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APPENDIX M
SMALL BUSINESSES AND HAZARDOUS WASTE: yvHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

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# .- SMALL BUSINESSES 

# AND HAZARDOUS WASTE: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

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## . 

## A HANDBOOK FOR PEOPLE WHO PRODUCE SMAll AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTIt

. . . 

## (CONDITIONAllY EXEMPT GENERATORS)

. 

# 1m**~~~~~ ~~~M~~~@~** **m~~~~~~~~~ ~~@~~~rnm** 

. FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HAZARDOUS WASTES

### ACKNOWLEDGEMENT "NOTICE

This handbook, "Small Businesses and Hazardous Waste: What You

.Should Knoui", was prepared by the Waste Reduction Assistance Program of the Oregon Department of En.vironmental Quality (DEQ), which gratefully acknowledges the following contributors to this document:

.
Metropolitan Service District, Portland, OR City of PortlandBureau of EnvironmentalServices Unified Sewerage Agency, Washington County, OR City ofGresham, OR
Clackamas County, OR

Neither the contributors, DEQ, nor any person acting on their behalf: a. Make any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the use of any information contained in this document, or that the.use of any information; apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this document may not infringe on privately owned rights; or
b. Assume any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resultingfrom the use of any'information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this document.

This material is apublic domain document. As sucb, it may notbe copyrigbted in 'any form. Tbis material may be reproduced for educational purposes sotongasthis Notice is included and credit is given to tbe contributors listed above and to DEQ.

The material offered in this manual is not intended to be a recommendation of any particular waste reduction technique or method. Rather, this manual is .offered for educational and informational purposes. When using this manual and making any decisions concerning waste management (including waste reduction) it is recommended that the facts and circumstances be reviewed by appropriately trained professionals and consultants. This document does not necessarily reflect the views and policies ofits contributors. 

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• OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 

### Waste Reduction Assistance Program

811 SW Sixth, Portland, OR 97204-1390 (503) 229-5913, toll-free within Oregon 1-800-452-4011 September 1992



### 1

### TABLE OF CONTENTS 

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

### INOTICE
INTRODUCTION 4
!:-",,,,

. 

# c.,'"
WHAT IS A HAZARDOUS WASTE? 1-1 

# V IListed Hazardous Wastes 1-2 2.Characteristic Hazardous Wastes 1-2 Listed Hazardous Wastes 1-2 Characteristic Wastes•....••..........•.....••... 1-2

Ignitability 1-2 Corrosivity 1-2 Reactivity 1-3 Toxicity 1-3 "State Only" Hazardous Waste 1-3 ExcludedWastes ..............•...•.•..............1-4 Impacts ofHazardous Wa.,te••..........•...1-4

Municipal Waste Landfills 1-4 Sewer Systems/Wastewater

Treatment Plants 1-4 Streams and Rivers 1-4



### 2
TABLE OFCONTENTS 1',;'" 

# cA. HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS 2·1 

# V Who Produces Hazardous Waste? .•.....2-1 Type ofBusiness(fype of Hazardous Waste Generated 2-2 Hazardous Waste Generators .....•.........2-3

Generator Status Determination 2-3 Hazardous Waste Generator

Categories 2-4 Conditionally Exempt Generator (CEG)..2-4 SmallQuantity Generator (SQG) 2-4 Large Quantity Generator (LQG) 2-4 Generator Category is

Determined Monthly 2-5 Determining Your

Generator Category 2-6 How to Find Your

GeneratorCategory 2-6 Waste Accumulated 2-6 Waste Transported 2-6 Waste Recycled 2-6 Annual Reporting 2-6



### SPECIFIC WASTE MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT GENERATORS 3·1 Specific Waste Management

Requirements for CEGs 3-2 Benefits ofProper Hazardous Waste Management 3-2 Reduced Economic Liability 3-2 Reduced Insurance Costs ,3-2 Maintain Property Value 3-2 Enhanced Public Image of Business 3-2 Minimize Worker Exposure 3-2

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...

# _-

..... ,

### TABLE OF CONTENTS 

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• c 

### IN-HOUSE WASTE AUDIT 

### 4-1 

# Y Step 1 

### thru 

### 4 4-2 Handling 4-2 Storage .4-2 Disposal 4-2 Recycle/Reduce/Reuse 4-2 

### Develop a WasteManagementPlan .4-2 

# ca.. WASTE MANAGEMENT TIPS 

# T AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5-1 

### WasteReduction 5-2 DisposalTips .5-2 ContainerStorage 5-2 Waste Transportation 5-2 GeneratorRegistration .5-2 Hazardous Waste ManagementFirms .5-2 

### WasteManagement Options for

Specific Wastes 5-3

# (~ 

# V DEQ REGIONAL OFFICE MAP 6-1

# ~~=~O~~~s.~~~~ 

# 7.1

Key WordSubjectIndex 7-2 Waste Materials ExchangeNumbers 7-2 KeyOfficesDirectory 7-3 Information andSafety Hotlines 7-4


# • GLOSSARYOFTERMS 8-1


### APPENDIX 1 8-6 EPA Hazardous Wastes 8-6 "F" Listed HazardousWastes 

### 8-6 ConditionallyExempt Generator Information Form 8-9



### 3
TABLE OFCONTENTS**,--~-** -----**------~~-~---------- -------------~------------** 



### INTRODUCTION


# The purpose of this handbook is to provide information about hazardous waste management to businesses that produce small amounts of hazardous waste or "conditionally exempt generators." Specifically, this handbook can be used to help identify what wastes are hazardous and what reduction, storage, and disposal options exist for the management of hazardous waste. This handbook does not replace state and federal hazardous waste regulations; it is to be used as a general reference to accompany the regulations. For more specific information about state and federal hazardous waste regulations, call DEQ Waste Reduction Assistance Program (WRAP) 

### at (503) 229-5913. More than 200 million tons of hazardous waste

are generated in 

### the United States each year. Hazardous
waste is generated by nearly all industrial and commercial activities. Thousands of leaking toxic dumps, pits, ponds and lagoons resulting from improperly managed hazardous wastes present expensive and often irreversible environmental problems. Responsible hazardous waste management and knowledge of waste management options can help minimize these problems.

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# WHAT ISA HAZARDOUS WASTE? 

# A haz ardous waste, according to state andfederal regulations, is any hazardous solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material that no longer is used) is recycled) is thrown away) or is stored until enough has accumulated for
treatment or disposal.

1-1According to state and federal regulations, hazardous waste is any hazardous solid, liquid or contained gaseous material that is no longerused, is recycled, is thrown away, or is stored until enough has accumulated for treatment or disposal. Waste is considered hazardous if it: • Causes injury, illness or death; or • Damages or pollutes the land, air or water.
For regulatory purposes, hazardous wastes are categorized in two ways:



### • Listed hazardous wastes

• Characteristic hazardous wastes

LISTED HAZARDOUS WASTES Listedhazardous wastes are associated with specific process operations, such. as degreasing or plating. 

### The following is a partial listof"listed" hazardous wastes. • Manyspent halogenated solvents and mixtures ofthese solvents used as cleaners/degreasers: carbon tetrachloride, freon, dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene (perc), trichloromethane, trichloroethylene. See Appendix 1 for "F" listed wastes. • Manyotherwaste cleaners/strippers: acetone/butyl alcohol, carbon disulfide, cresol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MlBK), methyl (wood) alcohol, toluene, xylene. (See Appendix 1) • Wastes derived from products that contained, before use, a total of 10percent or more by volume of individual solvents or solvent mixtures or blends. • Residues (still bottoms) from stills or any other system used to recover spent solvents. • Mostwastes from electroplating operations: cleaning/stripping tank solutions, plating bath solutions and sludge, and sludge from pretreatment ofwastewaterfrom this process.

