CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 

Substanee Name: Iron lithium phosphate 

EC Nu nber: 476-700-9 

CAS Number: 

CAS Number: 15365-14-7 

Registrant's Identity: SUD-CHEMIE AG 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Table of Contents 

PartA ......................................................................................................................................................................1 

1. SUMMARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ................................................................................1 

2. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE IMPLEMENTED ............................1 

3. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE COMMUNICATED ........................1 

PartB ......................................................................................................................................................................2 

1. IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .........................2 

1.1. Name and other identifiers of the substance ............................................................................................2 

1.2. Composition of the substance ..................................................................................................................2 

1.3. Physico-chemical properties ....................................................................................................................3 

2. MANUFACTURE AND USES ......................................................................................................................4 

2.1. Manufacture .............................................................................................................................................4 

2.2. Identified uses ..........................................................................................................................................5 

2.3. Uses advised against ................................................................................................................................5 

3. CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING .......................................................................................................5 

3.1. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS ..............................................................................5 

3.2. Classification and labelling according to DSD / DPD .............................................................................7 

3.2.1. Classification and labelling in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC ....................................................7 

3.2.2. Self classification(s) ..........................................................................................................................8 

3.2.3. Other classification(s) .......................................................................................................................9 

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROPERTIES ...................................................................................................9 

4.1. Degradation ..............................................................................................................................................9 

4.1.1. Abiotic degradation ...........................................................................................................................9 

4.1.1.1. Hydrolysis ......................................:...........................................................................................9 

4.1.1.2. Phototi•ansformation/photolysis .................................................................................................9 

4.1.1.2.1. Phototransformation in air ...................................................................................................9 

4.1.1.2.2. Phototransformation in water ..............................................................................................9 

4.1.1.2.3. Phototransformation in soi1 .................................................................................................9 

4.1.2. Biodegradation ................................................................................................................................ 10 

4.1.2.1. Biodegradation in water ........................................................................................................... 10 

4.1.2.1.1. Estimated data ................................................................................................................... 10 

4.1.2.1.2. Screening tests .................................................................................................................. 10 

4.1.2.1.3. Simulation tests (water and sediments) ............................................................................. 10 

4.1.2.1.4. Summary and discussion of biodegradation in water and sediment .................................. 10 

4.1.2.2. Biodegradation in soil .............................................................................................................. 10 

4.1.3. Summary and discussion of degradation ......................................................................................... 10 

4.2. Environmental distribution .................................................................................................................... 11 

4.2.1. Adsorption/desorption ..................................................................................................................... 11 

4.2.2. Volatilisation ................................................................................................................................... ll 

4.2.3. Distribution modelling .................................................................................................................... 11 

4.2.4. Summary and discussion of envii•onmental distribution ................................................................. 11 

4.3. Bioaccumulation .................................................................................................................................... 11 

4.3.1. Aquatic bioaccumulation ................................................................................................................ 11 

4.3.2. Terrestrial bioaccumulation ............................................................................................................11 

4.3.3. Summary and discussion of bioaccumulation .................................................................................12 

4.4. Secondary poisoning ..............................................................................................................................12 

5. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT ..........................................................................................12 

5.1. Toxicokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination) .................................................12 

5.1.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................. 12 

5.1.2. Human information ......................................................................................................................... 12 

5.1.3. Summary and discussion of toxicokinetics ..................................................................................... 12 

5.2. Acute toxicity .............................................:........................................................................................... 13 

5.2.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................. 13 

5.2.1.1. Acute toxicity: oral .................................................................................................................. 13 

5.2.1.2. Acute toxicity: inhalation ......................................................................................................... 13 

5.2.1.3. Acute toxicity: dermal .............................................................................................................. 13 

5.2.1.4. Acute toxicity: other routes ...................................................................................................... 14 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT ii 
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EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

5.2.2. Human information ......................................................................................................................... 14 

5.2.3. Summary and discussion of acute toxicity ...................................................................................... 14 

5.3. IiTitation ................................................................................................................................................. 14 

5.3.1. Skin .................................................................................................................................................14 

5.3.1.1. Non-human information ........................................................................................................... 14 

5.3.1.2. Human information .................................................................................................................. 15 

5.3.2. Eye ..................................................................................................................................................15 

5.3.2.1. Non-human information ........................................................................................................... 15 

5.3.2.2. Human information .................................................................................................................. 15 

5.3.3. Respiratory tract .............................................................................................................................. 16 

5.3.3.1. Non-human information ........................................................................................................... 16 

5.3.3.2. Human information .................................................................................................................. 16 

5.3.4. Summary and discussion of ii-ritation .............................................................................................16 

5.4. Corrosivity ............................................................................................................................................. 16 

5.4.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................. 16 

5.4.2. Human information ......................................................................................................................... 16 

5.4.3. Summary and discussion of corrosion ............................................................................................ 16 

5.5. Sensitisation ........................................................................................................................................... 16 

5.5.1. Skin .................................................................................................................................................16 

5.5.1.1. Non-human information ........................................................................................................... 16 

5.5.1.2. Human information .................................................................................................................. 17 

5.5.2. Respiratory system .......................................................................................................................... 17 

5.5.2.1. Non-human information ........................................................................................................... 17 

5.5.2.2. Human information .................................................................................................................. 17 

5.5.3. Summary and discussion of sensitisation ........................................................................................ 17 

5.6. Repeated dose toxicity ...........................................................................................................................17 

5.6.1. Non-human information ..................................................................................................................17 

5.6.1.1. Repeated dose toxicity: oral ..................................................................................................... 17 

5.6.1.2. Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation ........................................................................................... 17 

5.6.1.3. Repeated dose toxicity: dermal ................................................................................................ 18 

5.6.1.4. Repeated dose toxicity: other routes ........................................................................................ 18 

5.6.2. Human information ......................................................................................................................... 18 

5.6.3. Summary and discussion of repeated dose toxicity ........................................................................ 19 

5.7. Mutagenicity .......................................................................................................................................... 19 

5.7.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................. 19 

5.7.1.1. In vitro data .............................................................................................................................. 19 

5.7.1.2. In vivo data .............................................................................................................................. 21 

5.7.2. Human information .........................................................................................................................21 

5.7.3. Summar•y and discussion of mutagenicity ....................................................................................... 21 

5.8. Carcinogenicity ......................................................................................................................................21 

5.8.1. Non-human information ..................................................................................................................21 

5.8.1.1. Carcinogenicity: oral ................................................................................................................21 

5.8.1.2. Carcinogenicity: inhalation ......................................................................................................21 

5.8.1.3. Carcinogenicity: dermal ...........................................................................................................21 

5.8.1.4. Carcinogenicity: other routes ................................................................................................... 21 

5.8.2. Human information .........................................................................................................................21 

5.8.3. Summary and discussion of carcinogenicity ................................................................................... 21 

5.9. Toxicity for reproduction .......................................................................................................................21 

5.9.1. Effects on fertility ...........................................................................................................................22 

5.9.1.1. Non-human information ...........................................................................................................22 

5.9.1.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................23 

5.9.2. Developmental toxicity ...................................................................................................................23 

5.9.2.1. Non-human information ...........................................................................................................23 

5.9.2.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................23 

5.9.3. Summary and discussion of reproductive toxicity .......................................................................... 23 

5.10. Other effects ......................................................................................................................................... 23 

5.10.1. Non-human information ................................................................................................................23 

5.10.1.1. Neurotoxicity ......................................................................................................................... 24 

5.10.1.2. I mmunotox icity ...................................................................................................................... 24 

5.10.1.3. Specific investigations: other studies ..................................................................................... 24 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT iii 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

5.10.2. Human information .......................................................................................................................24 

5.10.3. Summary and discussion of specific investigations ......................................................................24 

5.11. Derivation of DNEL(s) / DMEL(s) ...................................................................................................... 24 

