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Guide to the Application of Genotyping to Tuberculosis Prevention and Control										Related Pages
										**Appendix B: References and Useful Resources**
**NTGSN Special Issue References**
In response to the increase in the number of reported tuberculosis cases in the United States, CDC funded regional laboratories to provide genotyping services to support TB prevention and control programs in outbreak investigations and to conduct studies on using genotyping in TB epidemiology and control. This network was expanded to include sentinel surveillance sampling in 1996 when CDC established the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network (NTGSN) as a 5-year project. NTGSN comprised CDC and seven laboratories and seven sentinel surveillance sites in the United States. Sentinel surveillance sites included the states of Arkansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey and six counties in California (Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Solano); and four counties in Texas (Dallas, Tarrant, Cameron, and Hidalgo). The November 2002 special issue of *Emerging Infectious Diseases* contains the following reports of the studies resulting from the NTGSN. The special issue of the journal is available at http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/8/11/table-of-contents.
Navin TR, McNabb SJN, Crawford, JT. The continued threat of tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1187.
Castro KG, Jaffe HW. Rationale and methods for the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1188-91.
Crawford JT, Braden R, Schable BA, Onorato IM. National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network: design and methods. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1192-5.
Ellis BA, Crawford JT, Braden CR, et al. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in a sentinel surveillance population. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1197-209.
Braden CR, Crawford JT, Schable BA. Quality assessment of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* genotyping in a large laboratory network. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1210-5.
Sun SJ, Bennett DE, Flood J, Loeffler AM, Kammerer S, Ellis BA. Identifying the sources of tuberculosis in young children: a multistate investigation. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1216-23.
Bennett DE, Onorato IM, Ellis BA, et al. DNA fingerprinting of *Mycobacterium tuberuclosis* isolates from**epidemiologically linked case pairs*.* Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1224-9.
Munsiff SS, Bassoff T, Nivin B, et al. Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, New York City, 1995-1997. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1230-8.
Sharnprapai S, Miller AC, Suruki R, et al. Genotyping analyses of tuberculosis cases in U.S.- and foreign-born Massachusetts residents. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1239-45.
Dillaha JA, Zhenhua Y, Ijaz K, et al. Transmission of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* in a rural community, Arkansas, 1945-2000. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1246-8.
Latha M, Mukasa LN, Hooepr N, et al. Cross-jurisdictional transmission of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* in Maryland and Washington, D.C., 1996-2000 linked to the homeless. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1249-51.
McElroy PD, Sterling TR, Driver CR, et al. Use of DNA fingerprinting to investigate a multiyear, multistate tuberculosis outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1251-8.
Ijaz K, Yang Z, Matthews S, Bates JH, Cave MD. *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* transmission between cluster members with similar fingerprint patterns. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1257-9.
Northrus JM, Miller AC, Nardell E, et al. Estimated costs of false laboratory diagnoses of tuberculosis in three patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1264-70.
Cronin, WA, Golub JE, Lathan MJ, et al. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in a low- to moderate-incidence state: are contact investigations enough? Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1271-9.
Kong P, Tapy J, Calixto P, et al. Skin-test screening and tuberculosis transmission among the homeless. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1280-4.
Miller AC, Sharnprapai S, Suruki R, Corkren E, Nardell EA, Driscoll JR. Impact of genotyping of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* on public health practice in Massachusetts. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1285-9.
Oh P, Granich R, Scott J, et al. Human exposure following *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan zoo. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1290-3.
Cowan LS, Crawford JT. Genotype analysis of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* isolates from a sentinel surveillance population. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1294-1302.
Lok KH, Benjamin WH, Kimerling ME, et al. Molecular typing of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* strains with a common two-band IS*6110* pattern. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1303-5.
Driscoll JR, Bifani PJ, Mathema B, et al. Spoligologos: a bioinformatic approach to displaying and analyzing *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* data. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1306-9.
