# U n i t e d S t a t e s C o u r t o f A pp e a l s For the Eig hth Circu it

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No . 2 0 -3 3 38

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Dav i d Zo k ai tes

ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Pl a in t i

f f - Ap p el l an t

v

.
Ci t y o f Si o u x Fal l s

l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l Def

en da n t - Ap

p el l ee

_

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ap p eal fro m

Un i t ed St at es Di s t ri ct Co u rt fo r t h e Di s t ri ct o f So u t h Dak o t a - So u t h ern

_

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Su b m i t t ed : M ay

1 6 , 2 0 2 1 Fi l ed : M ay

2 0 , 2 02 1 [Un pu b l is h ed ]

_ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ Befo re LOKEN, M ELLOY, an d KOBES, Ci rcu i t J u dg es

.

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PER CURIAM

.

Dav i d Zo kai t es ap p eal s the distr ic t c o ur t’ s 1 a d v ers e g ran t o f s u m

m ary ju d g m en t i n h is p ro s e 4 2 U.S.C. § 1 9 83 act i o n

. Up o n d e n o v o rev i ew, s ee T h i el v

. Ko rt e, 9 5 4

1 Th e Ho n o rab l e K aren E. Sch rei er, Un i t ed St at es Di s t ri ct Ju d g e fo r t h e Di s t ri ct

o f So ut h Dak o t a.F.3 d 1 12 5
, 1 1 2 8 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 20 ) (s t an d ard o f rev iew), w e affi rm

. W e ag ree wi t h t h e

d i s t r i ct co u rt t h at Zo k ai t es fai l ed t o es t ab l i s h a g en ui n e i s s ue o f m at eri al fact as to wh et h er t h e ci t y h ad a p o l icy o r cu s t o m th at cau s ed t he al l eg ed co n s t i t u t i o n al

v i o l at i o n s, as req u i red t o h o l d t h e ci t y l i ab l e. See M o n el l v

. Dep ’ t o f So c. Serv s ., 4 3 6
U

. S

. 6 5 8
, 6 9 0 -9 2 (1 9 7 8 ) (p l ai n t i ff seek i n g to h o ld l ocal g o v ern m en t l i ab l e u n d e r § 1 9 8 3 m u s t es tab l i s h o ffi ci al p o l i cy , cu s to m , o r p ract i ce o f u nco n s t i t u t i o n al co n d u ct
t h at cau s ed d ep ri v at i o n o f co n st i t u t i o n al ri g h t s ); T hi el
, 9 5 4 F.3 d at 1 1 2 9 (s u m m ary j u d g m en t fo r co u n t y was p ro p er w h ere p l ai n t i ff fai l ed t o pro v i d e ev i d en ce o f

m u ni ci p al cu s t om t hat led to co n s t i t u t io n al v io l at i o n ); Cart er v

. M o rri s , 1 6 4 F.3 d 2 1 5,
2 1 8 (4 t h Ci r. 1 9 9 9 ) (ch al l en ged p o l i cy o r cu s t o m can n o t m erel y b e ab s t ract o n e o f

v i o l at i n g ci t izen s ’ co n s t i t u t i o n al ri g h ts , an d p l ai n t i ff can n o t rel y u po n s cat t ers h ot

accu s at i on s o f u n rel at ed co n s t i t u t i o n al v i o lat i on s t o p ro ve t h at m u ni ci p al i t y was

m o vi n g fo rce beh i n d h is d ep ri v at i o n ). W e fi n d n o ab us e o f d i s cret io n i n t h e d i s t ri ct

co u rt ’ s ru l i n g s o n t he p art i es ’ d i s co v ery m ot i o n s , s ee Bu ck l ew v. Precy t h e, 8 8 3 F.3 d
1 0 8 7
, 1 0 96 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 1 8 ) (d i s co v ery ru l i n g s are rev i ewed n arro wl y fo r g ro s s ab u s e

o f d is cret i o n ), or o n Zo k ai t es ’ s m o t i o n t o am en d h i s co m p l ai n t an d h i s p o s t -ju d g m en t

m o ti o n , s ee U.S. ex rel

. Ray n o r v

. N at ’ l Ru ral Ut i l s

. Co -o p Fi n

. , Co rp ., 6 9 0 F.3 d 9 5 1,
9 5 8 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 1 2 ) (n o ab u s e of d i scret i o n i n d en y i n g l eav e to am en d wh en p l ai n t i ff h as n o t s u b m i t t ed p ro p o s ed am en d ed p l ead i n g i n acco rd w i t h l o cal pro ced ural ru l e);
M i l ler v

. Bak er Im

p l em en t Co
., 4 3 9 F.3 d 4 0 7
, 4 1 4 (8 th Ci r. 2 0 0 6 ) (ab u s e o f d i s cret i o n rev i ew o f d en i al o f Fed . R. Ci v . P. 5 9 (e) an d 6 0 (b ) m o t i o n s ).

Th e j u d gm en t is affi rm ed

. See 8 t h Ci r. R. 4 7 B. W e d en y Zo k ai tes ’ s p en d i n g

m o ti o n s.

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