# CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT

Substanee Name: Iron lithium phosphate EC Nu nber: 476-700-9 CAS Number: CAS Number: 15365-14-7 Registrant's Identity: SUD-CHEMIE AGEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9


# Table of Contents PartA ......................................................................................................................................................................1 1. SUMMARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ................................................................................1 2. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE IMPLEMENTED ............................1 3. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE COMMUNICATED ........................1 PartB ......................................................................................................................................................................2 1. IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .........................2 1.1. Name and other identifiers of the substance ............................................................................................2 1.2. Composition of the substance ..................................................................................................................2 1.3. Physico-chemical properties ....................................................................................................................3 2

. MANUFACTURE AND USES ......................................................................................................................4 2.1. Manufacture .............................................................................................................................................4 2.2. Identified uses ..........................................................................................................................................5 2.3. Uses advised against ................................................................................................................................5 3. CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING .......................................................................................................5 3.1. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS ..............................................................................5 3.2. Classification and labelling according to DSD / DPD .............................................................................7 3.2.1. Classification and labelling in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC ....................................................7 3.2.2. Self classification(s) ..........................................................................................................................8 3.2.3. Other classification(s) .......................................................................................................................9 4. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROPERTIES ...................................................................................................9 4.1. Degradation ..............................................................................................................................................9 4.1.1. Abiotic degradation ...........................................................................................................................9 4.1.1.1. Hydrolysis ......................................:...........................................................................................9 4.1.1.2. Phototi•ansformation/photolysis .................................................................................................9 4.1.1.2.1. Phototransformation in air ...................................................................................................9 4.1.1.2.2. Phototransformation in water ..............................................................................................9 4.1.1.2.3. Phototransformation in soi1 .................................................................................................9 4.1.2. Biodegradation

................................................................................................................................ 10 4.1.2.1. Biodegradation in water

........................................................................................................... 10 4.1.2.1.1. Estimated data

................................................................................................................... 10 4.1.2.1.2. Screening tests

.................................................................................................................. 10 4.1.2.1.3. Simulation tests (water and sediments)

............................................................................. 10 4.1.2.1.4. Summary and discussion of biodegradation in water and sediment

.................................. 10 4.1.2.2. Biodegradation in soil

.............................................................................................................. 10 4.1.3. Summary and discussion of degradation

......................................................................................... 10 4.2. Environmental distribution

.................................................................................................................... 11 4.2.1. Adsorption/desorption

..................................................................................................................... 11 4.2.2. Volatilisation

................................................................................................................................... ll 4.2.3. Distribution modelling

.................................................................................................................... 11 4.2.4. Summary and discussion of envii•onmental distribution

................................................................. 11 4.3. Bioaccumulation

.................................................................................................................................... 11 4.3.1. Aquatic bioaccumulation

................................................................................................................ 11 4.3.2. Terrestrial bioaccumulation ............................................................................................................11 4.3.3. Summary and discussion of bioaccumulation .................................................................................12 4.4. Secondary poisoning ..............................................................................................................................12 5. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT ..........................................................................................12 5.1. Toxicokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination) .................................................12 5.1.1. Non-human information

.................................................................................................................. 12 5.1.2. Human information

......................................................................................................................... 12 5.1.3. Summary and discussion of toxicokinetics

..................................................................................... 12 5.2. Acute toxicity .............................................:........................................................................................... 13 5.2.1. Non-human information

.................................................................................................................. 13 5.2.1.1. Acute toxicity: oral

.................................................................................................................. 13 5.2.1.2. Acute toxicity: inhalation

......................................................................................................... 13 5.2.1.3. Acute toxicity: dermal

.............................................................................................................. 13 5.2.1.4. Acute toxicity: other routes

...................................................................................................... 14

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## 0 0 NEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 5.2.2. Human information

......................................................................................................................... 14 5.2.3. Summary and discussion of acute toxicity

...................................................................................... 14 5.3. IiTitation

................................................................................................................................................. 14 5.3.1. Skin .................................................................................................................................................14 5.3.1.1. Non-human information

........................................................................................................... 14 5.3.1.2. Human information

.................................................................................................................. 15 5.3.2. Eye ..................................................................................................................................................15 5.3.2.1. Non-human information

........................................................................................................... 15 5.3.2.2. Human information

.................................................................................................................. 15 5.3.3. Respiratory tract

.............................................................................................................................. 16 5.3.3.1. Non-human information

........................................................................................................... 16 5.3.3.2. Human information

.................................................................................................................. 16 5.3.4. Summary and discussion of ii

- ritation .............................................................................................16 5.4. Corrosivity

............................................................................................................................................. 16 5.4.1. Non-human information

.................................................................................................................. 16 5.4.2. Human information

......................................................................................................................... 16 5.4.3. Summary and discussion of corrosion

............................................................................................ 16 5.5. Sensitisation

........................................................................................................................................... 16 5.5.1. Skin .................................................................................................................................................16 5.5.1.1. Non-human information

........................................................................................................... 16 5.5.1.2. Human information

.................................................................................................................. 17 5.5.2. Respiratory system

.......................................................................................................................... 17 5.5.2.1. Non-human information

........................................................................................................... 17 5.5.2.2. Human information

.................................................................................................................. 17 5.5.3. Summary and discussion of sensitisation

........................................................................................ 17 5.6. Repeated dose toxicity ...........................................................................................................................17 5.6.1. Non-human information ..................................................................................................................17 5.6.1.1. Repeated dose toxicity: oral

..................................................................................................... 17 5.6.1.2. Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation

........................................................................................... 17 5.6.1.3. Repeated dose toxicity: dermal

................................................................................................ 18 5.6.1.4. Repeated dose toxicity: other routes

........................................................................................ 18 5.6.2. Human information

......................................................................................................................... 18 5.6.3. Summary and discussion of repeated dose toxicity

........................................................................ 19 5.7. Mutagenicity

.......................................................................................................................................... 19 5.7.1. Non-human information

.................................................................................................................. 19 5.7.1.1. In vitro data

.............................................................................................................................. 19 5.7.1.2. In vivo data

.............................................................................................................................. 21 5.7.2. Human information .........................................................................................................................21 5.7.3. Summar•y and discussion of mutagenicity

....................................................................................... 21 5.8. Carcinogenicity ......................................................................................................................................21 5.8.1. Non-human information ..................................................................................................................21 5.8.1.1. Carcinogenicity: oral ................................................................................................................21 5.8.1.2. Carcinogenicity: inhalation ......................................................................................................21 5.8.1.3. Carcinogenicity: dermal ...........................................................................................................21 5.8.1.4. Carcinogenicity: other routes

................................................................................................... 21 5.8.2. Human information .........................................................................................................................21 5.8.3. Summary and discussion of carcinogenicity

................................................................................... 21 5.9. Toxicity for reproduction .......................................................................................................................21 5.9.1. Effects on fertility ...........................................................................................................................22 5.9.1.1. Non-human information ...........................................................................................................22 5.9.1.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................23 5.9.2. Developmental toxicity ...................................................................................................................23 5.9.2.1. Non-human information ...........................................................................................................23 5.9.2.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................23 5.9.3. Summary and discussion of reproductive toxicity

.......................................................................... 23 5.10. Other effects

......................................................................................................................................... 23 5.10.1. Non-human information ................................................................................................................23 5.10.1.1. Neurotoxicity

......................................................................................................................... 24 5.10.1.2. I mmunotox icity

