SECURITY AGREEMENT


 


This SECURITY AGREEMENT
(this “Agreement”), dated as of March 30, 2012, is made by and among the Grantors listed on the signature pages
hereof (collectively, jointly and severally, the “Grantors” and each, individually, a “Grantor”),
and JGB Collateral LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as collateral agent for the Secured Parties (as defined herein) (the
“Agent”).


 


WHEREAS, pursuant
to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of March 29, 2012 (as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified
from time to time, including all schedules thereto, the “Purchase Agreement”) by and between Elephant Talk Communications,
Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), the Agent and the Secured Parties, the Company has agreed to
sell, and the Secured Parties have agreed to purchase the Notes; and


 


WHEREAS, in
order to induce the Secured Parties and the Agent, on behalf of and at the direction of the Secured Parties, to enter into the
Purchase Agreement and for the Secured Parties to purchase the Notes as provided for in the Purchase Agreement, the Grantors have
agreed to grant a continuing security interest in and to the Collateral in order to secure the prompt and complete payment, observance
and performance of the Secured Obligations.


 


NOW, THEREFORE,
in consideration of the foregoing premises and in reliance on the representations, warranties, covenants
and agreements contained herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby
acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:


 


1.          Defined
Terms. All capitalized terms used herein (including in the preamble and recitals hereof) without definition shall have the
meanings ascribed thereto in the Purchase Agreement. Any terms used in this Agreement that are defined in the Code shall be construed
and defined as set forth in the Code unless otherwise defined herein or in the Purchase Agreement; provided, however,
that if the Code is used to define any term used herein and if such term is defined differently in different Articles of the Code,
the definition of such term contained in Article 9 of the Code shall govern. In addition to those terms defined elsewhere in this
Agreement, as used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:


 


(a)          “Account”
means an Account (as that term is defined in the Code).


 


(b)          “Account
Debtor” means an Account debtor (as that term is defined in the Code).


 


(c)          “Agency
Letter” means that certain letter dated as of March 30, 2012 from the Agent to the Secured Parties establishing the agency
relationship between Agent and such Secured Parties.


 


(d)          “Bankruptcy
Code” means title 11 of the United States Code, as in effect from time to time.


 



    	 



    	 



    

 


(e)          “Books”
means books and records (including each Grantor’s Records indicating, summarizing, or evidencing such Grantor’s assets
(including the Collateral) or liabilities, each Grantor’s Records relating to such Grantor’s business operations or
financial condition, and each Grantor’s goods or General Intangibles related to such information).


 


(f)          “Business
Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in the City of New York are
authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed.


 


(g)          “Chattel
Paper” means Chattel paper (as that term is defined in the Code) and includes tangible chattel paper and electronic chattel
paper.


 


(h)          “Code”
means the New York Uniform Commercial Code, as in effect from time to time; provided, however, that in the event
that, by reason of mandatory provisions of Law, any or all of the attachment, perfection, priority, or remedies with respect to
the Secured Party and the Agent’s Lien on any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as enacted and in effect
in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, the term “Code” shall mean the Uniform Commercial Code as enacted
and in effect in such other jurisdiction solely for purposes of the provisions thereof relating to such attachment, perfection,
priority, or remedies.


 


(i)          “Collateral”
has the meaning specified therefor in Section 2.


 


(j)          “Commercial
Tort Claims” means Commercial tort claims (as that term is defined in the Code), and includes those commercial tort claims
listed on Schedule 9 attached hereto.


 


(k)          “Control
Agreement” means a control agreement, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and the Grantors, executed and
delivered by a Grantor, the Agent and the applicable securities intermediary (with respect to a Securities Account) or bank (with
respect to a Deposit Account).


 


(l)          “Copyrights”
means copyrights and copyright registrations, and also includes (i) the copyright registrations and recordings thereof and all
applications in connection therewith listed on Schedule 3 attached hereto and made a part hereof, (ii) all reissues, continuations,
extensions or renewals thereof, (iii) all income, royalties, damages and payments now and hereafter due or payable under and with
respect thereto, including payments under all licenses entered into in connection therewith and damages and payments for past or
future infringements or dilutions thereof, (iv) the right to sue for past, present and future infringements and dilutions thereof,
(v) the goodwill of each Grantor’s business symbolized by the foregoing or connected therewith, and (vi) all of each Grantor’s
rights corresponding thereto throughout the world.


 


(m)          “Copyright
Security Agreement” means each Copyright Security Agreement among Grantors, or any of them, and the Agent in substantially
the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, pursuant to which Grantors have granted to the Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties
a security interest in all their respective Copyrights.


 



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(n)          “Deposit
Account” means a Deposit account (as that term is defined in the Code).


 


(o)          “Equipment”
means Equipment (as that term is defined in the Code).


 


(p)          “Event
of Default” means any of the following events:


 


(i)         The
occurrence of an “Event of Default” (as defined in the Notes) under any of the Notes;


 


(ii)       Any
representation or warranty of any Grantor in this Agreement shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made;


 


(iii)      The
failure by any Grantor to observe or perform any of its obligations hereunder for 5 Business Days after delivery to such Grantor
of notice of such failure by or on behalf of the Agent unless such default is capable of cure but cannot be cured within such time
frame and such Grantor is using best efforts to cure same in a timely fashion; or


 


(iv)      If
any provision of this Agreement shall at any time for any reason be declared to be null and void, or the validity or enforceability
thereof shall be contested by any Grantor, or a proceeding shall be commenced by any Grantor, or by any Governmental Authority
having jurisdiction over any Grantor, seeking to establish the invalidity or unenforceability thereof, or any Grantor shall deny
that any Grantor has any liability or obligation purported to be created under this Agreement.


 


(q)          “General
Intangibles” means General intangibles (as that term is defined in the Code) and, in any event, includes payment intangibles,
contract rights, rights to payment, rights arising under common law, statutes, or regulations, choses or things in action, goodwill
(including the goodwill associated with any Trademark, Patent, or Copyright), Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights, URLs and domain
names, industrial designs, other industrial or Intellectual Property or rights therein or applications therefor, whether under
license or otherwise, programs, programming materials, blueprints, drawings, purchase orders, customer lists, monies due or recoverable
from pension funds, route lists, rights to payment and other rights under any royalty or licensing agreements, including Intellectual
Property Licenses, infringement claims, computer programs, information contained on computer disks or tapes, software, literature,
reports, catalogs, pension plan refunds, pension plan refund claims, insurance premium rebates, tax refunds, and tax refund claims,
interests in a partnership or limited liability company which do not constitute a security under Article 8 of the Code, and any
other personal property other than Commercial Tort Claims, money, Accounts, Chattel Paper, Deposit Accounts, goods, Investment
Related Property, Negotiable Collateral, and oil, gas, or other minerals before extraction.


 


(q)          “Governmental
Authority” means any domestic or foreign federal, state, local, or other governmental or administrative body, instrumentality,
board, department, or agency or any court, tribunal, administrative hearing body, arbitration panel, commission, or other similar
dispute-resolving panel or body.


 



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(r)          “Grantor”
and “Grantors” have the meanings specified therefor in the recitals to this Agreement.


 


(s)          “Guaranties”
means the Guaranty dated of even date herewith executed by Guarantors in favor of the Secured Parties, together with any other
guaranty or similar agreement now or hereafter executed by a Guarantor in favor of any Secured Party in connection with the Notes
or any of the other Transaction Document.


 


(t)          “Guarantor”
means each Grantor and each other Person that now or hereafter executes a Guaranty.


 


(u)          “Holders”
mean the holders of the Notes from time to time, their endorsees, transferees and assigns.


 


(v)         “Insolvency
Proceeding” means any proceeding commenced by or against any Person under any provision of the Bankruptcy Code or under
any other state or federal bankruptcy or insolvency Law or any equivalent Laws in any other jurisdiction, assignments for the benefit
of creditors, formal or informal moratoria, compositions, extensions generally with creditors, or proceedings seeking reorganization,
arrangement, or other similar relief.


