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Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2022						Print
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										Return to Main MenuRisk FactorsOn This Page
			HighlightsMedical ConditionsCongregate SettingsSubstance UseData TablesRisk FactorsHighlightsSome people are at greater risk of TB disease compared with others. CDC analyzes selected factors that increase a person’s risk of becoming infected with TB bacteria or developing TB disease if infected.Medical ConditionsPeople with medical conditions that weaken the immune system are at higher risk of developing TB disease if infected.
**Diabetes mellitus**
TB disease is a serious health threat, especially for persons with diabetes.
In 2022, diabetes mellitus was the most commonly reported medical risk factor among persons with TB disease (about one-quarter). More non-U.S.–born persons (26.9%) reported having diabetes mellitus compared with U.S.-born persons (17.1%).
**Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)**
TB Incidence Rates by Origin of Birth, United States, 2011–2020View LargerCloseTB Incidence Rates by Origin of Birth, United States, 2011–2020Download Image[PNG]
Coinfection with HIV is a major risk factor for persons with latent TB infection to develop TB disease.
Among persons with TB disease during 2022 who were alive at diagnosis and had documented HIV results, 4.3% had HIV coinfection.
During 2022, 7.2% of persons aged 25–44 years and 5.3% of persons aged 45–64 years had HIV coinfection, among persons with TB disease during 2022 who were alive at diagnosis and had documented HIV results.Congregate SettingsTB bacteria spread through the air from one person to another. Many congregate settings have shared airspaces and poor ventilation, which can increase a person’s exposure to TB bacteria and enable the spread of TB bacteria. People experiencing homelessness also face challenges accessing medical care that can delay diagnosis and disrupt treatment.
**Residents of long-term care facilities**
During 2022, 1.8% of persons 15 years of age or older were residents of a long-term care facility at the time of TB diagnosis compared with 1.5% in 2021.
**People experiencing homelessness**
Among persons 15 years of age or older with TB disease during 2022, 5.0% reported experiencing homelessness within the 12 months prior to TB diagnosis compared with 4.5% in 2021.Substance UsePercentage of TB Cases,* by Initial Drug Regimen, United States, 2020 (N=7,174)View LargerClosePercentage of TB Cases,* by Initial Drug Regimen, United States, 2020 (N=7,174)Download Image[PNG]
Substance use is also a risk factor for TB disease. It can have physiological effects that increase a person’s risk for TB but is often a proxy for other epidemiologically important factors that increase exposure to TB. Substance use can also present a barrier to TB diagnosis and treatment, which increases a person’s infectiousness and the risk of spreading TB to others.
During 2022, the most commonly reported types of substance use among persons 15 years of age or older with TB disease were
Excess alcohol use, 9.1%
Noninjecting drug use, 7.2%
Injecting drug use, 1.0%Learn more in the Executive Commentary.Data Tables
Open All Close AllTB Risk FactorsNon-HIV Medical Risk Factors: 2022
TB Characteristics in wgMLSType Clusters: 2020–2022
TB Among Persons with HIV Coinfection: 2011–2022
TB by Non-HIV Medical Risk Factors and Reporting Area: 2022
TB by Social Risk Factors and Reporting Area: 2022Top of Page
							
					
							Last Reviewed:  November 15, 2023						Source: 	Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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        Syndicate homeTuberculosisBasic TB Factsplus iconHow TB SpreadsLatent TB Infection and TB DiseaseSigns & SymptomsTB Risk FactorsExposure to TBTB PreventionVaccinesTB & HIV CoinfectionTB and DiabetesTB TermsPersonal StoriesTesting & Diagnosisplus iconWho Should be TestedTesting for TB InfectionTesting in BCG-Vaccinated PersonsTB Screening and Testing of Health Care PersonnelTesting During PregnancyDiagnosing latent TB infection and TB diseaseTreatmentplus iconDeciding When to Treat Latent TB InfectionTreatment Regimens for Latent TB Infection (LTBI)Treatment for TB DiseaseAdverse EventsTB Treatment of Persons Living with HIVTB Treatment and PregnancyTB Treatment for ChildrenFrequently Asked QuestionsDrug-Resistant TBResearchplus iconTB Epidemiologic Studies Consortiumplus iconResearch ProjectsPublicationsTB Trials Consortiumplus iconStudy DescriptionsBackgroundBehavioral & Social Science ResearchHealth Care Settingsplus iconTB Infection Control in Health Care SettingsResources for TB Screening and Testing of Health Care Personnelplus iconFrequently Asked QuestionsTB in Specific Populationsplus iconHealth DisparitiesAsian PersonsBlack or African American