5.1 l.l. Overview of typical dose descriptor•s for all endpoints .................................................................24 

5.11.2. Selection ofthe critical DNEL(s)/DMEL(s) and/or qualitative/semi-quantitative descriptor for 

criticalhealth effects .................................................................................................................................27 

6. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ....................33 

6.1. Explosivity .............................................................................................................................................33 

6.2. Flammability ..........................................................................................................................................34 

6.3. Oxidising potential ................................................................................................................................. 35 

7. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................36 

7.1. Aquatic compartment (including sediment) ...........................................................................................36 

7.1.1. Toxicity test results ......................................................................................................................... 36 

7.1.1.1. Fish ...........................................................................................................................................36 

7.1.1.1.1. Short-term toxicity to fish ................................................................................................. 36 

7.1.1.1.2. Long-term toxicity to fish ................................................................................................. 36 

7.1.1.2. Aquatic invertebrates ............................................................................................................... 37 

7.1.1.2.1. Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates ...................................................................... 37 

7.1.1.2.2. Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates ...................................................................... 37 

7.1.1.3. Algae and aquatic plants .......................................................................................................... 37 

7.1.1.4. Sediment organisms .................................................................................................................38 

7.1.1.5. Other aquatic organisms ...........................................................................................................38 

7.1.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) ............................................................ 38 

7.1.2.1. PNEC water ............................................................................................................................. 38 

7.1.2.2. PNEC sediment ........................................................................................................................38 

7.2. Tei-restrial compartment .........................................................................................................................38 

7.2.1. Toxicity test results .........................................................................................................................38 

7.2.1.1. Toxicity to soil macro-organisms ............................................................................................. 39 

7.2.1.2. Toxicity to terrestrial plants ..................................................................................................... 39 

7.2.1.3. Toxicity to soil micro-organisms ............................................................................................. 39 

7.2.1.4. Toxicity to other terrestrial organisms ..................................................................................... 39 

7.2.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC soil) .....................................................40 

7.3. Atmospheric compartment .....................................................................................................................40 

7.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems .......................................................................... 40 

7.4.1. Toxicity to aquatic micro-organisms ..............................................................................................40 

7.4.2. PNEC for sewage treatment plant ...................................................................................................40 

7.5. Non compartment specific effects relevant for the food chain (secondary poisoning) ..........................40 

7.5.1. Toxicity to birds ..............................................................................................................................41 

7.5.2. Toxicity to mammals ...................................................................................................................... 41 

7.5.3. Calculation of PNECoral (secondary poisoning) ............................................................................41 

7.6. Conclusion on the environmental hazard assessment and on classification and labelling .....................41 

8. PBT AND VPVB ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................................................41 

8.1. Assessment of PBT/vPvB Pr•operties .....................................................................................................41 

8.1. l. Summary and overall conclusions on PBT or vPvB properties ...................................................... 41 

8.1.2. PBT/vPvB criteria and justification ................................................................................................41 

8.2. Emission Characterisation .....................................................................................................................42 

9 . EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................42 

9.1. (Title of Exposure scenario 1) ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 

9.1.1. Exposm•e scenario ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned. 

9.1.2. Exposure estimation ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 

9.2. (Title of Exposure scenario 2) ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not deBned. 

9.2.1. Exposure scenario ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned. 

9.2.2. Exposure estimation ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not detined. 

10. RISK CHARACTERISATION ..................................................................................................................42 

10.1. (Title of exposure scenario 1) .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 

10.1.1. Human health ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not deBned. 

10.1.1.1. Workers .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not def ned. 

10.1.1.2. Consumers ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not deBned. 

10.1.1.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment ................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 

10.1.2. Environment .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT iv 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

10.1.2.1. Aquatic compartment (incl. sediment) ................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned. 

10.1.2.2. Terrestrial compartment ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned. 

10.1.2.3. Atmospheric compartment ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 

10.1.2.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems........... Error! Bookmark not defined. 

10.2. (Title of exposure scenario 2) .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 

10.3. Overall exposure (combined for all relevant emission/release sources) ............. Error! Bookmark not 

deBned. 

10.3.1. Human health (combined for all exposure routes) ........................ Ei•ror! Bookmark not defined. 

10.3.2. Environment (combined for all emission sources) ........................ Er-ror! Bookmark not defined. 

REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................................43 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

List of Tables 

Tablel. Substance identity .....................................................................................................................................2 

Table2. Constituents .............................................................................................................................................. 3 

Table3. Impurities ..................................................................................................................................................3 

Table 4. Overview of physico-chemical properties ................................................................................................ 3 

Table 5. Ovei•view of quantities (in tonnes/year) ....................................................................................................4 

Table 6. Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC criteria .......................................................................8 

Table 7. Overview of studies on adsoi-ption/desorption ........................................................................................ 11 

Table 8. Overview of experimental studies on absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination ................. 12 

Table 9. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after oral administration ........................................13 

Table 10. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after inhalation exposure ..................................... 13 

Table 11. Overview of experimental studies on skin irritation ............................................................................. 14 

Table 12. Overview of experimental studies on eye irritation ..............................................................................15 

Table 13. Overview of experimental studies on skin sensitisation .......................................................................16 

Table 14. Overview of experimental studies on repeated dose toxicity after oral administration ........................17 

Table 15. Overview of experimental in vitro genotoxicity studies .......................................................................19 

Table 16. Overview of experimental studies on fertility ..................................................................................... 22 

Table 17. Available dose-descriptor(s) per endpoint for the submission substance as a result of its hazard 

assessment............................................................................................................................................................25 

Table 18. DN(M)ELs for workers ........................................................................................................................28 

Table 19. DN(M)ELs for the general population .................................................................................................. 31 

Table 20. Overview of information on explosivity ...............................................................................................33 

Table 21. Overview of information on flammability ............................................................................................34 

Table 22. Overview of information on oxidising potential ................................................................................... 35 

Table 23. Overview of short-term effects on fish ................................................................................................. 36 

Table 24. Overview of shoi-t-term effects on aquatic invertebrates ...................................................................... 37 

Table 25. Overview of effects on algae and aquatic plants ................................................................................... 37 

Table26. PNEC water .......................................................................................................................................... 38 

Table27. PNEC sediment ..................................................................................................................................... 38 

Table28. PNEC soil .............................................................................................................................................40 

Table 29. Overview of effects on micro-organisms ..............................................................................................40 

Table 30. PNEC sewage treatment plant ..............................................................................................................40 

Table31. PNEC ora1 .............................................................................................................................................41 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT vi 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Part A 

1. SUMMARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES 

The substance is not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of the Directive 67/548/EEC or the CLP 

Regulation 1272/2008/EC. Specific Risk Management Measures are therefore not required. Nevertheless, the 

exposure of workers during and after normal operations should be minimized by the use of good industrial 

hygiene practice, the general measures necessary for safety and health protection of workers (article 6 of 

Directive 89/391/EC) and the reduce-to-a-miniumum principle (article 6 of Chemical Agents Directive 

98/24/EC). 

2. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT 

MEASURES ARE IMPLEMENTED 

The substance is not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of the Directive 67/548/EEC or the CLP 

Regulation 1272/2008/EC and therefore the specific Risk Management Measures are not required. 

3. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT 

MEASURES ARE COMMUNICATED 

The substance is not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of the Directive 67/548/EEC or the CLP 

Regulation 1272/2008/EC and therefore the specific Risk Management Measures are not required. Guidance on 

safe use is communicated to downstream users by means of the safety data sheet. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

1. IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL 

AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 

1.1. Name and other identifiers of the substance 

The substance Iron lithium phosphate is a mono constituent substance (origin: inorganic) having the following 

characteristics and physical—chemical properties (see the IUCLID dataset for further details). 

The following public name is used: LiFePO4. 

