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Tuberculosis (TB)


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2019 State and City TB Report										Related Pages
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			OverviewFigure: Percent of Contacts with Newly Diagnosed LTBI Who Began TreatmentFigure: Percent of Contacts with Newly Diagnosed LTBI Who Completed TreatmentFootnotes
		
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Treatment for Latent TB Infection
When a person with infectious TB coughs (sings or talks), droplet nuclei containing *M. tuberculosis* are expelled into the air. If another person inhales air containing these droplet nuclei, he or she might become infected. However, not everyone infected with TB bacteria develops symptoms of TB. As a result, two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease.
2019 State and City ReportFigure 11: Percentage of Contacts (to Sputum Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear-Positive TB Patients) Newly Diagnosed with Latent TB Infection Who Began Treatment, United States, 2018
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Close2019 State and City ReportFigure 11: Percentage of Contacts (to Sputum Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear-Positive TB Patients) Newly Diagnosed with Latent TB Infection Who Began Treatment, United States, 2018
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Persons with LTBI do not feel sick and do not have any symptoms. They are infected with *M. tuberculosis*, but do not have TB disease at that time. The only sign of LTBI is a positive reaction to a TB skin test or TB blood test. Persons with LTBI are not infectious and cannot spread TB to others.  However, at some point in their lives, 5–10% of all people with normal immune systems who have LTBI will become sick with TB disease. As previously described, the chances of progression from LTBI to TB disease are higher for persons with weakened immune systems, such as those infected with HIV. LTBI can be treated to prevent the risk of progression to TB disease. Thus, it is important, in terms of accelerating the decline in TB incidence, to measure how many people with LTBI are identified through targeted testing, begin treatment, and complete treatment.
TB programs work to identify persons who are at high risk for LTBI or at high risk for developing TB disease once infected so that they can offer testing and treatment for LTBI. High-risk persons include:
Known close contacts of someone with infectious TB disease
Persons from regions of the world with high TB incidence
Those who work or reside in facilities or institutions with people who are also at high risk for TB2019 State and City ReportFigure 12.  Percentage of Contacts (to Sputum Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear-Positive TB Patients) Newly Diagnosed with Latent TB Infection Who Completed Treatment, United States, 2018
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Close2019 State and City ReportFigure 12.  Percentage of Contacts (to Sputum Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear-Positive TB Patients) Newly Diagnosed with Latent TB Infection Who Completed Treatment, United States, 2018
download iconDownload Image[PNG]
Risk factors for developing TB disease once infected include:
HIV infection
Injection drug use
Evidence of prior healed TB disease
Diabetes
Low body weight
Other illnesses or conditions that cause immunosuppressionInfants and children under the age of five years are also at higher risk of getting sick with TB disease once infected.
In 2018, the most recent year for which data are available, 12 states and 3 cities met or exceeded the 2025 national target of initiating treatment for 92.0% of people diagnosed with LTBI who were found during contact investigations; 14 states and 2 cities were short of the 2025 target but exceeded the national average of 77.3% (Figure 11).
In 2018, 10 states and 1 city met or exceeded the 2025 national target of treatment completion for 93.0% of people diagnosed with LTBI through contact investigation who started treatment; 20 states and 3 cities were short of the 2025 target but met or exceeded the national average of 78.4% (Figure 12).Footnotes**Figure 11.  Percentage of Contacts (to Sputum Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear-Positive TB Patients)****Newly Diagnosed with Latent TB Infection Who Began Treatment, United States, 2017**
The fraction in each parenthesis reports the number of contacts who started treatment out of those contacts newly diagnosed with TB infection.
States/cities are grouped into thirds based on numbers of TB cases reported in 2018.
Baltimore, DC, DE, ID, ME, MT, ND, NH, NM, RI, SD, UT, and WI reported 50 or fewer total TB cases in 2018.  Due to the small denominator, data should be interpreted with caution.  VT and WY reported 0 smear positive TB patients.  WV reported 0 newly diagnosed LTBI patients.  ARPE data were unavailable for IA, KS, MO and NE.
