Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search


Español  Other Languages


Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People
 Search
		×
			Vaccines site
			Vaccines site
				All CDC
				Submit
			For a full list of topics:A-Z Index
			Advanced Search
		Advanced Search


For Immunization Managers








Intent to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine and Behavioral and Social Drivers of Vaccination by Race and Ethnicity, National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module — United States, October 31–December 31, 2021						Print
																Related Pages
										Jennifer L. Kriss, PhD1,2; Mei-Chuan Hung, PhD1,2,3; Anup Srivastav, PhD1,2,3; Carla L. Black, PhD1,2; Peng-jun Lu, MD1,2; David Yankey, PhD1,2; Laurie D. Elam-Evans, PhD2; James A. Singleton, PhD1,2
1CDC COVID-19 Response Team
2Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
3Leidos, Inc., Atlanta, GeorgiaSummary
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups [1,2]. Equitable vaccination can reduce disparities in COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality [3]. Disparities in initiation of COVID-19 vaccination were present for racial and ethnic minority groups early in the rollout of COVID-19 vaccine, but several of these disparities have since narrowed or disappeared [4]. For example, at the end of April 2021, vaccination coverage with ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine was 10-15 percentage points lower among Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic (Black), and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander* (NH/OPI) adults than it was among White non-Hispanic (White) adults, and was 15-25 percentage points lower among multiple or other race and American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults than among White adults. By the end of November 2021, Hispanic and Asian adults had higher vaccination coverage (≥1 dose) than White adults. Black and NH/OPI adults’ vaccination coverage was not significantly different than that of White adults. Disparities had narrowed, but remained, for AI/AN and multiple/other race adults nationally and for Black, Hispanic, and NH/OPI adults in some geographic areas and sociodemographic categories [4].
This report assesses the sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination intent, and behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) of vaccination among adults, during October 31-December 31, 2021. The objective of this report is to describe the characteristics associated with being unvaccinated and either having intent to get vaccinated or being reluctant to get vaccinated, and to examine the potential reasons for non-vaccination.
During October 31-December 31, 2021, a higher proportion of NH/OPI (12.8%), Black (11.2%), AI/AN (10.3%), multiple/other race (9.4%), and Hispanic (9.3%) adults were unvaccinated but reported they definitely or probably will get vaccinated or were unsure (‘reachable’), compared with White adults (6.2%), indicating potential for vaccination coverage to continue to increase among these populations. Within most races and ethnicities, the proportion who were reachable was highest among those who lived in the Midwest or South, were 18-29 years of age, had household incomes below poverty, or were uninsured. Reluctance to get vaccinated (reported they probably will not or definitely will not get vaccinated) was highest among AI/AN (29.1%), multiple/other race (23.5%), and White (14.8%) adults, and lowest among Black (10.2%), Hispanic (8.9%), and Asian (2.3%) adults. A substantial proportion of unvaccinated but reachable adults of all races/ethnicities were concerned about getting COVID-19 (24.1%–48.1%) and thought that the vaccine was important (41.3%–68.6%) and safe (23.0%–47.1%).
Methods
The National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module (NIS-ACM) is a random-digit-dialed cellular telephone survey of adults age ≥18 years in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and selected local areas and U.S. territories. Survey respondents from October 31, 2021 through December 31, 2021, who reported their race/ethnicity (97.3%) were included in this analysis. Monthly survey response rates were 23.4% (October 31-November 27) and 23.0% (November 28-December 31).
**Measures**. The survey included questions about COVID-19 vaccination status and intent, behavioral and social drivers of vaccination, and sociodemographic characteristics. COVID-19 vaccination status and intent were assessed by two questions: “*Have you received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?*” and if not, “*How likely are you to get a COVID-19 vaccine? Would you say you would definitely get a vaccine, probably get a vaccine, probably not get a vaccine, definitely not get a vaccine, or are not sure?*” Two vaccination intent categories were created: (1) reachable, combining those who reported they definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or were unsure, and (2) reluctant to get vaccinated, combining those who reported they probably will not or definitely will not get vaccinated. Behavioral and social drivers of vaccination were assessed among respondents who were classified as reachable, and among all respondents who were unvaccinated. Behavioral and social drivers of vaccination include topics in the key domains of thinking and feeling (concern about getting COVID-19, confidence in COVID-19 vaccine importance, confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety), social processes (healthcare provider recommended COVID-19 vaccine, friends and family are vaccinated), and practical issues (difficulty getting a COVID-19 vaccine, work or school requires a COVID-19 vaccine) [5]. Race/ethnicity was self-reported and based on the questions “*Are you of Hispanic or Latino origin?*” and “*Please choose one or more of the following categories to describe your race. Are you White, Black or African American, American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander?*” Persons were categorized into mutually exclusive categories of race and ethnicity; persons not reporting they were Hispanic were categorized by their reported race(s).
**Analysis**. Weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for each race/ethnicity category overall, and by U.S. Census region, urbanicity, age group, annual household income, and health insurance. Data were weighted to represent the non-institutionalized U.S. adult population and calibrated to state-level vaccine administration data reported to CDC. Analyses were conducted using SAS (version 9.4) and SUDAAN (version 11; RTI International).
Results
**Vaccination Intent.**Overall, a higher proportion were unvaccinated but reachable among NH/OPI (12.8%), Black non-Hispanic (11.2%), AI/AN (10.3%), multiple/other race (9.4%), and Hispanic (9.3%) adults, compared with White non-Hispanic adults (6.2%) [Table 1], indicating potential for vaccination coverage to continue to increase among these populations. The proportion who were reachable was lower among Asian adults (2.2%); most Asian adults were already vaccinated (95.5%).
Within most races/ethnicities, the proportion who were reachable was highest among those living in the Midwest (range: 6.1% Asian to 21.8% NH/OPI) or South (range: 2.4% Asian to 16.0% NH/OPI), in the 18-29 age group (range: 3.5% Asian to 22.2% Black), with household incomes below poverty (range: 1.6% Asian to 15.7% multiple/other race), or who were uninsured (range: 9.5% AI/AN to 29.6% NH/OPI). Across all races/ethnicities, the smallest reachable proportion was among adults ages ≥65 years (range: 0.3% Asian to 3.0% Black).
**Vaccination Reluctance.** Reluctance to get vaccinated (those who said they probably will not or definitely will not get vaccinated) differed by race and ethnicity, and was highest among AI/AN (29.1%) and multiple/other race (23.5%) adults. Vaccine reluctance was lower among Black (10.2%), Hispanic (8.9%), and Asian (2.3%) adults than among White (14.8%) adults.
Across all races and ethnicities, vaccine reluctance was lowest among adults ages ≥65 years (range: 0.0% NH/OPI to 16.9% AI/AN); age was inversely associated with vaccine reluctance, with the highest reluctance among AI/AN adults ages 18–29 years (33.6%) and 30–49 years (35.4%), and NH/OPI adults ages 18–29 years (32.1%). Across all races and ethnicities, vaccine reluctance was lowest in the Northeast, and was highest in the Midwest (White, Black, Hispanic, AI/AN, NH/OPI) or South (Asian, multiple/other race). Asian adults in most sociodemographic groups had very low reluctance (0.1%-3.6%), except in non-metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) (22.7%) and among those who were uninsured (6.2%). Reluctance to get vaccinated was higher among AI/AN adults than among all other races and ethnicities overall and in all sociodemographic categories except non-MSAs and below poverty. Vaccine reluctance was higher in non-MSAs than in MSAs among White (22.7%), Asian (22.7%), and multiple/other race (40.5%) adults, but not among Black (10.0%) or AI/AN adults (19.9%).
**Behavioral and Social Drivers of Vaccination.**Among those who were reachable, the proportions of adults perceiving risk of COVID-19 and confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety and importance varied by races/ethnicities: 24.1% to 48.1% were very or moderately concerned about getting COVID-19; 41.3% to 68.6% thought the vaccine is very or somewhat important; and 23.0% to 47.1% thought the vaccine is completely or very safe [Table 2]. Black adults who were reachable were the most concerned about getting COVID-19 (48.1% very or moderately concerned) and the most likely to think the vaccine is important (68.6% very or somewhat important). AI/AN adults who were reachable were most likely to think the vaccine is safe (47.1% completely or very safe) and to have received a healthcare provider recommendation for the vaccine (48.9%). NH/OPI adults who were reachable report the most anticipated difficulty getting a vaccine (20.5% very or somewhat difficult); anticipated difficulty varies for other race/ethnicity groups (range: 11.3% among Asian to 17.4% among multiple/other race adults).
Table 3 shows the behavioral and social drivers of vaccination by race/ethnicity among all unvaccinated adults. These results can be used to understand the attitudes and experiences among the combined group of unvaccinated persons across levels of intent.
Discussion
This analysis found that substantial proportions of adults were concerned about getting COVID-19 and think the vaccine is important and safe, yet remain unvaccinated. Adults of all races and ethnicities who were reachable were more concerned about getting COVID-19, more likely to think that a COVID-19 vaccine was important and safe, and were more likely to have friends and family who were vaccinated, compared with those who were reluctant to get vaccinated. Public health efforts might have more impact among the reachable population. There is potential for vaccination coverage to increase among racial/ethnic minority groups; compared with White adults, more Black, Hispanic, AI/AN, and NH/OPI adults were still reachable as of October-December 2021. In particular, in the sociodemographic groups where disparities in vaccination coverage remain (such as the Midwest, urban areas, and the 18-29 age group) [4], fewer Black and Hispanic than White adults reported that they probably will not or definitely will not get vaccinated; there is the potential for improvements in vaccination coverage among these groups if evidence-based interventions are implemented [6]. Across all races/ethnicities and sociodemographic groups, the largest proportion of unvaccinated but reachable adults tended to be in the sociodemographic categories that are most marginalized (below poverty, uninsured), suggesting these populations may face barriers to vaccine access. Continued efforts to improve vaccination should seek to understand and address barriers among reachable adults and ways to improve vaccine confidence among those who remain reluctant to get vaccinated.
Limitations
The findings in this report are subject to several limitations. First, response rates for NIS-ACM were relatively low, although similar to other NIS surveys.† Data were weighted to mitigate possible bias resulting from incomplete sample frame (exclusion of households with no phone service or only landline telephones) or non-response, but some selection bias may persist. Second, all responses are self-reported. Vaccination receipt and intent may be subject to recall or social desirability bias. Third, the survey sampled U.S. adults who were non-institutionalized, so adults who are incarcerated or nursing home residents may not be represented.
