# Patent

## Title
Motion-based disabling of messaging on a wireless communications device by differentiating a driver from a passenger

## Abstract

When a wireless communications device is traveling at a speed exceeding a lower threshold but less than an upper threshold, the device is presumed to be traveling in a motor vehicle. In order to inhibit operation of the wireless communication device by a driver without restricting operation by a passenger, access to certain device functions or applications such as e-mail, text messaging, etc. are limited by challenging the user of the device to respond to an ergonomic challenge that requires two-handed user input. Only if two-handed input is received will the wireless communications device grant access to e-mail or instant messaging.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/367,020 filed Feb. 6, 2009.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications devices and, in particular, to techniques for disabling certain device functionalities based on motion of the device.
BACKGROUND
Wireless communications devices such as the BlackBerry® by Research In Motion Limited provide a variety of useful functions, such as voice communication, e-mail and Web browsing. Instant messaging and e-mail are extremely popular applications on these devices.
United States Patent Application 2008/0268767 (Brown et al.) entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVE INTERFERING WITH WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES discloses a technique for disabling operation of a wireless communications device to prevent usage within a vehicle. A drive circuit coupled to an antenna produces interference within a communications band in response to vehicle motion above a certain threshold.
Even if active interference precludes data transmission or reception over the communications frequency band, some device users might nonetheless remain tempted to type and save draft e-mails for sending at a later time when the active interference is shut off, i.e. when the vehicle has come to a full rest.
United States Patent Application 2004/0254715 (Yamada) entitled IN-VEHICLE EMAIL INCOMING NOTICE UNIT AND EMAIL TRANSMISSION UNIT discloses an in-vehicle navigation device capable of notifying a driver of an incoming email. The device restricts notification to the driver if the speed of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined threshold. This prior-art technology also fails to inhibit the user from attempting to type outgoing messages or to type and save draft messages.
A means of inhibiting users from typing messages while operating a motor vehicle thus remains highly desirable.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further features and advantages of the present technology will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of an exemplary wireless communications device on which the present technology can be implemented, and further depicting certain main components of the device in block diagram format;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart depicting steps of a method of inhibiting messaging by an operator of a motor vehicle in accordance with an implementation of the present technology;
FIG. 3 is an example of a CAPTCHA used as a visual challenge for restricting access to the messaging functions of the wireless communications device;
FIG. 4 is another example of a CAPTCHA used as a visual challenge for restricting access to the messaging functions of the wireless communications device;
FIG. 5 is an example of a mathematical question used as a visual challenge for restricting access to the messaging functions of the wireless communications device;
FIG. 6 schematically depicts high-risk traffic zones where the current location of the device can be used to augment the difficulty level or complexity of the visual challenge in accordance with another aspect of this technology;
FIG. 7 is a schematic depiction of a notional division of a keyboard on a wireless communications device for the purposes of performing a method of differentiating a driver and a passenger in accordance with another aspect of this novel technology;
FIG. 8 depicts an example of a method of restricting access to an e-mail application by requiring that the user simultaneously press two keys on the keypad of the device where the two keys are selected randomly from the keys disposed on each of the two different sides of the keypad;
FIG. 9 is a schematic depiction of a notional division of a touchscreen user interface on a wireless communications device for the purposes of performing a method of differentiating a driver and a passenger in accordance with this second main aspect of the novel technology;
FIG. 10 depicts a method of restricting access to an instant messaging application by requiring that the user simultaneously touch two icons or onscreen images that are displayed at random locations on each of the two sides of the screen; and
FIG. 11 is a flowchart depicting steps of a method of inhibiting messaging by an operator of a motor vehicle by differentiating the operator from a passenger in accordance with this second main aspect of the novel technology.



