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•:: } ~ ~ CALI FCT11A AIR QUAL17Y _ - O R1 

Revision 

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FOREE-;,4R0 

ishis chaater o{Jtt inps tre control strategies currentl;r 

5eing imlecmented in Valifornia as well as those proposed as Part 

of ti-,e nonattairrent olans adooted by local agencies and proposed 

for aGoption by 'he Air Resour;.es Board (AR3). These strategies 

? ave tepn cvr s`cereu by 1oc31 aCenc{es involve+~ in the ore ~aration 

of n;;!-3tt.a;n--en_ >>ns oursuarit 'o the 1977 Ciean Air Act An-end- 

-c-n;s. ": is c.iapter snouid be used in conjunction with such pians. 

{his claot.erKas considered by the AF?B at an April 

1379 wu3lic hearing and adoote. as an SIP revision for submittal 

<.v the cnv::-or^sen•al rrotection xge.^.cy. 

i?te c1haYVer is cor-a=ete except for Settions IS and IC 

wnich are h-ein,g -vrri>tpn to ref?ect ARS's currient policy 

~~ *rd9r,g transr:or?,ation control reasures. These sections will 

te a ~~ ¢j t.: ,h's Lrav .er wren N.ey are completed. 

.ic'ns r-egard>nr s.~ :s c'ap.er can be aQdressec Lo. 

k:r ~~ •esc:rr^.?5 aoar-~ 

rECPD - i S th S t:-eee t 

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9 

,•^:C'-~3S ;.. nUSi;:^. 
"ABLEE i.C.`3;;:NiS 

:ntraduction ...,........ . 

.. Vehicular Sources ...... 

:.................................. ~ 

~ . s'zchnical Contrcis - Cverview ......................... • 

]. • ...................... .. ^lSS ~ O!1 ~, it:1i; ~ CiO ~SS 

'• ~ 1ei CO.n,ten' Li,,,Zta*_i0ns .............. . ....... 8 3. -::ture Technicat ContrBTs ............ ~ 

- ~ • :.-iSS;cns Stsndards `ar New `lehicles ....,. 4 Y "o[cr YQhicle inspecticn Pr^,graT ............1J 

C. Cantroi Of E-;is5icr.s `;;;-t Eieet 'lptlicias 

. • d. von:rOl o` —;isstcns --r;:- Other . 

SoU1-ces ... ; 

n.. ^ F . . . . . . . '•, ?, ~•flr. '7i ~;~1 ~..iy. ~ L- ~ UL;~ `fenlci£' Reill'Ctit i •. ~ t i 

r• Jt~A~ meaSUreS .... 

......t2 

:rans;:orLat;oz Cuntrals .......... . ....... ! C. -:~ `.;rp 'r3ns..cri.a. :n Cnntr ~ t ~re 

:............... 

~ 35Lre5 ............... ' 

a.. a ~~'• ~~i.,~,~ ?vn;rY 3C:SrC±~ d 7r

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tnir,^ ................. ~ .3 

.°- •S;.liF' ~1~rPa ~ t^!i-l-•_` ^Ftr .......... ....................i ~ 

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~~ r!v ~ r„ .• .................................2.^K. ....^ ~ .......................................::J 

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.. . ~ . 
LIST OF TASLES 

Table 4-1 Trends in New Passenaer Car Emission 

Standards in California .......................... 4 

Table 4-2 1973 ~-7 =+ission Standards `or New Passenger 

Cars *L',ght and Mediunr-Duty Trutks by 

CYS-iI Test FroCedure ............................ 5 

Table 4-3 1979 Eniss;on Standards i'or ~-eaYy-vut,• 

'r'ehicles ......................................... S 

Table 4-y 1980 and r"u4urp C.ai i;ornia ar.d Federal 

Ead:aust C..~ ission Stand3rds for ?assenger 

Cars, i.Ight andMedjL.r?-C:.ttf "r=eniCles ............. a 

Table :-S Future Califorrtia ;xhaust Ernfssfons 

Stardarids fcr :-ea,-y-Cw:y :'e ~, ;cles ................ 1 ~J 

Table 4-6. Transportaaion C-cnt UI uieasures 

by PonLtta:rrvnt ArPas ........................... 

" 

Table 4-' Riye >'i ~,~ers of Gontrol ~.egulatiors 

in £ffet*_ as of .:anuarf 1. 19719 

by Air ?,a$ir . ..................................... I= 

iable 4-3 Status Qt 'iS?5!`t;SKA?S Celegation i0 

Local Air yt33i+1t; vn Z.ontrol Otstricws 

as o' Januar; ' E 1979 ............................ ~5 

Tab1e 4- 9 .~

-

..T-..aQ'd:jla .,. ..^r4'.~.'7,'Li.rif: ,

°~j~ 

'1~1:F5 ............... 