 


(w)          “Intellectual
Property” means Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, the goodwill associated with such Trademarks, trade secrets and customer
lists, and Intellectual Property Licenses.


 


(x)          “Intellectual
Property Licenses” means rights under or interests in any patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property,
including software license agreements with any other party, whether the applicable Grantor is a licensee or licensor under any
such license agreement, including the license agreements listed on Schedule 4 attached hereto and made a part hereof.


 


(y)          “Inventory”
means Inventory (as that term is defined in the Code).


 


(z)          “Investment
Related Property” means (i) investment property (as that term is defined in the Code), and (ii) all of the following
(regardless of whether classified as investment property under the Code): all Pledged Interests, Pledged Operating Agreements,
and Pledged Partnership Agreements.


 


(aa)         “Lien”
means any security interest, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage, assignment, lien (statutory or other, and including environmental
and tax liens), deposit arrangement, violation, charge, lease, license, encumbrance, servient easement, adverse claim, reversion,
reverter, preference, priority, other security agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever (including
any conditional sale or other title retention agreement and any capital lease or any synthetic or other financing lease having
substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing), restrictive covenant, condition or restriction of any kind, including
any restriction on the use, voting, transfer, receipt of income or other exercise of any attributes of ownership.


 



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(bb)         “Negotiable
Collateral” means letters of credit, letter-of-credit rights, instruments, promissory notes, drafts, and documents.


 


(cc)         “Note”
has the meaning specified therefor in the Purchase Agreement.


 


(dd)         “Patents”
means patents and patent applications, and also includes (i) the patents and patent applications listed on Schedule 5 attached
hereto and made a part hereof, (ii) all renewals thereof, (iii) all income, royalties, damages and payments now and hereafter due
or payable under and with respect thereto, including payments under all licenses entered into in connection therewith and damages
and payments for past or future infringements or dilutions thereof, (iv) the right to sue for past, present and future infringements
and dilutions thereof, and (v) all of each Grantor’s rights corresponding thereto throughout the world.


 


(ee)         “Patent
Security Agreement” means each Patent Security Agreement among the Grantors and the Agent in substantially the form of
Exhibit B attached hereto, pursuant to which the Grantors have granted to the Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties a security
interest in all their respective Patents.


 


(ff)         “Permitted
Liens” means (i) liens imposed by law for taxes, assessments or charges or levies of any governmental authority for claims
not yet due or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which adequate reserves or
other appropriate provisions are being maintained in accordance with GAAP; (ii) liens of landlords and liens of carriers, warehousemen,
suppliers, mechanics, materialmen and other liens in existence on the date hereof or thereafter imposed by law and created in the
ordinary course of business; (iii) liens incurred or deposits made in the ordinary course of business (including, without limitation,
surety bonds and appeal bonds) in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other types of social
security benefits or to secure the performance of tenders, bids, leases, contracts, statutory obligations and other similar obligations,
(iv) easements (including, without limitations, reciprocal easement agreements and utility agreements), rights-of-way, covenants,
consents, reservations, encroachments, variations and zoning and other restrictions, charges or encumbrances (whether or not recorded)
and interest of ground lessors, which do not interfere materially with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Company; (v)
letters of credit or deposits in the ordinary course to secure leases, (vi) liens permitted in the Purchase Agreement and the Note,
and (vii) liens consisting of customary transfer restrictions in joint venture agreements, stockholder agreements or other similar
agreements, in each case, except to the extent any of the foregoing would reasonably be expected to result in or results in a Material
Adverse Effect.


 


(gg)         “Permitted
Protest” means the right of any Grantor to protest any Lien (other than any Lien that secures the Secured Obligations),
taxes (other than payroll taxes or taxes that are the subject of a United States federal tax lien), or rental payment, provided
that (a) a reserve with respect to such obligation is established on such Grantor’s books and records in such amount as is
required under GAAP, (b) any such protest is instituted promptly and prosecuted diligently by such Grantor in good faith, and (c)
while any such protest is pending, there will be no impairment of the enforceability, validity, or priority of the Agent’s
Liens.


 



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(hh)         “Person”
means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, governmental entity, regulatory or self-regulatory
authority, association or other entity.


 


(ii)         “Pledged
Companies” means, each Person listed on Schedule 8 hereto as a “Pledged Company”, together with each
other Person all or a portion of whose Stock is acquired or otherwise owned by a Grantor after the date hereof.


 


(jj)         “Pledged
Interests” means all of each Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to all of the Stock now or hereafter owned
by such Grantor, regardless of class or designation, including all substitutions therefor and replacements thereof, all proceeds
thereof and all rights relating thereto, also including any certificates representing the Stock, the right to receive any certificates
representing any of the Stock, all warrants, options, share appreciation rights and other rights, contractual or otherwise, in
respect thereof, and the right to receive dividends, distributions of income, profits, surplus, or other compensation by way of
income or liquidating distributions, in cash or in kind, and cash, instruments, and other property from time to time received,
receivable, or otherwise distributed in respect of or in addition to, in substitution of, on account of, or in exchange for any
or all of the foregoing.


 


(kk)         “Pledged
Operating Agreements” means all of each Grantor’s rights, powers, and remedies under the limited liability company
operating agreements of each of the Pledged Companies that are limited liability companies.


 


(ll)         “Pledged
Partnership Agreements” means all of each Grantor’s rights, powers, and remedies under the partnership agreements
of each of the Pledged Companies that are partnerships.


 


(mm)         “Proceeds”
has the meaning specified therefor in Section 2.


 


(nn)         “Purchase
Agreement” has the meaning specified therefor in the recitals to this Agreement.


 


(oo)         “Real
Property” means any estates or interests in real property now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor and the improvements
thereto.


 


(pp)         “Records”
means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or which is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable
in perceivable form.


 


(qq)         “Secured
Obligations” mean all of the present and future payment and performance obligations of Grantors arising under the Transaction
Documents, including, without duplication, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses and any interest, fees, or expenses that
accrue after the filing of an Insolvency Proceeding, regardless of whether allowed or allowable in whole or in part as a claim
in any Insolvency Proceeding.


 


(rr)         “Secured
Parties” means the Holders of the Notes.


 


(ss)         “Securities
Account” means a Securities account (as that term is defined in the Code).


 



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(tt)         “Security
Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement, each Copyright Security Agreement, each Patent Security Agreement, each
Trademark Security Agreement, each Control Agreement, and each other security agreement, pledge agreement, assignment, mortgage,
security deed, deed of trust, and other agreement or document executed and delivered by a Grantor as security for any of the Secured
Obligations.


 


(uu)         “Security
Interest” and “Security Interests” have the meanings specified therefor in Section 2.


 


(vv)         “Stock”
means all shares, options, warrants, interests (including membership and partnership interests), participations, or other equivalents
(regardless of how designated) of or in a Person, whether voting or nonvoting, including common stock, preferred stock, or any
other “equity security” (as such term is defined in Rule 3a11-1 of the General Rules and Regulations promulgated by
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and any successor thereto under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as in
effect from time to time).


 


(ww)         “Supporting
Obligations” means Supporting obligations (as such term is defined in the Code).


 


(xx)        “Trademarks”
means trademarks, trade names, trademark applications, service marks, service mark applications, and also includes (i) the trade
names, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, and service mark applications listed on Schedule 6 attached hereto
and made a part hereof, and (ii) all renewals thereof, (iii) all income, royalties, damages and payments now and hereafter due
or payable under and with respect thereto, including payments under all licenses entered into in connection therewith and damages
and payments for past or future infringements or dilutions thereof, (iv) the right to sue for past, present and future infringements
and dilutions thereof, (v) the goodwill of each Grantor’s business symbolized by the foregoing or connected therewith, and
(vi) all of each Grantor’s rights corresponding thereto throughout the world.