It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present technology provides a novel method, computer program product, and wireless communications device that limits access to e-mail, text messaging or other functions of the device that would require typing or two-handed manipulation to utilize while simultaneously operating a motor vehicle. When the positioning subsystem, e.g. GPS chipset, determines that the device is moving at a speed greater than a first predetermined threshold (more than walking speed) but less than a second predetermined threshold (aircraft speed), the device is presumed to be traveling in a motor vehicle (e.g. in an automobile, truck, motorboat, personal watercraft, motorcycle, snowmobile, etc.). In order to inhibit a person from typing input into the device while operating a motor vehicle, the device presents the user with a visual challenge that would easily be solved by a passenger but which would pose an obstacle to a driver. The visual challenge may be, for example, a CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart), i.e. a string of visually distorted text that the user must attempt to recognize and then type into the prompt. Other variations on this visual challenge can, of course, be used such as, for example, identifying an objects of a photograph, identifying a common object in multiple photographs, solving visual puzzles, performing mathematical operations, etc.
Thus, an aspect of the present technology is a method of restricting access to e-mail and instant messaging on a wireless communications device. The method includes determining a current speed of the device, and determining if the current speed of the device is greater than a lower threshold and optionally also less than an upper threshold, in which case the device is presumed to be traveling in a motor vehicle. If the device is presumed to be traveling in a motor vehicle, the device challenges the user to respond to a randomly generated visual challenge in order to gain access to e-mail or instant messaging.
Another aspect of the present technology is a computer readable medium comprising instructions in code adapted to perform the steps of the foregoing method when the code is loaded into memory and executed on a processor of a wireless communications device.
Yet another aspect of the present technology is a wireless communications device that disables or restricts messaging by challenging users to respond correctly to a visual challenge such as a CAPTCHA. The device includes a radiofrequency transceiver for transmitting and receiving text-based communications, a positioning subsystem for determining a current speed of the device, and a processor operatively coupled to a memory and to the positioning subsystem for receiving the current speed from the positioning subsystem and for determining whether the current speed is greater than a first predetermined threshold and optionally also less than a second predetermined threshold. The processor and memory are further coupled to a display for displaying a randomly generated visual challenge to be solved in order to gain access to the text-based communications.
A further aspect of the present technology is a method of restricting access to one or more applications on a wireless communications device, the method comprising determining a current speed of the device. Where the current speed of the device is greater than a lower threshold, the method entails requesting two-handed user input on a user input device and restricting access to at least one application on the device until the two-handed user input is received.
Another aspect of the present technology is a computer readable medium comprising instructions in code adapted to perform the steps of the foregoing method when the code is loaded into memory and executed on a processor of a wireless communications device.
Yet a further aspect of the present technology is a wireless communications device having a radiofrequency transceiver for transmitting and receiving text-based communications, a positioning subsystem for determining a current speed of the device and a processor operatively coupled to a memory and to the positioning subsystem for receiving the current speed from the positioning subsystem and for determining whether the current speed is greater than a first predetermined threshold. The processor and memory are further configured to, where the current speed is greater than a lower threshold, request two-handed user input on a user input device and restrict access to at least one application on the device until the two-handed user input is received.
The details and particulars of these aspects of the technology will now be described below, by way of example, with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a wireless communications device 100 on which the present technology can be implemented. The term wireless communications device is meant to encompass a broad range of cellular and mobile devices such as, for example, smartphones, cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), computing tablets, wireless-enabled laptops, etc.
As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the wireless communications device 100 includes a microprocessor (referred to herein as a “processor”) 110 operatively coupled to memory (Flash Memory 120 and/or RAM 130). The device 100 has a user interface 140 which includes a display (e.g. a LCD screen) 150, a keyboard/keypad 155. A thumbwheel/trackball 160 may optionally be provided as part of the user interface. Alternatively, the user interface 140 may include a touch screen in lieu of a keyboard/keypad. The wireless communications device 100 includes a radiofrequency (RF) transceiver chipset 170 for wirelessly transmitting and receiving data and voice communications, e.g. via a cellular network. The wireless communications may be performed using CDMA, GSM, or any other suitable communications standard or protocol. A microphone 180 and speaker 182 are provided for voice communications.
As further depicted in FIG. 1, the wireless communications device 100 includes a GPS chipset 190 (or other positioning subsystem) to determine the current location of the device. The GPS chipset also determines the current speed of the device by computing the rate of change of position over time. Although the present disclosure refers to expressly to the “Global Positioning System”, it should be understood that this term and its abbreviation “GPS” are being used expansively to include any satellite-based navigation-signal broadcast system, and would therefore include other systems used around the world including the Beidou (COMPASS) system being developed by China, the multi-national-Galileo system being developed by the European Union, in collaboration with China, Israel, India, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and South Korea, Russia's GLONASS system, India's proposed Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS), and Japan's proposed QZSS regional system.
