T

BEÄNH LAO

B

Ñieàu Tra vieäc Tieáp Xuùc

vôùi Ngöôøi Bò Beänh TB

Baûo Veä Gia Ñình vaø

Baïn Beø Quyù Vò

Khoûi Beänh

(English 

Translation

Included)
1

Noäi Dung Beân Trong:

Ñoïc saùch höôùng daãn naøy ñeå bieát 

caùch baûo veä gia ñình vaø baïn beø 

quyù vò töø beänh TB. Roài chia seû 

saùch naøy vôùi nhöõng ngöôøi quyù

vò bieát.

2

TRANG

Baát cöù ngöôøi naøo cuõng coù 

theå bò nhieãm beänh TB

4

TRANG

Laøm theo chæ daãn cuûa Hùng

4

TRANG

Cho nhaân vieân chaêm soùc 

söùc khoûe cuûa quyù vò bieát

5

TRANG

Ñöôïc traû lôøi cho caùc thaéc 

maéc cuûa quyù vò

8

TRANG

Lôøi nhaén cho nhöõng ngöôøi 

tieáp xuùc vôùi beänh lao
2

Baát cöù ngöôøi naøo cuõng coù theå 

bò nhieãm beänh TB.

Neáu quyù vò bò beänh TB thì quyù vò ñaõ 

laøm ñuùng khi cho bieát teân nhöõng ngöôøi 

quyù vò ñaõ tieáp xuùc khi quyù vò coù theå 

laây maàm beänh TB cho ngöôøi khaùc. Khi 

giuùp baùc só hoaëc ngöôøi chaêm soùc söùc 

khoûe cuûa quyù vò ñieàu tra vieäc tieáp xuùc 

vôùi ngöôøi bò beänh TB laø quyù vò giuùp cho 

chính gia ñình vaø baïn beø cuûa mình ñöôïc 

khoûe maïnh. Vaø quyù vò cuõng giuùp cho 

coäng ñoàng cuûa mình luoân khoûe maïnh.

Döôùi ñaây laø nhöõng gì Húng ñaõ 

noùi veà cuoäc ñieàu tra vieäc tieáp 

xuùc:

“Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe cuûa toâi 

hoûi teân cuûa nhöõng ngöôøi toâi ñaõ tieáp 

xuùc tröôùc khi toâi ñöôïc chöõa trò—khi toâi 

coù theå laây truyeàn maàm beänh TB cho 

ngöôøi khaùc. Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc 

khoûe cuûa toâi noùi coâ caàn ñieàu tra vieäc 

tieáp xuùc. Ñieàu naøy coù nghóa laø phaûi 

goïi hoaëc tôùi gaëp nhöõng ngöôøi toâi tieáp 

xuùc ñeå cho hoï bieát raèng hoï caàn ñi thöû 

nghieäm TB. Toâi bieát gia ñình vaø baïn beø 

toâi caàn bieát xem hoï coù bò nhieãm beänh 

TB hay khoâng, neân chuùng toâi cuøng nhau 

laøm moät danh saùch nhöõng ngöôøi toâi 

tieáp xuùc.”

Beänh TB laây truyeàn nhö theá naøo?

Maàm beänh TB laây lan trong khoâng khí khi 

ngöôøi bò nhieãm TB ho, cöôøi, haùt hoaëc 

nhaûy muõi. Baát cöù ngöôøi naøo cuõng coù 

theå hít phaûi maàm beänh TB vaø nhieãm 

beänh TB. Ngöôøi bò nhieãm TB khoâng theå 

laây maàm beänh TB cho ngöôøi khaùc. Nhöng 

neáu khoâng chöõa trò thì vieäc nhieãm TB coù 

theå trôû thaønh beänh TB.

“ Khoâng ai muoán nghó raèng mình 

ñaõ laây beänh TB cho ngöôøi 

khaùc”
3

Quyù vò coù bieát?