...................................................................................................................... 24 5.10.1.3. Specific investigations: other studies

..................................................................................... 24

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT iiiEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 5.10.2. Human information .......................................................................................................................24 5.10.3. Summary and discussion of specific investigations ......................................................................24 5.11. Derivation of DNEL(s) / DMEL(s)

...................................................................................................... 24 5.1 l.l. Overview of typical dose descriptor•s for all endpoints .................................................................24 5.11.2. Selection ofthe critical DNEL(s)/DMEL(s) and/or qualitative/semi-quantitative descriptor for criticalhealth effects .................................................................................................................................27 6. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ....................33 6.1. Explosivity .............................................................................................................................................33 6.2. Flammability ..........................................................................................................................................34 6.3. Oxidising potential

................................................................................................................................. 35 7. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................36 7.1. Aquatic compartment (including sediment) ...........................................................................................36 7.1.1. Toxicity test results

......................................................................................................................... 36 7.1.1.1. Fish ...........................................................................................................................................36 7.1.1.1.1. Short-term toxicity to fish

................................................................................................. 36 7.1.1.1.2. Long-term toxicity to fish

................................................................................................. 36 7.1.1.2. Aquatic invertebrates

............................................................................................................... 37 7.1.1.2.1. Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

...................................................................... 37 7.1.1.2.2. Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

...................................................................... 37 7.1.1.3. Algae and aquatic plants

.......................................................................................................... 37 7.1.1.4. Sediment organisms .................................................................................................................38 7.1.1.5. Other aquatic organisms ...........................................................................................................38 7.1.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)

............................................................ 38 7.1.2.1. PNEC water

............................................................................................................................. 38 7.1.2.2. PNEC sediment ........................................................................................................................38 7.2. Tei

- restrial compartment .........................................................................................................................38 7.2.1. Toxicity test results .........................................................................................................................38 7.2.1.1. Toxicity to soil macro-organisms

............................................................................................. 39 7.2.1.2. Toxicity to terrestrial plants

..................................................................................................... 39 7.2.1.3. Toxicity to soil micro-organisms

............................................................................................. 39 7.2.1.4. Toxicity to other terrestrial organisms

..................................................................................... 39 7.2.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC soil) .....................................................40 7.3. Atmospheric compartment .....................................................................................................................40 7.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems

.......................................................................... 40 7.4.1. Toxicity to aquatic micro-organisms ..............................................................................................40 7.4.2. PNEC for sewage treatment plant ...................................................................................................40 7.5. Non compartment specific effects relevant for the food chain (secondary poisoning) ..........................40 7.5.1. Toxicity to birds ..............................................................................................................................41 7.5.2. Toxicity to mammals

...................................................................................................................... 41 7.5.3. Calculation of PNECoral (secondary poisoning) ............................................................................41 7.6. Conclusion on the environmental hazard assessment and on classification and labelling .....................41 8. PBT AND VPVB ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................................................41 8.1. Assessment of PBT/vPvB Pr•operties .....................................................................................................41 8.1. l. Summary and overall conclusions on PBT or vPvB properties

...................................................... 41 8.1.2. PBT/vPvB criteria and justification ................................................................................................41 8.2. Emission Characterisation .....................................................................................................................42 9

. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................42 9.1. (Title of Exposure scenario 1)

................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.1.1. Exposm•e scenario

........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned. 9.1.2. Exposure estimation

........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.2. (Title of Exposure scenario 2)

................................................................ Error! Bookmark not deBned. 9.2.1. Exposure scenario

........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned. 9.2.2. Exposure estimation

........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not detined. 10. RISK CHARACTERISATION ..................................................................................................................42 10.1. (Title of exposure scenario 1)

.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.1.1. Human health

................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not deBned. 10.1.1.1. Workers

.................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not def ned. 10.1.1.2. Consumers

............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not deBned. 10.1.1.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment

................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.1.2. Environment

.................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT ivEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 10.1.2.1. Aquatic compartment (incl. sediment)

................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned.

10.1.2.2. Terrestrial compartment

......................................................... Error! Bookmark not deBned. 10.1.2.3. Atmospheric compartment

..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.1.2.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems........... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.2. (Title of exposure scenario 2)

.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.3. Overall exposure (combined for all relevant emission/release sources)

............. Error! Bookmark not deBned. 10.3.1. Human health (combined for all exposure routes)

........................ Ei•ror! Bookmark not defined. 10.3.2. Environment (combined for all emission sources)

........................ Er-ror! Bookmark not defined. REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................................43

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORTEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9


# List of Tables Tablel. Substance identity .....................................................................................................................................2 Table2. Constituents

.............................................................................................................................................. 3 Table3. Impurities ..................................................................................................................................................3 Table 4. Overview of physico-chemical properties

................................................................................................ 3 Table 5. Ovei•view of quantities (in tonnes/year) ....................................................................................................4 Table 6. Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC criteria .......................................................................8 Table 7. Overview of studies on adsoi

- ption/desorption

........................................................................................ 11 Table 8. Overview of experimental studies on absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination

................. 12 Table 9. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after oral administration ........................................13 Table 10. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after inhalation exposure

..................................... 13 Table 11. Overview of experimental studies on skin irritation

............................................................................. 14 Table 12. Overview of experimental studies on eye irritation ..............................................................................15 Table 13. Overview of experimental studies on skin sensitisation .......................................................................16 Table 14. Overview of experimental studies on repeated dose toxicity after oral administration ........................17 Table 15. Overview of experimental in vitro genotoxicity studies .......................................................................19 Table 16. Overview of experimental studies on fertility

..................................................................................... 22 Table 17. Available dose-descriptor(s) per endpoint for the submission substance as a result of its hazard assessment............................................................................................................................................................25 Table 18. DN(M)ELs for workers ........................................................................................................................28 Table 19. DN(M)ELs for the general population

.................................................................................................. 31 Table 20. Overview of information on explosivity ...............................................................................................33 Table 21. Overview of information on flammability ............................................................................................34 Table 22. Overview of information on oxidising potential

................................................................................... 35 Table 23. Overview of short-term effects on fish

................................................................................................. 36 Table 24. Overview of shoi

- t-term effects on aquatic invertebrates

...................................................................... 37 Table 25. Overview of effects on algae and aquatic plants

................................................................................... 37 Table26. PNEC water

.......................................................................................................................................... 38 Table27. PNEC sediment

..................................................................................................................................... 38 Table28. PNEC soil .............................................................................................................................................40 Table 29. Overview of effects on micro-organisms ..............................................................................................40 Table 30. PNEC sewage treatment plant ..............................................................................................................40 Table31. PNEC ora1 .............................................................................................................................................41

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT viEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 

# Part 

# A 1. SUMMARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES The substance is not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of the Directive 67/548/EEC or the CLP Regulation 1272/2008/EC. Specific Risk Management Measures are therefore not required. Nevertheless, the exposure of workers during and after normal operations should be minimized by the use of good industrial hygiene practice, the general measures necessary for safety and health protection of workers (article 6 of Directive 89/391/EC) and the reduce-to-a-miniumum principle (article 6 of Chemical Agents Directive 98/24/EC).


# 2. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE IMPLEMENTED The substance is not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of the Directive 67/548/EEC or the CLP Regulation 1272/2008/EC and therefore the specific Risk Management Measures are not required.