Another sort of positioning subsystem may be used as well, e.g. a radiolocation subsystem that determines its current location using radiolocation techniques, as will be elaborated below. In other words, the location of the device can be determined using triangulation of signals from in-range base towers, such as used for Wireless E911. Wireless Enhanced 911 services enable a cell phone or other wireless device to be located geographically using radiolocation techniques such as (i) angle of arrival (AOA) which entails locating the caller at the point where signals from two towers intersect; (ii) time difference of arrival (TDOA), which uses multilateration like GPS, except that the networks determine the time difference and therefore the distance from each tower; and (iii) location signature, which uses “fingerprinting” to store and recall patterns (such as multipath) which mobile phone signals exhibit at different locations in each cell. Radiolocation techniques may also be used in conjunction with GPS in a hybrid positioning system. References herein to “GPS” are meant to include Assisted GPS and Aided GPS.
Instead of, or in addition to, a positioning subsystem such as, for example, a GPS receiver chipset, the device 100 can have an accelerometer from which the current speed can be obtained (i.e. velocity being the integral of acceleration over time). As will be appreciated, the current speed can be determined in any other manner, including receiving the current speed from another sensor-equipped device or from a speed sensor onboard the vehicle itself (e.g. via Bluetooth® link or via another type of wireless or wired connection).
Some of the main steps of the novel method disclosed herein are depicted in FIG. 2. As depicted in this figure, the novel method of restricting access to e-mail and instant messaging on a wireless communications device entails determining a current speed of the device (step 200). If the current speed of the device is greater than a lower threshold, the device is presumed to be traveling in a motor vehicle. Optionally, an upper threshold may be used as well to determine if the current speed of the device is very high, in which case the device is presumed to be traveling in an airplane. This determination is made at step 210. If the device is presumed to be traveling in a motor vehicle, as shown in step 220, the user is then challenged to respond to a randomly generated visual challenge in order to gain access to one or more applications, e.g. e-mail or instant messaging. To limit access by the user to messaging or other applications that require typing or two-handed operation, the device presents a visual challenge such as a CAPTCHA (step 230) and receives the answer (step 240). If the response received is correct (step 250), then access is granted to messaging (step 260). Otherwise, if access is denied, operations cycle back to step 230 to present a new CAPTCHA or other visual challenge to the user. In one implementation, the device can tolerate a predetermined number of attempts to respond correctly to the visual challenge, after which the device may shut out the user for a predetermined period of time (e.g. 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, or any other suitable duration) as a further lockout measure. It bears emphasizing that the technology may be implemented using only a lower threshold for determining whether the current speeds warrants a visual challenge. As an optional refinement, an upper threshold may also be used to determine whether a visual challenge is to be displayed or not.
This visual challenge is meant to dissuade a driver of the motor vehicle from attempting to respond to the visual challenge while driving. The visual challenge, however, is meant to be easily solved by a passenger who can devote his or her undivided attention to the task of responding to the challenge. The visual challenge may involve identifying a string of warped text, solving a puzzle or riddle, or performing a mathematical operation, to name but a few possibilities.
In one implementation, challenging the user can involve prompting the user to type out the letters of a string of visually distorted text, or prompting the user to type a name of an object displayed in an image onscreen, or prompting the user to type a name of an object that is common to a plurality of images displayed onscreen.
In one implementation, the method operates only when the current speed is between a lower threshold of between 6-10 km/h (e.g. 8 km/h) and an upper threshold of between 200-240 km/h (e.g. 220 km/h). The lower threshold is meant to be the upper speed of walking. The upper threshold is meant to represent the lowest speed of an aircraft. Thus, it is presumed that any speed between these two thresholds means that the device is traveling in a motor vehicle. For pedestrians walking (speed is less than lower threshold) or passengers in an aircraft (speed is above upper threshold), the message-disabling feature on the device is not operational, i.e. the method of restricting access to texting, email or other device functionalities remains dormant.
For addressing the special case of “stop-and-go” traffic conditions, the method may optionally involve determining whether the current speed is below the lower threshold for at least a predetermined period of time, thereby indicating that the motor vehicle has stopped and that the device may again be operated in an unrestricted manner. In other words, if the device's current speed reading falls to zero or below the lower threshold for a predetermined period of time (e.g. more than 2 minutes or 5 minutes) then the device may presume that the vehicle has come to a permanent rest (i.e. the vehicle is parked or at least at a red light). In such a case, the device may enable direct and immediate (unrestricted) access to the messaging functions (texting, e-mailing, etc.). Once the vehicle starts to move again, messaging is disabled again. The predetermined time before (restricted) messaging is re-enabled can be adjusted by the user, system administrator, manufacturer, etc. to enable unrestricted operation of the device and to limit the likelihood that the user will attempt to the use the device when stuck in stop-and-go traffic (where inattention to the vehicle immediately ahead can easily lead to an accident).
