MEETING OF THE ADVISORY 

COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION 

PRACTICES (ACIP)

APRIL 20, 2022

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CONTENTS

MEETING PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................... 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 2

Session Overview.................................................................................................................. 2

Updates on VE of a COVID-19 Booster Dose ....................................................................... 3

Updates on Safety of COVID-19 Booster Dose..................................................................... 3

VaST Assessment ................................................................................................................. 4

Updates to the EtR Framework: COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Doses in Adults Ages ≥50 

years and Immunocompromised Individuals .........................................................................5

CDC Guidance for a Second COVID-19 Booster Dose......................................................... 7

Framework for Future COVID-19 Doses and Next Steps...................................................... 8

ACIP MEMBERSHIP ROSTER..................................................................................................................... 9

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT................................................................................................. 18
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

2 

MEETING PURPOSE

The United States (US) Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a meeting of the Advisory Committee on 

Immunization Practices (ACIP) on April 20, 2022. The meeting took place remotely via Zoom, 

teleconference, and live webcast. This document provides an Executive Summary of the 

meeting, which focused on updates on vaccine effectiveness (VE) and safety of a COVID-19 

booster dose, Vaccine Safety Technical Subgroup (VaST) assessment, updates to the Evidence 

to Recommendations (EtR) Framework for COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in adults ≥50 

years of age and immunocompromised persons, CDC guidance for a second COVID-19 booster 

dose, and a framework for future COVID-19 doses.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Session Overview

Dr. Matthew F. Daley (WG Chair) reported that there were 80,476,479 total COVID-19 cases

and 986,123 total deaths between January 23, 2020 – April 17, 2022. On March 29, 2022, FDA 

authorized a second booster dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine 

for older people and immunocompromised individuals. A second booster dose of the PfizerBioNTech COVID-19 vaccine or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine may be administered to individuals 

50 years of age and older at least 4 months after receipt of a first booster dose of any

authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccine. A second booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech 

COVID-19 vaccine may be administered to individuals 12 years of age and older with certain 

kinds of immunocompromise at least 4 months after receipt of a first booster dose of any 

authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccine. A second booster dose of the Moderna COVID-19 

vaccine may be administered to individuals 18 years of age and older with certain kinds of 

immunocompromise at least 4 months after receipt of a first booster dose of any authorized or 

approved COVID-19 vaccine. 

On March 29, 2021, CDC issued Emergency Use Instructions (EUI) for the use of both mRNA 

COVID-19 vaccines stating that people ages 18–49 who received Janssen COVID-19 vaccine 

as both their primary series dose and booster dose may receive a second booster dose using 

an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at least 4 months after the first Janssen booster dose. The EUI 

allows CDC to permit emergency use of FDA-approved medical products. EUI are provided as 

fact sheets for healthcare providers and recipients and include information about such products’ 

approved, licensed, or cleared conditions of use under circumstances that go beyond the scope 

of the approved labeling under the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Dr. Daley explained 

the difference between an EUA and an EUI and summarized the recommendations by primary 

series product and age among people who are not moderate to severely immunocompromised.

Between February-April 2022, the COVID-19 Vaccine WG has reviewed the following: VE data 

for COVID-19 vaccines in children ages 5-11 years, COVID-19 vaccine safety updates in 

children ages 5-11 years, survey data for intent to receive COVID-19 vaccines among children, 

safety and efficacy of Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, infection-induced and hybrid immunity to 

COVID-19, VE for booster doses, safety data for COVID-19 vaccine booster doses, policy 

discussions around booster doses, and the framework and data needs for future doses of 

COVID-19 vaccines. 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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Updates on VE of a COVID-19 Booster Dose

Ruth Link-Gelles, PhD, MPH (CDC/NCIRD) presented evidence on VE during Omicron in 

terms of the outcomes of infection, emergency department (ED)/urgent care (UC), and 

hospitalizations. Based on data from the Increasing Community Access to Testing (ICATT) 

Partnership and data from the United Kingdom (UK), VE looks different for recipients of J&J 

vaccine in that it is lower overall than regimens that include at least 1 mRNA dose. There is 

evidence of slight waning against infection for 3 mRNA doses by 2-4 months after the last dose. 