*TO vl' li,t.,^,.1:ided in a f-j ~-

'J'rn 

~ 

.It ~ 
APpENDICES 

Arcerdix 4-A Ac:dresses of Local Air 'ollution Control 

Agercies 

ApDendix 4-9 Caieoory IIMoCel Rules for StationLry Sources - 

Avaiiable seaarateiy frorr, thle AK3. 

T?,e fol iowi;sV ap;,endices are rorLions of ;.he Cal ifornia A.d:ninistrative 

Ccde. Persons ;ntprested in tAhese aoFendices s! -ould refer directly 

'o •'_ke co-de. 

A;ryendix 4-C ARB Sandblast;ng Standards, includea in Title 17, 

C.aliforn:a A.k-:inisLrat°re Code, Section 92^rC.4 

(R.e:`er io ca:'e) 

rivpe;<dix Axa Gesos ine Yap-or ControT PrcceAures, includer' 

;n Title I7, Cal ifornia Adminis'rative Co-ce, 

Sectian 941 C'OD (Rerpr :o coUe) 

A.p;. ~erL`x 4-L LkRg Ve?iicle E.-:ssi;,n Controls ircluded in Titie 13, 

C.aiiforz;a n ~-, inistrative C^de, C.11a

'

ter 3, 

S ~~t~ a:.ter i. Hrstor Vehicle Pcl lvtior Contr-al 

Devfces, Sut ~ c'.°z^ter 2. EnZorc : o= Yehicle 

cnissior, Stzndari".s arid Surveilianta ;esting, 

Sub,chapter 3. Higtrira;+ and w,ardator.o Ins;ectfcn 

-mi5sior, StanLards, Subcn.apt.er S. Standards for 

'.~iotor VeHcle ruels, ard Sutachapt¢r ?. Speczf3caticins 

fvr FiII Pipes and CpRenings of *ietor Yehic.e b uol 

Ta„ks f~ POfsr to co-dp} 

»~~~.^• x -, 

R 7 OH H ~ i 1` ~* ♦ yOI~ i A 

n. ,, rC''.C3 s L,lr ~ t urr n^ Q C~ t ~a ~~ Cn5 i ~ C u ~ 

i:;e ;€TCaliso-nia rdm}nistra:lve C.o•de, Sec:'^n 

ED1.C,eM se-q. !?s`er *_o cme', 
Chapter 4 

CONTROL STRATEGIES 

INTRODUCTION 

The Ci ean Ai r Act Amendments of 1977 set forth requi rements for asajor 

revisions to the California State Implementation Plan (SIP). The 1979 

submittal to EPA requires incorporation of a nonattainment plan (NAP) 

for each area in the state that is not na+ attaining national ambient 

air quality standards. (In California, 26 areas nere designated nonattainment for one or eore pollutahts although Board action asay proposa 

that soa+e areas presently designated nonattainsaent cay be redesignated 

unclassified or attair+ment betause of the recently revised ozone standard.) 

A key component of the locally adoptPd ttAPs is the control reasure 

package selected as the basis of the strateqy for attainaaent. 

This chapter of the SIP outlines California's overall controi strateqy 

xhich includes control weasures being iqplesented at both the state and 

local level. It also outlines the direction the ARB and local agencies 

are ®oving to develop and implement future control maeasures. The presentation is divided into two categories: vehicuiar and nonvehicular 

controls. 

Exhaust euission controls for vehicles have been in effect in California 

since 1960. Qverall, California's standards have been more stringent 

than those established by the federal governa,ent for the other 49 states. 

Coaplianct xith the established eeoissions standards rill continue to 

result in reduction of eaiissions in the future as the - vehicle mix 

becoaies comprised of a larger fraction of later-year models rhich have 

progressively more stringent controls applied ta them. 

Soae of the llAPs contain vehicle related eraission cor,trol t.actics. It 

is unclear at this tieoe whether these measures will be accepted for 

inclusion in the SIP subaission as attaiment or as raaintenance measurgs. 

-1- 
The Executive Officer has been dirrected by the Air Resources Board to 

make this detera+ination after consultation with the appropriate local 

agency officials. 

In addition to control measures limiting exhaust emissions, there are 

other measures that reduce emissions by reducing dependence on the motor 

vehicle, providing more efficient use of motor vehicles, or reducing 

their use. These are knexn as transportation control measures (TCKs). 

