## BART F IVE 

## F ACTOR 

## A NALYSIS



## A RKANSAS 

## E LECTRIC 

## C OOPERATIVE 

## C ORPORATION



## B AILEY AND 

## M C 

## C LELLAN 

## G ENERATING 

## S TATION S

Prepared By:

T RINITY 

### C ONSULTANTS



### , I NC



### . 120 East Sheridan, Suite 205

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104

(405) 228

- 3292

T RINITY 

### C ONSULTANTS



### , I NC



### . 977 Ridge Drive, Suite 380

Lenexa, Kansas 66219

(913) 894

- 4500

In conjunction with:

A RKANSAS 

### E LECTRIC COOPERATIVE CORPORAT ION



### PO Box 194208

Little Rock, Arkansas

( 501 ) 570

- 2420

Trinity Project No. 123701.0036

July 2012

Version 1

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation i Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## T ABLE OF 

## C ONTEN TS



### 1. E XECUTIVE 

### S UMMARY



### ................................ ................................ ........................ 1

- 1

2. I NTRODUCTION AND 

### B ACKGROUND



### ................................ ................................ .... 2

- 1

3. M ODELING 

### M ETHODOLOGIES AND 

### P ROCEDURES



### ................................ ............. 3

- 1

3.1 CALMET AND 

### CALPUFF

................................ ................................ ................... 3

- 1

3.2 CALPOST

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 3

- 1

4. E XISTING 

### E MISSIONS AND 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT



### ................................ ......... 4

- 1

4.1 NO X 

### , SO 2 

### , AND 

### PM 10 

### B ASELINE 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES



### ................................ ............... 4

- 1

4.2 B ASELINE 

### V IS IBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT



### ................................ ................................ ....... 4

- 2

5. SO 2 

### BART E VALUATION



### ................................ ................................ .................... 5

- 1

5.1 I DENTIFICATION OF 

### A VAILABLE 

### R ETROFIT 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES



### – F UEL



### O IL COMBUSTION



### ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 5

- 1

5.2 E LIMINATE 

### T ECHNICALL Y 

### I NFEASIBLE 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES



### ................ 5

- 1

5.2.1 D RY 

### S ORBENT 

### I NJECTION



### , S PRAY 

### D RYER 

### A BSORPTION 

### (SDA), W ET 

### S CRUBBER



### ,

C IRCULATING 

### D RY 

### S CRUBBER 

### (CDS)

................................ ................................ ............. 5

- 1

5.2.2 F UEL 

### S WITCHING



### ................................ ................................ ................................ 5

- 2



### 5.3 R ANK OF 

### T ECHNICALLY 

### F EASIBLE 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### O PTIONS BY 

### E FFECTIVENESS



### .. 5

- 2

5.4 E VALUATION OF 

### I MPACTS FOR 

### F EASIBLE 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROLS



### ................................ ..... 5

- 2

5.4.1 C OST OF 

### C OMPLIANCE



### ................................ ................................ ........................ 5

- 3

5.4.2 E NERGY 

### I MPACTS AND 

### N ON



### - A IR 

### Q UALITY 

### I MPACTS



### ................................ ......... 5

- 8

5.4.3 R EMAINING 

### U SEFUL 

### L IFE



### ................................ ................................ ................... 5

- 8



### 5.5 E VALUATION OF 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT OF 

### F EASIBLE 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROLS



### ...................... 5

- 8

5.6 P ROPOSED 

### B ART FOR 

### SO 2



### ................................ ................................ ................... 5

- 12

6. NO X 

### BART E VALUATION



### ................................ ................................ ................... 6

- 1

7. PM 10 

### BART E VALUATION



### ................................ ................................ .................. 7

- 1

7.1 I DENTIFICATION OF 

### A VAILABLE 

### R ETROFIT 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES



### ........ 7

- 1

7.2 E LIMINATE 

### T ECHNICALLY 

### I NFEASIBLE 

### PM C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES



### ................. 7

- 1

7.2.1 D RY 

### E LECTROSTATIC 

### P RECIPITATORS 

### (ESP)

................................ ..................... 7

- 1

7.2.2 W ET 

### E LECTROSTATIC 

### P RECIPITATORS 

### (ESP)

................................ ..................... 7

- 2

7.2.3 M ECHANICAL 

### C OLLECTORS 

### (C YCLONES 

### )

................................ .......................... 7

- 2

7.2.4 F ABRIC 

### F ILTER



### ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 7

- 2

7.2.5 W ET 

### S CRUBBER



### ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7

- 2

7.2.6 F UEL 

### S WITCHING



### ................................ ................................ ................................ 7

- 3



### 7.3 R ANK OF 

### T ECHNIC ALLY FEASIBLE 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### O PTIONS BY 

### E FFECTIVENESS



### . 7

- 3

7.4 E VALUATION OF 

### I MPACTS FOR 

### F EASIBLE 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROLS



### ................................ .. 7

- 4

7.4.1 C OST OF 

### C OMPLIANCE



### ................................ ................................ ........................ 7

- 4

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation ii Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan

7.4.1.1 Energy Impacts a nd Non

- Air Quality Impacts

................................ .... 7

- 5

7.4.1.2 Remaining Useful Life

................................ ................................ ......... 7

- 5



### 7.5 E VALUATION OF 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT OF 

### F EASIBLE 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROLS



### .................... 7

- 7

7.6 P ROPOSED 

### B ART FOR 

### PM 10



### ................................ ................................ ................. 7

- 11

A PPENDIX 

### A

- SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### C OST 

### C ALCULATIONS



### A PPENDIX 

### B

- PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### C OST 

### C ALCULATIONS



### A PPENDIX 

### C

- M ODELING 

### P ROTOCOL

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation iii Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## L IST OF 

## T ABLES

T ABLE 

### 1

- 1. E XISTING 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 AND 

### M C 

### C LELLAN



### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 1

- 1

T ABLE 

### 3

- 1. A NNUAL 

### A VERAGE 

### B ACKGROUND 

### C ONCENTRATION



### ................................ ..................... 3

- 2

T ABLE 

### 3

- 2. F L 

### (RH) L ARGE 

### RH A DJUSTMENT 

### F ACTORS



### ................................ ................................ ..... 3

- 3

T ABLE 

### 3

- 3. F S 

### (RH) S MALL 

### RH A DJUSTMENT 

### F ACTORS



### ................................ ................................ ..... 3

- 3

T ABLE 

### 3

- 4. F SS 

### (RH) S EA 

### S ALT 

### RH A DJUSTMENT 

### F ACTORS



### ................................ ............................... 3

- 3

T ABLE 

### 4

- 1. B ASELINE 

### M AXIMUM 

### 24

- HOUR 

### S O 2 

### , NO X 

### , AND 

### PM 10 

### E MISSION RATES 

### ( AS 

### H OURLY



### E QUIVALENTS 

### )

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 4

- 2

T ABLE 

### 4

- 2. B ASELINE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### B AILEY



### , U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

–

N ATURAL 

### G AS



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

- 3

T ABLE 

### 4

- 3. B ASELINE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMEN T 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### B AILEY



### , U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

–

F UEL 

### O IL



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4

- 3

T ABLE 

### 4

- 4. B ASELINE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### M C 

### C LELLAN



### , U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003), N ATURAL 

### G AS



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 4

- 4

T ABLE 

### 4

- 5. B ASELINE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRME NT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### M C 

### C LELLAN



### , U NIT 

### 1 (2001

-

2003), F UEL 

### O IL



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 4

- 4

TABLE 

### 5

- 2. A VAILABLE 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 A ND 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 5

- 1

T ABLE 

### 5

- 3. C ONTROL 

### E FFECTIVENESS OF 

### T ECHNICALLY 

### F EA SIBLE 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES 

### 5

- 2

T ABLE 

### 5

- 4. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### C URRENT 

### N O



### . 6

F UEL 

### O IL



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 5

- 4

T ABLE 

### 5

- 5. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### 1% S ULFUR 

### N O



### . 6

F UEL 

### O IL



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 5

- 4

T ABLE 

### 5

- 6. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### 0.5% S ULFUR 

### N O



### . 6

F UEL 

### O IL



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 5

- 5

T ABLE 

### 5

- 7. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### D IESEL



### ................. 5

- 5

T ABLE 

### 5

- 8. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### N ATURAL 

### G AS



### ..... 5

- 5

FIGURE 

### 5

- 1. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### N ATURAL 

### G AS



### .... 5

- 6

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation iv Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 5

- 9. S U MMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENESS FOR 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR CURRENT 

### N O



### . 6 F UEL



### O IL AT 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 5

- 7

T ABLE 

### 5

- 10. S UMMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENESS FOR 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR CURRENT 

### N O



### . 6 F UEL



### O IL AT 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 5

- 7

T ABLE 

### 5

- 11. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR 

### SO 2



### C ONTROL 

### A T 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1

................................ ................................ ................................ . 5

- 8

T ABLE 

### 5

- 12. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR 

### SO 2



### C ONTROL 

### A T 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1

................................ ................................ ........................ 5

- 9

T ABLE 

### 5

- 13. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS

FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

................................ ................................ .......................... 5

- 10

T ABLE 

### 5

- 14. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS

FOR 

### M C 

### C LELLA N 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

................................ ................................ ................. 5

- 11

T ABLE 

### 7

- 1. A VAILABLE 

### PM C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 AND 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 7

- 1

T ABLE 

### 7

- 3. C ONTROL 

### E FFECTIVENESS OF 

### T ECHNICALLY 

### F EASIBLE 

### PM C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES 

### 7

- 4

T ABLE 

### 7

- 4. S UMMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENESS FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 PM 10 

### C ONTROLS



### .................... 7

- 6

T ABLE 

### 7

- 5. S UMMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENESS FOR 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 PM 10 

### C ONTROLS



### ........... 7

- 6

T ABLE 

### 7

- 5. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### W ET 

### ESP FOR 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### 7

- 7

T ABLE 

### 7

- 6. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### W ET 

### S CRUBBER FOR 

### PM 10



### C ONTROL



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 7

- 7

T ABLE 

### 7

- 7. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### C YCLONE FOR 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### 7

- 7

T ABLE 

### 7

- 8. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS

FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

................................ ................................ ............................ 7

- 9

T ABLE 

### 7

- 9. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS

FOR 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

................................ ................................ ................. 7

- 10

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 1

- 1 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## 1. E XECUTIVE 

## S UMMARY

This report documents the determination of the Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) as

proposed by Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation ( AECC ) for the Unit 1 Boiler at the Bailey

Generatin g Station and the Unit 1 Boiler at the McClellan Generating Station

. Bailey Unit 1 is a

wall

- fired boiler with a maximum heat input of 1,350 million British thermal units per hour

(MMBtu/hr) that burn s natural gas and No. 6 fuel oil

. McClellan Unit 1 is a wall

- fired boiler with a

maximum heat input of 1,436 million British thermal units per hour (MMBtu/hr) that burns natural

gas and No. 6 fuel oil

.

Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) has determined based on results of air

dispersion mode ling that cumulative emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO

x 

### ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 

### ), and

particulate matter with a mass mean diameter smaller than ten microns (PM 10 

### ) from Bailey Unit 1 and

McClellan Unit 1 cause or contribute greater than 0.5 delta deciviews (∆d v) to visibility impairment

in f our Class I Areas: Caney Creek Wilderness (CACR), Upper Buffalo Wilderness (UPBU),

Hercules Glades Wilderness (HERC), and Mingo Wilderness (MING). Since both Bailey Unit 1 and

McClellan Unit 1 meet the three criteria that make a source BART

- eligible, the fact that Bailey Unit 1

and McClellan Unit 1 contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I area greater than 0.5 ∆dv means

that the boiler s are subject to BART.

A summary of the existing visibility impairment attri butable to the boilers based on the default natural

conditions is provided in Table 1

- 1. Note that the visibility impairment summarize d in Table 1

- 1 is

based on recent modeling conducted by Trinity Consultants (Trinity) using emissions data based on a

combination of stack testing and CEMS and AP

- 42 emission factors as further described in Section 4

of this report.

T ABLE 

### 1

- 1. E XISTING 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMEN T 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 AND



### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

Caney Creek

Wilderness Upper Buffalo

Wilderness Hercules

Glades

Wilderness Mingo

Wilderness

Unit / Fuel Scenario 98th

%

∆dv Days

> 0.5

∆dv 98th

%

∆dv Days

> 0.5

∆dv 98th

%

∆dv Days

> 0.5

∆dv 98th

%

∆dv Days

> 0.5

∆dv

Bailey, Unit 1

– Natural

Gas 0. 083 0 0.072 0 0.073 0 0.102 0

Bailey, Unit 1

– Fuel Oil 0.330 8 0.347 7 0.367 6 0.378 12

McClellan, Unit 1

–

Natural G as 0.125 3 0.052 0 0.040 0 0.058 0

McClellan, Unit 1

– Fuel

Oil 0.621 22 0.266 5 0.230 2 0.227 2

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 1

- 2 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan Trinity used the EPA’s BART guidelines in 40 CFR Part 51 1 

### to determine BART for Bailey Unit 1

and McClellan Unit 1 . Specifically, Trinity conducted a five

- step analysis to determine BART for

SO 2 

### and PM 10 

### that included the following:

1. 

### Identif

ying all available retrofit control technologies;

2. 

### Eliminat ing technically infeasible control technologies;

3. 

### Evaluat ing the control effectiveness of remaining control techn ologies;

4. 

### Evaluating impacts and document the results ;

5. 

### Evaluating visibility impacts

.

Based on the five

- step analysis, the following were determined to be BART:

▲ 

### SO 2 

### – AECC has determined that BART for both Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 is

switching fuels to fuels with 0.5% sulfur or less

.

▲ 

### NO

x 

### – AECC has determined that the requirements of the Cross State Air Pollution Rule

( CSAPR ) satisfy BART for NO X 

### from Bailey Unit 1and McClellan Unit 1

▲ 

### PM 10 

### – AECC has determined that no controls constitute BART

. Neither a fuel change n or add

on controls are cost effective or result in an improvement to the visibility impairment attributable

to the AECC boilers of greater than 0 .011 Δdv , an insignificant improvement

.

1 The BART guidelines were published as amendments to the EPA’s RHR in 40 CFR Part 51, Section 308 on July

6 , 2005.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 2

- 1 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## 2. I NTRODUCTION AND 

## B ACKGROUND

In the 1977 amen dments to the Clean Air Act (CAA), Congress set a national goal to restore

national parks and wilderness areas to pristine conditions by preventing any future, and

remedying any existing

, man

- made visibility impairment. On July 1, 1999, the U.S. EPA publi shed

the final Regional Haze Rule (RHR). The objective of the RHR is to restore visibility to pristine

conditions in 156 specific areas across the U nited States known as Class I areas. The CAA defines

Class I areas as certain national parks (over 6000 ac res), wilderness areas (over 5000 acres), national

memorial parks (over 5000 acres), and international parks that were in existence on

August 7, 1977.

The RHR requires States to set goals that provide for reasonable progress towards achieving natural

vis ibility conditions for each Class I area in their state. On July 6, 2005, the EPA published

amendments to its 1999 RHR, often called the Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) rule,

which included guidance for making source

- specific BART determinations . The BART rule defines

BART

- eligible sources as sources that meet the following criteria:

(1) Have potential emissions of at least 250 tons per year of a visibility

- impairing pollutant,

(2) Began operation between August 7, 1962 and August 7, 1977, and

(3) Are inc luded as one of the 26 listed source categories in the guidance.

A BART

- eligible source is subject to BART if the source is “reasonably anticipated to cause or

contribute to visibility impairment in any federal mandatory Class I area.” EPA has determined that a

source is reasonably anticipated to cause or contribute to visibility impairment if the 98 th 

### percentile

visibility impacts from the source are greater than 0.5 delta deciviews (∆dv) when compared against a

natural background

. 2 

### Air quality modeling is the tool that is used to determine a source’s visibility

impacts.

Once it is determined that a source is subject to BART, a BART determination must address air

pollution control measures for the source. The visibility regulations define BART as fol lows:

“...an emission limitation based on the degree of reduction achievable through the

application of the best system of continuous emission reduction for each pollutant

which is emitted by...[a BART

- eligible source]. The emission limitation must be

establ ished on a case

- by

- case basis, taking into consideration the technology available,

the cost of compliance, the energy and non air quality environmental impacts of

compliance, any pollution control equipment in use or in existence at the source, the

remaini ng useful life of the source, and the degree of improvement in visibility which

may reasonable be anticipated to result from the use of such technology.

Specifically, the BART rule states that a BART determination should address the following five

statuto ry factors:

1. 

### Existing controls

2. 

### Cost of controls

2 Note this is a change from th e ADEQ protocol with the 2006 CENRAP data, as the original analysis for

Arkansas reviewed the “High First High” impacts rather than the 98 th percentile impacts

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 2

- 2 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 3. 

### Energy and non

- air quality environmental impacts

4. 

### Remaining useful life of the source

5. 

### Degree of visibility improvement as a result of controls

Further, the BART rule indicates that the five basic steps in a B ART analysis can be summarized as

follows:

1. 

### Identify all available retrofit control technologies;

2. 

### Eliminate technically infeasible control technologies;

3. 

### Evaluate the control effectiveness of remaining control technologies;

4. 

### Evaluate impacts and document the results ;

5. 

### Evaluate visibility impacts

A BART determination should be made for each visibility affecting pollutant (VAP) by following the

five steps listed above for each VAP.

Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 meet the three BART

- eligibility criteria des cribed above

. Further, the existing visibility impairment attributable to each Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 is

greater than 0.5 dv in at least one Class I area. Thu s, both Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 are

subject to BART. The details of the Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 existing/baseline emissions

and the contribution of the emissions to visibility impairment can be found in Section 4 . The VAPs

emitted by Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 include NO

x 

### , SO 2 

### , and PM 10 

### of various forms

(fi lterable coarse particulate matter [PM

c 

### ], filterable fine particle matter [PM f 

### ], elemental carbon

[EC], inorganic condensable particulate matter [IOR CPM] as sulfates [SO 4 

### ], and organic

condensable particulate matter [OR CPM] also referred to as secondary organic aerosols [SOA]). The

BART determinations for SO 2 

### , NO

x 

### , and PM 10 

### can be found in Sections 5

, 6 , and 7 , respectively.

In accordance with the June 7 , 2012 EPA published a final rule allowing states participating in the Cross

State Air Pollution Ru le (CSAPR) trading program to use CSAPR to satisfy BART , AECC is proposing

to satisfy BART for NO

x 

### by complying with CSAPR at Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1

.

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 3

- 1 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## 3. M ODELING 

## M ETHODOLOGIES AND 

## P ROCEDURES

This section summari z es the dispersion modeling meth odologies and procedures applied in this

BART analysis

. All dispersion modeling has been conducted using the CALPUFF modeling system,

consisting of the CALPUFF dispersion model, the CALMET meteorological data processor, and the

CALPOST post

- processing pro gram.