Table 1. Substance identity 

EC number: 476-700-9 

CAS number: 15365-14-7 

CAS name: Phosphoric acid, iron(2+) lithium salt (1:1:1) 

IUPAC name: IS•on lithium phosphate 

Molecular formula: Hill formula: LiFePO4 

CAS formula: LiFePO4 

Molecular weight range: 1 57.0 

Structural formula: 

N 

Fe + 0 

1.2. Composition of the substance 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 2 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Name: 476-700-9 

Description: View of the authority with regard to the publication of the trade name / IUPAC name - Not 

classified substances: C. The trade name only for an indefrnite period for reasons of commercial secrecy (nondangerous substances) ELINCS chemical name: EEC num... 

Degree of purity: >= 90.0 —< 100.0 %(w/w) 

Table 2. Constituents 

Constituent Typical concentration Concentration range Remarks 

Iron lithium phosphate 93.0 %(w/w) >= 90.0 —< 100.0 % 

(w/w) 

EC no.: 476-700-9 

Table 3. Impurities 

Impurity Typical concentration Concentration range Remarks 

Phosphoric acid, trilithium 7.0 %(w/w) 0.0 —< 10.0 %(w/w) 

salt 

EC no.: 233-823-0 

1.3. Physico-chemical properties 

Table 4. Overview of physico-chemical properties 

Property Results Value used for CSA / Discussion 

Physical state at solid 

20°C and 1013 hPa 

Form: 

powdery with lumps 

Colour: grau (grey) 

Data waivintz 

Information requirement: Surface tension 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: As the water solubilty of the substance is below 1 mg/L at 20 °C, the test does not need to be 

conducted. 

Information requir•ement: Flash point 

Reason: study technically not feasible 

Justification: The flash point study applies only to liquid substances. The flash point cannot be determined 

of solid substances. 

Information requirement: Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 3 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Justification: The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic. 

Information requirement: Dissociation constant 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: Dissociation constant is not relevant for the substance an sich. The ionisable component of 

importance for dissociation is PO4(3-). 

pKa values for phosphoric acid are 2.15, 7.2 and 12.35 

Information requirement: Viscosity 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justificatioii: The substance is a powder. Viscosity is not applicable on solids. 

~ r ~ • ~ 

Quantities 
3. CLASSIFICATI®N AND LABELLING 

3.1. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS 

Name• LiFePO4 

Implementation: EU 

State/form of the substance: powder 

Classification 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

The substance is classified as follows: 

• for physical-chemical properties: 

Explosives: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Flammable gases: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Flammable aerosols: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Oxidising gases: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Gases under Reason for no classification: data lacking 

pressure: 

Flammable liquids: Reason for no classification: data lacking 

Flammable solids: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Self-reacting Reason for no classification: data lacking 

substances and 

mixtures: 

Pyrophoric liquids: Reason for no classification: data lacking 

Pyrophoric solids: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Self-heating Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

substances and 

mixtures: 

Substances and Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

mixtures which in 

contact with water 

emits flammable 

gases: 

Oxidising liquids: Reason for no classification: data lacking 

Oxidising solids: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Organic peroxides: Reason for no classification: data lacking 

Corrosive to metals: Reason for no classification: data lacking 

• for health hazards: 

Acute toxicity - oral: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Acute toxicity - Reason for no classification: data lacking 

dermal: 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 6 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Acute toxicity - Reason for no classification: conclusive but not suf$cient for classification 

inhalation: 

Skin Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

corrosion/irritation: 

Serious damage/eye Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

ii-ritation: 

Respiration Reason for no classification: data lacking 

sensitization: 

Skin sensitation: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Aspiration hazard: Reason for no classification: data lacking 

Reproductive Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Toxicity: 

Reproductive Reason for no classification: data lacking 

Toxicity: Effects on 

or via lactation: 

Germ ce11 Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for ciassification 

mutagenicity: 

Carcinogenicity: Reason for no classification: data lacking 

Specific target organ Reason for no classification: data lacking 

toxicity - single: 

Specific target organ Reason for no classification: data lacking 

toxicity - repeated: 

• for environmental hazards 

Hazards to the Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

aquatic environment: 

Hazardous to the Reason for no classification: data lacking 

atmospheric 

environment: 

Labelling 

Signal word: No signal word 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

3.2. Classification and labelling according to DSD / DPD 

3.2.1. Classification and labelling in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

3.2.2. Self classification(s) 

Chemical name: LiFePO4 

Remarks: The substance was not classified based on the final Lead Competent Autority proposal NONS 

Table 6. Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC criteria 

Endpoints Classification Reason for no Justification for 

classification (non) classification 

can be found in 

section 

Explosiveness conclusive but not 6.1 

sufficient for 

classification 

Oxidising properties conclusive but not 6.3 

sufficient for 

classification 

Flammability conclusive but not 6.2 

sufficient for 

classification 

Thei-mal stability data lacking 

Acute toxicity conclusive but not 5.2 

sufficient for 

classification 

Acute toxicity- irreversible conclusive but not 5.2 

damage after single sufficient for 

exposure classification 

Repeated dose toxicity conclusive but not 5.6 

sufficient for 

classification 

Irritation / Corrosion conclusive but not 5.3.4 and 5.4.3 

sufficient for 

classification 

Sensitisation conclusive but not 5.5.3 

sufficient for 

classification 

Carcinogenicity data lacking 5.8.3 

Mutagenicity - Genetic conclusive but not 5.7.3 

Toxicity sufficient for 

classification 

Toxicity to reproduction- conclusive but not 5.9.3 

fertility sufficient for 

classification 

Toxicity to reproduction- conclusive but not 5.9.3 

development sufficient for 

classification 

Toxicity to reproduction - data lacking 5.9.3 

breastfed babies 

Environment conclusive but not 7.6 

sufficient for 

classification 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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3.2.3. Other classification(s) 

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROPERTIES 

General discussion of environmental fate and pathways: 

Hydrolysis: 

The study is scientifically unjustified based on the nature of the substance (an inorganic salt with a very low 

solubility in water (< 1 mg/L) 

Biodegradation: 

The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic. 

Adsorption/desorption: 

The log Koc of the test substance was calculated to be > 0.56 based on the value of logPow. 

This value however is not considered to be of relevance because the ""substance as such"" is not considered to 

adsorb. 

4.1. Degradation 

4.1.1. Abiotic degradation 

4.1.1.1. Hydrolysis 

Data waiving 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: The study is scientifically unjustified based on the nature of the substance (an inorganic salt with 

a very low solubility in water (< 1 mg/L)) 

4.1.1.2. Phototransformation/photolysis 

4.1.1.2.1. Phototransformation in air 

Not available 

4.1.1.2.2. Phototransformation in water 

Not available 

4.1.1.2.3. Phototransformation in soil 

Not available 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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4.1.2. Biodegradation 

4.1.2.1. Biodegradation in water 

4.1.2.1.1. Estimated data 

Not available 

4.1.2.1.2. Screening tests 

Data waivinE 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is 

inorganic. 

4.1.2.1.3. Simulation tests (water and sediments) 

Data waiving 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is 

inorganic. 

4.1.2.1.4. Summary and discussion of biodegradation in water and sediment 

Discussion (screening testing) 

Not applicable. 

Discussion (simulation testing) 

Not applicable. 

4.1.2.2. Biodegradation in soil 

Data waivinE 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is 

inorganic. 

4.1.3. Summary and discussion of degradation 

Abiotic de2radation study scientifically unjustified 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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Biotic deeradation study scientifically unjustified 

4.2. Environmental distribution 

4.2.1. Adsorption/desorption 

The studies on adsorption/desorption are summarised in the following table: 

Table 7. Overview of studies on adsorption/desorption 

Metliod Results Remarks Reference 

Teclmical Guidance document in Adsorption coefficient: 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff 

support of Commission Directive log Koc: > 0.56 restriction) (2007a) 

93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment 

for new notified substances and key study 

Commission Regulation (EC) 

1488/94 on Risk Assessment for (Q)SAR 

existing substances. Part III Use 

of (Q)SARs, p.532-543 Test naterial 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

4.2.2. Volatilisation 

Not available. 