Ngöôøi bò beänh TB coù theå laây maàm beänh 

TB cho ngöôøi khaùc. Nhöng neáu hoï duøng 

thuoác trò TB ñuùng caùch thì hoï seõ khoâng 

laây maàm beänh TB cho ngöôøi khaùc.

Tin toát laø beänh

TB coù theå
4

Laøm theo chæ daãn cuûa Hùng:

• Nghó veà nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò ñaõ tieáp 

xuùc. Nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò ñaõ tieáp xuùc laø 

ngöôøi trong nhaø, baïn beø, haøng xoùm, ñoàng 

nghieäp vaø nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò ñaõ tieáp 

xuùc khi quyù vò bò beänh.

• Cho nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe bieát 

teân nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò ñaõ tieáp xuùc. 

Ñöøng caûm thaáy xaáu hoã maø khoâng neâu 

teân nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò coù theå ñaõ laây 

maàm beänh TB cho hoï.

• Haõy nghó raèng quyù vò giuùp nhöõng ngöôøi 

chung quanh mình ñöôïc khoûe maïnh. Baûo veä 

söùc khoûe cuûa ngöôøi trong gia ñình vaø coäng 

ñoàng.

• Tìm hieåu taát caû nhöõng gì quyù vò coù theå 

bieát veà TB.

phoøng ngöøa, chöõa vaø trò 

döùt beänh.

Baøn thaûo vôùi nhaân vieân chaêm 

soùc söùc khoûe cuûa quyù vò:

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe coù theå hoûi 

quyù vò moät soá hoaëc taát caû nhöõng caâu hoûi 

naøy trong khi ñieàu tra vieäc tieáp xuùc.

Veà trieäu chöùng cuûa quyù vò:

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe coù theå hoûi: 

“Quyù vò bò ho bao laâu roài?” “Khi naøo quyù

vò baát ñaàu caûm thaáy mình bò beänh?”

Veà nhöõng nôi quyù vò ñaõ ñi qua:

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe cuûa quyù vò 

coù theå hoûi, “Quyù vò ñaõ ñi qua nhöõng nôi naøo 

khi caûm thaáy bò beänh vaø ho? Quyù vò cö nguï 

taïi ñaâu? Quyù vò coù ñeán tröôøng hoïc khoâng? 

Quyù vò ñi ñaâu khi khoâng ôû nhaø hoaëc laøm 

vieäc?”

Veà nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò ñaõ tieáp xuùc:

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe cuûa quyù vò 

coù theå hoûi, “Quyù vò ñaõ tieáp xuùc vôùi ngöôøi 

naøo trong gia ñình, baïn beø, haøng xoùm vaø 

ñoàng nghieäp naøo khi quyù vò bò ho?”
5

Ñöôïc traû lôøi cho caùc thaéc maéc cuûa 

quyù vò.

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe cuûa 

toâi coù lieân laïc vôùi taát caû nhöõng ngöôøi 

toâi neâu teân khoâng?

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe cuûa quyù vò seõ 

quyeát ñònh ngöôøi naøo caàn ñöôïc lieân laïc döïa 

treân thoâng tin quyù vò cho bieát. Ñieàu quan troïng 

laø nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe caàn lieân laïc 

vôùi nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò coù theå ñaõ laây maàm 

beänh TB. Nhöõng baïn beø, ngöôøi trong gia ñình, 

ñoàng nghieäp hoaëc baïn cuøng lôùp coù theå bò 

nhieãm TB. Ñieàu naøy coù nghóa laø hoï coù maàm 

beänh TB uû (nguû) trong cô theå vaø hoï coù theå 

khoâng caûm thaáy bò beänh. Neáu hoï ñöôïc chöõa 

trò khi bò nhieãm TB thì hoï seõ khoâng bò beänh TB. 

Neáu hoï ñaõ bò beänh TB thì hoï caàn ñöôïc chöõa trò 

ngay.

Coøn veà vieäc giöõ thoâng tin rieâng tö cuûa 

toâi thì sao?

