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Tickborne Diseases of the United States


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Heartland and Bourbon Virus Diseases					minus icon
                Contents
			HomeTick IDOverview of Tickborne DiseasesLyme DiseaseTickborne Relapsing Fever (TBRF)Hard Tick Relapsing FeverAnaplasmosisEhrlichiosisRocky Mountain Spotted FeverRickettsia parkeri RickettsiosisTularemiaBabesiosisHeartland and Bourbon Virus DiseasesColorado Tick FeverPowassan Virus DiseaseTickborne Diseases AbroadTick Bites/PreventionLyme Disease Prophylaxis After Tick Bite					Related Pages
										AgentHeartland virusWhere FoundAs of 2017, more than 50 cases of Heartland virus disease have been reported from states in the Midwest and the South.Heartland virus disease blood smearIncubation PeriodSpecific ranges are unknown; most patients report a tick bite in the 2 weeks prior to illness.Signs and SymptomsFever
Fatigue
Decreased appetite
Headache
Arthralgia
Myalgia
Nausea
DiarrheaGeneral Laboratory FindingsLeukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Mild to moderate elevation of hepatic transaminasesBourbon Virus DiseaseAs of 2017, a limited number of Bourbon virus disease cases have been identified in the Midwest and southern United States. Some people who have been infected later died. Scientists continue to investigate possible symptoms caused by this new virus. Symptoms of people diagnosed with Bourbon virus disease included fever, tiredness, rash, headache, body aches, nausea, and vomiting. General laboratory findings included leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.Laboratory DiagnosisMolecular and serologic testing for Heartland virus infection can be performed at CDC. There are no commercially available tests for Heartland virus infection in the United States. Please contact your state health department if you have a patient with an acute illness that may be compatible with Heartland virus disease.TreatmentTreatment of Heartland virus disease is supportive. Many patients diagnosed with the disease have required hospitalization. With supportive care, most people have fully recovered; however, a few older individuals with medical comorbidities have died.ReferencesBasile AJ, Horiuchi K, Goodman CH, et al. Development of diagnostic microsphere-based immunoassays for Heartland virus. *J Clin Virol.* 2021;134:104693.
Brault AC, Savage HM, Duggal NK et al. Heartland Virus Epidemiology, Vector Association, and Disease Potential. *Viruses.* 2018 Sep 14;10(9):498.
McMullan LK, Folk SM, Kelly AJ, et al. A new phlebovirus associated with severe febrile illness in Missouri. *N Eng J Med* 2012;367:834-41.
Muehlenbachs A, Fata CR, Lambert AJ, et al. Heartland virus associated death in Tennessee. *Clin Infect Dis* 2014;59(6):845-850.
Godsey MS, Savage HM, Burkhalter KL, et al. Transmission of Heartland virus (Bunyaviridae: Plebovirus) by experimentally infected Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). *J Med Entomol* 2016;53(5):1226-1233.
Savage HM, Godsey MS, Panella NA, et al. Surveillance for Heartland virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) in Missouri during 2014: First detection of virus in adults of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ioxodidae). *J Med Entomol* 2016;53(3):607-612.
Staples JE, Pastula DM, Panella AJ, et al. Investigation of Heartland virus disease throughout the United States, 2013-2017*. Open Forum Infect Dis.* 2020 Apr 11;7(5):ofaa125.Top of Page
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						Page last reviewed:  August 5, 2022					Content source: 	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD) homeTickborne Diseases of the United StatesTick IDOverview of Tickborne DiseasesLyme DiseaseTickborne Relapsing Fever (TBRF)Hard Tick Relapsing FeverAnaplasmosisEhrlichiosisRocky Mountain Spotted Fever*Rickettsia parkeri*RickettsiosisTularemiaBabesiosisHeartland and Bourbon Virus DiseasesColorado Tick FeverPowassan Virus DiseaseTickborne Diseases AbroadTick Bites/PreventionLyme Disease Prophylaxis After Tick Bite


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