4.2.3. Distribution modelling 

Not available. 

4.2.4. Summary and discussion of environmental distribution 

Not applicable. 

4.3. Bioaccumulation 

4.3.1. Aquatic bioaccumulation 

Data waivinE 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: The production and use of the test substance (see sections 3.5 and 3.7) does not lead to direct 

and indirect exposure of the aquatic compartment. 

4.3.2. Terrestrial bioaccumulation 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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Not available. 

4.3.3. Summary and discussion of bioaccumulation 

Aguatic bioaccumulation 

Exposure waiver considerations 

Terrestrial bioaccumulation 

Not available. 

4.4. Secondary poisoning 

The PNECoral is 0.33 mg/kg food (see CSR chapter 7.5.3 "Calculation of PNECoral (secondary poisoning) ". 

Interpretation of the available data with regard to the potential to bio-accumulate in the food chain: 

5. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT 

5.1. Toxicokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution and 

elimination) 

5.1.1. Non-human information 

The results of experimental studies on absorption, metabolism, distribution and eiimination are summarised in 

the following table: 

Table 8. Overview of experimental studies on absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

not applicable Ir. J.M. Cardinaals 

(2007) 

key study 

theoretical approach 

Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

5.1.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.1.3. Summary and discussion of toxicokinetics 

For risk assessment pui-poses the following absorption factors were derived: 

oral absorption factor: 10% 

dermal absorption factor: 10% 

inhalation absoi-ption factor: 10% 

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5.2. Acute toxicity 

5.2.1. Non-human information 

5.2.1.1. Acute toxicity: oral 

The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: 

Table 9. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after oral administration 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

other: rat, Wistar strain Cr1:WI LD50: > 2000 mg/kg bw 1(reliable without Drs. A.H.B.M. van 

female (female) restriction) Huygevoort 

(2006a) 

oral: gavage key study 

2004/73/EG, B.1 tris (Akute- experimental result 

toxische-Klassen-Methode); OECD 

423 (2001) Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

5.2.1.2. Acute toxicity: inhalation 

The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: 

Table 10. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after inhalation exposure 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

other: rat, Wistar Crl: WI LC50 (4 h): > 3.2 mg/L air 1(reliable without Drs. P.J.M. 

male/female (male/female) restriction) Janssen (2007) 

92/69/EWG, B.2; OECD 403 key study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

5.2.1.3. Acute toxicity: dermal 

Data waiving 

Reason: other justifrcation 

Justification: Test not performed. Based on the nature of the substance (powder with lumps), the most likely 

route of exposure is inhalation. 

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EC number: Li FePO4 

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5.2.1.4. Acute toxicity: other routes 

Not available 

5.2.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.2.3. Summary and discussion of acute toxicity 

Assessment of acute oral toxicity with LiFePO4 in the rat according to OECD 423 revealed no signs of toxicity. 

The LD50 cut-off value was considered to exceed 5000 mg/kg bw. 

Assessment of acute inhalatory toxicity with with LiFePO4 in the rat according to OECD 403 revealed no signs 

of toxicity. The inhalatory LC50, 4h value of the test substance in 

Wistar rats was established to exceed 3.2 mg/1, the highest 

concentration regarded technically attainable. Although the 

target concentration was not obtained, based on the absence 

of mortality, clinical signs and macroscopic changes, the 

LC50,4h value of the test substance was considered likely to 

exceed 5 mg/1. 

5.3. Irritation 

5.3.1. Skin 

5.3.1.1. Non-human information 

The results of experimental studies on skin irritation are summarised in the following table: 

Table 11. Overview of experimental studies on skin irritation 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

rbt, New Zealand White not classified 1(reliable without Drs. A.H.B.M. van 

restriction) Huygevoort 

Coverage: semiocclusive Erythema score: (2006b) 

0(animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time key study 

2004/73/EG, B.4; OECD point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 404 (2002) experimental result 

0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Test material 

0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time (IUPAC name): 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Iron lithium 

phosphate 

of max. 1(Max. duration: 24 d; Max. 

value at end of observation period: 0 

(related to all animals)) 

Edema score: 

0 (animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 

0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 

0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 

of max. 0(Max. duration: d; Max. 

value at end of observation period: 0 

(related to all animals)) 

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5.3.1.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.3.2. Eye 

5.3.2.1. Non-human information 

The results of experimental studies on eye irritation are summarised in the following table: 

Table 12. Overview of experimental studies on eye irritation 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

rbt, New Zealand White not classified 1(reliable without Drs. A.H.B.M. van 

restriction) Huygevoort (2006) 

2004/73/EG, B.5; OECD Cornea score: 

405 (2002) 0(animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time key study 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) experimental result 

0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Test material 

0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time (IUPAC name): 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Iron lithium 

phosphate 

Iris score: 

0 (animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 

0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 

0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time 

point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 

Conjunctivae score: 

0.3 of max. 1(animal #1 (mean score 

1)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 

72 h) (fully reversible within: 48 h) 

0 of max. 1(animal #2 (mean score 2)) 

(Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 

h) (fully reversible within: 24h) 

0.3 of max. 1(animal #3 (mean score 

3)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 

72 h) (fully r•eversible within: 48 h) 

Chemosis score: 

0 of max. 1(animal #1 (mean score 1)) 

(Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 

h) (fully reversible within: 24 h) 

0 of max. 1(animal #2 (mean score 2)) 

(Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 

h) (fully reversible within: 24h) 

0 of max. 1(animal #3 (mean score 3)) 

(Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 

h) (fu11y reversible within: 24 h) 

5.3.2.2. Human information 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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Not available 

5.3.3. Respiratory tract 

5.3.3.1. Non-human information 

Not available 

5.3.3.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.3.4. Summary and discussion of irritation 

In vivo skin and eye irritation tests in New Zealand White rabbits revealed no iiTitation potential of the 

substance. 

5.4. Corrosivity 

5.4.1. Non-human information 

The substance is not corrosive based on information fi•om 5.3.4 

5.4.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.4.3. Summary and discussion of corrosion 

The substance is not corrosive based on information from 5.3.4 

5.5. Sensitisation 

5.5.1. Skin 

5.5.1.1. Non-human information 

The results of experimental studies on skin sensitisation are summarised in the following table: 

Tabte 13. Overview of experimental studies on skin sensitisation 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

mouse (CBA) female not sensitising 1(reliable Drs. A.H.B.M. 

without van Huygevoort 

Local lymph node assay Stimulation index: The SI values restriction) (2006c) 

calculated for the substance 

OECD Guideline 429 (Skin concentrations 10, 25 and 50% were 1.4, key study 

Sensitisation: Local Lymph 2.5 and 2.0 respectively. 

Node Assay) experimental 

result 

EU Method B.42 (Skin 

Sensitisation: Local Lymph Test material 

Node Assay) (IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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5.5.1.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.5.2. Respiratory system 

5.5.2.1. Non-human information 

Not available 

5.5.2.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.5.3. Summary and discussion of sensitisation 

Assessment of the sensitising potential of LiFePO4 according to OECD 429 to CBA rats revealed that the 

substance was not sensitizing. 