The foregoing method steps can be implemented as coded instructions in a computer program product. In other words, the computer program product is a computer-readable medium upon which software code is recorded to perform the foregoing steps when the computer program product is loaded into memory and executed on the microprocessor of the wireless communications device.
FIG. 3 presents an example of a CAPTCHA as one effective type of visual challenge that can be used to limit access to messaging while the device is moving at a certain velocity. As depicted by way of example in FIG. 3, the device presents onscreen a CAPTCHA challenging the device user to attempt to recognize the alphanumeric characters constituting a string of visually distorted text. The CAPTCHA can be generated randomly so that users will not be able to learn or remember patterns seen previously. The generation of the CAPTCHA and the process of receiving and comparing the user's answer to the correct answer can be controlled using a CAPTCHA challenge controller, an application executing on the device.
As presented in the specific example depicted in FIG. 3, the device 100 displays a string of characters that are visually warped (distorted). The user of the device must recognize the characters and then enter the text into a prompt. The CAPTCHA can be any string of letters, numbers or special symbols. In the specific example presented in FIG. 3, the visually distorted letters A E L W i D are displayed. Assuming the user correctly recognizes and types in these letters in the prompt, the device will grant access to the messaging function on the assumption that the user is a passenger in the vehicle. If the user does not respond, the CAPTCHA may time out. If the user responds incorrectly, the device does not grant access to the messaging function. The device optionally may present a new CAPTCHA if an incorrect answer is provided.
Whatever the precise nature of the visual challenge, its purpose, once displayed onscreen on a wireless communications device, is to inhibit impulsive or frivolous usage of texting, e-mailing or any other applications providing device functionalities that require typing or two-handed manipulation. For example, the device may disable or inhibit usage of all device functions (web browsing, calendar, games, etc.) except voice communications. This novel technology (challenging the user of the device to responds correctly to a visual challenge) may also be used to restrict usage of voice communications, if desired. This may be useful in jurisdictions where it is illegal to speak on a cell phone while operating a motor vehicle.
The challenge-response test can be cryptographic (e.g. a password) or non-cryptographic (e.g. a CAPTCHA that requires the user to read a visually distorted word or text.) The CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart) is believed to provide a sufficient obstacle or barrier to a user operating a motor vehicle that he or she will not be tempted to try to read the visually distorted text and type out the word in the onscreen prompt. In lieu of visually distorted or warped text, the CAPTCHA may be require the user to recognize an image. For example, the CAPTCHA may be a picture of a dog, a cat or a bird with the question “What type of animal is this?”. To gain access to e-mail or instant messaging, or to enable the messaging function, the user must type in the answer (“dog”, “cat”, “bird”, etc.). The CAPTCHA may also require the user to identify an object that is common to a set of images. For example, the images may be various photos, each of which contains a dog. The CAPTCHA queries the user to enter the common object found in each of the images. To gain access to e-mail or to enable the messaging function, the user must type in the correct answer “dog” at the onscreen prompt provided. As will be appreciated, the CAPTCHA can present any number of different challenges to the user that requires sufficient attention to effectively dissuade the user from attempting to gain access to the messaging function. For a passenger traveling in a motor vehicle (e.g. car, bus, train, boat, etc.), the challenge-response test is easily met by recognizing the visually warped text and then by entering the text at the onscreen prompt.
FIG. 4 shows an example of a visual challenge that involves having to recognize an object. In this particular example, the image of a dog 310 is presented onscreen. The user must identify that the object (i.e. the dog) and type in the common word for the object (“dog”) in the prompt. The CAPTCHA challenge controller can be configured to randomly generate one of a text-based, number-based or image-based CAPTCHA in order to further augment the difficulty of responding.
The challenge can take other forms as well. For example, the challenge can be to respond to one or more mathematical questions (or to perform a series of mathematical operations as found in “skill-testing questions”). In other words, challenging can involve prompting the user to type a numerical value as an answer to one or more mathematical questions (for example, standard math-based “skill-testing questions” such as “25÷5×3−14+9?”). The use of a mathematical question 320 as a challenge is depicted by way of example in FIG. 5.
In one implementation, a difficulty level of the randomly generated visual challenge is proportional to the current speed. For example, where the challenge is a CAPTCHA, the amount of textual distortion (character warping) and the spacing between characters can be increased to thereby augment the difficulty level. Thus, when the device travels faster, it is presumed that the risk of serious injury from inadvertent usage of the device increases and thus the barrier to access can be increased.
In another implementation, a difficulty level of the randomly generated visual challenge is based on a current location of the device. The current location of the device may be proportional, indicative or related to the degree of risk associated with usage of the device. For example, if the current location is correlated with information stored in a geographical information system (GIS) database then it becomes possible to determine (based on the current location) if the device is currently in an area or on a roadway that merits a heightened degree of caution. For example, if the device recognizes that its current location corresponds to an urban freeway or highway, a downtown boulevard, or a street in a school zone, then the degree of complexity of the visual challenge can be increased to make it even more difficult to access the messaging functions on the device. Similarly, if the current location is in a zone or on a roadway with historically high traffic congestion (or a historically high accident rate), then the visual challenge can be made proportionately more difficult. As a further variant, the time of day and day of the week can be used either alone in conjunction with the current location to vary the difficulty level or complexity of the visual challenge (or the number of sequential visual challenges that must be solved to access or re-enable the messaging functions). For example, if the time of day and the day of the week correspond to rush hour, and the current location corresponds to a downtown boulevard, then the device may increase the difficulty level of the visual challenge to ensure that the driver cannot easily defeat the challenge.