Lok KH, Benjamin WH, Kimerling ME, et al. Molecular differentiation of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* strains without IS*6110* insertions. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1310-3.
McNabb SJN, Braden CR, Navin TR. DNA fingerprinting of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*: Lessons learned and implications for the future. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1314-9.
Drobniewski F, Balabanova Y, Ruddy M, et al. Rifampin- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Russian civilians and prison inmates: Dominance of the Beijing strain family. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1320-6.
Garcia-Garcia ML, Ponce-de-Leon A, Garcia-Sancho MC, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Palacios-Martinez M, Fuentes J. Tuberculosis-related deaths within a well-functioning DOTS control program. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1327-33.
Drake WP, Pei Z, Pride DT, Collins RD, Cover TL, Blaser MJ. Molecular analysis of sarcoidosis tissues for *Mycobacterium* species DNA. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1334-41.
Hughes AL, Friedman R, Murray M. Genomewide pattern of synonymous nucleotide substitution in two complete genomes of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1342-6.
Filliol I, Driscoll JR, Soolingen D, et al. Global distribution of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* spoligotypes. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1347-9.
Miltgen, J, Morillon M, Koeck JL, et al. Two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* subsp. *Canetti*. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1350-2.
Morens DM. At the deathbed of consumptive art. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1353-8.K
							
					
						Page last reviewed:  December 12, 2014					Content source: 	Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention homeGuide to the Application of Genotyping to Tuberculosis Prevention and Control
Acknowledgments
Introduction to Tuberculosis Genotypingplus icon
Introduction to this Guide
Overview of Tuberculosis Genotyping
Overview of the CDC Tuberculosis Genotyping Program
TB Program Eligibility and Application Procedures
Tuberculosis Genotyping Case Studiesplus icon
Investigation of a Genotyping Cluster in a Low-Incidence State
Apparent Genotyping Cluster among Recent Immigrants from the Philippines
False-Positive Culture Investigation
Algorithm to Detect False-Positive Cultures
A Misdiagnosis that was Identified with Genotyping
Genotyping Used to Improve Contact and Cluster Investigations
Identification of Nontraditional Transmission Settings
Investigation of a Multistate Tuberculosis Outbreak
Homeless Shelter Outbreak Investigation
Using Genotyping to Evaluate the Impact of a Screening Program
CDC Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory Proceduresplus icon
Science behind Tuberculosis Genotyping
Description of Genotyping Methods
Submission of Isolates
Genotyping Results, Designation of Clusters, and Reporting
Suspected False-Positive Cultures
IS*6110*-based RFLP Analysis
Combining Genotyping and Epidemiologic Data to Improve Our Understanding of TB Transmissionplus icon
Definitions
Reading the Genotyping Laboratory Report
Comparing Genotyping and Epidemiologic Results from Two TB Patients
Comparing Genotyping and Epidemiologic Results from Three or More TB Patients
Clustering as a Surrogate Measure of Recent Transmission
Developing a Tuberculosis Genotyping Programplus icon
Developing a Written Plan
Initial Decisions
Establishing Procedures for:plus icon
Submitting Isolates
Receiving and Acting on Genotyping Results
Requesting RFLP Analysis
Submitting Additional Isolates from the Same Patient
Comparing Genotyping Results between Jurisdictions
False-Positive Cultures
Database Management and Quality Control
Special Issues
Applying Genotyping Results to Tuberculosis Control Practicesplus icon
Evaluating Matching Genotypes
Evaluating Nonmatching Genotypes
Suspected False-Positive Culture Investigations
Expanded Contact Investigations
Outbreak Investigations
Cluster Investigations
Monitoring Trends
Appendicesplus icon
Appendix A: Glossary and Abbreviations
Appendix B: References and Useful Resourcesplus icon
References Cited in the Guide
NTGSN Special Issue References
Information on Packaging and Shipping Infectious Substances
Core Steps of an Outbreak Investigation
Consultants Available to Offer Guidance To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: Email Address			What's this?				Submit


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