 


(yy)         “Trademark
Security Agreement” means each Trademark Security Agreement among the Grantors and the Agent in substantially the form
of Exhibit C attached hereto, pursuant to which Grantors have granted to the Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties a security
interest in all their respective Trademarks.


 


(zz)         “URL”
means “uniform resource locator,” an internet web address.


 


2.          Grant
of Security. Each Grantor hereby unconditionally grants, assigns, and pledges to the Agent, for the benefit of the Secured
Parties, a separate, continuing first priority security interest (each, a “Security Interest” and, collectively,
the “Security Interests”) in all assets of such Grantor whether now owned or hereafter acquired or arising and
wherever located, including such Grantor’s right, title, and interest in and to the following, whether now owned or hereafter
acquired or arising and wherever located (collectively, the “Collateral”):


 


(a)          all
of such Grantor’s Accounts;


 


(b)          all
of such Grantor’s Books;


 



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(c)          all
of such Grantor’s Chattel Paper;


 


(d)          all
of such Grantor’s Deposit Accounts;


 


(e)          all
of such Grantor’s Equipment and fixtures;


 


(f)          all
of such Grantor’s General Intangibles;


 


(g)          all
of such Grantor’s Inventory;


 


(h)          all
of such Grantor’s Investment Related Property;


 


(i)          all
of such Grantor’s Negotiable Collateral;


 


(j)          all
of such Grantor’s rights in respect of Supporting Obligations;


 


(k)          all
of such Grantor’s Commercial Tort Claims;


 


(l)          all
of such Grantor’s money, cash, cash equivalents, or other assets of each such Grantor that now or hereafter come into the
possession, custody, or control of the Agent or any Secured Party;


 


(m)          all
of the proceeds and products, whether tangible or intangible, of any of the foregoing, including proceeds of insurance or Commercial
Tort Claims covering or relating to any or all of the foregoing, and any and all Accounts, Books, Chattel Paper, Deposit Accounts,
Equipment, General Intangibles, Inventory, Investment Related Property, Negotiable Collateral, Supporting Obligations, money, or
other tangible or intangible property resulting from the sale, lease, license, exchange, collection, or other disposition of any
of the foregoing, the proceeds of any award in condemnation with respect to any of the foregoing, any rebates or refunds, whether
for taxes or otherwise, and all proceeds of any such proceeds, or any portion thereof or interest therein, and the proceeds thereof,
and all proceeds of any loss of, damage to, or destruction of the above, whether insured or not insured, and, to the extent not
otherwise included, any indemnity, warranty, or guaranty payable by reason of loss or damage to, or otherwise with respect to any
of the foregoing (the “Proceeds”). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term “Proceeds”
includes whatever is receivable or received when Investment Related Property or proceeds are sold, exchanged, collected, or otherwise
disposed of, whether such disposition is voluntary or involuntary, and includes proceeds of any indemnity or guaranty payable to
any Grantor or the Agent from time to time with respect to any of the Investment Related Property.


 


3.          Security
for Obligations. This Agreement and the Security Interests created hereby secure the payment and performance of the Secured
Obligations, whether now existing or arising hereafter. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this Agreement secures
the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and would be owed by Grantors, or any of them, to the
Secured Parties, or any of them, or the Agent but for the fact that they are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence
of an Insolvency Proceeding involving any Grantor.


 



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4.          Grantors
Remain Liable. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, (a) each of the Grantors shall remain liable under the contracts
and agreements included in the Collateral, including the Pledged Operating Agreements and the Pledged Partnership Agreements, to
perform all of the duties and obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (b) the exercise
by the Agent of any of the rights hereunder shall not release any Grantor from any of its duties or obligations under such contracts
and agreements included in the Collateral, and (c) the Secured Parties or the Agent shall not have any obligation or liability
under such contracts and agreements included in the Collateral by reason of this Agreement, nor shall the Secured Parties or the
Agent be obligated to perform any of the obligations or duties of any Grantors thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce
any claim for payment assigned hereunder. Until an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, except as otherwise provided
in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, the Grantors shall have the right to possession and enjoyment of the Collateral
for the purpose of conducting the ordinary course of their respective businesses, subject to and upon the terms hereof and the
other Transaction Documents. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is the intention of the parties hereto that record
and beneficial ownership of the Pledged Interests, including all voting, consensual, and dividend rights, shall remain in the applicable
Grantor until the occurrence of an Event of Default and until the Agent shall notify the applicable Grantor of the Agent’s
exercise of voting, consensual, or dividend rights with respect to the Pledged Interests pursuant to Section 16 hereof.


 


5.        Agent’s
Duties.


 


(a)     Other
than as specified in this Agreement and any amendment hereto, the Agent shall not be required to take or refrain from taking any
actions, to exercise or refrain from exercising any rights, or to make or refrain from making any requests unless it shall first
receive proper written instructions from Secured Parties (or their respective successors or assigns) holding at representing at
least two-thirds of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding.


 


(b)     The
Agent shall hold all Collateral received by it, and shall make disposition thereof, only in accordance with this Agreement or any
amendment thereto.  Except for the safe custody of any Collateral in its possession and the accounting for moneys actually
received by it hereunder, the Agent shall have no duty as to any Collateral, as to ascertaining or taking action with respect to
calls, conversions, exchanges, maturities, tenders or other matters relative to any Pledged Interests, whether or not the Agent
or any of the Secured Parties has or is deemed to have knowledge of such matters, or as to the taking of any necessary steps to
preserve rights against any parties or any other rights pertaining to any Collateral.


 


(c)     The
Agent shall not be under any duty or obligation to inspect, review or examine any document, instrument, certificate, agreement
or other papers to determine that they are enforceable or that they are other than what they purport to be on their face.  The
Agent shall hold any Collateral delivered to the Agent as the agent of and for the benefit of each Secured Party, without preference
as to any Secured Party.


 



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(d)     The
duties and obligations of the Agent shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Agreement and the Purchase Agreement,
or any amendments or any instructions permitted hereby.  The Agent shall have no obligation with respect to any other
matters covered in any other document other than as expressly provided herein, or any amendment hereto.  The Agent shall
not be liable except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Agreement or as set
forth in a written amendment to this Agreement executed by the parties hereto or their successors or assigns.  No representations,
warranties, covenants or obligations of the Agent or any Secured Party shall be implied with respect to this Agreement or the Agent’s
services hereunder.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Agent:


 


(i)      shall
use the same degree of care and skill as a reasonable person would use in similar circumstances (without limiting the generality
of the foregoing, the Agent shall be deemed to have exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of any Collateral
in its possession if such Collateral is accorded treatment substantially equal to that which the Agent accords its own property
of like tenor);


 


(ii)      shall
not be obligated to take any legal action hereunder that might in its reasonable judgment involve any risk of expense or liability
unless it has been furnished with indemnity or security satisfactory to it from the Secured Parties;


 


(iii)      may
conclusively rely on and shall be protected in acting in good faith upon any certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter,
or other document, or any security, delivered to it and in good faith believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed by the
proper party or parties;


 


(iv)      may
conclusively rely on and shall be protected in acting in good faith upon the written instructions of Secured Parties holding at
least two-thirds of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding;


 


(v)      may
consult its own independent counsel satisfactory to it and the opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in furtherance of its duties
hereunder, in accordance with the opinion of such counsel;


 


(vi)      may
execute any of the powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or through agents or attorneys and shall not
be liable for the acts or omissions of any such agent or attorney appointed with due care hereunder; and


 


(vii)      will
be regarded as making no representation and having no responsibilities (except as expressly set forth herein) as to the validity,
sufficiency, value, genuineness, ownership or transferability of any portion of the Collateral, and will not be required to and
will not make any representations as to the validity, value or genuineness of any portion of the Collateral.