Early VE data from the UK show similar VE for the BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages of the Omicron 

variant. As seen previously with Delta for which there was higher VE for more severe outcomes, 

these data also show the clear benefit of a third dose over a second dose during Omicron,

and the highest VE of 94% with 3 doses for critical illness and death up to a median 60 days of 

follow-up. VE remained high against hospitalization among non-immunocompromised 

individuals for 4 to 6 months after the booster dose. As previously observed, there was limited 

protection and faster waning with 2 doses of mRNA vaccines against infection. This assessment 

showed higher VE and less waning with 3 doses of mRNA vaccines for all outcomes among 

non-immunocompromised individuals. While it was not possible to estimate VE for all outcomes 

among immunocompromised individuals, a similar pattern was observed as with nonimmunocompromised persons with higher VE for worst outcomes. However, 

immunocompromised individuals have lower VE than non-immunocompromised persons, which 

lead to the earlier additional dose recommendation.

Updates on Safety of COVID-19 Booster Dose

Nicola Klein, MD, PhD (KPNC) presented an update on the safety of a COVID-19 booster dose 

in which she described the preliminary findings of a Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) Rapid Cycle 

Analysis (RCA) chart review analysis of myocarditis and pericarditis following the first booster 

dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Pre-specified surveillance outcomes were assessed during weekly 

sequential monitoring after the first COVID-19 booster vaccination. The analyses assessed the 

risk of pre-specified outcomes within 1–21 days following a booster vaccination compared with 

boosted individuals who are within 22–42 days following the booster dose, adjusting for age, 

sex, race/ethnicity, VSD site, time since primary series, and calendar time. Weekly sequential 

analyses will continue through 2022, with a one-sided p-value threshold for signaling of 0.01.

Due to the association of myocarditis/pericarditis with primary mRNA vaccination, 

myocarditis/pericarditis cases after the first booster also were chart-reviewed and adjudicated 

using the CDC case definitions.

In weekly surveillance, the only safety signal has been for myocarditis/pericarditis in the 21 days 

after a first booster dose. There have been no other safety signals in weekly monitoring of prespecified outcomes. Myocarditis/pericarditis differed between persons 12–39 years of age and 

40+ years of age. Most persons 12–39 years of age experienced myocarditis and

myopericarditis with onset <7 days after the first booster. Those over 40+ years had mostly

pericarditis and the cases were more spread out in the 3 weeks after the first booster dose. For 

persons 12–39 years of age, the rate ratios for myocarditis/pericarditis 0–7 days after the first 

booster dose were elevated. The rate per million first booster doses administered was not

higher than after the primary series of 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. For persons 

aged 40 years and older, the rate ratios for myocarditis/pericarditis were elevated, but less so in 

the 0–7 and 0–21 days after the first booster dose compared with persons ages 12–39 years of 

age. 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

4 

Tom Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA (CDC/NCEZID) provided an update on adverse events 

(AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and myocarditis/pericarditis following a first booster dose 

from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and v-safeSM monitoring. After 93 

million first doses of mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccinations in the United Sates (US) in VAERS 

monitoring, local and systemic reactions are most commonly reported following first booster 

dose. There have been 110 verified reports of myocarditis and 38 of pericarditis. Myocarditis 

reporting rates were highest among young males aged 12–29 years. Reporting rates for

persons aged 12–29 years following the first booster exceeded background, but were lower 

compared to post-dose 2 rates with the primary series. Pericarditis reports were relatively rare 

and were distributed evenly among males and females and among varied age groups. More 

myocarditis (82%) than pericarditis (39%) case patients were hospitalized. Follow-up varies 

based on the timing of the report and the availability of healthcare records. Most hospitalized 

patients had recovered from symptoms at the time of follow-up. Among 729,720 v-safeSM 

participants aged ≥18 years who reported a booster dose, no unusual or unexpected findings or 

new safety concerns were identified. 

