I 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 3463 

To secure the rights of public employees to organize, act concertedly, and 

bargain collectively, which safeguard the public interest and promote 

the free and unobstructed flow of commerce, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JUNE 25, 2019 

Mr. CARTWRIGHT (for himself, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Ms. NORTON, Ms. OMAR, 

Ms. DEAN, Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Ms. WILSON of Florida, Mr. 

ESPAILLAT, Mr. HIGGINS of New York, Mr. DESAULNIER, Mr. PALLONE, 

Ms. BONAMICI, Mr. NORCROSS, Mr. COHEN, Mr. SIRES, Ms. KAPTUR, 

Mr. SABLAN, Mr. RASKIN, Ms. FUDGE, Ms. JAYAPAL, Mr. POCAN, Mr. 

SMITH of Washington, Ms. FINKENAUER, Mr. NADLER, Mrs. BEATTY, 

Mr. MCGOVERN, Mrs. HAYES, and Mrs. TRAHAN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor 

A BILL 

To secure the rights of public employees to organize, act 

concertedly, and bargain collectively, which safeguard the 

public interest and promote the free and unobstructed 

flow of commerce, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Public Service Free5 dom to Negotiate Act of 2019’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—In this Act: 

3 (1) AUTHORITY.—The term ‘‘Authority’’ means 

4 the Federal Labor Relations Authority. 

5 (2) APPROPRIATE UNIT.—The term ‘‘appro6 priate unit’’ means a bargaining unit of public em7 ployees or supervisory employees that share a com8 munity of interest, have a bargaining history or his9 tory of prior organization, and represents the desires 

10 of employees seeking representation. 

11 (3) COLLECTIVE BARGAINING.—The term ‘‘col12 lective bargaining’’, used with respect to public em13 ployees, supervisory employees, and public employ14 ers, means the performance of the mutual obligation 

15 of the representative of a public employer and the 

16 exclusive representative of public and supervisory 

17 employees in an appropriate unit of the employer to 

18 meet at reasonable times and to consult and bargain 

19 in a good-faith effort to reach agreement with re20 spect to wages, hours, and other terms and condi21 tions of employment affecting such employees and to 

22 execute, if requested by either party, a written docu23 ment incorporating any collective bargaining agree24 ment reached, but the obligation referred to in this 

25 paragraph does not compel either party to agree to 

26 a proposal or to make a concession (as described in 


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1 section 8(d) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 

2 U.S.C. 158(d))). 

3 (4) CONFIDENTIAL EMPLOYEE.—The term 

4 ‘‘confidential employee’’ means an employee of a 

5 public employer who acts in a confidential capacity 

6 with respect to an individual who formulates or ef7 fectuates management policies in the field of labor8 management relations. 

9 (5) EMERGENCY SERVICES EMPLOYEE.—The 

10 term ‘‘emergency services employee’’ means— 

11 (A) a public employee providing out-of-hos12 pital emergency medical care, including an 

13 emergency medical technician, paramedic, or 

14 first responder; or 

15 (B) a public employee providing other serv16 ices in response to emergencies that have the 

17 potential to cause death or serious bodily in18 jury, including an employee in fire protection 

19 activities (as defined in section 3 of the Fair 

20 Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203)). 

21 (6) EMPLOY.—The term ‘‘employ’’ has the 

22 meaning given the term in section 3 of the Fair 

23 Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203). 

24 (7) LABOR ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘labor 

25 organization’’ means any organization of any kind 


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1 that is not under the control directly or indirectly by 

2 a public employer in which such employees partici3 pate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or 

4 in part, of dealing with public employers concerning 

5 grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours 

6 of employment, or conditions of work. 

7 (8) LAW.—The term ‘‘law’’, used with respect 

8 to a State or a political subdivision thereof, includes 

9 the application of the laws of such State or such po10 litical subdivision, including any regulations or ordi11 nances issued by such State or such political subdivi12 sion. 

13 (9) LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER.—The term 

14 ‘‘law enforcement officer’’ has the meaning given 

15 such term in section 1204 of the Omnibus Crime 

16 Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 

17 10284). 

