CARDIFF MODEL TOOLKIT

COMMUNITY GUIDANCE FOR VIOLENCE PREVENTION
CARDIFF MODEL TOOLKIT

DEVELOPED BY:

CDC CONTRIBUTORS

Laura M. Mercer Kollar, PhD 

Steven A. Sumner, MD, MSc

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA CONTRIBUTORS

Sara F. Jacoby, PhD, MPH, RN 

Greg Ridgeway, PhD

2018

Division of Violence Prevention 

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Atlanta, Georgia

Mercer Kollar, L.M., Jacoby, S.F., Ridgeway, G., Sumner, S.A. Cardiff Model Toolkit: Community Guidance for Violence Prevention. Atlanta, GA: Division of 

Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017.
THE CARDIFF MODEL FOR VIOLENCE PREVENTION TOOLKIT: AN INTRODUCTION

More than half of violent crime in the United States is not reported to law enforcement, 

according to the U.S. Department of Justice. That means cities and communities lack 

a complete understanding of where violence occurs, which limits the ability to develop 

successful solutions. 

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for communities to gain a clearer 

picture about where violence is occurring by combining and mapping both hospital and 

police data on violence. 

But more than just an approach to map and understand violence, the Cardiff Model 

provides a straightforward framework for hospitals, law enforcement agencies, public 

health agencies, community groups, and others interested in violence prevention to 

work together and develop collaborative violence prevention strategies.

The toolkit includes a printable poster, infographic, and these guidance materials:

• What Is the Cardiff Model?

• Hospital Guidance

• Law Enforcement Guidance

• Legal, Technical, and Financial Considerations

• Building Partnerships

• External Communications and Media Relations

• Readiness Checklist

All materials are available for download at www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/

fundedprograms/cardiffmodel.

The Cardiff Model is a promising solution to prevent violence. We encourage you to use 

these materials to create a broad partnership to prevent violence in your community.

Sincerely,

James A. Mercy, PhD

Director

Division of Violence Prevention

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
WHAT IS

THE CARDIFF MODEL?

WHAT IS THE CARDIFF VIOLENCE

PREVENTION MODEL? 

More than half of violent crime in the United States is 

not reported to law enforcement, according to the U.S. 

Department of Justice. That means cities and communities 

lack a complete understanding of where violence occurs, 

which limits the ability to develop successful solutions.

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for 

communities to gain a clearer picture about where violence 

is occurring by combining and mapping both hospital and 

police data on violence. But more than just an approach to 

map and understand violence, the Cardiff Model provides a 

straightforward framework for hospitals, law enforcement 

agencies, public health agencies, community groups, and 

others interested in violence prevention to work together and 

develop collaborative violence prevention strategies.

1
TOOLKIT: WHAT IS THE CARDIFF MODEL? 2

HOW DOES IT WORK?

The Cardiff Model is a multi-agency approach to violence prevention that relies on the strategic 

use of information from health and law enforcement organizations to improve policing and 

community violence prevention programs.1 The basis of the model is information sharing. In 

healthcare settings, violence-related injury data including location, time, date, and mechanism 

of injury are collected. These data are combined with information from law enforcement to help 

communities map where violence frequently occurs. No other personal information (i.e., name, 

date of birth, social security number) is collected, shared, or used. The community violence maps 

can be used to identify the specific locations where violence occurs in public spaces such as 

bars, street corners, or subway stations. 

The Cardiff Model relies on sustained partnerships between healthcare, law enforcement, public 

health agencies, other government agencies, and community organizations. The partnership uses 

local data to create effective injury and violence prevention policy, educate community leaders 

about the need for changes in the places people work and live, and encourage business owners 

and residents to prevent violence by using evidence-based solutions.

HOW WAS THIS MODEL DEVELOPED?

The Cardiff Model was created by Dr. Jonathan Shepherd, a surgeon and 

professor at Cardiff University in Wales, United Kingdom. Dr. Shepherd 

frequently treated people who were injured through violence in his 

hospital’s emergency department. Through his research he discovered that 

only a fraction of these injuries treated in emergency departments were 

reported to law enforcement.2 

In 1996, Dr. Shepherd gathered healthcare providers, law enforcement 

leadership, and other community stakeholders to discuss the concept of 

data sharing and the development of violence prevention interventions. 

By 1998, the Cardiff Model became the primary approach for violence 

prevention across the United Kingdom. The model has helped to facilitate 

solutions to violence such as changes in the environment of violent places 

(increased street lighting and the creation of more pedestrian-friendly 

streets), policy change (switch from glass to plastic barware in taverns), 

and promotion of stronger community partnerships (increased programs 

partnering with clergy to assist violence prevention).
TOOLKIT: WHAT IS THE CARDIFF MODEL? 3

WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE THAT THE 

CARDIFF MODEL IS EFFECTIVE FOR 

VIOLENCE PREVENTION?

Since its development in 1996, the Cardiff 

Model has shown that sharing anonymous 

data describing the location of violence, 

weapon use, assailants, and time of 

violence can allow local police to improve 

their strategies to prevent street violence.3

CDC collaborated with Dr. Shepherd to 

conduct a multi-year evaluation that 

compared violence outcomes in Cardiff, 

Wales to the experience in 14 similar cities. 

The results indicated a 32% reduction in 

police-recorded injuries (comparable to 

aggravated assaults in the U.S.) and a 42% 

reduction in hospital admissions for

violence-related injuries. The model saved 

over $19 in criminal justice costs and nearly 

$15 in health system costs for every $1 spent.4

1. Shepherd (2001). Annals of Emergency Medicine, 38(4), 430-437. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.114317

2. Shepherd (2000). BMJ, 321(7275): 1481-1482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7275

3. Florence et al. (2011). British Medical Journal, 342, d3313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d3313

4. Florence et al. (2014). Injury Prevention, 20(2), 108-114. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040622

32 REDUCTION IN POLICE- % RECORDED INJURIES

REDUCTION IN HOSPITAL 

ADMISSIONS FOR VIOLENCERELATED INJURIES

42%
HOSPITAL GUIDANCE

4

WHAT IS THE CARDIFF VIOLENCE

PREVENTION MODEL? 