CALPUFF is a multi

- layer, multi

- species, non

- steady

- state puff dispersion model, which can simulate

the effects of time and space varying meteorological conditions on pollutant transport, transformation,

and removal. CALPUFF uses three

- dimensiona l meteorological fields developed by the CALMET

model. In addition to meteorological data, several other input files are used by the CALPUFF model

to specify source and receptor parameters. The selection and control of CALPUFF options are

determined by us er

- specific inputs contained in the control file. This file contains all of the necessary

information to define a model run (e.g., starting date, run length, grid specifications, technical

options, output options). CALPOST processes concentration, deposi tion, and visibility impacts based

on pollutant specific concentrations predicted by CALPUFF.



## 3.1 CALMET AND 

## CALPUFF

The CALPUFF data and parameters are based on the 2005 BART modeling guidelines prepared for

the Central States Regional Air Planning Associat ion (CENRAP)

. The CALMET data and

parameters are based on the modeling protocol included in Appendix C. Note that the protocol

included in Appendix C summarizes modeling methods and procedures that were followed to predict

visibility impairment for sever al BART

- eligible sources located in Oklahoma as part of the BART

analyses for these sources

. In addition, several sources in Texas used the CALMET data that was

generated in accordance with the protocol in their BART analyses.



## 3.2 CALPOST

The CALPOST vi sibility processing completed for this BART analysis is based on the October 2010

guidance from the Federal Land M anagers Air Quality Related Values Workgroup (FLA G)

. Th e

2010 FLAG guidance, which was issued in draft form on July 8, 2008 and published as final guidance

in December 2010, makes technical revisions to the previous guidance issued in December 2000.

V isibility impairment is quantified using the light extinction coefficient ( b

ext 

### ), which is expressed in

terms of the haze index expressed in deci view s (dv). The haze index ( HI ) is calculated as follows:

T he impact of a source is determined by comparing the HI attributable to a source relative to

estimated natural background conditions. The change in the haze index, in de civiews, also referred to

as “delta dv,” or ∆dv, based on the source and background light extinction is based on the following

equation:

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 3

- 2 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) workgroup adopted a n

equation for predicting light extinction as part of the 20 10 FLAG guidance ( often referred to as the

new IMPROVE equation ). The new IMPROVE equation i s as follows :

Visibility impairment predictions for Ba iley Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 relied upon in this BART

analysis used the equation shown above. The use of this equation is referred to as “Method 8” in the

CALPOST control file. The use of Method 8 requires that one of fiv e different “ modes ” be select ed.

The modes specify the approach for addressing the growth of hygroscopic particles due to moisture in

the atmosphere

. “ Mode 5 ” has been used in this BART analysis. Mode 5 addresses moisture in the

atmosphere in a similar way as to “Method 6”, where “ Method 6” is specified as the preferred

approach for use with the old IMPROVE equation in the CENRAP BART modeling protocol.

CALPOST Method 8 , Mode 5 requires the following:

▲ 

### Annual average concentrations reflecting natural background for various particl es and for sea salt

▲ 

### Monthly RH factors for large and small ammonium sulfates and nitrates and for sea salts

▲ 

### Rayleigh scattering parameter corrected for site

- specific elevation

Tables 3

- 1 to Table 3

- 4 below show the values for the data described above that were input to

CALPOST for use with Method 8, Mode 5. The values were obtained from the 2010 FLAG guidance.

T ABLE 

### 3

- 1. A NNUAL 

### A VERAGE 

### B ACKGROUND 

### C ONCENTRATION

Class I Area (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 NH 4 NO 3 OM EC Soil CM Sea Salt Rayleigh

(Mm - 1 )

Caney Creek Wilderness 0 .23 0.1 1.8 0.02 0.5 3 0.03 11

Upper Buffalo Wilderness 0.23 0.1 1.8 0.02 0.5 3 0.03 11

Hercules Glades Wilderness 0.23 0.1 1.8 0.02 0.5 3 0.02 11

Mingo Wilderness 0.23 0.1 1.83 0.02 0.51 3.05 0.04 12

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 3

- 3 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan

T ABLE 

### 3

- 2

. F L 

### (RH) L ARGE 

### RH A DJUSTMENT 

### F ACTORS

Cla ss I Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Caney Creek Wilderness 2.77 2.53 2.37 2.43 2.68 2.71 2.59 2.6 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.79

Upper Buffalo Wilderness 2.71 2.48 2.31 2.33 2.61 2.64 2.57 2.59 2.71 2.58 2.59 2.72

Hercules Glades Wilderness 2 .7 2.48 2.3 2.3 2.57 2.59 2.56 2.6 2.69 2.54 2.57 2.72

Mingo Wilderness 2.73 2.52 2.34 2.28 2.53 2.6 2.64 2.67 2.71 2.56 2.56 2.73



### T ABLE 

### 3

- 3

. F S 

### (RH) S MALL 

### RH A DJUSTMENT 

### F ACTORS

Class I Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Caney Creek Wilderness 3.85 3.44 3.14 3.24 3.66 3.71 3.49 3.51 3.73 3.72 3.68 3.88

Upper Buffalo Wilderness 3.73 3.33 3.03 3.07 3.54 3.57 3.43 3.5 3.71 3.51 3.52 3.74

Hercules Glades Wilderness 3.7 3.33 3.01 3.01 3.47 3.48 3.41 3.51 3.67 3.43 3.46 3.73

Mingo Wilder ness 3.74 3.38 3.07 2.97 3.39 3.52 3.57 3.64 3.72 3.47 3.43 3.74



### T ABLE 

### 3

- 4

. F SS 

### (RH) S EA 

### S ALT 

### RH A DJUSTMENT 

### F ACTORS

Class I Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Caney Creek Wilderness 3.9 3.52 3.31 3.41 3.83 3.88 3.69 3.68 3.82 3.76 3.7 7 3.93

Upper Buffalo Wilderness 3.85 3.47 3.23 3.27 3.72 3.78 3.69 3.7 3.84 3.64 3.67 3.86

Hercules Glades Wilderness 3.86 3.51 3.23 3.22 3.66 3.72 3.69 3.73 3.81 3.57 3.65 3.88

Mingo Wilderness 3.92 3.58 3.3 3.19 3.58 3.72 3.8 3.82 3.85 3.61 3.66 3.9

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 4

- 1 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan



## 4. E XISTING 

## E MISSIONS AND 

## V ISIBILITY 

## I MPAIRMENT

This section summarizes the existing (i.e. baseline) visibility impairment attributable to Bailey Unit 1

and McClellan Unit 1 based on air quality modeling conducted by Trinity.



## 4.1 NO X 

## , SO 2 

## , AND 

## PM 10 

## B ASELINE 

## E MISSION 

## R ATES

Table 4

- 1 summarizes the emission rates that were modeled for SO 2 

### , NO

x 

### , and PM 10 

### , including the

speciated PM 10 

### emissions. The SO 2 

### and NO

x 

### emission rates are the highest actual 24

- hour emission

rates based on 200 1

- 200 3 continuous emissions mo nitoring system (CEMS) data. The CEMS data

has been broken out to distinguish SO 2 

### and NO

x 

### from burning No. 6 fuel oil and natural gas

individually.

The PM 10 

### emission rate s are from maximum burner capacities with emission factors from AP

- 42 1.3

-

1 for No . 6 fuel oil and AP

- 42 1.4

- 2 for natural gas.

For the No. 6 fuel oil case

, t he emission rates for the PM 10 

### species shown in Table 4

- 1 reflect the

breakdown of the PM 10 

### determined from the National Park Service (NPS) “speciation spreadsheet”

for Uncontro lled Utility Residual Oil Boilers

. 3 

### More specifically, the NPS workbook shows the

following baseline distribution s for the PM species from No. 6 fuel oil at Bailey and McClellan,

respectively :

▲ 

### Coarse PM (PM C 

### ) = 24.5%, 23.9 %

▲ 

### Fine soil (modeled as PM F 

### ) = 6 1.0 % , 64.3%

▲ 

### Fine elemental carbon (modeled as EC) = 4.9 % , 4.8%

▲ 

### Organic condensable PM (modeled as SOA) = 1 .4 % , 1.8%

▲ 

### Inorganic condensable PM (modeled as SO 4 

### ) = 8.2 % , 10.0%

For the natural gas case t he emission rates for the PM 10 

### species reflect the break down of the filterable

and condensable PM 10 

### determined from AP

- 42 Table 1.4

- 2 Combustion of Natural Gas

. A ll filterable

PM was assumed to be elemental carbon , as this is the assumption that the NPS uses for filterable

PM 10 

### from natural gas fired combustio n turbines

. All of the condensable PM was assumed to be

SOA, except for a small fraction of the condensable PM that was estimated to be SO 4



### . One

- third of

the estimated SO 2 

### emissions were separated and adjusted for differences in molecular weight to

repre sent SO 4 

### emissions. This essentially double counts some of the fuel sulfur based emissions as

SO 2 

### but also as SO 4 

### . Since pipeline natural gas contains very little sulfur, both the SO 2 

### and SO 4 

### emission rates are very low.

3 The NPS Workbook, " Uncontrolled Utility Residual Oil Boiler .xls" updated 03/2006, was obtained from the

NPS website: http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Permits/ect/index.cfm. The following parameters were input into the

workbook for speciation determination for Bailey: #6 oil with a sulfur content of 1.81%, and a heat input of 1,350

MMBtu/hr and for McClellan: #6 oil with a sulfur content of 1.38%, and a heat input of 1,436 MMBtu/hr.

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 4

- 2 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 4

- 1

. B ASELINE 

### M AXIMU M 

### 24

- HOUR 

### SO 2 

### , NO X 

### , AND 

### PM 10 

### E MISSION RATES 

### ( AS 

### H OURLY



### E QUIVALENTS 

### )

Unit / Fuel SO 2 4 

### NO

x 5 Total

PM 10 SO 4 PM

c PM f SOA EC

Scenario (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr)

Bailey, Unit 1

–

Fuel Oil 2,375.8 408.8 4 9.4 4.0 12.1 30.2 0 .7 2.4

McClellan, Unit 1

–

Fuel Oil 2,747.5 579.8 48.2 4.8 11.5 28.7 0.8 2.3

Bailey, Unit 1

–

Natural Gas 0.5 443.8 10.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 7.4 2.5

McClellan, Unit 1

–

Natural Gas 0.6 423.9 10.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 7.9 2.7



## 4.2 B ASELINE 

## V ISIBILITY 

## I MPAIRMENT

Trinity condu cted modeling to determine the visibility impairment attributable to Bailey Unit 1 and

McClellan Unit 1 in four Class I Areas: Caney Creek Wilderness (CACR), Upper Buffalo Wilderness

(UPBU), Hercules Glades Wilderness (HERC), and Mingo Wilderness (MING) us ing the CALPUFF

dispersion model.

Table 4

- 2 through Table 4

- 5 provide a summary of the modeled visibility im pairment attributable to

Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 at CACR, UPBU, HERC, and MING based on the emission rates

shown in Table 4

- 1

. Note t hat all of the CALMET, CALPUFF, and CALPOST modeling files are

included as part of the electronic files submitted with this document

.

4 Hourly rates were derived from EPA’s Clean Air Market Database (CAMD) daily rates of 12 lb/day and 14

lb/day from natural gas at Bailey and McClellan, respectively, an d 57,018 lb/day and 65,940 lb/day from No. 6 fuel oil at

Bailey and McClellan, respectively.

5 Hourly rates were derived from EPA’s Clean Air Market Database (CAMD) daily rates of 10,650 lb/day and

10,174 lb/day from natural gas at Bailey and McClellan , respectively , and 9,812 lb/day and 13,914 lb/day from No. 6 fuel oil

at Bailey and McClellan, respectively.

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 4

- 3 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 4

- 2

. B ASELINE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MP AIRMENT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### B AILEY



### , U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

– N ATURAL 

### G AS

Year Maximum

(Δdv) 98th

Percentile

(Δdv) No. of Day

with Δdv ≥

0.5 98th

Percentile

% SO 4 98th

Percentile

% NO 3 98th

Percentile

% PM 10 98th

Percentile

% NO 2

Caney Creek Wilderness

2001 0.137 0.083 0 0.28 96.36 0.00 0.00

2002 0.219 0.075 0 0.31 95.93 0.00 0.5 4

2003 0.170 0. 072 0 0.40 91.98 0.00 2.10

Upper Buffalo Wilderness

2001 0.089 0.04 0 0.23 95.01 0.00 1.72

2002 0.16 0 0.031 0 0.30 86.44 0.00 7.77

2003 0.17 0 0.072 0 0.29 95.02 0.00 1.26

Hercules Glades Wilderness

2001 0.238 0.056 0 0.23 96.39 0.00 0.31

2002 0.067 0.039 0 0.88 87.67 0.00 0.67

2003 0.175 0.073 0 0.22 92.76 0.00 3.3 5

Mingo Wilderness

2001 0.154 0.07 0 0.29 90.58 0.00 3.72

2002 0.443 0.084 0 0.43 83.07 0.00 8.58

2003 0.201 0.102 0 0.45 83.34 0.00 8.11



### T ABLE 

### 4

- 3

. B ASELINE 

### V ISIB ILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### B AILEY



### , U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

– F UEL 

### O IL

Year Maximum

(Δdv) 98th

Percentile

(Δdv) No. of Day

with Δdv ≥

0.5 98th

Percentile

% SO 4 98th

Percentile

% NO 3 98th

Percentile

% PM 10 98th

Percentile

% NO 2

Caney Creek Wilderness

20 01 0.683 0.306 2 75.75 22.53 0.68 0.44

2002 0.743 0.33 0 3 87.24 12.12 0.26 0.14

2003 0.969 0.326 3 98.84 0.81 0.18 0.00

Upper Buffalo Wilderness

2001 0.686 0.327 3 94.36 4.99 0.33 0.00

2002 0.667 0.303 1 73. 86 21.43 1.56 1.65

2003 0.695 0.347 3 90.8 1 8.44 0.38 0.02

Hercules Glades Wilderness

2001 0.686 0.327 3 98.46 1.07 0.24 0.00

2002 0.634 0.248 2 80.45 18.66 0.41 0.13

2003 0.646 0.367 1 82.91 14.45 0.93 0.80

Mingo Wilderness

2001 0.522 0.354 1 89.73 8.38 0.74 0.41

2002 1.589 0.378 7 94.08 4.69 0.56 0.11

2003 0.695 0.347 3 66.29 29.30 1.26 1.88

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 4

- 4 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 4

- 4

. B ASELINE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### M C 

### C LELLAN



### , U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

, N ATURAL 

### G AS

Year Maximum

(Δdv) 98th

Percentile

(Δdv) No. of Day

with Δdv ≥

0.5 98th

Percentile

% SO 4 98th

Percentile

% NO 3 98th

Percentile

% PM 10 98th

Percentile

% NO 2

Caney Creek Wilderness

2001 0.670 0.116 1 0.31 93.69 0.00 1.57

2002 0.175 0.092 0 0.55 82.94 0.00 8.15

2003 0.538 0.125 2 0.39 87.09 0.00 5.89

Upper Buffalo Wilderness

2001 0.096 0.048 0 0.38 92.78 0.00 1.41

2002 0.258 0.031 0 0.32 94.54 0.00 1.10

2003 0.112 0.052 0 0.34 91.78 0.00 3.05

Hercules Glades Wilderness

2001 0.064 0.034 0 0.29 93.50 0.00 1.79

2002 0.082 0.022 0 0.74 88.76 0.00 0.41

2003 0.092 0.04 0 0.74 86.01 0.00 3.07

Mingo Wilderness

2001 0.091 0.032 0 0.30 92.13 0.00 3.67

2002 0.132 0.058 0 0.33 91.96 0.00 2.58

2003 0.107 0.034 0 0.37 90.42 0.00 3.35



### T ABLE 

### 4

- 5. B ASELINE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT 

### A TTRIBUTABLE TO 

### M C 

### C LELLAN



### , U NIT 

### 1

(2001

- 2003), F UEL 

### O IL

Year Maximum

(Δdv) 98th

Percentile

(Δdv) No. of Day

with Δdv ≥

0.5 98th

Percentile

% SO 4 98th

Percentile

% NO 3 98th

Percentile

% PM 10 98th

Percentile

% NO 2

Caney Creek Wilderness

2001 1.676 0.621 10 89.94 9.63 0. 21 0.00

2002 1.01 8 0.386 3 86.53 11.33 0.69 0.74

200 3 3.007 0.616 9 82.89 15.76 0.36 0.62

Upper Buffalo Wilderness

2001 0.603 0.257 2 84.16 15.04 0.42 0.01

2002 1.319 0.183 1 77.46 21.07 0.59 0.30

2003 0.598 0.266 2 98.58 0.95 0.24 0.00

Hercules Glades Wilderness

2001 0.510 0.230 1 78.80 20.24 0.50 0.01

2002 0.462 0.166 0 59.40 37.95 0.98 0.76

2003 0.660 0.209 1 76.44 20.41 1.05 1.09

Mingo Wilderness

2001 0.416 0.277 0 81.05 17.97 0.50 0.01

2002 0.546 0.212 2 59.52 37.19 0.98 1.39

2003 0.469 0.202 0 87.57 11.29 0.54 0.09

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 5

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BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## 5. SO 2 

## BART E VALUATION



## 5.1 I DENTIFICATION OF 

## A VAILABLE 

## R ETROFIT 

## SO 2 

## C ONTROL



## T ECHNOLOGIES



## – F UEL 

## O IL COMBUSTION

Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 currently combust No. 6 fuel oil and natural gas. Because the

SO 2 

### emissions profile from natural gas is so small, no additional controls will be considered for

combustion of natural gas. This section concerns controlling SO 2 

### emissions from the combustion of

No. 6 fuel oil.

Sulfur oxides, SO

x 

### , are generated during fuel oil combustion from the oxidation of sulfur contained in

the fuel. SO

x 

### emissions are almost entirely dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel and are not

affected by boiler size or burner design. SO

x 

### emission from conventional combustion systems are

predominantly in the form of SO 2 

### . Since SO 2 

### is the predominant sulfur compound emitted from the

AECC boilers, the BART a nalysis is specific to emissions of SO 2



### .

Step 1 of the top

- down control review is to identify available retrofit control options for SO 2 

### . The

available SO 2 

### retrofit control technologies for the AECC boil ers are summarized in Table 5

- 2. The

retrofit controls include both add

- on controls that eliminate SO 2 

### after it is formed and switching to

lower sulfur fuels which reduces the formation of SO 2



### .

TABLE 

### 5

- 2

. A VAILABLE 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 A ND 

### M C 

### C LELLAN



### U NIT 

### 1

SO 2 Control Technologies

Dry Sorbent Injection

Spray Dry er Absorber (SDA) i.e., Semi

- Dry Scrubber

Wet Scrubber

Circulating Dry Scrubber (CDS)

Fuel Switching



## 5.2 E LIMINATE 

## T ECHNICALLY 

## I NFEASIBLE 

## SO 2 

## C ONTROL 

## T ECHNOLOGIES

Step 2 of the BART determination is to eliminate technically infeasible SO 2 

### control technologies that

were identified in Step 1.