Disclaimer
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Statement on Research Determination
This activity was reviewed by CDC and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy. C.F.R. part 46.102(l)(2), 21 C.F.R. part 56; 42 U.S.C. Sect. 241(d); 5 U.S.C. Sect. 552a; 44 U.S.C. Sect. 3501 et seq.
References
Mackey K, Ayers CK, Kondo KK, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related infections, hospitalizations, and deaths: a systematic review**.**Ann Intern Med. 2021 Mar;174(3):362-73.
Bilal U, Jemmott JB, Schnake-Mahl A, et al. Racial/ethnic and neighbourhood social vulnerability disparities in COVID-19 testing positivity, hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality in a large hospital system in Pennsylvania: A prospective study of electronic health records. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022 Jun;10:100220.
Truman BI, Chang M, Moonesinghe R. Provisional COVID-19 Age-Adjusted Death Rates, by Race and Ethnicity — United States, 2020–2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(17):601-5.
Kriss JL, Hung M-C, Srivastav A, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, by Race and Ethnicity — National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, December 2020–November 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(23).
Brewer N. What Works to Increase Vaccination Uptake. Acad Pediatr. 2021;May-Jun(16):S9-S16.
CDC. 12 COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies for Your Community: A Guide to Support the Work of Health Departments and Community Organizations Across the United States. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/vaccinate-with-confidence/community.html.* Race/ethnicity was assessed by the following two questions: “Are you of Hispanic or Latino origin?” and “Now, I am going to read a list of categories. Please choose one or more of the following categories to describe your race. Are you White, Black or African American, American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander?” Persons were categorized into mutually exclusive categories of race and ethnicity; persons not reporting they were Hispanic were categorized by their reported race(s).
†www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/nis/data-tables.htmlTop of Page
TABLE 1. COVID-19 vaccination* status and intent by race/ethnicity† and sociodemographic characteristics among adults ≥18 years— National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, October 31-December 31, 2021
TABLE 1. COVID-19 vaccination* status and intent by race/ethnicity† and sociodemographic characteristics among adults ≥18 years— National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, October 31-December 31, 2021
White, non-Hispanic (n=67,641)
Black, non-Hispanic (n=12,582)
Hispanic
(n=14,242)
AI/AN
(n=1,066)Vaccinated
(≥1 dose)
Definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or unsure (Reachable)
Probably or definitely will not get vaccinated (Reluctant)
Vaccinated
(≥1 dose)
Definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or unsure (Reachable)
Probably or definitely will not get vaccinated (Reluctant)
Vaccinated
(≥1 dose)
Definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or unsure (Reachable)
Probably or definitely will not get vaccinated (Reluctant)
Vaccinated
(≥1 dose)
Definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or unsure (Reachable)
Probably or definitely will not get vaccinated (Reluctant)% (95% CI)Overall
79.1 (78.4-79.8)
6.2 (5.7-6.6)
14.8 (14.1-15.4)
78.7 (76.9-80.3)
11.2 (10.0-12.5)
10.2 (8.9-11.6)
81.8 (80.4-83.1)
9.3 (8.3-10.4)
8.9 (8.0-10.0)
60.6 (53.3-67.5)
10.3 (7.0-14.8)
29.1 (22.3-37.0)Sociodemographic CharacteristicsU.S. Census regionNortheast
89.3 (88.0-90.4)
3.5 (2.9-4.4)
7.2 (6.3-8.2)
86.4 (83.3-89.1)
6.7 (5.0-8.9)
6.9 (4.9-9.5)
86.3 (83.3-88.8)
8.6 (6.6-11.2)
5.1 (3.7-7.0)
79.0 (54.7-92.2)
2.8 (1.1-7.0)
18.2 (5.8-44.5)Midwest
72.9 (71.2-74.5)
8.4 (7.3-9.6)
18.7 (17.3-20.3)
69.0 (63.8-73.9)
13.3 (10.2-17.0)
17.7 (13.5-22.9)
70.1 (65.3-74.5)
16.7 (13.2-20.9)
13.2 (9.9-17.4)
41.4 (26.9-57.5)
15.7 (8.5-27.2)
42.9 (24.9-63.0)South
75.2 (73.9-76.5)
6.8 (6.0-7.6)
18.0 (16.9-19.2)
79.0 (76.8-81.1)
12.2 (10.5-14.1)
8.8 (7.4-10.3)
78.5 (75.8-81.0)
10.1 (8.3-12.2)
11.4 (9.5-13.7)
48.2 (37.5-59.0)
10.8 (5.9-19.0)
41.1 (29.7-53.4)West
84.6 (83.3-85.8)
4.6 (3.9-5.5)
10.8 (9.8-11.9)
81.1 (75.2-86.0)
8.2 (5.1-12.7)
10.7 (7.0-16.0)
84.0 (81.6-86.1)
8.0 (6.4-9.9)
8.0 (6.6-9.7)
74.8 (62.6-84.0)
9.5 (4.3-19.6)
15.7 (8.3-27.8)Urbanicity§MSA, principal city
83.4 (82.1-84.6)
5.5 (4.8-6.4)
11.1 (10.1-12.2)
77.2 (74.5-79.8)
11.1 (9.5-13.1)
11.6 (9.6-14.1)
82.6 (80.4-84.6)
8.4 (7.1-10.1)
8.9 (7.5-10.7)
62.4 (49.1-74.1)
10.4 (6.4-16.4)
27.2 (15.9-42.4)MSA, non-principal city
80.2 (79.2-81.1)
5.8 (5.2-6.4)
14.0 (13.2-14.9)
79.8 (77.3-82.1)
11.4 (9.5-13.6)
8.8 (7.3-10.6)
82.5 (80.5-84.3)
9.0 (7.7-10.6)
8.5 (7.2-10.0)
51.5 (40.2-62.8)
11.7 (5.7-22.6)
36.7 (25.4-49.7)Non-MSA
69.0 (67.1-70.9)
8.3 (7.1-9.6)
22.7 (21.0-24.4)
79.8 (74.4-84.4)
10.2 (7.2-14.2)
10.0 (6.7-14.7)
71.8 (65.9-77.0)
16.0 (11.8-21.3)
12.3 (8.8-16.8)
72.4 (62.5-80.6)
7.7 (4.1-13.9)
19.9 (12.6-29.9)Age group, yrs18-29
62.7 (60.7-64.6)
13.2 (11.8-14.7)
24.2 (22.4-26.1)
60.9 (56.2-65.4)
22.2 (18.5-26.4)
16.9 (13.4-21.1)
71.6 (68.5-74.4)
15.6 (13.3-18.2)
12.8 (10.7-15.3)
44.9 (29.8-61.0)
21.6 (10.5-39.1)
33.6 (17.4-54.7)30-49
71.2 (69.8-72.7)
7.9 (7.0-9.0)
20.8 (19.6-22.2)
70.9 (67.7-73.9)
13.2 (11.1-15.5)
15.9 (13.4-18.8)
81.2 (78.9-83.3)
8.9 (7.4-10.7)
9.9 (8.4-11.7)
55.8 (45.3-65.9)
8.8 (5.3-14.2)
35.4 (25.5-46.8)50-64
83.6 (82.4-84.8)
4.0 (3.4-4.8)
12.3 (11.3-13.4)
88.9 (86.0-91.2)
7.2 (5.2-9.9)
3.9 (2.8-5.4)
90.4 (88.3-92.2)
4.5 (3.3-6.0)
5.1 (3.8-6.8)
62.9 (50.2-74.1)
10.4 (5.0-20.2)
26.7 (16.4-40.3)65+
94.8 (94.0-95.5)
1.5 (1.1-2.0)
3.7 (3.1-4.3)
94.8 (92.5-96.4)
3.0 (1.9-4.8)
2.2 (1.2-4.1)
96.8 (95.3-97.9)
1.9 (1.1-3.3)
1.3 (0.8-2.2)
81.3 (50.4-94.9)
1.9 (0.6-6.0)
