Technical Memorandum 

TO: EPA Docket No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0682 

 

FROM: Andrew Bouchard, Environmental Engineer 

Refining and Chemicals Group, SPPD (E143-01)

DATE: January 24, 2014

SUBJECT: Petroleum Refinery Sector Rule: Evaluation of Flare Tip Velocity Requirements

I. Purpose 

This memorandum documents the data review conducted regarding the flare tip velocity 

requirements for petroleum refinery flares. 

 

II. Peer Review Comments Related to Flame Liftoff and Flare Tip Velocity 

In April 2012, the EPA released a technical report for peer review ( EPA, 2012) that discussed 

observations regarding the operation and performance of flares, including trying to correlate flare 

flame lift off with flare tip velocity. The report states that as the velocity increases, the flame 

will eventually lift off from the tip of the flare and progress to a condition where the flame will 

become unstable and inconsistent, and in some cases the flame can be extinguished. 

Flare researchers have evaluated various equations to determine operating conditions in which 

the flare tip velocity is high enough to cause flame lift off and instability. These equations and 

researchers’ evaluations were referenced in the April 2012 technical report, with the Shore 

equation (Shore, 2007) receiving additional attention because the input parameters used in the 

Shore equation are more readily available than some of the input parameters used in the other 

equations. The technical report stated that the data suggested that “... the actual flare tip velocity 

(i.e., actual flare vent gas velocity plus center steam velocity, if applicable) should be less than 

an established maximum allowable flare tip velocity calculated using an equation [Shore 

equation] that is dependent on combustion zone gas composition, the flare tip diameter, density 

of the flare vent gas, and density of air.” 

As part of the peer review process, reviewers were asked to comment on whether the flare data 

adequately supported these observations; and whether there were other parameters or 

methods/equations that should be given more or less emphasis. All of the peer reviewers 

commented to some extent on this question, yet only one reviewer agreed with the agency’s 

observations (Richardson Fry and Coburn, 2012). The rest of the peer review comments related 

to this question can be summarized as follows: 

 The equation that was developed by Shore (2007) cannot be adequately assessed or 

validated due to lack of data at high flare tip velocities. 

 The existing data is not adequate to assess whether the Shore equation offers any 

advantages over the current flare tip velocity equations in 40 CFR 60.18 and 40 CFR 
2 

63.11 (i.e., maximum flare tip velocity (Vmax) as a function of vent gas net heating 

value (NHV)). 

 One peer reviewer also argued that flame liftoff does not automatically imply poor 

combustion efficiency; however, the EPA already had acknowledged this observation 

in the April 2012 technical report.1 

Considering the first two bullets in the list above, it is true that the Shore equation (and any other 

parameters or methods/equations briefly discussed in the technical report) cannot be examined to 

the fullest extent because of the following reasons: (1) actual flame liftoff data is not available 

for the passive fourier transform infrared (PFTIR) flare performance test data that EPA reviewed 

in the technical report; and (2) all of the PFTIR flare performance tests are performed at very 

high turndown ratios and consequently, have relatively low flare tip velocities (all recent test 

runs were performed at less than 10 feet per second) so validating any equation over a very large 

range of possible flare tip velocities is not possible. 

Given the narrow window of flare tip velocities studied within the new test data and the 

uncertainty of how well the Shore equation models flare operation at a much larger range of flow 

rates, as well as the fact that flame lift off does not always indicate poor combustion, it was 

determined that not enough information was available to validate the use of the Shore equation 

or to show that the Shore equation is more effective than the existing flare tip velocity equations 

at indicating flame stability at this time. Peer reviewers did not provide suggestions for any 

other equation or velocity monitoring technique (although one peer reviewer suggested that 

detailed transient large eddy simulation based on computational fluid dynamics analyses are 

required to monitor flame stability and a single parameter is not appropriate) (Richardson Fry 

and Coburn, 2012). Therefore, the EPA decided to review the existing flare tip velocity 

equations in 40 CFR 60.18(f)(5) and 63.11(b)(7)(iii) for steam-assisted and non-assisted flares 

and in 40 CFR 60.18(f)(6) and 63.11(b)(8) for air-assisted flares (herein referred to as the 

General Provisions (GP) flare tip velocity equations). 

