United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has det ermined that the following taxa should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section,

APHIS has produced data sheet s which detail the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making

the determination that the tax a are quarantine pest plant s

.


## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheets

Table of Contents

Click on a quarantine pest p lant below to view the corresponding data sheet:

Acroceras zizanioides

Actinoscirpus grossus

Austroeupatorium inulifo lium

Campuloclinium macrocephalum

Cyanotis axillaris

Cyperus exaltatus

Desmosta chya bipinnata Digitaria ternata

Fuirena ciliaris

Gnaphalium affine

Isachne globosa

Ischaemum muticum

Kyllinga polyphylla

Kyllinga pulchella

Mollugo pentaphylla Myoporum tenuifolium

Ottochloa nodosa

Persicaria thunbergii

Pycreus flavidus

Rub us alceifolius

Sagittaria pygmaea

Tarchonanthus camphoratusUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Plant Protection a nd Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certai n taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant

.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USD A. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant : Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy 12

, 13

Family: Poaceae 13

Synonyms: Acroceras oryzoides Stapf 1 2

Echinochloa zizanioides (Kunth) Roberty Echinochloa oryzoides (Stapf) Roberty Panicum oryzoides Sw. Panicum oryzoides Stapf Panicum ogowense Franch.

Panicum lutetense K. Schum.

Panicum balbisianum Sc hult. Panicum latifolium Hook. f.
Panicum zizanioides is still used in some publications 2

Common names: oat grass, arracillo 13

Distribution of p lant :

Angola, Argentina, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Bolivia, Cameroon, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Iv oire, Cuba, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Liberia, Malawi, Mexico, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,Senegal, Sierra Leone , French Guiana, Suriname, Tanzania

, Uganda, Uruguay

, Zaire,

Zambia and Zimbabwe 13

.

Distr ibution in the United States : none reported 1 4

Damage p otential of p lant :

A croceras zizanioides is recorded as a principal weed of Trinidad 8 . It is a vigorous, widespread species, flourishing in semi

- aquatic and forest situations in Africa, Asia and

tro pical America . In West Africa it is locally frequent to abundant, usually in shady sites, in both disturbed and undisturbed soils, in forest s and throughout the interior and coastal

savannas 1 0 . It would seem well adapted to be a significant threat to wetla nds and forest in any tropical regions of The United States

.

References :

1. Adams, C.D., Kasasian, L. and Seyave, J. 1968. Common Weeds of the West Indies. University of the West Indies. 139 pp.

2. Barnes, D.E. and Chan, L.G. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia a nd their Control. Ancom Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. (p. 142)

3. Bor, N.L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambusae) Pergamon Press, Oxford. (pp. 275

- 276).

4. Burkhill, H.M. 1994. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Fam ilies E

- I. 2 nd edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (p. 172.)

5. Clayton, W.D. 1989. 200. Gramineae (Paniceae, Isachneae and Aruninelleae) In: Launert, E. and Pope, G.V. (eds.) Flora Zambesiaca Volume Ten Part Three. Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, Lond on. (pp. 48, 50).

6. Clayton, W.D. and Renvoize, S.A. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). In: (Polhill, R.M. (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam. (p. 565).

7. Häfliger, E. and Scholz, H. 1980. Grass Weeds 1. Documenta Ciba

- Geigy, Basel. (p. 1.)

8. Holm , L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

9. Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. and Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Volume 3 Part 2. Crown Age nts, London. (p. 435.)

10. Rose

- Innes, R. 1977. A Manual of Ghana Grasses. Ministry of Overseas Development, London. (pp. 87, 89.)11. Shukla, U. 1996. The Grasses of North

- eastern India. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. (p. 306).

12. Tropicos.org. M issouri Botani cal Garden. 21 Jan 2012 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25500095

.

13. USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) on

- line database. ARS National Genetic Resources Program. Accessed on line Jan 21, 201 2 at http://www.ars

grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?103442

.

14. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS Database http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch

, Accessed Jan 21, 2012 . National Plant Data Ce nter, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA

15. Wiersma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Pl ants: a standard reference.CRC Press, Boca Raton. 749 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details th e scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. & D.A. Simpson 2

Family: Cyperaceae

Synonyms: Scirpus grossus L.f. 8
Schoenoplectus grossus (L.f.) Palla 8

Scirpus aemulans Steud. Scirpus maximus Roxb. Hymenochaeta grossa (L.f.) Nees 8
Scirpus kysoor Roxb. 2

This is still referred to as Schoenoplectus grossus (e.g Wier sma and Leon, 1999) or Scirpus grossus in some publications, but Actinoscirpus grossus is the preferred generic name in the most recently published flora 6

.

Distribution of plant:

China, Japan, Bangladesh

, India

, Nepal

, Pakistan

, Sri Lanka, Myanmar

, Thail and

, Vietnam, Indonesia

, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia 2

Distribution in the United States: none reportedDamage potential of plant:

Actinoscirpus grossus is recorded as a principal weed for Southeast Asian countries, presumably as a weed of rice c rops 3 . It occurs in swampy and inundated places, pools, ditches, marshes and is locally abundant especially in the lowlands; it is also a host of Chilo polychrysus , the dark

- headed rice borer 4

.

This is a robust, widespread and important weed, spreading by stolons and capable of dominating rice crops and wetlands. As such it poses a significant threat to tropical areas

of the United States

.

References:

1. Barnes, D.E. and Chan, L.G. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia and their Control. Ancom Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. (pp. 136

- 137, 146).

2. GRIN 2001. USDA Germplasm Information Network on

- line database. ARS National Genetic Resources Program. Ac cess date: Jan 24, 2012. http://www.ars

- grin. gov/cgi

bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?409599

.

3. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

4. Kostermans, A.J.G.H., Wirjahardja, S. and Dekker, R.J. 1987. The weeds: description, ecology and control. In: Soerjani, M., Kostermans, A.J.G.H. and Tjitrosoepomo, G. (eds.) Weeds of Rice in Indonesia. SEAMEO, BIOTROP. (pp. 412

- 413, incl. illustration).

5. Noda, K., Teerawatsakul, M., Prakongvongs, C. and Chaiwiratnu kul, L. 1985. Major Weeds in Thailand. National Weed Science Research Institute, Bangkok. (p. 46).

6. Noltie, H.J. 2000. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling. Volume 3 Part 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. (p. 280).

7. P ancho, J.V. and Soerjani, M. 1978. Aquatic Weeds of Southeast Asia. UPLB, Manila and BIOTROP, Bogor. (pp. 101

- 103).

8. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed on February, 2012. Online at http://w ww.tropicos.org/Name/9906183

.

9. Wiersma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 749 pp.

10. Yong, S.H. and Goh, A.K. 1977. Weeds in Padi

- Fields (Peninsular Malaysia). Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia. (pp . 14).United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantin e pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon shoul d be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Austroe upatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Rob. 5

Family: Asteraceae 5

Synonyms: Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth

. 5

Common names: a ustroeupatorium 5

Distribution of plant:

Panama, Guyana

, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia

, Colombia

, Ecuador

, Peru, Argentina

, Paraguay

, Uruguay 5

, Indonesia , Java, Sri Lanka 5 , Sumatra, Ceylon and Taiwan 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported 6

Damage potential of plant:

Austroeupatorium inulifolium was identified as a potential threat to United States

ecosystems u sing a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 3

. A. inulifolium is a

serious weed in the Philippines and is considered a weed of upland rice 2

. A.inulifolium

fo rms dense thickets and is a weed of disturbed forests, plantations, perennial crops and roadsides in the Philippines, Indonesia, southeast Asia and Sri Lanka 7

. It has been named as a noxious weed as well as quarantine weed, supported by 10 references in t he ‘ Global Compendium of Weeds ’ 4

. It is considered to be an aggressive species that rapidly colonizes areas cleared for the planting of new crops, agricultural fields, fallow fields,

waste lands and roadsides 1

.References:

1. Hsu, Tsai

- Wen, Ching

- I Peng a nd Chiu

- Mei Wang. 2006. Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) King & Robinson (Asteraceae), a newly naturalized plant in Taiwan. Taiwania 51(1):41

- 45.