• Certain wastes from the heat treatment of metals. • Wastes produced during specific manufacturing processes including manufacturing ofcertain chemicals, explosives, inks and pigments, petroleum refining, and steel finishing (pickle liquor). 

### 1-2
WHATISA HAZARDOUS WASTE? • Many out-of-date commercial products are listed as hazardous wastes: aniline, certain antibiotics, arsenic compounds, formaldehyde, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen sulfide, lead compounds, mercury compounds, naphthalene, many nitrogen compounds, many pesticides, pentachlorophenol (penta), phenols and pyradine. This list includes more than 200 chemicals. • Certain pesticide wastes. • Anyresidue or contaminated soil, water or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill into or on any land or water, or any residues that are federally-listed hazardous wastes.



### CHARACTERISTIC WASTES Characteristic hazardous wastes exhibit certain properties that make them harmful to human health and/or the environment. These properties are:



### IGNITABILITY



### Ignitability A liquid is considered ignitable ifit has a "flash point" below 140 degrees E A solid is considered hazardous if it can spontaneously catch fire and bum so persistently that it presents a hazard.



### CORROSIVITY



### Corrosivity Anywater-based waste having a "pH" (the unit used to describe the strength of an acid or caustic) less than orequal to 2.0, or greaterthan or equal to 12.5, is considered corrosive. Any liquid that can corrode steel at the rate of 1/4" peryear also is classified as corrosive. 

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Note: Oregon law requires thegenerator to determine all applicable waste codes; e.g., a correcthazardous waste determinationfor wastepaintandpaint thinnermixmightbe DOOI 

### (ignitable), F003 and F005 (jar acetone and toluene thinners used to clean

• the spraygun) andD008 (jar lead as a constituentof thepaint).

### ~:'**~"':-** 

### c

EPAHW Toxic Regulatory Code Constituent Level ppm D004 Arsenic 5.0 D005 Barium 100.0 D006 Cadmium 1.0 D007 Chromium 5.0 D008 Lead 5.0 D009 Mercury 0.2 DOlO Selenium 1.0 DOll Silver 5.0 D012 Endrin 0.02 D013 Lindane 0.4 D014 Methoxychlor 10.0 D015 Toxaphene 0.5 D016 2,4-D 10.0 D017 2,4,5-TP(Silvex) 1.0 D018 Benzene 0.5 D019 Carbon tetrachloride 0.5 D020 Chlordane 0.D3 D021 Chlorobenzene 100.0 D022 Chloroform 6.0 D023 o-Cresol 200.0 D024 m-Cresol 200.0 D025 p-Cresol 200.0 D026 Cresol 200.0 D027 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 7.5 D028 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.5 D029 1,1-Dichlorethylene 0.7 D030 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 0.13 D031 Heptachlor (and its epoxide) 0.008 D032 Hexachlorobenzene 0.13 D033 Hexachlorobutadiene 0.5 D034 Hexachloroethane 3.0 D035 Methyl ethyl ketone 200.0 D036 Nitrobenzene 2.0 D037 Pentachlorophenol 100.0 D038 Pyridine 5.0 D039 Tetrachloroethylene 0.7 D040 Trichloroethylene 0.5 D041 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 400.0 D042 2,4,6- Trichlorophenol 2.0 D043 VinylChloride 0.2 

### TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC (Te) REACTIVllY



### Reactivity Unstable or explosive wastes, or wastes that react violently when brought into contact with water are considered reactive. Wastes that release toxic vapors, such as hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen sulfide, also
are reactive.



### ToxicityCharacteristic Wastes that release certain amounts oftoxic metals, solvents or other materials when subjected to a specific laboratory procedure are known as toxicity characteristic (TC) wastes. Ifa lab sample ofwaste exceeds these levels, the waste is toxic, and therefore is considered hazardous. Refer to the following list for toxic materials subject to toxicity characteristic testing. 

# •

1-3
WHATISA HAZARDOUS WASTE?

# 0.-------_.------- EXCLUDED WASTES Some solid wastes are excluded from regulation as a hazardous waste, even though they may possess hazardous waste characteristics. The exclusion depends on the type ofthe material, and/or the waste management method. Below is a partial listing of the most common wastes that are generally excluded from being ahazardous waste.

• Household hazardous waste

• Intact used lead-acid batteries when destined for off-site recycling • Used oil that has not been mixed with a hazardous waste (such as a solvent) and is properly recycled or used for energy recovery

• Household sewage • Residue in empty containers • Materials recycled on-site in a closed loop process For a more complete discussion ofhazardous waste determination, please refer to DEQ's

### Handbookfor Small Quantity Generators.



### 1-4
WHATISA HAZARDOUS WASTE? --------------


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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE There are a number ofways-besides accidental spills and improper disposal-that hazardous wastes reach the environment. 

### Municipal Waste 

### Landfills Land disposal of hazardous waste has long been the first choice ofindustry and businesses. Before the regulatory activities of the 1970's, most hazardous wastes from industry and businesses that could not be discharged into rivers and streams were eitherdumped into municipal landfillswith household garbage, or they went into unlined landfills at the industrial site. Concerns began to rise as it became apparent that some wastes being disposed ofwith ordinary garbage were dangerously reactive, flammable, corrosive or toxic. As a result of this discovery, regulations were developed to direct and encourage hazardous waste generators to treat certain hazardous wastes destined for landfills or to consider alternate disposal options. Manylandfill operators, either to comply with new regulations, or out of concern for long term liability, restrict the wastes 

# 0" they will accept. Liquids are ofparticular concern because oftheir ability to seep through landfill liners with the potential ofcontaminating groundwater sources. 

### Sewer SystemslWastewater Treatment Plants Hazardous waste discharged to a sewage system may contain toxic materials that adversely affect the treatment process at the sewage treatment plant. These wastes can also degrade the collection system and can pose a health threat to workers. Discharge of ignitable wastes have the potential of causing an explosion in the collection system. 

### Streams and Rivers Prior to regulations such as the Clean Water Act, many industries simply discharged untreated wastes to streams and rivers. However, discharging these wastes directly into waterbodies can pollute water supplies, can be fatal to fish, and, over time, can negatively impact boating, swimming, and fishing. Hazardous wastes can also enter waterways indirectly asrunoffcarrying hazardous materials enters storm drains.

# •

•

• HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS 

# Businesses that generate hazardous waste can range in sizefrom smallprint shops, service stations and dry cleaners, to large international chemical companies. Hazardous waste is 

## generated by all types ofbusinesses and organizations. Even schools produce hazardous wastes in theirlabs, maintenance departments andauto shops.



# • •



### 2-1

### WHO PRODUCES HAZARDOUS WASTE? While hazardous waste generally is associated with large industries, in the State ofOregon there are far more small businesses that produce hazardous wastes than large businesses. What types of small businesses generate hazardous waste? Following is a list of the typical kinds of hazardous wastes commonly produced by specific businesses.