 



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(e)      Neither
the Agent nor any of its partners, agents or employees, shall be liable for any error in judgment, for any mistake of fact or for
any action taken or omitted to be taken by it or them hereunder or in connection herewith in good faith and believed by it or them
to be within the purview of this Agreement, except for fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct.  In no event shall
the Agent or its partners, officers, agents and employees be held liable for any special, indirect, punitive or consequential damages
resulting from any action taken or omitted to be taken by it or them hereunder in connection herewith even if advised of the possibility
of such damages.


 


(f)      Whenever,
in the administration of this Agreement, the Agent reasonably shall deem it necessary that a matter be proved or established prior
to taking, suffering or omitting any action under this Agreement, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein
specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate of the Secured Parties, and such
certificate shall be full warranty to the Agent for any action taken, suffered or omitted under the provisions of this Agreement,
upon the faith thereof.


 


6.          Representations
and Warranties. Each Grantor hereby represents and warrants as follows:


 


(a)          The
exact legal name of each of the Grantors is set forth on the signature pages of this Agreement.


 


(b)          Schedule
1 attached hereto sets forth all Real Property owned or leased by the Grantors as of the date hereof.


 


(c)          Schedule
2 attached hereto sets forth all Deposit Accounts owned by the Grantors as of the date hereof.


 


(d)          As
of the date hereof and except in the ordinary course of business, no Grantor has any interest in, or title to, any material Copyrights,
Intellectual Property Licenses, Patents, or Trademarks except as set forth on Schedules 3, 4, 5 and 6,
respectively, attached hereto. This Agreement is effective to create a valid and continuing Lien on such Copyrights, Intellectual
Property Licenses, Patents and Trademarks and, upon filing of the Copyright Security Agreement with the United States Copyright
Office and filing of the Patent Security Agreement and the Trademark Security Agreement with the United State Patent and Trademark
Office, and the filing of appropriate financing statements (the “UCC Statements”) in the jurisdictions listed
on Schedule 7 hereto, all action necessary or desirable to protect and perfect the Security Interests in and to each Grantor’s
Patents, Trademarks, or Copyrights has been taken and such perfected Security Interests are enforceable as such as against any
and all creditors of and purchasers from any Grantor. No Grantor has any interest in any Copyright that is necessary in connection
with the operation of such Grantor’s business, except for those Copyrights identified on Schedule 3 attached hereto
which have been registered with the United States Copyright Office.


 



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(e)          This
Agreement creates a valid security interest in the Collateral of each of Grantors, to the extent a security interest therein can
be created under the Code, securing the payment of the Secured Obligations. Except to the extent a security interest in the Collateral
cannot be perfected by the filing of a financing statement under the Code, all filings and other actions necessary or desirable
to perfect and protect such security interest have been duly taken or will have been taken upon the filing of the UCC Statements
listing each applicable Grantor, as a debtor, and the Agent, as secured party, in the jurisdictions listed next to such Grantor’s
name on Schedule 7 attached hereto. Upon the making of such filings, the Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, shall
have a first priority perfected security interest in the Collateral of each Grantor to the extent such security interest can be
perfected by the filing of a financing statement. All action by any Grantor necessary to protect and perfect such security interest
on each item of Collateral has been duly taken.


 


(f)          (i)
Except for the Security Interests created hereby, such Grantor is and will at all times be the sole holder of record and the legal
and beneficial owner, free and clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens, of the Pledged Interests indicated on Schedule
8 as being owned by such Grantor and, when acquired by such Grantor, any Pledged Interests acquired after the date hereof;
(ii) all of the Pledged Interests are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and the Pledged Interests constitute
or will constitute the percentage of the issued and outstanding Stock of the Pledged Companies of such Grantor identified on Schedule
8 hereto; (iii) such Grantor has the right and requisite authority to pledge the Investment Related Property pledged by such
Grantor to the Agent as provided herein; (iv) all actions necessary or desirable to perfect, establish the first priority of, or
otherwise protect, the Agent’s Liens in the Investment Related Collateral, and the proceeds thereof, have been duly taken,
(A) upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement; (B) upon the taking of possession by the Agent of any certificates constituting
the Pledged Interests, to the extent such Pledged Interests are represented by certificates, together with undated powers endorsed
in blank by the applicable Grantor; (C) upon the filing of UCC Statements in the applicable jurisdiction set forth on Schedule
7 attached hereto for such Grantor with respect to the Pledged Interests of such Grantor that are not represented by certificates,
and (D) with respect to any Securities Accounts, upon the delivery of Control Agreements with respect thereto; and (v) each Grantor
has delivered to and deposited with the Agent (or, with respect to any Pledged Interests created or obtained after the date hereof,
will deliver and deposit in accordance with Sections 7(a) and 9 hereof) all certificates representing the Pledged
Interests owned by such Grantor to the extent such Pledged Interests are represented by certificates, and undated powers endorsed
in blank with respect to such certificates. None of the Pledged Interests owned or held by such Grantor has been issued or transferred
in violation of any securities registration, securities disclosure, or similar Laws of any jurisdiction to which such issuance
or transfer may be subject.


 


(g)          No
consent, approval, authorization, or other order or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any Governmental Authority
or any other Person is required (i) for the grant of a Security Interest by such Grantor in and to the Collateral pursuant to this
Agreement or for the execution, delivery, or performance of this Agreement by such Grantor, or (ii) for the exercise by the Agent
of the voting or other rights provided in this Agreement with respect to Investment Related Property or the remedies in respect
of the Collateral pursuant to this Agreement, except as may be required in connection with such disposition of Investment Related
Property by Laws affecting the offering and sale of securities generally.


 


7.          Covenants.
Each Grantor, jointly and severally, covenants and agrees with the Agent (for the benefit of the Secured Parties) that from and
after the date of this Agreement and until the date of termination of this Agreement in accordance with Section 20 hereof
(but only to the extent the particular assets described in this Section 7 constitute Collateral hereunder):


 



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(a)          Possession
of Collateral. In the event that any Collateral, including proceeds, is evidenced by or consists of Negotiable Collateral,
Investment Related Property, or Chattel Paper, and if and to the extent that perfection or priority of the Secured Party and Agent’s
Security Interests is dependent on or enhanced by possession, the applicable Grantor shall execute such other documents and instruments
as are necessary or, if applicable, endorse and deliver physical possession of such Negotiable Collateral, Investment Related Property,
or Chattel Paper to the Agent, together with such undated powers endorsed in blank as shall be requested by the Agent.


 


(b)          Chattel
Paper.


 


(i)          Each
Grantor shall take all steps reasonably necessary to grant the Agent control of and a first priority security interest in all Chattel
Paper in accordance with the Code, the New York Electronic Signatures and Records Act and Section 201 of the federal Electronic
Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act as in effect in any relevant jurisdiction; and


 


(ii)         If
any Grantor retains possession of any Chattel Paper or instruments (which retention of possession shall be subject to the extent
permitted hereby and by the Purchase Agreement), such Chattel Paper and instruments shall be promptly marked with the following
legend: “This writing and the obligations evidenced or secured hereby are subject to the Security Interests of JGB Collateral
LLC for the benefit of the Secured Parties named in that certain Security Agreement dated March 30, 2012.”


 


(c)          Control
Agreements.


 


(i)          Each
Grantor shall obtain an authenticated Control Agreement from each bank maintaining a Deposit Account for such Grantor; and


 


(ii)         Each
Grantor shall obtain authenticated Control Agreements from each issuer of uncertificated securities, securities intermediary, or
commodities intermediary issuing or holding any financial assets or commodities to or for any Grantor.


 


(d)          Letter-of-Credit
Rights. Each Grantor that is or becomes the beneficiary of a letter of credit shall promptly (and in any event within 2 Business
Days after becoming a beneficiary), notify the Agent thereof in writing, and enter into a multi-party agreement with the Agent
and the issuing or confirming bank with respect to letter-of-credit rights assigning such letter-of-credit rights to the Agent
and directing all payments thereunder to the Agent, all in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent.


