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Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever


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Factsheet: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever pdf icon[PDF – 158 KB]
Bengali pdf icon[PDF – 334 KB]
Hindi pdf icon[PDF – 336 KB]
Urdu pdf icon[PDF – 392 KB]
Factsheet: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever for healthcare professionals pdf icon[PDF – 534 KB]
Bengali pdf icon[PDF – 708 KB]
Hindi pdf icon[PDF – 711 KB]
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Poster: Protect yourself from typhoid fever when traveling abroad pdf icon[PDF – 3.4 MB]
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Hindi pdf icon[PDF – 5 MB]
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CDC Travelers’ Health: Typhoid Fever
Yellow Book: Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever
Typhoid ACIP Vaccine Recommendations
Video: Recognition and Management of Drug-Resistant Typhoid Feverexternal icon
*Salmonella* Typhi and Antibiotic Resistance pdf icon[PDF – 516 KB]Publications
**Extensively drug-resistant typhoid fever in the United States.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Hughes MJ, Birhane MG, Dorough L, Reynolds JL, Caidi H, Tagg KA, et al. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Nov; 8(12).
**Update on Extensively Drug-Resistant *Salmonella* Serotype Typhi Infections Among Travelers to or from Pakistan and Report of Ceftriaxone-Resistant *Salmonella* Serotype Typhi Infections Among Travelers to Iraq — United States, 2018–2019.** MMWRexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Francois Watkins LK, Winstead A, Appiah GD, Friedman CR, Medalla F, Hughes MJ, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 May 22; 69(20): p. 618–22.
**Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019.** PDF pdf icon[22.1 MB]
Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019.
**Emergence of extensively drug-resistant *Salmonella* Typhi infections among travelers to or from Pakistan — United States, 2016–2018.** MMWR PubMedexternal icon
Chatham-Stephens K, Medalla F, Hughes M, Appiah GD, Aubert RD, Caidi H, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Jan 11; 68(1): p. 11–13.
**Changing patterns in enteric fever incidence and increasing antibiotic resistance of enteric fever isolates in the United States, 2008–2012.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon PMCexternal icon
Date KA, Newton AE, Medalla F, Blackstock A, Richardson L, McCullough A, Mintz ED, Mahon BE. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 April 18; 63(3): p. 322–29.
***Salmonella enterica* Paratyphi A infections in travelers returning from Cambodia, United States [letter].** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon PMCexternal icon
Judd MC, Grass JE, Mintz ED, Bicknese A, Mahon BE. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Jun; 21(6): p. 1089–91.
**Typhoid fever acquired in the United States, 1999–2010: epidemiology, microbiology, and use of a space-time scan statistic for outbreak detection.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon PMCexternal icon
Imanishi M, Newton AE, Vieira AR, Gonzalez-Aviles G, Kendall Scott ME, et al. Epidemiol Infect. 2015 Aug; 143(11): p. 2343–54.
**Updated recommendations for the use of the typhoid vaccine—advisory committee on immunization practices, United States, 2015.** MMWR PubMedexternal icon
Jackson BR, Iqbal S, Mahon B. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Mar; 64(11): p. 305–308.
**Effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in US travelers.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon PMCexternal icon
Mahon BE, Newton AE, Mintz ED. 2014 Jun; 32(29): p. 3577–79.
**Typhoid fever outbreak associated with frozen mamey pulp imported from Guatemala to the western United States, 2010.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Loharikar A, Newton A, Rowley P, Charlotte W, Bruno T, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jul; 55(1): p. 61–66.
**Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid Fever.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon PMCexternal icon
Crump JA, Mintz ED. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jan; 50(2): p. 241–46.
**Typhoid fever in the United States and antibiotic choice [reply].** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Lynch MF, Mintz ED. JAMA. 2010 Jan; 303(1): p. 34–35.
**Typhoid fever in the United States, 1999–2006.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Lynch MF, Blanton EM, Bulens S, Polyak C, Vojdani J, et al. JAMA. 2009 Aug; 302(8): p. 859–65.
**Clinical value of Tubex and Typhidot rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever in an urban community clinic in Bangladesh.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Naheed A, Ram PK, Brooks WA, Mintz ED, Hossain MA, et al. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008 Aug; 61(4): p 381–86.
**Laboratory-based surveillance of paratyphoid fever in the United States: travel and antimicrobial resistance.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Gupta SK, Medalla F, Omondi MW, Whichard JM, Fields PI, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun; 46(11): p. 1656–63
**Population-based surveillance of typhoid fever in Egypt.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Srikantiah P, Girgis FY, Luby SP, Jennings G, Wasfy MO, et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Jan; 74(1): p. 114–19.
**Typhoid fever in travelers: who should be targeted for prevention?** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Steinberg EB, Bishop R, Haber P, Dempsey AF, Hoekstra RM, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jul; 39(2): p. 186–91.
**Sexual transmission of typhoid fever: a multistate outbreak among men who have sex with men.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon
Reller ME, Olsen SJ, Kressel AB, Moon TD, Kubota KA, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jul; 37(1): p. 141–44.
**Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries.** DOIexternal icon PubMedexternal icon PMCexternal icon
Crump JA, Youssef FG, Luby SP, Wasfy MO, Rangel JM, et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 May; 9(5):p. 539–44.
**Outbreaks of typhoid fever in the United States, 1960–99.** PubMedexternal icon PMCexternal icon
Olsen SJ, Bleasdale SC, Magnano AR, Landrigan C, Holland BH, et al. Epidemiol Infect. 2003 Feb; 130(1): p. 13–21.Top of Page
							
					
						Page last reviewed:  April 15, 2022					Content source: 	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
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