2. Pacific Islands Ecosystem at Risk project (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/Pier/index.html (Accessed February, 2012 )

3. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

4. Randa ll, Rod P. 2002. A Global Compendium of of Weeds . Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia . Accessed February 14, 2012

at: http://www. hear.org/gcw/species/austroeupatorium_inulaefolium/

5. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2001. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi bin/npgs/html/ (Accessed February, 2012 )

6. USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS database <http://plants.usda.gov/plants>. (Accessed February, 2012 )

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Roug e, LA 70874

- 4490 USA

.

7. Weeds Australia: An Australian Weeds Committee National Initiative. Available on

online at http://www.weeds.org.au/ (Accessed February, 2012)United States Department of Agriculture

Ani mal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows

the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s inva sive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest P lant: Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less.) DC

. 5

Family : Asteraceae

Synonyms : Eupatorium macrocephalum Less. Eupatorium donianum Hook. & Arn.

Common names: pompom weed (South Africa)

, pompom bossie (South Africa)

Distribution of plant:

Arg entina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Paraguay 5

Distribution in the United States: none reported 6

Damage potential of plant:

Originating in S. America, E. macrocephalum is recorded as a principal weed of Brazil 2

. It is inc luded among ‘Plant Invaders of South Africa ’ 1

, and is noted to be cultivated for

ornament al purposes but also to have invaded grasslands and roadsides. It is listed as a weed of dry soils in South Africa, mainly in ruderal situations, competitive

, and repl acing other vegetation 7 . It has spread rapidly in South Africa in the past 20 years and is of concern for its ability to invade even undisturbed climax grassland and wetlands 3

. Farmers in the Pretoria area have complained about the degradation of their pas tures andthe difficulty of eradicating it.

Occurrence in Mexico and probable availability as an ornamental increases the likelihood that it may be presented for the entry into U.S. where it could have adverse impact on grassland and natural vegetation.

References:

1. Henderson, L. 1995. Plant Invaders of Southern Af rica. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No 5. ARC/LNR, South Africa. (p. 9).

2. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical

Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

3. Klein, M. and Neser, S. 1999. Population explosion of the floral kind. Plant Protection

News 54: 9

- 12.

4. Mobot. 2000. W3TROPICOS database. Missouri Botanic Garden

, Accessed on February

2012 Online at http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2712886

.

5. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2001. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources

Laborato ry, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi bin/npgs/html/ (Accessed February, 2012)

6. USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS database <http://plants.usda.gov/plants>. (Accessed February, 2012). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA

.

7. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in Southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. (p. 209).United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the intro duction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the followi ng plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Cyanotis axillaris (L.) D. Don 4

Family: Commelinaceae 4

Synonyms:

Commelina axillaris L. 2

Amischophacelus axillaris (L.) R.S. Rao & Kammathy 1

Tradescantia axillaris (L.) L. 2

Tonn ingia axillaris (L.) Kuntze Tonningia axillaris (L.) Raf. Zygomenes axillaris (L.) Salisb.

Distribution of plant:

China

, India

, Malaysia

, Australia 4

, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Sudan, and the Philippines 1

Distribution in the United States : none reported 4

Damage potential of plant:

Cyanotis axillaris was identified as a potential threat to United States eco systems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 3

. C. axillaris is a principal weed of Thailand, India, and Sudan, and a common weed of the Philippines 1

. In Thailand, this plant is a weed of rubber plantations 4

.References:

1. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P., and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

2. Missouri Botanical Garden, W 3 TRO PICOS Nomenclatural Database. Flora of China

# 50043981 . Accessed February, 2012, online at http://www.tropicos.org/namesearch.aspx?name=cyanotis+axillaris

.