# 3. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE COMMUNICATED
The substance is not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of the Directive 67/548/EEC or the CLP Regulation 1272/2008/EC and therefore the specific Risk Management Measures are not required. Guidance on safe use is communicated to downstream users by means of the safety data sheet.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORTEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9



# 1. IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1.1. Name and other identifiers of the substance
The substance Iron lithium phosphate is a mono constituent substance (origin: inorganic) having the following characteristics and physical—chemical properties (see the IUCLID dataset for further details). The following public name is used: LiFePO4. Table 1. Substance identity
EC number: 476-700-9 CAS number: 15365-14-7 CAS name: Phosphoric acid, iron(2+) lithium salt (1:1:1) IUPAC name: IS•on lithium phosphate Molecular formula: Hill formula: LiFePO4 CAS formula: LiFePO4 Molecular weight range: 1 

### 57.0

Structural formula:



# N


# Fe + 0

1.2. Composition of the substance

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 2EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Name: 476-700-9 Description: View of the authority with regard to the publication of the trade name / IUPAC name - Notclassified substances: C. The trade name only for an indefrnite period for reasons of commercial secrecy (nondangerous substances) ELINCS chemical name: EEC num... Degree of purity: >= 90.0 —< 100.0 %(w/w) Table 2. Constituents
Constituent Typical concentration Concentration range Remarks Iron lithium phosphate 93.0 %(w/w) >= 90.0 —< 100.0 % (w/w) EC no.: 476-700-9 Table 3. Impurities Impurity Typical concentration Concentration range Remarks Phosphoric acid, trilithium 7.0 %(w/w) 0.0 —< 10.0 %(w/w) salt EC no.: 233-823-0


## 1.3. Physico-chemical properties Table 4. Overview of physico-chemical properties Property Results Value used for CSA / Discussion Physical state at solid 20 ° C and 1013 hPa Form: powdery with lumps Colour: grau (grey)

Data waivintz
Information requirement: Surface tension Reason: study scientifically unjustified Justification: As the water solubilty of the substance is below 1 mg/L at 20 °C, the test does not need to be conducted.

Information requir•ement: Flash point Reason: study technically not feasible Justification: The flash point study applies only to liquid substances. The flash point cannot be determined of solid substances.

Information requirement: Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products Reason: study scientifically unjustified

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 3EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Justification: The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic.

Information requirement: Dissociation constant Reason: study scientifically unjustified Justification: Dissociation constant is not relevant for the substance an sich. The ionisable component of importance for dissociation is PO4(3-). pKa values for phosphoric acid are 2.15, 7.2 and 12.35

Information requirement: Viscosity Reason: study scientifically unjustified Justificatioii: The substance is a powder. Viscosity is not applicable on solids.

~ r ~ • ~ Quantities

# 3. CLASSIFICATI®N AND LABELLING

3.1. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS

Name• LiFePO4 Implementation: EU State/form of the substance: powder Classification

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORTEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 The substance is classified as follows: • for physical-chemical properties:
Explosives: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Flammable gases: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Flammable aerosols: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Oxidising gases: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Gases under Reason for no classification: data lacking pressure: Flammable liquids: Reason for no classification: data lacking
Flammable solids: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Self-reacting Reason for no classification: data lacking substances and mixtures: Pyrophoric liquids: Reason for no classification: data lacking Pyrophoric solids: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Self-heating Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification substances and mixtures:
Substances and Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification mixtures which in contact with water emits flammable gases: Oxidising liquids: Reason for no classification: data lacking Oxidising solids: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Organic peroxides: Reason for no classification: data lacking Corrosive to metals: Reason for no classification: data lacking

• for health hazards:
Acute toxicity - oral: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Acute toxicity - Reason for no classification: data lacking dermal:

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 6EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9
Acute toxicity - Reason for no classification: conclusive but not suf$cient for classification inhalation:
Skin Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification corrosion/irritation: Serious damage/eye Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification ii

- ritation: Respiration Reason for no classification: data lacking sensitization:
Skin sensitation: Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Aspiration hazard: Reason for no classification: 

### data lacking Reproductive Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification Toxicity: Reproductive Reason for no classification: data lacking Toxicity: Effects on or via lactation:
Germ ce11 Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for ciassification mutagenicity: Carcinogenicity: Reason for no classification: data lacking Specific target organ Reason for no classification: data lacking toxicity - single: Specific target organ Reason for no classification: data lacking toxicity - repeated: • for environmental hazards

Hazards to the Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification aquatic environment:
Hazardous to the Reason for no classification: data lacking atmospheric environment: Labelling Signal word: No signal word



## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.2. Classification and labelling according to DSD / DPD 3.2.1. Classification and labelling in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 7EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 

### 3.2.2. Self classification(s)

Chemical name: LiFePO4 Remarks: The substance was not classified based on the final Lead Competent Autority proposal NONS Table 6. Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC criteria Endpoints Classification Reason for no Justification for classification (non) classification

can be found in section Explosiveness conclusive but not 6.1 sufficient for classification Oxidising properties conclusive but not 6.3 sufficient for classification Flammability conclusive but not 6.2 sufficient for classification Thei

- mal stability data lacking Acute toxicity conclusive but not 5.2 sufficient for classification Acute toxicity- irreversible conclusive but not 5.2 damage after single sufficient for exposure classification Repeated dose toxicity conclusive but not 5.6 sufficient for classification Irritation / Corrosion conclusive but not 5.3.4 and 5.4.3 sufficient for classification Sensitisation conclusive but not 5.5.3 sufficient for classification Carcinogenicity data lacking 5.8.3 Mutagenicity - Genetic conclusive but not 5.7.3 Toxicity sufficient for classification Toxicity to reproduction- conclusive but not 5.9.3 fertility sufficient for classification Toxicity to reproduction- conclusive but not 5.9.3 development sufficient for classification Toxicity to reproduction - data lacking 5.9.3 breastfed babies Environment conclusive but not 7.6 sufficient for classification

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORTEC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9



### 3.2.3. Other classification(s)


# 4. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROPERTIES General discussion of environmental fate and pathways: Hydrolysis: The study is scientifically unjustified based on the nature of the substance (an inorganic salt with a very low solubility in water (< 1 mg/L) Biodegradation: The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic. Adsorption/desorption: The log Koc of the test substance was calculated to be > 0.56 based on the value of logPow. This value however is not considered to be of relevance because the ""substance as such"" is not considered to adsorb. 

## 4.1. Degradation 4.1.1. Abiotic degradation 4.1.1.1. Hydrolysis Data waiving

Reason: study scientifically unjustified Justification: The study is scientifically unjustified based on the nature of the substance (an inorganic salt with a very low solubility in water (< 1 mg/L))

4.1.1.2. Phototransformation/photolysis 4.1.1.2.1. Phototransformation in air Not available 4.1.1.2.2. Phototransformation in water Not available 4.1.1.2.3. Phototransformation in soil Not available

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 9EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9


### 4.1.2. Biodegradation 4.1.2.1. Biodegradation in water 4.1.2.1.1. Estimated data Not available 4.1.2.1.2. Screening tests Data waivinE

Reason: study scientifically unjustified Justification: The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic.

4.1.2.1.3. Simulation tests (water and sediments) Data waiving

Reason: study scientifically unjustified Justification: The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic.

4.1.2.1.4. Summary and discussion of biodegradation in water and sediment Discussion (screening testing) Not applicable. Discussion (simulation testing) Not applicable. 4.1.2.2. Biodegradation in soil Data waivinE

Reason: study scientifically unjustified Justification: The substance is an inorganic salt. The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic.