More than half of violent crime in the United States is 

not reported to law enforcement, according to the U.S. 

Department of Justice. That means cities and communities 

lack a complete understanding of where violence occurs, 

which limits the ability to develop successful solutions.

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for 

communities to gain a clearer picture about where violence 

is occurring by combining and mapping both hospital and 

police data on violence. But more than just an approach to 

map and understand violence, the Cardiff Model provides a 

straightforward framework for hospitals, law enforcement 

agencies, public health agencies, community groups, and 

others interested in violence prevention to work together 

and develop collaborative violence prevention strategies.
TOOLKIT: HOSPITAL GUIDANCE 5

WHO COLLECTS THE INFORMATION? 

Nurses may be in the best position to collect violence-related injury information when asking 

general screening questions during intake or registration. If the registration process is completed 

by a non-nurse, this staff member could also be considered to be the primary point of contact for 

data collection.

WHAT SPECIFIC INFORMATION IS COLLECTED? 

Hospital and healthcare personnel collect violence-related injury information* that can be used 

to track local violence trends and develop prevention programs. This information includes:

• When the injury occurred (date and time)

• Where the injury took place (exact location: business name and/or street address)

• How the injury happened and/or weapon used (e.g. hit, stabbed with a knife)

Violence-related injury information may be collected at any point during the patient visit. For 

example, the U.K. Cardiff Model and U.S. pilot sites collected data during registration or initial 

triage to prevent any disruption in the workflow.

WHEN IS THE INFORMATION COLLECTED?

It is recommended that data be collected in the emergency department (ED), including the 

trauma bay if the hospital is a trauma center. If the hospital has a separate, on-site urgent care 

clinic and/or trauma unit, these intake points may also be used to collect injury information.

WHERE IN THE HOSPITAL IS THE INFORMATION COLLECTED?

HOW IS THE INFORMATION COLLECTED?

The violence-related injury information can be integrated into the existing electronic medical 

record (EMR) or collected via separate data forms and databases. Integration of violence-related 

injury information into the EMR permits the most efficient data collection and data extraction 

process.

Violence-related injury data from hospitals in combination with law enforcement records are used to map where violence occurs. The U.K. Cardiff 

Model collects intentional injuries only; in the U.S., unintentional and/or intentional (violent) injuries have been collected and shared with the 

*

community safety partnership. Each hospital and community can decide whether to focus on violence or injuries more broadly.
TOOLKIT: HOSPITAL GUIDANCE 6

HOW OFTEN DOES VIOLENCE INFORMATION GET SHARED?

Violence information can be shared on any mutually agreeable timeframe within the community 

safety partnership (CSP). Past partnerships have found monthly sharing to be useful, although 

more frequent sharing could occur.

CHALLENGES OF USING ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMRS) TO COLLECT AND 

SHARE DATA

Protection of private patient information is a major consideration in the implementation of the 

Cardiff Model. The Cardiff Model shares information that captures an injury location, date and 

time, and the weapon used. The model uses real-time hospital and law enforcement data to help 

communities identify and map areas where violence frequently occurs such as in public spaces 

like street corners or bus stops and businesses. 

In some hospitals or healthcare facilities, using the EMR or other forms of a patient medical 

record to collect data that will be shared outside of the institution may raise privacy concerns. 

These concerns are addressed in the "Legal, Technical, and Financial Considerations" document.
TOOLKIT: HOSPITAL GUIDANCE 7

KEY STEPS TO ESTABLISHING THE CARDIFF MODEL IN YOUR HOSPITAL:

1. BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS

a. Establish a violence prevention partnership with local law 

enforcement, a public health agency, and other applicable partners

b. Determine the most useful injury information for the local partnership 

to collect, with a focus on keeping information collection brief. It is 

important to weigh the advantages of including the information that 

stakeholders might like to have against the consequences of making 

the screening process too long. It is best to focus on the information 

that is most critical. 

c. Gain hospital leadership (e.g. management and nursing) and support

2. COLLECTING AND SHARING DATA

a. Identify the personnel or departments with the capacity to integrate 

Cardiff Model fields in the health record or EMR

b. Establish procedures for collecting injury information

c. Train nurses and other staff to collect injury information

d. Determine strategies to monitor and improve data quality 

e. Find out what laws and regulations must be considered in order to 

collect and share violence information outside of the hospital or 

healthcare system

f. Establish procedures for extracting and sharing injury information

g. Identify hospital information technology/data quality team to set up a 

data sharing process

h. If necessary, develop and sign a shared data use agreement to protect 

the information that is shared

3. BUILDING A COMMUNITY SAFETY PARTNERSHIP

a. Work with law enforcement and public health partners to establish a 

broader community board to review the maps on violent injury

b. Help to develop a culture of decision-making based on real-time data

c. Assist in implementing multi-agency prevention programs and 

initiatives at locations identified in the mapping of the data
TOOLKIT: HOSPITAL GUIDANCE 8

TRAINING OPTIONS FOR HOSPITAL STAFF

Training can be delivered in many different formats. Below are some of the advantages and 

challenges with different training formats. The U.S. Cardiff Model pilot sites tested multiple 

methods of training; in-person training is most helpful for rapid scale-up and close adherence to 

the model when starting a new Cardiff Model program.

FORMAT DELIVERY 

METHOD ADVANTAGES CHALLENGES

Self-study E-mail, online, 

paper

Easy and does not require 

significant personnel time 

or effort, can be integrated 

into standard staff training 

and education platforms

Difficult to evaluate the 

extent and efficacy of 

training process

Staff In-service Large group 

instruction

Face-to-face, provides the 

opportunity to ask questions

Requires on-site trainer until 

all staff have completed 

training; in-services may 

be infrequent and slow the 

initiation of project activities; 

training may not reach new 

staff

Regular staff 

or shift change 

meeting

Small group 

instruction

Face-to-face, provides the 

opportunity to ask questions

Requires trainer or project 

champion on shift until 

everyone is trained and in 

continuation to educate new 

staff

One-on-one 

training

Individual Face-to-face, opportunity to 

ask questions, able to assess 

knowledge

Requires on-site trainer; 

resource intensive
LAW ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE

9

WHAT IS THE CARDIFF VIOLENCE

PREVENTION MODEL? 