In summary, active surveillance in VSD and passive surveillance in VAERS suggests an 

increased risk of myocarditis/pericarditis following the first mRNA COVID-19 booster 

vaccination. For myocarditis, the findings are consistent with those observed with primary series 

vaccination, but the risk appears to be lower following the first booster dose compared to Dose 

2 of the primary series. Risk of myocarditis is highest in younger males with onset clustering 

within 0–7 days of the first booster vaccination. Pericarditis is less common, more evenly 

distributed between males and females, and more evenly distributed across age groups. Local 

and systemic reactogenicity and health impacts appear similar or attenuated for the first mRNA 

COVID-19 booster vaccination compared to Dose 2 of the primary series. Monitoring is ongoing. 

VaST Assessment

H. Keipp Talbot, MD MPH (VaST Chair) presented the findings from VaST on its safety 

assessment of booster doses. As a reminder, the objectives of VaST are to: 1) review, evaluate, 

and interpret post-authorization/approval COVID-19 vaccination safety data; 2) serve as the 

central hub for technical subject matter expertise from federal agencies conducting postauthorization/approval safety monitoring; 3) advise on analyses, interpretation, and presentation 

of vaccine safety data; and 4) provide updates to the ACIP COVID-19 Vaccines WG and the 

entire ACIP on COVID-19 vaccine safety. VaST has convened 44 meetings to review vaccine 

safety data from December 21, 2020 to the present. 

VaST has provided assessments on booster dose safety during 4 ACIP meetings. The 

presentation during this session included VaST’s assessment of data from the VSD, v-safeSM, 

VAERS, and Veteran’s Affairs (VA). The findings from this assessment were that reactogenicity 

is similar to or lower than that seen after the primary series. Myocarditis risk appears lower than 

after Dose 2 from a primary series. Further work and analyses are needed to understand 

pericarditis risk. While available data do not suggest safety concerns beyond those previously 

identified, VaST will carefully monitor data on myocarditis and pericarditis after booster doses

and will review further safety regarding booster doses as those data become available, 

collaborate with global vaccine safety colleagues on key issues, and provide updates to the 

ACIP COVID 19 Vaccines WG and the full ACIP during future meetings.
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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Updates to the EtR Framework: COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Doses in Adults Ages ≥50 

years and Immunocompromised Individuals

Sara Oliver, MD, MSPH (CDC/NCIRD) provided updates to the EtR Framework on a second 

COVID-19 booster dose in adults ≥50 years of age and immunocompromised individuals. The 

policy question for this analysis was, “Do the balance of benefits and risks warrant an update to 

COVID-19 vaccine policy, allowing adults aged ≥50 years and persons with moderate to severe 

immunocompromise aged ≥12 years to receive a second booster of an mRNA COVID-19 

vaccine?”

To summarize the public health problem, the current 7-day average of COVID-19 cases is 

approximately 4% of the peak seen during the Omicron surge. COVID-19 related hospitalization 

admissions and deaths also continue to decline from the recent winter Omicron surge. COVID19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths have been 2 to 20 times higher in unvaccinated 

individuals in recent months compared to vaccinated individuals. VE for 3 doses (e.g., primary 

series + booster) in immunocompetent older adults remains high, especially for more severe 

outcomes.

In summary of the benefits and harms, data from Israel demonstrate increased immune 

response after a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Higher rates of infection and severe illness 

have been observed in 3-dose recipients compared to 4-dose recipients. The greatest benefit 

from vaccination is achieved from receipt of the primary series and the first booster dose. 

Additional benefits may be achieved through receipt of a second booster dose. Known and 

possible benefits outweigh risks, including theoretical risks, in terms of individual factors that 

influence the magnitude of benefits for a second booster. Additional data will be monitored to 

inform theoretical risks. 

To summarize values and acceptability based on surveys regarding booster doses, 60% to 80%

of adult respondents stated that they may get a second booster dose. This varied by age and

race/ethnicity. Approximately 20% of boosted adults ≥50 years of age stated that they would 

prefer a vaccine focused on new variants, while 10% stated that they either would get a vaccine 

now or in the Fall, but not both. Strong healthcare provider (HCP) recommendations were found 

to be influential in the decision to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine doses. 