### 5.2.1 D RY 

### S ORBENT 

### I NJECTION



### , S PRAY 

### D RYER 

### A BSORPTION 

### (SDA), W ET 

### S CRUBBER



### , C IRCULATING 

### D RY 

### S CRUBBER 

### (CDS)

These technologies are collectively known as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.

FGD applications have not been used historically for SO 2 

### control on oil

- fired units in the

U.S. electric industry. As there are no known FGD applications for oil

- fired units, the

performance of FGDs on oil

- fired units is unknown. EPA took this into account when

evaluating the presumptive SO 2 

### emission rate for oil

- fired units and determined that the

presumptive emission rate should be based on the sulfur content of the fuel oil, rather than

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 5

- 2 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan

on FGD rates 6



### . Since there are no applications of FGD on oil

- fired units in the U.S., FGDs

are considered technically infeasible for the control of SO 2 

### from Bailey Unit 1 and

McClellan Unit 1 and are not considered further for BART.



### 5.2.2 F UEL 

### S WITCHING



### The AECC boilers curre ntl y burn residual fuel oil with an average sulfur content of 1.81

percent by weight at Bailey Unit 1 and 1.38 percent by weight at McClellan Unit 1

. Switching to a fuel with lower sulfur content should reduce SO 2 

### emissions in proportion to

the reduction in the sulfur content of the fuel , assuming similar heat contents of the fuels

. In the case of No. 2 fuel and natural gas with different fuel heat contents, NPS speciation in

conjunction with sulfur content is used to determine the SO 2 

### emissions

. No. 2 f uel oil

(diesel) is available and could be burned in the boilers. Lower sulfur No. 6 fuel oil is also

available and could also be burned in the boilers. Natural gas has less sulfur than either

No. 6 or No. 2 fuel oil and is a technically feasible option.



## 5.3 R ANK OF 

## T ECHNICALLY 

## F EASIBLE 

## SO 2 

## C ONTROL 

## O PTIONS BY



## E FFECTIVENESS

The third step in the BART analysis is to rank the technically feasible options according to

effectiveness. Fuel switching is the only technically feasible control option. SO 2 

### emissions from fuel

combustion are generally proportional to the sulfur content of the fuel. For example, combusting

diesel oil (0. 05 percent sulfur ) should result in approximately a 96

- 97 percent reduction in SO 2



### emissions from the AECC boilers as compared to the combustion of the current No. 6 fuel oil

( 1.81 and 1.38 percent sulfur)

.

Table 5

- 3 provides a ranking of the control levels for switching fuels in the AECC boilers.

T ABLE 

### 5

- 3. C ONTROL 

### E FFECTIVENESS OF 

### T ECHNICALLY 

### F EASIBLE 

### S O 2 

### C ONTROL



### T ECHNOLOGIES

Fue l Switching to: Estimated Control

Efficiency

(Bailey, McClellan)

1% sulfur No. 6 fuel oil 45%, 28%

0.5% sulfur No. 6 fuel oil 72%, 64%

0.05% sulfur diesel 97%, 96%

Natural gas 99.9%, 99.9%



## 5.4 E VALUATION OF 

## I MPACTS FOR 

## F EASIBLE 

## S O 2 

## C ONTROLS

Step four of the BART analysis procedure is the impact analysis. The BART determination

guidelines list the four factors to be considered in the impact analysis:

6 Summary of Comments and Responses on the 2004 and 2001 Proposed Guidelines for Best Available Retrofit

Technology (BART) Determinations Under the Regional Haze Regulations EPA Docket Number OAR

- 2002

- 0076.

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 5

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BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan ▲ 

### Cost of compliance

▲ 

### Energy impacts

▲ 

### Non

- air quality impacts; and

▲ 

### The remaining us eful life of the source



### 5.4.1 C OST OF 

### C OMPLIANCE



### Control Costs

The cost of the fuel switching that w as used in the cost effectiveness calculations w as

determined by calculating the annual cost of the current No. 6 fuel oil and determining the

increased cost of s witching to the various fuels

. Switching fuel to diesel will require

changes to the burners and the fuel system. However, for this analysis capital expenses

were not included. The details of the cost estimates are provided in Appendix A of this

report.

As AE CC currently burns both No. 6 fuel oil and natural gas at Bailey and McClellan , the

costs for these fuels were based on historical pricing , as an average dollar per MMBtu from

2000 to 2011

. The s upplier of the existing fuels (i.e. No. 6 fuel oil a nd natural gas)

provided cost estimates for lower sulfur No. 6 fuel oil s and diesel.

Annual Tons Reduced

The annual tons reduced that were used in the cost effectiveness calculations were

determined by subtracting the estimated controlled annual emissio n rates from the baseline

annual emission rates.

The baseline and controlled annual emission rates were estimated by conducting a mass

balance on the sulfur in the various fuels. The No. 2 fuel emission rate, for example, was

determined by first using the No. 2 fuel oil heat content to determine the quantity of No. 2

fuel that wo uld be used per year:

Average annual heat input from 2007

- 2011/No. 2 oil heat content

The tons per year of sulfur was calculated:

No. 2 fuel use per year * No. 2 oil densit y * Sulfur content in No. 2 fuel

Then the NPS speciation spreadsheet for distillate fuel was used to derive the percent of

sulfur represented as SO 4



### . The remaining sulfur is represented as SO 2



### . Tables 5

- 4 through

and 5

- 8 provide a summary of the mass ba lance data and calculations for the future annual

SO 2 

### emission rates. Note that the percentage of sulfur that is indicated to be emitted as

SO 4 

### in both Tables 5

- 4 and 5

- 8 is based on the percentage of the baseline annual sulfur that

was determined to be S O 4 

### , as described in Section 4.

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 5

- 4 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 5

- 4. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### C URRENT



### N O



### . 6 F UEL 

### O IL

Parameter Bailey McClellan

No. 6 Oil Heat Content (MMBtu/Mgal) 155 155

Fuel Use (gal/yr) 252,855 1,882,146

No. 6 Oil Density (lb/gal) 8.26 8.26

Average Sulfur in No. 6 Oil (%) 1.81 1.38

Average Sulfur in No. 6 Oil (tpy) 18.90 107.27

SO4 [Assume CPM IOR = SO4] (lb/hr) 20.90 27.80

SO4[Assume CPM IOR = SO4] (tpy) 10.61 72.14

SO4 as Sulfur in Fuel [A ssume 1 mol S for each mol SO4] (tpy) 3.54 24.05

% S as SO4 18.71% 22.42%

Sulfur Available for SO2 Formation [backing out Sulfur for SO4] 15.36 83.22

% S as SO2 81.29% 77.58%

SO2 (tpy) 30.73 166.45



### T ABLE 

### 5

- 5. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MIS SIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### 1% S ULFUR



### N O



### . 6 F UEL 

### O IL

Parameter Bailey McClellan

No. 6 Oil Heat Content (MMBtu/Mgal) 155 155

Fuel Use (gal/yr) 252,855 1,882,146

No. 6 Oil Density (lb/gal) 8.26 8.26

Sulfur in No. 6 Oil (%) 1 1

Sulfur in No. 6 Oil (tpy) 10 .44 77.73

% S as SO4 12.39% 12.39%

Sulfur Available for SO2 Formation [backing out Sulfur for SO4] 9.15 68.10

% S as SO2 87.61% 87.61%

SO2 (tpy) 18.30 136.20

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 5

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BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 5

- 6. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### 0.5% S ULFUR



### N O



### . 6 F UEL 

### O IL

Parameter Bailey McClellan

No. 6 Oil Heat Content (MMBtu/Mgal) 155 155

Fuel Use (gal/yr) 252,855 1,882,146

No. 6 Oil Density (lb/gal) 8.26 8.26

Sulfur in No. 6 Oil (%) 0.5 0.5

Sulfur in No. 6 Oil (tpy) 5.22 38.87

% S as SO4 18.25 % 18.25%

Sulfur Available for SO2 Formation [backing out Sulfur for SO4] 4.27 31.77

% S as SO2 81.75% 81.75%

SO2 (tpy) 8.54 63.55



### T ABLE 

### 5

- 7. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### D IESEL

Parameter Bailey McClellan

No. 2 Oil Hea t Content (MMBtu/Mgal) 136.15 136.15

Fuel Use (gal/yr) 287,863 2,142,730

No. 2 Oil Density (lb/gal) 7.0 7.0

Sulfur in No. 2 Oil (%) 0.05 0.05

Sulfur in No. 2 Oil (tpy) 0.50 3.75

% S as SO4 5.61% 5.61%

Sulfur Available for SO2 Formation [backing out Sulfur for SO4] 0.48 3.54

% S as SO2 94.39% 94.39%

SO2 (tpy) 0.95 7.08



### T ABLE 

### 5

- 8. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### N ATURAL 

### G AS

Parameter Bailey McClellan

Natural Gas Heat Content (MMBtu/Mscf) 1,011.00 1,011.00

Fuel Use (scf/yr) 38,766 288,558

Natural Gas Density (lb/scf) 0.5825 0.5798

Sulfur in N.G (%) 0.0437 0.0435

Sulfur in N.G. (tpy) 0.00 0.04

% S as SO4 1.22% 1.33%

Sulfur Available for SO2 Formation [backing out Sulfur for SO4] 0.00 0.04

% S as SO2 98.7 8% 98.67%

SO2 (tpy) 0.01 0.07

### Arkansas Ele ctric Cooperative Corporation 5

- 6 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan

Cost Effectiveness

Table 5

- 9 presents a summary of the cost effectiveness of switching from the current No. 6

fuel oil to the lower sulfur fuels . The cost effectiveness was determined by dividing the

annual cost increas e of fuel switching by the annual tons of SO 2 

### re duced. Table s 5

- 9 and

5

- 10 indicate that the cost of switching to lower sulfur No. 6 fuel oil is a minimum of

$23,000/ton of SO

2 

### reduced. Fuel switching to diesel is greater than $21,000/ton for

Bailey Unit 1 and almost $28,000/ton for McClellan Unit 1. Fuel switching to natural gas

is estimated to be nearly $2,000/ton for Bailey Unit 1 and $500/ton for McClellan Unit 1.

AECC believes for fuel switching analyses, it may not be prudent to compare pricing

between natural gas and fuel oil due to the fuel price variability. I t is important to note

that, with fuel price variability, the cost effectiveness values summarized above will vary

from year to year. For instance, over the past ten years , there were p eriods of time when

fuel oil was less expensive than natural gas. During those times, the cost effectiveness

numbers would yield different results

– with the natural gas cost effectiveness numbers

being greater than the fuel oil cost effectiveness numbers

.

This is demonstrated in Figure 5

- 1, below

, which is a historical graph of costs of natural

gas and fuel oil from years 2003 through 2012. In four out of the last ten years, natural gas

prices have been higher than fuel oil prices.

FIGURE 

### 5

- 1. S UMMARY OF 

### F UTURE 

### A NNUAL 

### SO 2 

### E MISSIONS 

### A SSOCIATED WITH 

### N ATURAL 

### G AS

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 5

- 7 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 5

- 9

. S UMMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENESS FOR 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR CURRENT 

### N O



### . 6 F UEL 

### O IL AT 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1

T ABLE 

### 5

- 10

. S UMMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENESS FOR 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR CURRENT 

### N O



### . 6 F UEL 

### O IL AT 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Co rporation 5

- 8 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

### 5.4.2 E NERGY 

### I MPACTS AND 

### N ON



### - A IR 

### Q UALITY 

### I MPACTS



### There are no energy or non

- air quality impacts associated with fuel switching to 1% sulfur

No. 6 fuel oil, 0.5% sulfur No. 6 fuel oil, or diesel. Switching to natural gas may have an

i mpact during periods of natural gas curtailments. However, temporary permitted use of

fuel oil would provide for electric grid reliability.



### 5.4.3 R EMAINING 

### U SEFUL 

### L IFE



### The remaining useful li ves of Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 do not impact the

annualized capital costs since it is assumed that fuel switching will not require any

significant capital costs , and thus for the purpose of this analysis there is nothing to

capitalize that would require a review of the life of the equipment

.



## 5.5 E VALUATION OF 

## V ISIBILI TY 

## I MPACT OF 

## F EASIBLE 

## SO 2 

## C ONTROLS

A final impact analysis was conducted to assess the visibility improvement associated with switching

fuels

. Table s 5

- 11 and 5

- 12 summarize the lb/hr emission rates that were modeled to reflect fuel

switching as a contro l at Bailey and McClellan, respectively

. The SO 2 

### emission rate in lb/MMBtu

associated with the combustion of a particular fuel was calculated by scaling the existing rolling 30

- day average emission rate from 2001 to 2003 by the ratio of the sulfur content of the new fuel and the

current maximum annual average sulfur content from 2009

- 2011

. The lb/MMBtu was converted to

lb/hr by dividing by the boiler design heat input

. The calculation of the SO 2 

### emission rate for the one

percent sulfur fuel oil for Baile y Unit 1 is provided for an example:

= 0.880 lb/MMBtu

= 1,187.62 lb/hr

The SO 4 

### emission rate was determined assuming the reduction in SO 4 

### is proportional to the reduction

in SO 2 

### from the baseline case to the controlled case. The NO

x 

### emission rate was modeled at the

baseline rate. The PM species was modeled the same as the baseline No. 6 fuel oil case.

T ABLE 

### 5

- 11

. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR 

### SO 2



### C ONTROL 

### A T 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1

Bailey Unit 1 SO 2

(lb/hr) SO 4

(lb/hr) 

### NO

x

(lb/hr) PM C

(lb/hr) PM F

(lb/hr) SOA

(lb/hr) EC

(lb/hr) PM 10, total

(lb/hr)

1% sulfur fuel oil

No. 6 1,187.6 2.0 408.8 12.1 30.2 0.7 2.4 49.4

0.5 % sulfur fuel

oil No. 6 593.8 1.0 408.8 12.1 30.2 0.7 2.4 49.4

Die sel 59.4 0.1 408.8 12.1 30.2 0.7 2.4 49.4

Natural gas 0.5 0.3 443.8 0.0 0.0 7.4 2.5 10.2

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Co rporation 5

- 9 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 5

- 12

. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### F UEL 

### S WITCHING FOR 

### SO 2



### C ONTROL 

### A T 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1

McClellan Unit 1 SO 2

(lb/hr) SO 4

(lb/hr) 

### NO

x

(lb/hr) PM C

(lb/hr) PM F

(lb/hr) SOA

(lb/hr) EC

(lb/hr) PM 10, total

(lb/hr)

1% sulfur fuel oil

No. 6 2,317.1 4.0 579.8 11.5 28.7 0.8 2.3 48.2

0.5 % sulfur fuel

oil No. 6 1,158.5 2.0 579.8 11.5 28.7 0.8 2.3 48.2

Diesel 115.9 0.2 579.8 115.5 28.7 0.8 2.3 48.2

Natural gas 0.6 0.3 423.9 0.0 0.0 7.9 2.7 10.9



### Comparisons of the existing visibility impacts and the visibility impacts based on fuel switching

, including the maximum modeled visibility impact, 98 th 

### percentile modeled visibility impact, and the

number of days with a modeled visibility impact greater than 0.5 Δdv, for each Class I area are

provided in Table s 5

- 13 and 5

- 14 . The visibility improvement associated with fuel switching was

calculated as the difference between the existing visibility impairment and th e visibility impairment

for the various fuels as measured by the 98 th 

### percentile modeled visibility impact

.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 5

- 10 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 5

- 13

. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

Caney Creek Wilderness Upper Buffalo Wilderness Hercules Glades Wilderness Mingo NWR

Maximum Impac t (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv)

98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement*

Baseline Emission Rate

– (fuel oil) 0.969 0.330 8

- 0.695 0.347 7

- 0.686 0.367 6

- 1.589 0.378 12

-

1% sulfur fuel oil No. 6 0.547 0.195 1 40.91% 0.380 0.196 0 43.52% 0.411 0.208 0 43.32% 1.014 0.211 2 44.18%

0.5 % sulfur fuel oil No. 6 0.340 0.145 0 56.06% 0 .234 0.132 0 61.96% 0.286 0.140 0 56.06% 0.716 0.178 1 52.91%

Diesel 0.217 0.087 0 73.64% 0.161 0.074 0 78.67% 0.228 0.073 0 80.11 % 0.441 0.100 0 73.54 %

Natural gas 0.219 0.083 0 74.85% 0.170 0.072 0 79.25% 0.238 0.073 0 80.11% 0.443 0.102 0 73.02%

*Improvement is based on the 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) for the control scenario compared to the 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) baseline impact (Δdv)

†The visibility improvement shown in the table has been calculated from 98 th percentile baseline and controlled impacts that include more d ecimal places than

what is shown in the table. Due to rounding of the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table, the visibility improvement calculated from

the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table may be slightly different than the visibility improvement reflected in the table.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 5

- 11 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 5

- 14. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### SO 2 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS FOR 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

Caney Creek Wilderness Upper Buffalo Wilderness Hercules Glades Wilderness Mingo NWR Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility I mprovement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement*

Baseline Emission Rate 3.007 0.621 22

- 1.319 0.266 5

- 0.660 0.230 2

- 0.546 0.227 2

-

1% sulfur fuel oil No. 6 2.675 0.538 18 13.37% 1.172 0.232 4 12.78% 0.5 63 0.202 1 12.17% 0.479 0.194 0 14.54%

0.5 % sulfur fuel oil No. 6 1.737 0.325 8 47.67% 0.767 0.147 1 44.74% 0.296 0.117 0 49.13% 0.328 0.139 0 38.77%

Diesel 0.934 0.183 4 70.53% 0.391 0.076 0 71.43% 0.138 0.063 0 72.61% 0.194 0.0 83 0 71.43%

Natural gas 0.670 0.125 3 79.87% 0.258 0.052 0 80.45% 0.092 0.040 0 82.61% 0.132 0.058 0 74.45%

*Improvement is based on the 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) for the control scenario compared to the 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) baseline impact (Δdv)

†The visibility improvement shown in the table has been calculated from 98 th percentile baseline and controlled impacts that include more d ecimal places than

what is shown in the table. Due to rounding of the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table, the visibility improvement calculated from

the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table may be slightly different than the visibility improvement reflected in the table.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 5

- 12 T rinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan As shown in Table 5

- 13

, based on visibility predictions from the CALPUFF modeling system

, fuel

switching at Bailey Unit 1 will result in up to a 44.18, 61.96, 80.11 or 80.11 pe rcent improvement

(depending on the Class I area) to the existing visibility impairment attributable to this unit for fuel

switching to 1% sulfur fuel oil, 0.5% sulfur fuel oil, diesel and natural gas, respectively

.

As shown in Table 5

- 14, based on visi bility predictions from the CALPUFF modeling system , fuel

switching at McClellan Unit 1 will result in up to a 14.54, 47.68, 72.61, or 82.61 percent

improvement (depending on the Class I area) to the existing visibility impairment attributable to this

unit for fuel switching to 1% sulfur fuel oil, 0.5% sulfur fuel oil, diesel and natural gas, respectively.