More than half of violent crime in the United States is 

not reported to law enforcement, according to the U.S. 

Department of Justice. That means cities and communities 

lack a complete understanding of where violence occurs, 

which limits the ability to develop successful solutions.

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for 

communities to gain a clearer picture about where violence 

is occurring by combining and mapping both hospital and 

police data on violence. But more than just an approach to 

map and understand violence, the Cardiff Model provides a 

straightforward framework for hospitals, law enforcement 

agencies, public health agencies, community groups, and 

others interested in violence prevention to work together 

and develop collaborative violence prevention strategies.
TOOLKIT: LAW ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE 10

WHY IS HOSPITAL INJURY INFORMATION IMPORTANT FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT?

According to a 2016 U.S. Department of Justice report, many crimes go unreported to law 

enforcement, including:

• 53% of violent crime in 2015.

• 58% of simple assaults in 2015.

• 43% of violent crime involving an injury in 2015.

Hospitals treat individuals who are injured in violence incidents. If the time, date, and location 

of violent incidents are captured through the Cardiff Model, a community can develop a greater 

understanding of how and when violence is occurring. Mapping areas of where violence occurs 

from hospital and police information (known as hotspot mapping) is critical to understanding 

and developing violence prevention programs and strategies within the community. The 

Cardiff Model is not intended to be used to investigate individual cases but rather improve 

understanding of geographic patterns of violence in the community.

HOW DOES LAW ENFORCEMENT PARTICIPATE IN THE CARDIFF MODEL?

Law enforcement and area hospitals form a local community safety partnership where data are 

shared. This information includes:

• When the injuries occurred (date and time)

• Where the injuries took place (business name and/or street address)

• How the injuries happened and/or weapons used (e.g. hit, stabbed with a knife)

No other personal information (i.e., name, date of birth, social security number) is collected, 

shared, or used. 

WHAT IS LAW ENFORCEMENT’S ROLE IN THE COMMUNITY SAFETY PARTNERSHIP?

Through the community safety partnership (CSP), law enforcement works hand-in-hand with the 

hospital and public health agency partner (at a minimum) to identify potentially new and existing 

violent injury hotspots. After identifying injury hotspots, the CSP develops innovative ways to 

address the specific hotspot needs.

In addition, law enforcement has historical knowledge of what type of prevention programming and 

current efforts have been directed in these areas. These critical elements will help guide CSP efforts 

and complement (not duplicate or interfere with) previous or ongoing work. The new maps may also 

be used to guide ongoing law enforcement violence prevention activities and patrol patterns.
TOOLKIT: LAW ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE 11

HOW OFTEN DOES VIOLENCE INFORMATION GET SHARED?

Violence information can be shared on any mutually agreeable timeframe within the CSP.

Past partnerships have found monthly sharing to be useful, although more frequent 

sharing could occur.

IN ACTION

THE CARDIFF MODEL For example, in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, the Violence Prevention 

Board (local name of the CSP) identified many violent assaults occurring 

in particular streets in the city’s main entertainment district. After 

investigating this area, the Board realized that these assaults were largely 

due to alcohol-intoxicated individuals bumping into each other on the 

sidewalks after a night of drinking, resulting in fights breaking out. This 

risk was made worse by such people rapidly becoming frustrated while 

waiting to be served at fast food outlets and for taxis. The Board worked 

with the city to make the streets more pedestrian friendly, move taxi 

stands, and appoint taxi marshals (capable guardians), which helped 

decrease violent assaults in the area.
TOOLKIT: LAW ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE 12

KEY STEPS TO STARTING THE CARDIFF MODEL IN MY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY:

1. RELATIONSHIP BUILDING

a. Establish a violence prevention partnership with the local hospital and public 

health agency

b. In collaboration with hospital partner, determine most useful injury information 

to collect and map

2. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY BUY-IN AND SUPPORT

a. Obtain law enforcement leadership buy-in and support

b. Obtain permissions for sharing crime incident data with partners

c. Provide support as need to assist public health agency or relevant partner in 

producing hotspot maps

3. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL PROCESSES

a. Identify a lead point of contact for collecting law enforcement data

b. Establish procedures for sharing data and maps

4. INJURY INFORMATION AND MAP SHARING

a. Establish procedures for sharing injury information and maps

b. If necessary, develop and sign a shared data use agreement with the partners

5. COMMUNITY SAFETY PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES*

a. Work with hospital and other partners to establish a broader community board to 

review the maps on violent injury

b. Help to develop a culture of decision-making based on real-time data

c. Assist in implementing multi-agency prevention programs and initiatives at 

locations identified in the mapping of the data

*

Please see the "Building Partnerships" document for more information on how injury information is used within the 

partnership, relationships are expanded, and violence prevention programs are implemented.
LEGAL, TECHNICAL,

AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

13

WHAT IS THE CARDIFF VIOLENCE

PREVENTION MODEL? 

More than half of violent crime (53%) in the United States 

(U.S.) is not reported to law enforcement according to the 

Department of Justice. Violence is a serious public health 

problem that affects people of all ages. This means that 

communities lack a complete understanding of where violence 

occurs and how to develop tailored programs for prevention.

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for 

communities to gain more information about where violence 

is occurring and how to prevent it by forming partnerships 

between hospitals, law enforcement, and others interested 

in violence prevention. These partnerships can help guide 

coordinated responses and violence prevention strategies.
TOOLKIT: LEGAL, TECHNICAL, AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS 14

Because the model requires that information about the context of violence-related injuries is 

shared, there are many legal, technical, and financial considerations that may be important in 

planning and maintaining a local community safety partnership. These considerations should be 

addressed before any program activities begin or early in implementation.