 


(e)          Commercial
Tort Claims. Each Grantor shall promptly (and in any event within 2 Business Days of receipt thereof), notify the Secured Parties
and the Agent in writing upon incurring or otherwise obtaining a Commercial Tort Claim after the date hereof and promptly amend
Schedule 9 to this Agreement to describe such after-acquired Commercial Tort Claim in a manner that reasonably identifies
such Commercial Tort Claim, and hereby authorizes the filing of additional financing statements or amendments to existing financing
statements describing such Commercial Tort Claims, and agrees to do such other acts or things deemed necessary or desirable to
give the Agent and Secured Party a first priority, perfected security interest in any such Commercial Tort Claim.


 



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(f)          Government
Contracts. If any Account or Chattel Paper arises out of a contract or contracts with the United States of America or any department,
agency, or instrumentality thereof, the Grantors shall promptly (and in any event within 2 Business Days of the creation thereof)
notify the Agent thereof in writing and execute any instruments or take any steps necessary in order that all moneys due or to
become due under such contract or contracts shall be assigned to the Agent (for the benefit of the Secured Parties), and shall
provide written notice thereof under the Assignment of Claims Act or other applicable Law.


 


(g)          Intellectual
Property.


 


(i)          In
order to facilitate filings with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the United States Copyright Office or any other
applicable Governmental Authority, each Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Agent one or more Copyright Security Agreements,
Trademark Security Agreements, or Patent Security Agreements to further evidence the Agent’s Liens on such Grantor’s
Patents, Trademarks, or Copyrights, and the General Intangibles of such Grantor relating thereto or represented thereby;


 


(ii)         Each
Grantor shall have the duty, to the extent necessary or economically desirable in the operation of such Grantor’s business,
(A) to promptly sue for infringement, misappropriation, or dilution and to recover any and all damages for such infringement, misappropriation,
or dilution, (B) to prosecute diligently any trademark application or service mark application that is part of the Trademarks pending
as of the date hereof or hereafter until the termination of this Agreement, (C) to prosecute diligently any patent application
that is part of the Patents pending as of the date hereof or hereafter until the termination of this Agreement, and (D) to take
all reasonable and necessary action to preserve and maintain all of such Grantor’s Trademarks, Patents, Copyrights, Intellectual
Property Licenses, and its rights therein, including the filing of applications for renewal, affidavits of use, affidavits of noncontestability
and opposition and interference and cancellation proceedings. Each Grantor shall promptly file an application with the United States
Copyright Office for any Copyright that has not been registered with the United States Copyright Office if such Copyright is necessary
in connection with the operation of such Grantor’s business. Any expenses incurred in connection with the foregoing shall
be borne by the appropriate Grantor. Each Grantor further agrees not to abandon any Trademark, Patent, Copyright, or Intellectual
Property License that is necessary or economically desirable in the operation of such Grantor’s business;


 


(iii)        The
Grantors acknowledge and agree that the Agent shall have no duties with respect to the Trademarks, Patents, Copyrights, or Intellectual
Property Licenses. Without limiting the generality of this Section 7(g), the Grantors acknowledge and agree that the Agent
and each Secured Party shall not be under any obligation to take any steps necessary to preserve rights in the Trademarks, Patents,
Copyrights, or Intellectual Property Licenses against any other Person, but the Agent may do so at its option from and after the
occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, and all expenses incurred in connection therewith (including reasonable
fees and expenses of attorneys and other professionals) shall be for the sole account of the Grantors and shall be deemed to be
Secured Obligations; and


 



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(iv)        In
no event shall any Grantor, either itself or through any agent, employee, licensee, or designee, file an application for the registration
of any Patent, Trademark, or Copyright with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office or
any similar office or agency without giving the Agent prior written notice thereof. Promptly upon any such filing, each Grantor
shall comply with Section 7(g)(i) hereof.


 


(h)          Investment
Related Property.


 


(i)          If
any Grantor shall receive or become entitled to receive any Pledged Interests after the date hereof, it shall promptly (and in
any event within 2 Business Days of receipt thereof) identify such Pledged Interests in a written notice to the Agent;


 


(ii)         All
sums of money and property paid or distributed in respect of the Investment Related Property that are received by any Grantor shall
be held by such Grantor in trust for the benefit of the Agent segregated from such Grantor’s other property, and such Grantor
shall deliver it forthwith to the Agent in the exact form received;


 


(iii)        Each
Grantor shall promptly deliver to the Agent a copy of each notice or other communication received by it in respect of any Pledged
Interests;


 


(iv)        No
Grantor shall make or consent to any amendment or other modification or waiver with respect to any Pledged Interests, Pledged Operating
Agreement, or Pledged Partnership Agreement, or enter into any agreement or permit to exist any restriction with respect to any
Pledged Interests other than pursuant to the Purchase Agreement;


 


(v)         Each
Grantor agrees that it will obtain all necessary approvals and make all necessary filings under federal, state, local, or foreign
Law in connection with the Security Interests on the Investment Related Property or any sale or transfer thereof; and


 


(vi)        As
to all limited liability company or partnership interests issued under any Pledged Operating Agreement or Pledged Partnership Agreement,
each Grantor hereby represents, warrants and covenants that the Pledged Interests issued pursuant to such agreement (A) are not
and shall not be dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or in securities markets, (B) do not and will not constitute investment
company securities, and (C) are not and will not be held by such Grantor in a securities account. In addition, none of the
Pledged Operating Agreements, the Pledged Partnership Agreements, or any other agreements governing any of the Pledged Interests
issued under any Pledged Operating Agreement or Pledged Partnership Agreement provides or shall provide that such Pledged Interests
are securities governed by Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in any relevant jurisdiction.


 



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(i)          Transfers
and Other Liens. Grantors shall not (i) sell, assign (by operation of law or otherwise) or otherwise dispose of, or grant any
option with respect to, any of the Collateral, except as expressly permitted by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents,
or (ii) create or permit to exist any Lien upon or with respect to any of the Collateral of any of Grantors, except for Permitted
Liens. The inclusion of Proceeds in the Collateral shall not be deemed to constitute consent by the Agent to any sale or other
disposition of any of the Collateral except as expressly permitted in this Agreement or the Purchase Agreement.


 


(j)          Other
Actions as to Any and All Collateral. Each Grantor shall promptly (and in any event within 2 Business Days of acquiring or
obtaining such Collateral) notify the Agent in writing upon (i) acquiring or otherwise obtaining any Collateral after the date
hereof consisting of Trademarks, Patents, Copyrights, Intellectual Property Licenses, Investment Related Property, Chattel Paper
(electronic, tangible or otherwise), Documents (as defined in Article 9 of the Code), Promissory notes (as defined in the Code),
or Instruments (as defined in the Code) or (ii) any amount payable under or in connection with any of the Collateral being or becoming
evidenced after the date hereof by any Chattel Paper, documents, promissory notes, or instruments and, in each such case, promptly
execute such other documents, or if applicable, deliver such Chattel Paper, other documents or certificates evidencing any Investment
Related Property and do such other acts or things necessary or desirable to protect the Agent and Secured Parties’ Security
Interests therein.


 


(k)          Future
Subsidiaries. If any person becomes a Subsidiary of the Company after the date hereof, the Company shall cause such Person,
within 2 days after it becomes a Subsidiary, (i) to execute and deliver a joinder to this Agreement and the other Security Documents
in which such new Subsidiary agrees to be bound by the terms hereof and thereof as if it where an original Grantor party hereto
and thereto, such joinder agreements to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, and (ii) to take any other
necessary action so that such new Subsidiary is bound by the provisions hereof in the same manner and to the same extent as each
other Grantor.


