# OAR Box 1846

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Number: 

# 10 ) ll-B- 7
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# A-90-0 7

Printed 11/18/20087:30:14

AM Sheet 10of 93 p. 1P.2 r\ ^)0-Ol 

### 1T-6--- 7 *'- osr<*. UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA LPROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR

. MICHIGA N 4810 5 Vppott f 

### MAR 2 4 199

2 

# ussy

MEMORANDU

M

SUBJECT :

FROM :

TO : THRU : 

## E- 6 

## E I VE n n 

### AP R - I 199 2
EP AAI R DOCKE T OFFIC E O F AI R AN O RADIATIO N

Bas e Fue l Determinatio nProcedure s fo r th e Propose d Fuel s an

d Fue l Additive s Rulemaking Jame s Greaves , Mechanica l Enginee r Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branc h7 Docke t No
. A-90-0 7 Judit hGray , Projec t Manag e Standard s Developmen t an d S tf*^%

or t Brand Glenn W
. Passavant , Senio r Projec t Manage r Standard s Developmen t an d Support
. Branc h Cheste r J
. France , Chie f Standard s Developmen t an d <){cOA*^

> u Branc h

Summary Thi s memorandu

m describe s th e procedure s fo r determining th e compositio no f "bas e fuels, " a s propose d i nth e Fuel s an d Fue l Additive s (F/FA ) ProgramNotic e o f Propose d Rulemaking (NPRM)
. Withi neac hfue l family , th e bas e fuel s woul d functio na s representative s o f th e "baseline " fuel/additiv e groups , an d woul d als o serv e a s th e solvent s an d control s whe ntesting o f additive s i s required
. Thi s memorandu mfirs t present s th e propose d methodologyfo r determining bas e fuels
. Fo r th e purpos e o f illustration , bas e gasolin e fue l an d bas e diese l fue l paramete r value s fo r th e yea r 199 0 ar e the ndeveloped
. Finally , a discussio n o f unresolve d issue s i s presented
. Background A s par t o f th e propose d F/F ARegistratio n programimplementing Sectio n21 1 (b ) (2 ) o f th e CleanAi r Act , producer s o f fuel s an d additive s woul d b e permitte d t o enrol l thei r product s int o group s o f simila r fuel s an d additives , an

d an yrequire d testing coul d b e performe d o na selecte d representativ e o f eac hgroup . Th e framewor k fo r th e propose d grouping systemi s illustrate d i n Figure s 2 an

d 3 o f th e NPRM
. Eac hfue l i s firs t sorte d int o a broa d "category " according t o it s "fue l family " and "formulatio n class. " Thes e "categories " o f fuel s an d additive s ar e the n subdivide d int o "groups " according t o fine r difference s i nthei rP. 3

composition
. Grou

p representative s ar e the nselecte d fo r testing according t o specifie d criteria
. Amor e complet e discussio no f thes e issue s i s provide d i nth e NPRM
. A"baselin e category " i s define d withi n eac hfue l family , including fuel s an d additive s whic hcontai nonl y"typical " component s i n"typical " proportion s fo r tha t family
. Withi nth e gasolin e and diese l fue l families , th e baselin e categorie s ar e propose d t o contai nonl yon e grou p each , an

d ar e t o b e represente d b ya generi c formulatio n calle d a "bas e fuel"
. A s mentione d above , th e bas e fuel s woul d b e use d t o generat e emission s fo r testing purpose s fo r th e baselin e groups . Theywoul d als o serv e a s th e fue l componen t o f additive/fue l mixture s use d i nth e testing o f additive s withi nth e associate d fue l family
. Th e bas e fuel s ar e propose d t o reflec t a sales-weighte d industryaverag e o f th e fuel s i nth e category , a s determine d b y survey s o f fuel s sol d throughou t th e country
. Withi ncertai n tolerances , bas e fuel s woul d b e speciall yblende d t o contai n th e fue l component s an d physica l characteristic s determine d b yth e survey . Source s o f Gasolin e an d Diese l Fue l Dat a Th e bas e fue l specification s discusse d i nthi s memorandu mar e base d o nanalyse s o f survey s performe d b yth e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio n(MVMA ) an d b ySouthwes t Researc h Institut e (SwRI )
. Th e dat a EP Ause d t o determin e th e bas e gasolin e specification s wer e take nfro mth e Southwes t Researc hInstitut e 199 0 gasolin e survey s (January-December ) an d th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer' s Associatio n199 0 summe r and winte r gasolin e surveys . Thes e survey s dea l wit hunleade d gasolin e fuel s only
. Fue l paramete r value s ar e presente d i nthes e survey s b ycity , gasolin e grade , an