III. Flare Tip Velocity Equations for Steam-Assisted and Non-Assisted Flares 

In studying the correlation between flare flame stability and flare tip velocity, several different 

testing protocols were used by the EPA in the 1980’s to better understand their overall relation. 

Many of the protocols involved observing the flare flame for signs of instability using various 

flare designs and sizes. In reviewing the results of the studies’, the EPA report “Evaluation of 

Flare Efficiency of Industrial Flares: Test Results” (Pohl, J., R. Payne, and J. Lee. 1984) 

concluded: 

“Figure 4-15 shows that at low velocities, stable flames could be obtained with gases of 

heating values of approximately 300 Btu/ft3. However, high heating values of the gases 

were required to stabilize the flares at higher velocities.” 

This conclusion appears to be the basis for the development of the steam-assisted and nonassisted GP flare tip velocity equation. Figure 1 presents all of the data collected in the 1980’s 

 

1 The April 2012 technical report stated that: “Flame stability can exist when flame lift off occurs; however, as flame stability 

decreases (which can be caused by a variety of reasons, such as changes in flare tip velocity, combustion zone gas 

composition, or wind direction and speed), a flare operating at flame lift off can progress to a condition where the flame is 

extinguished; at a minimum, the flame will be inconsistent (Kalghatgi, 1981a; and Shore, 2007).” 
3 

studies, prior to the development of the GP flare tip velocity equations (see Attachment 1 for all 

data used to support this technical memorandum). 

Figure 1. Summary plot of all data from the 1980’s flare efficiency tests 

Reviewing this plot, one can see the limits in the data available across the full range of velocities 

and heating values of the gas being combusted in the flare. It should be noted that the maximum 

velocity limits for non-assisted flares are depicted in Figure 1 and start at 200 Btu/ft3

, then come 

in line with the maximum velocity limits for steam-assisted flares, which start at 300 

Btu/ft3

(based on the current GP requirements 40 CFR 63.11(b) and 40 CFR 60.18(b)). There are 

basically two groups of data, those near 300 Btu/ft3 and those at about 1000 Btu/ft3

 and above. It 

appears that the GP flare tip velocity equation for steam-assisted and non-assisted flares was 

derived by connecting the maximum velocities of these two data groupings with a straight line 

(on a semi-log plot). In other words, connecting the point at approximately 300 Btu/ft3

 and 60 

ft/sec with the point near 1000 Btu/ft3 and 400 ft/sec on a semi-log scale and performing a linear 

regression, establishes the equation that is included in General Provisions for steam-assisted and 

non-assisted flares. This GP flare tip velocity equation for these two flare types is shown in 

Equation 1 (SI units) and Equation 2 (English units) below. 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700

Flare Tip Velocity (ft/s)

Net Heating Value (Btu/scf)

EPA‐600/2‐83‐052 EPA‐600/2‐84‐095

EPA‐600/2‐85‐106 EPA‐600/2‐86‐080 (Stable Data)

EPA‐600/2‐86‐080 (Stablity Transition) EPA‐600/2‐86‐080 (Unstable Data)

Non & Steam‐Assisted GP Vmax Equation
4 

Log10 (Vmax) = (HT + 28.8) / 31.7 (Eq. 1) 

Where: 

Vmax = Maximum permitted flare tip velocity, meters per second (m/s). 

HT = Net heating value of the gas being combusted, megajoules per standard cubic 

meter (MJ/scm). 

Log10 (Vmax) = (HT + 1212) / 850 (Eq. 2) 

Where: 

Vmax = Maximum permitted flare tip velocity, feet per second (ft/s). 

HT = Net heating value of the gas being combusted, british thermal units per standard 

cubic foot (BTU/scf). 

IV. Flare Tip Velocity Equations for Air-Assisted Flares 

The GP flare tip velocity equation for air-assisted flares was also developed from a 1980s flare 

efficiency study (McDaniel, M. 1983). Figure 2 below shows a plot of this data. 

Figure 2. Plot of air-assisted test data from flare efficiency study (McDaniel, M. 1983). 

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700

Flare Tip Velocity (ft/s)

Net Heating Value (BTU/scf)

EPA‐600/2‐83‐052, >98% Combustion EPA‐600/2‐83‐052, <98% Combustion

Air‐Assisted Flare GP Vmax Equation
5 

A linear equation was fit to the two outermost data points with good combustion to set the 

maximum velocity limits for this flare type. The GP flare tip velocity equation for air-assisted 

flares is shown in Equation 3 (SI units) and Equation 4 (English units) below. 