 


8.          Relation
to Other Transaction Documents. The provisions of this Agreement shall be read and construed with the Transaction Documents
referred to below in the manner so indicated.


 


(a)          Purchase
Agreement and Notes. In the event of any conflict between any provision in this Agreement and a provision in the Purchase Agreement,
the Notes or the Warrant, such provision of the Purchase Agreement, the Notes or the Warrant shall control.


 


(b)          Patent,
Trademark, Copyright Security Agreements. The provisions of the Copyright Security Agreements, Trademark Security Agreements,
and Patent Security Agreements are supplemental to the provisions of this Agreement, and nothing contained in the Copyright Security
Agreements, Trademark Security Agreements or the Patent Security Agreements shall limit any of the rights or remedies of the Agent
hereunder.


 



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9.          Further
Assurances.


 


(a)          Each
Grantor agrees that from time to time, at its own expense, such Grantor will promptly execute and deliver all further instruments
and documents, and take all further action, that may be necessary and that the Agent may reasonably request, in order to perfect
and protect the Security Interests granted or purported to be granted hereby or to enable the Agent and the Secured Parties to
exercise and enforce their rights and remedies hereunder with respect to any of the Collateral.


 


(b)          Each
Grantor authorizes the filing by the Agent of financing or continuation statements, or amendments thereto, and such Grantor will
execute and deliver to the Agent such other instruments or notices, as may be necessary and as the Agent may reasonably request,
in order to perfect and preserve the Security Interests granted or purported to be granted hereby.


 


(c)          Each
Grantor authorizes the Agent at any time and from time to time to file, transmit, or communicate, as applicable, financing statements
and amendments (i) describing the Collateral as “all personal property of debtor” or “all assets of debtor”
or words of similar effect, (ii) describing the Collateral as being of equal or lesser scope or with greater detail, or (iii) that
contain any information required by part 5 of Article 9 of the Code for the sufficiency or filing office acceptance. Each Grantor
also hereby ratifies any and all financing statements or amendments previously filed by the Agent in any jurisdiction.


 


(d)          Each
Grantor acknowledges that it is not authorized to file any financing statement or amendment or termination statement with respect
to any financing statement filed in connection with this Agreement without first notifying the Agent of such filing and then having
received the prior written consent of the Agent, subject to such Grantor's rights under Section 9-509(d)(2) of the Code.


 


10.         Agent’s
Right to Perform Contracts, Exercise Rights, etc. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the
Agent (a) may, but shall not be required to, proceed to perform any and all of the obligations of any Grantor contained in any
contract, lease, or other agreement and exercise any and all rights of any Grantor therein contained as fully as such Grantor itself
could, (b) shall have the right, but not the obligation, to use any Grantor’s rights under Intellectual Property Licenses
in connection with the enforcement of the Secured Party and the Agent’s rights hereunder, including the right to prepare
for sale and sell any and all Inventory and Equipment now or hereafter owned by any Grantor and now or hereafter covered by such
licenses, and (c) shall have the right, but not the obligation, to request that any Stock that is pledged hereunder be registered
in the name of the Agent or any of its nominees.


 


11.         Agent
Appointed Attorney-in-Fact. Each Grantor hereby irrevocably appoints the Agent its attorney-in-fact at the time of the execution
of this Agreement. The Agent shall have full authority in the place and stead of such Grantor and in the name of such Grantor or
otherwise, at such time as an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, to take any action and to execute any instrument
that the Agent may reasonably deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, including:


 



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(a)          to
ask, demand, collect, sue for, recover, compromise, receive and give acquittance and receipts for moneys due and to become due
under or in connection with any Collateral of such Grantor;


 


(b)          to
receive and open all mail addressed to such Grantor and to notify postal authorities to change the address for the delivery of
mail to such Grantor to that of the Agent;


 


(c)          to
receive, indorse, and collect any drafts or other instruments, documents, Negotiable Collateral or Chattel Paper;


 


(d)          to
file any claims or take any action or institute any proceedings which the Agent may deem necessary or desirable for the collection
of any of the Collateral of such Grantor or otherwise to enforce the rights of the Agent and the Secured Parties with respect to
any of the Collateral;


 


(e)          to
repair, alter, or supply goods, if any, necessary to fulfill in whole or in part the purchase order of any Person obligated to
such Grantor in respect of any Account of such Grantor;


 


(f)          to
use any labels, Patents, Trademarks, trade names, URLs, domain names, industrial designs, Copyrights, advertising matter or other
industrial or intellectual property rights, in advertising for sale and selling Inventory and other Collateral and to collect any
amounts due under Accounts, contracts or Negotiable Collateral of such Grantor; and


 


(g)          The
Agent shall have the right, but shall not be obligated, to bring suit in its own name but for the benefit of the Secured Parties
to enforce the Trademarks, Patents, Copyrights and Intellectual Property Licenses and, if the Agent shall commence any such suit,
the appropriate Grantor shall, at the request of the Agent, do any and all lawful acts and execute any and all proper documents
reasonably required by the Agent in aid of such enforcement.


 


To the extent permitted
by Law, each Grantor hereby ratifies all that such attorney-in-fact shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This
power of attorney is coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable until this Agreement is terminated.


 


12.         Agent
May Perform. If any of Grantors fails to perform any agreement contained herein, the Agent may itself, but shall not be required
to, perform, or cause performance of, such agreement, and the reasonable expenses of the Agent incurred in connection therewith
(including attorneys’ fees and expenses) shall be payable, jointly and severally, by Grantors.


 


13.         Agent’s
Duties; Bailee for Perfection. The powers conferred on the Agent hereunder are solely to protect the Agent’s interests
in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon the Agent in favor of any Grantor to exercise any such powers. Except for
the safe custody of any Collateral in its actual possession and the accounting for moneys actually received by it hereunder, the
Agent shall not have any duty to any Grantor as to any Collateral or as to the taking of any necessary steps to preserve rights
against prior parties or any other rights pertaining to any Collateral. The Agent shall be deemed to have exercised reasonable
care in the custody and preservation of any Collateral in actual possession if such Collateral is accorded treatment substantially
equal to that which the Agent accords its own property. The Grantors hereby agree that if the Agent is in possession of any Collateral
at such time as the Secured Obligations owing to the Agent and the Secured Parties have been paid in full, the Agent may re-deliver
such Collateral to the applicable Grantor without recourse to or representation or warranty by the Agent.


 



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14.         Collection
of Accounts, General Intangibles and Negotiable Collateral. At any time upon the occurrence and during the continuation of
an Event of Default, the Agent may, but shall not be required to, (a) notify Account Debtors of any Grantor that the Accounts,
General Intangibles, Chattel Paper or Negotiable Collateral have been assigned to the Agent or that the Agent has a security interest
therein, and (b) collect the Accounts, General Intangibles and Negotiable Collateral directly, and any collection costs and expenses
shall constitute part of such Grantor's Secured Obligations under the Purchase Agreement.


 


15.         Disposition
of Pledged Interests by the Agent. The Pledged Interests may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities
laws. In connection with any transfer of the Pledged Interests other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or an
exemption from the Securities Act, each Grantor understands that in connection with such disposition, the Agent may approach only
a restricted number of potential purchasers and further understands that a sale under such circumstances may yield a lower price
for the Pledged Interests than if the Pledged Interests were registered and qualified pursuant to federal, state and other securities
Laws and sold on the open market. Each Grantor, therefore, agrees that: (a) if the Agent shall, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement,
sell or cause the Pledged Interests or any portion thereof to be sold at a private sale, the Agent shall have the right to conclusively
rely upon and shall be fully protected in relying upon the advice and opinion of any nationally recognized brokerage or investment
firm (but shall not be obligated to seek such advice and the failure to do so shall not be considered in determining the commercial
reasonableness of such action) as to the best manner in which to offer the Pledged Interest or any portion thereof for sale and
as to the best price reasonably obtainable at the private sale thereof; and (b) such reliance shall be conclusive evidence that
the Agent has handled the disposition in a commercially reasonable manner.