### TYPE OF BUSINESS



### Construction

Educational and Vocational Shops

Equipment repair



### 2-2
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS 

### TYPE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED

Acids/Bases (cleaners, etching wastes) Ignitable wastes (waste paint, paint sludge) Solvents (degreasers, thinners)

Acids/Bases (cleaning solutions, lab wastes) Ignitable wastes (cleaning solutions) Reactives (lab wastes) Solvents (degreasers, paint solvents)

Acids/Bases (cleaners) Heavy metals (antifreeze, oils) Ignitable wastes (paint sludges, thinners) Solvents (degreasers, cleaners) 

### TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED


### Furniture refinishing Ignitable wastes (paint wastes, strippers, thinners) Solvents (cleaners) Acids/Bases (stripper dip tanks)



### Laboratories Acids/Bases (cleaning solutions, lab reagents) Heavy metals (lab wastes, reagents) Ignitable wastes (cleaning solutions) Reactives (lab reagents) Solvents (lab reagents, cleaners)
Dry 

### cleaners Solvents (filtration residues, cleaning solvents, filter cartridges)



### Metal manufacturing Acids/Bases (pickling baths, etching solutions) Cyanide wastes, Heavy metals (plating baths, rinse waters) Solvents (cleaning solutions, degreasers)

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Asyou can see, a lot of different businesses produce hazardous waste in small amounts. Yet, surprisingly, the categories of waste generated by each ofthese different businesses are often similar. 

# •

• TYPE OF BUSINESS

Printing



### Vehiclemaintenance and auto bodywork TYPE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED

Acids/Bases (plate etching solutions) Heavy metals (waste inks, sludges, plating waste) Solvents (cleaning solutions, fountain solutions, blanket washes)

Acids/Bases (hot tank wastes, lead-acid batteries) Heavy metals (hot tank wastes, antifreeze) Solvents (degreasers, cleaners) Ignitable wastes (waste paints, paint sludges, thinners) 

### HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS 

### Generator category is 

### determined in 

### two ways: Volume ofhazardous waste produced per month, OR <Y Volume ofhazardous waste stored on site at any one time. It is the responsibility ofthe business that causes a waste to be generated to decide whetherthe waste is hazardous. Manybusinesses do not think they "generate" hazardous waste because their operations do not involve an industrial or manufacturing process. However, hazardous wastes may be generated when: A material has been used and is spent, such as a used solvent, OR Astored material has exceeded its shelf life, is no longer usable and must be discarded. For example, a construction company will not generate the types ofhazardous wastes commonly associated with an industrial process, but it may generate hazardous waste in the form ofdiscarded paints and solvents or othermaterials, and thus would be classified as a hazardous waste generator.



### 2-3
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS

### HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS FALL INTO THREE CATEGORIES DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT GENERATED IN ONE MONTH OR THE AMOUNT OF WASTE STORED ONTHE SITE AT ANY ONE TIME.

YOU ARE A CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT SMALL QUANTITY GENERATOR (CEG) IF

... 

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In 

### one calendar month 

### you
...

• generate 2.2 pounds or less ofacute hazardous wastes, or

• generate 220 pounds or less ofhazardous wastes, or

• generate 220 pounds or less of spill cleanup debris containing hazardous waste, or



### Atany time you
...

• accumulate up to 2,200 pounds ofhazardous waste on-site



### YOU ARE A SMALL QUANTITY GENERATOR (SQG) 

### IF

...
In 

### one calendarmonth

### you
..

• generate more than 220 pounds and less than 2,200 pounds of hazardous wastes, or

• generate more than 220 pounds and less than 2,200 pounds of spillcleanup debris containing hazardous wastes, or



### Atany time you
...

• accumulate more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste on-site



### YOU ARE A LARGE QUANTITY GENERATOR (LQG) 

### IF

...


### In 

### one calendarmonth 

### you
...

• generate 2,200 pounds or more of hazardous waste, or

• generate 2,200 pounds or more of spill cleanup debris containing hazardous waste, or

• generate more than 2.2 pounds ofacute hazardous waste, or

• generate more than 220 pounds of spill cleanup debris containing an acute hazardous waste, or 

### Atany time you
...

• accumulate more than 2.2 pounds ofacute hazardous waste on-site 

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2-4
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS

### HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION

- - - - -

- - - --- - 

### GENERATOR "A" I

c '

## 'r-**.q, .<..** **<v 0~** 

---------------------- 

# •

2201bs.



# oIbs. Jan Feb Mar Apr 

### May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

GENERATOR CATEGORY IS DETERMINED MONTHLY DEQ bases a generator's category on the largest amount of hazardous waste generated during a single month within a year. For example, ifabusiness produces more than 220 Ibs. of hazardous waste for any calendar month during the year, that business will not be considered a CEG for that year. The same is true of a generator who stores more than 2,200 Ibs. ofhazardous waste at any time. 

### Considerthe following: Eventhough Generator "A"produced less than 220 Ibs. in 11 months of the year,because May'sgeneration exceeded 220 Ibs., this generator is considered a Small Quantity Generator (SQG) for the purposes of waste reporting. They must report total waste generated for the year and pay fees. They must also manage May's hazardous waste as a small quantity generator and comply with the appropriate small quantity generator hazardous waste regulations. For the other 11 months they may manage theirhazardous waste as a conditionallyexempt hazardous waste generator. For more information on hazardous waste management requirements for SQGs, refer to DEQ's

### Handbookfor Small Quantity Generators.



### 2201bs.



# • 220pounds is approximately one balf of a 55 gallon drum.



### 2-5
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS

### DETERMINING YOUR GENERATOR CATEGORY Since the regulations for each ofthe hazardous waste generatorcategories are different, it is important to be aware ofchanges in the quantity ofwaste you produce for anyone calendar month, and how any changes may effect your compliance requirements. 

### How to find outyour generatorcategory: 1. Determine the type and maximum amount of hazardous waste generated in one calendarmonth. When measuring the amount ofhazardous waste generated, include the following:

• Waste accumulated priorto recycling, transporting, storing, treating or disposing. • Waste transported off-site for treatment, storage, disposal or recycling. • Waste recycled on-site.

2. Once you have calculated the total amount of hazardous waste produced in one month, refer to the generator status classifications in the previous section. Ifyou have any questions concerning the types and amounts ofhazardous waste your business produces and your generatorcategory, contact either the regional offices listed on page 

### 6-1 or the DEQ's Waste Reduction Assistance Program at 

### (503) 229-5913.



### 2-6
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS 

### ANNUAL REPORTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE Ifyou are a CEG

### only, and you are 

### not also atreatment, storage, disposal facility, you do not need to complete hazardous waste reporting forms. You do need to complete reporting forms if you are a: • SmallQuantity Generator. • LargeQuantity Generator.

• Treatment, Storage or Disposal facility(TSD).

• Designated recycling facility. DEQ's "Hazardous Waste Reporting Forms" describe exactly who needs to complete forms, and which forms need to be filled out. For a copy of the forms and guidebook, contact the Waste Reduction Assistance Program at 

### (503) 229-5913. 

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• SPECIFIC WASTE MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT GENERATORS 

# A . lthough the amounts ofhazardous wastes they produce are small,

.: conditionally exempt generators still have a responsibility to manage their
wastesproperly for theprotection of human health andthe environment

.