Vmax = 8.706 + 0.7084 * HT (Eq. 3) 

Where: 

Vmax = Maximum permitted flare tip velocity, m/s. 

HT = Net heating value of the gas being combusted, MJ/scm. 

Vmax = 28.56 + 0.0866 * HT (Eq. 4) 

Where: 

Vmax = Maximum permitted flare tip velocity, ft/s. 

HT = Net heating value of the gas being combusted, Btu/scf. 

However, later Pohl and Soelberg (1985) evaluated the efficiency of flares considering flare head 

design and gas composition. Including the data from Pohl and Soelberg (1985) with the data 

from McDaniel (1983), it appears that a wider envelope of acceptable flare velocities may be 

appropriate (see Figure 3 below). 
6 

 

Figure 3. Plot of air-assisted test data from flare efficiency study (all air-assist data). 

V. Flare Tip Velocity Equations for Refinery Flares 

As evidenced by the inclusion of the Pohl and Soelberg (1985) air-assisted flare test data with the 

data from McDaniel (1983) in Figure 3, it appears that a less stringent maximum velocity 

requirement could be warranted for air-assisted flares, especially when considering all data that 

exceeds 98 percent combustion. In order to assess what this flare tip velocity requirement could 

be for air-assisted flares operating at petroleum refineries, we first took all the data used to 

generate the steam-assisted and non-assisted flare tip velocity requirements (see Figure 1) and 

added to it all air-assisted flare test data from both Pohl and Soelberg (1985) and McDaniel 

(1983) that meet the air-assisted NHVcz and NHVdil criteria discussed in the memorandum 

entitled “Petroleum Refinery Sector Rule: Operating Limits for Flares.” The results of this 

analysis are presented in Figure 4 below. Since the air-assisted flare stable operating envelope 

appears to be consistent with the stable operating envelope for steam- and non-assisted flares, it 

appears reasonable to use a single flare tip velocity equation (i.e., the logarithmic equation 

historically used for steam- and non-assisted flares) for all petroleum refinery flares. 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700

Flare Tip Velocity (ft/s)

Net Heating Value (BTU/scf)

EPA‐600/2‐83‐052, >98% Combustion EPA‐600/2‐83‐052, <98% Combustion

EPA‐600/2‐85‐106, >98% Combustion EPA‐600/2‐85‐106, <98% Combustion

Air‐Assisted Flare GP Vmax Equation
7 

Figure 4. Plot of all test data from flare tip velocity flame stability studies. 

VI. References 

Coburn, J. 2013. Petroleum Refinery Sector Rule: Operating Limits for Flares. Memorandum to 

A. Bouchard and B. Shine, U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. 

December 12. 

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Parameters for Properly Designed and 

Operated Flares. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air 

Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. April 2012. 

McDaniel, M. 1983. Flare efficiency study. Prepared for U.S. EPA Office of Research and 

Development EPA-600/2-83-052 by Engineering Science, Inc. (July). 

Pohl, J., R. Payne, and J. Lee. 1984. Evaluation of the efficiency of industrial flares: Test 

Results. EPA-600/2-84-095. Prepared for U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development 

by Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (May). 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700

Flare Tip Velocity (ft/s)

Net Heating Value (Btu/scf)

EPA‐600/2‐83‐052 EPA‐600/2‐84‐095

EPA‐600/2‐85‐106 EPA‐600/2‐86‐080 (Stable Data)

EPA‐600/2‐86‐080 (Stablity Transition) EPA‐600/2‐86‐080 (Unstable Data)
8 

Pohl, J. and N. Soelberg. 1985. Evaluation of the efficiency of industrial flares: Flare head 

design and gas composition. EPA-600/2-85-106. Prepared for U.S. EPA Office of Air 

Quality Planning and Standards. (September). 

Pohl, J. and N. Soelberg. 1986. Evaluation of the efficiency of industrial flares: H2S gas mixtures 

and pilot assisted flares. EPA-600/2-86-080. Prepared for U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality 

Planning and Standards. (September). 