Moät soá ngöôøi bò beänh TB sôï raèng hoï seõ bò 

maát vieäc neáu ngöôøi khaùc bieát raèng hoï laây 

maàm beänh TB cho nhöõng ngöôøi taïi nôi laøm vieäc. 

Nhöõng ngöôøi khaùc coù theå lo laéng raèng baïn beø 

vaø ngöôøi trong gia ñình cuûa hoï coù theå haét huûi 

hoï. Quyù vò caàn bieát raèng thoâng tin quyù vò cho 

nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe bieát ñöôïc giöõ 

kín ñaùo vaø rieâng tö.

Neáu nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe 

phaûi noùi chuyeän vôùi ngöôøi giaùm thò 

cuûa quyù vò:

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe seõ raát caån 

thaän khi noùi chuyeän vôùi nhöõng ngöôøi taïi nôi laøm 

vieäc cuûa quyù vò. Trong haàu heát caùc tröôøng hôïp, 

chuùng toâi coù theå ñieàu tra veà vieäc tieáp xuùc maø 

khoâng cho bieát teân cuûa quyù vò. Teân cuûa quyù vò 

CHÆ ñöôïc cho ngöôøi giaùm thò bieát neáu caàn thieát 

ñeå yeâu caàu ñuùng ngöôøi laøm thöû nghieäm TB. 

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe seõ yeâu caàu 

ngöôøi giaùm thò khoâng cho ñoàng nghieäp bieát teân 

cuûa quyù vò.
6

Toâi caàn laøm gì neáu khoâng coù theû 

xanh?

Ban söùc khoûe khoâng phaûi baùo caùo tình traïng 

ñònh cö taïi Hoa Kyø cuûa quyù vò. Nhaân vieân cuûa 

ban söùc khoûe quan taâm ñeán söùc khoûe cuûa 

ngöôøi bò beänh TB. Hoï muoán quyù vò ñöôïc chöõa

trò beänh TB caàn thieát.

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe seõ 

laøm moïi vieäc ñeå baûo veä thoâng tin 

rieâng tö cuûa quyù vò.

• Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe cuûa quyù 

vò seõ thöïc hieän caùc böôùc ñeå baûo ñaûm 

khoâng neâu teân cuûa quyù vò trong khi ñieàu tra 

veà vieäc tieáp xuùc. Ngay caû khi ngöôøi quyù vò 

tieáp xuùc ñaõ bieát quyù vò bò beänh TB thì nhaân 

vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe cuõng seõ khoâng 

cho hoï bieát teân cuûa quyù vò.

• Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe seõ chæ 

cho bieát teân cuûa quyù vò ñeán baùc só, y taù, 

nhöõng nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe khaùc 

chaêm soùc cho quyù vò.
7

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe 

cuûa quyù vò coù theå:

• Goïi hoaëc ñeán gaëp nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò neâu 

teân.

• Noùi chuyeän vôùi moät nhoùm ngöôøi taïi nôi laøm 

vieäc, tröôøng hoïc hoaëc nôi caàu nguyeän

cuûa quyù vò.

Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe seõ yeâu caàu 

nhöõng ngöôøi tieáp xuùc vôùi quyù vò laøm thöû 

nghieäm da TB hoaëc thöû nghieäm da TB, vaø cho 

bieát thoâng tin veà nôi laøm thöû nghieäm.

“Ngöôøi y taù cho chuùng toâi bieát raèng 

chuùng toâi coù tieáp xuùc vôùi moät 

ngöôøi bò beänh TB vaø chuùng toâi 

coù theå bò nhieãm TB. Coâ aáy noùi 

neáu chuùng toâi bò nhieãm TB vaø 

khoâng chöõa trò thì seõ bò beänh TB. 