## 5.6 P ROPOSED 

## B ART FOR 

## SO 2



### AE CC has determined that BART for Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 is fuel switching to fuels

that have a sulfur content o f 0.5% or less. As mentioned in the Section 5.5 of this report, fuel with a

sulfur content of 0.5% or less will have visibility improvements in Class I areas of up to 61.96% for

Bailey and 47.68% for McClellan.

When the BART limits become effective, Bai ley and McClellan would burn the existing supply of

No. 6 fuel oil as the normal course of business dictates

. Future fuel purchases will be fuels of 0.5%

sulfur content or less

.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 6

- 1 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## 6. N O X 

## BART E VALUATION

On June 7 , 2012 EPA published a final rule allowi ng states participating in the Cross

- State Air

Pollution Rule (CSAPR) trading program to use CSAPR to satisfy BART. Arkansas is one of the

states with units subject to CSAPR that will participate in a NO

x 

### trading program during the ozone

season. EPA comm ented that “ NO

x 

### control in the five ozone season

- only states is achieved

predominantly by combustion controls .” 7 

### Due to the nature of combustion controls, plants typically

keep combustion controls in place and running year

- round, even if emission limitati ons are seasonal.

Although Arkansas is an ozone season

- only state, units with combustion controls would run anytime

the unit is in operation.

An email dated June 28, 2012 from ADEQ stated, “ADEQ agrees CSAPR is better than BART and

the subject

- to

- BART sources do not need to include NOx in their five

- factor analysis.” 8 

### Therefore,

AECC is not including NOx analyses in the Bailey and McClellan five

- factor analyses.

On July 6, 201 2 EPA published a final rule of the Nebraska Regional Haze Federal Implement ation

Plan (FIP). 9 

### Nebraska is subject to CSAPR for annual SO 2 

### and NO

x 

### . The FIP reviewed the Nebraska

suggest BART for NO

x 

### , but ultimately stated that because CSAPR satisfies BART, CSAPR controls

will equate with BART in the state. 10



### AECC is proposing to satisfy BART for NO

x 

### by complying with CSAPR at Bailey Unit 1 and

McClellan Unit 1

.

7 “Regional Haze: Revisions to Provisions Governing Alternatives to Source

- Specific Best Available Retrofit

Technology (BART) Determination, Limited SIP Disapprovals, and Federal Implementati on Plans.” CFR Vol. 77, No. 110.

Thursday, June 7, 2012, Rules and Regulations. Page 33651.

8 Email from Mary Pettyjohn of ADEQ to subject

- to

- BART unit operators dated June 28, 2012.

9 “Approval, Disapproval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; S tate of Nebraska; Regional Haze State

Implementation Plan; Federal Implementation Plan for Best Available Retrofit Technology Determination.” CFR Vol. 77,

No. 130. Friday, July 6, 2012. Page 40150.

10 Ibid, 40151.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 1 Trinity Consultants

BART Ana lysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## 7. PM 10 

## BART E VALUATION



## 7.1 I DENTIFICATION OF 

## A VAILABLE 

## R ETROFIT 

## PM 10 

## C ONTROL



## T ECHNOLOGIES

PM 10 

### emissions are either “filterable” or “condensable”. Filterable PM 10 

### is genera lly considered to be

particles less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter that are trapped by a filter during testing of

exhaust gas . Condensable PM is material that is emitted in the vapor state but that condenses in the

atmosphere to form particles. Filterable PM 10 

### emissions from fuel oil combustion depend

predominantly on the grade of fuel oil fired. Combustion of lighter distillate oils results in

significantly lower PM 10 

### formation than does combustion of heavier residual oils. Among residual

oils, firing of No. 4 or No. 5 oil usually produces less PM 10 

### than does the firing of heavier residual oil.

This is due to the higher ash and sulfur contents of residual oil compared to lighter oils.

Step 1 of the BART determination is the identification of all available retrofit PM 10 

### control

technologies. The available retrofit PM 10 

### control technologies are summarized in Table 6

- 2 for

Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1.

T ABLE 

### 7

- 1

. A VAILABLE 

### PM C ONTROL 

### T ECHNOLOGIES FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 AND 

### M C 

### C LELLAN



### U NIT 

### 1

PM 10 Control Technologies

Dry Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)

Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)

Fabric Filter

Wet Scrubber

Cyclone

Fuel Switching



## 7.2 E LIMINATE 

## T ECHNICALLY 

## I NFEASIBLE 

## PM C ONTROL 

## T ECHNOLOGIES

Step 2 of the BART determination is to elimi nate technically infeasible PM control technologies that

were identified in Step 1.



### 7.2.1 D RY 

### E LECTROSTATIC 

### P RECIPITATORS 

### (ESP)

A dry ESP operates by first placing a charge on the particles through a series of electrodes,

and then capturing the charged particl es on collection plates. Particles from oil

- fired

boilers tend to be sticky and small. Because of these properties and a general lack of

existence in practice, a dry ESP is not a good technological match for either Bailey Unit 1

or McClellan Unit 1

.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 2 Trinity Consultants

BART Ana lysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

### 7.2.2 W E T 

### E LECTROSTATIC 

### P RECIPITATORS 

### (ESP)

A wet ESP operates similarly to a dry ESP but is a better technological match for oil

- fired

boilers because it is not sensitive to small and sticky particulates. A wet ESP utilizes water

to collect and remove the partic les, and will produce a waste

- water product. Flue gas

leaving wet ESPs will be saturated and may result in a visual steam plume exiting the

stack. The estimated PM control efficiency is up to 90% for a wet ESP

. 11 

### Wet ESP is a

technically feasible option for control of PM 10 

### for Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1.



### 7.2.3 M ECHANICAL 

### C OLLECTORS 

### (C YCLONES 

### )

Mechanical collectors, or cyclones, control particulates generated during soot blowing,

during upset conditions, or when a heavy oil is fired. For these situations , high

- efficiency

cyclonic collectors can achieve up to 85% control of particulate

. 12 

### This control is designed

for the larger PM size fractions, and thus, when firing residual oil, the control will not be

effective at controlling the smaller particles that are a source of visibility impairment.

Further, when a clean oil is combusted, cyclonic collectors are not nearly so effective

because of the high percentage of small particles (less than 3 micrometers in diameter)

emitted.



### 7.2.4 F ABRIC 

### F ILTER



### Fabric filters work by filtering the PM in flue gas through filter bags. The collected

particles are periodically removed from the bag through a pulse jet or reverse flow

mechanism. Due to the sticky nature of particles from oil

- fired boilers and the associated

hazard from flammability of their use, fabric filters are not used to control PM from boilers

firing residual oil. Thus, fabric filters are not technically feasible for Bailey Unit 1 and

McClellan Unit 1

.



### 7.2.5 W ET 

### S CRUBBER



### Wet scrubbers remove PM from flue gas by con tacting it with a scrubbing liquid using one

of several approaches: spraying the gas stream with the liquid, forcing the gas stream

through a pool of liquid, or by some other contact method. PM in the gas stream is

captured in the scrubbing liquid. The P M

- laden scrubbing liquid is separated from the gas

stream, and the resultant scrubbing liquid is treated prior to discharge or reuse in the plant.

Problems associated with scrubbers include corrosion issues, high power requirements, and

water

- disposal cha llenges. However, the use of wet scrubbers for Bailey Unit 1 and

McClellan Unit 1 is considered a technically feasible option. The estimated PM 10 

### removal

efficiency for a wet scrubber is 50

- 60%. 13



### While wet scrubbers are considered technically feasible , it is worth noting the wet

scrubbers are not very efficient at controlling submicron size particles. When drops of

11 Ibid.

12 AP

- 42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 1.3.4.1

13 AP

- 42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 1.3.4.1

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 3 Trinity Consultants

BART Ana lysis

– Bailey and McClellan

water are suspended in a stream of air containing particles, such as they are in wet

scrubbers, the air must go around the drops to pass t hrough the scrubber. This creates

streamlines of higher velocity air near each drop. For particles to be captured, they must

push through these streamlines to the surface of the drop. Particles that are under 1 micron

are hardest to control because they follow the streamlines and avoid contact with the drop.

As particle size decreases, more energy is needed to force contact with the drops. This

makes conventional scrubbers ineffective for particles smaller than a few microns. 14 

### While

the majority of the PM emissions for Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 are not less than

a few microns, particles of this size have the highest ability to impair visibility; thus, a wet

scrubber may not be effective at controlling the particles that have the greatest ability to

impair visibility.



### 7.2.6 F UEL 

### S WITCHING



### Residual oil has inherent ash that contributes to the emissions of filterable PM. Lower

grades of fuel oil have less ash and ultimately lower filterable PM emissions. Filterable

PM emissions could be reduced by swit ching to a lower grade fuel oil or natural gas.

Section 5 discussed the option of fuel switching with respect to reducing SO 2 

### emissions.

D istillate fuel oil has only trace amounts of ash

. 15 

### It is estimated that filterable PM 10



### emissions would be reduce d in proportion to the reduction in ash content . B ased on the

reduction in ash content

, reductions of filterable PM 10 

### would be expected to be greater than

99%. Reductions in filterable PM 10 

### in No. 6 fuel oil are directly related to the sulfur

content of the fuel, as seen in AP

- 42, 1.3

- 1. The p ercent reduction in filterable PM 10 

### from

fuel switching to natural gas is estimated from the reduced ash content in natural gas (trace

amount) as compared to current No. 6 fuel, 0.035% ash content for 99 % control ef ficiency.



## 7.3 R ANK OF 

## T ECHNICALLY FEASIBLE 

## PM 10 

## C ONTROL 

## O PTIONS BY



## E FFECTIVENESS

Step 3 of the top

- down control review is to rank the technically feasible options according to

effectiveness. Table 7

- 3 provides a ranking of the control levels for the contro ls listed in the

previous section.

14 http://www.tri

- mer.com/q&a/comparing

- electrostatic

- precipitator.htm

15 Combustion

- Fossil Power Systems, J.G. Singer published by Combustion Engineer, Inc,

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 4 Trinity Consultants

BART Ana lysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 7

- 3. C ONTROL 

### E FFECTIVENESS OF 

### T ECHNICALLY 

### F EASIBLE 

### PM C ONTROL



### T ECHNOLOGIES

Control Technology Control Efficiency 16

(%)

Fuel Switching ≤ 99%

Wet ESP ≤90

Cyclone 85%

Wet Scrubber 55%



## 7.4 E VALUATION OF 

## I MPACTS FOR 

## F EASIBLE 

## PM 10 

## C ONTROLS

Step four for the BART analysis procedure is the impact analysis. The BART determination

guidelines list the four factors to be considered in the impact an alysis:

▲ 

### Cost of compliance

▲ 

### Energy impacts

▲ 

### Non

- air quality impacts; and

▲ 

### The remaining useful life of the source



### 7.4.1 C OST OF 

### C OMPLIANCE



### T he capital costs, operating costs, and cost effectiveness of wet ESPs, cyclones and wet

scrubbers have been estimated for Ba iley Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 . The cost

effectiveness of fuel switching to 1% sulfur fuel oil, 0.5% sulfur fuel oil, diesel and natural

gas has also been estimated.

Control Costs

The capital and operating costs of the wet ESP and wet scrubber were p repared by AECC

using Electric Power Research Institute ’s (EPRI) IECCOST Software, and cyclone

estimates were derived from EPA estimates. The capital costs were annualized over a 15

- year period and then added to the annual operating costs to obtain the to tal annualized

costs. The details of the capital and operating cost estimates are provided in Appendix B

of this report

.

Annual Tons Reduced

The annual tons reduced that were used in the cost effectiveness calculations were

determined by subtracting th e estimated controlled annual emission rates from the baseline

annual emission rates, as calculated from AP

- 42: 1.3

- 1. The controlled annual emission

rates were estimated by reducing the existing annual emission rate by the control

percentages shown in Table 7

- 3

.

16 AP

- 42, Fift h Edition, Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 1.3.4.1

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 5 Trinity Consultants

BART Ana lysis

– Bailey and McClellan

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness was determined by dividing the annualized cost by the annual tons

reduced. The costs effectiveness analysis is summarized in Table s 7

- 4 and 7

- 5

.

Table 7

- 4 indicates that the cost effectiveness of switching to natural gas is over $ 5,000 /ton

for each boiler. Further, Table s 7

- 4 and 7

- 5 indicate that the cost effectiveness for all other

controls is excessively expensive at $300,217/ton for fuel switching to diesel at McClellan

Unit 1to $36,326,871/to n for a wet scrubber at Bailey Unit 1



### 7.4.1.1 E NERGY 

### I MPACTS AND 

### N ON



### - A IR 

### Q UALITY 

### I MPACTS



### There are no energy or non

- air quality impacts associated with fuel switching,

but there are impacts associated with wet ESPs and wet scrubbers. ESPs by

design apply energy t o the particles they are collecting. This energy usage can

be significant, especially if the wet ESP is designed to control submicron size

particles where more energy is applied to collect more of the particles. Wet

scrubbers also require a substantial a mount of energy to force exhaust gases

through the scrubber.

Both wet ESPs and wet scrubber generate wastewater streams that must either

be treated on

- site or sent to a waste water treatment plant. Further, the

wastewater treatment process will genera te a filter cake that would likely

require land

- filling.



### 7.4.1.2 R EMAINING 

### U SEFUL 

### L IFE



### The remaining useful li v e s of Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 d o not

impact the annualized capital costs of the wet ESP

, wet scrubber , or cyclone

because the useful li fe of t he boilers is anticipated to be at least as long as the

capital cost recovery period, which is 15 years. Further, t he remaining useful

li ves of Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1 do not impact the annualized fuel

cost , since it is assumed that fuel switch ing will not require any capital costs

, and thus there is nothing to capitalize that would require a review of the life of

the equipment

.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 6 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 7

- 4. S UMMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENESS FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 PM 10 

### C ONTROLS



### T ABLE 

### 7

- 5. S UMMARY OF 

### C OST 

### E FFECTIVENE SS FOR 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 PM 10 

### C ONTROLS

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 7 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## 7.5 E VALUATION OF 

## V ISIBILITY 

## I MPACT OF 

## F EASIBLE 

## PM 10 

## C ONTROLS

A final impact analysis was conducted to assess the visibility improvement associated with wet ESPs

,

wet scrubbers , and cyclones

. Note that fuel switching has impacts on both SO 2 

### and PM, as shown in

Section 5 of this report . Section 4 of this report documented the existing visibility impairment

attributable to Bailey Unit 1 and McClellan Unit 1

.

In order to assess the visibility improvement associated w ith wet ESPs

, scrubbers, and cyclones t he

maximum short

- term PM 10 

### emission rate s associated with these controls were modeled using

CALPUFF. The maximum short

- term PM 10 

### emission rate s associated with wet ESPs, scrubbers, and

cyclones were calculated by red ucing the uncontrolled yearly PM 10 

### emission rates , in Table 7

- 4, by

the control percentages shown in Table 7

- 3

. Tables 7

- 5 through 7

- 7 summarize the emission rates

that were modeled to reflect the wet ESPs, wet scrubbers, and cyclones , respectively. The emission

rates for the pollutants shown in Tables 7

- 5 through 7

- 7 for NO X 

### and SO 2 

### that are not PM are the

same as in the baseline modeling

.

T ABLE 

### 7

- 5

. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### W ET 

### ESP FOR



### PM 10 

### C ONTROL

Unit SO 2

(lb/hr) SO 4

(lb/hr) NO X

(lb/hr) PM C

(lb/hr) PM F

(lb/hr) SOA

(lb/hr) EC

(lb/hr) PM 10, total

(lb/hr)

Bailey Unit 1 2,375.8 0.4 408.8 1.2 3.0 0.1 0.2 4.9

McClellan Unit 1 2,747.5 0.5 579.8 1.2 2.9 0.1 0.2 4.8



### T ABLE 

### 7

- 6

. S UMMARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### W ET 

### S CRUBBER FOR



### PM 10 

### C ONTROL

Unit SO 2

(lb/hr) SO 4

(lb/hr) NO X

(lb/hr) PM C

(lb/hr) PM F

(lb/hr) SOA

(lb/hr) EC

(lb/hr) PM 10, total

(lb/hr)

Bailey Unit 1 2,375.8 1.8 408.8 5.5 13.6 0.3 1.1 22.2

McClellan Unit 1 2,747.5 2.2 579.8 5.2 12.9 0.4 1.0 21.7



### T ABLE 

### 7

- 7

. S UMM ARY OF 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES 

### M ODELED TO 

### R EFLECT 

### C YCLONE FOR



### PM 10 

### C ONTROL

Unit SO 2

(lb/hr) SO 4

(lb/hr) NO X

(lb/hr) PM C

(lb/hr) PM F

(lb/hr) SOA

(lb/hr) EC

(lb/hr) PM 10, total

(lb/hr)

Bailey Unit 1 2,375.8 4.0 408.8 1.8 4.5 0.7 0.4 7.4

McClellan Unit 1 2,747.5 4. 8 579.8 1.7 4.3 0.8 0.3 7.2



### Comparisons of the existing visibility impacts and the visibility impacts for PM

- specific controls,

excluding fuels switching which are included in Section 5 , including the maximum modeled visibility

impact, 98 th 

### percentile m odeled visibility impact, and the number of days with a modeled visibility

impact greater than 0.5 Δdv, for each Class I area are provided in Table s 7

- 8 and 7

- 9 . The visibility

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 8 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan improvement associated with PM controls was calculated as the difference betwe en the existing

visibility impairment and the visibility impairment for the control as measured by the 98 th 

### percentile

modeled visibility impact

.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 9 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 7

- 8. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS FOR 

### B AILEY 

### U NIT 

### 1 (200 1

- 2003)

Caney Creek Wilderness Upper Buffalo Wilderness Hercules Glades

Wilderness Mingo NWR

Maximum Impac t (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv)

98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement*

Baseline Emission Rate 0.969 0.330 8

- 0.695 0.347 7

- 0.686 0.367 6

- 1.589 0.378 12

-

Wet ESP 0.961 0.327 8 0.91% 0.687 0.343 6 1.15% 0.677 0.356 5 3.00% 1.572 0.371 12 1.85%

Wet Scrubber 0.964 0. 328 8 0.61% 0.690 0.345 6 0.58 % 0.681 0.360 5 1.91% 1.579 0.374 12 1.06%

Cyclone 0.965 0.328 8 0.61% 0.691 0.345 7 0.58% 0.682 0.361 5 1.63% 1.580 0.374 12 1.06%

*Improvement is based on the 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) for the control scenario compared to t he 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) baseline impact (Δdv)

†The visibility improvement shown in the table has been calculated from 98 th percentile baseline and controlled impacts that include more decimal places than

what is shown in the table. Due to rounding of the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table, the visibility improvement calculated from

the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table may be slightly different than the visibility improvement reflecte d in the table.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 10 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan T ABLE 

### 7

- 9. S UMMARY OF 

### M ODELED 

### I MPACTS FROM 

### PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### A NALYSIS FOR 

### M C 

### C LELLAN 

### U NIT 

### 1 (2001

- 2003)

Caney Creek Wilderness Upper Buffalo Wilderness Hercules Glades

Wilderness Mingo NWR Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement* Maximum Impact (Δdv ) 98% Impact (Δdv) # Days > 0.5 Δdv Visibility Improvement*

Baseline Emission Rate 3.007 0.621 22

- 1.319 0.266 5

- 0.660 0.230 2

- 0.546 0.227 2

-

Wet ESP 2.977 0.617 21 0.64% 1.305 0.263 5 1.13% 0.656 0.227 2 1.30% 0.540 0.223 2 1.76%

Wet Scrubber 2.989 0.619 21 0.32% 1.311 0.264 5 0.75% 0.657 0.228 2 0.87% 0.542 0.224 2 1.32%

Cyclone 2.993 0.619 21 0.32% 1.313 0.265 5 0.38% 0.658 0.229 2 0.43% 0.543 0.225 2 0.88%

*Improvement is based on the 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) for the control scenario compared to the 98 th percentile impact (Δdv) baseline impact (Δdv)

†The visibility improvement shown in the table has been calculated from 98 th percentile baseline and controlled impacts that include more decimal places than

what is shown in the table. Du e to rounding of the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table, the visibility improvement calculated from

the baseline and controlled 98 th percentile impacts shown in the table may be slightly different than the visibility improve ment reflected in the table.

### Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation 7

- 11 Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan As shown in Table 7

- 8 , the operation of wet ESPs results in an estimated 0.0 03 to 0. 00 4 Δdv

improvement ( 0 .64 to 1.76 percent) of the 98 th 

### percentile visibility impairment attributable to Bailey

Unit 1 at the applicable Class I areas . Further, as shown in Table 7

- 8, the operation of wet scrubbers

results in an estimated 0.0 02 to 0. 003 Δdv i mprovement ( 0

. 3 2 to 1.32 percent) of the 98 th 

### percentile

visibility impairment attributable to Bailey Unit 1, and the operation of cyclones results in an

estimated 0.0 01 to 0.0 02 Δdv improvement ( 0. 3 2 to 0.88 percent) of the 98 th 

### percentile visibility

impa irment attributable to Bailey Unit 1.

As shown in Table 7

- 9 , the operation of wet ESPs results in an estimated 0.0 03 to 0. 011 Δdv

improvement (0 .91 to 3.00 percent) of the 98 th 

### percentile visibility impairment attributable to

McClellan Unit 1 at the app licable Class I areas . Further, as shown in Table 7

- 9 , the operation of wet

scrubbers results in an estimated 0.002 to 0.00 7 Δdv improvement ( 0

. 58 to 1. 91 percent) of the 98 th



### percentile visibility impairment attributable to McClellan Unit 1, and the oper ation of cyclones results

in an estimated 0.00 2 to 0.00 6 Δdv improvement (0. 58 to 1.63 percent) of the 98 th 

### percentile visibility

impairment attributable to McClellan Unit 1.



## 7.6 P ROPOSED 

## B ART FOR 

## PM 10



### The cost effectiveness of all the PM controls evaluated for both the boilers is greater than $ 5

, 0 00/ton,

and for most controls is much greater than $5,000/ton. Based on the low PM

10 

### emission from the

boilers (less than 15 tpy for either Bailey Unit 1 or McClellan Unit 1 ) and the related low

improvement to t he visibility impairment attributable to the boilers based on the application of the

controls ( only up to 0.0 11 Δdv)

, none of the controls are determined to satisfy BART. Thus, there are

no fuel changes or add

- on controls proposed as BART for PM 10 

### for Bailey Unit 1 or McClellan Unit

1

.

### Arkans as Electric Cooperative Corporation Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## A PPENDIX 

## A

S O 2 

### C ONTROL 

### C OST 

### C ALCUL A TIONSBailey Unit 1AverageSulfurContentABaselineSO2EmissionRateBControlledSO2EmissionRateGSO2ReducedBaselinePM10EmissionRateBControlledPM10EmissionRateFPM10ReducedAnnual HeatInputFuel HeatingValue (HHV)CAnnual FuelUsage Fuel CostFuel CostDifferentialfrom CurrentNo. 6 OilDFuel CostDifferentialCost of FuelSwitchingSO2CostEffectivenessEPM10 CostEffectivenessE(%) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (MMBtu/yr)(MMBtu/Mgal)or(MMBtu/Mscf) (Mgal/yr) ($/MMBtu) ($/MMBtu)($/yr)($/yr) ($/ton) ($/ton)Base CaseA1.81 30.73 - - 2.51 - - 39,193 155.00 252.86 4.68 - $183,492 - - -No. 6 - 1% 1.00 - 18.30 12.43 - 1.57 0.94 39,193 155.00 252.86 16.50 11.82 - 463,185$ 37,260 492,166No. 6 - 0.5% 0.50 - 8.54 22.19 - 0.99 1.52 39,193 155.00 252.86 17.75 13.07 - 512,175$ 23,079 336,504DieselA0.05 - 0.95 29.78 - 0.03 2.48 39,193 136.15 287.86 20.95 16.27 - 637,592$ 21,411 256,578Natural Gas - - 0.01 30.72 - 0.03 2.48 39,193 1,011.00 38.77 6.19 1.51 - 59,038$ 1,922 23,758McClellan Unit 1AverageSulfurContentABaselineSO2EmissionRateBControlledSO2EmissionRateGSO2ReducedBaselinePM10EmissionRateBControlledPM10EmissionRateFPM10ReducedAnnual HeatInputFuel HeatingValue (HHV)CAnnual FuelUsage Fuel CostFuel CostDifferentialfrom CurrentNo. 6 OilDFuel CostDifferentialCost of FuelSwitchingSO2CostEffectivenessEPM10 CostEffectivenessE(%) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (MMBtu/yr)(MMBtu/Mgal)or(MMBtu/Mscf) (Mgal/yr) ($/MMBtu) ($/MMBtu)($/yr)($/yr) ($/ton) ($/ton)Base CaseA1.38 166.45 - - 14.97 - - 291,733 155.00 1882.15 5.70 - $1,663,937 - - -No. 6 - 1% 1.00 - 136.20 30.25 - 11.68 3.29 291,733 155.00 1882.15 16.50 10.80 - 3,149,652 104,135 958,385No. 6 - 0.5% 0.50 - 63.55 102.90 - 7.35 7.61 291,733 155.00 1882.15 17.75 12.05 - 3,514,317 34,152 461,763DieselA0.05 - 7.08 159.37 - 0.15 14.82 291,733 136.15 2142.73 20.95 15.25 - 4,447,862 27,909 300,217Natural Gas - - 0.07 166.38 - 0.15 14.82 291,733 1,011.00 288.56 5.97 0.26 - 76,911 462 5,191ETotal SO2 and PM10 Cost Effectiveness for fuel switching to distillate includes yearly capital recovery costs associated with necessary infrastructure changes.FReductions in PM Species is based on default NPS profile.GControlled SO2 emission rate for natural is based on a 99.98% control efficiency from the current IFO (as seen in comparison of baseline emission rates of burning natural gas vs. IFO).ASulfur content of base case No. 6 fuel oil based on average of fuel burned in 2009- 2011. Sulfur content of diesel based on average sulfur in diesel burned at AECC Fitzhugh plant during the same timeframe since diesel isnot burned at Bailey or McClellan.DThe price differential for natural gas based on 10-year avarage pricing of current IFO and natural gas at Bailey and McClellan, each. The price differential for distillate based on distillate currently received at Fitzhugh.CHigher heating value of residual oil based on average of fuel burned from supplier. Higher heating value of distillate oil average from Fitzhugh plant. Higher heating value of natural gas from 6.23.11 Bailey gas analysisand 7.12.11 gas analysis.BThe Baseline SO2 Emission Rate was developed using an average fuel usage from 2007 and 2011, the average heat content of the No. 6 fuel oil during that same time as well as the average sulfur contect of the fuel duringthat time. The Baseline PM10 Emission Rates are representative of emission rates determined during stack testing in 2010 and then scaled to reflect the maximum heat input for each boiler.

### Arkans as Electric Cooperative Corporation Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## A PPEN DIX 

## B

PM 10 

### C ONTROL 

### C OST 

### C ALCULATIONSBailey Unit 1BaselineEmissionRateControlEfficiencyAnnual HeatInputAControlledEmission RatePM10ReducedCapital Cost Total Annual CostCostEffectiveness(tpy) % (MMBtu/yr) (tpy) (ton/yr) ($) ($/yr) ($/ton)Wet ESP 2.51 90.0039,1930.25 2.26 105,141,431 22,638,340 10,021,076Wet Scrubber2.51 55.0039,1931.13 1.38 140,957,713 50,150,862 36,326,871Cyclone 2.51 85.0039,1930.38 2.13 989,479 1,188,630 557,109No. 6 Fuel Oil - 1%2.51 -39,1931.57 0.94 - 463184.75 492,166No 6. Fuel Oil - 0.5%2.51 -39,1930.99 1.52 - 512175.45 336,504Diesel2.51 -39,1930.03 2.48 - 637591.63 256,578Natural Gas2.51 -39,1930.03 2.48 - 59038.24 23,758McClellan Unit 1BaselineEmissionRateControlEfficiencyAnnual HeatInputAControlledEmission RatePM10ReducedCapital Cost Total Annual CostCostEffectiveness(tpy) % (MMBtu/yr) (tpy) (ton/yr) ($) ($/yr) ($/ton)Wet ESP 14.97 90.00 291,733 1.50 13.47 151,509,333 32,605,907 2,420,880Wet Scrubber14.97 55.00 291,733 6.73 8.23 146,303,011 52,056,542 6,324,586Cyclone 14.97 85.00 291,733 2.24 12.72 1,432,971 1,721,384 135,325No. 6 Fuel Oil - 1%14.97 - 291,733 11.68 3.29 - 3149651.56 958,385No 6. Fuel Oil - 0.5%14.97 - 291,733 7.35 7.61 - 3514317.35 461,763Diesel14.97 - 291,733 0.15 14.82 - 4447861.76 300,217Natural Gas14.97 - 291,733 0.15 14.82 - 76911.33 5,191AAnnual Heat Input derived for 2007-2011 average fuel usage times the heat content of No. 6 fuel oil

### Arkans as Electric Cooperative Corporation Trinity Consultants

BART Analysis

– Bailey and McClellan 

## A PPENDIX 

## C

M ODELING 

### P ROTOCOL

# CALMET D ATA 

# P ROCESSING 

# P ROTOCOL  

# BART D ETERMINATION



# O KLAHOMA 

# G AS 

# & E LECTRIC

M USKOGEE 

### G ENERATING 

### S TATION



### S EMINOLE 

### G ENERATING 

### S TATION



### S OONER 

### G ENERATING 

### S TATION



### Prepared by:

Vern Choquette  

### Principal Consultant

Eugene Chen, PE  

### Senior Consultant

Jerem y Townley  

### Consultant

T RINITY 

### C ONSULTANTS



### 120 East Sheridan

Suite 205

Oklahoma City, OK 73104

(405) 228

- 3292

January 2 3 , 2008

Project 0 83701 .00 04

### OG&E i Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## T ABLE OF 

## C ONTENTS



### 1. I NTRODUCTION



### ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 1

- 1

1.1 B EST 

### A VAILABLE 

### R ETROFIT 

### T ECHNOLOGY 

### R ULE 

### B ACKGROUND



### ......................... 1

- 1

1.2 O BJECTIVE



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 1

- 2

1.3 L OCATION OF 

### S OURCES AND 

### R ELEVANT 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS



### ................................ ...... 1

- 2

2. CALPUFF M ODEL 

### S YSTEM



### ................................ ................................ ............... 2

- 1

2.1 M ODEL 

### V ERSIONS



### ................................ ................................ ................................ . 2

- 1

2.2 M ODELING 

### D OMAIN



### ................................ ................................ ............................. 2

- 1

3. CALMET

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 3

- 1

3.1 G EOPHYSICAL 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................................ ............................. 3

- 1

3.1.1 T ERRAIN 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 3

- 1

3.1.2 L AND 

### U SE 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3

- 2

3.1.3 C OMPILING 

### T ERRAIN AND LAND 

### U SE 

### D ATA



### ................................ ....................... 3

- 3



### 3.2 M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................................ ..................... 3

- 3

3.2.1 M ESOSCALE 

### M ODEL 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................. 3

- 3

3.2.2 S URFACE 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................................ ... 3

- 4

3.2.3 U PPER 

### A IR 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................................ . 3

- 5

3.2.4 P RECIPITATION 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### ................................ .......................... 3

- 6

3.2. 5 B UOY 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### ................................ ................................ ......... 3

- 7



### 3.3 CALMET C ONTROL 

### P ARAMETERS



### ................................ ................................ ....... 3

- 8

3.3.1 V ERTICAL 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### P ROFILE



### ................................ .............................. 3

- 8

3.3.2 I NFLUENCES OF 

### O BSERVATIONS



### ................................ ................................ ......... 3

- 9



### A PPENDIX 

### A

- M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS



### A PPENDIX 

### B

– S AMPLE 

### CALMET C ONTROL 

### F ILE 

### (CALPUFF V ERSION 

### 5.8)

A PPENDIX 

### C

– S AMPLE 

### CALMET C ONTROL 

### F ILE 

### (CALPUFF V ERSION 

### 6)

### OG&E ii Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## L IST OF 

## T ABLES

T ABLE 

### 1

- 1. BART

- E LIGIBLE 

### S OURCES



### ................................ ................................ ............................... 1

- 2

T ABLE 

### 1

- 2. D ISTANCE 

### F ROM 

### S TATION TO 

### S URROUNDING 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS



### ................................ ....... 1

- 2

T ABLE 

### 2

- 1. CALPUFF M ODELING 

### S YSTEM 

### V ERSIONS



### ................................ ................................ ..... 2

- 1

T ABLE 

### 3

- 1. V ERTICAL 

### L AYERS OF THE 

### CALMET M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D O MAIN



### ................................ 3

- 9

T ABLE 

### A

- 1. L IST OF 

### S URFACE METEOROLOGICA L 

### S TATIONS



### ................................ ........................... A

- 1

T ABLE 

### A

- 2. L IST OF 

### U PPER 

### A IR METEOROLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS



### ................................ ......................... A

- 5

T ABLE 

### A

- 3. L IST OF 

### P RECIPITATION METEORO LO GICAL 

### S TATIONS



### ................................ .................. A

- 6

T ABLE 

### A

- 4. L IST OF 

### O VER 

### W ATER METEOROLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS



### ................................ .................. A

- 14

### OG&E iii Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## L IST OF 

## F IGURES

F IGURE 

### 1

- 1. P LOT OF 

### S OURCES AND 

### N EAREST 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS



### ................................ ......................... 1

- 3

F IGURE 

### 2

- 1. R EFINED 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### M ODELING 

### D OMAIN



### ................................ ......................... 2

- 2

F IGURE 

### 3

- 1. P LOT OF 

### L AND 

### E LEVATION 

### U SING 

### USGS T ERRAIN 

### D ATA



### ................................ ............ 3

- 2

F IGURE 

### 3

- 2. P LOT OF 

### L AND 

### U SE 

### U SING 

### USGS LULC D ATA



### ................................ ............................. 3

- 3

F IGURE 

### 3

- 3. P LOT OF 

### S URFACE 

### S TATION 

### L OCATIONS



### ................................ ................................ ........ 3

- 5

F IGURE 

### 3

- 4. P LOT OF 

### U PPER 

### A IR 

### S TATIONS 

### L OCATIONS



### ................................ ................................ ... 3

- 6

F IGURE 

### 3

- 5. P LOT OF 

### P RECIPITATION METEORO LOGICAL 

### S TATIONS



### ................................ ................. 3

- 7

F IGURE 

### 3

- 6. P LOT OF 

### B UOY 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS



### ................................ ................................ 3

- 8

### OG&E 1

- 1 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## 1. I NTRODUCTION

Oklahoma Gas & Electric ( OG&E ) owns and operates three electric generating stations near

Muskogee, Oklahoma (M uskogee Generat ing Station ) , Seminole, Oklahoma (Seminole Generating

Station), and Stillwater, Oklahoma (Sooner Generating Station)

. The se generating stations are

considered eligible to be regulated under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Best

Available R etrofit Technology (BART) provisions of the Regional Haze Rule. This protocol

describes the proposed methodology for conducting the CALMET data processing for the r efined

CALPUF F BART modeling analysis for OG&E’s Muskogee, Seminole, and Sooner Generating

Stations

. A detailed CALPUFF BART modeling protocol will be submitted in the near future and

will include a discussion of the CALPUFF parameters as well as the post processing methodologies

to be used in the refined modeling analysis for each station.



## 1.1 B ES T 

## A VAILABLE 

## R ETROFIT 

## T ECHNOLOGY 

## R ULE 

## B ACKGROUND

On July 1, 1999, the U.S. Environmental EPA published the final Regional Haze Rule (RHR). The

objective of the RHR is to improve visibility in 156 specific areas across with United States, known

as Class I a reas. The Clean Air Act defines Class I areas as certain national parks (over 6000 acres),

wilderness areas (over 5000 acres), national memorial parks (over 5000 acres), and international

parks that were in existence on August 7, 1977.

On July 6, 2005, t he EPA published amendments to its 1999 RHR, often called the BART rule, which

included guidance for making source

- specific Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART)

determinations. The BART rule defines BART

- eligible sources as sources that meet the foll owing

criteria:

(1) Have potential emissions of at least 250 tons per year of a visibility

- impairing pollutant,

(2) Began operation between August 7, 1962 and August 7, 1977, and

(3) Are listed as one of the 26 listed source categories in the guidance.

A BART

- eligi ble source is not automatically subject to BART. Rather, BART

- eligible sources are

subject

- to

- BART if the sources are “reasonably anticipated to cause or contribute to visibility

impairment in any federal mandatory Class I area.” EPA has determined that sources are reasonably

anticipated to cause or contribute to visibility impairment if the visibility impacts from a source are

greater than 0.5 deciviews (dv) when compared against a natural background.

Air quality modeling is the tool that is used to det ermine a source’s visibility impacts. States have the

authority to exempt certain BART

- eligible sources from installing BART controls if the results of the

dispersion modeling demonstrate that the source cannot reasonably be anticipated to cause or

contri bute to visibility impairment in a Class I area. Further, states also have the authority to define

the modeling procedures for conducting modeling related to making BART determinations.

### OG&E 1

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## 1.2 O BJECTIVE

The objective of this document is to provide a protocol su mmarizing the modeling methods and

procedures that will be followed to conduct the CALMET data processing necessary to complete a

refined CALPUFF modeling analysis for the OG&E generating stations discussed above . The

modeling methods and procedures conta ined in this protocol and the CALPUFF protocol yet to be

submitted will be used to determine appropriate controls for OG&E’s BART

- eligible sources that can

reasonably be anticipated to reduce the sources’ effects on or contribution to visibility impairment in

the surrounding Class I area s

. It is OG&E ’s intent to determine a combination of emissions controls

that will reduce the impact of each generating station to a degree that the 98 th 

### percentile of the

visibility impact predicted by the model due to all the BART eligible sources at each station

collectively is below EPA’s recommended visibility contribution threshold of 0.5  dv.