d month
. Th e numbe r o f sample s analyze d pe r city , grade , an d mont hi s als o provided
. Th e dat a EP Ause d t o determin e th e bas e diese l specification s wer e take nfromth e MVMA' s 199 0 summe r an d winte r diese l surveys . Asurveyo f diese l fuel s from th e Nationa l Institut e fo r Petroleu m an d EnergyResearc h(NIPER ) wa s als o acquire d bu t wa s no t use d i n th e calculations
. Th e NIPE Rdat a wer e derive d fromrefinery samples , s o th e sample s wer e no t necessaril yrandom an d mayno t b e representativ e o f fiel d samples
. I t wa s als o no t clea r ho wsales

weighte d average s coul d b e compute d fromthes e samples
. Diese l surveydat a ar e als o gathere d b ySwRI , bu t coul d no t b e obtaine d fo r thi s analysis
. Th e bes t publicl yavailabl e dat a o n199 0 fue l sale s ar e fro m Petroleu

mMarketin g Monthl y(PMM) , a Departmen t o f Energy , Energy Informatio nAdministratio npublication
. PMMreport s fue l sale s b y grade , month , an

d states
. Th e sale s dat a fro mPMMar e liste d unde r "Volume s o f Firs t Sale s o f Moto r Gasolin e b yGrade " an

d "Volume s o f Firs t Sale s o f Distillat e Fue l Oils. " Thes e dat a reflec t firs t delivere d sale s o f gasolin e and diese l fuel s int o th e state s wher eP. 4

theyar e expecte d t o b e consumed
. Comment s concerning th e appropriatenes s o f thes e o r othe r reference s fo r determinatio no f fue l characteristics , an d o f specifi c dat a withi nthes e references , ar e requested
. Calculatio n Methodology Gasolin e Fuel s Initia l gasolin e surveyparamete r value s wer e obtaine d b y city , grade , an

d mont hb

ycombining SwR I an d MVM Adata
. The following discussio n explain s th e methodologyuse d t o combin e thes e tw o gasolin e survey s t o obtai na singl e initia l paramete r valu e b y city , grade , an

d month
. MVM

Adat a ar e availabl e fo r al l parameter s o f interes t onl yfo r th e month s o f Januaryan d July
. Fo r al l parameter s excep t sulfur , aromatics , olefins , an d saturates , SwR I dat a ar e availabl e yea r round o nanevery-other-mont hbasis
. Fo r thos e four parameters , dat a ar e availabl e onl yduring January/Februaryand July/August
. Th e MVM Asurveyinclude s gasolin e fue l sample s fro m2 3 U.S
. citie s whil e th e SwR I survey include s sample s fro m5 3 U.S
. cities
. Twenty-tw o U.S
. citie s ar e sample d b

ybot hsurveys . A s mentione d above , fo r al l bu t four fue l parameters , gasolin e sample s i n th e SwR I surveywer e take no nanevery-othe r mont h basis
. Some citie s wer e sample d o na January-March-May-July

Sep t embe r -Novembe r schedule , other s ona February-April-June

August-October-Decembe r schedule
. Fo r averaging purposes , survey month s wer e groupe d int o th e following two-mont hpairs : January/February , March/April , May/June , July/August , September/October , November/December
. Thus , dat a fo r SwR I citie s sample d i nJanuaryan d SwR I citie s sample d i nFebruarywer e assume d representativ e o f gasolin e sol d i nth e cit yi nth e January/February time frame
. Fo r thos e 2 2 citie s sample d bot hb yMVM Aand SwRI , th e January dat a fro

mMVM Aan d th e January/Februarydat a fro mSwR I wer e average d togethe r o na sample-weighte d basi s (i.e. , eac hsampl e fro meac hsurveywa s treate d equall yan d independently ) fo r eac h fue l parameter , gasolin e grade , an d city
. Thi s step wa s unnecessaryfo r th e singl e MVM Acit yno t par t o f th e SwR I surveyo r fo r th e 3 1 SwR I citie s no t par t o f th e MVM Asurvey . Thi s same proces s wa s als o performe d fo r th e Jul ydat a fro mMVM Aan d th e July/Augus t dat a fro m SwRI
. Diese l Fue l Initia l diese l surveyparamete r value s wer e obtaine d b ycit y fromMVM