16.9 (3.9-50.1)Household incomeBelow poverty
65.4 (62.2-68.4)
14.0 (11.8-16.7)
20.6 (18.1-23.3)
73.6 (68.7-77.9)
14.9 (11.6-19.1)
11.5 (8.6-15.3)
79.8 (76.4-82.8)
13.6 (11.0-16.7)
6.6 (4.9-8.7)
73.1 (57.9-84.3)
10.0 (5.1-18.7)
16.9 (7.5-33.7)Above poverty, <$75K
76.4 (75.0-77.7)
7.2 (6.4-8.1)
16.4 (15.2-17.6)
76.8 (73.6-79.7)
10.7 (8.8-12.8)
12.5 (10.1-15.5)
82.0 (79.6-84.2)
9.0 (7.3-11.1)
9.0 (7.5-10.8)
54.4 (43.1-65.3)
14.8 (7.6-27.0)
30.7 (20.5-43.2)Above poverty, ≥$75K
84.7 (83.7-85.7)
3.5 (3.1-4.1)
11.7 (10.9-12.6)
85.4 (82.1-88.1)
8.4 (6.2-11.3)
6.2 (4.6-8.4)
84.1 (81.2-86.7)
5.6 (4.1-7.6)
10.3 (8.2-12.9)
71.8 (60.8-80.6)
7.2 (3.4-14.8)
21.0 (13.1-32.0)Unknown income
77.9 (76.3-79.5)
6.5 (5.5-7.6)
15.6 (14.3-17.1)
77.9 (74.5-80.9)
12.3 (9.9-15.1)
9.8 (7.8-12.4)
80.6 (77.6-83.2)
9.9 (8.1-12.0)
9.5 (7.5-12.0)
51.9 (36.7-66.8)
7.3 (3.9-13.4)
40.7 (25.6-57.9)Health insuranceInsured
81.2 (80.5-81.9)
5.6 (5.2-6.0)
13.2 (12.6-13.9)
80.9 (79.1-82.6)
10.2 (9.0-11.6)
8.9 (7.7-10.2)
84.2 (82.6-85.6)
7.4 (6.4-8.6)
8.4 (7.4-9.6)
63.5 (55.6-70.6)
10.5 (6.9-15.6)
26.1 (19.2-34.4)Not insured
53.0 (49.7-56.2)
13.4 (11.1-16.0)
33.6 (30.6-36.9)
59.9 (53.6-65.8)
19.2 (15.0-24.2)
21.0 (15.7-27.4)
73.5 (70.1-76.7)
15.7 (13.3-18.5)
10.7 (8.5-13.5)
38.3 (21.1-58.9)
9.5 (4.3-19.9)
52.2 (31.2-72.4)
TABLE 1. COVID-19 vaccination* status and intent by race/ethnicity† and sociodemographic characteristics among adults ≥18 years— National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, October 31-December 31, 2021
Asian
(n=5,135)
NH/OPI
(n=504)
Multiple/other race
(n=3,695)Vaccinated
(≥1 dose)
Definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or unsure (Reachable)
Probably or definitely will not get vaccinated (Reluctant)
Vaccinated
(≥1 dose)
Definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or unsure (Reachable)
Probably or definitely will not get vaccinated (Reluctant)
Vaccinated
(≥1 dose)
Definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or unsure (Reachable)
Probably or definitely will not get vaccinated (Reluctant)% (95% CI)Overall
95.5 (93.7-96.8)
2.2 (1.4-3.6)
2.3 (1.4-3.8)
73.2 (61.9-82.1)
12.8 (7.1-21.9)
14.0 (7.4-25.1)
67.2 (63.5-70.6)
9.4 (7.4-11.9)
23.5 (20.3-27.0)Sociodemographic CharacteristicsU.S. Census regionNortheast
96.7 (94.1-98.1)
2.1 (1.0-4.4)
1.2 (0.4-3.3)
93.4 (70.5-98.8)
5.6 (0.8-31.4)
1.0 (0.2-4.0)
82.1 (74.7-87.7)
4.2 (2.1-8.4)
13.6 (8.6-20.9)Midwest
91.8 (79.8-96.9)
6.1 (1.7-19.2)
2.2 (0.5-9.0)
40.7 (17.5-68.9)
21.8 (4.5-62.2)
37.5 (13.5-69.7)
57.7 (49.4-65.6)
11.2 (7.1-17.4)
31.1 (23.4-39.9)South
94.5 (91.0-96.8)
2.4 (1.3-4.6)
3.0 (1.4-6.5)
54.3 (27.0-79.2)
16.0 (5.1-40.4)
29.7 (8.2-66.7)
55.3 (49.1-61.4)
11.8 (8.5-16.1)
32.9 (26.9-39.5)West
96.2 (93.2-97.9)
1.2 (0.5-2.8)
2.6 (1.2-5.6)
78.7 (64.9-88.1)
11.9 (5.3-24.4)
9.4 (3.7-22.1)
77.0 (70.2-82.6)
8.3 (4.8-14.2)
14.7 (10.4-20.5)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
96.0 (93.7-97.5)
2.4 (1.4-4.0)
1.6 (0.7-3.8)
82.0 (67.7-90.8)
5.2 (2.5-10.3)
12.8 (5.3-27.8)
70.8 (64.8-76.1)
11.2 (7.9-15.7)
18.0 (13.5-23.6)MSA, non-principal city
95.8 (92.9-97.6)
2.1 (0.9-5.0)
2.0 (1.0-4.1)
70.0 (54.1-82.2)
19.2 (9.6-34.6)
10.8 (3.9-26.7)
69.5 (63.9-74.5)
7.2 (4.7-10.9)
23.3 (18.6-28.7)Non-MSA
77.2 (50.6-91.8)
0.0 (0.0-0.3)
22.7 (8.2-49.4)
63.4 (27.3-88.9)
4.9 (1.6-13.8)
31.7 (7.8-71.8)
48.2 (39.7-56.8)
11.3 (6.7-18.4)
40.5 (31.9-49.7)Age group, yrs18-29
93.1 (88.5-96.0)
3.5 (1.6-7.6)
3.4 (1.6-7.1)
47.7 (27.4-68.8)
20.2 (9.1-39.0)
32.1 (13.3-59.2)
64.1 (56.9-70.6)
11.1 (7.2-16.8)
24.8 (18.9-31.8)30-49
95.3 (92.7-97.1)
2.1 (1.2-3.6)
2.6 (1.3-5.2)
71.0 (53.5-83.9)
18.1 (7.1-39.0)
10.9 (5.9-19.3)
59.4 (53.1-65.3)
12.1 (8.5-16.9)
28.5 (22.9-34.9)50-64
98.5 (97.1-99.2)
1.0 (0.4-2.3)
0.5 (0.2-1.3)
90.8 (79.2-96.2)
3.2 (1.0-10.3)
6.0 (1.8-17.7)
68.7 (60.9-75.5)
7.4 (4.1-12.9)
23.9 (17.6-31.6)65+
99.6 (98.8-99.8)
0.3 (0.1-1.1)
0.1 (0.0-0.5)
99.6 (98.2-99.9)
0.4 (0.1-1.8)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
91.7 (87.0-94.7)
1.7 (0.8-3.2)
6.7 (3.9-11.3)Household incomeBelow poverty
97.1 (95.1-98.3)
1.6 (0.8-3.2)
1.3 (0.5-2.9)
54.1 (26.0-79.8)
15.2 (4.6-40.0)
30.7 (8.1-68.9)
53.4 (42.9-63.7)
15.7 (8.9-26.2)
30.9 (21.4-42.3)Above poverty, <$75K
94.8 (91.1-97.0)
3.1 (1.6-5.7)
2.1 (0.7-5.8)
77.7 (57.0-90.1)
4.1 (1.5-10.9)
18.2 (6.8-40.4)
67.3 (61.2-72.8)
11.0 (7.7-15.5)
21.7 (16.8-27.5)Above poverty, ≥$75K
97.4 (95.7-98.4)
0.8 (0.3-1.7)
1.9 (1.0-3.5)
84.2 (67.1-93.3)
10.0 (3.0-28.4)
5.9 (2.1-15.2)
73.1 (66.4-78.9)
6.7 (4.1-10.7)
20.2 (14.8-26.9)Unknown income
92.4 (86.1-95.9)
4.1 (1.7-9.4)
3.6 (1.4-9.0)
64.7 (42.6-82.0)
26.4 (11.2-50.7)
8.8 (2.1-30.8)
67.8 (60.2-74.6)
6.7 (3.6-12.1)
25.5 (19.3-32.8)Health insuranceInsured
96.4 (94.8-97.5)
1.6 (1.0-2.5)
2.0 (1.1-3.5)
75.3 (63.3-84.4)
10.2 (5.5-18.1)
14.5 (7.1-27.4)
71.4 (67.7-74.8)
8.8 (6.7-11.4)
19.8 (16.8-23.2)Not insured
83.8 (69.3-92.2)
10.0 (3.4-25.9)
6.2 (2.2-16.3)
61.6 (29.7-85.8)
29.6 (8.2-66.4)
8.8 (2.4-27.8)
34.1 (24.9-44.8)
14.3 (7.6-25.4)
51.6 (39.3-63.7)
AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; CI = confidence interval; MSA = metropolitan statistical area; NH/OPI = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
* The estimates of proportions vaccinated based on October-December 2021 data may not match the Kaplan-Meier vaccination coverage estimates shown in reference 4, which use more months of data and a different analytic method.
† Persons were categorized into mutually exclusive categories of race and ethnicity; persons not reporting they were Hispanic were categorized by their reported race(s).
§MSA status was determined based on household reported city and county of residence and was grouped into three categories: MSA principal city (urban), MSA non-principal city (suburban), and non-MSA (rural). MSAs and principal cities were as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html). Non-MSA areas include urban populations not located within an MSA as well as completely rural areas.