Richardson Fry, C. and J. Coburn. 2012. Peer Review of “Parameters for Properly Designed 

and Operated Flares.” Memorandum to A. Bouchard and B. Shine, U.S. EPA Office of 

Air Quality Planning and Standards. July 3. 

Shore, D. 2007. Improving flare design, a transition from art-form to engineering science. 

Presented at AFRC-JFRC 2007 Joint Meeting, Waikoloa, HI (October). 
Attachment 1 

Spreadsheet Containing Historical Flare Tip Velocity Data 
Steam Assist and Non Assist Data

Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Combustion Efficieny (Percent) Observation

Color

1 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 201 85 0.20 306 99.30%2 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 202 85 4.38 275 99.40%3 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 203 85 9.19 329 97.90%4 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 204 85 0.20 421 99.90%5 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 205 85 3.95 425 99.70%6 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 206 85 9.90 425 99.60%7 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 1 83 42.05 2183 99.96%8 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 2 83 41.25 2183 99.82%9 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 3 83 40.53 2183 99.52%

10 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 4 83 25.15 2183 95.80%11 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 8 83 13.95 2183 98.81%12 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 7 83 13.72 2183 99.84%13 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 5 83 13.30 2183 99.94%14 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 67 83 13.15 2183 See pg 2815 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 17 83 2.18 2183 99.84%16 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 50 83 2.17 2183 99.45%17 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 56 83 2.18 2183 99.70%18 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 61 83 2.22 2183 82.18%19 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 55 83 2.20 2183 68.95%20 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 57 83 62.48 294 99.90%21 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 11a 83 58.67 305 99.53%22 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 11b 83 53.25 342 99.86%23 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 11c 83 49.42 364 99.82%24 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 59a 83 52.53 192 95.11%25 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 59b 83 44.05 232 99.32%26 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 60 83 29.68 298 99.92%27 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 51 83 28.88 309 98.66%28 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16a 83 28.45 339 99.74%29 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16b 83 22.40 405 99.75%30 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16c 83 17.22 519 99.74%31 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16d 83 10.75 634 99.78%32 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 54 83 0.03 209 99.90%33 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 23 83 0.04 267 100.01%34 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 52 83 0.05 268 99.82%35 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 53 83 0.03 209 99.40%
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Combustion Efficieny (Percent) Observation

Color

48 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 13 84 0.50 273 90.19%53 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 20 84 12.00 620 99.12%56 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 52 84 2.10 376 98.09%61 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 81 84 837 97.27%67 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 95 84 114.80 792 99.87%68 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 96 84 274.10 1043 99.85%71 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 99 84 428.20 1027 99.88%76 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 104 84 375.50 921 99.81%89 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 33 84 1.10 338 96.35%93 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 37 84 3.10 451 92.24%94 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 38 84 11.70 613 98.76%97 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 71 84 10.30 343 99.36%99 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 73 84 1.00 291 97.97%

100 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 74 84 2.90 350 99.02%108 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 44 84 2.10 378 99.73%110 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 46 84 0.20 451 98.62%111 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 47 84 4.10 385 94.89%117 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 64 84 4.50 392 98.49%126 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 88 84 3.00 317 99.21%127 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 89 84 6.20 303 99.72%128 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 90 84 0.30 315 99.59%135 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 58 84 6.80 371 99.52%137 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 60 84 14.63 522 91.16%138 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 61 84 0.65 458 99.50%

36 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 1 84 0.50 1311 99.49%37 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 2 84 0.50 1311 98.37%38 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 3 84 0.50 1309 98.77%39 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 4 84 0.50 1311 99.06%40 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 5 84 2.00 1318 99.54%41 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 6 84 2.00 1314 94.24%42 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 7 84 2.00 1314 99.64%43 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 8 84 2.00 1314 98.95%44 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 9 84 9.90 1325 99.74%45 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 10 84 10.00 1316 98.69%46 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 11 84 10.00 1323 95.66%47 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 12 84 10.00 1323 98.78%
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Combustion Efficieny (Percent) Observation