The EPA has defined 18 types of T04s listed in Section 108(f) of the 

Clean A1r Act as 'reasonably availabie." If an extension beyond 1982 

for the ozone or cartion monoxide standard attainment is requested, all 

18 TCHs must be implemented or adequate justification provided for 

rejecting any of these aaeasures that are considered iocally unreasonable. 

Because of a general deficiency in time and resources needed to perform 

thorough analyses of the 18 TCI4s as requiro-d for the 1979 subaittals, 

aany measures will be re-exaarined during the continuing planning and 

impleaent,ation progrm. Due to the coa+plexity of issues involved in the 

adoption of TC?i, a great deal ©ore woric and support and the invoivement 

of the statP legislature, Congress, and the auto industry is essentiaT 

to insure the success of the program. 

One of the TCMs, a prograo designed to insure the effectiveness of 

vehicle earissions standards, is the 14otor Vehicie Inspection Program 

(liYIP). Just as for the 17 other TC?4s. the Ciean Air Act requires that 

all areas not desionstrating attainment by 1982 for carbon oonoxide or 

ozone arust iepleaDent an M41Ir. 11APs submitted to date recognize this 

requirement. tiowever, 1oc.al and state jurisdictions lack the statutory 

authorization to iaplemnt an annual lRYIP. The Legislature needs to 

provide appropriate enabling iegislation. The EPA is requiring the 

6overnor's cocaMtwent to obtain such legislation as a part of the 1979 

pian, and that enabling legislation be enacted by Juiy 1, 1979 to qualify 

any area for an extension. Legislation (Senate Bill 64) vas introduced 

early in 1979 to ailow the state to implewnt MVIP at the request of 

local agencies. 

Another requirecent for an adequate 1tAP is that stationary source 

control measures be included for 11 sourte cateyories that EPA has 

identifled unless there are no such sources in the nonattairw-*nt area. 

EPA guidelines for these cat.egories are kr.oin as control technoiocy 

guidelines (CTGs). The categories are as follows: 

1. Surface Coating of A<,tocobiies and Light-Quty Trucks, Cans, 

Y*ta1 Coils, Paper, and fabric Products 

2. Surface Coating o.` Y*tal Furniture 

3. Surface Coat`.ng of Large Apvliances 

-2- 
4. Surface Coating for Insulation of Magnetic Wire 

5. Petroleum Liquids in Fixed-Roof Tanks 

6. Bulk Gasoline Plants 

7. Gasoline Loading Terminals 

' 8. Service Stations Stage I 

9. Miscellaneous Refinery Sources 

10. Solvent Metal Cleaning 

11. Cutback Asphalt 

In addition to measures concerning the above 11 categories. EPA requires 

that MAPs pravide for the adoption and submittal of additional control 

measures within one year after publication of subsequent guidelines. 

the ARS st.aff has already developed model rules for several categories 

of sources for which rules will be required by EPA at a later date. The 

staff believes these additional rules constitute reasonably availabie 

control measures. The AR8 staff has developtd aodel rules for a11 but 

three of trie 11 categories presently required by EPA: cutback asphalt, 

insulation of sagnetic wire, and miscellarrcwus refinAry sourtes. A 

regulation for insulation of magnetic wire is being developed by the South 

Coast Air Quality hanagesaer.i District, where the only California source 

in this category is iocated. The rule for cutback asphalt along with 

rules for miscellaneous refinery sources and eany additional categories 

of iaportance for California will be developed on a schedule that the 

AR8 staff believes each district should cowrit itself to (see Table 4- 

9). The review of draft QIAPs indicates that most demonstrate the intent 

to meet EPA and ARB policies on roodel rules, but raost lack detailed 

regulations or commitments which would clearly define the ruies. 

-3- 
i. Vehicular Sources 

Control of emissions fron vehicular sources is approached in two 

Mays. Technical solutions are used to limit the ar,aunt of pollution per vehicie nile traveled and transportation controls arE 

implersented to rpduce deaendency on -mtor vehicle, and provide mre 

efficient use of these vehictes. 

A. Technicai Controls - ove rriew 

?Jnst relsic.lr e-mi-;tisun% .iro intr-iduc+'d ira tht as^q.irnt , ir 

through t*se vehic1A exhaust syste^. The ccr-bustion of .*uei 

pr-aduces car'.o n scnoxide ECO). nitrocen oxides (YCx), unburned 

hydr;,ca:-xns (ui. ), lead partic:,laies, and sul fur ccmounCs. 

LvaporatirQ losses fr-cm yQhic:e .`Jel s:Fste,:.zs are aiso a r.aJor 

source of I~ C emiss acns as are crar.kcase "treathing" eraissiozs. 