## 1.3 L OCATION OF 

## S OURCES AND 

## R ELEVANT 

## C LASS 

## I A REAS

The sources listed in Table 1

- 1 are the sources that have been identified by OG&E as sources that

meet the three criteria for BART

- eligible sources.

T ABLE 

### 1

- 1

. BART

- E LIGIBLE 

### S OURCE S

EPN Description

Muskogee Sources

Unit 4 5,480 MMBtu/hr Coal Fired Boiler

Unit 5 5,480 MMBtu/hr Coal Fired Boiler

Seminole Sources

SM1 5,480 MMBtu/hr N atural Gas Fired Boiler

SM2 5,480 MMBtu/hr Natural Gas Fired Boiler

SM3 5,496 MMBtu/hr Natural Gas Fired Boiler

Sooner Sources

Unit 1 5,116 MMBtu/hr Coal Fired Boiler

Unit 2 5,116 MMBtu/hr Coal Fired Boiler



### As required in CENRAP’s BART Modeling Guid elines, Class I areas within 300 km of each station

will be included in each analysis. The following table summarize s the distances of the four closest

Class I areas to each station. As seen from this summary, some Class I areas are more than 300 km

from the certain station s . However, in order to demonstrate that each station will not have an adverse

effect on the visibility at any of the four nearest Class I areas, OG&E has opted to include those Class

I areas more than 300 km away in this analysis. No t e that the distances listed in the table below are

the distances between the stations and the closest border of the Class I areas.

T ABLE 

### 1

- 2

. D ISTANCE 

### F ROM 

### S TATION TO 

### S URROUNDING 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS

CACR HEGL UPBU WIMO

Muskogee 180 230 164 324

Seminole 2 42 386 310 178

Sooner 345 363 327 234

### OG&E 1

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 A plot of the Class I areas with respect to the each station is provided in Figure 1

- 1.



### F IGURE 

### 1

- 1. P LOT OF 

### S OURCES AND 

### N EAREST 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS

### OG&E 2

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## 2. CALPUFF M ODEL 

## S YSTEM

The main components of the CALPUFF modeling sy stem are CALMET, CALPUFF, and CALPOST.

CALMET is the meteorological model that generates hourly three

- dimensional meteorological fields

such as wind and temperature. CALPUFF simulates the non

- steady state transport, dispersion, and

chemical transformatio n of air pollutants emitted from a source in “puffs”. CALPUFF calculates

hourly concentrations of visibility affecting pollutants at each specified receptor in a modeling

domain. CALPOST is the post

- processor for CALPUFF that computes visibility impacts from a

source based on the visibility affecting pollutant concentrations that were output by CALPUFF.



## 2.1 M ODEL 

## V ERSIONS

The versions of the CALPUFF modeling system programs that are propos ed for conducting OG&E ’s

BART modeling are listed in Table 2

- 1. A deta iled refined CALPUFF BART modeling protocol will

be submitted in the near future.

T ABLE 

### 2

- 1. CALPUFF M ODELING 

### S YSTEM 

### V ERSIONS



### Processor Version Level

TERREL 3.3 030 402

CTGCOMP 2.21 030402

CTGPROC 2.63 050128

MAKEGEO 2.2 030402

CALMET 5.53a 040716

CA LPUFF 5.8 070623

POSTUTIL 1.3 030402

CALPOST 5.51 030709



## 2.2 M ODELING 

## D OMAIN

The CALPUFF modeling system utilizes three modeling grids: the meteorological grid, the

computational grid, and the sampling grid. The meteorological grid is the system of grid p oints at

which meteorological fields are developed with CALMET. The computational grid determines the

computational area for a CALPUFF run. Puffs are advected and tracked only while within the

computational grid. The meteorological grid is defined so th at it covers the areas of concern and

gives enough marginal buffer area for puff transport and dispersion. A plot of the proposed

meteorological modeling domain with respect to the Class I areas being modeled is also provided in

### OG&E 2

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 Figure 2

- 1 . The computati onal domain will be set to extend at least 50 km in all directions beyond

the Muskogee, Seminole, and Sooner Generating Stations and the Class I areas of interest. Note that

t he map projection for the modeling domain will be Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) and the datum

will be the World Geodetic System 84 (WGS

- 84). The reference point for the modeling domain is

Latitude 40oN, Longitude 97oW. The southwest corner will be set to

- 951.547 km LCC,

- 1646.637

km LCC corresponding to Latitude 24.813 oN and Longi tude 87.778 oW

. The meteorological grid

spacing will be 4 km, resulting i n 462 grid p oints in the X direction and 376 grid points in the Y

direction.



### F IGURE 

### 2

- 1. R EFINED 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### M ODELING 

### D OMAIN

- 800

- 600

- 400

- 200 0 200 400 600 800

LCC Easting (km) - 1600 - 1400 - 1200 - 1000 - 800 - 600 - 400 - 200

L C C N o r t h i n g ( k m ) Seminole Station Muskogee Station Sooner Station

WIMO

C ACR UPBU HEGL

Class I Areas Meteorological Modeling Domain

Computational Modeling Domain 1

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## 3. CALMET

T he EPA Approv ed Version of the CALMET meteorological processor will be used to generate the

meteorological data for CALPUFF. CALMET is the meteorological processor that compiles

meteorological data from raw observations of surface and upper air conditions, precipitati on

measurements, mesoscale model output, and geophysical parameters into a single hourly, gridded

data set for input in to CALPUFF. CALMET will be used to assimilate data for 2001

- 2003 using

National Weather Service (NWS) surface station observations, upp er air station observations,

precipitation station observations , buoy station observations (for overwater areas) , and mesoscale

model output to develop the meteorological field.



## 3.1 G EOPHYSICAL 

## D ATA

CALMET requires geophysical data to characterize the terrai n and land use parameters that

potentially affect dispersion. Terrain features affect flows and create turbulence in the atmosphere

and are potentially subjected to higher concentrations of elevated puffs. Different land uses exhibit

variable characteris tics such as surface roughness, albedo, Bowen ratio, and leaf

- area index that also

effect turbulence and dispersion.



### 3.1.1 T ERRAIN 

### D ATA



### Terrain data will be obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in

1

- degree (1:250,000 scale or approximately 90 mete r resolution) digital format. The

USGS terrain data will then be processed by the TERREL program to generate grid

- cell

elevation averages across the modeling domain. A plot of the land elevation s based on the

USGS data for the modeling domain is provided in Figure 3

- 1.

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004



### F IGURE 

### 3

- 1. P LOT OF 

### L AND 

### E LEVATION 

### U SING 

### USGS T ERRAIN 

### D ATA



### 3.1.2 L AND 

### U SE 

### D ATA



### The land use land cover (LULC) data from the USGS North American land cover

characteristics data base in the Lambert Azimuthal eq ual area map projection will be used

in order to determine the land use within the modeling domain

. The LULC data will be

processed by the CTGPROC program which will generate land use for each grid cell

across the modeling domain. A plot of the land use based on the USGS data for the

modeling domain is provided in Figure 3

- 2. - 800

- 600

- 400

- 200 0 200 400 600 800

LCC Easting(km) - 1600 - 140 0 - 1200 - 1000 - 800 - 600 - 400 - 200

L C C N o r t h i n g ( k m ) Seminole Station Muskogee Station Sooner Station

0 982 1960 2950 3930

Terrain

Elevation (m)

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004



### F IGURE 

### 3

- 2. P LOT OF 

### L AND 

### U SE 

### U SING 

### USGS LULC D ATA



### 3.1.3 C OMPILING 

### T ERRAIN AND LAND 

### U SE 

### D ATA



### The terrain data files output by the TERELL program and the LULC f iles output by the

CTGPROC program will be uploaded into the MAKEGEO program to create a

geophysical data file that will be input in to CALMET.



## 3.2 M ETEOROLOGICAL 

## D ATA

CALMET will be used to assimilate data for 2001, 2002, and 2003 using mesoscale model outp ut and

National Weather Service (NWS) surface station observations, upp er air station observations,

precipitation station observations , and National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administrations (NOAA)

buoy station observations to develop the meteorological field

.



### 3.2.1 M ESOSCALE 

### M ODEL 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### Hourly mesoscale data will also be used as the initial guess field in developing the

CALMET meteorological data

. It is OG&E ’s intent to use the following 5 th 

### generation

mesoscale model meteorological data sets (or M M5 data) in the analysis :

 2001 MM5 data at 12 km resolution generated by the U.S. EPA

 2002 MM5 data at 36 km resolution generated by the Iowa DNR

- 800

- 600

- 400

- 200 0 200 400 600 8 00

LCC Easting (km) - 1600 - 1400 - 1200 - 1000 - 800 - 600 - 400 - 200

L C C N o r t h i n g ( k m )

10 27.5 45 62.5 80

Land Use Sooner Station

Muskogee Station

Seminole Station

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

 2003 MM5 data set at 36 km resolution generated by the Midwest RPO

The specific MM5 data that will be use d are subsets of the data listed above. As the

contractor to CENRAP for developing the meteorological data sets for the BART

modeling

, Alpine Geophysics extracted three subsets of MM5 data for each year from

2001 to 2003 from the data sets listed above usin g the CALMM5 extraction program. The

three subsets covered the northern, central, and southern portions of CENRAP

. TXI is

proposing to use the southern set of the extracted MM5 data

.

The 2001 southern subset of the extracted MM5 data includes 30 fil es that are broken into

10 to 11 day incre ments (3 files per month). The 2002 and 2003 southern subsets of

extracted MM5 data include 12 files each of which are broken into 30 to 31 day increment

file s (1 file per month)

. Note that the 2001 to 2003 MM5 d ata extracted by Alpine

Geophysics will not be able to be used directly in the modeling analysis. To run the Alpine

Geophysics extracted MM data in the EPA approved CALMET program, each of the MM5

files will need to be adjusted by appending an additional six (6) hours, at a minimum, to

the end of each file to account for the shift in time zones from the Greenwich Mean Time

(GMT) prepared Alpine Geophysics data to Time Zone 6 for this analysis. No change to

the data will occur.

The time periods covered by the data in each of the MM5 files extracted by Alpine

Geophysics include a specific number of calendar days, where the data starts at Hou r 0 in

GMT for the first calendar day and ends at Hour 23 in GMT on the last calendar day. In

order to run CALMET i n the local standard time (LST), which is necessary since the

surface meteorological observations are recorded in LST, there must be hours of MM5 data

referenced in a CALMET run that match the LST observation hours. Since the LST hours

in Central Standard Time (CST) are 6 hours behind GMT, it is necessary to adjust the data

in each MM5 file so that the time period s covered in the files match CST.

Based on the above discussion, t he Alpine Geophysics MM5 data will not be used directly

. Instead the data fi les will be modified to add 8 additional hours of data to the end of each

file from the beginning of the subsequent file

. CALMET will then be run using the

appended MM5 data to generate a contiguous set of CALMET output files

. The converted

MM5 data file s occupy approximately 1.2 terabytes (TB) of hard drive space.



### 3.2.2 S URFACE 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### Parameters affecting turbulent dispersion that are observed hourly at surface stations

include wind speed and direction, temperature, cloud cover and ceiling, relati ve humidity,

and precipitation type. It is OG&E ’s intent to use the surface stations listed in T able A

- 1

of Appendix A . The locations of the surface stations with respect to the modeling domain

are shown in Figure 3

- 3. The stations were selected from th e available data inventory to

optimize spatial coverage and representation of the domain. Data from the stations will be

processed for use in CALMET using EPA’s SMERGE program.

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004



### F IGURE 

### 3

- 3. P LOT OF 

### S URFACE 

### S TATION 

### L OCATION S



### 3.2.3 U P PER 

### A IR 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### Observations of meteorological conditions in the upper atmosphere provide a profile of

turbulence from the surface through the depth of the boundary layer in which dispersion

occurs. Upper air data are collected by balloons lau nched simultaneously across the

observation network at 0000 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (6 o’clock PM in Oklahoma )

and 1200 GMT (6 o’clock AM in Oklahoma ). Sensors observe pressure, wind speed and

direction, and temperature (among other parameters) as the b alloon rises through the

atmosphere. The upper air observation network is less dense than surface observation

points since upper air conditions vary less and are generally not as affected by local effects

(e.g., terrain or water bodies). The upper air st ations that are proposed for this analysis are

listed in Table A

- 2 of Appendix A

. The locations of the upper air stations with respect to

the modeling domain are shown in Figure 3

- 4. These stations were selected from the

available data inventory to optim ize spatial coverage and representation of the domain.

Data from the stations will be processed for use in CALMET using EPA’s READ62

program. - 800

- 600

- 400

- 200 0 200 400 600 800

LCC Easting (km) - 1600 - 1400 - 1200 - 1000 - 80 0 - 600 - 400 - 200

L C C N o r t h i n g ( k m ) Seminole Station Muskogee Station Sooner Station

WIMO

CACR UPBU HEGL

Class I Areas

Surface Stations

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004



### F IGURE 

### 3

- 4. P LOT OF 

### U PPER 

### A IR 

### S TATIONS 

### L OCATIONS



### 3.2.4 P RECIPITATION 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### The effects of chemical tra nsformation and deposition processes on ambient pollutant

concentrations will be considered in this analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to include

observations of precipitation in the CALMET analysis. The precipitation stations that are

proposed for thi s analysis are listed in Table A

- 3 of Appendix A . The locations of the

precipitation stations with respect to the modeling domain are shown in Figure 3

- 5. These

stations were selected from the available data inventory to optimize spatial coverage and

rep resentation of the domain. Data from the stations will be processed for use in

CALMET using EPA’s PMERGE program.

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004



### F IGURE 

### 3

- 5. P LOT OF 

### P RECIPITATION MET E OROLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS



### 3.2.5 B UOY 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D ATA



### The effects of land/sea breeze on ambient pollutant concentrations will be considered in

this analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to include observations of buoy stations in the

CALMET analysis. The buoy stations that are proposed for this analysis are listed in Table

A

- 4 of Appendix A

. The locations of the buoy stations with respect to the modeling

domain are shown in Figure 3

- 6. These stations were selected from the available data

inventory to optimize spatial coverage and representation of the domain along the

coastline . Data from the stations will be pr epared by filling missing hour records with the

CALMET missing parameter value (9999). No adjustments to the data will occur.

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004



### F IGURE 

### 3

- 6. P LOT OF 

### B UOY 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS



## 3.3 CALMET C ONTROL 

## P ARAMETERS

Appendix B provides a sample CALMET input fil e use d in OG&E ’s modeling analysis. A few

details of the CALMET model setup for sensitive parameters are also discussed below.



### 3.3.1 V ERTICAL 

### M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### P ROFILE



### The height of the top vertical layer will be set to 3

, 500 meters . This height corresponds to

t he top sounding pressure level for which upper air observation data will be relied upon.

T he vertical dimension of the domain will be divided into 12 layers with the maximum

elevations for each layer shown in Table 3

- 1. The vertical dimensions are weigh ted

towards the surface to resolve the mixing layer while using a somewhat coarser resolution

for the layers aloft.

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 T ABLE 

### 3

- 1. V ERTICAL 

### L AYERS OF THE 

### CALMET M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D OMAIN

Layer Elevation (m)

1 20

2 40

3 60

4 80

5 100

6 150

7 200

8 250

9 500

10 1000

11 2000

12 3500



### CALMET allows for a bias value to be applied to each of the vertical layers. The bias

settings for each vertical layer determine the relative weight given to the vertically

extrapolated surface and upper air wind and tem perature observations. The initial guess

fields are computed with an inverse distance weighting (1/ r 2 

### ) of the surface and upper air

data. The initial guess fields may be modified by a layer dependent bias factor. V alue s for

the bias factor may range fro m

- 1 to +1. A bias of

- 1 eliminate s upper

- air observations in

the 1/r 2 

### interpolations used to initialize the vertical wind fields

. Conversely

, a bias of +1

eliminate s the surface observations in the interpolations for this layer. Normally, bias is set

t o zero (0) for each vertical layer, such that the upper air and surface observations are given

equal weight in the 1/r 2 

### interpolations. T he biases for each layer of the proposed modeling

domain will be set to zero.

CALMET allows for vertical extrapolatio n of surface wind observations to layers aloft to

be skipped if the surface station is close to the upper air station. Alternatively, CALMET

allows data from all surface stations to be extrapolated. The CALMET parameter that

con trols this setting is IEXT RP. Setting IEXTRP to a value less than zero (0) means that

layer 1 data from upper air soundings is ignored in any vertical extrapolations. IEXTRP

will be set to

- 4 for this analysis (i.e., t he similarity theory is used to extrapolate the surface

winds into the layers aloft, which provides more information on observed local effects to

the upper layers )

.



### 3.3.2 I NFLUENCES OF 

### O BSERVATIONS



### Step 1 wind fields will be based on an initial guess using MM5 data and refined to reflect

terrain affects. Step 2 wind field s will adjust the Step 1 wind field by incorporating the

influence of local observations. An inverse distance method is used to determine the

influence of observations to the Step 1 wind field. R M AX1 and RMAX2 define the radius

of influence for data from surface stations to land in the surface layer and data from upper

air stations to land in the layers aloft. In general, RMAX1 and RMAX2 are used to

exclude observations from being inappropriately included in the development of the Step 2

### OG&E 3

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

wind field if th e distance from an observation station to a grid point exceeds the maximum

radius of influence.

If the distance from an observation station to a grid point is less than the value set for

RMAX, the observation data will be used in the development of the Step 2 wind field. R1

represents the distance from a surface observation station at which the surface observation

and the Step 1 wind field are weighted equally. R2 represents the comparable distance for

winds aloft. R1 and R2 are used to weight the obs ervation data with respect to the MM 5

data that was used to generate the Step 1 wind field. Large values for R1 and R2 give

more weight to the observations, where as small values give more weight to the MM 5 data.

In this BART modeling analysis, RMAX 1 will be set to 20 km, and R1 will be set to 10

km. This will limit the influence of the surface observation data from all surface stations to

20 km from each station, and will equally weight the MM5 and observation data at 10 km.

RMAX2 will be set to 50 km, and R2 will be set to 25 km. This will limit the influence of

the upper air observation data from all surface stations to 50 km from each station, and will

equally weight the MM5 and observation data at 25 km. These settings of radius of

influence wi ll allow for adequate weighting of the MM5 data and the observation data

across the modeling domain due to the vast domain to be modeled

. RAMX 3 will be set to

500 km.