The Cardiff Model is intended to be implemented as a local public health program. Consequently, 

variation in the data elements collected and the partners involved in data sharing is likely to exist 

based on local prevention needs. The information below is intended to help clarify issues that are 

likely to arise about the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules when the data sharing involves HIPAA 

"covered entities,"1 such as hospitals or other health care providers, or their "business associates."2

DATA SHARING MECHANISM AND HIPAA APPLICABILITY

CARDIFF MODEL PARTNERSHIPS INVOLVING PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITIES

The core data elements to be collected under the Cardiff Model include: 1) location of the violent 

incident, 2) date/time of the violent incident, and 3) mechanism of injury. Additional data elements 

may also be collected and shared based on the public health needs of the local partnership. Certain 

data elements may be individually identifiable, and thus considered "protected health information" 

under HIPAA, when created, received, maintained, or transmitted by a HIPAA covered health care 

provider.3 We anticipate under this model that some health care providers subject to HIPAA may be 

sharing these data elements with state or local health departments and agencies, which typically 

meet the HIPAA definition of a "public health authority." 

The HIPAA Rules define "public health authority" as "[A]n agency or authority of the United States, a 

State, a territory, a political subdivision of a State or territory, or an Indian tribe, or a person or entity 

acting under a delegation of authority from or contract with such public agency, including the 

employees or agents of such public agency or its contractors or persons or entities to whom it has 

granted authority, that is responsible for public health matters as part of its official mandate."4

HIPAA permits a covered entity, such as a health care provider, to disclose protected health 

information to a public health authority for the purpose of preventing or controlling disease, 

injury, or disability, including but not limited to, for public health surveillance, investigations, and 

interventions for injury prevention. Authorization is not needed from the individual to whom the 

protected information pertains, and a covered provider is not required to establish a data sharing 

agreement to disclose "protected health information" to the authorized public health authority for 

public health purposes.5 However, a disclosure to a public health authority must be the "minimum 

necessary" information to achieve the public health objective, and a covered entity may rely on the 

representation of the public health authority to determine what constitutes the minimum necessary.6

1. 45 C.F.R. § 160.102.

2. See 45 C.F.R. § 160.103. A "business associate" is a person or entity who performs functions or activities on behalf of a covered entity that involve access 

by the business associate to protected health information. A "business associate" also is a subcontractor that creates, receives, maintains, or transmits 

protected health information on behalf of another business associate. See also https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/covered-entities/samplebusiness-associate-agreement-provisions/index.html.

3. See 45 CFR § 160.103.

4. 45 CFR § 164.501

5. See 45 CFR § 512(b) and OCR’s Public Health guidance, https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/special-topics/public-health/index.html.

6. See 45 CFR § 164.502(b). If the disclosure is required by law, the HIPAA covered provider may disclose the amount of information required; if the 

disclosure is not required by law, the amount of information disclosed must be the minimum necessary to accomplish the public health purpose. HIPAA 

covered entities may rely on representations from public health officials that the amount of information requested is the minimum necessary. See 

https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/minimum-necessary-requirement/index.html.
TOOLKIT: LEGAL, TECHNICAL, AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS 15

Public health agencies may join with other organizations to form initiatives or coalitions to achieve 

violence reduction, for example, by targeting interventions and resources to specific populations or 

geographic areas. In fact, standards7 for national voluntary accreditation of state, local, tribal, and 

territorial health departments envision health departments that lead collaborative efforts to assess 

and address public health issues facing the community.

In a public health initiative, a public health agency can delegate authority to multiple types of 

organizations to carry out its official public health mandate. When an organization is acting under 

such a delegation from a public health authority, a HIPAA covered provider, such as a hospital, may 

disclose protected health information without patient authorization to the organization in the same 

manner as it could disclose to a public health authority.8 

Each local collaborative will need to determine which entities will carry out the data-handling 

functions and determine how HIPAA applies. For example, a hospital may collect the data and 

disclose it to a third party for the purpose of removing unnecessary identifiers before disclosing the 

information to the public health authority. In this case, the third party would be acting as a business 

associate for the hospital with a business associate agreement. The business associate agreement 

would specify the activities the third party is doing on behalf of the covered provider.9 In another 

example, the covered provider may disclose the data directly to the public health authority, which 

may then format it and aggregate the data with other information, such as law enforcement data. 

A disclosure from covered provider to public health authority for public health activities would not 

require a business associate agreement or consent. 

In a Cardiff Model public health partnership, collaborating organizations may use the data received from 

the public health authorities or organizations acting under a delegation of authority to create maps for 

the partnership or to develop local violence prevention solutions. Local public health agencies should 

ensure compliance with applicable local and state laws in addition to HIPAA, where applicable. 

CARDIFF MODEL PARTNERSHIPS WITHOUT INVOLVEMENT

OF A PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

It is possible that some communities wishing to implement the Cardiff Model may not have a public 

health authority able to engage in the collaboration. In these scenarios, hospitals, law enforcement 

agencies, and other municipal and community partners could seek to form partnerships; however, 

the nature and function of these partnerships may be more limited than when a public health 

authority is involved. For example, a HIPAA covered entity, such as a hospital, may share information 

with a third party acting as a business associate for the hospital pursuant to a business associate 

agreement. If specified in the business associate agreement, the business associate could 

perform data analysis, mapping, or data processing functions on behalf of the hospital; however, all 

functions performed by the business associate must be consistent with the terms set forth in the 

business associate agreement. Business associates who use the data or disclose the data to third 

parties must comply with the terms of the business associate agreement and all applicable HIPAA 

requirements, including those related to data aggregation and de-identification as applicable.10 

 7. Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Standards & Measures for Domain 1: Conduct and Disseminate Assessments Focused on Population Health 

Status and Public Health Issues Facing the Community, and Domain 4: Engage with the community to identify and address health problems, available 

at http://www.phaboard.org/wp-content/uploads/SM-Version-1.5-Board-adopted-FINAL-01-24-2014.docx.pdf. 