# ..---- -**~~** 

# = >.- , I



### 3-1

## "'**''' ~~**  o 

# -------,--------- SPECIFIC WASTE MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FORCEGs· CEGsare not regulated in the same way as large producers ofhazardous waste. Still,they have a responsibility to manage hazardous wastes properly. A CEGmay treat its hazardous waste in an on-site facility or ensure delivery to an off-sitetreatment, storage or disposal facility. The off-site management facility must be:

• a designated hazardous waste management facility; or,

• a designated recycling facility; or, • a facility permitted to take municipal or industrial solid waste. Please note: solid waste management facilities have control overwhat types of wastes they will accept. SOLID WASTE FACILITIES ARE NOTALLOWED TO ACCEPT LIQUIDS FORDISPOSAL. When in doubt, contact the landfill operator. Many facility operators restrict disposal of all types ofhazardous waste at their facilities. YOUSHOULD HAVE THEAPPROVAL OF THERECElVlNG FACILITY TO LEAVE YOUR WASTE THERE!

CEGsare not required to have a DEQ/EPA Identification Number, but most transporters and disposal facilities will not accept hazardous waste without a DEQ/EPA Identification Number and a proper hazardous waste manifest. 

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• ReducedInsurance Costs Manyinsurance companies require an environmental audit of businesses before issuing policies. Acompany practicing responsible waste management may qualify for lower insurance rates. On the other hand, ifa company has sloppy managementpractices, or ifthey are unable to account for all oftheirwaste activity, they may be charged higher rates, or in some cases, may be refused coverage.



### • Maintenance ofPropertyValue Aproperty with known or suspected contamination from hazardous wastes can suffer serious loss of value, and lending institutions may hesitate to offer loans on such properties.



### • Enhanced Public Image ofBusiness Manycustomers prefer doing business with organizations that manage their hazardous wastes responsibly.



### • MinimizedWorkerExposure OSHA requires that certain workplace safety standards be followed. Properhazardous waste 

# 0)
management can reduce worker exposure to chemicals. Proper waste management makes sense not only from a regulatory compliance standpoint, but it makes sense in terms ofreducing risk to humans and the environment. It also makes good economic sense.



### Benefits ofProper Hazardous Waste Management Beyond reducing environmental risks, propermanagement ofhazardous waste makes good business sense. Here are some ofthe benefits of a sound hazardous waste management program:



### • Reduced Economic Liability Improper disposal ofhazardous waste can lead to very costly cleanups. Under Federal law, businesses are liable for clean up ofimproper hazardous waste disposal, hazardous waste spills and/orreleases. The economic burden of such liability can be minimized, ifnot altogether avoided, through good waste management techniques.



### 3-2
SPECIFIC WASTE MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CONDITIONAllY EXEMPT GENERATORS 

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# •

• IN-HOUSE WASTE AUDIT 

# T aking a close look atyourcurrentpractices is thefirst step towardachieving the benefits of properhazardous waste management

.



# • I I**HI1'2~OUS**

## -~~ L.tsr**~-** 

### ;:---

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# -.. -**~~ ":.~**  

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. .



### 4-1**<v 't-** **~~** (, 

# -------_.------ o

IN-HOUSE WASTE AUDIT One of the best ways to begin developing a good hazardous waste management program is to 

### perform an inhouse waste audit. The purpose of the audit is to determine not only what hazardous wastes your business currently generates, but to begin exploring all the options available to store, treat and dispose ofthese wastes. Step 1 Inventory Wastes Produced. list all wastes currently produced. Step 2 Decide Which Wastes are Hazardous. If you are unsure ofwhich wastes are considered hazardous, contact DEQ at your nearest regional office (see page 6-1) 

### or call (503) 229-5913. Step 3 Determine Generator Category (see Chapter 3). Step 4 EvaluateCurrentWaste Management Methods. 

### DEVELOP A WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Once you have completed an in-house audit, it 

### is time to prepare a Waste Management Plan. Even if you produce only smallamounts of hazardous waste, it is wise to have such a plan. In addition to answering the questions raised in the previous section, the plan should include emergency guidelines for spills,phone numbers of hazardous waste management companies and emergency response teams, recycling centers, hazardous waste collection event information, and trade association numbers.



### Handling How is waste presently handled? How many employees are trained to handle hazardous waste? Is training adequate? Is there enough background information (e.g., MSDS) on the chemicals in the waste to understand the health and environmental risks?

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## I

I J 

# I ". 

# I,I Storage Where is the waste stored? Forhow long? Are several small containers used to hold waste? Is the waste accumulated in large containers? Are all waste containers properly labelled?



### Recyle/Reduce/Reuse Could any of the waste be recycled, reduced or reused? A lot of work has been done in the area of waste reduction. Even simple waste reduction methods can result in significant savings. DEQ has information on waste reduction for specific businesses. 

### Disposal What are all the disposal options? Are some of these wastes "banned" from landfilling? What are the costs of different disposal options?



### 4-2
IN-HOUSE WASTE AUDIT

# •

•

• WASTE MANAGEMENT TIPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

# F inally, there are several general waste management recommendationsfor managing hazardous waste.

IHl\ZIIlUY"

. 

# I I '

### L;"~ I

# ~'".**~I:** -""

" 

# , . J I,



### 5-1There are several things to keep in mind when developing the best hazardous waste management program for your business. 

### 1. Waste Reduction Reducing hazardous waste or eliminating hazardous waste altogether is the best way to avoid liability, the expense ofhazardous waste management, and the risks to human health and the environment. Consider reduction methods. 

# o together. Mixed hazardous wastes are more

### diffic~lt and expensive to treat. Also, do not mix nonhazardous waste with hazardous waste since the resulting mixture becomes hazardous. 

### 4. Waste Transportation Conditionally Exempt Generators are allowed to transport their own waste as long as the waste is in a labelled container and the containers are in good condition and not leaking. Registered hazardous waste transporters may be used but may require you to have a DEQIEPA Identification Number. 

### 5. GeneratorRegistration Conditionally Exempt Generators are not required to register their hazardous activity with eitherDEQor the EPA. However, hazardous waste management firms mayrequire you to have aDEQIEPA Identification Number. For additional information on obtaining a DEQIEPA Identification Number, call (503) 229-6511. 

### 6. Hazardous Waste ManagementFirms Not allhazardous waste managementfirms are 

# C) qualified to manage your wastes. Be sure when dealing with firms to ask for references and always be sure that the terms of the contract are quite clear. Know where your waste is going and the disposal and management methods used. Check with DEQconcerning the disposal firm's regulatory compliance record. 

### 2. DisposalTips Don't dispose ofhazardous or industrial waste in septic systems, dry wells, bore holes, or on the land. Waste should not be disposed of in stormdrains, streams, rivers or otherwaterbodies. Hazardous waste should not be placed in sewer systems or municipallandftlls withoutprior permission. Do dispose of hazardous waste at permitted hazardous waste facilities. See the list on the following page for some common management methods for specific types of waste. 

### 3. Container Storage Don't store hazardous waste containers on a gravel surface. Where possible, hazardous waste should be stored on an impermeable surface with secondary containment. Concrete byitselfis not impermeable. Keep empty containers closed on their sides with theirbungs in when stored outside. This prevents rainwaterfrom ftlling the container. Allcontainers should be labelled with their contents whether they contain waste, product, or are empty. ' Do not mix different types ofhazardous waste



### 5-2
WASTE MANAGEMENTTIPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

# mm o

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•

•**"' ~~**  

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# ------------------------ WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR SPECIFIC WASTES Below are some management options that are currently in use for specific wastes. The list does not include all options that may be available. The location ofyour business and the amount ofwaste you generate may affect what options are most appropriate. In all cases, waste reduction should be considered first to minimize the amount of waste that needs to be managed. Many of the methods listed below may require the services of a waste management firm.