TABLE 2. BeSD variables among adults ≥18 years who were unvaccinated but reachable*, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics — National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, October 31-December 31, 2021
TABLE 2. BeSD variables among adults ≥18 years who were unvaccinated but reachable*, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics — National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, October 31-December 31, 2021
Concerned about getting COVID
(very or moderately concerned)
Thinks a COVID-19 vaccine is important
(very or somewhat important)
Thinks a COVID-19 vaccine is safe
(completely or very safe)
Healthcare provider recommended COVID-19 vaccine
Friends and family vaccinated
(almost all or many)
Difficulty getting a COVID-19 vaccine
(very or somewhat difficult)
Work or school requires COVID-19 vaccinen
% (95% CI)Overall
4,350
37.4 (34.8-40.0)
60.8 (58.1-63.5)
25.4 (22.9-28.1)
36.7 (34.1-39.3)
43.0 (40.3-45.7)
14.3 (12.5-16.3)
10.4 (8.9-12.1)White, non-Hispanic†
2,173
33.5 (29.8-37.3)
55.7 (51.7-59.5)
26.4 (22.8-30.3)
36.1 (32.5-40.0)
40.4 (36.7-44.3)
12.5 (10.3-15.1)
7.8 (6.0-10.2)U.S. Census regionNortheast
425
27.4 (19.0-37.8)
41.6 (31.6-52.3)
21.8 (14.2-32.0)
41.7 (31.7-52.3)
45.9 (35.7-56.5)
18.9 (10.8-31.0)
10.1 (5.4-18.2)Midwest
539
32.9 (26.2-40.4)
59.2 (52.1-66.0)
26.6 (20.7-33.4)
42.2 (35.1-49.5)
39.9 (33.2-47.0)
13.1 (9.3-18.1)
8.0 (4.9-12.8)South
811
35.4 (29.9-41.4)
54.3 (48.1-60.4)
26.8 (21.0-33.4)
31.4 (26.2-37.1)
37.5 (31.8-43.5)
10.7 (7.9-14.2)
6.6 (4.1-10.3)West
388
34.0 (26.0-43.0)
60.9 (52.1-69.1)
28.5 (19.9-39.1)
30.7 (23.2-39.4)
45.8 (37.0-54.9)
11.2 (6.7-18.0)
8.9 (4.6-16.6)Urbanicity§MSA, principal city
523
37.1 (30.2-44.7)
61.6 (54.3-68.5)
28.7 (22.2-36.1)
34.4 (27.9-41.6)
37.3 (30.7-44.3)
15.9 (11.1-22.2)
7.0 (4.3-11.0)MSA, non-principal city
1,002
32.5 (27.4-38.0)
53.8 (48.2-59.2)
25.5 (20.5-31.3)
38.0 (32.8-43.6)
43.6 (38.3-49.1)
12.0 (9.0-15.8)
7.7 (5.2-11.3)Non-MSA
648
32.0 (24.9-40.0)
53.9 (45.7-61.9)
26.1 (19.3-34.4)
33.6 (26.4-41.7)
36.3 (28.7-44.8)
10.1 (6.9-14.5)
8.9 (5.1-15.1)Age group, yrs18-29
646
29.3 (24.0-35.2)
58.3 (52.3-64.2)
29.9 (24.4-36.0)
31.7 (26.4-37.6)
37.4 (31.7-43.4)
10.2 (7.2-14.2)
9.3 (6.4-13.4)30-49
829
33.7 (27.6-40.5)
53.4 (46.7-60.1)
25.3 (19.4-32.2)
35.8 (29.8-42.3)
42.9 (36.6-49.4)
9.4 (6.3-13.9)
8.1 (5.0-12.8)50-64
481
41.6 (32.8-51.0)
55.2 (46.1-63.9)
17.1 (11.2-25.3)
44.6 (35.6-53.9)
42.3 (33.8-51.4)
20.9 (14.8-28.7)
6.8 (3.7-12.3)65+
217
35.1 (23.4-48.9)
54.6 (39.6-68.9)
35.0 (20.5-53.1)
42.4 (28.2-57.9)
38.9 (25.4-54.4)
22.4 (13.3-35.3)
0.1 (0.0-0.2)Household incomeBelow poverty
361
46.5 (36.9-56.3)
65.7 (56.6-73.8)
18.6 (12.5-26.7)
34.1 (25.2-44.3)
42.4 (32.9-52.6)
20.8 (14.4-29.2)
3.9 (2.0-7.4)Above poverty, <$75K
784
31.3 (25.6-37.6)
62.8 (56.6-68.6)
29.5 (23.4-36.4)
39.5 (33.4-46.0)
39.3 (33.3-45.8)
12.2 (9.0-16.4)
7.4 (4.7-11.5)Above poverty, ≥$75K
529
30.0 (23.2-37.9)
41.0 (33.8-48.7)
23.5 (17.8-30.4)
34.7 (27.9-42.1)
44.8 (37.6-52.3)
5.5 (3.1-9.7)
10.4 (6.0-17.6)Unknown income
499
30.6 (23.7-38.5)
50.4 (41.8-58.9)
30.4 (22.3-40.0)
33.6 (26.3-41.8)
36.4 (29.1-44.3)
13.3 (8.7-19.8)
9.0 (5.5-14.5)Health insuranceInsured
1,842
35.1 (31.1-39.4)
56.1 (51.8-60.3)
25.3 (21.6-29.5)
38.8 (34.7-43.1)
42.1 (38.0-46.4)
12.7 (10.2-15.6)
8.5 (6.4-11.2)Not insured
300
24.6 (17.1-34.1)
53.7 (43.4-63.6)
33.4 (23.4-45.2)
20.9 (14.2-29.7)
29.5 (21.9-38.4)
11.9 (7.4-18.5)
3.8 (1.3-10.2)Black, non-Hispanic
858
48.1 (42.0-54.3)
68.6 (62.5-74.1)
23.0 (17.5-29.7)
44.6 (38.5-50.8)
43.1 (37.2-49.3)
15.6 (11.0-21.6)
15.7 (11.6-20.9)U.S. Census regionNortheast
109
46.8 (32.2-61.9)
69.8 (53.4-82.3)
32.4 (17.3-52.4)
46.6 (32.1-61.7)
51.4 (36.1-66.4)
16.5 (8.1-30.7)
29.6 (17.3-45.7)Midwest
96
52.0 (38.6-65.1)
74.2 (60.8-84.2)
20.6 (11.2-35.0)
56.7 (43.3-69.2)
38.3 (25.4-53.0)
18.0 (8.3-34.6)
6.4 (3.1-12.6)South
453
48.2 (40.4-56.2)
67.0 (58.9-74.2)
20.5 (14.0-29.0)
40.6 (32.8-48.8)
43.0 (35.4-50.9)
15.1 (9.5-23.1)
17.3 (11.7-24.8)West
40
36.1 (18.0-59.4)
65.0 (41.2-83.1)
—¶
44.4 (22.8-68.4)
47.8 (26.0-70.4)
12.1 (2.8-39.2)
7.8 (2.1-24.9)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
377
49.8 (41.2-58.4)
69.3 (60.7-76.6)
27.0 (18.1-38.1)
43.8 (35.4-52.6)
40.8 (32.5-49.6)
15.3 (9.8-23.1)
18.7 (12.0-27.9)MSA, non-principal city
270
47.3 (37.9-57.0)
70.0 (60.1-78.3)
21.2 (14.0-30.6)
49.0 (39.6-58.5)
46.2 (36.9-55.8)
17.0 (9.8-27.8)
13.5 (8.6-20.6)Non-MSA
211
43.3 (27.9-60.1)
55.9 (37.6-72.7)
11.8 (5.4-24.1)
22.2 (13.2-35.1)
37.8 (23.5-54.6)
8.7 (4.2-17.2)
12.5 (5.6-25.7)Age group, yrs18-29
217
40.0 (30.7-50.2)
73.0 (63.3-81.0)
23.8 (15.3-35.3)
37.4 (28.0-47.8)
43.9 (34.2-54.1)
8.9 (4.9-15.8)
18.7 (11.6-28.7)30-49
358
51.8 (42.7-60.7)
60.3 (50.7-69.2)
15.9 (10.2-24.0)
42.4 (33.5-51.7)
41.3 (32.8-50.3)
16.8 (10.3-26.1)
14.0 (8.9-21.4)50-64
188
58.6 (41.4-74.0)
82.9 (68.5-91.6)
47.0 (27.5-67.4)
57.5 (41.1-72.4)
48.4 (32.0-65.2)
29.5 (14.6-50.7)
17.9 (8.0-35.5)65+
95
42.2 (22.0-65.4)
60.2 (34.0-81.6)
21.5 (8.2-45.6)
69.4 (48.5-84.5)
35.1 (16.8-59.2)
8.6 (3.1-21.7)
2.7 (0.4-14.9)Household incomeBelow poverty
180
45.0 (32.2-58.5)
79.4 (67.8-87.5)
39.2 (24.7-56.0)
52.9 (39.6-65.8)
31.8 (21.5-44.3)
12.9 (7.1-22.2)
17.8 (8.6-33.3)Above poverty, <$75K
305
57.9 (48.1-67.2)
65.6 (55.7-74.4)
18.9 (10.5-31.6)
37.6 (28.4-47.9)
52.5 (42.7-62.2)
15.0 (8.3-25.7)
15.5 (9.6-24.2)Above poverty, ≥$75K
121
36.0 (21.7-53.3)
54.1 (37.8-69.6)
18.1 (8.4-34.8)
50.0 (34.5-65.5)
45.2 (30.4-60.9)
13.5 (4.1-36.5)
9.8 (3.8-23.2)Unknown income
252
46.5 (35.4-58.0)
73.9 (62.8-82.7)
20.3 (12.3-31.6)
43.7 (32.7-55.3)
38.7 (28.2-50.3)
19.2 (10.8-31.9)
18.1 (10.7-28.9)Health insuranceInsured
667
46.9 (40.0-53.9)
67.0 (59.9-73.4)
22.0 (16.1-29.3)
47.5 (40.5-54.5)
41.6 (35.0-48.6)
17.9 (12.3-25.2)
12.2 (8.3-17.4)Not insured
176
53.6 (40.4-66.4)
74.9 (63.0-83.9)
27.5 (14.9-45.1)
33.3 (21.5-47.8)
51.8 (38.5-64.9)
6.3 (3.4-11.5)
27.6 (16.3-42.8)Hispanic
740
37.6 (32.1-43.4)
67.4 (61.3-73.0)
23.3 (18.6-28.7)
30.9 (25.9-36.4)
48.3 (42.4-54.2)
16.9 (12.8-21.9)
9.0 (6.7-12.0)U.S. Census regionNortheast
121
35.5 (24.1-48.8)
67.7 (52.8-79.6)
29.3 (17.7-44.4)
31.3 (20.5-44.7)
51.4 (37.2-65.3)
15.1 (7.6-27.7)
9.8 (5.5-16.9)Midwest
96
41.8 (29.8-54.7)
77.1 (65.0-85.9)
22.0 (13.5-33.7)
41.4 (29.6-54.2)
39.8 (28.2-52.7)
22.0 (13.0-34.7)
11.1 (5.8-20.2)South
270
31.4 (23.0-41.2)
63.5 (52.6-73.2)
26.0 (18.4-35.4)
28.5 (20.7-37.8)
42.9 (33.5-52.9)
14.5 (8.5-23.7)
7.3 (4.2-12.3)West
175
43.5 (32.6-54.9)
67.9 (56.2-77.7)
18.0 (10.4-29.2)
27.1 (18.2-38.3)
55.7 (44.3-66.6)
18.8 (11.3-29.5)
8.7 (4.7-15.7)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
283
35.9 (27.7-44.9)
70.8 (61.7-78.5)
23.5 (16.4-32.6)
35.7 (27.4-45.0)
52.8 (43.6-61.9)
14.2 (9.2-21.4)
10.5 (6.7-16.2)MSA, non-principal city
345
40.8 (32.7-49.5)
65.0 (55.8-73.2)
24.0 (17.4-32.2)
27.5 (21.1-35.0)
47.7 (39.2-56.2)
19.8 (13.5-28.2)
8.5 (5.6-12.9)Non-MSA
112
29.3 (16.8-45.9)
68.0 (50.8-81.4)
19.3 (10.5-32.8)
30.8 (17.7-48.1)
37.1 (23.2-53.5)
12.2 (5.4-25.4)
6.5 (2.4-16.2)Age group, yrs18-29
295
34.8 (27.1-43.5)
70.1 (61.5-77.5)
20.2 (14.5-27.6)
25.8 (19.4-33.4)
49.9 (41.3-58.4)
19.2 (13.2-27.2)
9.5 (6.2-14.4)30-49
289
41.5 (32.5-51.2)
64.9 (54.2-74.4)
25.3 (17.3-35.5)
34.1 (25.7-43.6)
44.2 (34.8-54.0)
14.0 (8.5-22.3)
8.3 (5.2-12.9)50-64
117
32.4 (21.0-46.3)
59.4 (43.5-73.5)
31.9 (19.4-47.8)
46.3 (32.2-61.1)
60.5 (45.6-73.7)
17.5 (8.6-32.4)
10.7 (4.9-21.9)65+
39
54.3 (28.7-77.8)
83.4 (59.0-94.6)
24.0 (8.9-50.5)
27.1 (12.4-49.3)
28.7 (12.2-53.7)
10.2 (3.2-28.1)
0.2 (0.0-1.4)Household incomeBelow poverty
191
45.9 (34.8-57.4)
68.2 (55.9-78.3)
26.7 (18.0-37.6)
27.1 (18.9-37.3)
47.0 (36.0-58.2)
15.1 (8.9-24.5)
11.8 (6.9-19.4)Above poverty, <$75K
232
31.7 (22.9-42.1)
61.0 (49.7-71.1)
19.0 (12.0-28.6)
32.3 (23.2-43.1)
50.1 (39.3-60.8)
17.2 (10.2-27.6)
7.0 (4.1-11.7)Above poverty, ≥$75K
107
37.8 (24.1-53.7)
67.8 (49.4-81.9)
20.2 (10.0-36.8)
34.9 (22.2-50.1)
48.8 (33.4-64.5)