 8. See 45 CFR § 164.501, definition of Public health authority; and 45 CFR § 164.514(h), verification requirements.

 9. See 45 CFR § 164.502(e); 45 CFR § 504(e)

10. See 45 CFR § 164.502, 164.514(a) and (b), and 164.501 (definition of data aggregation).
TOOLKIT: LEGAL, TECHNICAL, AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS 16

PUBLIC PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION FROM CARDIFF MODEL PARTNERSHIPS 

Lastly, the Cardiff Model program may raise questions about what injury incident data can be shared, 

presented, or discussed with the public. For example, Cardiff Model partnerships in other countries 

have benefitted from presenting maps at community forums or among a broad set of municipal 

partners. Health care providers that provide data for this program may have concerns about 

disclosing information that may ultimately be shared publicly. To allay these concerns, maps showing 

the locations of violent incidents occurring in public or commercial spaces and treated at a hospital 

may be presented by aggregating incident information over time such that the information could not 

be used to identify an individual. An example map is presented below. The minimum time period for 

aggregation should be one month. Summary descriptive information, such as listing the businesses 

experiencing the highest counts of violent injuries in a city, can also be presented.

TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The Cardiff Model does not require any specific technologies for implementation. Efficient capturing, 

comparing, and mapping of violent incidents can be done with minimal technological inputs or 

advanced technological support. However, there are several components of the Cardiff Model that 

require consideration of current and future technological capacity.

11. See 45 CFR § 164.502(b). 

EXAMPLE MAP OF INCIDENTS COLLECTED BY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
TOOLKIT: LEGAL, TECHNICAL, AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS 17

COLLECTING INFORMATION

Collecting injury information can be 

accomplished through separate data forms 

or integrated into a hospital’s existing 

electronic medical record (EMR) system. 

Integration of injury information into the EMR 

is the most efficient process for collecting 

and extracting data.

CLEANING INFORMATION

Once collected, injury information needs to 

be retrieved from the EMR and/or organized.

Before a HIPAA covered entity can share 

this information, it needs to be reviewed 

and cleaned to ensure it does not contain 

more than the necessary data elements for 

the purposes of the project (most patient 

identifiable information will be excluded)11

and that the information is entered in the 

correct data fields. This is also a good time 

to consider how to benchmark the extent and 

quality of the information that is collected.

SHARING INFORMATION

The technical requirements for sharing 

information will depend on the data 

sharing agreement established by the local 

partnership. Important considerations include 

the data format (i.e. structure and file type), 

the security of data transfers, frequency of 

data transfers, and potential for computerautomated sharing.

MAPPING

Mapping areas of violence (known as "hotspots" by 

law enforcement) can be accomplished by using 

a range of technologies. Partnerships may have 

the capacity to use advanced mapping processes 

to create maps. There are also a range of mapping 

resources, including free and open source 

software, such as R or QGis, for producing maps 

and managing geospatial data. 

SECURING INFORMATION

Any electronic protected health information 

created, received, maintained or transmitted 

by a HIPAA covered entity or its business 

associate must be used or disclosed consistent 

with the HIPAA Security Rule.12 Participating 

organizations that are not subject to HIPAA 

should also consider the use of protective 

mechanisms such as data encryption or other 

forms of web-based data transfer security for 

data sharing.

MONITORING AND EVALUATING

Regular monitoring and evaluation of the data 

collection system is important, especially during 

the early stages of implementation. Collaborating 

institutions should consider the technological 

inputs required to ensure that the injury 

information collected from the health system 

and law enforcement agencies is as accurate and 

complete as possible, and to monitor the changes 

that occur as the program progresses.

FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS 

Initiation and maintenance of the Cardiff Model may be based on volunteer effort or supported 

through municipal, foundation, or federal/state grants. However, the Cardiff Model can be feasibly 

implemented without external funding (e.g., grants) if there is institutional support for dedicating 

staff time to work on the initiative, as staff time is the major input. Small amounts of funding to 

support data collection, data collection system development, and incentives to support program 

activities are helpful. Cost-benefit analyses reveal that the model saves approximately $25 in 

criminal justice costs and $19 in health system costs for every $1 spent.13 Potential costs to 

bear in mind include:

12. 45 CFR § 164.302.

13. Florence, Curtis, et al. "An economic evaluation of anonymised information sharing in a partnership between health services, police and local 

government for preventing violence-related injury." Injury prevention 20.2 (2014): 108-114
TOOLKIT: LEGAL, TECHNICAL, AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS 18

PERSONNEL

What financial or other compensation

(if any) are required to:

• Develop and sustain the community

safety partnership 

• Refine the information collection system 

(e.g., hospital IT staff time if integrated 

into an electronic medical record)

• Collect information

• Conduct trainings and promote the 

program among staff and within the 

community 

• Clean, transfer, and map data 

• Attend partnership meetings and other 

program activities

• Develop and implement violence 

prevention interventions 

• Write and apply for grants

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Will there be additional costs to:

• Collect, store, and manage violencerelated injury information data

• Program data collection fields into 

an electronic medical record or other 

parallel database

• Create and maintain a process for data 

to be secured and securely shared

» Manual

» Automated

• Procure mapping software

PARTNERSHIP FACILITATION

Who pays and what will be the costs for:

• Partnership meetings

• Partnership materials (i.e. program 

promotion, local branding)

• Public events

PROGRAM EVALUATION

What support is required for the 

monitoring and evaluation of:

• Program Effectiveness

How will the evaluation of process or 

outcome effectiveness of a local program 

be supported?

• Cost-benefits

How will the evaluation of cost savings 

associated with local prevention of violence 

and violent injuries relative to program 

inputs be supported?
BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS

19

WHAT IS THE CARDIFF VIOLENCE

PREVENTION MODEL? 

More than half of violent crime in the United States is 

not reported to law enforcement, according to the U.S. 

Department of Justice. That means cities and communities 

lack a complete understanding of where violence occurs, 

which limits the ability to develop successful solutions.