18 (10) MANAGEMENT EMPLOYEE.—The term 

19 ‘‘management employee’’ means an individual em20 ployed by a public employer in a position the duties 

21 and responsibilities of which require the individual to 

22 formulate or determine the policies of the employer. 

23 (11) COVERED PERSON.—The term ‘‘covered 

24 person’’ means an individual or a labor organization. 

25 (12) PUBLIC EMPLOYEE.— 


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1 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘public em2 ployee’’— 

3 (i) means an individual, employed by 

4 a public employer, who in any workweek is 

5 engaged in commerce or is employed in an 

6 enterprise engaged in commerce; 

7 (ii) includes an individual who is tem8 porarily transferred to a supervisory or 

9 management position; and 

10 (iii) does not include a supervisory 

11 employee, management employee, or con12 fidential employee, or an elected official. 

13 (B) COMMERCE; ENTERPRISE ENGAGED IN

14 COMMERCE.—For the purpose of this para15 graph, the terms ‘‘commerce’’ and ‘‘enterprise 

16 engaged in commerce’’ have the meanings given 

17 in section 3 of the Fair Labor Standards Act 

18 of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203). 

19 (13) PUBLIC EMPLOYER.—The term ‘‘public 

20 employer’’ means any of the following that employs 

21 individuals: 

22 (A) A State or the political subdivision of 

23 a State, including a territory or political sub24 division of a territory. 


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1 (B) Any authority, agency, school district, 

2 board or other entity controlled and operated by 

3 an entity described in subparagraph (A). 

4 (14) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 

5 the several States of the United States, the District 

6 of Columbia, and any territory or possession of the 

7 United States (as defined in section 3 of the Fair 

8 Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203)). 

9 (15) SUBSTANTIALLY PROVIDES.—The term 

10 ‘‘substantially provides’’, used with respect to the 

11 rights and procedures described in section 3(b), 

12 means providing rights and procedures that are 

13 equivalent to or greater than each of the rights and 

14 procedures described in such section. 

15 (16) SUPERVISORY EMPLOYEE.— 

16 (A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 

17 subparagraph (B), the term ‘‘supervisory em18 ployee’’ means an individual, employed by a 

19 public employer, who in any workweek is en20 gaged in commerce or is employed in an enter21 prise engaged in commerce and who— 

22 (i) has the authority in the interest of 

23 the employer, if the exercise of such au24 thority is not merely routine or clerical in 


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1 nature but requires the consistent exercise 

2 of independent judgment, to— 

3 (I) hire, promote, reward, trans4 fer, furlough, lay off, recall, suspend, 

5 discipline, or remove public employees; 

6 (II) adjust the grievances of pub7 lic employees; or 

8 (III) effectively recommend any 

9 action described in subclause (I) or 

10 (II); and 

11 (ii) devotes a majority of time at work 

12 to exercising the authority under clause (i). 

13 (B) COMMERCE; ENTERPRISE ENGAGED IN

14 COMMERCE.—For the purpose of this para15 graph, the terms ‘‘commerce’’ and ‘‘enterprise 

16 engaged in commerce’’ have the meanings given 

17 in section 3 of the Fair Labor Standards Act 

18 of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203). 

19 (b) STATE LAW.—If any term defined in this section 

20 has a substantially equivalent meaning to the term (or a 

21 substantially equivalent term) under applicable State law 

22 on the date of the enactment of this Act, such term (or 

23 substantially equivalent term) and meaning under such 

24 applicable State law shall apply with respect to the term 

25 defined under this Act with respect to such State. 


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1 SEC. 3. FEDERAL MINIMUM STANDARDS. 

2 (a) DETERMINATION.— 

3 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 

4 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Author5 ity shall make a determination for each State as to 

6 whether the laws of such State substantially provide 

7 for each of the rights and procedures under sub8 section (b) and not later than 30 days after the en9 actment of this Act, the Authority shall establish 

10 procedures for the implementation of this section. 