8.0 (3.7-16.5)
5.4 (2.0-13.8)Unknown income
210
35.9 (26.7-46.2)
75.9 (66.9-83.1)
27.5 (18.6-38.7)
31.2 (22.8-41.0)
46.9 (36.6-57.5)
24.0 (15.1-35.8)
10.7 (6.3-17.5)Health insuranceInsured
453
38.8 (31.4-46.7)
63.9 (55.6-71.6)
22.2 (16.2-29.7)
36.4 (29.4-44.0)
55.1 (47.1-62.7)
18.3 (12.8-25.6)
6.5 (4.2-10.0)Not insured
256
37.9 (29.7-46.9)
71.9 (62.9-79.4)
25.3 (18.2-33.9)
21.8 (15.8-29.4)
38.8 (30.3-47.9)
15.8 (10.4-23.2)
12.8 (8.4-19.0)AI/AN
87
46.7 (28.6-65.8)
59.2 (38.2-77.4)
47.1 (26.7-68.4)
48.9 (30.3-67.9)
41.1 (23.7-61.1)
12.7 (5.7-25.9)
23.2 (8.0-51.2)U.S. Census regionNortheast
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Midwest
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—South
33
48.5 (21.2-76.7)
78.9 (51.4-93.0)
—
43.9 (17.2-74.7)
54.9 (26.1-80.8)
18.1 (6.4-42.0)
10.8 (2.4-36.7)West
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—UrbanicityMSA, principal city
35
53.4 (31.7-73.8)
51.0 (29.1-72.5)
—
28.5 (13.0-51.7)
40.3 (20.1-64.4)
15.7 (4.7-41.2)
23.0 (8.7-48.4)MSA, non-principal city
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Non-MSA
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Age group, yrs18-29
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—30-49
36
70.0 (48.1-85.5)
68.4 (44.4-85.4)
—
41.0 (20.5-65.2)
41.6 (20.0-66.9)
12.8 (3.3-38.6)
19.3 (6.7-44.5)50-64
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—65+
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Household incomeBelow poverty
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, <$75K
32
34.5 (10.8-69.8)
56.0 (21.6-85.5)
—
70.2 (42.6-88.3)
38.6 (12.5-73.4)
13.2 (4.1-35.2)
36.0 (9.0-76.2)Above poverty, ≥$75K
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Unknown income
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Health insuranceInsured
67
49.7 (29.1-70.4)
57.0 (34.4-77.0)
47.5 (25.3-70.6)
52.3 (32.0-71.9)
43.2 (24.1-64.6)
8.0 (2.6-22.2)
25.4 (8.5-55.4)Not insured
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Asian
78
24.1 (12.4-41.7)
67.8 (43.0-85.5)
31.6 (15.1-54.4)
29.0 (14.5-49.7)
70.8 (48.7-86.1)
11.3 (3.9-28.4)
34.8 (17.1-58.0)U.S. Census regionNortheast
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Midwest
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—South
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—West
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—UrbanicityMSA, principal city
37
24.5 (11.4-44.9)
49.0 (25.0-73.5)
27.7 (11.3-53.4)
28.9 (12.8-53.0)
58.1 (32.4-80.1)
16.0 (4.5-43.4)
42.7 (20.2-68.6)MSA, non-principal city
38
23.5 (6.8-56.2)
89.1 (63.2-97.5)
35.8 (9.8-74.2)
29.0 (8.5-64.4)
85.9 (63.8-95.5)
5.9 (1.4-21.2)
25.8 (7.0-61.8)Non-MSA
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Age group, yrs18-29
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—30-49
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—50-64
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—65+
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Household incomeBelow poverty
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, <$75K
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, ≥$75K
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Unknown income
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Health insuranceInsured
60
26.1 (13.2-45.0)
56.6 (31.9-78.4)
40.4 (20.5-64.1)
40.3 (21.4-62.5)
67.5 (42.5-85.3)
13.8 (4.1-37.5)
45.1 (24.1-67.9)Not insured
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—NH/OPI
38
32.3 (11.4-63.7)
41.3 (17.8-69.5)
40.6 (16.5-70.4)
26.2 (9.1-55.7)
29.3 (12.8-54.1)
20.5 (7.2-46.0)
8.1 (2.8-21.7)U.S. Census regionNortheast
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Midwest
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—South
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—West
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—UrbanicityMSA, principal city
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—MSA, non-principal city
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Non-MSA
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Age group, yrs18-29
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—30-49
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—50-64
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—65+
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Household incomeBelow poverty
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, <$75K
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, ≥$75K
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Unknown income
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Health insuranceInsured
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Not insured
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Multiple/other race
216
42.4 (30.2-55.6)
66.6 (54.7-76.7)
25.1 (15.7-37.5)
35.4 (24.1-48.7)
47.0 (34.1-60.3)
17.4 (9.5-29.9)
20.4 (11.2-34.2)U.S. Census regionNortheast
30
65.6 (31.3-88.9)
—
—
—
—
—
—Midwest
34
43.9 (22.3-68.0)
55.7 (32.5-76.6)
—
19.6 (7.3-43.2)
36.9 (17.7-61.5)
24.4 (9.6-49.6)
12.3 (2.8-40.1)South
101
42.9 (26.9-60.5)
71.1 (54.8-83.4)
30.7 (16.8-49.2)
33.3 (19.8-50.2)
41.3 (25.5-59.1)
13.3 (6.5-25.1)
18.1 (8.5-34.2)West
40
35.6 (13.1-67.0)
70.9 (45.7-87.6)
—
43.5 (18.8-72.0)
62.5 (32.5-85.2)
21.4 (5.4-56.3)
32.5 (11.4-64.5)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
82
43.2 (26.0-62.1)
61.3 (43.2-76.8)
24.8 (12.2-43.7)
28.7 (15.9-46.1)
53.4 (34.9-70.9)
10.6 (4.5-22.8)
16.5 (6.4-36.3)MSA, non-principal city
79
33.6 (16.0-57.3)
70.9 (50.5-85.3)
21.2 (9.2-41.8)
49.0 (28.2-70.2)
41.9 (21.7-65.2)
31.8 (13.9-57.5)
28.2 (11.3-54.7)Non-MSA
55
60.3 (35.2-80.9)
70.9 (47.0-86.9)
36.2 (14.0-66.4)
24.9 (9.1-52.5)
40.5 (19.3-65.9)
7.1 (2.1-21.4)
14.3 (3.6-42.9)Age group, yrs18-29
58
48.0 (26.6-70.1)
66.2 (46.0-81.8)
31.7 (16.0-53.0)
36.3 (17.5-60.6)
39.4 (19.6-63.5)
9.5 (3.0-26.7)
8.4 (2.7-23.3)30-49
85
37.0 (21.8-55.3)
71.1 (54.6-83.4)
20.0 (8.4-40.4)
36.5 (20.7-56.0)
50.2 (31.8-68.5)
22.4 (9.7-43.8)
30.1 (14.5-52.2)50-64
46
47.0 (20.8-74.9)
57.7 (26.5-83.8)
—
32.6 (12.0-63.1)
51.2 (22.8-78.8)
16.4 (4.2-46.5)
18.1 (4.7-49.6)65+
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Household incomeBelow poverty
43
32.7 (11.3-64.9)
83.6 (60.6-94.4)
—
39.8 (15.8-69.9)
71.4 (47.4-87.4)
25.6 (6.3-63.6)
29.3 (8.6-64.5)Above poverty, <$75K
79
50.9 (32.9-68.7)
56.1 (37.1-73.5)
29.8 (15.3-50.0)
32.5 (17.8-51.8)
35.5 (19.6-55.4)
14.9 (6.5-30.7)
12.7 (4.7-29.7)Above poverty, ≥$75K
45
31.0 (13.7-55.9)
53.9 (30.7-75.4)
22.1 (7.1-51.3)
31.6 (14.2-56.2)
56.1 (32.7-77.0)
7.7 (2.5-21.1)
27.2 (8.9-58.8)Unknown income
49
52.0 (23.6-79.2)
84.4 (67.3-93.4)
—
40.8 (14.2-74.1)
17.6 (6.6-38.9)
23.7 (8.0-52.8)
15.8 (3.8-46.9)Health insuranceInsured
179
40.8 (27.7-55.3)
68.4 (55.8-78.7)
26.2 (16.0-39.9)
37.3 (24.7-51.9)
46.3 (32.3-60.9)
18.1 (9.0-33.1)
24.9 (13.9-40.6)Not insured
32
48.5 (19.8-78.3)
55.6 (24.6-82.8)
—
28.5 (8.6-62.7)
51.0 (20.9-80.3)
15.4 (5.2-37.9)
0.1 (0.0-0.9)
AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; BeSD = behavioral and social drivers of vaccination; CI = confidence interval; MSA = metropolitan statistical area; NH/OPI = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
* Respondents who reported they definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, or are unsure.† Persons were categorized into mutually exclusive categories of race and ethnicity; persons not reporting they were Hispanic were categorized by their reported race(s).§ MSA status was determined based on household reported city and county of residence and was grouped into three categories: MSA principal city (urban), MSA
non-principal city (suburban), and non-MSA (rural). MSAs and principal cities were as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/
metro-micro.html). Non-MSA areas include urban populations not located within an MSA as well as completely rural areas.¶ Cells with denominator n<30 are not shown.