*Data Source: Aggregate Reports for Program Evaluation as of October 9, 2020*
**Figure 12.  Percentage of Contacts (to Sputum Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear-Positive TB Patients) Newly Diagnosed with Latent TB Infection Who Completed Treatment, United States, 2018**
The fraction in each parenthesis reports the number of contacts newly diagnosed with TB infection who completed treatment out of those contacts who started treatment.
States/cities are grouped into thirds based on numbers of TB cases reported in 2018.
Baltimore, DC, DE, ID, ME, MT, ND, NH, NM, RI, SD, UT, and WI reported 50 or fewer total TB cases in 2018. Due to the small denominator, data should be interpreted with caution.   VT and WY reported 0 smear positive TB patients.  WV reported 0 newly diagnosed LTBI patients.  ARPE data were unavailable for IA, KS, MO and NE.  LTBI treatment completion data were unavailable for MT and ME.
*Data Source: Aggregate Reports for Program Evaluation as of October 9, 2020*
							
					
						Page last reviewed:  November 2, 2020					Content source: 	Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention homeTuberculosisBasic TB Factsplus iconHow TB SpreadsLatent TB Infection and TB DiseaseSigns & SymptomsTB Risk FactorsExposure to TBTB PreventionVaccinesTB & HIV CoinfectionTB and DiabetesTB TermsPersonal StoriesTesting & Diagnosisplus iconWho Should be TestedTesting for TB InfectionTesting in BCG-Vaccinated PersonsTB Screening and Testing of Health Care PersonnelTesting During PregnancyDiagnosing latent TB infection and TB diseaseTreatmentplus iconDeciding When to Treat Latent TB InfectionTreatment Regimens for Latent TB Infection (LTBI)Treatment for TB DiseaseAdverse EventsTB Treatment of Persons Living with HIVTB Treatment and PregnancyTB Treatment for ChildrenFrequently Asked QuestionsDrug-Resistant TBResearchplus iconTB Epidemiologic Studies Consortiumplus iconResearch ProjectsPublicationsTB Trials Consortiumplus iconStudy DescriptionsBackgroundBehavioral & Social Science ResearchHealth Care Settingsplus iconTB Infection Control in Health Care SettingsResources for TB Screening and Testing of Health Care Personnelplus iconFrequently Asked QuestionsTB in Specific Populationsplus iconHealth DisparitiesAsian PersonsBlack or African American PersonsHispanic or Latino PersonsChildrenPregnancyCorrectional FacilitiesPeople Experiencing HomelessnessInternational TravelersLaboratory Informationplus iconDrug Susceptibility TestingFalse-Positive Investigation ToolkitInterim Laboratory Biosafety Guidance for XDR  tuberculosis strainsModel Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP)Rapid Molecular Testing to Detect Drug-Resistant TB in the USplus iconExecutive SummaryIntroductionBackground on Tests for Molecular Detection of DRGeneral Considerations and Principles for a Molecular DR Testing ServicePossible Scenarios and Scope of Testing for a Molecular DR Testing ServiceResearch NeedsGeneral Recommendations of the Expert PanelCommunication Plan for the ReportRecommendationsReferencesPanel Members and CDC ParticipantsAppendix 1Appendix 2Appendix 3The Uses of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for the Diagnosis of TBplus iconGeneral ConsiderationsGeneral Recommendations of the Expert PanelRecommendations to ACET, CDC, DTBEData & Statisticsplus iconTB Incidence in the United StatesReported TB in the US, 2022 Surveillance Reportplus iconNational DataReporting Area DataRisk FactorsDemographicsTB Treatment and Case OutcomesDrug-Resistant TBMolecular SurveillanceTuberculosis in the United States, 2022 (Slide Set)Archived Surveillance Reports and Slide Sets2021 State and City ReportArchived State and City ReportsProfessional Resources & Toolsplus iconTools for Healthcare ProvidersResources for TB Programsplus iconStrengthening Civil Surgeons’ Capacity to Improve LTBI Surveillance and Outcomes Among Status AdjustersNotice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO)Program EvaluationTB Centers of ExcellenceTB Elimination AllianceTB Genotypingplus iconConventional TB GenotypingWhole Genome SequencingTB GIMSAnalytic ToolsLatent Tuberculosis Infection ResourcesPublications & Productsplus iconPatient and Public MaterialsFact SheetsGuidelinesplus iconControl & EliminationDrug-Resistant TBInfection Control & PreventionLaboratory & GenotypingTB & HIVTB in Specific PopulationsTesting & DiagnosisTreatmentVaccines & ImmunizationsArchived TB GuidelinesGuides & Toolkitsplus iconAggregate ReportsCDC TB Surveillance TrainingCore CurriculumEffective TB Interviewing for Contact InvestigationEthnographic GuidesFalse-Positive Investigation ToolkitForging Partnerships to Eliminate TuberculosisGuide to Application of GenotypingLTBI: A Guide for Primary Health Care ProvidersMantoux Tuberculin Skin Testing ProductsReport of Verified Case of Tuberculosis (RVCT)Self-Study ModulesTB Contact Investigation Interviewing Skills CourseTB eDOT ToolkitUnderstanding the TB Cohort Review ProcessNewslettersplus iconTB Notes, No. 4, 2023TB Notes, No. 3, 2023TB Notes. No. 2, 2023TB Notes. No. 1, 2023TB Notes, No. 4, 2022TB Notes, No. 3, 2022TB Notes, No. 2, 2022TB Notes, No. 1, 2022TB Notes, No. 4, 2021TB Notes, No. 3, 2021TB Notes, No. 2, 2021TB Notes, No. 1, 2021Pamphlets, Brochures, Bookletsplus iconQuestions and AnswersPatient Education SeriesTuberculosis - Get the FactsTuberculosis - The Connection between TB and HIV12-Dose Regimen for Latent TB Infection-Patient Education BrochurePostersplus iconMantoux Tuberculin Skin Test Wall ChartWorld TB DayThink TBStop TBTake on TBReports & Articlesplus iconDTBE Authored Journal ArticlesTuberculosis Laboratory Aggregate ReportsSlide Setsplus iconIntroduction to TuberculosisEpidemiology of Tuberculosis Among Non-U.S.​–Born Persons in the United States, 1993–2016Self-Study Modules on Tuberculosis, 1-5 Slide SetsThe Tuberculosis (TB) in Correctional Settingsplus iconFacilitator GuideIntroduction to TB GenotypingEpidemiology of Tuberculosis in Correctional Facilities, United States, 1993-2017Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Correctional and Detention FacilitiesGuidelines for Preventing the Transmission of M. TB in Health care SettingsInvestigation of Contacts of Persons with Infectious TBEpidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the United StatesTargeted Tuberculosis Testing and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis InfectionElectronic Tools & ResourcesWeb-Based Courses & Webinarsplus iconTB 101 for Health Care WorkersContent SyndicationInfographicsplus iconSocial Media GraphicsCustomizable Take on TB Infographic with InstructionsEventsWorld TB Dayplus iconU.S. TB ChampionsHistoryFeaturesplus iconTB Risk FactorsTreating Latent TB Infection with Short-Course RegimensWorld Tuberculosis (TB) Day 2021World Tuberculosis (TB) Day 2020Linksplus iconState TB Control OfficesAbout Usplus iconMission Statement and Activitiesplus iconDTBE Strategic PlanNational TB Program ObjectivesOrganization ChartAdvisory Groupsplus iconFederal TB Task Force To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: Email Address			What's this?				Submit


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