11 (2) CONSIDERATION OF ADDITIONAL OPIN12 IONS.—In making the determination under para13 graph (1), the Authority shall consider the opinions 

14 of affected public employees, supervisory employees, 

15 labor organizations, and public employers. In the 

16 case where the Authority is notified by an affected 

17 public employer and labor organization that both 

18 parties agree that the law applicable to such em19 ployer and labor organization substantially provides 

20 for the rights and responsibilities described in sub21 section (b), the Authority shall give such agreement 

22 weight to the maximum extent practicable in making 

23 the Authority’s determination under paragraph (1). 

24 (3) LIMITED CRITERIA.—In making the deter25 mination described in paragraph (1), the Authority 


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1 may only consider the criteria described in sub2 section (b). 

3 (4) SUBSEQUENT DETERMINATIONS.— 

4 (A) IN GENERAL.—A determination made 

5 pursuant to paragraph (1) shall remain in ef6 fect unless and until the Authority issues a sub7 sequent determination, in accordance with the 

8 procedures set forth in subparagraph (B). 

9 (B) REQUEST.—A public employee, super10 visory employee, public employer, or a labor or11 ganization may submit to the Authority a writ12 ten request for a subsequent determination with 

13 respect to whether a material change of State 

14 law has occurred. 

15 (C) ISSUANCE.—If satisfied that a mate16 rial change in State law has occurred, the Au17 thority shall issue a subsequent determination 

18 not later than 30 days after receipt of such re19 quest. 

20 (5) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Any covered person or 

21 public employer aggrieved by a determination of the 

22 Authority under this paragraph (1) may, during the 

23 60-day period beginning on the date on which the 

24 determination was made, petition any United States 

25 Court of Appeals in the circuit in which the covered 


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1 person or public employer resides or transacts busi2 ness or in the Court of Appeals for the District of 

3 Columbia Circuit, for judicial review. In any judicial 

4 review of a determination made by the Authority de5 scribed in paragraph (1), the procedures contained 

6 in subsections (c) and (d) of section 7123 of title 5, 

7 United States Code, shall be followed. 

8 (b) FEDERAL MINIMUM STANDARD.—The collective 

9 bargaining rights and procedures under this subsection 

10 are as follows: 

11 (1) A right of public employees and supervisory 

12 employees— 

13 (A) to self-organization; 

14 (B) to form, join, or assist a labor organi15 zation or to refrain from any such activity; 

16 (C) to bargain collectively through rep17 resentatives of their own choosing; and 

18 (D) to engage in other concerted activities 

19 for the purpose of collective bargaining or other 

20 mutual aid (including the filing of joint, class, 

21 or collective legal claims) or protection. 

22 (2) A requirement for public employers to— 

23 (A) recognize the labor organization of its 

24 public employees and supervisory employees 

25 (freely chosen in an election by a majority of 


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1 such employees voting in the appropriate unit 

2 or chosen by voluntary recognition if that meth3 od is permitted under State law) without re4 quiring an election to recertify a labor organiza5 tion that is already recognized as the represent6 ative of such employees unless not less than 30 

7 percent of such employees in the appropriate 

8 unit freely sign a petition to decertify such 

9 labor organization— 

10 (i) not earlier than the date that is 1 

11 year after the date of the election (or after 

12 a voluntary recognition if permitted under 

13 State law) of the representative; 

14 (ii) not earlier than 1 year after the 

15 expiration of a valid collective bargaining 

16 agreement; 

17 (iii) not during the term of a valid col18 lective bargaining agreement (except as 

19 permissible under clause (iv)); or 

20 (iv) during the 30-day period begin21 ning on the date that is 90 days before the 

22 end of a valid existing contract; 

23 (B) collectively bargain with such recog24 nized labor organization; and 


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1 (C) commit any agreements with such rec2 ognized labor organization to writing in a con3 tract or memorandum of understanding. 

4 (3) An interest impasse resolution mechanism 

5 that includes a procedure for the settlement of griev6 ances (including fact-finding, mediation, arbitration) 

7 which culminates in binding arbitration. 

8 (4) Payroll deduction of labor organization fees 

9 for any duly selected representative of public em10 ployees and supervisory employees pursuant to the 

11 terms of an authorization executed by such public 

12 employees to the extent permitted by law. 