TABLE 3. BeSD variables among adults ≥18 years who were unvaccinated*, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics — National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, October 31-December 31, 2021
TABLE 3. BeSD variables among adults ≥18 years who were unvaccinated*, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics — National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, October 31-December 31, 2021
Concerned about getting COVID (very or moderately concerned)
Thinks a COVID-19 vaccine is important (very or somewhat important)
Thinks a COVID-19 vaccine is safe (completely or very safe)
Healthcare provider recommended COVID-19 vaccine
Friends and family vaccinated (almost all or many)
Difficulty getting a COVID-19 vaccine (very or somewhat difficult)
Work or school requires COVID-19 vaccinen
% (95% CI)Overall
12,674
20.7 (19.4-22.0)
28.1 (26.6-29.6)
10.8 (9.9-11.9)
31.7 (30.3-33.2)
28.3 (26.9-29.8)
11.9 (10.9-12.9)
7.6 (6.8-8.5)White, non-Hispanic†
7,817
16.1 (14.5-17.7)
22.2 (20.5-24.0)
9.9 (8.7-11.2)
30.9 (29.0-32.8)
24.8 (23.1-26.6)
10.2 (9.1-11.5)
5.7 (4.9-6.7)U.S. Census regionNortheast
1,308
12.9 (9.3-17.6)
20.8 (16.4-26.1)
9.4 (6.6-13.3)
34.1 (28.8-39.7)
31.9 (26.6-37.7)
16.1 (11.8-21.5)
9.0 (6.3-12.8)Midwest
1,826
18.7 (15.5-22.5)
24.3 (21.0-28.0)
10.7 (8.6-13.2)
34.1 (30.5-38.0)
24.9 (21.7-28.4)
9.8 (7.9-12.2)
6.0 (4.5-8.0)South
3,169
15.1 (13.2-17.3)
20.4 (18.0-23.0)
9.3 (7.5-11.5)
29.2 (26.6-32.0)
22.4 (20.0-25.1)
9.1 (7.6-10.8)
4.2 (3.2-5.5)West
1,494
14.9 (11.9-18.5)
23.2 (19.1-27.8)
10.0 (7.2-13.8)
26.2 (22.6-30.2)
27.3 (23.4-31.6)
10.4 (7.7-13.7)
7.4 (5.3-10.3)Urbanicity§MSA, principal city
1,653
19.5 (16.1-23.6)
26.4 (22.7-30.4)
12.3 (9.7-15.4)
32.8 (28.8-36.9)
27.0 (23.6-30.7)
11.8 (9.5-14.7)
5.9 (4.4-7.8)MSA, non-principal city
3,715
15.3 (13.2-17.6)
21.5 (19.1-24.0)
9.7 (7.9-11.7)
31.5 (28.9-34.2)
26.2 (23.8-28.8)
9.8 (8.3-11.6)
5.7 (4.5-7.1)Non-MSA
2,449
14.9 (12.3-18.1)
20.2 (17.1-23.7)
8.4 (6.5-10.8)
27.9 (24.6-31.4)
20.3 (17.1-23.8)
9.7 (7.6-12.2)
5.8 (4.2-7.9)Age group, yrs18-29
1,799
13.7 (11.4-16.4)
28.5 (25.3-31.8)
14.3 (11.9-17.1)
26.9 (23.8-30.2)
23.7 (20.8-26.8)
11.1 (9.1-13.4)
8.4 (6.6-10.6)30-49
3,148
15.8 (13.4-18.7)
19.2 (16.6-22.2)
8.5 (6.7-10.7)
31.3 (28.5-34.4)
25.6 (22.9-28.5)
8.5 (6.9-10.3)
5.0 (3.8-6.5)50-64
2,025
19.1 (15.9-22.9)
18.3 (15.0-22.1)
5.3 (3.8-7.3)
35.0 (31.0-39.3)
25.5 (21.9-29.5)
11.0 (8.8-13.8)
3.9 (2.8-5.4)65+
845
19.5 (14.0-26.6)
22.5 (16.3-30.2)
11.2 (6.7-18.1)
34.0 (27.4-41.3)
23.4 (17.6-30.5)
14.9 (9.7-22.3)
3.4 (1.3-8.6)Household incomeBelow poverty
912
26.2 (21.0-32.0)
32.5 (27.0-38.6)
9.4 (6.6-13.2)
32.9 (27.5-38.8)
26.4 (21.1-32.5)
16.3 (12.7-20.6)
2.7 (1.5-4.8)Above poverty, <$75K
2,719
16.2 (13.7-19.0)
25.3 (22.3-28.5)
11.2 (9.0-13.8)
32.3 (29.1-35.6)
24.6 (21.8-27.7)
10.8 (8.9-13.0)
5.5 (4.2-7.1)Above poverty, ≥$75K
2,418
12.6 (10.2-15.6)
15.7 (13.1-18.8)
8.2 (6.6-10.3)
31.5 (28.2-34.9)
27.9 (24.9-31.1)
6.2 (4.7-8.2)
7.4 (5.7-9.7)Unknown income
1,768
14.7 (11.7-18.2)
19.8 (16.6-23.3)
10.1 (7.6-13.4)
26.8 (23.3-30.7)
20.6 (17.4-24.2)
10.8 (8.6-13.6)
5.7 (4.1-7.9)Health insuranceInsured
6,600
17.1 (15.3-19.0)
22.5 (20.6-24.5)
9.4 (8.1-10.8)
32.9 (30.8-35.0)
25.9 (24.0-27.9)
9.3 (8.2-10.7)
6.2 (5.3-7.3)Not insured
1,122
11.4 (8.8-14.8)
20.8 (16.8-25.4)
13.2 (9.6-17.9)
20.2 (16.5-24.6)
19.5 (15.9-23.8)
14.3 (11.3-18.0)
3.4 (2.1-5.5)Black, non-Hispanic
1,597
35.8 (31.6-40.3)
44.7 (40.1-49.4)
12.9 (9.8-16.7)
39.7 (35.2-44.3)
33.8 (29.7-38.1)
16.2 (13.0-20.1)
11.5 (8.9-14.7)U.S. Census regionNortheast
203
35.1 (25.2-46.4)
40.0 (29.4-51.7)
15.5 (8.0-28.0)
49.8 (38.5-61.2)
48.3 (36.8-60.0)
14.3 (8.4-23.1)
25.5 (16.3-37.7)Midwest
209
32.4 (23.9-42.3)
45.9 (35.4-56.8)
9.3 (5.2-16.1)
46.9 (36.5-57.6)
26.4 (18.6-36.0)
16.2 (9.9-25.3)
5.7 (2.9-10.8)South
821
38.6 (33.0-44.6)
45.7 (39.9-51.7)
13.0 (9.0-18.4)
36.3 (30.7-42.3)
34.5 (29.2-40.1)
16.8 (12.5-22.3)
12.0 (8.4-16.9)West
98
26.5 (15.4-41.6)
39.4 (24.3-56.9)
20.6 (8.6-41.7)
29.8 (17.3-46.2)
34.2 (20.8-50.7)
14.7 (7.3-27.4)
7.5 (3.3-16.2)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
694
38.9 (32.7-45.6)
45.4 (38.5-52.4)
14.2 (9.5-20.8)
38.9 (32.4-45.8)
32.8 (26.9-39.3)
17.0 (12.6-22.6)
12.9 (8.9-18.4)MSA, non-principal city
526
32.4 (26.2-39.2)
45.9 (39.0-52.9)
12.3 (8.3-17.9)
42.1 (35.4-49.2)
35.3 (29.1-42.0)
16.3 (11.3-23.0)
10.8 (7.4-15.6)Non-MSA
377
35.8 (24.0-49.7)
34.9 (23.6-48.3)
8.4 (3.9-16.9)
31.1 (19.7-45.2)
31.2 (21.2-43.5)
11.6 (6.5-19.8)
6.5 (3.0-13.7)Age group, yrs18-29
398
29.2 (22.9-36.5)
53.2 (45.1-61.0)
15.5 (10.0-23.2)
36.0 (28.3-44.6)
36.2 (29.1-43.9)
15.8 (11.1-21.9)
14.6 (9.8-21.2)30-49
719
37.0 (30.8-43.6)
34.0 (28.3-40.2)
8.7 (5.7-13.0)
36.0 (29.9-42.5)
30.0 (24.7-36.0)
14.5 (10.3-20.1)
10.2 (7.0-14.7)50-64
320
48.3 (36.1-60.8)
63.8 (51.9-74.3)
24.9 (13.4-41.5)
56.0 (43.7-67.5)
40.2 (28.2-53.5)
26.8 (15.6-42.0)
12.0 (5.5-24.4)65+
160
34.4 (19.6-52.9)
43.9 (26.1-63.4)
10.0 (3.9-23.6)
55.7 (37.0-72.9)
36.9 (21.0-56.4)
7.8 (3.2-17.8)
1.6 (0.3-8.5)Household incomeBelow poverty
304
31.0 (22.8-40.5)
55.6 (45.0-65.7)
21.9 (13.1-34.2)
40.9 (31.2-51.4)
29.3 (21.4-38.7)
16.0 (10.4-23.8)
13.5 (7.3-23.7)Above poverty, <$75K
580
40.9 (33.6-48.8)
43.5 (35.6-51.7)
10.4 (6.2-16.8)
36.3 (28.9-44.4)
38.4 (31.3-46.1)
14.1 (9.4-20.6)
10.1 (6.8-14.9)Above poverty, ≥$75K
255
31.7 (21.7-43.7)
33.2 (23.9-44.2)
12.4 (6.3-23.0)
46.0 (34.9-57.4)
36.8 (26.9-47.9)
15.1 (7.8-27.3)
12.2 (6.3-22.1)Unknown income
458
34.3 (27.0-42.5)
46.4 (38.0-55.0)
11.1 (6.8-17.8)
39.8 (31.9-48.2)
28.4 (21.5-36.4)
20.0 (13.6-28.4)
11.5 (7.0-18.2)Health insuranceInsured
1,222
35.7 (31.0-40.8)
43.9 (38.8-49.1)
12.8 (9.5-17.0)
42.0 (37.0-47.1)
33.9 (29.3-38.9)
17.0 (13.2-21.7)
9.9 (7.3-13.4)Not insured
342
36.5 (27.4-46.8)
48.1 (37.3-59.1)
13.3 (6.9-24.2)
31.4 (21.2-43.8)
34.7 (25.9-44.7)
13.6 (8.7-20.8)
16.1 (9.8-25.3)Hispanic
1,511
27.0 (23.4-31.0)
41.0 (37.0-45.2)
13.2 (10.7-16.2)
29.9 (26.4-33.7)
38.2 (34.2-42.4)
13.8 (11.2-16.9)
9.5 (7.4-12.2)U.S. Census regionNortheast
217
29.3 (21.1-39.0)
47.4 (36.7-58.3)
19.6 (12.1-30.2)
37.7 (28.1-48.4)
46.9 (36.3-57.9)
15.3 (9.2-24.5)
9.7 (6.0-15.3)Midwest
187
29.0 (21.3-38.1)
49.1 (39.0-59.2)
14.3 (9.1-21.5)
40.5 (31.5-50.3)
35.9 (27.4-45.3)
18.8 (12.1-27.9)
10.8 (6.5-17.5)South
563
23.1 (17.5-29.8)
36.4 (30.1-43.2)
14.0 (10.1-19.0)
25.5 (20.2-31.6)
32.0 (25.9-38.8)
10.6 (7.2-15.3)
6.8 (4.0-11.5)West
406
30.2 (23.5-37.8)
41.1 (33.7-48.9)
9.9 (6.0-15.9)
27.1 (20.8-34.4)