In terms of feasibility, among people who are fully vaccinated, approximately 52% of people 50-

64 years of age and 67% of people ≥65 years of age have received a COVID-19 vaccine

booster dose. At the time of authorization, approximately 30 million people were eligible at least 

4 months after their previous dose (e.g., about 10 million eligible individuals 50-64 years of age 

and about 20 million eligible individuals ≥65 years of age). Based on the timing of

recommendations, people with immunocompromised conditions would not be eligible for second 

booster (5 total doses) until May 13, 2022 at the earliest. The number of people reportedly 

getting vaccinated has nearly tripled since the authorization of second booster doses to an 

average of 447,000 per day in the week ending April 8, 2022 compared with 160,000 per day in 

the week ending March 29, 2022. As of April 19, 2022, approximately 1.1 million second

COVID-19 vaccine booster doses have been given in adults 50–64 years of age and 3.2 million 

second booster doses have been given in adults ≥65 years of age since authorization. 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

6

Racial and ethnic minority groups are under-represented in the population ≥65 years of age, 

both overall and among those with COVID-19-associated hospitalizations. COVID-19-

associated hospitalizations among adults 50-64 years of age are more consistent with the 

underlying population. Underlying medical conditions are more prevalent in racial and ethnic 

minority groups. A second booster recommendation for adults ≥50 years of age may prevent 

COVID-19 among persons from racial and ethnic minority groups and persons with underlying 

medical conditions.

The COVID-19 Vaccine WG’s interpretation is that the primary goal of COVID-19 vaccines is 

prevention of severe disease. The secondary goals are maintaining workforce and healthcare 

capacity, reducing infection rates and risk of transmission, improving mental health with more 

social interactions, and prevention of post-COVID conditions. COVID-19 vaccines continue to 

offer high levels of protection against severe disease, especially for individuals who have 

received a booster dose. While vaccines are a critical aspect of protection against severe 

COVID-19, monoclonal antibodies and antivirals are also essential. Continued research into 

vaccines that may also have prolonged protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., mucosal 

vaccines) is important. 

In terms of adults ≥50 years of age, the risk of COVID-19 increase with age. A second booster 

(4 total doses) for older adults can help ensure that those at risk are protected from severe 

disease. Current VE data shows limited waning for immunocompetent adults after a third dose. 

Although there are lower COVID-19 case counts and hospitalization rates currently, there may 

be recommendations for additional COVID-19 vaccines in the future. The WG supported 

recommendation that adults ≥50 years of age may receive a second COVID-19 vaccine booster 

dose.

For immunocompromised individuals ≥12 years of age, the WG interpretation was that the 

earliest eligibility for the second booster (5th dose) would be mid-May based on the timing of 

previous recommendations. VE data are currently available from a third dose in the primary 

series, but there are no VE data from the currently recommended first booster (4th dose). There 

are lower COVID-19 case counts and hospitalization rates currently; however, 

immunocompromised individuals likely remain at higher risk for severe outcomes. Therefore, it 

is important that immunocompromised individuals receive all doses of the primary series 

including additional doses and a first booster dose. The WG supported the recommendation that 

immunocompromised individuals ≥12 years of age may receive a second COVID-19 vaccine 

booster dose. 

Recommendations that individuals may receive a COVID-19 vaccine second booster reflect 

current conditions in the pandemic, including that there is wide availability of COVID-19 

vaccines, high protection against severe disease from a primary series and first booster dose, 

low rates of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations, and use of antivirals and monoclonal 

antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. As the second booster is already authorized and available, 

recommendations can be rapidly adjusted if the COVID-19 epidemiology changes in the future. 

The current recommendation allows for flexibility in terms of giving patients and providers 

access to this vaccine dose and the ability to decide based on individual factors and timing. 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

7 

CDC Guidance for a Second COVID-19 Booster Dose

Elisha Hall, PhD, RD (CDC/NCIRD) discussed CDC’s interim clinical guidance for a second 

COVID-19 booster dose, The Interim Clinical Considerations provide guidance that some 

populations may receive a second booster dose using an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at least 4 

months after the first booster dose. This includes people ≥50 years of age, people ≥12 years of 

age who are moderately or severely immunocompromised, and people ages ≥18 years of age 

who received Janssen vaccine as both primary and booster doses. The second booster dose 

should be an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna). Janssen COVID-19 

vaccine is not authorized for use as a second booster. Booster doses may be heterologous, but 

eligible people 12–17 years of age can receive only Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The 

dosage is the same as the first booster dose: Pfizer-BioNTech (gray or purple cap) 0.3 mL (30 

mcg) or Moderna (red cap): 0.25 mL (50 mcg).