Asurveydat a o f diese l fuel s fo r al l parameter s o f interes t fo r th e month s o f Januaryan d Jul yi n1 7 U.S
. cities
. Whil e some informatio nwa s presente d fo r Numbe r 1 diese l fue l an d Numbe r 2 premiu

mdiese l fuel , dat a wer e primaril ygive nfo r Numbe r 2 regula r diese l fuel
. Thus , onl yNumbe r 2 regula r diese l fue l dat a wer e use d b

yEP Ai nassessing th e bas e diese l fue l parameters
.P. 5

Thi s decisio nals o reflecte d th e overwhelming preponderanc e o f Numbe r 2 regula r diese l sale s ove r th e othe r type s o f diese l fuels
. Th e procedur e use d t o combin e paramete r value s fromdifferen t fue l survey s require d fo r gasolin e fuel s wa s no t neede d fo r diese l fuel s sinc e onl yon e diese l fue l surveywa s used
. Also , sinc e diese l fue l parameter s wer e availabl e fo r onl ytw o month s during th e year , th e dat a wer e no t groupe d int o two-mont htime periods
. Onl yJanuaryan

d Jul ydiese l fue l sale s dat a wer e use d i nth e weighin g analysis
. Th e SwR I diese l fue l dat a mentione d above , als o reporte d onl yfo r Januaryan d July , woul d b e combine d wit hth e MVM A diese l fue l dat a i n th e manne r use d t o combin e th e gasolin e surveys , i f the ywer e availabl e fo r thi s analysis
. Nationwid e Paramete r Valu e Calculatio n Gasolin e Fuel s Th e calculatio n o f nationwid e averag e value s fo r eac hgasolin e fue l paramete r wa s accomplishe d step-wis e a s follow s (se e Figur e 1 fo r a summary )
. Th e value s fo r a give nfue l paramete r fo r eac h city , grade , and bi-monthl yperio d wer e firs t weighte d b ygrad e fractio nbase d o nth e stat e gasolin e grad e sale s dat a i nPMM , resulting i non e fue l paramete r valu e pe r cit ype r bi-monthl y period
. Next , on e paramete r valu e wa s determine d fo r eac hstat e base d o ncit ydata , a s follows
. I f a stat e di d no t contai nan ycitie s i n th e survey , i t wa s no t assigne d a paramete r valu e an d wa s no t represente d i nth e averaging procedure
. I f a stat e containe d onl y on e cit yi nth e survey , th e paramete r valu e determine d fo r tha t cit ywa s assigne d t o th e state
. I f th e stat e containe d mor e tha n on e cit yi nth e survey , th e stat e paramete r valu e wa s determine d b y weighin g paramete r value s determine d fo r eac hcit yb yth e populatio ni ntha t cit y(198 0 census)
. Th e paramete r valu e fro m eac ho f th e citie s wa s multiplie d b yit s populatio n an d th e su

mo f thes e factor s wa s divide d b yth e populatio nsu m t o find th e aggregat e paramete r value
. Th e resul t i s on e paramete r valu e fo r eac hstat e an

d time period
. Thirt ynin e state s plu s th e Distric t o f Columbi a wer e represente d i nth e gasolin e surveys . Finally , th e stat e unleade d gasolin e fue l consumptio n a s reporte d i nPMMwa s multiplie d b yth e stat e paramete r valu e fo r eac htime period
. Thi s resulte d i na weighte d fue l paramete r valu e fo r eac hstat e an

d time period
. Th e su mo f thes e weighte d fue l paramete r value s ove r al l state s an d tim e period s wa s divide d b y th e tota l fue l consumptio no f al l state s an d time period s surveyed , t o yiel d th e final , nationwid e bas e fue l parameter
. Diese l Fuel s Th e calculatio n o f nationwid e averag e value s fo r eac hdiese l fue l paramete r wa s accomplishe d i na manne r simila r t o tha t fo r gasoline , omitting th e unnecessarystep s (se e Figur e 2 fo r aP. 6