FIG. 6 shows schematically how various areas or zones through which the user and his device may be traveling may be considered high-risk zones where extra vigilance is warranted. For example, as shown in the map presented by way of example in FIG. 6, the car icon 400 can be used to represent the current location of the device. If the device (as represented by the car icon) approaches the railway crossing 402 (a potentially dangerous location), the complexity or difficulty level of the visual challenge can be augmented. Similarly, if the device approaches the school 404, the difficulty level can be increased. Likewise, again by way of example, if the device enters the freeway, the difficulty level can be adjusted. The difficulty level for each of these high-risk zones can be further modulated by taking into account the time of day and the day of the week. Thus, for example, the risks associated with the railway crossing may only exist at times for which the train is scheduled to be passing through the area. Likewise, if the vigilance warranted by the school zone may only be necessary during weekdays either in the morning or in the afternoon. Likewise, the freeway may only be considered high risk during rush hour. This illustrates how both time and location can be used to vary the complexity of the CAPTCHA or other visual challenge. The difficulty level can also be augmented by requiring correct responses to multiple sequential CAPTCHAS or other visual challenges.
A second main aspect of this novel technology is an innovative technique for differentiating a driver of a motor vehicle from a passenger. In general, the mobile device can infer whether the present user is a driver or a passenger based on the user input received by the user input device. The mobile device notionally divides the user input device (keyboard, keypad, touchscreen, etc.) into two sides or zones. These two sides or zones may be equal halves but this is not necessarily so.
If there is concurrent (two-handed) user input on both sides of the notional dividing line, the device will conclude that the user is a passenger because only a passenger could have provided two-handed input. If the device infers that the input is from a passenger, access is granted. If, on the other hand, the device detects that the input is not two-handed input, the device will infer that this input was from a driver. Accordingly, the device will deny access.
The requested user input is designed ergonomically to be input that is only physically possible by a person who has two free hands to operate the device. If the user cannot provide this concurrent spaced-apart (two-handed) input, the device concludes that the user is a driver and thus denies access to e-mail, instant messaging or other such restricted applications.
For example, consider the wireless communications device 100 depicted in FIG. 7. This wireless communications device has a keyboard which is notionally divided into two halves (or zones) 500, 510 by the notional dividing line 510 represented by the dashed line in this figure. In one implementation, as depicted in FIG. 8, the wireless communications device presents the user with two random letters, one from the left side and one from the right side. The user must simultaneously press the two keys corresponding to the displayed letters. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the device may display a request 514 challenging the user to simultaneously press both the Q key 516 and the P key 518. If the user succeeds in pressing both keys 516, 518 simultaneously, the device infers that the user has two hands free and is thus a passenger. On receiving two-handed input, the device thus grants access to the restricted application. If, on the other hand, the user fails to press both keys simultaneously, the device infers that the user has only one free hand and thus denies access on the grounds that the user may be driving with the other hand.
In one implementation, this task (challenge) must be performed successfully multiple times, e.g. from 2 to 3 times. Only if two-handed user input is received in response to successive challenges does the device grant access to the restricted application. The number of tasks/challenges may be varied with the speed of the device, e.g. to make it extra difficult to gain access when traveling at higher speeds.
In one implementation, the device allots only a limited amount of time to perform each task, e.g. 2 to 5 seconds. In one specific implementation, if the user fails to provide the requested two-handed user input within the allotted time to each of the successive requests for two-handed input, the device denies access. In this specific implementation, access is granted only if the user responds correctly within the allotted time by providing the requested two-handed user input. In a variant, the device may grant access where two-handed input is provided correctly in response to a majority of the challenges. For example, if two correct responses are received for three requests, the device may grant access in this variant.
In another variant, the time for each response may be varied randomly.
In another variant, the time for each response may be varied as a function of the speed of the device or other factors, e.g. weather, traffic, time of day. Weather and traffic data for the current location may be provided wirelessly to the device using known techniques. Time of day may be determined from the device's clock. Thus, for example, if the device is traveling through a snow storm in heavy traffic at night, the device may make it even more difficult to gain access.
The difficulty can be modulated (varied) to provide the desired balance for both drivers and passengers, i.e. the difficulty of the task(s) must be sufficiently challenging as to prevent or at least substantially inhibit drivers from being able to defeat the system but not too laborious that it unduly frustrates passengers.