CDC recommends everyone get up-to-date (UTD) with their COVID-19 vaccinations. Being UTD 

means a person has received all recommended doses in their primary vaccine series and a 

booster dose when eligible. Receipt of a second booster dose is not necessary to be considered 

UTD at this time.

Eligible people who may consider getting a second booster dose as soon as possible include:

• People with certain underlying medical conditions that increase the risk of severe 

COVID-19 illness

• People who are moderately or severely immunocompromised

• People who live with someone who is immunocompromised, at increased risk for severe 

disease, or who cannot be vaccinated due to age or contraindication

• People at increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, such as through occupational, 

institutional, or other activities (e.g., travel or large gatherings)

• People living or working in an area where the COVID-19 community level is medium or 

high

Eligible people who may consider waiting to receive a second booster include:

• People with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection within the past 3 months

• People who may be hesitant about getting another recommended booster dose in the 

future, as a booster dose may be more important in the fall and/or if a variant-specific 

vaccine is needed

To reinforce what was mentioned earlier, 2 of the 3 groups are authorized under EUA, people 

50 years of age and older and people 12 years of age and older who are moderately or severely 

immunocompromised. The third group, people 18 years of age and older who received 2 doses 

of Janssen vaccine, are authorized through EUI. Regardless of the regulatory mechanism, a 

second booster may be given to a person from any of these 3 groups. CDC will be creating 

educational materials for providers and the public to facilitate a conversation around the second 

booster dose based on individual circumstances. 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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Framework for Future COVID-19 Doses and Next Steps

Sara Oliver MD, MSPH (CDC/NCIRD) presented a framework for future doses of COVID-19 

vaccine doses for each of the EtR domains. Regarding the public health problem, COVID-19 

epidemiology has been unpredictable to date, without a defined seasonality. Winter surges have 

been noted in the last 2 years, but it likely will be difficult to predict the timing of future surges. 

With regard to benefits and harms, it will be important to define the goal of future doses of 

COVID-19 vaccines in terms of prevention of infection/transmission versus prevention of severe 

disease. Prevention of infection/transmission is time-limited and would require timing of vaccine 

roll-out just prior to any increase in COVID-19 cases. A focus on prevention of severe disease is 

more durable and would allow more flexibility in timing of future vaccine rollouts. Preserving the 

capacity of healthcare infrastructure in winter is likely to be important. Data may support 

different recommendations for general population and vulnerable populations. Vaccines that 

prompt a diverse immune response likely provide better protection against current and possible 

future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Considerations for diverse immune response from COVID-19

vaccines include the time between recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines, possibly

expanding vaccines to include additional SARS-CoV-2 variants, and possibly expanding to 

include different COVID-19 vaccine platforms (e.g., protein subunit vaccines). 

Regarding feasibility, it is important to have COVID-19 vaccine policy that is simple. Policies that 

differ by type of vaccine for current and previous doses are difficult. For many vaccines,

recommendations are not dependent on the type of vaccine received previously. Vaccines 

based on timing (e.g., annual boosters) may be easier to communicate than number (e.g., 

second booster, fourth dose, et cetera). For every COVID-19 vaccine dose recommended, 

uptake declines. It is important to ensure that acceptability and uptake are higher when the 

public health need for protection from a COVID-19 vaccine is more critical. 

To summarize the WG’s considerations, policy around future doses requires continued 

evaluation of COVID-19 epidemiology and VE, including the impact of both time and variants 

and the ability of doses to improve protection. Evolution of COVID-19 vaccines will be important 

as SARS-CoV-2 virus evolves. This may involve evolution of the strains included in the vaccines 

as well as the vaccine platform. Vaccine policy that is simple and easy to communicate and 

implement will be important to optimize uptake and should balance simplicity with need to 

provide optimal protection to vulnerable populations. Consideration must be given to the impact 

of each COVID-19 vaccine recommendation in terms of time and resources of pharmacies, 

providers, and public health staff; the effect on vaccine confidence and uptake; incremental 

balance of benefits and risks; and monitoring for any negative impact of repeated boosting on 

antibody titers. 