Color

49 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 16 84 10.00 1323 99.83%50 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 17 84 10.00 1323 99.96%51 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 18 84 10.00 1321 99.89%52 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 19 84 10.00 1323 98.94%54 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 21 84 2.10 343 99.29%55 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 51 84 2.10 362 91.81%57 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 77 84 39.60 1316 95.11%58 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 78 84 80.00 1325 98.40%59 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 79 84 118.50 1307 99.66%60 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 80 84 420.50 1255 99.20%62 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 82 84 248.30 1107 99.33%63 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 83 84 144.50 2350 99.87%64 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 92 84 171.40 2350 99.60%65 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 93 84 84.70 2348 99.74%66 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 94 84 171.40 2350 99.83%69 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 97 84 85.80 1156 99.72%70 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 98 84 172.30 1133 99.82%72 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 100 84 343.10 1149 99.84%73 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 101 84 85.80 1807 99.73%74 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 102 84 170.10 1805 99.74%75 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 103 84 260.10 1795 99.88%77 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 105 84 243.40 2350 99.77%78 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 22 84 1.00 1293 99.60%79 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 23 84 2.80 1314 99.81%80 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 24 84 2.80 1314 99.81%81 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 25 84 2.80 1314 99.75%82 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 26 84 2.80 1314 99.76%83 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 6 27 84 2.80 1314 99.92%84 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 28 84 2.90 1318 94.15%85 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 29 84 2.90 1318 99.56%86 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 30 84 2.90 1323 98.47%87 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 31 84 10.10 1316 98.90%88 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 6 32 84 2.90 1316 99.89%90 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 34 84 3.10 414 98.93%91 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 35 84 3.10 451 86.93%92 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 36 84 3.10 454 98.06%
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Combustion Efficieny (Percent) Observation

Color

95 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 69 84 3.00 336 97.11%96 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 70 84 1.00 287 99.14%98 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 72 84 2.90 345 93.49%

101 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 75 84 2.90 1321 99.66%102 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 76 84 1.00 1311 99.54%103 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 39 84 0.20 1309 99.29%104 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 40 84 2.00 1323 99.24%105 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 41 84 4.10 1314 99.50%106 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 42 84 4.00 1314 99.48%107 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 43 84 4.10 1318 99.50%109 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 45 84 0.20 980 99.91%

112 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 48 84 4.20 390 96.71%113 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 49 84 4.20 385 99.73%114 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 50 84 4.00 1323 99.32%115 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 62 84 2.00 1269 99.12%116 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 63 84 4.30 1318 99.37%118 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 65 84 4.30 1318 99.85%119 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 66 84 4.30 1316 99.63%120 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 67 84 4.30 1316 99.61%121 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 68 84 0.22 1309 99.78%122 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 84 84 2.90 1276 99.54%123 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 85 84 6.00 1316 99.65%124 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 86 84 0.30 1314 99.48%125 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 87 84 6.00 1314 99.58%129 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 91 84 5.90 1311 99.84%130 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 53 84 0.65 1309 99.28%131 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 54 84 6.50 1316 99.08%132 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 55 84 13.30 1328 99.65%133 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 56 84 13.00 1316 99.28%134 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 57 84 13.00 1316 98.18%136 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 59 84 13.00 1314 99.55%161 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 304 86 19.5 283 Orange Flick162 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 305 86 78.5 377 Orange Flick164 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 307 86 34.2 326 Orange Flick165 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 308 86 33 257 Orange Flick166 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 309 86 17.2 275 Orange Flick
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Combustion Efficieny (Percent) Observation

Color

167 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 310 86 18.5 251 Orange Flick174 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 317 86 33 229 Orange Flick178 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 321 86 19.7 224 Orange Flick179 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 322 86 19.4 189 Orange Flick181 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 324 86 5.61 264 Orange Flick184 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 327 86 19.6 172 99.3 Orange Flick189 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 332 86 39.1 189 Orange Flick193 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 336 86 36.9 133 Orange Flick199 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 342 86 10.5 185 Orange Flick208 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 351 86 20.5 167 98.5 Orange Flick209 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 352 86 20.1 138 97.2 Orange Flick182 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 325 86 6.73 219 Faint Orang192 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 335 86 36.7 118 Faint Orang217 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 360 86 13.3 160 Faint Orang180 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 323 86 19.1 176 Trace Orang188 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 331 86 36.3 166 Trace Orang163 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 306 86 136 206 Transparen168 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 311 86 61.8 174 99.2 Transparen169 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 312 86 63.9 146 75 Transparen170 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 313 86 130 211 99.3 Transparen171 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 314 86 121 204 Transparen172 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 315 86 142 168 Transparen173 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 316 86 148 158 Transparen175 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 318 86 45.3 168 Transparen176 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 319 86 58.9 130 Transparen177 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 320 86 77 99 Transparen183 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 326 86 7.33 203 Transparen185 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 328 86 44.7 137 Transparen186 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 329 86 34.8 157 98.2 Transparen187 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 330 86 11.8 112 81.3 Transparen190 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 333 86 36.9 123 Transparen191 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 334 86 36.7 110 Transparen194 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 337 86 36.3 88.3 Transparen195 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 338 86 36.5 97.1 Transparen196 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 339 86 10.3 155 Transparen197 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 340 86 10.1 114 Transparen
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Combustion Efficieny (Percent) Observation