The i.alifor-nia S:r r-oduces er;issions of CD, ,iOx, and HC hy 

:s sstio:x or ex':aLst, crankcase, 3r: eva-,~orative eaission 

standards on new wehicles. i.ead ar.d sulfur cc ~^=+mds arre 

controlted 5Y re,uTatinc their conte.n.t in fuel ;yasoline}. 

I. E,;,issicn Lirzft- atfiens 

iatS>e 4-f siY,"i-ts tr'e tr' °_nd `.'? s7aslC:ry^,?er ~".ar exhaust 

f-iSS:cn s ~ ^d?rus ::, date. 

Tahl? ~ -3 

s'rr,n~!s in i",-ssr.•nTr,r C.,r Aa=iairn 

St.an-A3rds in Califcrni3 

c rar^s pe r,r, ; j e 

iotal ~,Z.eC:;cticn 

1979 

Car'.~an :3onox 4 de 87".0 3.0 9

~ : 

lotal hrd-ocar~ns E .-' `.A+ ~.~ 

C .wi 9_SR 

ffi trLgtin \1X{

j

deJ .~ .JR 'aTi_~:~ ~~ r A.i .~:rJ ♦ 

,Averaye val:]fS t^r ti• 4:!:fr7a:. '''esn ?S'•d' 5:3^darts. 

:^e `c;;c'wi^ q taties 7 ~.~~i ^ o :aa:`o ~-r+a a ~:d 'edera> stX?ri C ar~.S 

for ;asse:c;;a. _'', :"d c - ~ nr•av 'L ~~~ Yo':;c'n5 `;}r ?C'•: - ~ V • 
Table 4-Z 

1918 cmission Standards for wE:,+ Passen5er 

+-ars, Livht and "edium-Duty irvcks 

by CVS-II iest Procedure 

grarn per miie 

Yehicle Test California•' Federal 

,ry~e 1weirht 1b. !?C cc— '{Ox n Z~T-- nCx 

FC AlI 0.41 }.G 1.5 1.5 1S 2.0 

lO; 0-3999 0..-1 9.0 ts 2.3 

L 21 7 *u4v-594g 01 .til ? 1.7 18 2.3 

4u3 ~ 11 0.9 17.0 2.3 t. I 18 2.3 

*,7se US-I: Tesi ?-ocedure is also discussed in Ghaoter 23. 

'•5~~ Caii*'orn:a , ~dnsnistrat; ~ •e Cade, T itFe 13. ~'~a p .er 3, ~c:`c r 15~ S9 .S. 

14.0 `or faur-w'eel drive vehicles zn this 4atec4ry. 

 =able •- 3 

S,sndar-f5 For reavy-L-ity YF^icles* 

gra,-=s per arake ' ~ or-se ^-c% ,er hour 

%Vdcr.c3rWcns 10 e+r3x HC'?qoS 

C; lifor :a 1.S'" Zj 7.5 

or 25 S 

of' ' Lere 25 7.3 

Fgs'rera1 7 

'~ r , L ? ? 

!1V}r Flarr- ..'rr~ ,-.c3i!O7 'v'~P:e'ii:c':. 

9

"M~ •)` P !r- ♦ " •-c r~.rn'i S~'a '" 1 f ~ .^.tr't i r'F', i ;.<.. 

',}~' .~r~ - ~7..Sa ~ .i~ -i'~ i+! ... a.~a . L~' ..1:, ~~~ai~ Le"e 

Ti'.ie 13, Ck':a ✓ ter 3, 1e56.5. 

M+':a?!'C'Pcles a'".°_ .31So Z:^.'.ro 'sF.'. . ~ ~'.'✓ ..as:jrr- •+- : o.- 

?x.'"?:~ 5' a";y's _ 5>?"d?r ~ S v° ~ ;!"'.^? 'ri' _ . .. .. .'•',r. ~.t ~ 5. 

~,3..c ~a., ~ ~ r~

'"":,. ~

."'»_ • -~ 5:.^]:,'t° J .. ~ '`d. .'' . -'~~'~ :A" .,. 

I 
Jisplacpimnt 

Model Year (in cubic centimeters) 

1978-1979 50 to less than 17C 

170 to less than 750 

750 or greater 

Exhaust Emissions (gra^rs C ~=r i.ilorneter 

Cart>on 

Nyd ;ocarbons :'Oonoxirle 

7.0 17 

17 5.0 17 ly 

•-G" = UisplacQr,*nL in `ubic centir.yeters. 

overall, Caiifornia's standards `or 1977 mdei year ro'or 

vehicles a^e :ryore stringent than those estabiished oy thQ 

,=edera1 Coy£rn:~

enL `or the other 49 States. 