42.6 (35.1-50.5)
15.8 (10.9-22.2)
11.8 (7.6-17.8)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
597
27.1 (21.6-33.4)
42.1 (35.7-48.8)
12.7 (9.0-17.7)
32.9 (27.1-39.2)
43.6 (37.0-50.4)
13.2 (9.6-17.8)
13.6 (9.2-19.7)MSA, non-principal city
696
27.8 (22.6-33.7)
39.5 (33.7-45.5)
14.0 (10.4-18.6)
27.0 (22.4-32.1)
36.5 (31.0-42.4)
14.4 (10.6-19.3)
6.8 (4.9-9.5)Non-MSA
218
23.0 (14.6-34.5)
44.4 (32.8-56.7)
11.4 (6.5-19.3)
33.1 (22.5-45.8)
27.2 (18.3-38.4)
13.4 (7.3-23.3)
7.8 (3.9-15.1)Age group, yrs18-29
557
26.2 (20.8-32.3)
44.9 (38.5-51.5)
13.5 (9.9-18.0)
26.0 (21.0-31.8)
39.0 (32.9-45.5)
16.8 (12.6-22.1)
11.1 (7.5-15.9)30-49
619
29.1 (23.5-35.5)
37.7 (31.6-44.2)
12.5 (8.6-17.9)
32.0 (26.5-38.1)
35.8 (29.8-42.3)
10.7 (7.4-15.2)
8.5 (5.9-12.2)50-64
260
20.8 (14.4-29.2)
34.1 (25.3-44.2)
14.4 (8.8-22.6)
38.3 (29.0-48.5)
46.2 (36.0-56.7)
12.4 (7.1-20.7)
7.9 (3.9-15.4)65+
75
36.4 (18.4-59.1)
54.9 (35.6-72.8)
14.1 (5.9-30.0)
34.1 (19.7-52.2)
27.4 (14.5-45.5)
18.6 (8.2-36.9)
0.1 (0.0-0.7)Household incomeBelow poverty
311
36.0 (27.7-45.3)
47.8 (38.9-56.9)
18.4 (12.6-26.0)
24.7 (18.3-32.3)
40.3 (31.8-49.3)
14.0 (9.3-20.6)
8.6 (5.2-14.0)Above poverty, <$75K
510
23.2 (17.9-29.7)
38.3 (31.5-45.7)
11.6 (7.8-17.0)
31.1 (25.0-38.0)
39.4 (32.4-46.9)
13.5 (9.3-19.2)
9.1 (5.6-14.6)Above poverty, ≥$75K
286
22.9 (15.4-32.6)
28.0 (20.5-36.8)
8.2 (4.3-15.0)
29.9 (22.3-38.9)
34.7 (26.3-44.2)
10.5 (5.9-18.1)
6.5 (3.8-10.9)Unknown income
404
27.8 (21.0-35.8)
50.5 (42.4-58.6)
15.2 (10.3-21.9)
33.0 (26.0-40.8)
37.8 (30.4-45.9)
17.1 (11.7-24.2)
13.3 (8.4-20.5)Health insuranceInsured
1,037
26.9 (22.4-31.9)
36.8 (31.9-42.0)
11.3 (8.4-15.1)
33.5 (29.0-38.4)
41.0 (36.0-46.2)
13.4 (10.2-17.3)
9.3 (6.7-12.8)Not insured
417
29.1 (23.0-36.2)
49.6 (42.1-57.1)
17.5 (12.8-23.5)
21.6 (16.3-28.1)
33.3 (26.8-40.6)
15.8 (11.3-21.8)
8.7 (5.9-12.7)AI/AN
260
27.4 (17.8-39.8)
24.8 (15.0-38.3)
15.2 (8.5-25.9)
31.3 (21.1-43.6)
24.1 (15.4-35.7)
13.1 (7.3-22.4)
11.7 (5.2-24.1)U.S. Census regionNortheast
<30
—¶
—
—
—
—
—
—Midwest
45
22.1 (8.8-45.4)
19.5 (8.0-40.0)
11.5 (3.9-29.6)
41.3 (19.1-67.8)
19.6 (6.8-45.0)
15.3 (5.7-35.1)
4.6 (1.0-18.4)South
126
28.2 (14.2-48.2)
30.2 (14.0-53.5)
14.6 (5.7-32.5)
19.3 (9.8-34.5)
25.8 (13.2-44.3)
12.8 (5.0-29.1)
14.5 (5.3-34.2)West
55
18.9 (8.4-37.1)
15.5 (6.3-33.1)
11.5 (3.4-32.5)
38.4 (17.4-64.8)
21.3 (9.0-42.5)
5.8 (1.6-18.5)
16.4 (3.1-54.2)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
79
17.3 (8.5-31.9)
30.5 (12.1-58.5)
12.3 (4.8-28.3)
16.4 (7.5-32.2)
15.1 (7.2-28.9)
8.3 (3.3-19.3)
10.5 (3.8-25.8)MSA, non-principal city
101
31.1 (15.9-51.9)
19.6 (9.2-36.9)
16.0 (6.1-35.9)
44.4 (26.2-64.2)
27.6 (14.1-46.9)
10.2 (3.8-24.7)
14.7 (4.3-39.8)Non-MSA
80
38.3 (19.5-61.5)
27.7 (14.1-47.0)
18.1 (7.0-39.2)
25.0 (13.6-41.4)
33.5 (14.9-59.2)
32.1 (13.4-59.1)
5.7 (1.6-18.6)Age group, yrs18-29
44
15.4 (4.9-39.2)
48.8 (22.5-75.9)
29.5 (11.9-56.5)
20.0 (5.4-52.5)
18.5 (6.3-43.3)
16.1 (5.2-40.0)
14.8 (2.6-52.8)30-49
117
30.1 (17.0-47.4)
15.7 (8.5-27.2)
10.8 (4.7-23.2)
32.2 (19.8-47.7)
23.7 (12.3-40.8)
17.4 (7.7-34.5)
9.6 (3.8-22.0)50-64
67
41.9 (21.4-65.8)
20.3 (7.4-45.0)
16.1 (4.2-45.8)
46.8 (25.7-69.0)
37.3 (18.4-61.0)
5.1 (1.7-14.6)
15.7 (3.7-47.1)65+
32
—
9.0 (1.3-42.7)
—
13.9 (2.1-54.7)
5.8 (1.0-27.5)
6.4 (0.6-44.0)
0.4 (0.0-4.0)Household incomeBelow poverty
45
37.9 (16.5-65.3)
39.8 (17.1-67.9)
23.3 (7.5-53.3)
29.9 (13.4-54.2)
33.1 (13.9-60.2)
11.1 (3.9-28.1)
19.2 (5.7-48.0)Above poverty, <$75K
104
22.3 (9.3-44.4)
20.9 (10.2-38.0)
14.7 (5.4-34.2)
38.2 (21.2-58.6)
22.7 (10.3-42.8)
11.3 (5.4-22.2)
23.0 (8.5-48.7)Above poverty, ≥$75K
50
15.7 (6.1-34.9)
11.4 (4.2-27.5)
14.0 (5.1-33.2)
27.1 (12.0-50.2)
18.7 (7.7-38.7)
9.4 (2.5-29.2)
2.6 (0.7-9.3)Unknown income
61
33.1 (14.9-58.3)
28.4 (9.5-60.0)
12.7 (3.2-38.9)
26.2 (10.9-50.6)
24.3 (9.6-49.4)
17.2 (5.4-43.0)
0.6 (0.1-3.3)Health insuranceInsured
214
28.2 (17.6-41.8)
20.6 (12.5-32.1)
16.5 (8.7-29.1)
35.6 (23.7-49.6)
24.5 (15.1-37.1)
8.6 (4.1-17.2)
14.2 (6.2-29.1)Not insured
44
24.6 (7.3-57.3)
41.6 (14.2-75.4)
8.3 (2.7-22.8)
13.7 (3.6-40.5)
22.8 (6.7-54.8)
31.9 (11.5-62.9)
1.8 (0.4-8.0)Asian
129
20.3 (10.1-36.6)
35.7 (20.7-54.1)
17.2 (9.2-30.0)
40.4 (25.1-57.8)
51.2 (34.0-68.1)
7.8 (3.5-16.4)
31.1 (17.9-48.2)U.S. Census regionNortheast
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Midwest
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—South
36
14.8 (5.8-33.0)
37.0 (17.3-62.3)
28.7 (10.5-58.2)
46.1 (21.9-72.2)
36.0 (16.7-61.1)
5.2 (1.6-15.3)
22.1 (7.4-50.1)West
44
26.5 (7.7-60.9)
13.4 (5.5-29.1)
5.4 (1.1-21.9)
28.7 (9.3-61.4)
41.2 (17.1-70.3)
1.6 (0.3-7.6)
34.8 (13.5-64.7)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
53
14.8 (6.9-28.8)
32.7 (17.2-53.1)
16.1 (6.4-34.8)
48.6 (26.5-71.3)
66.9 (44.4-83.6)
10.9 (3.4-29.8)
35.4 (16.8-59.9)MSA, non-principal city
66
31.4 (11.6-61.4)
47.9 (22.1-74.8)
21.0 (8.1-44.4)
33.6 (15.5-58.3)
49.7 (23.8-75.8)
6.8 (2.6-16.4)
24.0 (10.1-47.1)Non-MSA
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Age group, yrs18-29
39
18.7 (5.0-50.1)
34.0 (12.6-64.7)
7.2 (2.8-17.1)
27.9 (11.8-52.9)
45.3 (20.9-72.3)
5.6 (1.0-26.8)
40.9 (18.7-67.5)30-49
56
17.3 (8.5-32.0)
34.3 (17.7-55.9)
25.5 (11.2-48.2)
55.1 (33.1-75.2)
57.2 (34.5-77.2)
9.4 (4.2-19.8)
18.6 (8.0-37.5)50-64
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—65+
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Household incomeBelow poverty
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, <$75K
38
13.5 (4.9-32.1)
36.4 (16.7-62.0)
—
49.1 (23.5-75.2)
40.0 (17.2-68.1)
5.7 (1.6-17.9)
8.7 (2.2-28.5)Above poverty, ≥$75K
41
9.3 (3.8-21.3)
14.0 (6.3-28.4)
8.8 (3.4-20.9)
44.3 (21.0-70.4)
56.0 (31.1-78.3)
17.0 (4.9-45.2)
57.4 (33.1-78.6)Unknown income
31
—
—
—
33.1 (12.0-64.2)
54.4 (24.5-81.4)
—
30.9 (10.9-62.1)Health insuranceInsured
100
23.3 (10.6-44.0)
28.4 (16.6-44.0)
19.2 (9.6-34.6)
49.7 (31.6-68.0)
50.8 (32.4-69.1)
8.6 (3.4-20.4)
28.9 (15.4-47.7)Not insured
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—NH/OPI
82
29.9 (12.7-55.6)
35.2 (16.8-59.4)
43.1 (21.6-67.6)
25.8 (12.4-46.3)
30.4 (13.9-54.2)
17.8 (7.3-37.4)
4.9 (2.1-11.0)U.S. Census regionNortheast
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Midwest
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—South
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—West
52
39.4 (14.2-71.8)
18.4 (7.8-37.3)
43.2 (15.8-75.5)
21.9 (9.6-42.7)
20.3 (8.8-40.2)
9.2 (3.3-22.9)
8.0 (3.0-19.4)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—MSA, non-principal city