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for 

communities to gain a clearer picture about where violence 

is occurring by combining and mapping both hospital and 

police data on violence. But more than just an approach to 

map and understand violence, the Cardiff Model provides a 

straightforward framework for hospitals, law enforcement 

agencies, public health agencies, community groups, and 

others interested in violence prevention to work together 

and develop collaborative violence prevention strategies.
TOOLKIT: BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS 20

WHO NEEDS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE CARDIFF MODEL TO 

CREATE A COMMUNITY SAFETY PARTNERSHIP (CSP)?*

Strong Cardiff Model Community Safety Partnerships will 

likely involve, at minimum, public health agencies, hospitals, 

and law enforcement organizations. Based on where maps 

are showing that violence is occurring, the CSP may bring in 

other government agencies and community organizations to 

partner on violence prevention programs and activities.

It is important to have designated hospital, public health, 

and law enforcement representatives, and multiple 

individuals if possible from each agency, participating in 

the CSP. Key hospital members may include emergency 

department physicians, charge nurses, or senior trauma 

staff. Key law enforcement individuals may include senior 

officers who report directly to command staff, those within 

leadership positions, and those who produce or assist in 

producing maps of where violence occurs, (referred to as 

"hotspot" maps in the law enforcement community). 

Partnership members are best 

guided by which locations the 

hospital and law enforcement 

maps reveal as areas of 

the greatest violence and 

partnering with agencies or 

organizations that serve those 

areas. Cardiff Model Potential 

Partnership Members may 

include:

• Hospitals

• Law Enforcement 

Agencies

• Public Health 

Department

• City Planning/Zoning 

Officials

• Mayor’s Office

• Faith Based 

Organizations

• Business Associations

• Other Community 

Organizations

WHY IS A MULTI-AGENCY CSP IMPORTANT FOR VIOLENCE PREVENTION?

Multi-agency CSPs provide an opportunity to (1) frame violence prevention as a law enforcement 

strategy to reduce crime and (2) address violence prevention using a public health approach. The 

public health approach† encourages violence prevention at a population level to provide data and 

interventions with the maximum benefit for the largest number of people.

For example, in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, the Violence Prevention Board (local name of the 

CSP) identified many violent assaults occurring in particular streets in the city’s main entertainment 

district. After investigating, the Board realized these assaults were largely due to alcohol-intoxicated 

individuals bumping into each other on the sidewalks after a night of drinking, resulting in fights. This 

risk was made worse by people becoming frustrated while waiting to be served at fast food outlets and 

for taxis. The Board worked with the city to make streets more pedestrian friendly, move taxi stands, 

and appoint taxi marshals (capable guardians), which helped decrease violent assaults in the area.

"Community Safety Partnership" is not intended to be prescriptive; local communities are encouraged to adopt a name, if they so choose, to represent 

their local collaboration.

For more information about the public health approach please visit https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/overview/publichealthapproach.html

*

†
TOOLKIT: BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS 21

KEY STEPS TO STARTING THE CARDIFF MODEL CSP IN MY COMMUNITY:

1. RELATIONSHIP BUILDING

a. Establish a CSP between law enforcement and local 

hospitals and a public health agency

b. Determine the most useful injury information (time, date, 

and location are critical elements) for the CSP

c. Establish regular intervals (e.g. monthly) for the CSP to meet 

and discuss violence information, maps identifying areas 

of violence, and other relevant issues. In-person meetings 

focused on violence prevention are a great way to build 

relationships between individuals and the organizations 

they represent.

• Face-to-face meetings are important to develop relationships 

within the partnership, although phone meetings may sometimes 

be more convenient

• CSPs are also encouraged to have opportunities for informal 

meeting settings such as over breakfast/lunch/coffee or having a 

meeting followed by some time for socializing

2. HOSPITAL BUY-IN AND SUPPORT (SEE "HOSPITAL GUIDANCE" 

FACT SHEET)

a. Obtain hospital (emergency department/trauma) leadership 

buy-in and support

b. Obtain permissions for collecting and sharing injury 

information

c. Navigate HIPAA and privacy rules (see "Legal, Technical, and 

Financial Considerations" fact sheet)

3. LAW ENFORCEMENT BUY-IN AND SUPPORT (SEE "LAW 

ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE" FACT SHEET)

a. Obtain law enforcement leadership buy-in and support

b. Obtain permissions for sharing law enforcement data with 

mapping partner

4. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL PROCESSES

a. Identify, establish procedures, and train hospital staff to 

collect violence information

b. Identify partner performing the mapping of combined 

data (likely public health agency) and establish technical 

procedures

5. VIOLENCE INFORMATION AND MAP SHARING

a. Identify hospital information technology/data quality team 

to set up data sharing

b. Establish procedures for sharing violence information and 

maps

c. If necessary, develop and sign a shared data use agreement

6. INJURY PREVENTION INTERVENTION IDENTIFICATION, 

PLANNING, AND EXECUTION

a. Review hospital violence and law enforcement information 

combined maps identifying areas of violence

b. Identify an area or areas that the CSP would like to examine 

more closely to plan violence prevention activities

c. Examine the types of violence occurring in the areas and 

consider all aspects of the area, such as: geographic area 

features (roads/intersections, lighting, transportation 

options, etc.), businesses (bars, clubs, restaurants, lounges, 

gas stations, etc.), and other factors that may contribute to 

violence and injury

d. Recruit appropriate partners to the CSP based on the 

patterns of violence (e.g. other government agencies 

such as alcohol licensing or code enforcement; business 

associations; or community leaders)

e. Identify and review any existing evidence-based strategies 

that could be appropriate for this area (e.g. address risk 

and/or protective factors that are particularly relevant to 

the community or make use of unique opportunities in the 

community)

• Evidence-based strategies used in other communities, 

including the U.K. serve as important resources to help guide 

implementation of violence prevention interventions

• CDC’s Division of Violence Prevention has several technical 

packages on different topics (e.g. Child Abuse and Neglect, Sexual 

Violence, Youth Violence, Suicide) that may serve as a resource 

for identifying strategies that are based on the best available 

evidence. Available here: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/

pub/technical-packages.html 

f. The partnership should determine next steps which may 

include: reviewing crime report narratives, visiting the area, 

examining the types of violence and injuries, talking with 

business/community leaders to see if they are willing to 

work with the CSP, and any other ideas that are driven by the 

maps.

g. Cardiff Model interventions have included strategies at 

multiple levels:

• Policy: Switching to toughened glass in bars and enforcing 

alcohol-related ordinances

• Community: Repairing the appearance of buildings and vacant 

lots to improve lighting and visibility, increasing police patrols 

in high-violence areas, and creating more pedestrian-friendly 

streets

• Individuals: Developing programs where "capable guardians," 

such as clergy, assist at-risk individuals
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

AND MEDIA RELATIONS

22

WHAT IS THE CARDIFF VIOLENCE

PREVENTION MODEL? 