~,~sissie.ns sce,-,e in-=3se vehicies in Califorl-ia are 

aiso centrolied 4,,`'rcur.'° 7.and —_.atory retrofittin^ 

ce:`Lain contrsl £o'Ji ~,--ent. thi5 r£~~ Zre^~ eaLP ~ s

'

uSUawl~yr 

iaanosed w~Ie~ Ye.~sicles are *:nitiail ~~ re9rs...r_- t6s 

cox~in~ `rG~ anfli`~ °r state or `or£ic~.n countv) cr r£- 

,re,gistnrnd betause of a change of -wnership. 

'ahr~ uchvuL i?~ £ state, ~or exa-~ 1£. :9 ~ o-7C licht- ~ u-. 

-- r---- 

~rehicies ~

ust install !fi0x controi ~ ?": ~ ces ~ ex^zus= ,as 

rCr ~ r vdC ;i»~ s~ar~. ad.'ar`CP dZ scC'.Tns_'Ct} 

heiny regii.°r°-d :n;tiali} ~ cr c`an=ing cwnpr5. ~S~e 

Caiifflrn a t a T itle 13, ~ !av"ter 3, 

~ ;..~~ nisLra ive Ca ~_, 

i ~,0~ ~ 1 ~ ~ t'es :,r ~rti^rs of 

~ct ~t~5 i~•~~ ~nC ~~ r :9 1 CC ~, ^ 

: ~ ~ 

coL."^t;es ( zw'os ~' in . ;•e J-a ~~f ~er~'a .]Ou th 4G~S5 , 

!~ ,, ~ '~ ent ra ar. d S a~s~ B ar5ar ! Cour _`as 

JieL~~ nt r ~ 3Si^ ~, ~~ 1915 ~ _ ~a . ~ 

Sn ~ `'+t' S~~rut.'Z i'.ent.ral C ' oast 3~~'Sir. ) 1~i~3-~ :. '~~ :S JSt 

ins:.ai 4 asL0001'iCx Cpvice 4also vvculw- sa,ark advance 

disccl^mact, a.:nd8r t..e sz,-e ccn:itions. 

r

:- a o~~ ss4nr,5 L t" ~ CtS_ ~ n ~~~i 

cLn:z~

a:e: on a: neqe ve'h i cl ~es 

. 

Ory.=.;s?C CaSa'S Lr? e^"ILtad :Sg" pY3Ct]r3:iva 'Cc5 i`.r4uy.. 

ven's ~ '"e cr a n+,CBsn. iti3£sa losses 'ta4`?' ~ e°_`% eli ~ :• a *° :M 

~ ySe ~~ ^r. ~ L'£ cra^ ~ caSe an ~ extenulr.Y i.^ti Yent 1 ines ~.: 

e^L`tvr^i L' ~e -aS*'s to the Cartur frJr suJS£~ ip"t 

~ • n -2 =i ~ 

'~ ''+'!t Crc'.nKLaSf~ 

Jus.ir' - C. £ ~ ~ _p` y.- in .he s_a " e 3 

:Olt .w^ a rql 1rj, ~ j^4-t v A rdP~~ "Eal i~ ^ i•' , i `:?~ 

,r•S r, S'' ?'S' 2 s. "?f•d ~ ' • 5~ . -a t

T a ^.g5' ~^~ 

,,. p ~ ^rw4^3C~yuSeS ?rn 

~„ ~

,T. ~. ~ o+ef ~r ~~~ , n i. J . y.{ 

vya ^ S y t '?~ a .:r x~ ,R ^.3: ~ ^~ Cr ~~ _° 3• ~ rP:^'. ~ .edi 

3: 

?970 , £

; ~~ .. 

 .. 

- % te .. L~ va:~ rs 

_[„ 
have been installed on all new light-duty vehicies sold 

in California. Heavy-duty vehicles have been reguia*_ed 

since 1973 (see California l'idministrative Code, iitle 13, 

Chapter 3, Section 2022). 

Through 1977, the evaporative emission standard was 2 

gm/tEst as dete r.nined by the carbon trap test procedure. 

In 1978, hoKever. the standard and the test ProcedurQ xas 

aitered. (See California Adr,tinistrative Code. Titlp 13, 

Chapter 3. Sections 1970 and 1976.) A^ ~ore strinapnt 

test was developed called "Sealed Ncusir,g EvaporatIve 

Beterr~ ination" (SNEJ). The new standard is 5cm/test as 

deter;nir=ed by .he rore stringent SHEC test pr-3cedJre. 