35
38.4 (14.0-70.4)
22.3 (7.3-51.1)
46.0 (19.5-75.0)
20.9 (7.1-48.0)
16.6 (6.2-37.4)
14.3 (4.6-36.7)
2.0 (0.5-7.9)Non-MSA
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Age group, yrs18-29
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—30-49
35
25.9 (7.3-60.9)
8.6 (3.2-21.2)
23.0 (5.4-61.1)
23.0 (9.6-45.6)
16.3 (5.9-37.6)
9.5 (2.4-31.2)
3.6 (1.0-12.3)50-64
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—65+
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Household incomeBelow poverty
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, <$75K
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Above poverty, ≥$75K
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Unknown income
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Health insuranceInsured
65
34.7 (14.0-63.5)
39.2 (17.5-66.3)
51.2 (26.7-75.2)
28.4 (12.5-52.4)
32.6 (13.4-60.1)
21.5 (8.4-45.0)
5.1 (2.0-12.0)Not insured
<30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—Multiple/other race
745
23.3 (17.7-30.0)
26.3 (20.4-33.2)
7.3 (4.8-11.1)
29.4 (23.4-36.3)
31.4 (24.8-38.9)
15.3 (10.7-21.5)
10.2 (6.1-16.6)U.S. Census regionNortheast
100
29.3 (15.0-49.4)
18.4 (7.5-38.5)
22.8 (9.4-45.5)
39.0 (21.1-60.4)
44.4 (25.6-64.9)
2.9 (0.9-8.8)
13.0 (3.3-40.1)Midwest
129
18.2 (9.8-31.2)
19.8 (11.2-32.7)
4.5 (1.2-15.5)
26.2 (16.0-39.8)
20.8 (11.8-34.1)
18.0 (10.0-30.1)
11.2 (2.8-35.7)South
345
25.4 (17.2-35.8)
25.7 (18.4-34.6)
6.9 (3.7-12.5)
29.8 (21.3-40.0)
30.6 (21.3-41.8)
15.1 (9.1-24.1)
5.7 (2.9-10.8)West
148
21.7 (10.7-39.3)
35.9 (21.1-53.9)
4.6 (2.3-9.1)
28.4 (16.0-45.3)
37.9 (22.9-55.7)
17.3 (7.4-35.4)
17.0 (7.3-34.7)UrbanicityMSA, principal city
235
30.9 (20.5-43.7)
24.3 (15.5-36.0)
7.1 (3.6-13.6)
24.5 (16.1-35.5)
36.8 (24.8-50.7)
19.0 (11.3-30.1)
9.6 (4.4-19.8)MSA, non-principal city
306
16.6 (9.8-26.7)
26.9 (17.9-38.5)
6.8 (3.3-13.3)
35.1 (25.1-46.6)
33.3 (23.4-45.0)
16.2 (9.0-27.4)
12.0 (5.3-24.9)Non-MSA
204
24.3 (14.4-38.2)
28.2 (17.7-41.8)
8.8 (3.7-19.3)
26.0 (16.1-39.1)
18.8 (11.5-29.1)
7.1 (3.5-13.8)
7.3 (2.3-20.4)Age group, yrs18-29
166
17.0 (8.5-31.1)
30.8 (19.5-44.9)
14.4 (8.1-24.2)
18.6 (10.6-30.8)
28.7 (18.1-42.2)
22.3 (12.7-36.1)
5.9 (2.2-15.0)30-49
311
28.7 (19.9-39.5)
26.5 (18.3-36.7)
5.0 (2.2-10.9)
36.5 (26.8-47.6)
36.1 (25.7-48.0)
15.6 (9.1-25.4)
11.8 (6.0-22.0)50-64
184
22.1 (12.2-36.6)
21.7 (11.7-36.6)
4.0 (1.6-9.7)
30.0 (18.6-44.6)
24.2 (13.9-38.9)
6.5 (2.6-15.1)
13.8 (4.2-36.8)65+
84
12.8 (5.6-26.5)
12.0 (5.2-25.2)
1.3 (0.2-7.8)
21.9 (9.6-42.6)
33.7 (13.2-63.0)
6.0 (2.1-15.7)
3.9 (0.7-19.0)Household incomeBelow poverty
130
15.8 (7.0-31.8)
40.5 (24.1-59.4)
8.3 (3.5-18.6)
23.4 (12.1-40.3)
35.2 (19.6-54.7)
22.3 (9.6-43.7)
18.1 (6.2-42.3)Above poverty, <$75K
264
34.5 (23.7-47.1)
24.3 (16.2-34.7)
7.6 (3.8-14.5)
37.3 (26.6-49.4)
30.1 (20.2-42.3)
9.1 (5.2-15.4)
7.1 (2.9-16.4)Above poverty, ≥$75K
178
14.7 (8.1-25.4)
22.0 (12.6-35.4)
10.9 (4.9-22.6)
23.1 (14.2-35.1)
40.5 (26.7-55.9)
11.6 (5.7-22.1)
10.1 (4.3-22.1)Unknown income
173
23.9 (12.9-40.0)
21.4 (11.6-36.0)
2.2 (0.6-7.4)
30.8 (18.5-46.6)
19.2 (10.4-32.8)
21.9 (12.2-36.1)
7.4 (2.5-19.8)Health insuranceInsured
610
24.1 (17.8-31.6)
29.4 (22.5-37.4)
7.5 (4.8-11.6)
32.4 (25.5-40.1)
31.0 (24.0-39.0)
16.6 (11.0-24.2)
11.0 (6.6-17.7)Not insured
119
21.3 (10.4-38.8)
15.8 (7.6-30.1)
7.1 (2.2-21.1)
19.7 (9.4-36.7)
34.6 (19.0-54.5)
9.5 (5.0-17.3)
7.8 (1.2-37.2)
AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; BeSD = behavioral and social drivers of vaccination; CI = confidence interval; MSA = metropolitan statistical area; NH/OPI = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.* Includes respondents who reported they definitely will get vaccinated, probably will get vaccinated, are unsure, probably will not get vaccinated, and definitely will not get vaccinated.
† Persons were categorized into mutually exclusive categories of race and ethnicity; persons not reporting they were Hispanic were categorized by their reported race(s).
§MSA status was determined based on household reported city and county of residence and was grouped into three categories: MSA principal city (urban), MSA
non-principal city (suburban), and non-MSA (rural). MSAs and principal cities were as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/
metro-micro.html). Non-MSA areas include urban populations not located within an MSA as well as completely rural areas.
¶ Cells with denominator n<30 are not shownTop of Page
							
					
							Last Reviewed:  June 8, 2022						Source: 	National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
					Facebook
        Twitter
        LinkedIn
        Syndicate homeCOVIDVaxView Home
COVIDVaxView Interactive!plus icon
Weekly Dashboardplus icon
Child
Adult
Pregnant Persons
Monthly Dashboardplus icon
Adults
Children
Data Sources
Publications
COVID-19 Vaccination Mapping Tool Vaccines & ImmunizationsVaccine SafetyImmunization Action Coalitionexternal iconAIMexternal iconVaccine Education Centerexternal icon


About CDC
					Contact Us
					800-232-4636
 Facebook Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Youtube Pinterest Snapchat
 CONTACT CDC
				Contact Us
							Call 800-232-4636
							Email Us
			ABOUT CDC
				About CDC
							Jobs
							Funding
			POLICIES
				Accessibility
							External Links
							Privacy
							Policies
							No Fear Act
							FOIA
							OIG
							Nondiscrimination
							Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
			CONNECT WITH US
				Facebook
								Twitter
								Instagram
								LinkedIn
							Youtube
								Pinterest
								Snapchat
								Email
			LANGUAGES
				Español
							繁體中文
							Tiếng Việt
							한국어
							Tagalog
							Русский
							العربية
							Kreyòl Ayisyen
							Français
							Polski
							Português
							Italiano
							Deutsch
							日本語
							فارسی
							English


U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
			Accessibility
			External Links
			Privacy
			Policies
			No Fear Act
			FOIA
			Nondiscrimination
			OIG
			Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
			USA.gov


Exit Notification / Disclaimer Policy Close
 Links with this icon  indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
				Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
				You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
				CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Website Disclaimers
 Cancel Continue