FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

 OCTOBER 31, 2011

JOHN LEY

CLERK

 [DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

 ________________________

 No. 10-12265 

Non-Argument Calendar

 ________________________

 D.C. Docket No. 1:05-cv-00058-MP-AK

JOHN D. SYMONDS,

Plaintiff - Appellant,

 versus

MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,

Commissioner of Social Security Administration,

Defendant - Appellee.

________________________

 Appeal from the United States District Court

 for the Northern District of Florida

 ________________________

(October 31, 2011)

Before EDMONDSON, WILSON and BLACK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:

John Symonds appeals the district court’s order affirming the Social

Security Commissioner’s denial of his application for disability insurance benefits

for time prior to 11 July 2006. No reversible error has been shown; we affirm.

Our review of the Commissioner’s decision is limited to whether substantial

evidence supports the decision and whether the correct legal standards were

applied. Wilson v. Barnhart, 284 F.3d 1219, 1221 (11th Cir. 2002). “Substantial

evidence is more than a scintilla and is such relevant evidence as a reasonable

person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Crawford v. Comm’r

of Soc. Sec., 363 F.3d 1155, 1158 (11th Cir. 2004). Under this limited standard of

review, we may not make fact-findings, reweigh the evidence, or substitute our

judgment for that of the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). Moore v. Barnhart,

405 F.3d 1208, 1211 (11th Cir. 2005). We review de novo the district court’s

determination on whether substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision. 

Wilson, 284 F.3d at 1221. 

A person who applies for Social Security disability benefits must prove that

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he is disabled. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512. The Social Security Regulations 1

outline a five-step sequential evaluation process for determining whether a

claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4). The ALJ must evaluate whether

(1) the claimant engaged in substantial gainful work; (2) the claimant has a severe

impairment; (3) the severe impairment meets or equals an impairment on the 2

Listings of Impairments; (4) the claimant has the residual functional capacity

(“RFC”) to perform his past relevant work; and (5) whether, in the light of the

claimant’s RFC, age, education, and work experience, there are other jobs the

claimant can perform. Id. 

On appeal, Symonds argues that the ALJ’s conclusion that he was not

disabled before 11 July 2006, was arbitrary, capricious, and unsupported by

substantial evidence. He asserts that the record does not demonstrate that his

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health or RFC declined between 26 May 2001, his alleged date of onset, and 11

July 2006. 

Disability is the “inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any 1

medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death

or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12

months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). 

Here, the ALJ concluded that Symonds had a severe impairment of lumbar spondylolysis 2

with chronic back pain. 

Because the ALJ concluded that Symonds was last insured on 30 June 2005, Symonds 3

must establish that he was disabled on or before that date to qualify for disability insurance

benefits. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1211. 

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On 26 May 2001, Symonds suffered a work-related injury to his lower back,

and underwent back surgery a few months later. One of his treating physicians

reported that Symonds reached maximum medical improvement on 26 November

2002, and was limited from bending, squatting, lifting more than ten pounds,

standing for more than one hour, and repetitive use of his legs to operate controls. 

In March 2005, another treating physician reported that -- although Symonds

complained of lower back pain -- his gait, muscle strength, and muscle tone were

normal, and he had a normal range of motion in his back. Based on this record,

sufficient evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusion that Symonds was capable of

performing sedentary physical exertion before 11 July 2006. 

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On 11 July 2006, Symonds was involved in a car accident; and he

developed three herniated discs in his cervical spine. He testified that, because of

the newly-herniated discs, and the new pain in his left side, hip, and leg, his

condition was worse after the accident. His medical records also demonstrate that

his back pain and right leg weakness were worse after the accident and, thus,

support the ALJ’s conclusion that Symonds’s health declined after the accident. 

Symonds also argues that the ALJ did not give proper weight to the opinion

The ALJ determined that, before 11 July 2006, Symonds was capable of lifting, carrying, 4

pushing, and pulling ten pounds occasionally, standing and walking for an hour at a time for

about four hours a day, and sitting for about six hours a day with normal breaks.

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of his treating physician, Dr. Lipnick, that Symonds’s impairment rating was 28

percent of the whole person. Absent “good cause” to the contrary, the ALJ must

give substantial weight to the opinion, diagnosis, and medical evidence of a

treating physician. Crawford, 363 F.3d at 1159.

The record demonstrates that the ALJ gave substantial weight to Dr.

Lipnick’s medical opinion. The ALJ concluded that, before 11 July 2006,

Symonds could perform sedentary physical exertion, including lifting, carrying,

pushing, and pulling ten pounds occasionally, standing and walking for one hour

at a time for about four hours a day, and sitting for six hours a day with normal

breaks. This conclusion was consistent with Dr. Lipnick’s assessment that, as of 8

December 2002, Symonds was limited from bending, squatting, lifting more than

ten pounds, standing for more than one hour, and repetitive use of his legs to

operate controls. Although the ALJ did not rely on Dr. Lipnick’s medical opinion

that Symonds had a 28 percent permanent physical impairment to the whole body,

that impairment rating was calculated based on the Florida Uniform Permanent

Impairment Rating Schedule, not the Social Security Act’s definition of disability. 

Moreover, the ultimate issue of disability is left to the determination of the

Commissioner; and a statement by a medical source that a claimant is “disabled”

or “unable to work” is not binding on the ALJ. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(e). 

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Symonds also argues that the ALJ erred when the ALJ determined that his

testimony about his subjective experience of pain was not credible. Credibility

determinations about subjective testimony generally are reserved to the ALJ. See

Johns v. Bowen, 821 F.2d 551, 557 (11th Cir. 1987). But “[i]f the ALJ decides

not to credit such testimony, he must articulate explicit and adequate reasons for

doing so.” Holt v. Sullivan, 921 F.2d 1221, 1223 (11th Cir. 1991). 

Here, the ALJ concluded that -- although Symonds’s medically

determinable impairment could reasonably be expected to produce the alleged

symptoms -- his statements about the intensity, duration, and limiting effects of his

pain before 11 July 2006, were “not entirely credible.” We conclude that

substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s adverse credibility determination. In

summarizing Symonds’s medical records, the ALJ noted that, although Symonds

had a limitation in straight leg raising on the right, he had “more facial grimacing

than guarding,” “[i]maging studies did not show a clear reason for his symptoms,”

and “the symptoms might be exaggerated or not terribly physiologic.” The ALJ

also indicated that Symonds’s testimony about the limiting effects of his

symptoms was contradicted by his testimony that his daily activities included

vacuuming, caring for his children, and helping his wife with the grocery

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shopping. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(e)(3)(i) (providing that the ALJ may 5

consider a claimant’s daily activities in evaluating the intensity and persistence of

pain symptoms).

AFFIRMED.

In a 21 July 2006 decision addressing Symonds’s initial application for disability 5

insurance benefits, the ALJ also concluded that Symonds’s testimony about his pain was not

credible based on (1) the objective medical evidence; (2) his “attempts to obtain narcotic

medications which suggest a possible reason to exaggerate his pain complaints;” and (3) positive

tests for cocaine and marijuana use.

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