 


16.         Voting
Rights.


 


(a)          Upon
the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default, (i) the Agent may, at its option, and with 2 Business Days prior
notice to any Grantor, and in addition to all rights and remedies available to the Agent under any other agreement, at law, in
equity, or otherwise, exercise all voting rights and all other ownership or consensual rights in respect of the Pledged Interests
owned by such Grantor, but under no circumstances is the Agent obligated by the terms of this Agreement to exercise such rights,
and (ii) if the Agent duly exercises its right to vote any of such Pledged Interests, each Grantor hereby appoints the Agent, such
Grantor’s true and lawful attorney-in-fact and IRREVOCABLE PROXY to vote such Pledged Interests in any manner that the Agent
deems advisable for or against all matters submitted or which may be submitted to a vote of shareholders, partners or members,
as the case may be. The power-of-attorney granted hereby is coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable.


 



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(b)          For
so long as any Grantor shall have the right to vote the Pledged Interests owned by it, such Grantor covenants and agrees that it
will not, without the prior written consent of the Agent, vote or take any consensual action with respect to such Pledged Interests
that would materially adversely affect the rights of the Agent or the value of the Pledged Interests.


 


17.         Remedies.
Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default:


 


(a)          The
Agent may exercise in respect of the Collateral, in addition to other rights and remedies provided for herein, in the other Transaction
Documents, or otherwise available to it, all the rights and remedies of a secured party on default under the Code or any other
applicable Law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor expressly agrees that, in any such event, the Agent,
without any demand, advertisement, or notice of any kind (except a notice specified below of time and place of public or private
sale) to or upon any of Grantors or any other Person (all and each of which demands, advertisements and notices are hereby expressly
waived to the maximum extent permitted by the Code or by any other applicable Law), may take immediate possession of all or any
portion of the Collateral and (i) require Grantors to, and each Grantor hereby agrees that it will at its own expense and upon
request of the Agent, assemble all or part of the Collateral as directed by the Agent and make it available to the Secured Parties
at one or more locations where such Grantor regularly maintains Inventory, and (ii) without notice except as specified below, sell
the Collateral or any part thereof in one or more parcels at public or private sale, at any of the Agent’s offices or elsewhere,
for cash, on credit, and upon such other terms as the Agent may deem commercially reasonable. Each Grantor agrees that, to the
extent notice of sale shall be required by Law, at least 10 days’ notice to any of Grantors of the time and place of any
public sale or the time after which any private sale is to be made shall constitute reasonable notification and specifically such
notice shall constitute a reasonable “authenticated notification of disposition” within the meaning of Section 9-611
of the Code. The Agent shall not be obligated to make any sale of Collateral regardless of notice of sale having been given. The
Agent may adjourn any public or private sale from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed therefor, and such sale
may, without further notice, be made at the time and place to which it was so adjourned.


 


(b)          The
Agent is hereby granted a license or other right to use, without liability for royalties or any other charge, each Grantor’s
labels, Patents, Copyrights, rights of use of any name, trade secrets, trade names, Trademarks, service marks and advertising matter,
URLs, domain names, industrial designs, other industrial or intellectual property or any property of a similar nature, whether
owned by any of Grantors or with respect to which any of Grantors have rights under license, sublicense, or other agreements (but
only to the extent (i) such license, sublicense or agreement does not prohibit such use by the Agent and (ii) such Grantor will
not be in default under such license, sublicense, or other agreement as a result of such use by the Agent), as it pertains to the
Collateral, in preparing for sale, advertising for sale and selling any Collateral, and each Grantor’s rights under all licenses
and all franchise agreements shall inure to the benefit of the Agent.


 


(c)          Any
cash held by the Agent as Collateral and all proceeds received by the Agent in respect of any sale of, collection from, or other
realization upon all or any part of the Collateral shall be applied against the Secured Obligations in the order set forth in Section
17 hereof. In the event the proceeds of Collateral are insufficient to satisfy all of the Secured Obligations in full, each
Grantor shall remain jointly and severally liable for any such deficiency.


 



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(d)          Each
Grantor hereby acknowledges that the Secured Obligations arose out of a commercial transaction, and agrees that if an Event of
Default shall occur and be continuing the Agent shall have the right to an immediate writ of possession without notice of a hearing.
The Agent shall have the right to the appointment of a receiver for the properties and assets of each of Grantors, and each Grantor
hereby consents to such rights and such appointment and hereby waives any objection such Grantors may have thereto or the right
to have a bond or other security posted by the Agent.


 


18.         Application
of Proceeds of Collateral. All proceeds of Collateral received by the Agent shall be applied as follows:


 


(a)          first,
ratably to pay any expenses due to the Agent and Secured Parties (including the reasonable costs and expenses of Agent’s
counsel and those paid or incurred by the Agent and Secured Parties to correct any default under or enforce any provision of the
Transaction Documents, or after the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default in gaining possession of, maintaining, handling,
preserving, storing, shipping, selling, preparing for sale, or advertising to sell the Collateral, or any portion thereof, irrespective
of whether a sale is consummated) or indemnities then due to the Agent or the Secured Parties under the Transaction Documents,
until paid in full;


 


(b)          second,
ratably to pay any fees or premiums then due to the Secured Parties under the Transaction Documents, until paid in full;


 


(c)          third,
ratably to pay interest due in respect of the Secured Obligations then due to the Secured Parties, until paid in full;


 


(d)          fourth,
ratably to pay the principal amount of all Secured Obligations then due to the Secured Parties, until paid in full;


 


(e)          fifth,
ratably to pay any other Secured Obligations then due to the Secured Parties; and


 


(f)          sixth,
to Grantors or such other Person entitled thereto under applicable Law.


 


19.         Marshaling.
The Agent shall not be required to marshal any present or future collateral security (including but not limited to the Collateral)
for, or other assurances of payment of, the Secured Obligations or any of them or to resort to such collateral security or other
assurances of payment in any particular order, and all of its rights and remedies hereunder and in respect of such collateral security
and other assurances of payment shall be cumulative and in addition to all other rights and remedies, however existing or arising.
To the extent that it lawfully may, each Grantor hereby agrees that it will not invoke any Law relating to the marshaling of collateral
which might cause delay in or impede the enforcement of the Agent or any Secured Party’s rights and remedies under this Agreement
or under any other instrument creating or evidencing any of the Secured Obligations or under which any of the Secured Obligations
is outstanding or by which any of the Secured Obligations is secured or payment thereof is otherwise assured, and, to the extent
that it lawfully may, each Grantor hereby irrevocably waives the benefits of all such Laws.


 



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20.         Indemnity
and Expenses.


 


(a)          Each
Grantor agrees to indemnify the Agent and each Secured Party from and against all claims, lawsuits, losses, damages and liabilities
(including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) growing out of or resulting from this Agreement (including enforcement
of this Agreement), except claims, losses or liabilities resulting from the fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct of the
party seeking indemnification as determined by a final non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. This provision
shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents and the repayment of the Secured Obligations.


 


(b)          The
Grantors, jointly and severally, shall, upon demand, pay to the Agent all of the costs and expenses (including those of its agents
and counsel) that the Agent may incur in connection with (i) the administration of this Agreement, (ii) the custody, preservation,
use or operation of, or, upon an Event of Default, the sale of, collection from, or other realization upon, any of the Collateral
in accordance with this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, (iii) the exercise or enforcement of any of the rights of the
Agent hereunder or (iv) the failure by any Grantor to perform or observe any of the provisions hereof. This provision shall survive
the termination of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents and the repayment of the Secured Obligations.


