th a vi ol at i on of 8 U . S. C . § 1326 and di d notal l ege thathe had been pr evi ous l yconvi ct ed of a n aggr avat ed fe l ony , hi s s ent ence of 57 m onths exce eds the maxi m um penal ty( 24 m onths ) forthe offens e of c onvi ct i on as al l eged i n the i ndi ctm ent . B eca us e M r . T orr es - C arr anza fai l ed t o r ai s e thi s i s s ue befor e the di s tr i ctcourt , ourr evi ew i s forpl ai n err or . U ni t ed St at es v. O l ano, 507 U . S . 72 5, 73 2 (199 3); F ed. R . C i v. P . 52 (b) . T hu s, M r. T orr es- C arr anza m ust demonstr at e thatthe s ent ence cont ai ns ( 1) err or , ( 2) thati s pl ai n, and ( 3) thatthe err oraffect s s ubs t ant i al r i ght s . U ni t ed St at es v. V i s i nai z, 428 F. 3d 1300, 1308 ( 10th C i r . 2005) . I f thi s i s s how n, w e mayexer ci s e di s cr et i on t o corr ectthe err or onl yi f i t“s er i ous l yaffect [s ] the fa i rnes s , i nt egr i ty , orpubl i c r eput at i on of j udi ci al pr ocee di ngs . ” O l ano, 507 U . S. at732 ( quot i ng U ni t ed St at es v. A t ki ns on, 2 9 7 U . S . 1 5 7 , 1 6 0 (19 3 6 )) ( alt era ti o n in o ri g inal). M r . T orr es - C arr anza for thr i ght l yacknow l edges thatthe Supr eme C our tand the Tent h C i r cui thave rul ed aga i ns thi s pos i t i on. A pl t . B r . at3 ( ci t i ng A l m endar ez- T orr es v. U ni t ed St at es , 523 U . S. 224 ( 1998) and U ni t ed St at es v. M art i nez- V i l l al va, 232 F. 3d 1329 ( 10th C i r . 2000) ) . T he governm entcont ends th a t b e c a u se a n a g g ra v a ted fe lo n yc o n v ictio n is a se n ten c in g fa c to r a n d n o t a se p a ra te e lem e n t o f

th e o ffe n se , the d istric t co u rt p ro p e rlyse n ten c e d h im w ith in the 20- y ears t atut orym axi m um . See A l m endar ez- T or r es , 523 U . S. at226- 28, 2 3 5 ; M a rtin e z -V ill a lv a , 2 3 2 F .3 d a t 1 3 3 2 . W e a g re e . N o e rro r e x ists h e re , p lain orotherw i s e.- 4 -

W e al s o r ej ectM r . T orr es - C arr anza ’ s ar gum entthatthe di s tr i ctcourtl acke d th e ju risd ictio n to se n ten c e h im fo r a c rim e w ith w h ich h e w a s n o t ch a rg e d . A p lt. B r . at7- 8. A s not ed, w i th r es pectt o § 1326, a pr i orconvi ct i on i s a s ent enci ng fa c to r a n d n o t a n e le m e n t o f th e o ffe n s e th a t m u s t b e a lle g e d in th e in d ic tm e n t. A l m endar ez- T orr es , 523 U . S. at226- 27. W e adhe r e t o thi s pos i t i on. See U ni t ed S tat es v . M o o re, 40 1 F . 3 d 1 2 2 0 , 1 2 2 3 -24 (10 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ). AF F I RMED . E n tered fo r th e C o u rt P au l J. K ell y , Jr. C i r cui tJ udge