Color

198 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 341 86 10.1 95.8 Transparen200 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 343 86 10.5 141 Transparen201 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 344 86 14 105 Transparen202 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 345 86 13.9 40.8 Transparen203 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 346 86 9.63 153 Transparen204 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 347 86 33.1 40.8 Transparen205 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 348 86 34.8 48.9 Transparen206 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 349 86 20.4 100 92.0 Transparen207 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 350 86 20.4 125 94.3 Transparen210 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 353 86 20.2 65.1 Transparen211 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 354 86 10.2 130 Transparen212 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 355 86 28.3 165 Transparen213 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 356 86 35.0 121 Transparen214 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 357 86 39.4 164 Transparen215 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 358 86 47.6 128 Transparen216 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 359 86 20.1 131 95.7 Transparen218 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 361 86 12.9 79 Transparen219 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 362 86 30.3 155 Transparen220 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 363 86 34.9 95 Transparen221 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 364 86 48.3 146 Transparen222 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 365 86 49.6 116 Transparen223 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 366 86 20.2 130 96.6 Transparen

VMAX 34.96 100

902.18 1300

VMAX_Horizontal 60 300

0.1 300
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Observation- Color

10 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 4 83 25.15 218311 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 8 83 13.95 218321 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 11a 83 58.67 30522 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 11b 83 53.25 34223 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 11c 83 49.42 36424 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 59a 83 52.53 19225 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 59b 83 44.05 23226 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 60 83 29.68 29828 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16a 83 28.45 33929 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16b 83 22.40 40530 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16c 83 17.22 51931 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 16d 83 10.75 63432 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 54 83 0.03 20933 EPA-600/2-83-052 Non Assist 8.625 23 83 0.04 26748 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 13 84 0.50 27353 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 20 84 12.00 62056 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 52 84 2.10 37689 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 33 84 1.10 33893 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 37 84 3.10 45194 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 38 84 11.70 61397 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 71 84 10.30 34399 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 73 84 1.00 291

100 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 74 84 2.90 350108 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 44 84 2.10 378110 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 46 84 0.20 451111 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 47 84 4.10 385117 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 64 84 4.50 392126 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 88 84 3.00 317127 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 89 84 6.20 303128 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 90 84 0.30 315135 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 58 84 6.80 371137 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 60 84 14.63 522138 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 61 84 0.65 458

36 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 1 84 0.50 131137 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 2 84 0.50 1311
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Observation- Color

38 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 3 84 0.50 130939 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 4 84 0.50 131140 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 5 84 2.00 131841 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 6 84 2.00 131442 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 7 84 2.00 131443 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 8 84 2.00 131444 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 9 84 9.90 132545 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 10 84 10.00 131646 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 11 84 10.00 132347 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 12 84 10.00 132354 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 21 84 2.10 34355 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 51 84 2.10 36257 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 77 84 39.60 131658 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 3 78 84 80.00 132578 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 22 84 1.00 129379 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 23 84 2.80 131480 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 24 84 2.80 131481 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 25 84 2.80 131482 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 26 84 2.80 131484 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 28 84 2.90 131885 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 29 84 2.90 131886 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 30 84 2.90 132387 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 31 84 10.10 131690 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 34 84 3.10 41491 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 35 84 3.10 45192 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 36 84 3.10 45495 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 69 84 3.00 33696 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 70 84 1.00 28798 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 72 84 2.90 345