More than half of violent crime in the United States is 

not reported to law enforcement, according to the U.S. 

Department of Justice. That means cities and communities 

lack a complete understanding of where violence occurs, 

which limits the ability to develop successful solutions.

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for 

communities to gain a clearer picture about where violence 

is occurring by combining and mapping both hospital and 

police data on violence. But more than just an approach to 

map and understand violence, the Cardiff Model provides a 

straightforward framework for hospitals, law enforcement 

agencies, public health agencies, community groups, and 

others interested in violence prevention to work together 

and develop collaborative violence prevention strategies.
TOOLKIT: EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RELATIONS 23

The greatest benefit to implementing a Cardiff Model 

communications plan is to ensure transparency and trust with 

local communities. The Cardiff Model is intended to benefit the 

community. The Community Safety Partnership (CSP) should 

designate a centralized point of contact to serve as the lead on all 

communications and media. This person should: 

• Take the lead on developing a communications and media 

strategy for the partnership, 

• Draft communications materials, 

• Provide expert guidance on strategic communications 

and develop decision-making processes for reviewing 

communications materials under consideration by CSP 

members, and 

• Coordinate with media relations staff who serve within the 

collaborating members’ individual organizations, as needed. 

Planning for communications and media should be done 

collectively and in tandem with all other project planning, and may 

include some or all of the following activities:

• Communications Strategy & Plan

• Goals and SMART Objectives 

• Audience Analysis 

• Risk Communication Plan

• Communication Channels

• Budget: Financial resources, human resources, and

in-kind resources

• Products and Activities: A work plan, including a time-line, 

is recommended to streamline needed inputs and desired 

outputs, roles and responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation

MEDIA ENGAGEMENT AND STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT

Information about the project should be prepared by the media lead regardless of whether 

the CSP intends to engage the media. The information should include the development of 

talking points about the project (frequently asked questions, history of the Cardiff Model, 

information about the local CSP collaboration), a general timeline for project implementation, 

a list of the organizations that are collaborating together and other relevant public information.

Collaborators will need to review and approve all documents prior to dissemination.

SMART

ARE:

OBJECTIVES

SPECIFIC

Concrete, detailed, and

well defined so that you 

know where you are 

going and what to expect 

when you arrive

MEASUREABLE

Numbers and quantities 

provide means of 

measurement and 

comparison

ACHIEVABLE

Feasible and easy to 

put into action

REALISTIC

Considers constraints 

such as resources, 

personnel, cost, and time 

frame

TIME-BOUND

A time frame helps to set 

boundaries around the 

objective
TOOLKIT: EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RELATIONS 24

SAMPLE: CARDIFF MODEL PRESS RELEASE

JANUARY 18, 2017 – Violence is a serious 

public health problem that affects people of all 

ages, but according to the U.S. Department of 

Justice, more than half of violent crime (53 

percent) in the United States is unreported to 

law enforcement. Therefore, communities lack 

a complete understanding of where violence 

occurs and how to develop tailored prevention 

programs. The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model 

(Cardiff Model), developed by surgeon and 

Professor Jonathan Shepherd, M.D., of Cardiff 

University in the United Kingdom, provides a 

way for communities to gain more complete 

information as to where violence occurs and 

how to prevent it by forming partnerships 

between hospitals and law enforcement and 

others interested in violence prevention. Grady 

Memorial Hospital and DeKalb County Police 

Department have created a local Cardiff Model 

partnership.

The partnership, known locally as the United 

States Injury Prevention Partnership or 

USIPP, has worked since June 2015 to collect 

anonymous information on the location 

and timing of violent events and use that 

information with existing law enforcement 

records to create local maps of where violence 

occurs. Local maps have identified that the 

southern region of DeKalb County has a higher 

number of assaults and crimes than other 

areas of DeKalb County. This information and 

predictive analysis enhances law enforcement 

efforts and helps guide environmental 

improvements that can reduce crime, such 

as building repairs, safety improvements, 

and other USIPP-led ideas. Currently, USIPP is 

partnering with DeKalb Police Department’s 

South Precinct and business group to develop 

public health strategies and environmental 

approaches to address violence and crime in 

the area.

The DeKalb County Police Department works 

with area businesses to improve public safety 

and seek new opportunities to prevent crime 

in DeKalb County. "We welcome community 

involvement and partnerships to enhance 

the quality of life for the residents of DeKalb 

County," said DeKalb County Police Chief 

J.W. Conroy. "We are always looking for new 

and innovative ways to identify and reduce 

crime." USIPP’s support and community 

engagement have strengthened the interest of 

businesses to prevent crime by improving their 

properties using evidence-based environmental 

approaches such as property beautification and 

increased security measures.

Daniel Wu, M.D., associate professor of 

emergency medicine at Emory School of 

Medicine, says, "The opportunity to work with 

DeKalb County Police Department allows 

the hospital [Grady Memorial Hospital] to 

prevent violence before it enters our doors. 

We are committed to improving the health 

of our communities by making them safer 

through innovative programs like the Cardiff 

Model and partnerships like ours with DeKalb 

County Police Department." 