Both test prncedures are described in the CgdQ of Feder3l 

iterulations. (40 C=R E5.074-11 to 8.5.074-13 for carYon 

trap and 40 CFR 86.101 et seq for RSPE4.") 

Vehicle ^.a.nu,`3cturers are reQuired to corp'sy +rith sever#1 

sets of corplenentary reculaticns to ensure that all 

vehicles sold in California coMly wit': ail applicable 

e~~ issions reculations. il?+~ se relate to certification, 

asse:r,'aly-:;ne testing, cc_-7zliance testing, durabiiity, 

and eeaiers!hi{Si -2urveillarce. 

il;e certif;cat9cn orooran, which applies to natorzi'cles, 

ignt-cuty ard rzed1u;n-c;,ty vehicles, and heav.+-du*.y 

engir,es and vehicies, is intended tc ¢nsure that orr;:Qrl; 

saaintaiasea! Ychicles arc desirned tQ cc-r-gty wi t!; the 

appiica5le erission st.andards for iheir useful IiYes. 

f.sSe ,~biv-1 ine tAst or;;cerures arp intenced to e ~ sure that 

ri'llfornia ve:'+1C es ar*4 vrt}; ,eriy eCL;fp ✓ ed anQ "eot the 

.appliLable s4a^dards wnAn t::ey ieave :^a a3ctvrr. <.t ti^e 

pres¢:zt tire, tree asser:bly-line tast ,:ro-_edures a;.Rly 

only to li4ht-duty and r-ediur-duty vehicles, excludi^g 

MXr-c,rcles. Co^x"Jl iance tmsti^C , whic'? is ;fr'or^+ed 3t 

.1he AR3's ~Iaaqen-S^it tatsoratory in El xcnte ps desj.^eti 

:O veri fy thL' ran'3fLctur' 0_'.*'s ' 3sse.~"b'`1 y- i j c:a tesLs or, 

,^.assencer cars and liYt:t-duty and :aediL.- ~ -dsty trucks, a^a 

:o .R1„'9 t9'.t';r the e^issions frven nex omdtiction m_orcycses 

3 n t!"-e a'•3se'^Cn oP +d "* ,.- 2rcJcle asSe':' ~`1 f- i iY:? t;. . 'S t:.T-o~gTan. 

ri^a61y, tte ~4:B"SdaD'Re•'Shi;? si:rareifla^ce f!'t-^•""''.5 

t.:e'':vpf..`' i, e.) °_'!s"s.ita+ "'3t ^o?I k-. ~'.-,..v, ~ ~.r,✓ a ..

c~} "•p~ I ~"~'- ~~i~`P 

ti6hiclAs .~.!YD ^ +'sr~ r ;~ ~!':eLi ~~.~t ^ a•^.0 addi1st°.'l. )1,^.e'.3 ".~

.E'G"A`as '.

o~ 

s~ cCi~:,^.'s"Ya%'S:ali lA7tT, iia. .'~r~idi'yi, ir.:~ v,^„a* :.. n 

tAst :s `_'^ Lh?;.:Pr 23. 

-7 - 
2. Fuel Content Limitations 

Lead and sulfur emissions are controlled by limiting 

their content in fuel. In both cases, refiners of 

gasoline sold in California have gradually been required 

to reduce the content of these compounds in their product (see California Adninistrative Code, "itle 13, 

Chapter 3, Section 2253). Phase-down requirements for 

lead for refiners producing more than 20,000 bbl/day of 

gasoline are: 

Maxirsam Lead Conten -_ 

of Motor Vehicle Gasol ine 

Effective Oate (Pool Averace*) 

Pre-197b 

January 1971 

January 1978 

January 1979 

January 1980 

1.85 g.-,Jgal 

1.40 gm/gal 

1. 00 c~;,/ g a 1 

0.70 g~.^Iga I 

0.40 rn/gai 

'The pool arrerage is the aYeraye of Totar vehicle casoline 

praduced by a refiner. 

ihe phase-dorwn requirecents fcr rrefiners prod:;cing less 

than 20,S.a00 bbl/c'ay are: 

Maxirm= Lead Cc^tPnt 

' o,` 3totor rehicle Oaso7ir:e 

iEffective Bat.e (Pcol Averag-e•) 

January 1, 1979 1. 7g?-lga i 

January 1, -1 98#) 1.4 =/ga 1 

Since aaotar vehicles are .alvnst entirel.+ res; ,o^sibie for 

aubient lead st-a,ndard violations, t.his ~ase-do~n, a;d•ed 

by tlae inaDility of catalyst equioped ,w hicles to use 

leaded ga.soline, is the essence of C'alifor-±ia's stra:eg.r 

to achieve the n,aticnal at-bient air q;ca; iLy srandard' .`or 

leaC. 