Vaø ñieàu naøy coù theå laø cho chuùng 

toâi bò beänh naëng. Chuùng toâi seõ 

ñeán beänh xaù hoâm nay ñeå laøm thöû 

nghieäm da TB vaø thöû nghieäm da TB.”
8

Lôøi nhaén cho nhöõng ngöôøi bò 

tieáp xuùc:

Quyù vò neân laøm gì neáu ñöôïc neâu teân laø 

ngöôøi bò tieáp xuùc vôùi ngöôøi bò beänh TB?

Tröôùc tieân: Nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe 

seõ goïi hoaëc ñeán gaëp quyù vò. Nhaân vieân seõ 

khoâng cho quyù vò bieát teân ngöôøi coù theå ñaõ 

laây maàm beänh TB cho quyù vò.

Tieáp theo: Sau khi troø chuyeän vôùi quyù vò, nhaân 

vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe coù theå ñeà nghò 

quyù vò gaëp baùc só hoaëc y taù ñeå ñöôïc khaùm. 

Vieäc khaùm naøy bao goàm thöû nghieäm da TB 

hoaëc thöû nghieäm maùu TB, vaø chuïp quang 

tuyeán X nôi vuøng ngöïc.

Sau cuøng: Neáu quyù vò bò nhieãm TB thì caàn 

phaûi ñi chöõa trò ngay. Laøm theo lôøi khuyeân cuûa 

nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe. Ngöøng vieäc 

nhieãm TB tröôùc khi quyù vò bò beänh TB.
9

Neáu nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc 

khoûe lieân laïc vôùi quyù vò:

Haõy noùi chuyeän vôùi nhaân vieân chaêm soùc 

söùc khoûe. Tìm hieåu taát caû nhöõng gì quyù vò 

coù theå bieát veà TB. Ñi thöû nghieäm da TB hoaëc 

thöû nghieäm maùu TB neáu nhaân vieân chaêm soùc 

söùc khoûe cho bieát quyù vò caàn laøm.

Cho gia ñình vaø baïn beø bieát.

Moät soá ngöôøi khoâng hieåu taïi sao beänh TB laây 

truyeàn hoaëc caùch ñeå chöõa trò beänh naøy. Hoï 

coù theå sôï bò nhieãm TB khi duøng chung ñóa hoaëc 

uoáng chung ly vôùi ngöôøi bò beänh TB. Chia seû 

thoâng tin quyù vò bieát veà TB vôùi gia ñình vaø nhöõng 

ngöôøi khaùc thaân vôùi mình laø ñieàu raát höõu ích, 

nhaát laø khi hoï lo laéng veà söùc khoûe cuûa hoï hoaëc 

cuûa quyù vò. Bieát nhöõng döõ kieän coù theå giuùp 

ngöôøi thaân bôùt lo sôï.
10

TB laø beänh nghieâm troïng.

Neáu quyù vò bò beänh TB thì quyù vò ñaõ laøm 

ñuùng khi cho nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc khoûe 

bieát teân nhöõng ngöôøi quyù vò ñaõ tieáp xuùc. 

Neáu bieát mình ñaõ tieáp xuùc vôùi ngöôøi bò beänh 

TB thì goïi cho baùc só hoaëc beänh xaù ñeå bieát 

veà thöû nghieäm da TB hoaëc thöû nghieäm maùu TB.

Laáy heïn ñeå thöû nghieäm da TB hoaëc 

thöû nghieäm maùu TB:

Ngaøy: __________________________

Giôø: __________________________

Ñòa ñieåm:__________________________

Ñieän thoaïi:

__________________________

Teân cuûa nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc 

khoûe hoaëc beänh xaù:

__________________________________________
11

Developed in partnership with the Global Tuberculosis Institute

at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Toâi thöïc hieän caùc böôùc ñeå 

baûo veä gia ñình toâi.

“Tröôùc heát toâi cho nhaân vieân chaêm soùc söùc 

khoûe bieát teân nhöõng ngöôøi toâi ñaõ tieáp 

xuùc. Sau ñoù gia ñình toâi laøm thöû nghieäm TB. 