The difficulty (number of tasks, time to perform the tasks, awkwardness of the spacing of the letters, etc.) can be adjusted by configuring settings in an options screen.
FIG. 9 presents a similar implementation for a touchscreen device 100. In this implementation, the touchscreen is notionally divided into two halves 600, 610 by a notional dividing line 612. As depicted by way of example in FIG. 10, the touchscreen device 100 may require that certain images or icons 614, 616 be touched simultaneously on both sides of the dividing line 612. A request or challenge for two-handed user input may be presented textually onscreen, instructing the user what he or she must do to gain access to the device. The images/icons are displayed at random locations onscreen in respective locations that are impossible (or at least very difficult) to touch concurrently unless the user has two free hands and full concentration. In a variant, the images/icons 614, 616 may be moving (“floating around”) onscreen to further complicate the task of touching them simultaneously unless the user is devoting his or her complete attention to the task. In other variants, the icons may be made to randomly appear and disappear. In other variants, the challenge may involve touching icons of a specified colour or having a certain indicia, which may also be made to change or morph. Any number of visual challenges may be employed to control access to the user who is not devoting his or her full attention to the task.
The foregoing may be summarized with regard to the flowchart depicted in FIG. 11. Steps 200, 210, 220 and 260 are identical to the steps depicted in the flowchart of FIG. 2. In other words, the device determines its speed (step 200) and then determines if the speed is greater than a predetermined threshold (step 210), i.e. a lower threshold. If so, at step 220, the device is presumed to be traveling in a motor vehicle. At this point in the method flow, the device requests two-handed user input on two different sides of the user input device (at step 270) rather than presenting a CAPTCHA or other visual challenge (as was done in the method of FIG. 2). At step 280, the device receives user input in response to the request or challenge. The device analyzes the user input at step 290 to determine if the user input is two-handed input. If the user input is concurrently on both sides of the user input device (e.g. if the user presses the requested keys at the same time and within the prescribed timeframe), the device will grant access to e-mail, messaging or other such application (step 260). If the device infers from the input that it is not two-handed input, then the device will continue to deny access.
From the foregoing description of this second main aspect of the technology, it should be apparent that the challenge may be presented to the user either visually onscreen or audibly. For example, instead of displaying text onscreen instructing the user to simultaneously press keys Q and P, as was depicted in FIG. 8, these instructions may be spoken audibly through a text-to-speech module and speaker on the mobile device.
A challenge requiring the user to employ two hands to touch two widely spaced-apart keys (or to touch two widely spaced-apart icons on a touchscreen) can be termed, for the purposes of this specification, a request for two-handed user input, an “ergonomic challenge” or a “physical challenge” (in contradistinction to a purely visual challenge such as a CAPTCHA where the difficulty is not ergonomic/physical but rather lies in discerning something visually that is not readily apparent at a glance).
In a further implementation, the device may employ a combination of both visual challenges and ergonomic (two-handed) challenges to control access to e-mail, texting and the like. Varying the nature of the challenge minimizes the likelihood that a clever user will over time develop tricks for circumventing the repeated challenge.
In yet a further implementation, the device may employ a hybrid ergonomic-visual challenge. For example, abbreviated CAPTCHA may present two warped letters which must be pressed simultaneously to gain access to one or more applications. This hybrid challenge requires that the user study the warped letters to discern what they are (the visual component of the challenge), and then to press these two letters at the same time on the keypad of the device (the two-handed input).
This new technology has been described in terms of specific implementations and configurations (and variants thereof) which are intended to be exemplary only. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, having read this disclosure, that there are many obvious modifications, refinements and variations that may be made without departing from the inventive concept(s) presented herein. The scope of the exclusive right sought by the applicant is therefore intended to be limited solely by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method of restricting access to one or more applications on a handheld wireless communications device, the method comprising:
determining a current speed of the handheld wireless communications device;
where the current speed of the handheld wireless communications device is greater than a lower threshold
requesting two-handed user input on a user input device of the handheld wireless communications device; and
restricting access to at least one application on the handheld wireless communications device until the two-handed user input is received.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the two-handed user input comprises simultaneously pressing a first key and a second key, wherein the first key is randomly selected from a first side of the user input device and wherein the second key is randomly selected from a second side of the user input device.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the two-handed user input comprises simultaneously touching a first image and a second image that are both displayed on a touchscreen, wherein the first image is displayed at a first randomly selected located on a first side of the touchscreen and wherein the second image is displayed at a second randomly selected location on a second side of the touchscreen.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the two-handed user input is requested only when the current speed is less than an upper threshold.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the lower threshold is 6-10 km/h and the upper threshold is 200-240 km/h.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining the current speed of the device comprises determining whether the current speed is below the lower threshold for at least a predetermined period of time.

7. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code which, when loaded into memory and executed on a processor of a handheld wireless communications device, is adapted to restrict access to one or more applications by:
determining a current speed of the handheld wireless communications device;
where the current speed of the handheld wireless communications device is greater than a lower threshold
requesting two-handed user input on a user input device of the handheld wireless communications device; and
restricting access to at least one application on the handheld wireless communications device until the two-handed user input is received.

8. The computer readable medium as claimed in claim 7 wherein the two-handed user input comprises simultaneously pressing a first key and a second key, wherein the first key is randomly selected from a first side of the user input device and wherein the second key is randomly selected from a second side of the user input device.

9. The computer readable medium as claimed in claim 7 wherein the two-handed user input comprises simultaneously touching a first image and a second image that are both displayed on a touchscreen, wherein the first image is displayed at a first randomly selected located on a first side of the touchscreen and wherein the second image is displayed at a second randomly selected location on a second side of the touchscreen.

10. A handheld wireless communications device comprising:
a radiofrequency transceiver for transmitting and receiving text-based communications;
a positioning subsystem for determining a current speed of the handheld wireless communications device; and
a processor operatively coupled to a memory and to the positioning subsystem for receiving the current speed from the positioning subsystem and for determining whether the current speed is greater than a first predetermined threshold, the processor and memory being further configured to, where the current speed is greater than a lower threshold, request two-handed user input on a user input device of the handheld wireless communications device and restrict access to at least one application on the handheld wireless communications device until the two-handed user input is received.