3. Future Technic.alCortr^is 

a. &3issacns S:andarda for "tt,o ide': ~ cies 

`al:e exhaus: ezissio:9 S -zat;d3rws ha•ie tonr aSt2's:i 4 S^!'! 

for 19&1 znd l,ater :-vo:D; vehicles, a^d are show^ in 

a'zbles 4-4 and 4-5. 
Table 4-4 

1980 and Future California and Federal 

Exhaust Emission Standards for Passenger Cars. 

Light and Nedium-Duty Vehicles 

grams per mile 

Mbdel Vehicle Test California *' Federal 

Year Type: lteiaht (lbs) 414iC+*' ^0 rtOx•*" HC ~y 3(3x"*" 

1980 PC A11 0.39(0.41) 9.0 1.0(1.5) 0.41 7.0 

LOT 0-3999 0.39(0.41) 9.0 1.5+ 1.7 18 

LDT 4000-5999 0.50(0.50) 9.0 2.0 1.7 18 

M®v All 0.90(0.9) 17 2.3 1.7 1;, 

1981 PC All 0.39(0.41) 3.4 1.0(1.5) 0.41 3.4 

LOT.ltOtl 0-3999 0.39(0.41) 9.0 1.0(1.5) 1.7 18 

LOT,?'rY 4000-5999 0.5d(0.50) 9.0 1.5(2.0) 1.7 18 

MOY 6000blarger 0.60(0.60) 9.31 2.0(2.3) 1.7 18 

1982 PC All 0.39(0.$1) 7.0 0.4(1.0) 0.41 3.4 

LffT,11bY 0-39g9 0.39(0.41) 9.0 1.0(1.5) 1.7 1S 

LOT.liW 400Q-5999 0.50(0.50) 9.0 1.5(2.0.) 1.7 18 

MOV 60W&larger 0.60(0.60) 9.0 2.0(2.3) 1.7 18 

1983 P'C All 0.39(0.41) 7.0 0.4(1.0) 0.41 3.4 

and LDTXV 0-3999 0.39(0.41) 9.0 0.4(1.0) 1.7 18 

latPr LOT.MY 40(10-5999 0.54(0.50) 9.9 1.0(1.5) 1.7 18 

!!4Y 600031arger 0.60(0.60) 9.0 1.5(2.0) 1.0' 18 

(See California Ad?a'nis`ratire Code, Title 13, C!9apter 3. Sectigns 1 9-60 

and 1960.1.) 

'PC - passenger cars 

LOT - light-dutq trucks (0-6000 lbs. gross vehicle veigri:) 

!lD+/ - ®edium-duty vehicles (6001-8500 1bs. gr•ass ve!sicie +peight) 

Federal regulatians covoine LOT's 3nd 'OV's int.o or,e, ex; anCed 

LOT categary. 

*-*A sanufactur•rr aaay choose alterna,e s.andards for 1931 and i982 

of 0.39 gna/ni for nor.-xaethane hyQr,ycar!>c,^,s (cr 0.41 for :.ot31 YC' ; 

- 7.0 gxa/a i for C0; and 0.7 ar.✓mi for '* x. 

*"Standards in pargnt,',&sas refer t® :otai hydrr,cartons (KC) eP-isa:-zrs. 

Cowpl iance with the 1980 s4andard can Lp achieve:i by an a1 terna;p 

non-ssettsar.e hydracarbon s:.andarM of 0.39 =J-i. 

*-*,"Standards in parentheses --Yjs: be rp-t by r",anu.`acturers c° -C.3s any ;v 

certify their vehicles fcr 100,OCO' ^iles instead uf ?ro nor-:a3 

50.0D0 sxile distance. 

+2.4 go/mile for a 4 wree3 drive vel,4c;e. 

2.0 

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

1.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

1.0 

2.s' 

2.3 

2.3 

i.0 

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

I 

-9- 
Table 4-5 

Future California Exhaust Emissions Standards 

for Heavy-Duty Vehicles 

grams per brake horseporrer hour 

Year T06 CO NOx TOG + NOx 

1980-82* (1) 1.0 25 - 6.0 

or (2) - 25 - 5 

1983 b Subsequent 0.5 25 - 4 •5 

(See California Administrative Code, Titie 13, Chapter 3. 

Section 1956.6.) 

*The txo sets of standards for each crodel-year are alternatives. A 

manufacturer shall have the option for each engine family of showing 

coaoqliance with either set. 