101 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 75 84 2.90 1321102 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 6 76 84 1.00 1311103 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 39 84 0.20 1309104 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 40 84 2.00 1323105 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 41 84 4.10 1314106 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 42 84 4.00 1314107 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 43 84 4.10 1318
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Observation- Color

109 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 45 84 0.20 980

112 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 48 84 4.20 390113 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 49 84 4.20 385115 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 62 84 2.00 1269116 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 63 84 4.30 1318119 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 66 84 4.30 1316120 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 67 84 4.30 1316121 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 68 84 0.22 1309122 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 84 84 2.90 1276123 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 85 84 6.00 1316124 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 86 84 0.30 1314125 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 87 84 6.00 1314130 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 53 84 0.65 1309131 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 54 84 6.50 1316132 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 55 84 13.30 1328133 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 56 84 13.00 1316134 EPA-600/2-84-095 Non Assist 12 57 84 13.00 1316161 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 304 86 19.5 283 Orange Flickers162 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 305 86 78.5 377 Orange Flickers164 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 307 86 34.2 326 Orange Flickers165 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 308 86 33 257 Orange Flickers166 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 309 86 17.2 275 Orange Flickers167 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 310 86 18.5 251 Orange Flickers174 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 317 86 33 229 Orange Flickers178 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 321 86 19.7 224 Orange Flickers179 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 322 86 19.4 189 Orange Flickers181 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 324 86 5.61 264 Orange Flickers184 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 327 86 19.6 172 Orange Flickers189 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 332 86 39.1 189 Orange Flickers193 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 336 86 36.9 133 Orange Flickers199 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 342 86 10.5 185 Orange Flickers208 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 351 86 20.5 167 Orange Flickers209 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 352 86 20.1 138 Orange Flickers

1 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 201 85 0.20 3062 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 202 85 4.38 2753 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 203 85 9.19 329
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Observation- Color

4 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 204 85 0.20 4215 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 205 85 3.95 4256 EPA-600/2-85-106 Steam Assist 12 206 85 9.90 4257 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 1 83 42.05 21838 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 2 83 41.25 21839 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 3 83 40.53 2183

12 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 7 83 13.72 218313 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 5 83 13.30 218314 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 67 83 13.15 218315 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 17 83 2.18 218316 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 50 83 2.17 218317 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 56 83 2.18 218318 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 61 83 2.22 218319 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 55 83 2.20 218320 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 57 83 62.48 29427 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 51 83 28.88 30934 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 52 83 0.05 26835 EPA-600/2-83-052 Steam Assist 8.625 53 83 0.03 20961 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 81 84 67.00 83767 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 95 84 114.80 79268 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 96 84 274.10 104371 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 99 84 428.20 102776 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 104 84 375.50 92149 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 16 84 10.00 132350 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 17 84 10.00 132351 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 18 84 10.00 132152 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 19 84 10.00 132359 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 79 84 118.50 130760 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 80 84 420.50 125562 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 82 84 248.30 110763 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 83 84 144.50 235064 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 92 84 171.40 235065 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 93 84 84.70 234866 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 94 84 171.40 235069 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 97 84 85.80 115670 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 98 84 172.30 1133
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Observation- Color

72 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 100 84 343.10 114973 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 101 84 85.80 180774 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 102 84 170.10 180575 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 103 84 260.10 179577 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 3 105 84 243.40 235083 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 6 27 84 2.80 131488 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 6 32 84 2.90 1316

114 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 50 84 4.00 1323118 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 65 84 4.30 1318129 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 91 84 5.90 1311136 EPA-600/2-84-095 Steam Assist 12 59 84 13.00 1314182 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 325 86 6.73 219 Faint Orange192 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 335 86 36.7 118 Faint Orange217 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 360 86 13.3 160 Faint Orange180 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 323 86 19.1 176 Trace Orange188 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 331 86 36.3 166 Trace Orange163 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 306 86 136 206 Transparent168 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 311 86 61.8 174 Transparent169 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 312 86 63.9 146 Transparent170 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 313 86 130 211 Transparent171 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 314 86 121 204 Transparent172 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 315 86 142 168 Transparent173 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 316 86 148 158 Transparent175 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 318 86 45.3 168 Transparent176 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 319 86 58.9 130 Transparent177 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 3.125 320 86 77 99 Transparent183 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 326 86 7.33 203 Transparent185 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 328 86 44.7 137 Transparent186 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 329 86 34.8 157 Transparent187 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 330 86 11.8 112 Transparent190 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 333 86 36.9 123 Transparent191 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 334 86 36.7 110 Transparent194 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 337 86 36.3 88.3 Transparent195 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 338 86 36.5 97.1 Transparent196 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 339 86 10.3 155 Transparent197 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 340 86 10.1 114 Transparent
Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Observation- Color