11. The device as claimed in claim 10 wherein the two-handed user input comprises simultaneously pressing a first key and a second key, wherein the first key is randomly selected from a first side of the user input device and wherein the second key is randomly selected from a second side of the user input device.

12. The device as claimed in claim 10 wherein the two-handed user input comprises simultaneously touching a first image and a second image that are both displayed on a touchscreen, wherein the first image is displayed at a first randomly selected located on a first side of the touchscreen and wherein the second image is displayed at a second randomly selected location on a second side of the touchscreen.

13. The device as claimed in claim 10 wherein the processor determines whether the current speed is below the lower threshold for at least a predetermined period of time.

14. The device as claimed in claim 10 wherein requesting two-handed user input is performed multiple times before access is granted.

15. The device as claimed in claim 14 wherein a time allotted for responding to each successive request for two-handed user input is randomly varied.

16. The device as claimed in claim 15 wherein a number of requests for two-handed input is varied as a function of the current speed.

17. The device as claimed in claim 15 wherein the time allotted for each successive request is varied as a function of the current speed.

18. The device as claimed in claim 10 wherein the positioning subsystem is a Global Positioning Subsystem (GPS) receiver.

19. The device as claimed in claim 10 wherein the processor and memory are configured to only request two-handed user input when the current speed is less than an upper threshold.

20. The device as claimed in claim 19 wherein the lower threshold is set between 6 and 10 km/h and the upper threshold is set between 200 and 240 km/h.