I . -**.~.** -- ---- - Common Management Method I Waste Type Comments

- . - - -- - - --- - _.-

- ,-

-**.~,** -- Solvents Recycling (on-site or off-site), disposal at a Very often hazardous, is usually hazardous waste management facility recycled
Paint waste Use, recycle (ifpossible), donate to someone Latex paint is usually not



### . who can use, solidify and landfill iflatex, hazardous; oil based paint dispose at a hazardous waste management facility is often hazardous
Used oil Recycle off-site, burn on-site for space heat Not regulated as hazardous in approved furnace 

## ifrecycled; very often is hazardous
Used oil filters Recycle, may go to a municipal waste landfill Used oil filters are exempt ifdrained or crushed from being a hazardous waste when properly drained or crushed. ("Terne" plated filters are not exempt.) Dry-cleaning solvent Dispose of at a hazardous waste management Hazardous if solvent is sludges and filters facility perchloroethylene; often hazardous ifStoddard solvent Printing 

### inkwastes Recycle, use unused ink, landfill (ifsolidified Is often hazardous due to and not hazardous), disposal at a hazardous solvent or metal content waste management facility
Hot 

### tank liquids Treatment on-site/off-site (neutralize and Very often hazardous, often de-water), dispose at a hazardous waste can be neutralized and liquids management facility discharged to sewer. Ifliquid is to be discharged to sewer, check with sewer agency. Sludge left from neutralization may be hazardous.
Hot 

### tank sludges Dispose at a hazardous waste management Very often hazardous facility
Antifreeze Recycle on-site/off-site Can be hazardous, some sewer agencies allow small amounts to be discharged.


### 5-3
WASTE MANAGEMENT TIPS AND**RECOMMENDATlON~**

# •

DEQ REGIONAL OFFICE MAP

WILLAMEITE VALLEY REGION 

# • NORTHWEST REGION 1500 S.W. 1st Ave. Suite #750 Portland, OR 97201 

### "B'(503) 229-5263

750 Front St. N.E., Suite 120 Salem, OR 97310 

### "B' (503) 378-8240
Counties: Marion Polk Yamhill lincoln Benton linn Lane Counties: Clatsop Tillamook Multnomah Columbia Washington Clackamas 

### EASTERN REGION 700 S.E. Emigrant, Suite 330 Pendleton, OR 97801 

### "B'(503) 276-4063 Counties: Gilliam Morrow Umatilla Wallowa Union Wheeler Grant Baker Malheur



### Regional Offices ofthe Oregon Department ofEnvironmental Quality 

# • SOUTHWEST REGION 201 W. Main Street, Suite 2-D Medford, OR 97501 

### "B' (503) 776-6010 Counties: Coos Douglas Curry Josephine Jackson 

### CENTRAL REGION 2146 N.E. 4th Suite 104 Bend, OR 97701 

### "B'(503) 388-6146 Counties: Hood River Wasco Crook Klamath Harney Sherman Jefferson Deschutes Lake



### 6-1

# •

•

• I '



# INFORMATION ASSISTANCE/TELEPHONE LISTS 

# W · e all have questionsfrom time to time about how toproceed or what ',', applies to us. Thesephone listsareprouided 

## to assistyou when a question

_. arises. Protecting Oregon's environment is 

## an importantjob. If

## you have questions, call.

7-1- ---**-~----** 

### -----



## KEYWORD SUBJECT INDEXAND IMPORTANT NUMBERS TO CALL FOR MORE INFORMATION 

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KEYWORD TELEPHONE# AGENCY WASTE MATElUALS EXCHANGE TELPHONE#

PCBs (EPA) 326-3250 U.S. EPA Pesticides, Fungicides, Insecticides, Herbicides

Department of Agriculture 378-3776 AGRI. DEQ 229-5913 DEQ 

### Spills/Notifications

OREGON EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM 1-800-452-0311 EMD Ocean or Navigable Waters 240-9300 U.S. Coast Guard National Response Center 1-800-424-8802 U.S. Coast Guard Toxics Chemical Release Inventory Report 378-3473 STATE FIRE MARSHAL Transportation ofHazardous Waste

Public Utility Commission 378-5916 PUC Underground Storage Tanks

General Information 229-5733 DEQ Leaking tanks Notify appropriate regional office (see page 6-1) ALBERTA WASTE MATERIALS EXCHANGE .403-450-5408 P.O. Box 8330, Postal Station F Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5X2 BRITISHCOLUMBIA WASTE EXCHANGE 604-731-7222 1525 West 8th Avenue, Suite 102 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6J 1T5 CALIFORNIAWASTE EXCHANGE 916-324-1807 P.O. Box 942732 Sacramento, California 94234-7320 CALMAX 916-327-9366 California Integrated Waste Mgmt. Board 1-800-553-2962 1020 9th Street Sacramento, California 95814 IMEX 206-296-4899 172 20th Avenue Seattle, Washington 98122 MONTANAINDUSTRIAL WASTE EXCHANGE 406-442-2405 P.O. Box 1730 Helena, Montana 59624 PACIFIC MATERIALS EXCHANGE 509-623-4244 South 3707 Godfrey Boulevard Spokane, Washington 99204 

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7-2
INFORMATION ASSISTANCElTElEPHONE LISTS 

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## KEY OFFICES DIRECTORY LIST

KEY OFFICES DIRECTORY TELEPHONE # 

### KEY OFFICES DIRECTORY TELEPHONE #



# •

• DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Hotline(Toll Free) 1-800-452- 4011 Air 

### QualityDivision Asbestos 229-5982 General Information 229-5359 Vehicle Inspection 229-6238 Wood Burning Stoves 229-5177 Hazardous and SolidWaste 229-5913 Enforcement(Civil Penalties) 229-6232 H.W Reduction and Permitting 229-5913 H.W Policyand ProgramDevelopment.. 229-5913 H.W Identification Number 229-6511 Solid Waste Permits arid Compliance 229-5913 Reduction and Recycling 229-5913 Tire Disposal 229-6912 Environmental Cleanup Division 229-6170 Drug lab Cleanup 229-6170 Site Data BaseInformation, PreliminaryAssessments, Confirmed ReleaseUST 229-6170 Site Response Program 229-6170 Underground StorageTanks 229-5733 VoluntaryCleanup Program 229-6712 Management ServicesDivision General Information 229-6484 Tax Credit. 229-6408 Regional Offices Northwest Region 229-5263 WillametteValley Region 378-8240 Southwest Region 776-6010 Central Region 388-6146 Eastern Region 276-4063 WaterQualityDivision 229-5279 Construction Grants 229-5340 HEALTH DIVISION Drinking Water 229-6307 OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFElY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

(OSHA) 378-3272 or 1-800-922-2689

PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION

(PUC) 378-6611 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCY

(EPA) REGION X 206-553-1200 EPA HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D.C. 202-382-2090 EPA OREGON OPERATIONS OFFICE 503-326-3250 EPA SmallBusinessOmbudsman Regional Office 206-553-4280 Headquarters

. 202-557-1938 WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT Abandoned WaterWells 378-3739



### 7-3
INFORMATION ASSISTANCEfTELEPHONE LISTS

## INFORMATION AND SAFETY HOTLINES**~" ~~**  o



### INFORMATION & SAFElY HOTLINES TELEPHONE # 

### INFORMATION & SAFElY HOTLINES TELEPHONE # 

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Centers for Disease Control 404-633-5313 Chemical Transportation Emergency Ctr.