5.6. Repeated dose toxicity 

5.6.1. Non-human information 

5.6.1.1. Repeated dose toxicity: oral 

The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: 

Table 14. Overview of experimental studies on repeated dose toxicity after oral administration 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

other: rat, Wistar Crl:(WI)BR NOAEL: 150 mg/kg bw/day 1(reliable without Drs. F.M. van 

male/female (nominal) (original NCD unit restriction) Otterdijk (2008) 

is mg/kg/day.) 

subacute (oral: gavage) key study 

Exposure: Test duration: 28 days experimental result 

(Dosing regime: 7 days/week) 

Test material 

96/54/EWG, B.7; OECD 407 (IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

5.6.1.2. Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation 

Data waiving 

Information requirement (Test type): 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: As the substance is not classified, no exposure assessment and risk assessment needs to be 

performed. 

Consumer exposure is not assumed relevant as the consumers use is restricted to the sealed Li-batteries 

without exposure/contact to the substance. As environmental release during the whole life-cycle of the 

substance is assumed to be nihil, also indirect exposure of consumers via the environment is not regarded as 

a relevant route. 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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For present use/application, only worker exposure at the start of the Li-ion battery production site is 

anticipated. Workers can be exposed to the Carbon-coated LiFePO4 for introduction into the cathode slurry. 

These activities are performed under controiled conditions with use of ventilation and PPE (which are also 

needed for working with organic solvents of the cathode slui -ry, including safety clothing, gloves and 

aspiration system). The above protective measures result in negligible exposure to the substance as such. 

The repeated dose DNEL inhalation for systemic effects for workers was calculated to be 1.63 mg/m^3, 

based on the NOAEC derived fi•om the oral NOAEL from the reproduction screening study in rats by means 

of route to route extrapolation. This DNEL sets the limit of exposure in which safety is assumed for the 

worker. 

If in the future exposure by the inhalation route will become more relevant due to additional 

uses/applications of the substance, a repeated dose inhalation toxicity study could be considered in case 

exposure by this route appears to be critical, and refinement of the DNEL's is required. 

Based on the above and taking into account animal welfare reasons, it is considered unethical to perform a 

sub-chronic inhalation toxicity study. 

5.6.1.3. Repeated dose toxicity: dermal 

Data waiving 

Information requirement (Test type): 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: As the substance is not classified, no exposure assessment and risk assessment needs to be 

performed. 

Consumer exposure is not assumed relevant as the consumers use is restricted to the sealed Li-batteries 

without exposure/contact to the substance. As environmental release during the whole life-cycle of the 

substance is assumed to be nihil, also indirect exposure of consumers via the environment is not regarded as 

a relevant route. 

For present uses/applications, only worker exposure at the start of the Li-ion battery production site is 

anticipated. Workers can be exposed to the Carbon-coated LiFePO4 for introduction into the cathode slurry. 

These activities are performed under controlled conditions with use of ventilation and PPE (which are also 

needed for working with organic solvents of the cathode slurry, including safety clothing, gloves and 

aspiration system). The above protective measures result in negligible exposure to the substance as such. 

The long term DNEL dermal for systemic effects for workers was calculated to be 0.93 mg/kg bw/day, 

based on the oral NOAEL fi•om the reproduction screening study in rats by means of route-to-route 

extrapolation. This DNEL sets the limit of exposure in which safety is assumed for the worker. 

If in the future exposure by the dermal route will become more relevant due to additional uses/applications 

of the substance, a repeated dose dermal toxicity study could be considered in case exposure by this route 

appears to be critical, and refinement of the DNEL's is requir•ed. 

Based on the above and taking into account animal welfare reasons, it is considered unethical to perform a 

repeated dose dermal toxicity study. 

5.6.1.4. Repeated dose toxicity: other routes 

Not available 

5.6.2. Human information 

Not available 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

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5.6.3. Summary and discussion of repeated dose toxicity 

Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study with LiFePO4 by daily gavage in the rat: 

Severe test substance-related effects were observed at 650 

mg/kg bw/d. All animals receiving 650 mg/kg bw/d were 

prematurely sacrificed in the first week of treatment due to 

a poor clinical condition. Moribundity of these animals was 

considered to be due to cachexia. This was supported by 

necropsy observations and microscopic findings consisting of 

an emaciated appearance, severe body weight loss, reduced 

organ weights, and atrophic changes in various organs. Most 

of the animals showed squamous hyperplasia of the limiting 

ridge of the stomach, tubular degeneration of the 

cos•tex/medulla of the kidneys, which along with increased 

urea, creatinine and chloride levels suggest a specific 

toxic effect of the test substance on the kidneys. At 350 

mg/kg bw/d, a multitude of clianges was measured in the blood 

including increased urea, creatinine and potassium levels, 

and reduced total protein, cholesterol and sodium levels. 

Some of these findings were also noted at 50 and 150 mg/kg 

bw/d, but without a clear dose-response relationship. These 

changes were not supported by any histopathological 

findings. At the end of recovery reduced choiesterol levels 

and increased potassium levels in males at 350 mg/kg bw/d, 

and reduced sodium Ievels in females were still present. At 

microscopy hyperplasia of the limiting ridge of the stomach 

and multifocal vacuolation in the zona vasciculata of the 

adrenal glands were observed in animals receiving 350 mg/kg 

bw/d. Some of these changes remained present at the end of 

the recovery period. At 50 and 150 mg/kg bw/d, the few 

alterations in the blood parameters were consisted not to 

represent evidence of organ dysfunction, were generally not 

part of a clear dose-response relationship and occurred 

without morphological abnormalities. Therefore, 150 mg/kg 

bw/d is considered to be the 

no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for the test 

substance in animals of both sexes. 

5.7. Mutagenicity 

5.7.1. Non-hurnan information 

5.7.1.1. In vitro data 

The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: 

Table 15. Overview of experimental in vitro genotoxicity studies 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

bacterial reverse mutation assay Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without Drs. B.P.C. van 

(e.g. Ames test) (gene mutation) iiegative with metabolic restriction) Sikkelerus (2006) 

bacteria, other: sat TA 98, 100, activation key study 

1535, 1537; WP2uvrA negative without metabolic 

activation experimental result 

Doses: Concentration range in 

the main test (with metabolic Test results: Test material 

activation): 10 ... 5000 μg/plate for as specified (IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

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Method Results Remarks Reference 

Concentration range in the main above(preliminary test); met. phosphate 

test (without metabolic act.: with; cytotoxicity: yes (> 

activation): 10 ... 5000 μg/plate 5000 μg/plate) 

for as specified 

200/32/EG, B.13, B.14 (Ames- above(preliminary test); met. 

Test); OECD 471 act.: without; cytotoxicity: yes 

(> 5000 μg/plate) 

for as specified above(main 

test); met. act.: with; 

cytotoxicity: yes (> 5000 

μg/plate) 

for as specified above(main 

test); met. act.: without; 

cytotoxicity: yes (> 5000 

μg/plate) 

mammalian cell gene mutation Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without C.M. Verspeekassay (gene mutation) negative restriction) Rip (2009) 

mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells Test results: key study 

(met. act.: with and without) 

negative for mouse lymphoma experimental result 

Doses: Dose range finding test: L5178Y cells(strain/cell type: 

Without and with S9-mix, 3 L5178Y/TK+/--3.7.2C); met. Test material 

hours treatment: 0.3, l, 1, 10 and act.: with and without; (IUPAC name): 

100 μg/ml cytotoxicity: no, but tested up Iron lithium 

to precipitating concentrations phosphate 

Without S9-mix, 24 hours 

treatment: 0.3, 1, 1, 10 and 100 

μg/ml 

Experiment 1: 

Without and with S9-mix, 3 

hours treatment: 0.003, 0.01, 

0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 μg/ml 

Experiment 2 

Without S9-mix, 24 hours 

treatment: 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 

3, 10 and 100 μg/ml 

With S9-mix, 3 hours treatment: 

0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 

and 10 pg/ml 

OECD Guideline 476 (In vitro 

Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation 

Test) 

EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity - 

In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene 

Mutation Test) 

in vitro mammalian cytogenicity Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without Drs. C.A.F. 