### 4.1.3. Summary and discussion of degradation Abiotic de2radation study scientifically unjustified

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 10EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Biotic deeradation study scientifically unjustified


## 4.2. Environmental distribution
4.2.1. Adsorption/desorption The studies on adsorption/desorption are summarised in the following table: Table 7. Overview of studies on adsorption/desorption
Metliod Results Remarks Reference Teclmical Guidance document in Adsorption coefficient: 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff support of Commission Directive log Koc: > 0.56 restriction) (2007a) 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for new notified substances and key study Commission Regulation (EC) 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for (Q)SAR existing substances. Part III Use of (Q)SARs, p.532-543 Test naterial (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate



### 4.2.2. Volatilisation Not available. 

### 4.2.3. Distribution modelling Not available. 

### 4.2.4. Summary and discussion of environmental distribution Not applicable. 

## 4.3. Bioaccumulation 4.3.1. Aquatic bioaccumulation Data waivinE

Reason: exposure considerations Justification: The production and use of the test substance (see sections 3.5 and 3.7) does not lead to direct and indirect exposure of the aquatic compartment.



### 4.3.2. Terrestrial bioaccumulation

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 11EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Not available. 

### 4.3.3. Summary and discussion of bioaccumulation Aguatic bioaccumulation Exposure waiver considerations Terrestrial bioaccumulation Not available. 

## 4.4. Secondary poisoning The PNECoral is 0.33 mg/kg food (see CSR chapter 7.5.3 "Calculation of PNECoral (secondary poisoning) ". Interpretation of the available data with regard to the potential to bio-accumulate in the food chain: 

# 5. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT
5.1. Toxicokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination) 5.1.1. Non-human information The results of experimental studies on absorption, metabolism, distribution and eiimination are summarised in the following table: Table 8. Overview of experimental studies on absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination
Method Results Remarks Reference not applicable Ir. J.M. Cardinaals

(2007) key study theoretical approach Test material (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate



### 5.1.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.1.3. Summary and discussion of toxicokinetics For risk assessment pui

- poses the following absorption factors were derived: oral absorption factor: 10% dermal absorption factor: 10% inhalation absoi

- ption factor: 10%

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 12EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 

## 5.2. Acute toxicity 5.2.1. Non-human information 5.2.1.1. Acute toxicity: oral The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: Table 9. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after oral administration
Method Results Remarks Reference other: rat, Wistar strain Cr1:WI LD50: > 2000 mg/kg bw 1(reliable without Drs. A.H.B.M. van female (female) restriction) Huygevoort (2006a) oral: gavage key study 2004/73/EG, B.1 tris (Akute- experimental result toxische-Klassen-Methode); OECD 423 (2001) Test material (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate

5.2.1.2. Acute toxicity: inhalation The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: Table 10. Overview of experimental studies on acute toxicity after inhalation exposure
Method Results Remarks Reference other: rat, Wistar Crl: WI LC50 (4 h): > 3.2 mg/L air 1(reliable without Drs. P.J.M. male/female (male/female) restriction) Janssen (2007) 92/69/EWG, B.2; OECD 403 key study experimental result Test material (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate

5.2.1.3. Acute toxicity: dermal Data waiving

Reason: other justifrcation Justification: Test not performed. Based on the nature of the substance (powder with lumps), the most likely route of exposure is inhalation.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 13EC number: Li FePO4 476-700-9 5.2.1.4. Acute toxicity: other routes Not available 

### 5.2.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.2.3. Summary and discussion of acute toxicity Assessment of acute oral toxicity with LiFePO4 in the rat according to OECD 423 revealed no signs of toxicity. The LD50 cut-off value was considered to exceed 5000 mg/kg bw. Assessment of acute inhalatory toxicity with with LiFePO4 in the rat according to OECD 403 revealed no signs of toxicity. The inhalatory LC50, 4h value of the test substance in Wistar rats was established to exceed 3.2 mg/1, the highest concentration regarded technically attainable. Although the target concentration was not obtained, based on the absence of mortality, clinical signs and macroscopic changes, the LC50,4h value of the test substance was considered likely to exceed 5 mg/1. 

## 5.3. Irritation 5.3.1. Skin 5.3.1.1. Non-human information The results of experimental studies on skin irritation are summarised in the following table: Table 11. Overview of experimental studies on skin irritation
Method Results Remarks Reference rbt, New Zealand White not classified 1(reliable without Drs. A.H.B.M. van restriction) Huygevoort Coverage: semiocclusive Erythema score: (2006b) 0(animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time key study 2004/73/EG, B.4; OECD point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 404 (2002) experimental result 0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Test material 0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time (IUPAC name): point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Iron lithium phosphate of max. 1(Max. duration: 24 d; Max. value at end of observation period: 0 (related to all animals)) Edema score: 0 (animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) of max. 0(Max. duration: d; Max. value at end of observation period: 0 (related to all animals))

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 14EC numbei° LiFePO4 476-700-9 5.3.1.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.3.2. Eye 5.3.2.1. Non-human information The results of experimental studies on eye irritation are summarised in the following table: Table 12. Overview of experimental studies on eye irritation
Method Results Remarks Reference rbt, New Zealand White not classified 1(reliable without Drs. A.H.B.M. van restriction) Huygevoort (2006) 2004/73/EG, B.5; OECD Cornea score: 405 (2002) 0(animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time key study point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) experimental result 0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Test material 0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time (IUPAC name): point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Iron lithium phosphate Iris score: 0 (animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 0 (animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) 0 (animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) Conjunctivae score: 0.3 of max. 1(animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) (fully reversible within: 48 h) 0 of max. 1(animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) (fully reversible within: 24h) 0.3 of max. 1(animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) (fully r•eversible within: 48 h) Chemosis score: 0 of max. 1(animal #1 (mean score 1)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) (fully reversible within: 24 h) 0 of max. 1(animal #2 (mean score 2)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) (fully reversible within: 24h) 0 of max. 1(animal #3 (mean score 3)) (Time point: overall at 24, 48 and 72 h) (fu11y reversible within: 24 h)

5.3.2.2. Human information

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 15EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Not available


### 5.3.3. Respiratory tract 5.3.3.1. Non-human information Not available 5.3.3.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.3.4. Summary and discussion of irritation In vivo skin and eye irritation tests in New Zealand White rabbits revealed no iiTitation potential of the substance. 

## 5.4. Corrosivity 5.4.1. Non-human information The substance is not corrosive based on information fi•om 5.3.4


### 5.4.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.4.3. Summary and discussion of corrosion The substance is not corrosive based on information from 5.3.4


## 5.5. Sensitisation 5.5.1. Skin 5.5.1.1. Non-human information The results of experimental studies on skin sensitisation are summarised in the following table: Tabte 13. Overview of experimental studies on skin sensitisation
Method Results Remarks Reference mouse (CBA) female not sensitising 1(reliable Drs. A.H.B.M. without van Huygevoort Local lymph node assay Stimulation index: The SI values restriction) (2006c) calculated for the substance OECD Guideline 429 (Skin concentrations 10, 25 and 50% were 1.4, key study Sensitisation: Local Lymph 2.5 and 2.0 respectively. Node Assay) experimental result EU Method B.42 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Test material Node Assay) (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 16EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9

5.5.1.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.5.2. Respiratory system 5.5.2.1. Non-human information Not available 5.5.2.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.5.3. Summary and discussion of sensitisation Assessment of the sensitising potential of LiFePO4 according to OECD 429 to CBA rats revealed that the substance was not sensitizing. 