summary)
. First , on e paramete r valu e wa s determine d fo r eac hstat e base d o ncit ydat a fo r th e month s o f Januaryan d July
. Thi s step wa s performe d i nth e same manne r use d t o determin e stat e gasolin e fue l parameter s fo r th e bas e gasolin e fuel
. Sixtee nstate s wer e represente d i nth e diese l survey . Next , th e stat e diese l fue l consumptio na s reporte d i nPMMfo r Januaryan

d Jul ywa s multiplie d b yth e stat e paramete r valu e fo r th e month
. Thi s resulte d i na weighte d fue l paramete r valu e fo r eac hsurveye d stat e fo r eac hmonth
. Th e su mo f thes e weighte d fue l paramete r value s ove r al l surveye d state s an d bot hmonth s wa s divide d b

yth e tota l Numbe r 2 diese l fue l consumptio no f al l surveye d state s fro mbot hmonths , t o yiel d th e final , nationwid e bas e fue l parameter
. Result s Using th e methodologydescribe d above , th e following annualize d sales-weighte d averag e characteristic s fo r gasolin e an d diese l fuel s wer e determined
. Gasoline : Aromatics , volume percen t 28. 7 Olefins , volum e percen t 12. 8 Saturates , volum e percen t 58. 5 Benzene , volume percen t 1.6 4 Sulfur , ppm34 0 Initia l Boilin g Point , ° F 9 0 T10 , O F 11 7 T50 , O F 20 6 T90 , O F 33 8 End Point , O F 40 9 Octane , (R+M)/ 2 88. 6 AP I Gravit y59. 5 Rei d Vapo r Pressure , ps i 10. 5 Diesel : Aromatics , volume percen t 42. 2 Olefins , volum e percen t 1. 5 Saturates , volum e percen t 56. 1 Sulfur , weigh t percen t 0. 2 6 Initia l Boilin g Point , ° F 36 8 T10 , op 44 1 T50 , O F 51 9 T90 , O F 60 9 End Point , O F 65 5 Cetan e Numbe r 45. 6 Cetan e Inde x46. 0 Cloud Point , O F 2.8 2 Flas hPoint , O F 14 5P. 7

Pou r Point , O F -6.1 5 Specifi c Gravit y0.8 6 Kinemati c Viscosity , cs * 2.8 7 Filterabilit yPlugging Index35. 1

* centistoke s a t 4 0 o c Statistic s tha t describ e th e mean , maximum , minimum , and standar d deviatio no f th e paramete r value s fro m th e surveye d citie s ar e presente d i n Figur e 3
. Thes e statistic s mayb e usefu l whe n determining bas e fue l blending tolerances
. Th e mea nparamete r value s reporte d i nFigur e 3 diffe r fromth e abov e cite d paramete r value s becaus e th e mea nparamete r value s (likewise , th e maximu man d minimu mvalues ) hav e no t bee nweighte d b yfue l sales
. Discussio n Whil e commen t woul d b e appreciate d o nal l topic s relate d t o th e determinatio nand us e o f bas e fuel s fo r th e F/F Aprogram , EP A ha s identifie d a numbe r o f issue s whic hmus t b e resolve d befor e bas e fuel s ca nb e produce d and tested
. Thes e issue s ar e presente d i nthi s sectio nfo r th e purpos e o f initiating commen t fromth e publi c an

d th e affecte d industries
. 1
. Th e Reformulate d Gasolin e (RFG ) ProgramNPRM(F R31176 , Jul y9 , 1991 ) describe s tw o fuel s tha t represen t industryaverag e winte r an

d summe r gasolines
. Thes e fuel s hav e bee nuse d t o determin e emissio n reduction s o f reformulate d gasolines
. Emission s generate d fro

mth e industryaverag e summe r gasolin e hav e bee n characterize d during th e Auto/Oi l Ai r Qualit yImprovemen t Researc h Programfo r th e RF Grulemaking
. Th e RF Gsumme r baselin e fue l ha s bee nproduce d fo r researc hpurposes , bu t RF Gindustryaverag e baselin e fuel s ar e no t expecte d t o b e produce d i nlarg e amounts
. Figur e 4 provide s a compariso no f th e RF Gindustryaverag e baselin e gasoline s (as currentl yproposed ) and th e propose d F/F Abas e gasolin e fuel
. Wha t applicabilit y(i f any ) shoul d th e RF Gindustry averag e baselin e fuel s hav e o nth e bas e gasolin e o f th e F/FA program ? Wha t purpos e o r advantag e woul d b e gaine d i f th e F/F A Programadopte d on e o f th e RF Gindustryaverag e baselin e fue l specifications ? 2
. Th e fuel s use d fo r certifying vehicl e emission s migh t als o b e suitabl e fo r us e a s bas e fuel s fo r th e Fuel s an d Fue l Additive s program . Certificatio nfuel s hav e bee nproduce d and sol d fo r vehicl e testin g fo r man yyear s s o th e us e o f thes e fuel s woul d probabl yb e les s costl ytha nus e o f speciall yformulate d fuels
. A compariso no f certificatio nan d sales-weighte d averag e fuel s i s show ni nFigure s 4 an