(Chemtrec) 1-800-262-8200 Chemical Referral Center

Chemical Manufacturing Association

.... 1-800-262-8200 Department ofTransportation

Hazardous Materials Information 202-366-4488 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Hotline (EPA)

SARA Title 3, Community Right to Know 1-800-535-0202 Federal Emergency Management

National Emergency Preparedness 817-898-9104 National Institute of Occupational

Safety & Health (NIOSH) 1-800-356-4674 National Response Center Hotline 1-800-424-8802 National Safety Council 312-527-4800 Oregon Emergency Response System 1-800-452-0311 OSHAHotline-Complaints (Federal) 1-800-321.(j7 42 OSHAHealth Standards (Federal) 202-523-7075 OSHA (Oregon) 1-800-922-2689 RCRA Superfund Hotline 1-800-424-9346 SafeDrinking Water Hotline 1-800-426-4791 Small Business Hotline 1-800-368-5888 Substance Identification

Chemical Abstracts (CAS #) 1-800-848.fJ538 Toxic Substances ControlAct

(TSCA) 202-554-1404



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7-4
INFORMATION ASSISTANCEfTElEPHONE LISTS 

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# •

GLOSSARY OF TERMS



# •

• Accumulation: ageneratormay accumulate hazardous waste for a short period of time before shipping it off-site. The waste must be accumulated in eithertanks or containers; it may not be accumulated in surface impoundments.

• Large Quantity Generators may accumulate their waste for up to 90 days before shipping it off-site.

• Small Quantity Generators may accumulate their waste for up tol80 days before shipping it off-site. If the treatment, storage, disposal or recycling facility (to which they send their waste) is more than 200 miles away, they mayaccumulate the waste for 270 days. 

### AcuteHazardous Waste: P-listed wastes found in 40 CFR 26I.33(e). These wastes are acutely toxic. Generation or storage of more than 2.2 pounds of these wastes makes agenerator a large quantity generator. 

### Annual Hazardous Waste Reports: Beginning in 1992, all SmallQuantity andLargeQuantity hazardous waste generators (as well as TSDFs and off-site recycling facilities) must complete an annual report of hazardous waste activities

.. This report is intended to cover activities of the previous calendar year and is due March 1 of each year. The report should include both on-site and off-site hazardous waste generator activities. 

### CERCLA:·Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act also known as "Superfund". 

### CFR: Code of Federal Regulations. 

### Closed-Loop Recycling System: a production system in which secondary materials are reclaimed, returned to, and reused in the original production process or processes from which they
were generated PROVIDED: 1. Only tank storage is involved, and the entire process through completion ofreclamation is closed by being entirely connected with pipes or other comparable means ofconveyance; 2. Reclamation does not involve controlled flame combustion (such as occurs in boilers, industrial furnaces, or incinerators); 3. The secondary materials are
never accumulated in such tanks for over twelve months without being reclaimed; and 4. The reclaimed material is not used to produce a fuel, or used to produce products that are used in
a manner constituting disposal.
For the purposes of "closed-loop recycling", degreasing processes are not considered "production" processes, and the reclaimed degreasing solvent, when subsequently used as a degreaser, is not feedstock. Therefore, a degreasing process would not fit the criteria for a closed-loop recycling system. 

### Container: any portable device in which a material is stored, transported, treated, disposed of, or otherwise handled. 

### DEQ: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. 

### DEQ/EPA Identification Number: the unique number assigned by EPA or DEQ to each generator, transporter, and treatment, storage and disposal facility. This ID numberbegins with "OR" and is followed by 10 letters or numbers. 

### Designated DEQ/EPA Facility: a hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility (TSDF)which: 1. has received apermit (or interim status) in accordance with 40 CFR 270 and 124; 2. has received a permit (or interim status) from an authorized state in accordance with 40 CFR271; or 3. is regulated under40 CFR 26I.6(c)(2) or subpart F of 40· CFR270; and 4. has been designated on a manifest by the generator.



### 8-1
GLOSSARYOFTERMS

### Designated Recycling Facility: a facility that is designated on a manifest by ahazardous waste generator, and that recycles hazardous waste received from off-site, in units that are exempt from requirements to obtain a RCRA permit for the management ofhazardous waste. 

### Disposal: the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any hazardous waste or hazardous substance into or on any land
or water so that the hazardous waste or hazardous substance or any constituent thereofmay enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters of the state as defined in ORS 468.700. 

### EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency. 

### Facility: refers to allcontiguous land and structures, other appurtenances, and improvements on the land, used for treating, storing or disposing of hazardous waste. 

### Generator: a person who, by virtue of ownership, management, or control, is responsible for causing or allowing to be caused the creation of hazardous waste. 

### Generator Status: there are three categories (status) of hazardous waste generators. Each category has different regulatory requirements. These categories are:



### 8-2
GLOSSARYOFTERMS 

### • Large Quantity Generator (LQG) You are a Large Quantity Generator (LQG) ifin one calendar month you:

• generate 2,200 or more pounds of hazardous waste.

• generate 2,200 pounds or more of spill cleanup debris containing hazardous waste.

• generate more than 2.2 pounds of acute hazardous waste.

• generate more than 220 pounds of spill cleanup debris containing an acute hazardous waste.

• accumulate, at any time, more than 2.2 pounds of acute hazardous waste on-site.



### • Small Quantity

### Generator (SQG) You are a Small Quantity Generator (SQG) ifin one calendar month you:

• generate more than 220 pounds and less than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste.

• generate more than 220 pounds and less than 2,200 pounds of spill cleanup debris containing hazardous waste.

• accumulate, at anytime, more than a total of 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste on-site.



### • Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CEG) You are a Conditionally Exempt SmallQuantity Generator (CEG)if in one calendarmonth you:

• generate 2.2 pounds or less of acute hazardous waste.

• generate 220 pounds or less of hazardous waste.

• generate 220 pounds or less of spill cleanup debris containing hazardous waste.

• accumulate, at any time, up to 2,200 pounds ofhazardous waste on-site. 

### Halogenated Solvents: solvent containing any of a group of five chemically related nonmetallic elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. 

### Hazardous Waste (HW): means a hazardous waste as defined in 40 CFR 261.3 and OAR 34D-I01-D33. 

### Hazardous Waste Fee: refers to an annual fee that each person generating a hazardous waste is subject to which is based on the amount of hazardous waste generated during the previous calendar year and the method by which it was generated. For further discussion, refer to OAR 340-102-065. 

### Hazardous Waste Minimization: the reduction, to the extent feasible, of hazardous waste that isgenerated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of. It includes any source reduction or recycling activityundertaken by a generator that results in:
1. the reduction of total volume or quantity of hazardous waste; 2. the reduction of toxicity of hazardous waste; or 3. both, as long as the reduction is consistent with the goal of minimizingpresent and future threats to human health and the environment. 

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o



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# •

•

• Hazardous Waste Reduction: 1. Any recycling or other activity applied after hazardous waste is generated that is consistentwith the general goal of reducing present and future threats to public health, safety and the environment. Reduction may be proportionate to the increase or decrease in production or other business changes. The recycling
or other activity shall result in: (a) the reduction of total volume or quantity of hazardous waste generated that would otherwise be treated, stored, or disposed; or (b) the reduction of toxicity of hazardous waste that would otherwise be treated, stored, or disposed of; or (c) both the reduction of total volume or quantity and the reduction of toxicity of hazardous waste; and (d) does not result in: (1) the transfer of hazardous constituents fromone environmental medium to another; (2) concentrating waste solely for the purposes of reducing volume; and (3) using dilution as a means of reducing toxicity. 2. On-site or off-sitetreatment may be included ifit can be shown that such treatment confers a higher degree of protection of the public health, safety and the environment than othertechnically and economically practicable waste reduction alternatives. 