## 5.6. Repeated dose toxicity 5.6.1. Non-human information 5.6.1.1. Repeated dose toxicity: oral The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: Table 14. Overview of experimental studies on repeated dose toxicity after oral administration
Method Results Remarks Reference other: rat, Wistar Crl:(WI)BR NOAEL: 150 mg/kg bw/day 1(reliable without Drs. F.M. van male/female (nominal) (original NCD unit restriction) Otterdijk (2008) is mg/kg/day.) subacute (oral: gavage) key study Exposure: Test duration: 28 days experimental result (Dosing regime: 7 days/week) Test material 96/54/EWG, B.7; OECD 407 (IUPAC name): Iron lithium 

### phosphate

5.6.1.2. Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation Data waiving
Information requirement (Test type): Reason: exposure considerations Justification: As the substance is not classified, no exposure assessment and risk assessment needs to be performed. Consumer exposure is not assumed relevant as the consumers use is restricted to the sealed Li-batteries without exposure/contact to the substance. As environmental release during the whole life-cycle of the substance is assumed to be nihil, also indirect exposure of consumers via the environment is not regarded as a relevant route.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 17EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 For present use/application, only worker exposure at the start of the Li-ion battery production site is anticipated. Workers can be exposed to the Carbon-coated LiFePO4 for introduction into the cathode slurry. These activities are performed under controiled conditions with use of ventilation and PPE (which are also needed for working with organic solvents of the cathode slui

- ry, including safety clothing, gloves and aspiration system). The above protective measures result in negligible exposure to the substance as such. The repeated dose DNEL inhalation for systemic effects for workers was calculated to be 1.63 mg/m^3, based on the NOAEC derived fi•om the oral NOAEL from the reproduction screening study in rats by means of route to route extrapolation. This DNEL sets the limit of exposure in which safety is assumed for the worker. If in the future exposure by the inhalation route will become more relevant due to additional uses/applications of the substance, a repeated dose inhalation toxicity study could be considered in case exposure by this route appears to be critical, and refinement of the DNEL's is required. Based on the above and taking into account animal welfare reasons, it is considered unethical to perform a sub-chronic inhalation toxicity study.

5.6.1.3. Repeated dose toxicity: dermal Data waiving
Information requirement (Test type): Reason: exposure considerations Justification: As the substance is not classified, no exposure assessment and risk assessment needs to be performed. Consumer exposure is not assumed relevant as the consumers use is restricted to the sealed Li-batteries without exposure/contact to the substance. As environmental release during the whole life-cycle of the substance is assumed to be nihil, also indirect exposure of consumers via the environment is not regarded as a relevant route. For present uses/applications, only worker exposure at the start of the Li-ion battery production site is anticipated. Workers can be exposed to the Carbon-coated LiFePO4 for introduction into the cathode slurry. These activities are performed under controlled conditions with use of ventilation and PPE (which are also needed for working with organic solvents of the cathode slurry, including safety clothing, gloves and aspiration system). The above protective measures result in negligible exposure to the substance as such. The long term DNEL dermal for systemic effects for workers was calculated to be 0.93 mg/kg bw/day, based on the oral NOAEL fi•om the reproduction screening study in rats by means of route-to-route extrapolation. This DNEL sets the limit of exposure in which safety is assumed for the worker. If in the future exposure by the dermal route will become more relevant due to additional uses/applications of the substance, a repeated dose dermal toxicity study could be considered in case exposure by this route appears to be critical, and refinement of the DNEL's is requir•ed. Based on the above and taking into account animal welfare reasons, it is considered unethical to perform a repeated dose dermal toxicity study.

5.6.1.4. Repeated dose toxicity: other routes Not available 

### 5.6.2. Human information Not available

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 18EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 

### 5.6.3. Summary and discussion of repeated dose toxicity Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study with LiFePO4 by daily gavage in the rat: Severe test substance-related effects were observed at 650 mg/kg bw/d. All animals receiving 650 mg/kg bw/d were prematurely sacrificed in the first week of treatment due to a poor clinical condition. Moribundity of these animals was considered to be due to cachexia. This was supported by necropsy observations and microscopic findings consisting of an emaciated appearance, severe body weight loss, reduced organ weights, and atrophic changes in various organs. Most of the animals showed squamous hyperplasia of the limiting ridge of the stomach, tubular degeneration of the cos•tex/medulla of the kidneys, which along with increased urea, creatinine and chloride levels suggest a specific toxic effect of the test substance on the kidneys. At 350 mg/kg bw/d, a multitude of clianges was measured in the blood including increased urea, creatinine and potassium levels, and reduced total protein, cholesterol and sodium levels. Some of these findings were also noted at 50 and 150 mg/kg bw/d, but without a clear dose-response relationship. These changes were not supported by any histopathological findings. At the end of recovery reduced choiesterol levels and increased potassium levels in males at 350 mg/kg bw/d, and reduced sodium Ievels in females were still present. At microscopy hyperplasia of the limiting ridge of the stomach and multifocal vacuolation in the zona vasciculata of the adrenal glands were observed in animals receiving 350 mg/kg bw/d. Some of these changes remained present at the end of the recovery period. At 50 and 150 mg/kg bw/d, the few alterations in the blood parameters were consisted not to represent evidence of organ dysfunction, were generally not part of a clear dose-response relationship and occurred without morphological abnormalities. Therefore, 150 mg/kg bw/d is considered to be the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for the test substance in animals of both sexes. 

## 5.7. Mutagenicity 5.7.1. Non-hurnan information 5.7.1.1. In vitro data The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: Table 15. Overview of experimental in vitro genotoxicity studies
Method Results Remarks Reference bacterial reverse mutation assay Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without Drs. B.P.C. van (e.g. Ames test) (gene mutation) iiegative with metabolic restriction) Sikkelerus (2006) bacteria, other: sat TA 98, 100, activation key study 1535, 1537; WP2uvrA negative without metabolic activation experimental result Doses: Concentration range in the main test (with metabolic Test results: Test material activation): 10

... 5000 μg/plate for as specified (IUPAC name): Iron lithium

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 19EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9
Method Results Remarks Reference Concentration range in the main above(preliminary test); met. phosphate test (without metabolic act.: with; cytotoxicity: yes (> activation): 10

... 5000 μg/plate 5000 μg/plate) for as specified 200/32/EG, B.13, B.14 (Ames- above(preliminary test); met. Test); OECD 471 act.: without; cytotoxicity: yes (> 5000 μg/plate) for as specified above(main test); met. act.: with; cytotoxicity: yes (> 5000 μg/plate) for as specified above(main test); met. act.: without; cytotoxicity: yes (> 5000 μg/plate) mammalian cell gene mutation Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without C.M. Verspeekassay (gene mutation) negative restriction) Rip (2009) mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells Test results: key study (met. act.: with and without) negative for mouse lymphoma experimental result Doses: Dose range finding test: L5178Y cells(strain/cell type: Without and with S9-mix, 3 L5178Y/TK+/--3.7.2C); met. Test material hours treatment: 0.3, l, 1, 10 and act.: with and without; (IUPAC name): 100 μg/ml cytotoxicity: no, but tested up Iron lithium to precipitating concentrations phosphate Without S9-mix, 24 hours treatment: 0.3, 1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml Experiment 1: Without and with S9-mix, 3 hours treatment: 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 μg/ml Experiment 2 Without S9-mix, 24 hours treatment: 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 100 μg/ml With S9-mix, 3 hours treatment: 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 pg/ml OECD Guideline 476 (In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test) EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity

- In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test) in vitro mammalian cytogenicity Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without Drs. C.A.F. (B10) (chromosome aberration) negative with metabolic restriction) Buskens (2006) mammalian cell line, other: activation key study Cultured peripheral human negative without metabolic lymphocytes activation experimental result Doses: Concentration range in Test results: Test material

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 20EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9
Method Results Remarks Reference the main test (with metabolic for as specified (IUPAC nanie): activation): 3... 33 μg/ml above(preliminary test); met. Iron lithium Concentration range in the main act.: with; cytotoxicity: yes (> phosphate test (without metabolic 33 μg/ml) activation): 3... 33 μg/ml for as specified 2000/32/EG, B.10 (Sauger above(preliminary test); met. zytogenetischer in vitro-Test); act.: without; cytotoxicity: yes OECD 473 (> 33 μg/ml) for as specified above(main test); met. act.: with; cytotoxicity: yes (> 33 μg/ml) for as specified above(main test); met. act.: without; cytotoxicity: yes (> 330 μg/ml)

5.7.1.2. In vivo data Not available 

### 5.7.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.7.3. Summary and discussion of mutagenicity Based on the availbaie data, the test substance is not mutagenic noi• clastogenic. 

## 5.8. Carcinogenicity 5.8.1. Non-human information 5.8.1.1. Carcinogenicity: oral Not available 5.8.1.2. Carcinogenicity: inhalation Not available 5.8.1.3. Carcinogenicity: dermal Not available 5.8.1.4. Carcinogenicity: other routes Not available 

### 5.8.2. Human information Not available


### 5.8.3. Summary and discussion of carcinogenicity Not available 

## 5.9. Toxicity for reproduction

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 21EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 

### 5.9.1. Effects on fertility 5.9.1.1. Non-human information The results of experimental studies are summarised in the following table: Table 16. Overview of experimental studies on fertility
Method Results Remarks Reference rat (Wistas•) male/female NOAEL (Parental) (P): 100 1(reliable witllout h•. M.H.M. van mg/kg bw/day (male/female) restriction) Tuyl (2010) screening based on: test mat. (At 350 mg/kg body weight/day, key study oral: gavage parental toxicity consisted of mortality (two males), clinical experimental result 0, 30, 100 and 350 mg/kg (actual signs (hunched posture and ingested) piloerection in all males and Test material Exposure: Males were exposed for one female) reduced body , (IUPAC name):

Iron lithium 28 da s, i.e. 2 weeks rior to matin y p g ' weight gain, slightly reduced food consumption during the Phosphate during mating, and up to first two weeks of treatment termination. Females were exposed and increased water for 41-52 days, i.e. during 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, consumption. during post-coitum, and during at No toxicologicaiiy significant least 4 days of Iactation. (Daily, 7 changes were noted in any of days a week.) the remaining parental parameters investigated in this OECD Guideline 421 (Reproduction study (i.e. macroscopic / Developmental Toxicity Screening examination, organ weights, Test) and microscopic examination). No parental toxicity was observed at 30 and 100 mg/kg/day.) NOAEL (Reproductive) (P): >= 350 mg/kg bw/day (male/female) based on: test mat. (No reproductive toxicity was observed at any dose level.) NOAEL (Developinental) (Fl): 100 mg/kg bw/day (male/female) based on: test mat. (At 350 mg/kg/day, developmental toxicity consisted of a slightly decreased numbei• of living pups at first litter check, increased postnatal loss and decreased viability index. Gestation index, duration of gestation, number of dead pups at first litter check, sex ratio, and early postnatal pup development (clinical signs, body weight and external macroscopy) were unaffected.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 22EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9
Method Results Remarks Reference No developmental toxicity was observed at 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day.)

5.9.1.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.9.2. Developmental toxicity 5.9.2.1. Non-human information Data waivinE

Reason: exposure considerations Justification: As the substance is not classified, no exposure assessment and risk assessment needs to be performed. Consumer exposure is not assumed relevant as the consumers use is restricted to the sealed Li-batteries without exposure/contact to the substance. As environinental release during the whole life-cycle of the substance is assumed to be nihil, also indirect exposure of consumers via the environment is not regarded as a relevant route. For present use/application, only worker exposure at the stai

- t of the Li-ion battery production site is anticipated. Workers can be exposed to the Carbon-coated LiFePO4 for introduction into the cathode sluil

- y. These activities are performed under controlled conditions with use of ventilation and PPE (which are also needed for working with organic solvents of the cathode slurry, including safety clothing, gloves and aspiration system). The above protective measures result in negligible exposure to the substance as such. In the repro/developmental screening test, neither effects were seen on the reproductive organs or tissues, nor developmental effects in absence of maternal toxicity was observed. The long term DNEL dermal and inhalation for systemic effects for workers was calculated to be 0.93 mg/kg bw/day and 1.63 mg/m^3, respectively, both based on the oral NOAEL from the reproduction screening study in rats by means of route-to-route extrapolation. These DNELs set the limit of exposure in whicll safety is assumed for the worker. Based on the above and taking into account animal welfare reasons, it is considered unethical to perform a 2- generation study.

5.9.2.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.9.3. Summary and discussion of reproductive toxicity OECD 421 test: Treatment with Lithium Iron Phosphate by oral gavage in rnale and female Wistar Han rats at dose levels of 30, 100 and 350 mg/kg body weight/day revealed parental and developmental toxicity at 350 mg/kg body weight/day. No reproductive toxicity was observed for treatment up to 350 mg/kg body weight/day.



## 5.10. Other effects 5.10.1. Non-human information

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 23EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 5.10.1.1. Neurotoxicity Not available 5.10.1.2. Immunotoxicity Not available 5.10.1.3. Specific investigatioiis: other studies Not available 

### 5.10.2. Human information Not available 

### 5.10.3. Summary and discussion of specific investigations Not available 

## 5.11. Derivation of DNEL(s) / DMEL(s) 5.11.1. Overview of typical dose descriptors for all endpoints

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 24d'

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2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 27

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None. EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 30EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9

Discussion None. 

# 6. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 6.1. Explosivity The available information on explosivity is summarised in the following table: Table 20. Overview of information on explosivity
Method Results Remarks Reference EU Method A.14 Evaluation of results: non explosive 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff (Explosive properties) restriction) (2007a) (Body responsible: Study results: NOTOX SAFETY & Explosive under influence of flame: no key study ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B.V. More sensitive to shock than m- statement 5203 DL'S- dinitrobenzene: no HERTOGENBOSCH) More sensitive to friction than m- Test material dinitrobenzene: no (IUPAC name): Iron lithium Remarks: phosphate Statement: Using LiFePO a as molecular formula and 157.76 g/mol as molecular weight, theoxygen balance for the major component was calculated to be 41 %. This is >-200% and therefore within the region where there may be a potential for explodability. However, there are no plosophores (bond groupings known to give explosive properties) or auxoploses (explosive enhancing groups) present in the structure. The relatively high oxygen balance is considered due to the presence of a phosphate group in the molecule. Overall consideration of the properties does not suggest a risk of explodability.