Moïi ngöôøi laøm thöû nghieäm da TB hoaëc thöû 

nghieäm maùu TB. Chuùng toâi laøm theo khuyeán 

caùo cuûa baùc só vaø thöïc hieän caùc böôùc ñeå 

baûo veä söùc khoûe cuûa mình. Vaø ñieàu ñoù laø 

quan troïng vôùi chuùng toâi.”

Laøm caùc böôùc ñeå kieåm soaùt 

beänh TB.

Laøm ñieàu ñoù cho söùc khoûe cuûa quyù vò

— laøm ñieàu ñoù cho gia ñình quyù vò.

Goïi tôùi ban söùc khoûe taïi ñòa phöông

theo soá sau ñaây ñeå bieát theâm thoâng

tin veà beänh TB

hoaëc vieáng maïng löôùi cuûa Phaân Ban 

Ngaên Ngöøa Beänh Lao cuûa CDC (CDC 

Division of Tuberculosis Elimination) taïi

http: //www.cdc.gov/tb

CS275232-A

Produced 2008

Updated 2017
12

Ghi chuù
13

Ghi chuù
The TB Contact Investigation

Protect Your Family 

and Friends from

TUBERCULOSIS

TB
What’s Inside:

Read this brochure today to learn how to protect 

your family and friends from TB. Then share

it with people in your life.

2PAGE

Anyone can get TB

4PAGE

Follow Húng’s tips

4PAGE

Talking with your healthcare 

worker

5PAGE

Get your questions answered

8PAGE

A word for contacts

1
“No one likes to think they 

have given someone TB”

Anyone can get TB. 

If you have TB disease, you are doing the right 

thing by sharing the names of people you spent 

time with when you were able to pass TB germs 

to others. By helping your doctor or healthcare 

provider to do a TB contact investigation, you

are helping your family and friends stay well.

And you are helping to make sure your community 

stays healthy.

Here is what Húng had to say 

about contact investigation:

“My healthcare worker asked for the names

of my contacts, people I spent time with before

I got treatment—when I could still pass TB 

germs on to others. My healthcare worker said she 

needed to do a contact investigation. This means 

calling or visiting people to let them know they 

should be tested for TB. I knew my family and 

friends needed to find out if they had TB,

so, together we made a list of my contacts.”

How is TB spread?

TB germs are passed through the air when

a person who is sick with TB disease coughs, 

laughs, sings, or sneezes. Anyone nearby can 

breathe in these TB germs and get TB infection.

People with TB infection cannot pass TB germs

to others. But, if left untreated, TB infection

can turn into TB disease.

2
Did you know?

People with TB disease can pass TB germs to others.

But if they take the TB medicine the right way, they 

won’t pass TB germs to others.

3

The Good News is that TB

can be Prevented, Treated, 

and Cured. 
Talking with your healthcare 

worker:

Your healthcare worker may ask you some or all

of these questions during the contact investigation.

About your symptoms:

Your healthcare worker may ask: “How long have 

you been coughing?” “When did you first start

to feel sick?”

About places you have been:

Your healthcare worker may ask, “Where did

you spend time when you were feeling sick

and coughing? Where did you live? Did you

go to school? Where did you hang out when you 

were not at home or working?”

About people you spent time with:

Your healthcare worker may ask, “Who are the 

family members, friends, neighbors, and

co-workers you’ve spent time with while 

coughing?”

Follow Húng’s tips:

• Think about your contacts. Contacts are family 

members, friends, neighbors, co-workers,

and others who spent time with you when

you were sick.

• Give the names of your contacts to your 

healthcare worker. Don’t let being embarrassed 

keep you from listing people you may have passed 

TB germs to.

• Think of how you are helping those around 

you stay well. Protect the health of your family 

members and the community.

• Learn all you can about TB. 

4
Get your questions answered.

Will my healthcare worker get in touch with 

all the people I listed?

Your healthcare worker will decide which people

need to be contacted based on the information you 

give. It is important for the healthcare worker

to be in touch with people you may have given TB 

germs. These friends, family members, co-workers,

or classmates may have TB infection. That means they 

have dormant (sleeping) TB germs in their body,

so they may not feel sick. If they get treatment for

TB infection, they won’t get sick with TB disease.