d 5
. Woul d certificatio nfuel s b e acceptabl e fo r us e a s bas e fuel s fo r th e Fuel s an d Fue l Additive s program ? D o certificatio nfuel s sufficientl yresembl e commerciall yavailabl e fuel s suc htha t th e result s o f test s performe d o ncertificatio n fue l emission s woul d b e applicabl e t o commercia l fuels ? Woul d additiona l fue l parameter s nee d t o b e controlle d o r paramete r tolerance s adjuste d i f thes e fuel s wer e used ?P. 8

3
. Mos t o f th e gasolin e an d diese l fuel s sol d i nthi s countryinclud e chemica l additive s introduce d int o th e fue l strea m b yfue l producer s o r blender s befor e th e fue l reache s th e fina l consumer . Thes e so-calle d "bulk " fue l additive s serve a numbe r o f functions , including fue l stabilization , deposi t control , and combustio nenhancement
. Ofte nth e compositio no f thes e chemical s i s a trad e secret
. Shoul d bas e fuel s contai nfue l additives ? I f so , wha t purpos e (s ) shoul d theyserve ? Shoul d specifi c brand s o f fue l additive s b e specified ? Wha t concentration s shoul d th e fue l additive s hav e i nth e fuel ? 4
. Ove r time , th e gasolin e an d diese l fuel s sol d i nthi s countryhav e changed
. Wit hth e adven t o f federa l regulation s on fue l compositio nan d wit hstate s taking greate r interes t i nth e fuel s bein g sold , furthe r fue l change s ar e expecte d i nth e future
. The F/F

Aprogramha s bee nstructure d s o tha t th e bas e fuel s represen t th e sales-weighte d averag e o f fuel s use d i nthi s country ove r a certai nperio d o f time
. Shoul d bas e fue l specification s b e change d periodicall yt o reflec t change s i nth e fuel s sol d i nth e country ? Ho woften ? Shoul d bas e fuel s b e change d onl yt o reflec t change s i n fue l requirements , suc ha s th e ne wsulfu r limit s o n diese l fuel s o r oxyge n conten t i ngasoline s sol d i nspecifie d part s o f th e country ? I f bas e fuel s ar e t o b e define d onc e and the n remai nunchange d o r onl yslightl ymodified , whic hyear(s ) shoul d b e surveye d t o defin e th e bas e fue l paramete r values ? Give nth e differen t fue l contro l programi nCalifornia , shoul d fuel s meetin g Californi a specification s b e teste d separately ? 5
. I f to o muc hvariabilit yi s allowe d i nbas e fue l composition , tes t result s maylos e validity
. O nth e othe r hand , th e greate r th e numbe r o f fue l parameter s controlle d an d th e narrowe r th e tolerance s allowed , th e mor e difficul t i t wil l become t o mak e th e fuel
. Whil e th e bas e fue l paramete r value s presente d abov e includ e almos t al l o f th e parameter s availabl e fro mth e fue l surveys , some mayno t b e necessaryfo r th e F/F Aprogram . Whic ho f thes e parameter s shoul d b e retaine d i nth e definitio no f bas e gasolin e an

d diese l fuels ? Ar e othe r parameter s missin g tha t shoul d b e included ? Wha t tolerance s shoul d b e allowe d fo r fue l paramete r values ? 6
. Alcohol , alcohol/gasolin e blends , natura l gas , an d othe r alternativ e fuel s wil l likel ybecom e mor e commo ni nth e nex t few years , an

d bas e fuel s fo r thes e alternativ e fue l familie s wil l soo n b e needed
. Ho wshoul d specification s fo r alternativ e bas e fuel s b e determine d give ntha t thei r sale s t o dat e ar e smal l and tha t thei r compositio nmaychang e a s economi c and technologica l factor s change ? Ho wshoul d th e gasolin e componen t o f gasoline/alcoho l blend s b e determined ? Shoul d th e bas e fue l fo r nea t alternativ e fuel s b e give ntolerance s fo r impurities ?P. 9