198 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 341 86 10.1 95.8 Transparent200 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 343 86 10.5 141 Transparent201 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 344 86 14 105 Transparent202 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 345 86 13.9 40.8 Transparent203 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 346 86 9.63 153 Transparent204 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 347 86 33.1 40.8 Transparent205 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 348 86 34.8 48.9 Transparent206 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 349 86 20.4 100 Transparent207 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 350 86 20.4 125 Transparent210 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 353 86 20.2 65.1 Transparent211 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 354 86 10.2 130 Transparent212 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 355 86 28.3 165 Transparent213 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 356 86 35.0 121 Transparent214 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 357 86 39.4 164 Transparent215 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 358 86 47.6 128 Transparent216 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 359 86 20.1 131 Transparent218 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 361 86 12.9 79 Transparent219 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 362 86 30.3 155 Transparent220 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 363 86 34.9 95 Transparent221 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 364 86 48.3 146 Transparent222 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 365 86 49.6 116 Transparent223 EPA-600/2-86-080 Non Assist 6.065 366 86 20.2 130 Transparent

VMAX 34.956618 100

902.18192 1300

VMAX_Horizontal 60 300

0.1 300
General Provisions Steam-Assist & Non-Assist Flare Vmax Equation (63.11(b)(7)(iii))

Low Heating 

Value

(Btu/ft3)

Vmax

(ft/sec)

Log10(Vmax)

(ft/sec)

200 60 1.78

300 60 1.78

350 69 1.84

400 79 1.90

450 90 1.96

500 103 2.01

550 118 2.07

600 135 2.13

650 155 2.19

700 178 2.25

750 203 2.31

800 233 2.37

850 267 2.43

900 305 2.48

950 350 2.54

1000 400 2.60

3000 400 2.60

A-13
Air Assist Data

Key 

Number

for this

Worksheet

Test Report Assist Type Size (inch) Test Number Year Actual Exit Velocity (ft/sec) Low Heating Value (Btu/ft3) Combustion Efficieny (Percent) Observation

Color 

139 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 26 218 2183 99.97% 66 81140 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 65 72 2183 99.57% 22 81141 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 28 71 2183 99.94% 22 81142 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 31 10 2183 99.17% 3 81146 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 64 53 282 99.74% 16 11148 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 63 26 289 99.37% 8 11149 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 33 0.15 83 98.24% 0.05 3150 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 32a 0.12 294 98.91% 0.04 11151 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 32b 0.12 228 98.86% 0.04 8154 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 244 428 1528 99.70% 130 57156 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 246 425 1425 99.70% 130 53160 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 262 357 877 99.60% 109 33143 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 66 137 158 61.94% 42 6144 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 29a 109 168 55.14% 33 6145 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 29b 84 146 65.65% 26 5147 EPA-600/2-83-052 Air Assist ? 62 46 153 94.18% 14 6152 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 242 98 712 88.80% 30 27 153 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 243 8 547 32.10% 3 20 155 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 245 69 1032 62.30% 21 38 157 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 247 11 2350 54.50% 3 88 158 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 260 394 496 57.70% 120 18 159 EPA-600/2-85-106 Air Assist 1.5 261 103 441 34.30% 31 16 

Vmax 33.2 53.681137 10.12 Vmax 54.6 300.61437 16.64 1Vmax 75 536.81137 22.87 Vmax 145 1342.0284 44.13 Vmax 238 2415.6512 72.46 
General Provisions Air-Assist Flare Vmax Equation (63.11(b)(8))

Low Heating 

Value

(Btu/ft3)

Vmax

(ft/sec)

300 54.5

600 80.5

900 106.5

1200 132.5

1500 158.5

1800 184.4

2100 210.4

2400 236.4

2700 262.4

3000 288.4

A-15