13 (5) The enforcement of all relevant rights and 

14 protections provided by State law and enumerated in 

15 this section, and of any written contract or memo16 randum of understanding between a labor organiza17 tion and a public employer, through— 

18 (A) a State administrative agency, if the 

19 State so chooses; 

20 (B) at the election of an aggrieved party, 

21 the State courts; or 

22 (C) in the case of an alleged violation, mis23 interpretation, or misapplication of the contract 

24 or memorandum of understanding, a grievance 


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1 resolution procedure negotiated in such contract 

2 or memorandum. 

3 (c) COMPLIANCE WITH RIGHTS AND PROCE4 DURES.—If the Authority determines under subsection (a) 

5 that the laws of a State substantially provide each of the 

6 rights and procedures described in subsection (b), then 

7 subsection (d) shall not apply. 

8 (d) FAILURE TO SUBSTANTIALLY PROVIDE.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—If the Authority determines 

10 under subsection (a) that the laws of a State do not 

11 substantially provide for each of the rights and pro12 cedures described in subsection (b), then such State 

13 shall be subject to the rules and activities of the Au14 thority under section 4 beginning on the later of— 

15 (A) the date that is 2 years after the date 

16 of enactment of this Act; 

17 (B) the date that is the last day of the 

18 first regular session of the legislature of the 

19 State that begins after the date of the enact20 ment of this Act; or 

21 (C) in the case of a State receiving a sub22 sequent determination under subsection (a)(4), 

23 the date that is the last day of the first regular 

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1 gins after the date the Authority made the de2 termination. 

3 (2) PARTIAL FAILURE.—If the Authority makes 

4 a determination that a State does not substantially 

5 provide for each of the rights and procedures de6 scribed in subsection (b) because the State fails to 

7 substantially provide for all of such rights and pro8 cedures with respect to any public or supervisory 

9 employees, the Authority shall identify— 

10 (A) the categories of public or supervisory 

11 employees of such State that shall be subject to 

12 the rules and activities of the Authority under 

13 section 4, pursuant to section 7(b)(3), begin14 ning on the applicable date under paragraph 

15 (1); 

16 (B) the categories of public employees and 

17 supervisory employees of such State that shall 

18 not be subject to the rules and activities of the 

19 Authority under section 4; 

20 (C) the categories of rights and procedures 

21 described in subsection (b) for which the State 

22 does not substantially provide for certain public 

23 employees and supervisory employees; and 


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1 (D) the categories of rights and procedures 

2 described in such subsection for which the State 

3 substantially provides for all employees. 

4 SEC. 4. MINIMUM STANDARDS ADMINISTERED BY THE FED5 ERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 

7 date of enactment of this Act, the Authority shall issue 

8 rules and take such actions that the Authority determines 

9 appropriate to establish and administer collective bar10 gaining rights and procedures that substantially provide 

11 for the rights and procedures described in section 3(b) for 

12 States described in section 3(d). 

13 (b) ROLE OF THE FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AU14 THORITY.—In carrying out subsection (a), the Authority 

15 shall— 

16 (1) protect the right of public employees— 

17 (A) to self-organization; 

18 (B) to form, join, or assist any labor orga19 nization or to refrain from any such activity; 

20 (C) to bargain collectively through rep21 resentatives of their own choosing; and 

22 (D) to engage in other concerted activities 

23 for the purpose of collective bargaining or other 

24 mutual aid (including the filing of joint, class, 

25 or collective legal claims) or protection; 


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1 (2) supervise or conduct elections to determine 

2 whether a labor organization has been selected as an 

3 exclusive representative by a majority of the public 

4 employees and supervisory employees voting in such 

5 election in an appropriate unit; 

6 (3) provide for the payroll deduction of labor 

7 organization fees to any such duly elected exclusive 

8 representative pursuant to the terms of an author9 ization executed by a public employee or supervisory 

10 employee to the extent permitted by law; 

11 (4) determine the appropriateness of units for 

12 labor organization representation; 