14ii 1980 and iater crsdel mtorcycles, with engine 

displacements grr.ater than 50 cc's, are scheuuled to 

meet exhaust standards of 5.0 gn/km for T ~'rG and 12 

gq/km for CA under identical national and state 

standards. In 1982, tl:e T00 standard is scheduled 

Lo drop to 1.0 gRm/tm in CaTifornia only. 

As discussed earlier, evaporative e:aissions froraotor vehicies are aiso subject '.o control. A11 

1450 and later moc:el mtor vehicles (excppt ^+otorcycles) taust camaply with a 2 qm/test standard as 

determrined by the SKEB test procedurt. Motorc;/cles 

mrst couply with standards of 6 yn/test in 1933 and 

2 gea/test in 1985 (also SHED). 

b. fttor Vehicle Inspection Progra » 

The most icportani follow-uo concept .`or i.r.suring 

the ef.'ec.iveness of -.otor vehicle mission controls 

is ths tor Yehicle inspect3an Progra-i EWF?3 kba 

periodic inspection oe Yehicles fSlr e~.':ss;cnsrelated defects and malfunctions, and tke r^ppair esa 

those vehicles which do not pass inspection, .s a 

vital strategy in preserving the effec*i4Qe:es3 of 

vehicle e?mission control systers. 

Cai ffornia has a cAntral i;ed Yotcr 't'¢hi:Ia 

Inspection Prograc on a change o` vehicle cwr.ersRaK 

basis in ;he South Coast nir 3asin aSG~B 1j_ 

- P~ - 

~ 
This pro9ram includes an idle emissions test for 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty 

vehicles. Standards for the test are expected to 

cause 35% of the "r+orst polluting"; vehicles to fail 

and require reaair. Only organic gas and carbon 

eronoxide emissions are measured. Devices which 

control N4x emissions are visually and/or functionally checked. A loaded mode test may be added in 

the future to test for all three pollutants. 

The 1977 Clean Air Act Ae,enda,ent.s require motor 

vehicle inspection programs in areas unable to 

dtmonstrate compliance with national asbient air 

quality standards for oxidant or CO by 1982. The 

nonattainment plans which need an extension of the 

attainaent date to 1987 endorse an MYIP as part of 

their control strategy. 

IaQleaentation of M1o1P will require action by the 

Legislature. The Legislature is currently considering adoption of Senate Bill 84 to provide locai 

offiuls the option to rtquest ieqlementation of a 

!fU I P by the s ta t.e . 

C. Control of Emissions From Fleet Yehicies 

One of the eighteen controi measures required to be 

considered by Section 108(f)(1)(A) is the conversion 

of fleet vehicles to alternative fuels (such as 

alcohol, mcihane, etc.) and engines or to otherwise 

control emissions `roA fleet vehicles. -sechnolcgy 

is becooietg available so that this caeasure =ay be 

irqlsented in a number of air basins in the future. 

d. Control of brissions Froa Other liehicular Sources 

There are a nuaber of classes of vehicies and mobile 

tquiparr+t pa•ered by Llse internal coebustion enqine 

that are not controlled, the contribution of these 

uncontrolled sourcts to total emissions will becoae 

proportionateiy greater. Off-road recreational 

vehicles. heavy canstriction eGuipcen;, utili,y 

eQuipment (suc-h as lawn mo++ers) are Nssi5le candidates for contrbl. 

e. Other i-T+an Licht-Ct,ty Yehicle Retrofi*. 

Another coeetroi ceasur_ sugrested in ;he C-*A cc::- 

cerns t.h.e re•.rofit of tseavy-duty vehicles with 

control devices. -the AR8 lacks statu.or•f au:"or.:y 

for these progra=. and public ac.ep:ance cf pre- 

'larst polluting re attre to tl ~ieir designed emission leyels. 

-11- 
~ 

F vious retrofit programs indicate little likelihood 

of acceptance by the leqislature. Jmplementation of 

suCh prograats requires several years lead time. 

Fio++ever, some NAPs do contaln this measure as part 

of their control strategy. The ARS has directed the 

staff to Study the measure to determine its applicability as either an attainment or a maintenance 

eeasure and to determine what emissions reductions, 

if any, can properly be attributed to this tactic. 

f. Other Measures 

71re ARS has directed the Executive Officer to 

deteroine which other future vehicle relsted esaission control tactics contained in the NAPs should be 

accepted for inclusion in the SIP subaission as 

either attainoent or a+aintenance c,easures. i-his 

chapter xill be acended to include a list of the 

future motor vehicle control tactics that xi;l be 

pursued by the AkS as soon as possible. 

a 

-12- 

r 

~ :