Regarding next steps, FDA and CDC will continue to partner for future discussions. ACIP will 

continue to review additional data on COVID-19 epidemiology, genomic surveillance, and VE 

and manufacturer data on safety, immunogenicity, and possible efficacy of variant-specific 

vaccines. Discussions around feasibility, implementation, and balance of benefit and risks by 

age group and population will inform the timing and populations for future doses of COVID-19 

vaccines. 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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ACIP MEMBERSHIP ROSTER 

CHAIR 

LEE, Grace M, MD, MPH 

Associate Chief Medical Officer for Practice Innovation 

Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital 

Professor of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine 

Stanford, CA 

Term: 8/4/2021 – 6/30/2023

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

WHARTON, Melinda, MD, MPH

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta, GA

MEMBERS 

AULT, Kevin A, MD, FACOG, FIDSA 

Professor and Division Director 

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of 

Kansas Medical Center 

Kansas City, KS 

Term: 10/26/2018 – 6/30/2022 

 

BAHTA, Lynn, RN, MPH, CPH 

Immunization Program Clinical Consultant 

Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Prevention & Control Division 

Minnesota Department of Health 

Saint Paul, Minnesota 

Term: 7/1/2019 – 6/30/2023

 

BELL, Beth P, MD, MPH 

Clinical Professor 

Department of Global Health, School of Public Health 

University of Washington 

Seattle, WA 

Term: 7/1/2019 – 6/30/2023 

BROOKS, Oliver, MD, FAAP

Chief Medical Officer

Watts HealthCare Corporation

Los Angeles, CA

Past President, National Medical Association

Term: 7/26/2021 – 6/30/2025
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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CHEN, Wilbur H, MD, MS, FACP, FIDSA 

Professor of Medicine 

Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health 

University of Maryland School of Medicine 

Baltimore, MD 

Term: 12/23/2020 – 6/30/2024 

CINEAS, Sybil, MD, FAAP, FACP

Associate Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Medical Science (Clinical)

The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Associate Program Director

Brown Combined Residency in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics

Providence, RI

Term: 7/28/2021 – 6/30/2025

DALEY, Matthew F, MD 

Senior Investigator 

Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado 

Associate Professor of Pediatrics 

University of Colorado School of Medicine 

Aurora, CO 

Term: 1/4/2021 – 6/30/2024 

 

KOTTON, Camille Nelson, MD, FIDSA, FAST 

Clinical Director, Transplant and Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases 

Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital 

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School 

Boston, MA 

Term: 12/23/2020 – 6/30/2024 

LOEHR, Jamie, MD, FAAFP

Owner, Cayuga Family Medicine

Ithaca, New York

Term: 7/26/2021 – 6/30/2025

 

LONG, Sarah S, MD 

Professor of Pediatrics 

Drexel University College of Medicine 

Section of Infectious Diseases 

St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

Term: 12/24/2020 – 6/30/2024 

 

MCNALLY, Veronica V, JD 

President and CEO Franny 

Strong Foundation 

West Bloomfield, Michigan 

Term: 10/31/2018 – 6/30/2022 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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POEHLING, Katherine A, MD, MPH 

Professor of Pediatrics and Epidemiology and Prevention 

Director, Pediatric Population Health 

Department of Pediatrics 

Wake Forest School of Medicine 

Winston-Salem, NC 

Term: 7/1/2019 – 6/30/2023 

 

SÁNCHEZ, Pablo J, MD 

Professor of Pediatrics 

The Ohio State University – Nationwide Children’s Hospital 

Divisions of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Pediatric Infectious Diseases 

Director, Clinical & Translational Research (Neonatology) 

Center for Perinatal Research 

The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Ohio 

Term: 7/1/2019 – 6/30/2023 

TALBOT, Helen Keipp, MD 

Associate Professor of Medicine 

Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, TN 

Term: 10/29/2018 – 6/30/2022 

EX OFFICIO MEMBERS 

 

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 

HANCE, Mary Beth 

Senior Policy Advisor 

Division of Quality, Evaluations and Health Outcomes 

Children and Adults Health Programs Group 

Center for Medicaid, CHIP and Survey & Certification Centers 

for Medicare and Medicaid Services 

Baltimore, MD 

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 

FINK, Doran, MD, PhD 

Deputy Director, Clinical, Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications 