### OG&E A

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## A PPENDIX 

## A

- M ETEOROLOGICAL 

## S TATIONS

T ABLE 

### A

- 1. L IST OF 

### S URFACE METEOROLOG I CAL 

### S TAT IONS

Number Station

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC North

(km) Long Lat

1 KDYS 69019

- 267.672

- 834.095 96.9968 39.9925

2 KNPA 72222 932.565

- 1020.909 97.0110 39.9908

3 KBFM 72223 857.471

- 996.829 97.0101 39.9910

4 KGZH 72227 946.767

- 899.515 97. 0112 39.9919

5 KTCL 72228 870.843

- 706.104 97.0103 39.9936

6 KNEW 53917 674.172

- 1078.342 97.0080 39.9903

7 KNBG 12958 677.719

- 1104.227 97.0080 39.9900

8 BVE 12884 741.996

- 1153.463 97.0088 39.9896

9 KPTN 72232 550.88

- 1124.295 97.0065 39.9898

10 KM EI 13865 774.911

- 814.225 97.0092 39.9926

11 KPIB 72234 728.416

- 915.165 97.0086 39.9917

12 KGLH 72235 557.072

- 703.097 97.0066 39.9936

13 KHEZ 11111 540.777

- 912.22 97.0064 39.9918

14 KMCB 11112 622.755

- 949.618 97.0074 39.9914

15 KGWO 11113 640.102

- 695.286 97.0076 39.9937

16 KASD 72236 692.381

- 1043.261 97.0082 39.9906

17 KPOE 72239 363.294

- 984.839 97.0043 39.9911

18 KBAZ 72241

- 102.133

- 1140.886 96.9988 39.9897

19 KGLS 72242 215.108

- 1185.604 97.0025 39.9893

20 KDWH 11114 140.413

- 1101.174 97 .0017 39.9900

21 KIAH 12960 158.266

- 1108.37 97.0019 39.9900

22 KHOU 72243 167.147

- 1147.402 97.0020 39.9896

23 KEFD 12906 178.551

- 1152.782 97.0021 39.9896

24 KCXO 72244 152.739

- 1069.309 97.0018 39.9903

25 KCLL 11115 60.898

- 1044.381 97.0007 39.9906

26 KLFK 93987 214.643

- 969.355 97.0025 39.9912

27 KUTS 11116 136.056

- 1026.773 97.0016 39.9907

28 KTYR 11117 150.451

- 846.207 97.0018 39.9924

29 KCRS 72246 56.655

- 882.642 97.0007 39.9920

30 KGGG 72247 214.572

- 841.163 97.0025 39.9924

31 KGKY 11118

- 9.365

- 812.25 96.9999 39.9927

32 KDTN 72248 304.827

- 821.713 97.0036 39.9926

33 KBAD 11119 312.743

- 825.101 97.0037 39.9925

34 KMLU 11120 465.834

- 816.211 97.0055 39.9926

35 KTVR 11121 561.446

- 840.225 97.0066 39.9924

36 KTRL 11122 68.599

- 806.417 97 .0008 39.9927

37 KOCH 72249 216.81

- 930.252 97.0026 39.9916

38 KBRO 12919

- 44.167

- 1571.387 96.9995 39.9858

### OG&E A

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CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Station