### Large Toxics User (LTU): a facility that is required to file a form 313 under SARA Title 3. 

### Management: the treatment, storage, disposal, or recycling of hazardous waste. 

### Management Facility: means a facility that treats, stores, disposes of, or recycles hazardous waste. 

### Manifest: the shipping document, EPA form 8700-22 and, ifnecessary, EPA form 8700-22A,originated and signed by the generator in accordance with the instructions included in the Appendix to 40 CFRPart 262 as modified in OAR 340-102-060. 

### Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): manufacturers are required by law to provide material safety data sheets on all products that they manufacture and sell. These data .sheets provide information on the physical, chemical and toxic properties of a product. 

### On-site: the same or geographically contiguous property which may be divided by public or private right-of-way, provided the entrance and exit between the process is at a cross-road intersection and access is by crossing as opposed to going along the right-of-way. Noncontiguous properties owned by the
same person but connected by a right-ofway which he controls and to which thepublic does not have access are considered on-site property. 

### Open-Loop Recycling System: a recycling system that does not meet thecriteria for "closed-loop recycling" or "inline/continuous recycling/reclamation". 

### Operator: the person responsible for the overall operation of the facility. 

### Oregon Hazardous Waste Regulations: hazardous waste regulations are made up of federally adoptedregulations and State of Oregon regulations. Federal hazardous waste regulations are located in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)in Parts 260 through 270. In this document, these regulations may be referred to as 40 CFR260..... Oregon hazardous waste regulations are located in the Oregon Administrative Rules (OAR)Chapter 340 Division 100 through 110 and 120. In this document, they are referred to as OAR340-100-005, etc. 

### Owner: the person who owns the facility or part of the facility. 

### RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act): the federal law regulating hazardous waste, as amended by Oregon law. 

### Reclamation: aprocess to recover a usable product, or to regenerate a usable material. Examples are lead recovery from spent batteries and regeneration of spent solvents. 

### Recycling: the use, reuse, or reclamation of a waste material. (See 40 CFR261.2) 

### Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code: a four-digit coding system, developed by the Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget, that categorizes the principal product or group ofproducts produced or distributed, or services rendered at a site. 

### Site: the land or water area where any facility or activity is located or conducted, including adjacent land used in connection with the facility or activity. 

### Small QuantityGenerator (SQG): see definition ofGenerator Status.



### 8-3
GLOSSARYOFTERMS

### Solid/Sludge Residual: any solid or semi-solid waste generated from a municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewatertreatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or airpollution control facility exclusive of the treatment effluent from awastewater treatment plant. 

### Source Reduction: the reduction or elimination of waste at the source of generation, usually within aprocess. Source reduction activities include process modifications, feedstock substitutions, improvements in feedstock purity, housekeeping and management practices, increases in the efficiency of machinery, and recycling within a process. Source reduction implies any action that reduces the toxicity or the amount of waste exiting a process. 

### "State Only" Hazardous Waste: additional hazardous wastes designated in OAR340-102-033. 

### Storage: the holding of hazardous waste for a temporary period at the end ofwhich the hazardous waste is treated, disposed of, or stored elsewhere. (See also, Accumulation). 

### Superfund: see CERCLA. 

### Tank: a stationary device, designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste which is constructed primarily of non-earthen materials (e.g., wood, concrete, steel, plastic) which provide structural support. 

### Toxics Use: use or production of a toxic substance. 

### TUR: refers to Toxic Use Reduction Plan, which must be completed ifthe generatorfiles EPA form "R"under SARA Title 3. This would apply only to large toxic users (LTU).



### 8-4
GLOSSARYOf TERMS 

### Toxics Use Reduction: in-plant changes in production or otherprocesses or operations, products or raw materials that reduce, avoid or eliminate the use or production of toxic substances without creating substantial new risks to public health, safety and the environment. Reduction may be proportionate to increases or decreases in production or otherbusiness changes. Reduction means application of any of the following techniques: 1. input substitution, by replacing a toxic substance or raw material used in aproduction
or otherprocess or operation with a nontoxic or less toxic substance; 2. product reformulation, by substituting for an existing end product, an end product which is nontoxic or less toxic upon use, release or disposal; 3. production or otherprocess or operation modernization, by upgrading or replacing existing equipment and methods with otherequipment and methods; 4. production or otherprocess or operation redesign or modifications; S. improved operation and maintenance ofproductionprocesses or equipment or methods, and modifications or additions to existing equipment or methods, including techniques such as improved housekeeping practices, system adjustments, product and process inspections
or production or process changes; or 6. recycling, reuse or extended use of toxics by using equipment or methods that become an integral part of the production or other process or operation ofconcern, including but not limited to filtration and other methods. 

### Transporter: aperson engaged in the off-sitetransportation of hazardous waste by air, rail, highway, or water. 

### Treatment: any method, technique or process, including neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical or biologicalcharacteror composition of any hazardous waste so as to: 1. neutralize such waste, 2. recover energy or material \ resources from the waste,
-I 3. render such waste non-hazardous or less hazardous, 4. make it safer for transport, storage, or disposal, or S. make it amenable for recovery, amenable for storage, or reduce its volume. 

### TSDF: Treatment, Storage, or Disposal Facility. 

# C,

Used orreused: a material that is: 1. employed as an ingredient (including use as an intermediate) in an industrial process to make a product (e.g., distillation bottoms

from one process used as a feedstock in anotherprocess). However, a material will not satisfy this condition ifdistinct components of the material are recovered as separate end products (as when metals are recovered from metal-containing secondary materials); or 2. employed in aparticularfunction or application as an effective substitute for a commercial product (e.g., spentpickle liquor used as phosphorous precipitant and sludge conditioner in wastewatertreatment). 

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# • APPENDIX 1

EPAHAZARDOUS WASTE CODES



# •

• "F" LISTED HAZARDOUS WASTES 

### (as found in 40 CFR 261.31) This is a partial list of the federally listed hazardous wastes. It includes only the "F" listed hazardous wastes. The following are generated in common industrial processes. For a more complete hazardous waste listing, please obtain DEQ'sHazardous Waste Determination Factsheet by calling (503) 229-5913. FOOl The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing: Tetrachloroethylene, trichlorethylene, methylene chloride, 1,1,1- trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride and chlorinated fluorocarbons; allspent solvent mixtures/blends used in degreasing containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F002, F004, and F005; and stillbottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures. F002 The following spent halogenated solvents: Tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, l,l,l-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, 1,1,2- trichloro-l,2,2- trifluoroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene, trichlorofluoromethane, and 1,I,2, trichloro-ethane; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in FOOl, F004, and F005; and stilIbottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures. F003 The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Xylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, methyl isobutylketone, n-butyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and methanol; all spent solvent mixtures/ blends containing, before use, only the above spent nonhalogenated solvents; and all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, one or more of the above nonhalogenated solvents, and a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more ofthose solvents listed in FOOl, F002, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures. F004 The following spent nonhalogenated solvents: cresols, cresylic acid, and nitrobenzene; and the stillbottoms from the recovery of these solvents; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above nonhalogenated solvents or those solvents listed in FOOl, F002, and F005; and stillbottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures. FOOS The following spent nonhalogenated solvents: toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon disulfide, isobutanol, pyridine, benzene, 2-ethoxyethanol, and 2- nitro-propane; allspent solvent mixturesiblends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above nonhalogenated solvents or those solvents listed in FOOl, F002, or F004; and stillbottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures. FOOG Wastewater treatment sludges from electroplating operations except from the following processes: (1) 

### sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminum; (2) tin plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on carbon steel; (4) aluminum or zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel; (5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc, and aluminum plating on carbon steel; and (6) chemical etching and milling of aluminum. F007 Spent cyanide plating bath solutions from electroplating operations. FOOS Plating bath residues from the bottom of plating baths from electroplating operations in which cyanides are used in the process. F009 Spent stripping and cleaning bath solutions from electroplating operations in which cyanides are used in the process. FOIOQuenching bath residues from oil baths from metal heat treating operations in which cyanides are used in the process. FOll Spent cyanide solutions from salt bath pot cleaning from metal heat treating operations. FOl2 Quenching wastewater treatment sludges from metal heat treating operations in which cyanides are used in the process. FOl9 Wastewater treatment sludges from the chemical conversion coating ofaluminum except from zirconium phosphating in aluminum can washing when such phosphating is an exclusive conversion coating process. 

# HAZARDOUS 

# WASTE

FEDERAl lAW PROHIBITS IMPROPER DISPOSAl. IFFOUND, CONTACT THeNE.t.R£8T POtJCe, OR

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### 8-5

APPENDIX 1

### APPENDIX 1 

# c

8-6
APPENDIX 1 F020 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production or manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tri- or tetrachlorophenol or ofintermediates used to produce their pesticide derivatives. (This listing does not include wastes from the production ofhexachlorophene from highly purified 2,4,5-tricWorophenol.) F021 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production or manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate,
or component in a formulating process) of pentachlorophenol, or of intermediates used to produce derivatives. F022 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) oftetra-, penta-, or hexachlorobenzenes under alkaline conditions. F023 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials on equipment previously used for the production or manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in aformulating process) of tri- and tetrachlorophenols. (This listing does not include wastes from equipment used only for the production or use ofhexachlorophene from highly purified 2,4,5-tricWorophenol.) F024 Process wastes including, but not limited to, distillation residues, heavy ends, tars, and reactor cleanout wastes, from the production ofcertain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by free radical catalyzed processes. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are those having carbon chain lengths ranging from one to and including five, with varying amounts and positions of chlorine substitution. (This listing does not include wastewaters, wastewater treatment sludge, spent catalysts, and wastes listed in Sections 261.31. or 261.32) F025 Condensed light ends, spent ftlters and filter aids, and spent desiccant wastes from the production of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, by free radical catalyzed processes. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are those having carbon chain lengths ranging from one, to and including five, with varying amounts and positions of chlorine substitution. F026 Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials on equipmentpreviously used for the manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tetra-, penta-, or hexachlorobenzene under alkaline conditions. F027 Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discardedunused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing hexachlorophene synthesized from prepurified 2,4,5-tricWorophenol as the sole component.) F028 Residues resulting from the incineration or thermal treatment of soil contaminated with EPA hazardous waste nos. F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027. F032 Wastewaters, process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that currently use, or have previously used, chlorophenolic formulations [except potentially cross-contaminated wastes that have had the F032 waste code deleted in accordance with Section 261.35 (i.e., the newly promulgated equipment cleaning
orreplacement standards), and where the generator does not not resume or initiate use of chlorophenolic formulations]. (This listing does not include KOOI bottom sediment sludge from the treatment ofwastewaterfrom wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachloro-phenol.) F034 Wastewaters, process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use creosote formulations. This listing does not include KOOI bottom sediment sludge from the treatment ofwastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol. F035 Wastewaters, process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use inorganic preservatives containing arsenic or chromium. This listing does not include KOOI bottom sediment sludge from the treatment ofwastewaterfrom wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachloro-phenol. 

# .:

### APPENDIX 1 

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•

• F037 Petroleum refinery primary oil/water/solids separation sludge. Any sludge generated from the gravitational separation ofoil/water/solids during the storage or treatment ofprocess wastewaters and oily cooling wastewaters from petroleum refineries. Such sludges include, but are not limited to, those generated in oil/water/solids separators; tanks and impoundments; ditches and otherconveyances; sumps; and storm water units receiving dry weatherflow. Sludges generated in storm water units that do not receive dry weatherflow, sludges generated in aggressive biological treatment units as defined in Section 261.31(b)(2) (including sludges generated in one or more additional units after wastewaters have been treated in aggressive biological treatment units), and KOSI wastes are exempted from this listing. F038 Petroleum refinery secondary (emulsified) oil/water/solids separation sludge. Any sludge and/or float generated from the physical and/or chemical separation ofoil/water/solids in process wastewaters and oilycooling wastewaters from petroleum refineries. Such wastes include, but are not limited to, all sludges and floats generated in induced air flotation (lAF) units, tanks and impoundments, and all sludges generated in DAF units. Sludgesgenerated in stormwater units that do not receive dry weatherflow, sludges generated in aggressive biological treatment units as defined in Section 261.3 I(b)(2) (including sludges generated in one or more additional units after wastewaters have been treated in aggressive biological treatment units), and F037, K048, and KOSI wastes are exempted from this listing. F039 Leachate resulting from the treatment, storage, or disposal ofwastes classified by more than one waste code under Subpart D, or from a mixture ofwastes classified under Subparts C and D of this part. (Leachate resulting from the management of one or more of the following EPA Hazardous Wastes and no other hazardous wastes retains its hazardous waste code(s): F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, F027, and/or F028.)



### 8-7

APPENDIX 1

### CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATOR INFORMATION FORM 

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Pleasecomplete the following CEGinformation form to make sure that you are included in future DEQ mailings and CEG waste collection activities. The completed information forms also will be used to help tailor our technical assistance program to bettermeet your specific needs as a CEG. 

### You are a ConditionallyExempt Generatorif, in 

### one calendarmonth, you:

• Generate 220 pounds or less ofhazardous waste, or

• Generate 220 pounds or less ofhazardous waste spill cleanup debris, or

• Generate 2.2 pounds or less ofacute hazardous waste, or

Accumulate no more than 2,200 pounds ofhazardous waste on site.



### 1. Address offacility where hazardous waste is generated/stored
Name

_ Street

_



### 2. Mailing address (ifdifferent from above)

_ 

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_ Zip

_



# Ie 3. Contactperson for hazardous waste activities

Name Phone 

### 4. Legalowner offacility

_ 5. Kinds ofhazardous waste generated (e.g., paintwaste, solvents)

_

6. Type ofbusiness (e.g., parts manufacturer, printing)

_
7. Numberofemployees at this location

--------------------- 8. Have you notified DEQofhazardous waste activity for this 

### site before?
Yes_No

__ Ifyes, please enter the DEQ/EPA ID numberfor facility



### 8-9
INFORMATION FORMroin HERE'"

FOLD HERE'" 

### Oregon Department ofEnvironmental Quality Hazardous and Solid Waste Division 811 S.W. Sixth Avenue Portland, OR97204-1390

Attn: CEG Program Place Stamp Here 

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## i_ 811 SW Sixth, Portland, OR97204-1390 (503) 229-5913, toll-free within Oregon 1-800-452-4011 September 1992

contains**rec)'cle~** materials 

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