Figur e 1 : Fue l Averagin g Metho d Use d t o Determin e

Bas e Gasolin e Fue l Paramete r Value s 1
. Acquir e monthl yo r bi-monthl yfue l paramete r dat a fo r eac hfue l grad e and eac hcit yfo r a on e yea r period
. Thi s dat a shoul d includ e th e numbe r o f sample s take na t eac hcit yfo r eac h fue l grade
. Mor e tha non e surveyshoul d b e acquired , i f possible
. 2
. If , withi na survey , mor e tha non e sampl e paramete r valu e i s availabl e fo r a give ncity/fue l grade , averag e th e sampl e value s s o tha t eac hsurveyha s on e se t o f paramete r value s fo r eac h city/fue l grade
. 3
. Combin e th e dat a fro mth e differen t survey s b yweighing th e averag e paramete r value s determine d fo r eac hsurveyb yth e numbe r o f sample s take ni neac hsurvey . Th e resul t i s on e paramete r valu e fo r eac hfue l grade , city , an d time period
. (Two

mont hinterval s ar e acceptabl e i f dat a ar e no t availabl e fo r eac h month. ) 4
. Acquir e th e fractio no f sale s fo r eac hfue l grad e withi n eac hcit yand tim e perio d surveyed , i.e. , sale s fo r th e grad e divide d b

ytota l sales
. (Thi s mayb e estimate d b yusin g th e fractio no f fue l grad e sale s fo r th e stat e i nwhic hth e cit yexist s fo r eac htim e perio d surveye d i f cit ydat a ar e no t available. ) I f a paramete r i s no t availabl e fo r on e o f th e fue l grade s fo r a surveye d city , sale s shoul d b e distribute d betwee nth e grade s fo r whic hdat a ar e available
. 5
. Combin e th e differen t grad e value s b ymultiplying th e paramete r value s fo r eac hgrad e b yth e fractio no f sale s fo r tha t grade , an

d summing
. Thi s i s t o b e don e fo r eac hcit yan d eac htime period , resulting i non e paramete r valu e fo r eac hcit yan d tim e period
.
6
. Determin e on e paramete r valu e fo r eac hstat e fo r eac h time period :

A
. I f th e stat e doe s no t contai nan ycitie s i nth e survey , i t i s no t assigne d a paramete r valu e an d i s no t represente d i nth e paramete r averaging procedure
. B
. I f th e stat e contain s onl yon e cit yi nth e survey , th e paramete r valu e determine d fo r tha t cit yi n step # 5 i s assigne d t o th e state
. C
. I f th e stat e contain s mor e tha non e cit yi nth e survey , th e stat e paramete r valu e i s determine d b y weighin g paramete r value s determine d fo r eac hcit y i nstep # 5 b

yth e relativ e amoun t o f fue l sol d i n tha t city
. Relativ e cit yfue l sale s ar e estimate dP.1 0

b yth e fractio no f populatio ni neac ho f th e citie s surveye d i ntha t stat e i nrelatio nt o th e su mfro m al l o f th e surveye d citie s i ntha t state
. 7
. Acquir e fue l sale s (summed acros s grades ) fo r eac hstat e an d eac htime perio d fo r whic ha paramete r valu e wa s determine d i n #6
. Su mthes e fue l sale s fro mal l represente d state s an d al l time period s surveyed
. Thi s i s referre d t o a s "Tota l Sales"
. 8
. Multipl yth e paramete r value s determine d i nstep # 6 b y th e stat e fue l sale s value s o f step #7 , an d divid e eac hb

yth e Tota l Sale s o f step #7
. Su mup al l o f th e weighte d value s t o determin e th e averag e valu e fo r th e parameter
.