Office of Vaccines Research and Review 

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research 

Food and Drug Administration 

Silver Spring, MD 

 

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) 

RUBIN, Mary, MD 

Chief Medical Officer 

Division of Injury Compensation Programs 

Rockville, MD 

 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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Indian Health Service (IHS) 

CLARK, Matthew, MD, FAAP, FACP

Physician

Chair, IHS National Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee

Durango, CO

 

Office of Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS Policy (OIDP)

KIM, David, MD, MA 

Director, Division of Vaccines, OIDP 

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health 

Department of Health and Human Services 

Washington, DC 

 

National Institutes of Health (NIH) 

BEIGEL, John, MD 

Associate Director for Clinical Research 

Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 

Bethesda, MD 

LIAISON REPRESENTATIVES 

American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)

ROCKWELL, Pamela G, DO 

Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of 

Michigan Medical School 

Medical Director, Dominos Farms Family Medicine 

Ann Arbor, MI 

 

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 

MALDONADO, Yvonne, MD 

Senior Associate Dean for Faculty Development and Diversity 

Professor of Pediatrics and Health Research and Policy 

Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 

Stanford University School of Medicine 

Stanford, CA 

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 

Red Book Editor

KIMBERLIN, David, MD 

Professor of Pediatrics 

Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 

The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine

Birmingham, AL 

 

American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) 

LÉGER, Marie-Michèle, MPH, PA-C 

Senior Director, Clinical and Health Affairs 

American Academy of Physician Assistants 

Alexandria, VA 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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American College Health Association (ACHA) 

CHAI, Thevy S., MD 

Director of Medical Services 

Campus Health Services 

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, 

NC 

 

American College Health Association (ACHA) (alternate) 

MCMULLEN, Sharon, RN, MPH, FACHA 

Assistant Vice President of Student & Campus Life for Health and Wellbeing Cornell Health 

Ithaca, NY 

 

American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) 

HAYES, Carol E., CNM, MN, MPH 

Lead Clinician 

Clinical Quality Compliance and Management 

Planned Parenthood Southeast Atlanta, GA 

 

American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) (alternate) 

MEHARRY, Pamela M., PHD, CNM 

Midwifery Educator, Human Resources for Health 

In partnership with University of Rwanda and University of Illinois, Chicago 

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) 

ECKERT, Linda O, MD, FACOG 

Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology 

Adjunct Professor, Department of Global Health 

University of Washington 

Seattle, WA 

 

American College of Physicians (ACP) 

GOLDMAN, Jason M, MD, FACP 

Affiliate Assistant Professor of Clinical Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca 

Raton, Florida 

Private Practice 

Coral Springs, FL 

American Geriatrics Society (AGS) 

SCHMADER, Kenneth, MD 

Professor of Medicine-Geriatrics Geriatrics 

Division Chief 

Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers 

Durham, NC 

 

America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) 

GLUCKMAN, Robert A, MD, MACP 

Chief Medical Officer, Providence Health Plans 

Beaverton, OR 

 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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American Immunization Registry Association (AIRA) 

COYLE, Rebecca, MSEd 

Executive Director, AIRA

Washington, DC 

 

American Medical Association (AMA)

FRYHOFER, Sandra Adamson, MD 

Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine Emory 

University School of Medicine 

Atlanta, GA 

 

American Nurses Association (ANA) 

RITTLE, Charles (Chad), DNP, MPH, RN Assistant 

Professor, Nursing Faculty 

Chatham University, School of Health Sciences 

Pittsburgh, PA 

 

American Osteopathic Association (AOA) 

GROGG, Stanley E, DO 

Associate Dean/Professor of Pediatrics 

Oklahoma State University-Center for Health Sciences 

Tulsa, OK 

American Pharmacists Association (APhA) 

HOGUE, Michael D., PharmD, FAPhA, FNAP

Dean and Professor of Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy

Director, Center for Interprofessional Education & Practice

Loma Linda, CA

Association of Immunization Managers (AIM) 

HOWELL, Molly, MPH 

Immunization Program Manager 

North Dakota Department of Health

Bismarck, ND 

Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (APTR) 