Classification accordinE to GHS Name: Iron lithium phosphate State/form of the substance: powder Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Classification according to DSD / DPD

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHElV1ICAL SAFETY REPORT 33EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (LiFePO4) Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

## 6.2. Flammability The available information on flammability is summarised in the following table: Table 21. Overview of infor•mation on flammability
Method Results Remarks Reference 92/69/EWG,A.10 Evaluation of results: 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff (Body responsible: non flammable restriction) (2007b) NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL Study results: key study RESEARCH B.V. 5203 DL 'S- Ignition on contact with air: no experimental result HERTOGENBOSCH) Burning time (s): 8 Test material 92/69/EWG, A.12 Remarks: (IUPAC name): (Body responsible: Iron lithium NOTOX SAFETY & A.10: The flame of a gas burner could not phosphate ENVIRONMENTAL ignite the test substance pile. In contact RESEARCH B.V, with the flame, the test substance glowed 5203 DL 'S- and turned black and orange. After removal HERTOGENBOSCH) of the ignition source, glowing stopped after 8 seconds and no propagation of 92/69/EWG, A.13 combustion (e.g. by smouldering) was (Body responsible: observed. NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL Because no burning with flame or RESEARCH B.V. smouldering over 200 mm within 4 minutes 5203 DL'S- was observed,Lithium iron phosphateis HERTOGENBOSCH) considered not highly flammable.

A.12: No spontaneous ignition took place in any step of the test procedure and there was no evolution of (flammable) gas. In conclusion, Lithium iron phosphate is not highly flammable in contact with water. A.13:In none of the six tests, spontaneous ignition of the test substance occurred during dropping fi•om about 1 meter height or within five minutes of settling.

Extremely flammable (Meth A9/A2): N Highly flammable: N Pyrophoric substance (A13): N Highly flammable solid (A10): N Highly flammable liquid (A9): N Highly flammable gas (A11): N In contact with water substance liberates highly flammable gases (Al2): N Flammable (A9): N

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 34EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Data waiving: see CSR section 1.3 Physico-chemical properties.

Classification accordinE to GHS Name: Iron lithium phosphate State/form of the substance: powder Reason for no classification (Flammable gases): conclusive but not sufficient for classification Reason for no classification (Flammable aerosols): conclusive but not sufficient for classification Reason for no classification (Flammable liquids): data lacking Reason for no classification (Flammable solids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification

Classification accordine to DSD / DPD Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (LiFePO4) Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

## 6.3. Oxidising potential The available information on the oxidising potential is summarised in the following table: Table 22. Overview of information on oxidising potential
Method Results Remarks Reference Contact with: Evaluation of results: no oxidising 1(reliable without Dr. K.A. Oudhoff powdered cellulose (< properties restriction) (2007a) 2 min) maximum burning rate of reference key study 92/69/EWG, A.17 mixture: 0.6 mm/s experimental result Remarks: Test material The test substance/cellulose mixtures at the (IUPAC name): ratios 10/90 to 60/40 (w/w) burned with a Iron lithiunr blue flame (height 5 mm). The flame pliosphate stopped after burning a short part of the initial distance of the pile. The test substance/cellulose mixtures at 70/30 to 90/10 (w/w) could not be ignited.

Since burning of the test substance/cellulose mixtures after iniitiation stopped quickly and the reference mixtures did burn over the whole reaction zone it was concluded that the test substance has no oxidizing propei

- ties in the sense that it cannot sustain a reaction with ceilulose at a burning i•ate higher than that of a reference mixture or stimulate combustion of cellulose tluough a mechanism as found characteristic for substances having oxidizing properties. No further tests were performed.
Classification according to GHS

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 35EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9
Name: Iron lithium phosphate State/form of the substance: powder Reason for no ciassification (Oxidising gases): conclusive but not sufficient for classification Reason for no classification (Oxidising liquids): data lacking Reason for no classification (Oxidising solids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification

Classification accordinE to DSD / DPD Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (LiFePO4) Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

# 7. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT 7.1. Aquatic compartment (including sediment) 7.1.1. Toxicity test results 7.1.1.1. Fish 7.1.1.1.1. Short-term toxicity to fish The results are summarised in the following table: Table 23. Overview of short-term effects on fish
Method Results Remarks Reference Cyprinus carpi.o (Karpfern) LC50 (24 h): > 28 mg/L 1(reliable without Ing. M.H.J. element (Li) (meas. restriction) Migchielsen freshwater (initial)) (2007a) key study semi-static LC50 (48 h): > 28 mg/L element (Li) (meas. experimental result 92/69/EWG, C.l; OECD 203 siehe (initial)) Bemerkung Test material LC50 (72 h): > 28 mg/L (IUPAC name): element (Li) (meas. Iron lithium (initial)) phosphate LC50 (96 h): > 28 mg/L element (Li) (meas. (initial))

7.1.1.1.2. Long-term toxicity to fish Data waivinlz

Reason: exposure considerations Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or indirect exposure of the aquatic environment is anticipated. In addition, no effects were seen in the short-term fish study at the expected maximum soluble concentration in test medium. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the long-terrn fish toxicity study.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 36EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9

7.1.1.2. Aquatic invertebrates 7.1.1.2.1. Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates The results are summarised in the foliowing table: Table 24. Overview of short-term effects on aquatic invertebrates
Method Results Remarks Reference other agiiati.c crustacea: DM EC50 (24 h): > 28 mg/L 1(reliable without Ing. M.H.J. element (Li) (meas. restriction) Migchielsen fi•eshwater (initial)) based on: mobility (2007b) key study static EC50 (48 h): > 28 mg/L element (Li) (meas. experimental result 92/69/EWG, C.2; OECD 202 (siehe (initiai)) based on: mobility Bemei•kung) Test material (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate

7.1.1.2.2. Long-terni toxicity to aquatic invertebrates Data waivinE

Reason: exposure considerations Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or indirect exposure of the aquatic environment is anticipated. In addition, no effects were seen in the short-tei•m Daphnia study at the expected maximum soluble concentration in test medium. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the long-term Daphnia toxicity study.

7.1.1.3. Algae and aquatic plants The results are summarised in the following table: Table 25. Overview of effects on algae and aquatic plants
Method Results Remarks Reference Selenastrnm capricorniitttna, strazn: EC50 (72 h): > 24 mg/L 1(reliable without Ing. M.H.J. NIVA CHL I(Algen) (algae) element (Li) (meas. restriction) Migchielsen (initial)) based on: growth (2007c) 92/69/EWG, C.3; OECD 201 (siehe rate key study Bemerkung) NOEC (72 h): >= 24 mg/L experimental result element (Li) (meas.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 37EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9
Method Results Remarks Reference (initial)) based on: growth rate Test material (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate

7.1.1.4. Sediment organisms Not available 7.1.1.5. Other aquatic organisms Not available 

### 7.1.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) 7.1.2.1. PNEC water

Table 26. PNEC water
PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification

factor No PNEC freshwater can be derived as no fixed values were available

for any of the acute ecotox studies. No effects were seen up to the expected maximum solubility concentration. No PNEC marine water can be derived as no fixed values were available for any of the acute ecotox studies. No effects were seen up to the expected maximum solubility concentration. No PNEC aqua intermittent relese can be derived as no fixed values were available for any of the acute ecotox studies. No effects were seen up to the expected maximum solubility concentration.

7.1.2.2. PNEC sediment

Table 27. PNEC sediment
PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification

factor No PNEC sediment (fi•eshwater) can be derived due to the absence of a

PNEC freshwater. No PNEC sediment (marine water) can be derived due to the absence of a PNEC marine water.