# JP.1 1



### Figur e 2 : Fue l Averaging Metho d Use d t o Determin e

Bas e Diese l Fue l Paramete r Value s 1
. Acquir e fue l paramete r dat a (monthl yo r bi-monthl yi f possible , otherwis e twic e pe r year ) fo r eac hcit yfo r a on e yea r period
. 2
. If , withi na survey , mor e tha non e sampl e paramete r valu e i s availabl e fo r a give ncity/fue l grade , averag e th e sampl e value s s o tha t eac hsurveyha s on e se t o f paramete r value s fo r eac h city/fue l grade
. 3
. Determin e on e paramete r valu e fo r eac hstat e fo r eac h tim e period :

A
. I f th e stat e doe s no t contai nan ycitie s i n th e survey , i t i s no t assigne d a paramete r valu e an d i s no t represente d i nth e paramete r averaging procedure
. B
. I f th e stat e contain s onl yon e cit yi nth e survey , th e paramete r valu e determine d fo r tha t cit yi n step # 2 i s assigne d t o th e state
. C
. I f th e stat e contain s mor e tha non e cit yi n th e survey , th e stat e paramete r valu e i s determine d b y weighing paramete r value s determine d fo r eac hcit y i nstep # 2 b

yth e relativ e amoun t o f fue l sol d i n tha t city
. Relativ e cit yfue l sale s ar e estimate d b yth e fractio no f populatio ni neac ho f th e citie s surveye d i ntha t stat e i nrelatio nt o th e su mfro m al l o f th e surveye d citie s i ntha t state
. 4
. Acquir e fue l sale s fo r eac hstat e an d eac htime perio d fo r whic ha paramete r valu e wa s determine d i n#3
. Su mthes e fue l sale s fromal l represente d state s and al l time period s surveyed
. Thi s i s referre d t o a s "Tota l Sales"
. 5
. Multipl yth e paramete r value s determine d i nstep # 3 b y th e stat e fue l sale s value s o f step #4 , and divid e eac hb yth e Tota l Sale s o f step #4
. Su m up al l o f th e weighte d value s t o determin e th e averag e valu e fo r th e parameter
.P.1 2

*


### Figur e 3 : Paramete r

fo r Statistic s From S 199 0 Gasolin e an

d Gasolin e Fue l Statistic s

Aromatics , vol % Olefins , vol % Benzene , vol % Sulfur , ppm IBP , O F T10 , O F T50 , O F T90 , O F End Point , O F Octane , (R+M)/ 2 AP I Gravit y RVP , ps i Mea n 29. 0 10. 7 1.6 6 29 0 88. 7 117. 9 20 9 33 3 40 6 89. 6 59. 2 10. 6

Diese l Fue l Statistic s

Aromatics , vol % Olefins , vol % Saturates , vol % Sulfur , wt % IBP , O F T10 , O F T50 , O F T90 , O F End Point , ° F Cetan e Numbe r Cetan e Inde x Cloud Point , O F Flas hPoint , O F Pou r Point , O F Specifi c Gravit y Mea n 39. 1 1. 4 59. 4 0.3 0 35 9 42 7 50 7 60 1 64 9 45. 2 45. 6 0. 0 14 0 -13. 1 0.85 3 Kin
. Viscosity,cs 2 2.5 9 Filterabilit y 33. 7 Maximu m 47. 6 34. 0 3.2 3 107 0 102. 0 146. 2 24 6 37 0 49 0 93. 4 58. 6 15. 2

Maximu m 50. 7 3. 3 75. 0 0.4 6 39 3 45 8 53 6 62 5 66 8 51. 2 49. 9 12. 0 16 8 6. 0 0.86 8 3.2 8 78. 6 

### Diese l urveye d Citie s

Fuels 1

Minimu mSt d Deviatio n 6. 7 0. 5 0.5 0 1 0 77. 1 93. 4 15 0 28 1 33 0 83. 3 49. 4 7. 3 6. 1

5. 5 0.4 8 19 0 5. 3 10. 6 14. 1 12. 2 11. 7 2. 2 3. 0 2. 1

Minimu mStd
. Deviatio n 24. 0 0. 6 45. 9 0.0 3 33 6 38 3 47 8 57 5 62 2 40. 8 43. 3 -14. 0 11 8 -36. 0 0.83 5 2.1 1 1. 4

-The gasolin e fue l statistic s hav e bee n gasolin e fue l survey s performe d b yth e Associatio nan

d statistic s hav e performe d b

yth e
2 centistoke s Southwes t 6. 2 0. 6 6. 6 0.1 1 14. 2 17. 9 17. 2 13. 7 13. 2 2. 0 1. 4 6. 6 10. 9 10. 6 0.00 8 0.3 2 17. 1

derive d fro

m199 0 Moto r Vehicl e Manufacture r Researc hInstitute
. bee nderive d from Th e diese l fue l 199 0 diese l fue l survey s Moto r Vehicl e Manufacture r Association
. a t 4 0 o cP.1 3