13 (5) require public employers to— 

14 (A) recognize the labor organization of its 

15 public employees or supervisory employees 

16 (freely chosen by a majority of such employees 

17 voting in the appropriate unit) as the exclusive 

18 representative of such employees; 

19 (B) bargain in good faith with such labor 

20 organization concerning public or supervisory 

21 employees’ terms and conditions of employment, 

22 which shall include a procedure for the settle23 ment of grievances culminating in binding arbi24 tration in any agreement and a procedure for 


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1 resolving any impasses in collective bargaining; 

2 and 

3 (C) commit any agreements to writing in a 

4 contract or memorandum of understanding; 

5 (6) prohibit practices which interfere with, co6 erce, or intimidate public or supervisory employees 

7 in the exercise of rights guaranteed in paragraph (1) 

8 or regulations issued thereunder; 

9 (7) conduct hearings and resolve complaints 

10 concerning violations of any rule or order issued by 

11 the Authority pursuant to this Act; 

12 (8) resolve exceptions to the awards of arbitra13 tors that violate or exceed the scope of public policy 

14 of this Act; and 

15 (9) take such other actions as are necessary 

16 and appropriate to effectively administer this Act, 

17 including issuing subpoenas requiring the attendance 

18 and testimony of witnesses and the production of 

19 documentary or other evidence from any place in the 

20 United States, administering oaths, taking or order21 ing the taking of depositions, ordering responses to 

22 written interrogatories, and receiving and examining 

23 witnesses. 

24 (c) ENFORCEMENT.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Authority may issue an 

2 order directing compliance by any covered person or 

3 public employer found to be in violation of this sec4 tion, and may petition any United States Court of 

5 Appeals with jurisdiction over the parties, or the 

6 United States Court of Appeals for the District of 

7 Columbia Circuit, to enforce any such final orders 

8 issued pursuant to this section or pursuant to rules 

9 issued under this section, and for appropriate tem10 porary relief or a restraining order. Any covered per11 son or public employer aggrieved by an order issued 

12 by the Authority under this section may, during the 

13 60-day period beginning on the date on which the 

14 order was issued petition any United States Court of 

15 Appeals in the circuit which the covered person or 

16 public employer resides or transacts business or in 

17 the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 

18 Circuit, for judicial review. Any petition or appeal 

19 under this section shall be conducted in accordance 

20 with subsections (c) and (d) of section 7123 of title 

21 5, United States Code. 

22 (2) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— 

23 (A) FILING A CIVIL ACTION.—Unless the 

24 Authority has filed an order of enforcement as 

25 provided in paragraph (1), any party may, after 


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1 the 180-day period following the filing of a 

2 charge with the Authority pursuant to the rules 

3 of the Authority under this section, file a civil 

4 action against any named State administrator 

5 in an appropriate district court of the United 

6 States to enjoin such administrator to enforce 

7 compliance— 

8 (i) with this Act or the rules issued by 

9 the Authority under this section; or 

10 (ii) to enforce compliance with any 

11 order issued by the Authority. 

12 (B) TIMING.—Any civil action brought 

13 under subparagraph (A) must be brought not 

14 later than the earlier of— 

15 (i) the date that is 180 days after the 

16 expiration of the 180-day period in sub17 paragraph (A); or 

18 (ii) the date that is 180 days after the 

19 date that the Authority dismisses a charge 

20 described in subparagraph (A). 

21 (C) NOTICE.—The party shall provide no22 tice of the Federal lawsuit to the Authority on 

23 the date of the filing of the civil action in Fed24 eral court. 


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1 (D) JURISDICTION AND ATTORNEYS’ 

2 FEES.—A district court shall have jurisdiction 

3 over the civil action filed under subparagraph 

4 (A) without regard to the amount in con5 troversy or the citizenship of the parties and 

6 may award reasonable attorneys’ fees. 

7 SEC. 5. LOCKOUTS AND EMPLOYEE STRIKES PROHIBITED 

8 WHEN EMERGENCY OR PUBLIC SAFETY SERV9 ICES IMPERILED. 

10 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (b), any em11 ployer, emergency services employee, or law enforcement 

12 officer subject to the rules and activities of the Authority 

13 under section 4 may not engage in a lockout, strike, or 

14 any other organized job action of which a reasonably prob15 able result is a measurable disruption of the delivery of 

16 emergency or public safety services. No labor organization 

17 may cause or attempt to cause a violation of this sub18 section. 