## 7.2. Terrestrial compartment 7.2.1. Toxicity test results

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 38EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 7.2.1.1. Toxicity to soil macro-organisms Data waivinp_
Information requirement: Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods Reason: exposure considerations Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or indirect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to soil macroorganisms.

Information requirement: Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods Reason: exposure considerations Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or indirect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to terestrial arthropods.

7.2.1.2. Toxicity to terrestrial plants Data waiving

Reason: exposure considerations Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or indirect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to terestrial plants.

7.2.1.3. Toxicity to soil micro-organisms Data waiving

Reason: exposure considerations Justification: Due to the production and use process of the test substance (see section 3.5 and 3.7), no direct or indir•ect exposure of the soil environment is anticipated. Furthermore, as the substance is not classified, no full CSA needs to be performed. Based on the above, it is considered valid to waive the toxicity study to soil microorganisms.

7.2.1.4. Toxicity to other terrestrial organisms

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 39EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 Not available



### 7.2.2. Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC soil)

Table 28. PNEC soil
PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification

factor The PNEC soil could not be derived due to the absence of a fi•eshwater

PNEC.



## 7.3. Atmospheric compartment
Not available 

## 7.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems 7.4.1. Toxicity to aquatic micro-organisms The results are summarised in the following table: Table 29. Overview of effects on micro-organisms
Method Results Remarks Reference activated sludge of a predominantly NOEC (3 h): 100 mg/L test 1(reliable without Ir. L.M. Bouwman domestic sewage mat. (nominal) based on: restriction) (2007) respiration rate fi

- eshwater key study IC50 (3 h): > 100 mg/L test aerobic mat. (nominal) based on: experimental result respiration rate OECD 209 (siehe Bemerkung) Test material (IUPAC name): Iron lithium phosphate


### 7.4.2. PNEC for sewage treatment plant

Table 30. PN'EC sewage treatment plant
Value Assessment Remarks/Justification

factor PNEC STP: 10 mg/L 10 Extrapolation method: assessment factor Based on the NOEC of 100 mg/L and Table R.10-6



## 7.5. Non compartment specific effects relevant for the food chain

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 40EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 

## (secondary poisoning) 7.5.1. Toxicity to birds Not available 

### 7.5.2. Toxicity to mammals Not available 

### 7.5.3. Calculation of PNECoral (secondary poisoning) Table 31. PNEC oral
PNEC Assessment Remarks/Justification

factor PNEC oral: 0.33 300 The PNEC oral is derived based on the NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d from mg/kg food the reproduction/developmental screening study and an assessment factor of 300 (Table R.10-13).



## 7.6. Conclusion on the environmental hazard assessment and on classification and labelling
Environmental classification iustification No classification for the environment required.


# 8. PBT AND VPVB ASSESSMENT
8.1. Assessment of PBT/vPvB Properties
8.1.1. Summary and overall conclusions on PBT or vPvB properties The screening criteria for Toxicity are not met. Evaluation of B and P is not possible due to the character of the substance.


### 8.1.2. PBT/vPvB criteria aiid justification

PBT/vPvB assessment: - the screening criteria for Toxicity (T) are not met. - the character of the substance (inorganic salt) and its related lack of information (biodegradability) or inconclusive information (LogKow) does not allow for evaluation of Persistency (P) and Bioaccumulation (B). The evidence based upon which the substance could be considered as not B(Appendix R.11-1):

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 41EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 the measured octanol solubility (mg/L) < 0.002 mmol/L x MW (g/mol) was not met (octanol solubility was determined to be 3.67 mg/L)


## 8.2. Emission Characterisation
Not available


# 9. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT Since LiFePO4 does not meet the criteria for classification as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC and is not considered to be a PBT or vPvB substance, exposure assessment is not required.


# 10. RISK CHARACTERISATION

Since LiFePO4 does not meet the criteria for classification as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC and is not considered to be a PBT or vPvB substance, risk characterization is not required.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 42EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 

# REFERENCES
C. M. Verspeek-Rip (2009). Evaluation of the mutagenic activity of Lithium Iron Phosphate in an in vitro mammalian ceil gene mutation test with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (with independent repeat). Testing laboratoiy: NOTOX B. V., `s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 491837. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2009-10-19. Dr. K. A. Oudhoff (2007a). DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467729. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-27. Dr. K. A. Oudhoff (2007b). DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467729. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-28. Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006). ACUTE EYE IRRITATION/CORROSION STUDY WITH LITIIIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE RABBIT. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467933. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-12-13. Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006a). ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY WITH LITIIIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE RAT (ACUTE TOXIC CLASS METHOD). Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467909. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-12-13. Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006b). PRIMARY SKIN IRRITATION/CORROSION STUDY WITH LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE RABBIT (4-HOUR SEMI-OCCLUSIVE APPLICATION). Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467922. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006- 12-13. Drs. A. H. B. M. van Huygevoort (2006c). ASSESSMENT OF CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY TO LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE MOUSE (LOCAL LYMPH NODE ASSAY). Testing laboratory: NOTOX B. V., `s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 467944. Owner• company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-12-13. Drs. B. P. C. van Sikkelerus (2006). EVALUATION OF THE MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM REVERSE MUTATION ASSAY AND THE ESCHERICHIA COLI REVERSE MUTATION ASSAY (WITH INDEPENDENT REPEAT). Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467977. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006- 08-23. Drs. C. A. F. Buskens (2006). EVALUATION OF THE ABILITY OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE TO INDUCE CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN CULTURED PERIPHERAL HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES (WITH REPEAT EXPERIMENT). Testing labor•atory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467988. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherviile, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-10-24. Drs. F. M. van Otterdijk (2008). REPEATED DOSE 28-DAY ORAL TOXICITY STUDY WITH LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE BY DAILY GAVAGE IN THE RAT FOLLOWED BY A 14-DAY RECOVERYPERIOD. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'SHERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467955. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2008-01-17. Drs. P. J. M. Janssen (2007). ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE INHALATORY TOXICITY WITH LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE IN THE RAT. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 43EC number: LiFePO4 476-700-9 V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467911. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-05-15. Ing. M. H. J. Migchielsen (2007a). 96-HOUR ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY IN CARP WITH LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE (STATIC). Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 467999. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-21. Ing. M. H. J. Migchielsen (2007b). ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY IN DAPHNIA MAGNA WITH LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE (STATIC). Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL 'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 468001. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-21. Ing. M. H. J. Migchielsen (2007c). FRESH WATER ALGAL GROWTH INHIBITION TEST WITH LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 468012. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-02-27. Ir. J. M. Cardinaals (2007). Toxicokinetic Assessment of Lithium Iron Phosphate. Testing laboratory: NOTOX B. V., 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 468056. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2007-11-28. Ir. L. M. Bouwman (2007). ACTIVATED SLUDGE RESPIRATION INHIBITION TEST WITH LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE. Testing laboratory: NOTOX SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH B. V. 5203 DL'S-HERTOGENBOSCH. Report no.: 468023. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Boucherville, Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2006-11-22. h

- . M. H. M. van Tuyl (2010). A reproducti on/devel op mental toxicity screening test of Lithium Iron Phosphate in rats by oral gavage. Testing laboratory: NOTOX BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 491836. Owner company: Phostech Lithium Inc., Quebec, Canada. Report date: 2010-03-01.

2010-10-07 CSR-PI-5.2.6 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 44