(B10) (chromosome aberration) negative with metabolic restriction) Buskens (2006) 

mammalian cell line, other: activation key study 

Cultured peripheral human negative without metabolic 

lymphocytes activation experimental result 

Doses: Concentration range in Test results: Test material 

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Method Results Remarks Reference 

the main test (with metabolic for as specified (IUPAC nanie): 

activation): 3... 33 μg/ml above(preliminary test); met. Iron lithium 

Concentration range in the main act.: with; cytotoxicity: yes (> phosphate 

test (without metabolic 33 μg/ml) 

activation): 3... 33 μg/ml for as specified 

2000/32/EG, B.10 (Sauger above(preliminary test); met. 

zytogenetischer in vitro-Test); act.: without; cytotoxicity: yes 

OECD 473 (> 33 μg/ml) 

for as specified above(main 

test); met. act.: with; 

cytotoxicity: yes (> 33 μg/ml) 

for as specified above(main 

test); met. act.: without; 

cytotoxicity: yes (> 330 μg/ml) 

5.7.1.2. In vivo data 

Not available 

5.7.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.7.3. Summary and discussion of mutagenicity 

Based on the availbaie data, the test substance is not mutagenic noi• clastogenic. 

5.8. Carcinogenicity 

5.8.1. Non-human information 

5.8.1.1. Carcinogenicity: oral 

Not available 

5.8.1.2. Carcinogenicity: inhalation 

Not available 

5.8.1.3. Carcinogenicity: dermal 

Not available 

5.8.1.4. Carcinogenicity: other routes 

Not available 

5.8.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.8.3. Summary and discussion of carcinogenicity 

Not available 

5.9. Toxicity for reproduction 

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5.9.1. Effects on fertility 

5.9.1.1. Non-human information 

The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: 

Table 16. Overview of experimental studies on fertility 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

rat (Wistas•) male/female NOAEL (Parental) (P): 100 1(reliable witllout h•. M.H.M. van 

mg/kg bw/day (male/female) restriction) Tuyl (2010) 

screening based on: test mat. (At 350 

mg/kg body weight/day, key study 

oral: gavage parental toxicity consisted of 

mortality (two males), clinical experimental result 

0, 30, 100 and 350 mg/kg (actual signs (hunched posture and 

ingested) piloerection in all males and Test material 

Exposure: Males were exposed for one female) reduced body , 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

28 da s, i.e. 2 weeks rior to matin 

y p g' 

weight gain, slightly reduced 

food consumption during the Phosphate 

during mating, and up to first two weeks of treatment termination. Females were exposed and increased water for 41-52 days, i.e. during 2 weeks 

prior to mating, during mating, consumption. 

during post-coitum, and during at No toxicologicaiiy significant 

least 4 days of Iactation. (Daily, 7 changes were noted in any of 

days a week.) the remaining parental 

parameters investigated in this 

OECD Guideline 421 (Reproduction study (i.e. macroscopic 

/ Developmental Toxicity Screening examination, organ weights, 

Test) and microscopic 

examination). 

No parental toxicity was 

observed at 30 and 100 

mg/kg/day.) 

NOAEL (Reproductive) (P): 

>= 350 mg/kg bw/day 

(male/female) based on: test 

mat. (No reproductive toxicity 

was observed at any dose 

level.) 

NOAEL (Developinental) 

(Fl): 100 mg/kg bw/day 

(male/female) based on: test 

mat. (At 350 mg/kg/day, 

developmental toxicity 

consisted of a slightly 

decreased numbei• of living 

pups at first litter check, 

increased postnatal loss and 

decreased viability index. 

Gestation index, duration of 

gestation, number of dead 

pups at first litter check, sex 

ratio, and early postnatal pup 

development (clinical signs, 

body weight and external 

macroscopy) were unaffected. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 22 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

No developmental toxicity 

was observed at 30 and 100 

mg/kg body weight/day.) 

5.9.1.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.9.2. Developmental toxicity 

5.9.2.1. Non-human information 

Data waivinE 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: As the substance is not classified, no exposure assessment and risk assessment needs to be 

performed. 

Consumer exposure is not assumed relevant as the consumers use is restricted to the sealed Li-batteries without 

exposure/contact to the substance. As environinental release during the whole life-cycle of the substance is 

assumed to be nihil, also indirect exposure of consumers via the environment is not regarded as a relevant 

route. 

For present use/application, only worker exposure at the stai -t of the Li-ion battery production site is 

anticipated. Workers can be exposed to the Carbon-coated LiFePO4 for introduction into the cathode sluil -y. 

These activities are performed under controlled conditions with use of ventilation and PPE (which are also 

needed for working with organic solvents of the cathode slurry, including safety clothing, gloves and aspiration 

system). The above protective measures result in negligible exposure to the substance as such. 

In the repro/developmental screening test, neither effects were seen on the reproductive organs or tissues, nor 

developmental effects in absence of maternal toxicity was observed. 

The long term DNEL dermal and inhalation for systemic effects for workers was calculated to be 0.93 mg/kg 

bw/day and 1.63 mg/m^3, respectively, both based on the oral NOAEL from the reproduction screening study 

in rats by means of route-to-route extrapolation. These DNELs set the limit of exposure in whicll safety is 

assumed for the worker. 

Based on the above and taking into account animal welfare reasons, it is considered unethical to perform a 2- 

generation study. 

5.9.2.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.9.3. Summary and discussion of reproductive toxicity 

OECD 421 test: Treatment with Lithium Iron Phosphate by oral gavage in rnale and female Wistar Han rats at 

dose levels of 30, 100 and 350 mg/kg body weight/day revealed parental and developmental toxicity at 350 

mg/kg body weight/day. No reproductive toxicity was observed for treatment up to 350 mg/kg body weight/day. 

5.10. Other effects 

5.10.1. Non-human information 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 23 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

5.10.1.1. Neurotoxicity 

Not available 

5.10.1.2. Immunotoxicity 

Not available 

5.10.1.3. Specific investigatioiis: other studies 

Not available 

5.10.2. Human information 

Not available 

5.10.3. Summary and discussion of specific investigations 

Not available 

5.11. Derivation of DNEL(s) / DMEL(s) 

5.11.1. Overview of typical dose descriptors for all endpoints 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 24 
d' 

0 

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EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

5.11.2. Selection of the critical DNEL(s)/DMEL(s) and/or qualitative/semi-quantitative 

descriptor for critical health effects 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 27 
v 

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Discussion 

None. 

EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 30 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Discussion 

None. 

6. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF 

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 

6.1. Explosivity 

The available information on explosivity is summarised in the following table: 

Table 20. Overview of information on explosivity 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

EU Method A.14 Evaluation of results: non explosive 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff 

(Explosive properties) restriction) (2007a) 

(Body responsible: Study results: 

NOTOX SAFETY & Explosive under influence of flame: no key study 

ENVIRONMENTAL 

RESEARCH B.V. More sensitive to shock than m- statement 

5203 DL'S- dinitrobenzene: no 

HERTOGENBOSCH) More sensitive to friction than m- Test material 

dinitrobenzene: no (IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

Remarks: phosphate 

Statement: 

Using LiFePOa as molecular formula and 

157.76 g/mol as molecular weight, 

theoxygen balance for the major component 

was calculated to be 41 %. This is >-200% 

and therefore within the region where there 

may be a potential for explodability. 

However, there are no plosophores (bond 

groupings known to give explosive 

properties) or auxoploses (explosive 

enhancing groups) present in the structure. 

The relatively high oxygen balance is 

considered due to the presence of a 

phosphate group in the molecule. Overall 

consideration of the properties does not 

suggest a risk of explodability. 