If they already have TB disease, they will need 

treatment right away.

What about my privacy?

Some people with TB disease are afraid they will

lose their job if others learn they passed TB germs

to people at work. Others may be worried their friends 

and family will reject them. What you need to know 

is that the information you share with the healthcare 

worker is kept private and personal.

If your healthcare worker has to talk with 

your supervisor:

Your healthcare worker will be extra careful when 

talking to people at your work. In most cases,

a contact investigation can be done without giving 

your name. Your name will ONLY be given to

a supervisor if it is needed to make sure the right 

people get tested for TB. The healthcare worker will 

ask your supervisor to not give your name to your

co-workers.

5
What if I do not have a green card?

The health department is not required to report 

your United States residency status. Your health 

department staff is concerned about the health

of people with TB. They want you to get the

TB treatment you need.

Your healthcare workers will do everything

they can to protect your privacy.

• Your healthcare worker will take steps to make 

sure your name is not mentioned in a contact 

investigation. Even if your contact already knows 

that you have TB, your healthcare worker will not 

give out your name.

• Your healthcare worker will only give your name 

to doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers 

who are taking care of you.

6
Your healthcare worker may:

• Call or visit the people you name.

• Talk to a group of people at your work, school,

or place of worship.

Your healthcare worker will suggest the contacts 

get a TB skin test or TB blood test and provide 

information on where to get tested.

“A nurse told us we had been around 

someone with TB disease and we might have 

TB infection. She said if we do have TB 

infection and don’t get treatment, we can

go on to get TB disease. And that can make 

us very sick. We’re going to the clinic today 

to get a TB skin test or TB blood test.”

7
A word for contacts: 

What should you do if you have been 

named as a contact of someone with

TB disease?

First: A healthcare worker will call you on the 

phone or come to see you. The worker will not tell 

you the name of the person who may have passed 

TB germs to you.

Next: After talking to you, a healthcare worker 

may suggest that you see a doctor or nurse for

an examination. The exam may include a TB skin 

test or TB blood test and a chest x-ray.

Finally: If you have TB infection, take control 

now. Follow your healthcare worker’s advice. Stop 

TB infection before you go on to get TB disease.

8
If a healthcare worker contacts you:

Talk with the healthcare worker. Find out all you 

can about TB. Get a TB skin test or TB blood test 

if the healthcare worker says you need one.

Talking with family and friends.

Some people do not understand how TB is spread 

or how it is treated. They may be afraid of getting 

TB from sharing dishes or drinking containers with 

someone who has TB. It may be helpful to share the 

facts you have learned about TB with your family 

and others who are close to you, especially if they are 

worried about their health or your health. Learning 

the facts may help lower their fears.

9
TB is a serious disease.

If you have TB disease, you are doing the right thing 

by giving names of people you have spent time with

to your healthcare worker. If you know you have

been around someone with TB disease, call your 

doctor or clinic and ask about getting a TB skin test

or TB blood test.

Setting up an appointment for your

TB skin test or TB blood test:

Date: ___________________________

Time: ___________________________

Location:________________________

Phone: __________________________

Name of healthcare worker or clinic:

__________________________________

10
I took steps to protect my family.

“First I gave names of people I spent time 

with to my healthcare worker. Then my 

family got tested for TB. Everyone had a TB 

skin test or TB blood test. We are following 

our doctor’s advice and taking steps to 

protect our health. And that’s important to us.”

For more information on TB, call your

local heath department at

or visit the CDC Division of 

Tuberculosis Elimination website at 

http://www.cdc.gov/tb

Take steps to control TB.

Do it for your health — do it for your family.

Developed in partnership with

the Global Tuberculosis 

Institute at Rutgers,

The State University of New Jersey

Produced 2008

Updated 2017

11

CS275232-A
Notes

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Notes

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