ZIMMERMAN, Richard, MD, MPH

Professor

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology

Pittsburgh, PA

Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) 

SHAH, Nirav D, MD, JD 

Director

Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Augusta, ME 

 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) 

ARTHUR, Phyllis A, MBA 

Senior Director, Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics and Diagnostics Policy 

Washington, DC 

 

Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) 

HAHN, Christine, MD 

State Epidemiologist 

Office of Epidemiology, Food Protection and Immunization Idaho 

Department of Health and Welfare 

Boise, ID 

 

Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) (alternate) 

LETT, Susan, MD, MPH 

Medical Director, Immunization Program 

Division of Epidemiology and Immunization 

Massachusetts Department of Public Health 

Boston, MA 

Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) 

DEEKS, Shelley, MD, MHSc, FRCPC, FAFPHM

Deputy Chief Medical Officer of Health, Department of Health and Wellness, Nova Scotia

Associate Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto

Chair, National Advisory Committee on Immunization

Halifax, Nova Scotia

Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 

BAKER, Carol J., MD 

Professor of Pediatrics 

Molecular Virology and Microbiology 

Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, TX 

International Society for Travel Medicine (ISTM) 

BARNETT, Elizabeth D, MD Professor of 

Pediatrics 

Boston University School of Medicine 

Boston, MA 

 

National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)

ZAHN, Matthew, MD 

Medical Director, Epidemiology 

Orange County Health Care Agency 

Santa Ana, CA 

 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) (alternate)

DUCHIN, Jeffrey, MD 

Health Officer and Chief, Communicable Disease

Epidemiology and Immunization Section 

Public Health - Seattle and King County 

Professor in Medicine 

Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 

University of Washington School of Medicine and School of Public Health

Seattle, WA 

 

National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) 

STINCHFIELD, Patricia A, RN, MS, CPNP 

Director 

Infectious Disease/Immunology/Infection Control

Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota 

St. Paul, MN 

 

National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) 

SCHAFFNER, William, MD 

Chairman, Department of Preventive Medicine 

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 

Nashville, TN 

 

National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) (alternate)

DALTON, Marla, PE, CAE 

Executive Director & CEO 

National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) 

Bethesda, MD 

National Medical Association (NMA) 

WHITLEY-WILLIAMS, Patricia, MD Professor and Chair 

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood 

Johnson Medical School 

New Brunswick, NJ 

Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) 

O’LEARY, Sean, MD, MPH 

Associate Professor of Pediatrics 

Pediatric Infectious Diseases 

General Academic Pediatrics 

Children’s Hospital Colorado 

University of Colorado School of Medicine 

 

Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) (alternate)

SAWYER, Mark H, MD 

Professor of Clinical Pediatrics 

University of California, San Diego School of Medicine 

San Diego, CA 

 
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) 

ROBERTSON, Corey, MD, MPH 

Senior Director, US Medical, Sanofi Pasteur 

Swiftwater, PA 

 

Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM) 

MIDDLEMAN, Amy B, MD, MSEd, MPH 

Professor of Pediatrics 

Chief, Section of Adolescent Medicine 

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, OK 

Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)

DREES, Marci, MD, MS 

Chief Infection Prevention Officer & Hospital Epidemiologist 

ChristianaCare 

Wilmington, DE 

Associate Professor of Medicine 

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA
ACIP Meeting Summary April 20, 2022

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ACRONYMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT

ACIP Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

AE Adverse Event

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ED Emergency Department

ET Eastern Time

EtR Evidence to Recommendation 

EUA Emergency Use Authorization 

EUI COVID-19 Vaccine Emergency Use Instructions 

FDA Food and Drug Administration

HCP Healthcare Personnel / Providers

HCW Healthcare Workers

HHS (Department of) Health and Human Services

ICATT Increasing Community Access to Testing Partnership

J&J Johnson & Johnson

RCA Rapid Cycle Analysis

SAE Serious Adverse Event 

UC Urgent Care 

UK United Kingdom

US United States

VA (US Department of) Veteran’s Affairs 

VAERS Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System

VaST Vaccine Safety Technical Subgroup 

VE Vaccine Efficacy

VE Vaccine Effectiveness

VSD Vaccine Safety Datalink

WG Work Group