Classification accordinE to GHS 

Name: Iron lithium phosphate 

State/form of the substance: powder 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Classification according to DSD / DPD 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHElV1ICAL SAFETY REPORT 33 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (LiFePO4) 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

6.2. Flammability 

The available information on flammability is summarised in the following table: 

Table 21. Overview of infor•mation on flammability 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

92/69/EWG,A.10 Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff 

(Body responsible: non flammable restriction) (2007b) 

NOTOX SAFETY & 

ENVIRONMENTAL Study results: key study 

RESEARCH B.V. 

5203 DL 'S- Ignition on contact with air: no experimental result 

HERTOGENBOSCH) Burning time (s): 8 

Test material 

92/69/EWG, A.12 Remarks: (IUPAC name): 

(Body responsible: Iron lithium 

NOTOX SAFETY & A.10: The flame of a gas burner could not phosphate 

ENVIRONMENTAL ignite the test substance pile. In contact 

RESEARCH B.V, with the flame, the test substance glowed 

5203 DL 'S- and turned black and orange. After removal 

HERTOGENBOSCH) of the ignition source, glowing stopped 

after 8 seconds and no propagation of 

92/69/EWG, A.13 combustion (e.g. by smouldering) was 

(Body responsible: observed. 

NOTOX SAFETY & 

ENVIRONMENTAL Because no burning with flame or 

RESEARCH B.V. smouldering over 200 mm within 4 minutes 

5203 DL'S- was observed,Lithium iron phosphateis 

HERTOGENBOSCH) considered not highly flammable. 

A.12: No spontaneous ignition took place 

in any step of the test procedure and there 

was no evolution of (flammable) gas. 

In conclusion, Lithium iron phosphate is 

not highly flammable in contact with water. 

A.13:In none of the six tests, spontaneous 

ignition of the test substance occurred 

during dropping fi•om about 1 meter height 

or within five minutes of settling. 

Extremely flammable (Meth A9/A2): N 

Highly flammable: N Pyrophoric substance 

(A13): N Highly flammable solid (A10): N 

Highly flammable liquid (A9): N Highly 

flammable gas (A11): N In contact with 

water substance liberates highly flammable 

gases (Al2): N Flammable (A9): N 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 34 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Data waiving: see CSR section 1.3 Physico-chemical properties. 

Classification accordinE to GHS 

Name: Iron lithium phosphate 

State/form of the substance: powder 

Reason for no classification (Flammable gases): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Flammable aerosols): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Flammable liquids): data lacking 

Reason for no classification (Flammable solids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Classification accordine to DSD / DPD 

Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (LiFePO4) 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

6.3. Oxidising potential 

The available information on the oxidising potential is summarised in the following table: 

Table 22. Overview of information on oxidising potential 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

Contact with: Evaluation of results: no oxidising 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff 

powdered cellulose (< properties restriction) (2007a) 

2 min) 

maximum burning rate of reference key study 

92/69/EWG, A.17 mixture: 0.6 mm/s 

experimental result 

Remarks: 

Test material 

The test substance/cellulose mixtures at the (IUPAC name): 

ratios 10/90 to 60/40 (w/w) burned with a Iron lithiunr 

blue flame (height 5 mm). The flame pliosphate 

stopped after burning a short part of the 

initial distance of the pile. The test 

substance/cellulose mixtures at 70/30 to 

90/10 (w/w) could not be ignited. 

Since burning of the test 

substance/cellulose mixtures after iniitiation 

stopped quickly and the reference mixtures 

did burn over the whole reaction zone it 

was concluded that the test substance has 

no oxidizing propei-ties in the sense that it 

cannot sustain a reaction with ceilulose at a 

burning i•ate higher than that of a reference 

mixture or stimulate combustion of 

cellulose tluough a mechanism as found 

characteristic for substances having 

oxidizing properties. No further tests were 

performed. 

Classification according to GHS 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 35 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Name: Iron lithium phosphate 

State/form of the substance: powder 

Reason for no ciassification (Oxidising gases): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Oxidising liquids): data lacking 

Reason for no classification (Oxidising solids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Classification accordinE to DSD / DPD 

Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (LiFePO4) 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

7. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT 

7.1. Aquatic compartment (including sediment) 

7.1.1. Toxicity test results 

7.1.1.1. Fish 

7.1.1.1.1. Short-term toxicity to fish 

The results are summarised in the following table: 

Table 23. Overview of short-term effects on fish 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

Cyprinus carpi.o (Karpfern) LC50 (24 h): > 28 mg/L 1(reliable without Ing. M.H.J. 

element (Li) (meas. restriction) Migchielsen 

freshwater (initial)) (2007a) 

key study 

semi-static LC50 (48 h): > 28 mg/L 

element (Li) (meas. experimental result 

92/69/EWG, C.l; OECD 203 siehe (initial)) 

Bemerkung Test material 

LC50 (72 h): > 28 mg/L (IUPAC name): 

element (Li) (meas. Iron lithium 

(initial)) phosphate 

LC50 (96 h): > 28 mg/L 

element (Li) (meas. 

(initial)) 

7.1.1.1.2. Long-term toxicity to fish 

Data waivinlz 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or 

indirect exposure of the aquatic environment is anticipated. 

In addition, no effects were seen in the short-term fish study at the expected maximum soluble concentration in 

test medium. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. 

Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the long-terrn fish toxicity study. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 36 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

7.1.1.2. Aquatic invertebrates 

7.1.1.2.1. Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates 

The results are summarised in the foliowing table: 

Table 24. Overview of short-term effects on aquatic invertebrates 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

other agiiati.c crustacea: DM EC50 (24 h): > 28 mg/L 1(reliable without Ing. M.H.J. 

element (Li) (meas. restriction) Migchielsen 

fi•eshwater (initial)) based on: mobility (2007b) 

key study 

static EC50 (48 h): > 28 mg/L 

element (Li) (meas. experimental result 

92/69/EWG, C.2; OECD 202 (siehe (initiai)) based on: mobility 

Bemei•kung) Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

7.1.1.2.2. Long-terni toxicity to aquatic invertebrates 

Data waivinE 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or 

indirect exposure of the aquatic environment is anticipated. 

In addition, no effects were seen in the short-tei•m Daphnia study at the expected maximum soluble 

concentration in test medium. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be 

performed. 

Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the long-term Daphnia toxicity study. 

7.1.1.3. Algae and aquatic plants 

The results are summarised in the following table: 

Table 25. Overview of effects on algae and aquatic plants 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

Selenastrnm capricorniitttna, strazn: EC50 (72 h): > 24 mg/L 1(reliable without Ing. M.H.J. 

NIVA CHL I(Algen) (algae) element (Li) (meas. restriction) Migchielsen 

(initial)) based on: growth (2007c) 

92/69/EWG, C.3; OECD 201 (siehe rate key study 

Bemerkung) 

NOEC (72 h): >= 24 mg/L experimental result 

element (Li) (meas. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 37 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

(initial)) based on: growth 

rate Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

7.1.1.4. Sediment organisms 

Not available 

7.1.1.5. Other aquatic organisms 

Not available 

7.1.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) 

7.1.2.1. PNEC water 

Table 26. PNEC water 

PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification 

factor 

No PNEC freshwater can be derived as no fixed values were available 

for any of the acute ecotox studies. No effects were seen up to the 

expected maximum solubility concentration. 

No PNEC marine water can be derived as no fixed values were available 

for any of the acute ecotox studies. No effects were seen up to the 

expected maximum solubility concentration. 

No PNEC aqua intermittent relese can be derived as no fixed values were 

available for any of the acute ecotox studies. No effects were seen up to 

the expected maximum solubility concentration. 

7.1.2.2. PNEC sediment 

Table 27. PNEC sediment 

PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification 

factor 

No PNEC sediment (fi•eshwater) can be derived due to the absence of a 

PNEC freshwater. 

No PNEC sediment (marine water) can be derived due to the absence of 

a PNEC marine water. 