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC North

(km) Long Lat

39 KALI 72251

- 103.012

- 1363.74 96.9988 39.9877

40 KLRD 12920

- 246.548

- 1381.603 96.9971 39.9875

41 KSSF 72252

- 143.386

- 1183.35 96.9983 39.989 3

42 KRKP 11123

- 4.965

- 1324.914 96.9999 39.9880

43 KCOT 11124

- 219.097

- 1280.964 96.9974 39.9884

44 KLBX 11125 150.245

- 1207.466 97.0018 39.9891

45 KSAT 12921

- 143.024

- 1160.935 96.9983 39.9895

46 KHDO 12962

- 211.702

- 1178.172 96.9975 39.9894

47 KSK F 72253

- 154.625

- 1177.555 96.9982 39.9894

48 KHYI 11126

- 84.156

- 1122.487 96.9990 39.9899

49 KTKI 72254 38.788

- 754.791 97.0005 39.9932

50 KBMQ 11127

- 118.39

- 1027.031 96.9986 39.9907

51 KATT 11128

- 67.587

- 1075.97 96.9992 39.9903

52 KSGR 11129 131.4 78

- 1151.702 97.0016 39.9896

53 KGTU 11130

- 65.624

- 1033.173 96.9992 39.9907

54 KVCT 12912 6.587

- 1236.788 97.0001 39.9888

55 KPSX 72255 73.878

- 1253.33 97.0009 39.9887

56 KACT 13959

- 22.12

- 929.156 96.9997 39.9916

57 KPWG 72256

- 30.147

- 944.073 96.99 96 39.9915

58 KILE 72257

- 65.288

- 988.507 96.9992 39.9911

59 KGRK 11131

- 79.643

- 990.173 96.9991 39.9911

60 KTPL 11132

- 38.203

- 981.19 96.9996 39.9911

61 KPRX 13960 143.317

- 703.663 97.0017 39.9936

62 KDTO 72258

- 17.018

- 752.974 96.9998 39.9932

63 KA FW 11133

- 29.564

- 777.061 96.9997 39.9930

64 KFTW 72259

- 34.302

- 795.502 96.9996 39.9928

65 KMWL 11134

- 99.769

- 798.767 96.9988 39.9928

66 KRBD 11135 12.453

- 810.467 97.0002 39.9927

67 KDRT 11136

- 384.069

- 1170.59 96.9955 39.9894

68 KFST 22010

- 566.41 8

- 988.838 96.9933 39.9911

69 KGDP 72261

- 739.127

- 873.302 96.9913 39.9921

70 KSJT 72262

- 333.338

- 952.54 96.9961 39.9914

71 KMRF 23034

- 676.265

- 1042.616 96.9920 39.9906

72 KMAF 72264

- 489.668

- 878.107 96.9942 39.9921

73 KINK 23023

- 586.882

- 890.654 96.9931 39.9920

74 KABI 72265

- 252.044

- 836.353 96.9970 39.9924

75 KLBB 13962

- 445.006

- 689.313 96.9948 39.9938

76 KATS 11137

- 696.818

- 763.258 96.9918 39.9931

77 KCQC 11138

- 785.757

- 515.724 96.9907 39.9953

78 KROW 23009

- 698.822

- 712.898 96.9918 39. 9936

79 KSRR 72268

- 789.593

- 686.226 96.9907 39.9938

80 KCNM 11139

- 682.79

- 822.109 96.9919 39.9926

81 KALM 36870

- 838.056

- 752.338 96.9901 39.9932

82 KLRU 72269

- 931.527

- 804.112 96.9890 39.9927

83 KTCS 72271

- 952.353

- 695.469 96.9888 39.9937

### OG&E A

- 3 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Station

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC North

(km) Long Lat

84 KSV C 93063

- 1042.03

- 752.033 96.9877 39.9932

85 KDMN 72272

- 1006.77

- 799.231 96.9881 39.9928

86 KMSL 72323 854.846

- 536.687 97.0101 39.9952

87 KPOF 72330 578.62

- 336.733 97.0068 39.9970

88 KGTR 11140 779.065

- 689.108 97.0092 39.9938

89 KTUP 93862 753.875

- 600.337 97.0089 39.9946

90 KMKL 72334 727.051

- 454.383 97.0086 39.9959

91 KLRF 72340 440.654

- 550.661 97.0052 39.9950

92 KHKA 11141 643.365

- 424.419 97.0076 39.9962

93 KHOT 72341 358.094

- 604.603 97.0042 39.9945

94 KTXK 11142 278.022

- 720.623 97.003 3 39.9935

95 KLLQ 72342 488.655

- 698.008 97.0058 39.9937

96 KMWT 72343 254.18

- 599.224 97.0030 39.9946

97 KFSM 13964 237.97

- 512.87 97.0028 39.9954

98 KSLG 72344 224.881

- 419.064 97.0027 39.9962

99 KVBT 11143 248.074

- 399.892 97.0029 39.9964

100 KHRO 11144 343.525

- 405.601 97.0041 39.9963

101 KFLP 11145 404.239

- 399.142 97.0048 39.9964

102 KBVX 11146 480.712

- 457.853 97.0057 39.9959

103 KROG 11147 258.44

- 397.685 97.0031 39.9964

104 KSPS 13966

- 138.053

- 664.886 96.9984 39.9940

105 KHBR 72352

- 186 .121

- 551.123 96.9978 39.9950

106 KCSM 11148

- 198.844

- 513.911 96.9977 39.9954

107 KFDR 11149

- 181.653

- 625.205 96.9979 39.9944

108 KGOK 72353

- 35.905

- 458.97 96.9996 39.9959

109 KTIK 72354

- 34.581

- 506.938 96.9996 39.9954

110 KPWA 11150

- 58.596

- 493. 951 96.9993 39.9955

111 KSWO 11151

- 7.42

- 425.828 96.9999 39.9962

112 KMKO 72355 146.972

- 479.879 97.0017 39.9957

113 KRVS 72356 91.059

- 438.276 97.0011 39.9960

114 KBVO 11152 87.136

- 357.069 97.0010 39.9968

115 KMLC 11153 110.647

- 563.566 97.0013 39. 9949

116 KOUN 72357

- 40.731

- 527.298 96.9995 39.9952

117 KLAW 11154

- 129.405

- 600.222 96.9985 39.9946

118 KCDS 72360

- 300.297

- 610.668 96.9965 39.9945

119 KGNT 72362

- 985.117

- 475.563 96.9884 39.9957

120 KGUP 11155

- 1059.48

- 427.151 96.9875 39.9961

1 21 KAMA 23047

- 425.319

- 518.171 96.9950 39.9953

122 KBGD 72363

- 395.603

- 466.083 96.9953 39.9958

123 KFMN 72365

- 993.449

- 297.944 96.9883 39.9973

124 KSKX 72366

- 770.464

- 355.855 96.9909 39.9968

125 KTCC 23048

- 597.271

- 511.241 96.9930 39.9954

126 KLV S 23054

- 732.565

- 448.329 96.9914 39.9960

127 KEHR 72423 812.573

- 199.695 97.0096 39.9982

128 KEVV 93817 822.929

- 172.715 97.0097 39.9984

### OG&E A

- 4 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Station

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC North

(km) Long Lat

129 KMVN 72433 704.666

- 154.54 97.0083 39.9986

130 KMDH 11156 676.745

- 218.041 97.0080 39.9980

131 KBLV 11157 617 .659

- 136.018 97.0073 39.9988

132 KSUS 3966 547.898

- 130.122 97.0065 39.9988

133 KPAH 3816 725.985

- 293.319 97.0086 39.9974

134 KJEF 72445 419.01

- 145.496 97.0050 39.9987

135 KAIZ 11158 387.096

- 200.609 97.0046 39.9982

136 KIXD 72447 182.322

- 126.913 97.0022 39.9989

137 KWLD 72450 0

- 298.57 97.0000 39.9973

138 KAAO 11159

- 18.976

- 248.773 96.9998 39.9978

139 KIAB 11160

- 23.392

- 263.471 96.9997 39.9976

140 KEWK 11161

- 24.645

- 215.58 96.9997 39.9981

141 KGBD 72451

- 161.892

- 180.781 96.9981 39.9984

1 42 KHYS 11162

- 195.191

- 124.723 96.9977 39.9989

143 KCFV 11163 126.442

- 319.698 97.0015 39.9971

144 KFOE 72456 114.618

- 115.26 97.0014 39.9990

145 KEHA 72460

- 432.761

- 320.089 96.9949 39.9971

146 KALS 72462

- 777.592

- 245.892 96.9908 39.9978

147 KDRO 1 1164

- 945.713

- 259.163 96.9888 39.9977

148 KLHX 72463

- 568.426

- 195.178 96.9933 39.9982

149 KSPD 2128

- 494.076

- 285.176 96.9942 39.9974

150 KCOS 93037

- 664.022

- 102.596 96.9922 39.9991

151 KGUC 72467

- 857.452

- 115.301 96.9899 39.9990

152 KMTJ 93013

- 9 40.981

- 109.358 96.9889 39.9990

153 KCEZ 72476

- 1020.87

- 233.14 96.9880 39.9979

154 KCPS 72531 591.652

- 136.14 97.0070 39.9988

155 KLWV 72534 808.939

- 94.46 97.0096 39.9992

156 KPPF 74543 130.433

- 293.855 97.0015 39.9973

157 KHOP 74671 841.751

- 324.56 9 97.0099 39.9971

158 KBIX 74768 778.252

- 1028.514 97.0092 39.9907

159 KPQL 11165 814.599

- 1019.583 97.0096 39.9908

160 MMPG 76243

- 348.007

- 1248.779 96.9959 39.9887

161 MMMV 76342

- 446.576

- 1449.334 96.9947 39.9869

162 MMMY 76394

- 316.664

- 1581.176 9 6.9963 39.9857

### OG&E A

- 5 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

T ABLE 

### A

- 2. L IST OF 

### U PPER 

### A IR METEOROLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS

Number Station

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

1 KABQ 23050

- 869.46

- 501.713 96.9897 39.9955

2 KAMA 23047

- 425.319

- 518.171 96.9950 39.9953

3 KBMX 53823 9 51.609

- 702.935 97.0112 39.9936

4 KBNA 13897 920.739

- 377.164 97.0109 39.9966

5 KBRO 12919

- 44.167

- 1571.39 96.9995 39.9858

6 KCRP 12924

- 51.535

- 1360.35 96.9994 39.9877

7 KDDC 13985

- 259.352

- 242.681 96.9969 39.9978

8 KDRT 22010

- 384.069

- 1170.59 96. 9955 39.9894

9 KEPZ 3020

- 914.558

- 852.552 96.9892 39.9923

10 KFWD 3990

- 28.034

- 793.745 96.9997 39.9928

11 KJAN 3940 650.105

- 826.452 97.0077 39.9925

12 KLCH 3937 364.461

- 1089.15 97.0043 39.9902

13 KLZK 3952 432.063

- 560.441 97.0051 39.9949

14 KMAF 23023

- 489.668

- 878.107 96.9942 39.9921

15 KOUN 3948

- 40.731

- 527.298 96.9995 39.9952

16 KSHV 13957 298.869

- 831.166 97.0035 39.9925

17 KSIL 53813 698.079

- 1054.03 97.0082 39.9905

### OG&E A

- 6 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

T ABLE 

### A

- 3. L IST OF 

### P RECIPITATION METEORO LOGICAL 

### S TATIONS

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

1 ADDI 10063 906.825

- 601.428 97.0107 39.9946

2 ALBE 10140 917.606

- 821.64 97.0108 39.9926

3 BERR 10748 892.454

- 683.388 97.0105 39.9938

4 HALE 13620 881.928

- 601.878 97.0104 39.9946

5 HA MT 13645 863.663

- 612.725 97.0102 39.9945

6 JACK 14193 898.014

- 915.623 97.0106 39.9917

7 MBLE 15478 851.953

- 1022.41 97.0101 39.9908

8 MUSC 15749 880.113

- 567.484 97.0104 39.9949

9 PETE 16370 935.558

- 908.259 97.0110 39.9918

10 THOM 18178 900.858

- 91 5.326 97.0106 39.9917

11 TUSC 18385 895.631

- 713.223 97.0106 39.9936

12 VERN 18517 825.585

- 685.773 97.0098 39.9938

13 BEEB 30530 462.394

- 532.485 97.0055 39.9952

14 BRIG 30900 318.015

- 554.857 97.0038 39.9950

15 CALI 31140 419.619

- 731.44 97.0050 39. 9934

16 CAMD 31152 386.546

- 699.659 97.0046 39.9937

17 DIER 32020 268.114

- 643.184 97.0032 39.9942

18 EURE 32356 286.738

- 390.862 97.0034 39.9965

19 GILB 32794 383.362

- 435.625 97.0045 39.9961

20 GREE 32978 450.594

- 483.201 97.0053 39.9956

21 STUT 36 920 509.943

- 596.328 97.0060 39.9946

22 TEXA 37048 278.022

- 720.623 97.0033 39.9935

23 ALAM 50130

- 749.044

- 267.856 96.9912 39.9976

24 ARAP 50304

- 441.903

- 152.324 96.9948 39.9986

25 COCH 51713

- 819.794

- 148.582 96.9903 39.9987

26 CRES 51959

- 828.107

- 119.911 96.9902 39.9989

27 GRAN 53477

- 451.781

- 203.82 96.9947 39.9982

28 GUNN 53662

- 829.573

- 141.995 96.9902 39.9987

29 HUGO 54172

- 539.364

- 81.948 96.9936 39.9993

30 JOHN 54388

- 483.95

- 201.915 96.9943 39.9982

31 KIM 54538

- 544.501

- 283.337 96.993 6 39.9974

32 MESA 55531

- 993.391

- 256.696 96.9883 39.9977

33 ORDW 56136

- 549.552

- 55.741 96.9935 39.9995

34 OURA 56203

- 904.197

- 168.246 96.9893 39.9985

35 PLEA 56591

- 1005.94

- 229.472 96.9881 39.9979

36 PUEB 56740

- 633.961

- 176.872 96.9925 39.9984

3 7 TYE 57320

- 662.095

- 242.254 96.9922 39.9978

38 SAGU 57337

- 790.269

- 176.061 96.9907 39.9984

### OG&E A

- 7 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

39 SANL 57428

- 726.777

- 285.47 96.9914 39.9974

40 SHEP 57572

- 714.046

- 252.189 96.9916 39.9977

41 TELL 58204

- 920.205

- 215.382 96.9891 39.9981

42 TERC 58220

- 708.229

- 296.023 96.9916 39.9973

43 TRIN 58429

- 642.489

- 293.805 96.9924 39.9973

44 TRLK 58436

- 646.185

- 295.727 96.9924 39.9973

45 WALS 58781

- 654.989

- 262.821 96.9923 39.9976

46 WHIT 58997

- 619.615

- 250.12 96.9927 39.9977

47 ASHL 110281 684.787

- 16 9.285 97.0081 39.9985

48 CAIR 111166 697.177

- 301.436 97.0082 39.9973

49 CARM 111302 772.938

- 177.782 97.0091 39.9984

50 CISN 111664 758.146

- 151.446 97.0090 39.9986

51 FLOR 113109 751.801

- 139.837 97.0089 39.9987

52 HARR 113879 762.044

- 246.62 97.009 0 39.9978

53 KASK 114629 650.464

- 239.886 97.0077 39.9978

54 LAWR 114957 829.038

- 128.708 97.0098 39.9988

55 MTCA 115888 827.797

- 149.966 97.0098 39.9986

56 MURP 115983 682.261

- 251.649 97.0081 39.9977

57 NEWT 116159 766.098

- 72.902 97.0090 39.9993

5 8 REND 117187 731.633

- 185.058 97.0086 39.9983

59 SMIT 118020 770.027

- 283.638 97.0091 39.9974

60 SPAR 118147 658.275

- 185.973 97.0078 39.9983

61 VAND 118781 685.449

- 127.048 97.0081 39.9989

62 WEST 119193 778.655

- 147.215 97.0092 39.9987

63 EVAN 1227 38 842.476

- 172.871 97.0100 39.9984

64 NEWB 126151 855.854

- 223.713 97.0101 39.9980

65 PRIN 127125 836.901

- 153.449 97.0099 39.9986

66 STEN 128442 859.099

- 156.613 97.0101 39.9986

67 JTML 128967 788.703

- 239.572 97.0093 39.9978

68 ARLI 140326

- 101.734

- 271.373 96.9988 39.9976

69 BAZI 140620

- 210.423

- 201.758 96.9975 39.9982

70 BEAU 140637 59.762

- 288.39 97.0007 39.9974

71 BONN 140957 211.236

- 103.29 97.0025 39.9991

72 CALD 141233

- 32.689

- 330.586 96.9996 39.9970

73 CASS 141351 54.006

- 217.645 97.0 006 39.9980

74 CENT 141404 170.503

- 206.038 97.0020 39.9981

75 CHAN 141427 150.257

- 286.094 97.0018 39.9974

76 CLIN 141612 155.623

- 157.682 97.0018 39.9986

77 COLL 141730

- 265.465

- 156.95 96.9969 39.9986

78 COLU 141740 220.541

- 316.555 97.0026 39.9971

### OG&E A

- 8 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

79 CONC 141867 58.918

- 175.589 97.0007 39.9984

80 DODG 142164

- 226.497

- 277.655 96.9973 39.9975

81 ELKH 142432

- 400.112

- 321.784 96.9953 39.9971

82 ENGL 142560

- 264.927

- 324.066 96.9969 39.9971

83 ERIE 142582 162.669

- 291.383 97.0019 39.9974

84 FALL 142686 83.491

- 288.177 97.0010 39.9974

85 GALA 142938

- 136.931

- 176.83 96.9984 39.9984

86 GARD 142980

- 304.059

- 215.308 96.9964 39.9981

87 GREN 143248 64.308

- 307.161 97.0008 39.9972

88 HAYS 143527

- 190.307

- 161.342 96.9978 39.9985

89 HEAL 143554

- 29 2.133

- 175.921 96.9966 39.9984

90 HILL 143686 214.018

- 174.006 97.0025 39.9984

91 INDE 143954 139.335

- 315.058 97.0016 39.9972

92 IOLA 143984 153.451

- 269.438 97.0018 39.9976

93 JOHR 144104 134.784

- 203.41 97.0016 39.9982

94 KANO 144178

- 50.289

- 181.1 77 96.9994 39.9984

95 KIOW 144341

- 113.967

- 329.843 96.9987 39.9970

96 MARI 145039

- 4.343

- 195.712 97.0000 39.9982

97 MELV 145210 137.104

- 186.781 97.0016 39.9983

98 MILF 145306 39.504

- 106.05 97.0005 39.9990

99 MOUD 145536 152.624

- 318.136 97.0018 39 .9971

100 OAKL 145888

- 306.378

- 96.814 96.9964 39.9991

101 OTTA 146128 158.639

- 178.635 97.0019 39.9984

102 POMO 146498 143.864

- 176.707 97.0017 39.9984

103 SALI 147160

- 29.426

- 166.908 96.9997 39.9985

104 SMOL 147551

- 34.639

- 171.31 96.9996 39.9985

105 STAN 147756 225.026

- 164.85 97.0027 39.9985

106 SUBL 147922

- 303.514

- 292.808 96.9964 39.9974

107 TOPE 148167 139.116

- 104.91 97.0016 39.9991

108 TRIB 148235

- 387.855

- 180.643 96.9954 39.9984

109 UNIO 148293 211.43

- 272.537 97.0025 39.9975

110 WAL L 148535

- 376.076

- 152.432 96.9956 39.9986

111 WICH 148830

- 23.729

- 288.579 96.9997 39.9974

112 WILS 148946

- 111.502

- 156.22 96.9987 39.9986

113 BENT 150611 781.608

- 348.109 97.0092 39.9969

114 CALH 151227 865.268

- 261.635 97.0102 39.9976

115 CLTN 151 631 749.287

- 365.634 97.0088 39.9967

116 HERN 153798 859.01

- 352.458 97.0101 39.9968

117 MADI 155067 854.116

- 265.064 97.0101 39.9976

118 PADU 156110 753.185

- 293.024 97.0089 39.9974

### OG&E A

- 9 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

119 PCTN 156580 834.464

- 280.496 97.0099 39.9975

120 ALEX 160103 433 .824

- 959.253 97.0051 39.9913

121 BATN 160549 562.794

- 1032.4 97.0066 39.9907

122 CALH 161411 436.113

- 817.451 97.0052 39.9926

123 CLNT 161899 578.969

- 999.986 97.0068 39.9910

124 JENA 164696 455.225

- 912.366 97.0054 39.9918

125 LACM 165078 364.784

- 1 089.92 97.0043 39.9901

126 MIND 166244 346.708

- 812.651 97.0041 39.9927

127 MONR 166314 463.225

- 814.905 97.0055 39.9926

128 NATC 166582 369.451

- 905.316 97.0044 39.9918

129 SHRE 168440 299.526

- 831.143 97.0035 39.9925

130 WINN 169803 408.309

- 884.596 97.0048 39.9920

131 BROK 221094 621.827

- 914.236 97.0073 39.9917

132 CONE 221900 737.007

- 823.513 97.0087 39.9926

133 JAKS 224472 650.361

- 826.097 97.0077 39.9925

134 LEAK 224966 805.886

- 943.78 97.0095 39.9915

135 MERI 225776 774.942

- 814.558 97.009 2 39.9926

136 SARD 227815 658.33

- 593.661 97.0078 39.9946

137 SAUC 227840 763.399

- 1005.93 97.0090 39.9909

138 TUPE 229003 753.571

- 600.03 97.0089 39.9946

139 ADVA 230022 657.892

- 298.102 97.0078 39.9973

140 ALEY 230088 505.348

- 305.864 97.0060 39.997 2

141 BOLI 230789 331.651

- 291.689 97.0039 39.9974

142 CASV 231383 310.855

- 392.187 97.0037 39.9965

143 CLER 231674 575.868

- 302.209 97.0068 39.9973

144 CLTT 231711 307.465

- 190.83 97.0036 39.9983

145 COLU 231791 421.287

- 155.672 97.0050 39.9986

146 DREX 232331 228.23

- 185.776 97.0027 39.9983

147 ELM 232568 257.758

- 159.419 97.0030 39.9986

148 FULT 233079 470.408

- 150.668 97.0056 39.9986

149 HOME 233999 619.93

- 415.469 97.0073 39.9962

150 JEFF 234271 424.774

- 172.095 97.0050 39.9984

151 JOPL 234 315 238.245

- 318.262 97.0028 39.9971

152 LEBA 234825 402.239

- 276.263 97.0048 39.9975

153 LICK 234919 480.849

- 280.775 97.0057 39.9975

154 LOCK 235027 302.048

- 300.612 97.0036 39.9973

155 MALD 235207 659.982

- 377.876 97.0078 39.9966

156 MARS 235298 33 2.062

- 94.655 97.0039 39.9991

157 MAFD 235307 391.968

- 300.033 97.0046 39.9973

158 MCES 235415 471.737

- 143.942 97.0056 39.9987

### OG&E A

- 10 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

159 MILL 235594 309.516

- 311.398 97.0037 39.9972

160 MTGV 235834 426.937

- 310.43 97.0050 39.9972

161 NVAD 235987 243.915

- 2 72.715 97.0029 39.9975

162 OZRK 236460 349.133

- 390.626 97.0041 39.9965

163 PDTD 236777 334.055

- 265.018 97.0039 39.9976

164 POTO 236826 572.215

- 251.455 97.0068 39.9977

165 ROLL 237263 484.503

- 253.958 97.0057 39.9977

166 ROSE 237300 500.59

- 175.393 97.0059 39.9984

167 SALE 237506 498.94

- 274.122 97.0059 39.9975

168 SENE 237656 233.959

- 383.703 97.0028 39.9965

169 SPRC 237967 238.112

- 373.616 97.0028 39.9966

170 SPVL 237976 332.385

- 309.374 97.0039 39.9972

171 STEE 238043 503.354

- 205.135 97.0059 39.9981

172 STOK 238082 310.911

- 279.239 97.0037 39.9975

173 SWSP 238223 324.053

- 150.325 97.0038 39.9986

174 TRKD 238252 340.418

- 395.428 97.0040 39.9964

175 TRUM 238466 326.883

- 197.796 97.0039 39.9982

176 UNIT 238524 238.567

- 154.494 97.0028 39.99 86

177 VIBU 238609 519.633

- 267.258 97.0061 39.9976

178 VIEN 238620 470.383

- 193.872 97.0056 39.9983

179 WAPP 238700 606.68

- 358.746 97.0072 39.9968

180 WASG 238746 556.425

- 164.993 97.0066 39.9985

181 WEST 238880 489.373

- 377.809 97.0058 39.9966

182 ALBU 290234

- 869.46

- 501.713 96.9897 39.9955

183 ARTE 290600

- 689.529

- 773.897 96.9919 39.9930

184 AUGU 290640

- 973.07

- 598.391 96.9885 39.9946

185 CARL 291469

- 680.335

- 811.474 96.9920 39.9927

186 CARR 291515

- 819.836

- 665.132 96.9903 39.9940

187 CL AY 291887

- 547.124

- 374.102 96.9935 39.9966

188 CLOV 291939

- 566.973

- 599.296 96.9933 39.9946

189 CUBA 292241

- 890.304

- 392.495 96.9895 39.9965

190 CUBE 292250

- 951.142

- 489.293 96.9888 39.9956

191 DEMI 292436

- 1007.99

- 799.087 96.9881 39.9928

192 DUR A 292665

- 767.148

- 577.618 96.9909 39.9948

193 EANT 292700

- 735.089

- 366.94 96.9913 39.9967

194 LAVG 294862

- 738.245

- 461.163 96.9913 39.9958

195 PROG 297094

- 811.39

- 578.971 96.9904 39.9948

196 RAMO 297254

- 733.737

- 615.175 96.9913 39.9944

197 ROSW 2 97610

- 698.544

- 712.921 96.9918 39.9936

198 ROY 297638

- 644.735

- 422.422 96.9924 39.9962

### OG&E A

- 11 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

199 SANT 298085

- 807.375

- 445.708 96.9905 39.9960

200 SPRI 298501

- 676.681

- 374.272 96.9920 39.9966

201 STAY 298518

- 810.491

- 495.501 96.9904 39.9955

202 TNMN 29 9031

- 912.488

- 413.425 96.9892 39.9963

203 TUCU 299156

- 604.359

- 508.834 96.9929 39.9954

204 WAST 299569

- 638.605

- 820.288 96.9925 39.9926

205 WISD 299686

- 856.967

- 756.366 96.9899 39.9932

206 AIRS 340179

- 212.731

- 597.062 96.9975 39.9946

207 ARDM 340 292

- 12.242

- 645.633 96.9999 39.9942

208 BENG 340670 174.368

- 568.011 97.0021 39.9949

209 CANE 341437 71.857

- 637.935 97.0009 39.9942

210 CHRT 341544 203.233

- 632.067 97.0024 39.9943

211 CHAN 341684 10.494

- 475.655 97.0001 39.9957

212 CHIK 341750

- 83. 175

- 547.26 96.9990 39.9951

213 CCTY 342334

- 165

- 479.536 96.9981 39.9957

214 DUNC 342654

- 88.38

- 610.04 96.9990 39.9945

215 ELKC 342849

- 216.769

- 507.879 96.9974 39.9954

216 FORT 343281

- 129.964

- 541.113 96.9985 39.9951

217 GEAR 343497

- 118.53

- 482.1 87 96.9986 39.9956

218 HENN 344052

- 31.964

- 601.206 96.9996 39.9946

219 HOBA 344202

- 189.062

- 547.36 96.9978 39.9951

220 KING 344865 24.538

- 664.103 97.0003 39.9940

221 LKEU 344975 141.702

- 520.6 97.0017 39.9953

222 LEHI 345108 71.634

- 612.05 97.0009 39.9945

223 MACI 345463

- 254.63

- 466.154 96.9970 39.9958

224 MALL 345589

- 55.127

- 425.644 96.9994 39.9962

225 MAYF 345648

- 258.49

- 512.583 96.9970 39.9954

226 MUSK 346130 149.764

- 466.905 97.0018 39.9958

227 NOWA 346485 121.551

- 364.038 97.0014 39.996 7

228 OKAR 346620

- 88.424

- 473.338 96.9990 39.9957

229 OKEM 346638 63.188

- 504.958 97.0008 39.9954

230 OKLA 346661

- 54.198

- 510.562 96.9994 39.9954

231 PAOL 346859

- 23.665

- 573.142 96.9997 39.9948

232 PAWH 346935 57.704

- 369.174 97.0007 39.9967

233 P AWN 346944 16.927

- 398.139 97.0002 39.9964

234 PONC 347196

- 8.871

- 363.068 96.9999 39.9967

235 PRYO 347309 150.763

- 407.824 97.0018 39.9963

236 SHAT 348101

- 256.963

- 407.368 96.9970 39.9963

237 STIG 348497 171.02

- 523.736 97.0020 39.9953

238 TULS 3489 92 99.361

- 419.873 97.0012 39.9962

### OG&E A

- 12 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

239 TUSK 349023 156.629

- 592.395 97.0019 39.9946

240 WMWR 349629

- 156.42

- 581.308 96.9982 39.9947

241 WOLF 349748 30.212

- 538.388 97.0004 39.9951

242 BOLI 400876 760.886

- 500.256 97.0090 39.9955

243 BROW 401150 710.0 48

- 480.346 97.0084 39.9957

244 CETR 401587 877.35

- 456.294 97.0104 39.9959

245 DICS 402489 872.14

- 391.132 97.0103 39.9965

246 DYER 402680 695.792

- 409.316 97.0082 39.9963

247 GRNF 403697 760.795

- 395.69 97.0090 39.9964

248 JSNN 404561 765.932

- 476.4 14 97.0090 39.9957

249 LWER 405089 885.291

- 487.757 97.0105 39.9956

250 LEXI 405210 790.003

- 471.897 97.0093 39.9957

251 MASO 405720 694.163

- 496.166 97.0082 39.9955

252 MEMP 405954 671.8

- 522.492 97.0079 39.9953

253 MWFO 405956 681.292

- 516.15 97.008 0 39.9953

254 MUNF 406358 678.65

- 495.241 97.0080 39.9955

255 SAMB 408065 697.077

- 382.536 97.0082 39.9965

256 SAVA 408108 800.788

- 498.682 97.0095 39.9955

257 UNCY 409219 711.595

- 384.605 97.0084 39.9965

258 ABIL 410016

- 251.753

- 836.027 96.9970 39.9 924

259 AMAR 410211

- 425.302

- 517.839 96.9950 39.9953

260 AUST 410428

- 67.587

- 1075.97 96.9992 39.9903

261 BRWN 411136

- 43.861

- 1571.39 96.9995 39.9858

262 COST 411889 60.611

- 1044.72 97.0007 39.9906

263 COCR 412015

- 51.832

- 1360.01 96.9994 39.9877

2 64 CROS 412131

- 204.599

- 868.469 96.9976 39.9922

265 DFWT 412242

- 1.867

- 786.341 97.0000 39.9929

266 EAST 412715

- 171.024

- 840.253 96.9980 39.9924

267 ELPA 412797

- 886.583

- 860.763 96.9895 39.9922

268 HICO 414137

- 97.323

- 888.181 96.9989 39.9920

269 H UST 414300 157.976

- 1108.38 97.0019 39.9900

270 KRES 414880

- 434.746

- 611.717 96.9949 39.9945

271 LKCK 414975 99.734

- 693.521 97.0012 39.9937

272 LNGV 415348 220.962

- 844.674 97.0026 39.9924

273 LUFK 415424 214.652

- 969.69 97.0025 39.9912

274 MATH 415 661

- 86.438

- 1330.47 96.9990 39.9880

275 MIDR 415890

- 489.385

- 878.123 96.9942 39.9921

276 MTLK 416104

- 672.024

- 1008.98 96.9921 39.9909

277 NACO 416177 223.065

- 925.966 97.0026 39.9916

278 NAVA 416210 28.358

- 892.028 97.0003 39.9919

### OG&E A

- 13 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

Number Sta tion

Acronym Station

ID LCC

East

(km) LCC

North

(km) Long Lat

279 NEWB 416270 2 39.111

- 721.818 97.0028 39.9935

280 BPAT 417174 288.962

- 1110.65 97.0034 39.9900

281 RANK 417431

- 472.048

- 959.488 96.9944 39.9913

282 SAAG 417943

- 333.338

- 952.54 96.9961 39.9914

283 SAAT 417945

- 143.322

- 1161.27 96.9983 39.9895

284 SHEF 418252

- 463. 759

- 1019.19 96.9945 39.9908

285 STEP 418623

- 112.988

- 857.918 96.9987 39.9922

286 STER 418630

- 376.683

- 897.195 96.9956 39.9919

287 VALE 419270

- 720.749

- 1015.17 96.9915 39.9908

288 VICT 419364 6.882

- 1236.45 97.0001 39.9888

289 WACO 419419

- 21.834

- 928.823 96.9997 39.9916

290 WATR 419499

- 353.767

- 916.015 96.9958 39.9917

291 WHEE 419665 57.489

- 1008.99 97.0007 39.9909

292 WPDM 419916 262.792

- 737.786 97.0031 39.9933

293 DORA 232302 433.256

- 378.797 97.0051 39.9966

294 DIXN 112353 756.057

- 267.19 3 97.0089 39.9976

295 DAUP 12172 864.408

- 1050.41 97.0102 39.9905

296 FREV 123104 847.031

- 117.884 97.0100 39.9989

297 WARR 18673 890.447

- 788.703 97.0105 39.9929

298 MDTN 235562 493.264

- 87.222 97.0058 39.9992

### OG&E A

- 14 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004

T ABLE 

### A

- 4. L IST OF 

### O VER 

### W ATER METEOR OLOGICAL 

### S TATIONS

Number Station

ID Input file

Name LCC

East

(km) LCC North

(km) Long Lat

1 42001 42001 746.874

- 1541.35 89.67 25.9

2 42002 42002 265.486

- 1650.616 94.42 25.19

3 42007 42007 795.674

- 1063.667 88.77 30.09

4 42019 42019 163.178

- 1342.917 95.36 27.91

5 42020 42020 30.212

- 1453.738 96.7 26.94

6 42035 42035 254.465

- 1193.539 94.41 29.25

7 42040 42040 859.497

- 1160.066 88.21 29.18

8 BURL1 42045 743.116

- 1202.117 89.43 28.9

9 DPIA1 42046 861.385

- 1039.466 88.07 30.25

10 GDIL1 42047 687.9 84

- 1164.910 89.96 29.27

11 PTAT2 42048

- 4.980

- 1353.398 97.05 27.83

12 SRST2 42049 288.163

- 1175.682 94.05 29.67

### OG&E B

- 1 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## A PPENDIX 

## B

– S AMPLE 

## CALMET C ONTROL 

## F ILE 

## (CALPUFF V ERSION 

## 5.8)

### OG&E C

- 1 Trinity Consultants

CALMET Processing Protocol 083701.0004 

## A PPENDIX 

## C

– S AMPLE 

## CALMET C ONTROL 

## F ILE 

## (CALPUFF V ERSION 

## 6 )