### Presented b y Russell Huffmyer , John V anGehuchten, Jam es S ilva

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# RECOVERING VALUABLE BYPRODUCTS FROM OIL AND GAS WASTES
RUSSELL HUFFMYER ; NUVERRAENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS , INC .; CORAOPOLIS , PA JOHN VAN GEHUCHTEN ; HDR ENGINEERING INC .; PITTSBURGH , PA IWC 13-37

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........... .. . N T ERNAT IO NAL WATER CO NFEREN CE 2 01 3 We pu t our energy behind sustainability"

# Overview of Topics
• Drilling Fluid Composition

· Water Based (WBM), Oil Based (OBM), Synthetic Based (SBM) , and Universal Additives • Example Treatment Data • Well Drilling Fluid Treatment • Drill Cuttings Treatment • Drilling Mud Treatment • Drilling Wastewater Treatment Example Treatment Facility

I N TE RNA T I O NAl ATER CO NF E R E N CE 20 1 3

# Drilling Fluid Composition Drilling Fluids- lubricate drilling operations , cool the drill head, transports drill cuttings to the surface
. • Water- Based Mud (WBM ) • Oil-Based Mud (OBM) • Synthetic-Based Fluid or Mud (SBM) All Drilling Fluids contain Universal Additives • Surfactants • Scale Inhib itors Biocides

# Water- Based Mud (WBM) is Environmentally Friendly Used in shallow zones to protect aquifers Properties: • Water and Bentonite Stabilizers • Often- air mist with soap • Viscosity control is key • Less expensive than OBM

# Oil - Based Mud (OBM) Provides Heat Dissipation and Stability Base Fluid is Petroleum Product-often diesel
• Increased lubricity • Enhanced scale inhibition • Greater cleaning abilities • Reduced fluid viscosity Higher Cost drives the need for recycling.

# Synthetic- Based Mud (SBM) is Used for Laterals where Diesel is Prohibited Base Fluid is synthetic oil

• Used for same reasons asOBM • Highest Cost Mud • Recycled wherever possible

### Drilling Additives Vary Based on Mud Type and Region Drilling fluids contain add itives • scale in h ibitors • surfactants • biocides Also conta i n materia ls picked up from the formation • inorganic • organic • d issolved and suspended material Lower 48 states shale plays

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# Drilling Fluid Treatment Four Primary Recoverable Components :

• Drill Cuttings

• Drill Mud

• Drill Water

• Hydrocarbons

# Well Drilling Fluid Treatment • Well Treatment Equipment
• Isolate Cuttings , Mud , and Wastewater

C utti ngs

# Well Drilling Fluid Treatment Cuttings
Mud • Disposed / Recycling
• On Site Reuse • Disposed I Recycling Water • On Site Reuse • Treatment I Disposal Hydrocarbons • On Site Reuse • Bound to cuttings , mud , or with water Drill Cutting Drver

# Well Material Reuse Limitations Mud • Break down of mud particle size



## Water Mud leaving system 4
.0 10 16 ( Pha ri s , 1991 )



### • Total Dissolved Solid Limitations (i.e
. Chlorides) • Total Suspended Solids • Sealants (i.e. Calcium)

I N TE RNA T I O NA L R CO NFEREN CE 201 !I

# Drill Cuttings Treatment Cuttings collected from shaker screens can contain hydrocarbons. Thermal Desorption • Heat cuttings in anoxic environment • Oil , water evaporate from mineral solids • Condense oil and water separately Direct vs. Indirect Heating • Direct: uses gas or other fuel as heat source • Indirect: Friction from rotating drum and hammer action on cuttings

I N TER N ATIO N AL CO N FE R E N C E 20 I 3

# Drill Cuttings Treatment- Example Thermal Desorption Unit • Volatilize and Recover 

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.5°/o hydrocarbons

• Excellent diesel recovery • Cuttings Feed stock : • 1 

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- 30°/o Diesel 

## • 20°/o Water • Drill cuttings very clean and can be reused :

• Asphalt or concrete aggregate • Road base construction

t N T£ RNA TIO N AL WATE CO N FERE N C E 2 013 Image courtesy Therma-Fiite 2013

# Drill Mud Treatment Treatm e nt Pro cess: • Chemical Treatment or Electro Coagulation

• Ox idant - Break down polymers , foaming , or de-foaming agents • pH Adjustment • Coagulant • Iron

· Aluminum • C arbonate • A lso adsorbs hydrocarbons • Sol ids Remova l • C larification • Ce ntrifuge Filter press • Filtrate se nt for further treatment

INTERNA T I O NA L T£ R CO NFEREN C E 2 01 J

# Drill Mud Treatment

Oil Reclamation Mud Reuse • Typi ca lly Landfilled • Favorable Potential Reuse Appli cati o n s • Landfi l l Lin i ng • Land farm i ng • Mix with organ ics for wetland restoration 

### • Regu latory Obstacles fo r Reuse

I N T EaNATI O NAL C O N F ER E N CE 2013

# Dri II Wastewater Treatment Water Sources From wellhead cent rifuges • Water Based Mud Fi ltrate or supernatant from mud treatment • Typically treated separately from Flowback or Produced water 

## Influent Wastewater Quality Parameter



### TSS

-- ---- 

### TDS Influent Range (mg/L) 1 50-7 ,000 1 0- 1 ,500 0- 1 ,500 25-2 ,000 200-2 ,000 3 ,000- 80 ,000

# Case Study Treatment System Truck Unloading (\) "0

• Marcellus ShaleRegionLeading the Industry in Recycle

• Typical Contaminant Levels

• Variability poses Operational Challenges

IN T ERNATI O N Al CO NF E REN C E 2 013 ( Potassium Permanganate & ( Sulfuric Aci d 1 ( Sodium Hydroxide 

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# ~ **~** Receiving Pits

First Stage Second Stage Effluent Mix Tank

Clarifier Clarifier Holding Tank Truck Loading Hydrochloric Acid 

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# FlJ ) Roll of Box Removal Sludge P late and Hold ing Tank Frame P ress

# Case Study-Treatment Facility

I N TE .NAT IO NA L CO N F EA E N CE 2013 

### Facility location : Masontown , PA Facility Capacity- 12 ,000 bpd of drilling/flowback water Treatment Process and Characteristics • Treats mostly drilling wastewater • Recovers water for Fracturing Fluid makeup • Primary Contaminants Removed • Next phase involves additional recovery of condensate

## Conclusion

IN T ERNATI O NAL CO NFEit E N C E 20 13 • Act of Drilling Oil and Gas wells require the use of water based and/or hydrocarbon based drilling mud
. • Drilling Flu id Chemistry is created spec ifically for each drill i ng operation
. • Currently facility recovers water • Future phases will include the recover of Hydrocarbons • New fac i lities in design and construction to provide greater material recovery