7.2. Terrestrial compartment 

7.2.1. Toxicity test results 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 38 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

7.2.1.1. Toxicity to soil macro-organisms 

Data waivinp_ 

Information requirement: Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct 

or indirect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. 

Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. 

Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to soil macroorganisms. 

Information requirement: Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct 

or indirect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. 

Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. 

Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to terestrial arthropods. 

7.2.1.2. Toxicity to terrestrial plants 

Data waiving 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or 

indirect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. 

Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. 

Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to terestrial plants. 

7.2.1.3. Toxicity to soil micro-organisms 

Data waiving 

Reason: exposure considerations 

Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or 

indir•ect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. 

Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. 

Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to soil microorganisms. 

7.2.1.4. Toxicity to other terrestrial organisms 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 39 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

Not available 

7.2.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC soil) 

Table 28. PNEC soil 

PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification 

factor 

The PNEC soil could not be derived due to the absence of a fi•eshwater 

PNEC. 

7.3. Atmospheric compartment 

Not available 

7.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems 

7.4.1. Toxicity to aquatic micro-organisms 

The results are summarised in the following table: 

Table 29. Overview of effects on micro-organisms 

Method Results Remarks Reference 

activated sludge of a predominantly NOEC (3 h): 100 mg/L test 1(reliable without Ir. L.M. Bouwman 

domestic sewage mat. (nominal) based on: restriction) (2007) 

respiration rate 

fi-eshwater key study 

IC50 (3 h): > 100 mg/L test 

aerobic mat. (nominal) based on: experimental result 

respiration rate 

OECD 209 (siehe Bemerkung) Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

Iron lithium 

phosphate 

7.4.2. PNEC for sewage treatment plant 

Table 30. PN'EC sewage treatment plant 

Value Assessment Remarks/Justification 

factor 

PNEC STP: 10 mg/L 10 Extrapolation method: assessment factor 

Based on the NOEC of 100 mg/L and Table R.10-6 

7.5. Non compartment specific effects relevant for the food chain 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 40 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

(secondary poisoning) 

7.5.1. Toxicity to birds 

Not available 

7.5.2. Toxicity to mammals 

Not available 

7.5.3. Calculation of PNECoral (secondary poisoning) 

Table 31. PNEC oral 

PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification 

factor 

PNEC oral: 0.33 300 The PNEC oral is derived based on the NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d from 

mg/kg food the reproduction/developmental screening study and an assessment 

factor of 300 (Table R.10-13). 

7.6. Conclusion on the environmental hazard assessment and on 

classification and labelling 

Environmental classification iustification 

No classification for the environment required. 

8. PBT AND VPVB ASSESSMENT 

8.1. Assessment of PBT/vPvB Properties 

8.1.1. Summary and overall conclusions on PBT or vPvB properties 

The screening criteria for Toxicity are not met. 

Evaluation of B and P is not possible due to the character of the substance. 

8.1.2. PBT/vPvB criteria aiid justification 

PBT/vPvB assessment: 

- the screening criteria for Toxicity (T) are not met. 

- the character of the substance (inorganic salt) and its related lack of information (biodegradability) or 

inconclusive information (LogKow) does not allow for evaluation of Persistency (P) and Bioaccumulation (B). 

The evidence based upon which the substance could be considered as not B(Appendix R.11-1): 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 41 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

the measured octanol solubility (mg/L) < 0.002 mmol/L x MW (g/mol) was not met (octanol solubility was 

determined to be 3.67 mg/L) 

8.2. Emission Characterisation 

Not available 

9. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 

Since LiFePO4 does not meet the criteria for classification as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC or 

Directive 1999/45/EC and is not considered to be a PBT or vPvB substance, exposure assessment is not 

required. 

10. RISK CHARACTERISATION 

Since LiFePO4 does not meet the criteria for classification as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC or 

Directive 1999/45/EC and is not considered to be a PBT or vPvB substance, risk characterization is not required. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 42 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

REFERENCES 

C. M. Verspeek-Rip (2009). Evaluation of the mutagenic activity of Lithium Iron Phosphate in an in vitro 

mammalian ceil gene mutation test with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (with independent repeat). Testing 

laboratoiy: NOTOX B. V., `s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 491837. Owner company: Phostech 

Lithium Inc., Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2009-10-19. 

Dr. K. A. Oudhoff (2007a). DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM 

IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 

DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467729. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, 

Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-27. 

Dr. K. A. Oudhoff (2007b). DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM 

IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 

DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467729. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, 

Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-28. 

Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006). ACUTE EYE IRRITATION/CORROSION STUDY WITH 

LITIIIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE RABBIT. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & 

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467933. Owner 

company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-12-13. 

Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006a). ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY WITH LITIIIUM 

IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE RAT (ACUTE TOXIC CLASS METHOD). Testing laboratory: NOTOX 

SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467909. 

Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-12-13. 

Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006b). PRIMARY SKIN IRRITATION/CORROSION STUDY WITH 

LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE RABBIT (4-HOUR SEMI-OCCLUSIVE APPLICATION). Testing 

laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. 

Report no.: 467922. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006- 

12-13. 

Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006c). ASSESSMENT OF CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY TO 

LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE MOUSE (LOCAL LYMPH NODE ASSAY). Testing laboratory: 

NOTOX B. V., `s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 467944. Owner• company: Phostech Lithium 

Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-12-13. 

Drs. B. P. C. van Sikkelerus (2006). EVALUATION OF THE MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF LITHIUM IRON 

PHOSPHATE IN THE SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM REVERSE MUTATION ASSAY AND THE 

ESCHERICHIA COLI REVERSE MUTATION ASSAY (WITH INDEPENDENT REPEAT). Testing 

laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. 

Report no.: 467977. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006- 

08-23. 

Drs. C. A. F. Buskens (2006). EVALUATION OF THE ABILITY OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE TO 

INDUCE CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN CULTURED PERIPHERAL HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES 

(WITH REPEAT EXPERIMENT). Testing labor•atory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL 

RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467988. Owner company: Phostech Lithium 

Inc., Boucherviile, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-10-24. 

Drs. F. M. van Otterdijk (2008). REPEATED DOSE 28-DAY ORAL TOXICITY STUDY WITH LITHIUM 

IRON PHOSPHATE BY DAILY GAVAGE IN THE RAT FOLLOWED BY A 14-DAY RECOVERY 

PERIOD. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'SHERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467955. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, 

Canada. Report date: 2008-01-17. 

Drs. P. J. M. Janssen (2007). ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE INHALATORY TOXICITY WITH LITHIUM IRON 

PHOSPHATE IN THE RAT. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 43 
EC number: LiFePO4 

476-700-9 

V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467911. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., 

Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-05-15. 

Ing. M. H. J. Migchielsen (2007a). 96-HOUR ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY IN CARP WITH LITHIUM IRON 

PHOSPHATE (STATIC). Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 

5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467999. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, 

Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-21. 

Ing. M. H. J. Migchielsen (2007b). ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY IN DAPHNIA MAGNA WITH LITHIUM 

IRON PHOSPHATE (STATIC). Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 

B. V. 5203 DL 'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 468001. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., 

Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-21. 

Ing. M. H. J. Migchielsen (2007c). FRESH WATER ALGAL GROWTH INHIBITION TEST WITH LITHIUM 

IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 

DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 468012. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, 

Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-27. 

Ir. J. M. Cardinaals (2007). Toxicokinetic Assessment of Lithium Iron Phosphate. Testing laboratory: NOTOX 

B. V., 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 468056. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., 

Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-11-28. 

Ir. L. M. Bouwman (2007). ACTIVATED SLUDGE RESPIRATION INHIBITION TEST WITH LITHIUM 

IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 

DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 468023. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, 

Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-11-22. 

h- . M. H. M. van Tuyl (2010). A reproducti on/devel op mental toxicity screening test of Lithium Iron Phosphate 

in rats by oral gavage. Testing laboratory: NOTOX BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 

491836. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2010-03-01. 

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 44