USIPP also has been working closely with the 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 

(CDC) Division of Violence Prevention, which has 

provided technical assistance and support for 

adapting the Cardiff Model to the United States 

and selecting public health approaches for 

violence prevention.

Preventing violence and making communities 

safer are key USIPP goals. DeKalb County Police 

Department and Grady Memorial Hospital 

hope to engage with more community groups, 

public health agencies, local governments, 

and others interested in violence prevention 

to scale up and sustain implementation of the 

Cardiff Model in the Atlanta metropolitan area. 

South DeKalb County businesses interested in 

learning more about how the local Cardiff model 

partnership could benefit their business and 

communities are welcome to attend the next 

business group meeting, scheduled for Feb. 22, 

2017, from 10:00–11:00a.m. ET at South DeKalb 

County Police Precinct, 2842 H F Shepard 

Drive, Decatur, GA 30024.
TOOLKIT: READINESS CHECKLIST 25

READINESS CHECKLIST

WHAT IS THE CARDIFF VIOLENCE PREVENTION MODEL? 

More than half of violent crime in the United States is not reported to law enforcement, according to the 

U.S. Department of Justice. That means cities and communities lack a complete understanding of where 

violence occurs, which limits the ability to develop successful solutions.

The Cardiff Violence Prevention Model provides a way for communities to gain a clearer picture about 

where violence is occurring by combining and mapping both hospital and police data on violence. 

But more than just an approach to map and understand violence, the Cardiff Model provides a 

straightforward framework for hospitals, law enforcement agencies, public health agencies, community 

groups, and others interested in violence prevention to work together and develop collaborative violence 

prevention strategies.

Below are a list of key steps and a checklist to determine the community’s readiness to adopt the Cardiff Model. The organization 

leading the Community Safety Partnership (CSP) can vary (e.g. law enforcement, hospital, university, health department). It is 

critical to have an individual within the organization who can assume a leadership role in convening and organizing the group. 

For each topic below, a task is outlined along with identifying the readiness level. There is space to write in next steps and identify 

a target completion date. This Readiness Checklist is intended to identify high-level tasks and establish due dates. Please note that 

each task may have several sub-tasks that must be completed to achieve the task listed on this checklist, and note that this list is 

not exhaustive. For example, under "Establish a CSP," this task may include (1) reaching out to area partners (area hospitals, area 

law enforcement agencies), (2) convening a conference call or in-person meeting to discuss the Cardiff Model and forming a CSP, 

and (3) talking internally within each organization to ensure that each organization is interested in joining the CSP and engaging in 

local violence prevention activities.
TOOLKIT: READINESS CHECKLIST 26

TOPIC: COMMUNITY SAFETY PARTNERSHIP READINESS

TASK READINESS

LEVEL NEXT STEPS

TARGET 

COMPLETION 

DATE

Establish a Community Safety 

Partnership (CSP). Key partners should 

include law enforcement, a public health 

agency, and hospital(s), and other key 

partners may include other government 

agencies, universities, and other local 

community organizations

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Establish where, when, and how often the 

CSP will meet

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Determine most useful violence 

information to be collected. Critical 

information includes: time, date, 

weapon used, and location of injury; 

other information may also be useful to 

address specific needs

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED
TOOLKIT: READINESS CHECKLIST 27

TOPIC: HOSPITAL READINESS

TASK READINESS

LEVEL NEXT STEPS

TARGET 

COMPLETION 

DATE

Work with hospital leadership to obtain buy-in and support, especially among 

these groups:

• Emergency Department – Physicians

• Emergency Department – Nurses

• Trauma Department (if applicable)

HAVE NOT STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Determine who is able to regularly attend CSP meetings as a hospital 

representative (may be more than one individual)

HAVE NOT STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Establish process with appropriate hospital staff to determine ability to 

integrate Cardiff Model injury information into the electronic medical record 

(EMR) or planned record-keeping system

HAVE NOT STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Work with hospital departments to (1) integrate the injury information 

data collection fields into the EMR/record-keeping system, (2) identify and 

train appropriate hospital staff to collect violence information (e.g. nurses, 

registrars), and (3) extract violence information at regular intervals – 

established by the partnership – and share with an appropriate partner so 

they can combine data and create maps to share with the community safety 

partnership

HAVE NOT STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Develop a communication plan for the hospital, which may include:

• identifying a communication lead

• developing internal communication materials

• developing external communication materials

HAVE NOT STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED
TOOLKIT: READINESS CHECKLIST 28

TOPIC: LAW ENFORCEMENT READINESS

TASK READINESS

LEVEL NEXT STEPS

TARGET 

COMPLETION 

DATE

Work with law enforcement contacts to obtain buyin, especially from:

• Command Staff/Leadership

• Analysts

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Determine who is able to regularly attend (CSP) 

meetings as a law enforcement representative 

(may be more than one individual)

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Identify a process for information sharing and 

mapping, this may include:

• Receiving hospital violence information

• Combining violence information with law 

enforcement records

• Creating maps with hospital violence 

information and law enforcement records

• Sharing maps with the CSP

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED
TOOLKIT: READINESS CHECKLIST 29

TOPIC: FINANCIAL, LEGAL, AND TECHNICAL READINESS

TASK READINESS

LEVEL NEXT STEPS

TARGET 

COMPLETION 

DATE

Identify legal and regulatory 

considerations including institutional 

review boards or institutional legal 

departments

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Determine how data are shared and kept 

secure (see note)

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

Determine costs and whether these 

can be supported internally or identify 

funding mechanisms

HAVE NOT 

STARTED

IN PROGRESS

COMPLETED

NOTE: Sharing injury information from hospital records in accordance with the local legal and regulatory environment may require 

collaboration with the local or state public health department.

LEARN MORE about the Cardiff Model and how to start using it in your community’s violence 

prevention efforts at www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/fundedprograms/cardiffmodel

This material was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The pilot of the Cardiff Violence Prevention Model was a collaboration 

between the CDC, DeKalb County Police Department, Grady Health System, the University of Pennsylvania, and the CDC Foundation. Support for this pilot was 

provided by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.