PersonsHispanic or Latino PersonsChildrenPregnancyCorrectional FacilitiesPeople Experiencing HomelessnessInternational TravelersLaboratory Informationplus iconDrug Susceptibility TestingFalse-Positive Investigation ToolkitInterim Laboratory Biosafety Guidance for XDR  tuberculosis strainsModel Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP)Rapid Molecular Testing to Detect Drug-Resistant TB in the USplus iconExecutive SummaryIntroductionBackground on Tests for Molecular Detection of DRGeneral Considerations and Principles for a Molecular DR Testing ServicePossible Scenarios and Scope of Testing for a Molecular DR Testing ServiceResearch NeedsGeneral Recommendations of the Expert PanelCommunication Plan for the ReportRecommendationsReferencesPanel Members and CDC ParticipantsAppendix 1Appendix 2Appendix 3The Uses of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for the Diagnosis of TBplus iconGeneral ConsiderationsGeneral Recommendations of the Expert PanelRecommendations to ACET, CDC, DTBEData & Statisticsplus iconTB Incidence in the United StatesReported TB in the US, 2022 Surveillance Reportplus iconNational DataReporting Area DataRisk FactorsDemographicsTB Treatment and Case OutcomesDrug-Resistant TBMolecular SurveillanceTuberculosis in the United States, 2022 (Slide Set)Archived Surveillance Reports and Slide Sets2021 State and City ReportArchived State and City ReportsProfessional Resources & Toolsplus iconTools for Healthcare ProvidersResources for TB Programsplus iconStrengthening Civil Surgeons’ Capacity to Improve LTBI Surveillance and Outcomes Among Status AdjustersNotice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO)Program EvaluationTB Centers of ExcellenceTB Elimination AllianceTB Genotypingplus iconConventional TB GenotypingWhole Genome SequencingTB GIMSAnalytic ToolsLatent Tuberculosis Infection ResourcesPublications & Productsplus iconPatient and Public MaterialsFact SheetsGuidelinesplus iconControl & EliminationDrug-Resistant TBInfection Control & PreventionLaboratory & GenotypingTB & HIVTB in Specific PopulationsTesting & DiagnosisTreatmentVaccines & ImmunizationsArchived TB GuidelinesGuides & Toolkitsplus iconAggregate ReportsCDC TB Surveillance TrainingCore CurriculumEffective TB Interviewing for Contact InvestigationEthnographic GuidesFalse-Positive Investigation ToolkitForging Partnerships to Eliminate TuberculosisGuide to Application of GenotypingLTBI: A Guide for Primary Health Care ProvidersMantoux Tuberculin Skin Testing ProductsReport of Verified Case of Tuberculosis (RVCT)Self-Study ModulesTB Contact Investigation Interviewing Skills CourseTB eDOT ToolkitUnderstanding the TB Cohort Review ProcessNewslettersplus iconTB Notes, No. 4, 2023TB Notes, No. 3, 2023TB Notes. No. 2, 2023TB Notes. No. 1, 2023TB Notes, No. 4, 2022TB Notes, No. 3, 2022TB Notes, No. 2, 2022TB Notes, No. 1, 2022TB Notes, No. 4, 2021TB Notes, No. 3, 2021TB Notes, No. 2, 2021TB Notes, No. 1, 2021Pamphlets, Brochures, Bookletsplus iconQuestions and AnswersPatient Education SeriesTuberculosis - Get the FactsTuberculosis - The Connection between TB and HIV12-Dose Regimen for Latent TB Infection-Patient Education BrochurePostersplus iconMantoux Tuberculin Skin Test Wall ChartWorld TB DayThink TBStop TBTake on TBReports & Articlesplus iconDTBE Authored Journal ArticlesTuberculosis Laboratory Aggregate ReportsSlide Setsplus iconIntroduction to TuberculosisEpidemiology of Tuberculosis Among Non-U.S.​–Born Persons in the United States, 1993–2016Self-Study Modules on Tuberculosis, 1-5 Slide SetsThe Tuberculosis (TB) in Correctional Settingsplus iconFacilitator GuideIntroduction to TB GenotypingEpidemiology of Tuberculosis in Correctional Facilities, United States, 1993-2017Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Correctional and Detention FacilitiesGuidelines for Preventing the Transmission of M. TB in Health care SettingsInvestigation of Contacts of Persons with Infectious TBEpidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the United StatesTargeted Tuberculosis Testing and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis InfectionElectronic Tools & ResourcesWeb-Based Courses & Webinarsplus iconTB 101 for Health Care WorkersContent SyndicationInfographicsplus iconSocial Media GraphicsCustomizable Take on TB Infographic with InstructionsEventsWorld TB Dayplus iconU.S. TB ChampionsHistoryFeaturesplus iconTB Risk FactorsTreating Latent TB Infection with Short-Course RegimensWorld Tuberculosis (TB) Day 2021World Tuberculosis (TB) Day 2020Linksplus iconState TB Control OfficesAbout Usplus iconMission Statement and Activitiesplus iconDTBE Strategic PlanNational TB Program ObjectivesOrganization ChartAdvisory Groupsplus iconFederal TB Task Force To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: Email Address			What's this?				Submit


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