19 (b) NO PREEMPTION.—Nothing in this section shall 

20 be construed to preempt any law of any State or political 

21 subdivision of any State with respect to strikes by emer22 gency services employees or law enforcement officers. 


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1 SEC. 6. EXISTING COLLECTIVE BARGAINING UNITS AND 

2 AGREEMENTS. 

3 The enactment of this Act shall not invalidate any 

4 certification, recognition, result of an election, collective 

5 bargaining agreement, or memorandum of understanding 

6 that— 

7 (1) has been issued, approved, or ratified by 

8 any public employee relations board or commission, 

9 or by any State or political subdivision or an agent 

10 or management official of such State or political 

11 subdivision; and 

12 (2) is in effect on the day before the date of en13 actment of this Act. 

14 SEC. 7. EXCEPTIONS. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Authority shall not make a 

16 determination under section 3(a) that the laws of a State 

17 do not substantially provide for the rights and procedures 

18 under section 3(b) on the basis that relevant State laws— 

19 (1) permit a public or supervisory employee to 

20 appear on the employee’s own behalf with respect to 

21 the relationship of the public employee with the pub22 lic employer involved; 

23 (2) do not cover public or supervisory employees 

24 of the State militia or national guard; or 

25 (3) do not apply to a political subdivision of a 

26 State if— 


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1 (A) such political subdivision has a popu2 lation of fewer than 5,000 people or employs 

3 fewer than 25 public employees; and 

4 (B) the State in which such political sub5 division is located notifies the Authority that 

6 such subdivision is exempt from such laws be7 fore the date on which the Authority makes the 

8 determination. 

9 (b) COMPLIANCE.— 

10 (1) ACTIONS OF STATES.—Nothing in this Act 

11 shall be construed to require a State to rescind or 

12 preempt the laws of any political subdivision of the 

13 State if such laws substantially provide for the 

14 rights and procedures described in section 3(b). 

15 (2) ACTIONS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM16 BIA.—Nothing in this Act or in the rules issued 

17 under this Act shall be construed— 

18 (A) to require the District of Columbia to 

19 rescind— 

20 (i) section 501 of the District of Co21 lumbia Government Comprehensive Merit 

22 Personnel Act of 1978 (1-605.01, D.C. Of23 ficial Code), establishing the Public Em24 ployee Relations Board of the District of 

25 Columbia; or 


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1 (ii) section 502 of such Act (1-605.02, 

2 D.C. Official Code), establishing the power 

3 of the Board; 

4 (B) to preempt the laws described in sub5 paragraph (A); or 

6 (C) to limit or alter the powers of the gov7 ernment of the District of Columbia pursuant 

8 to the District of Columbia Home Rule Act. 

9 (3) ACTIONS OF THE AUTHORITY.—Nothing in 

10 this Act shall be construed to preempt— 

11 (A) the laws of any State or political sub12 division of a State that substantially provide for 

13 the rights and procedures described in section 

14 3(b); 

15 (B) the laws of any State or political sub16 division of a State that substantially provide for 

17 the rights and procedures described in section 

18 3(b), solely because such laws provide that a 

19 contract or memorandum of understanding be20 tween a public employer and a labor organiza21 tion must be presented to a legislative body as 

22 part of the process for approving such contract 

23 or memorandum of understanding; or 

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1 lic employer to recognize a labor organization 

2 on the basis of signed authorizations executed 

3 by employees designating the labor organization 

4 as their representative. 

5 (4) LIMITED ENFORCEMENT POWER.—In the 

6 case of a law described in section 3(d)(2), the Au7 thority shall only exercise the authority under sec8 tion 4 with respect to the categories of public or su9 pervisory employees for whom State law does not 

10 substantially provide the rights and procedures de11 scribed in section 3(b). 

12 SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

13 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 

14 as may be necessary to carry out this Act. 

Æ 


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