### Figur e4 : Paramete r Valu eCompariso no f th ePropose d Fuel s an dFue lAdditive s (F/FA ) Progra mBas eGasoline , th eReformulate dGasolin e(RFG ) Progra mSumme

r an d Winte r Industr yAverag eBaselin eGasolines , an d Certificatio nGasolin e F/F AInd

. Avg

. Ind

. Avg

. Certificatio n Bas eFuel x Summer 2Winter 3 Gasolin e Aromatics , vol

. % 28. 7 32. 026. 4 3 5 (max ) 9. 211. 9 1 0(max ) 58. 8 61. 7 Remainde r 1.5 3 1.6 2 33 9 33 8 100 0(max ) 9 1 8 7 75-9 5 12 8 11 1 120-13 5 21 8 19 9 200-23 0 33 033 2300-32 5 41 5 40 4 41 5 (max ) 87. 3 88. 1 93 * 57. 4 60. 4 8. 7 11. 7 8.7-9. 2 Olefins , vol
. % Saturates , vol
. % Benzene , vol
. % Sulfur , ppm IBP , O F T10 , O F T50 , O F T90 , O F End Point , ° F Octane , (R+M)/ 2 AP I Gravit y RVP , ps i 12. 8 58. 5 1.6 4 34 0 9 0 11 7 20 6 33 8 40 9 88. 6 59. 5 10. 5

becaus e o f th e differing method s use d t o comput e th e Summe r an d Winte r IndustryAverag e gasoline s fo r th e Reformulate d Gasolin e program , th e Fuel s and Fue l Additive s program Bas e Gasolin e parameters , whic hwer e determine d i na manne r simila r t o th e Winte r IndustryAverag e gasoline , d o no t necessaril yfal l betwee nth e Summe r and Winte r IndustryAverag e gasolin e paramete r values
.

2 Thes e value s wer e originall yliste d i nth e Clea nAi r Ac t Amendment s o f 199 0 an d reprinte d i nth e Reformulate d Gasolin e Notic e o f Propose d Rulemaking , Federa l Registe r 31176 , Jul y9 , 1991
. Th e Summe r IndustryAverag e Baselin e gasolin e wa s use d i n th e Auto/Oi l Ai r Qualit yImprovemen t Researc hPrograman d calle d th e "IndustryAverage " gasoline
.

3 Thes e value s wer e take nfromth e Reformulate d Gasolin e SupplementaryNotic e o f Propose d Rulemaking foun d i ndocke t A-91-0 2 an d ar e pertinen t t o th e time perio d fro mSeptembe r 1 6 t o Marc h31
. Thes e specification s ar e subjec t t o chang e i nth e fina l rulemaking
.

4 Thi s valu e i s fo r Researc hOctan e only
.P.1 4



### Figur e 5 : Paramete r Valu e Compariso no f the Propose d Fuel s an

d Fue l Additive s (F/FA ) Progra mBas e Diese l Fue l an d Numbe r 2 Diese l Certificatio n Fue l

Aromatics , volum e percen t Olefins , volum e percen t Saturates , volum e percen t Sulfur , weigh t percen t Initia l Boilin g Point , O F T10 , O F T50 , O F T90 , O F End Point , ° F Cetan e Numbe r Cetan e Inde x Cloud Point , O F Flas hPoint , O F Pou r Point , O F Specifi c Gravit y Kinemati c Viscosity , cs 1 Filterabilit yPluggin g Inde x F/F A Bas e Fue l 42. 2 1. 5 56. 1 0.2 6 36 8 44 1 51 9 60 9 65 5 45. 6 46. 0 2.8 2 14 5 -6.1 5 0.8 6 2.8 7 35. 1 Certificatio n

Diese l Fue l 2 7 (min ) (Remainde r Contain s Olefin s an

d Saturates ) 0.20-0.5 0 340-40 0 400-46 0 470-54 0 550-61 0 580-66 0 42-5 0

13 0 (min ) 0.84-0.8 6 2.0-3. 2

1 centistoke s a t 4 0 « C