 


21.         Addresses
for Notices. All notices and other communications provided for hereunder (a) shall be given in the form and manner set forth
in the Purchase Agreement and (b) shall be delivered, (i) in the case of notice to any Grantor, by delivery of such notice to the
Company at the Company’s address specified in the Purchase Agreement or at such other address as shall be designated by the
Company in a written notice to the Agent, and (ii) in the case of notice to the Agent, by delivery of such notice to the Secured
Parties, or the Agent, as applicable at its address specified in the Purchase Agreement or at such other address as shall be designated
by the Agent in a written notice to the Company.


 


22.         Separate,
Continuing Security Interests. This Agreement shall create a separate, continuing security interest in the Collateral in favor
of the Agent (for the benefit of the Secured Parties) and shall (a) remain in full force and effect until the Secured Obligations
have been paid in full in cash or by conversion to equity, in either case, in accordance with the provisions of the Transaction
Documents, (b) be binding upon each of Grantors, and their respective successors and assigns, and (c) inure to the benefit of,
and be enforceable by, the Secured Parties and the Agent and its successors, transferees and assigns. Upon payment in full in cash
of the Secured Obligations or by conversion to equity, in either case, in accordance with the provisions of the Transaction Documents,
the Security Interests granted hereby shall terminate and all rights to the Collateral shall revert to Grantors or any other Person
entitled thereto. At such time, the Agent will authorize the filing of appropriate termination statements to terminate such Security
Interests. No transfer or renewal, extension, assignment, or termination of this Agreement or of the Purchase Agreement, any other
Transaction Document, or any other instrument or document executed and delivered by any Grantor to the Agent nor any additional
loans made by the Secured Parties to any Grantor, nor the taking of further security, nor the retaking or re-delivery of the Collateral
to Grantors, or any of them, by any Secured Party or the Agent, nor any other act of any Secured Party or the Agent shall release
any of Grantors from any obligation, except a release or discharge executed in writing by the Secured Parties and the Agent.


 



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23.         Agent.
Each reference herein to any right granted to, benefit conferred upon or power exercisable by the “Agent” shall be
a reference to the Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties. The Agent may resign or be removed as the Agent in accordance
with, and subject to, Agency Letter. Any successor Agent (or any Secured Party, as the case may be) shall succeed to all the rights,
powers, and duties of the retiring Agent and the term “Agent” shall mean such successor Agent (or the Secured Party,
as the case may be) and the retiring Agent’s appointment, powers, and duties as the Agent shall be terminated. After any
retiring Agent’s resignation hereunder as the Agent, the provisions of Agency Letter shall inure to its benefit as
to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was the Agent under this Agreement.


 


24.         Governing
Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. This Agreement and any controversy arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be governed
by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflict of law principles that
would result in the application of any Law other than the Laws of the State of New York. This Agreement shall not be interpreted
or construed with any presumption against the party causing this Agreement to be drafted. Each party hereby irrevocably submits
to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication
of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby
irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to
the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue
of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each Grantor irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process
being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to the Company at the address set forth in the Purchase
Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained
herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by Law. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY
WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION
WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.


 


25.         Counterparts;
Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile signature or by an e-mail that contains a portable document
format (.pdf) file of an executed signature page in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but
all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The exchange of copies of this Agreement and of signature pages
by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Agreement as to the parties hereto and
may be used in lieu of the original Agreement for all purposes.


 


26.         Headings.
The section headings used in this Agreement are used for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting
this Agreement.


 



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27.         Amendments
and Waivers. No waiver of any provision of this Agreement, and no consent to any departure by any of Grantors herefrom, shall
in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Agent (acting upon written instructions from the
Holders holding at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding principal amount of the Notes), and then such waiver or consent shall be effective
only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. No amendment of any provision of this Agreement shall
be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Agent (acting upon written instructions from the Holders holding
at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding principal amount of the Notes) and each of Grantors to which such amendment applies.


 


28.         Severability.
If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall
not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability
of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction.


 


29.         Delays
or Omissions. No delay or omission to exercise any right, power or remedy accruing to a Secured Party or the Agent under this
Agreement upon any breach or default of any Grantor shall impair any such right, power or remedy of the Secured Party or the Agent
nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of any such breach or default, or an acquiescence therein, or of or in any similar breach
or default thereafter occurring; nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or
default theretofore or thereafter occurring.


 


30.         Remedies.
The Agent shall have all rights and remedies set forth in this Agreement and in the Transaction Documents and all rights and remedies
that the Agent has been granted at any time under any other agreement or contract and all of the rights that the Agent has under
applicable Law. All remedies shall be cumulative and not alternative. Each Grantor acknowledges that in the event that it fails
to perform, observe or discharge any or all of its obligations under this Agreement, any remedy at law may prove to be inadequate
relief to the Agent. Each Grantor therefore agrees that the Agent shall be entitled to seek specific performance and/or temporary,
preliminary and permanent injunctive or other equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction in any such case without
the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond or other security.


 


31.         Entire
Agreement. This Agreement and the Transaction Documents, including the exhibits attached hereto and thereto, do and will constitute
the full and entire understanding and agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.


 


32.         Construction.
The terms “including,” “includes,” “include” and words of like import shall be construed broadly
as if followed by the words “without limitation.” The terms “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereof”
and words of like import refer to this entire Agreement instead of just the provision in which they are found. The language used
in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict
construction will be applied against any party.


 



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33.         U.S.A.
Patriot Act. The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Agent, like
all financial institutions and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify,
and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the
Agent. The parties to this Agreement agree that they will provide the Agent with such information as it may request in order for
the Agent to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.


 


34.         Force
Majeure. In no event shall the Agent be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations
hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes,
work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of
God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being
understood that the Agent shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to
resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.


 


[Signature Page Follows]


 



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IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first written above.


 


	GRANTORS:	Elephant Talk Communications Corp., a Delaware
	 	corporation
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/Steven van der Velden
	 	 	 
	 	Name:	Steven van der Velden
	 	 	 
	 	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Europe Holding B.V.
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Alex Vermeulen
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communication Holding AG
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communications S.L.U.
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Mark Nije
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Mobile Services B.V.
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Mark Nije
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communication Austria GmbH
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Telekom GmbH
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communications S.R.L.
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Mark Nije


 



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	 	ET-Stream GmbH
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communication Carrier Services GmbH
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communication Europe GmbH
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communication Schweiz GmbH
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communications France S.A.S.
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communications Premium Rate Services Netherlands B.V.
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communications PRS U.K. Ltd.
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Mark Nije
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Communications Luxembourg SA
	 	 
	 	By:	 /s/ Alex Vermeulen 


 



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	 	Elephant Talk Business Services W.L.L. 
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Mark Nije
	 	 
	 	Guangzhou Elephant Talk Information Technology Ltd
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Alex Vermeulen 
	 	 
	 	ET-UTS N.V.
	 	 
	 	By:	Martin Zuurbier
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Limited
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Steven van der Velden
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Middle East & Africa (Holding) W.L.L.
	 	 
	 	By:	/S/ Steven van der Velden
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Middle East & Africa (Holding) Jordan L.L.C.
	 	 
	 	By:	Martin Zuurbier
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Middle East & Africa Bahrain W.L.L.
	 	 
	 	By:	Martin Zuurbier
	 	 
	 	Elephant Talk Middle East & Africa FZ-LLC
	 	 
	 	By:	/S/ Steven van der Velden
	 	 
	 	Validsoft Ltd.
	 	 
	 	By:	/S/ Steven van der Velden


 



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	 	Validsoft (UK) Ltd 
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/S/ Patrick Carrol
	 	 
	 	Validsoft (Australia) Pty Limited
	 	 
	 	By:	/S/ Patrick Carrol


 






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	AGENT:	JGB Collateral LLC, not in its individual capacity but solely as Agent
	 	By: JGB Management, Inc., its sole member
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ JGB Management, Inc.
	 	 	Name
	 	 	Title:


 








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