3. Parker, C., Caton , B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

4. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] N ational Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?401626

.

5. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge,

LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants

.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Insp ection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows

the APHIS Administrator to de signate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of

that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Cyperus exaltatus Retz. 5

Family: Cyperaceae 1

Synonyms: Cyperus dives 5

Distribution of plant:

Australia, Israel, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea 5

, Africa 2

Distribution in the United States: none reported 6

Damage potential of pla nt:

Cyperus exaltatus was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. C. exaltatus is a prin icipal weed of India and a weed of unknown significance in Australia 1

. C. exaltatus is a troublesome weed in paddy fields in Bangladesh 2

. C. exaltatus is a potential pathway for Bulinus globosus (ramshorn snail) into the United States 3

.

References:

1. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

2. Invasive Alien Species in South

- southeast Asia, National Reports 2002. AccessedFebruary , 2012 online at http://www.gisp.org/publications/reports/SOUTH_AN.PDF

.

3. Marti, H.P., M. Tanner, A.A. Degremont, and T.A. Freyvogel (1985). Studies on the ecology of Bulinus globosus, the intermediate host of Sch istosoma haematobium in the Ifakara area, Tanzania. Acta Trop., 42(2), 171

- 187. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://ukpmc.ac.uk/abstract/MED/2862780

.

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Labor atory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February. 2012 online at http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?464418

.

6. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, B aton Rouge, LA

70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants

.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quar antine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the sci entific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf 5

Family: Poaceae

Synonyms: Eragrostis cynosuriodes (Retz.) P. Beauv.

Poa cynosuriodes Ret z. 5

Uniola bipinnata L

.

Common names: halfa 5 , big cordgrass, salt reed

- grass 3

Distribution of plant:

Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia

, Afghanistan, China, India, Indochina, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand 5

Distribution in the United States: none reported 5

Damage potential of plant:

Desmostachya bipinnata is a tall, tufted perennial grass that can grow over 6 feet tall. It thrives in hot, dry areas, forms tussocks in sandy desert environments, and can also be

found in low

- lying waterlogged sites. The grass is used for thatching, as a rope material

in India and Sudan 2 , and as fodder in arid regions 5 . Medicinal properties have been reported; in some areas it is consid ered a diuretic and is used to treat dysentery and menorrhagia 2 . In agricultural settings, D. bipinnata is considered a weed, especially in

wheat 1 , and is a potential seed contaminant 5

. Desmostachya bipinnata was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plantsbased on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

.

References :

1. Ahmad, R., Shaikh, A.S. (January

- June 2003). “Common Weeds of Wheat and Their

C ontrol”. Pakistan Journal of Water Resources 7 (1): 73

- 76.

2. JSTOR Plant Science. Entry for Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf [family Poaceae]. Entry from Burkill, H.M. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 2. Accessed 9 February 2012. http://plants.jstor.org/upwta/2_449

.

3. Martha Modzelievich. “ Desmostachya bipinnata ”. Flowers in Israel. Accessed 9 February 2012. www.fl owersinisrael.com/Desmostachyabipinnata_page.htm

.

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germp lasm Resources Information

Network

- (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?136 89

. (09 February 2012)

6. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA

70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February 9, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants

.United States Depart ment of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA categor y. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science So ciety of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index. htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Digitaria ternata (A.Rich.) Stapf 18

Family: Poaceae

Synonyms: Cynodon ternatus A. Rich 12
Digitaria argyrostachya (Steud.) Fern. Digitaria ropalotricha Büse

Panicum ternatum (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud.

Panicum ternatum (Hoc hst. ex A. Rich.) Steud. Panicum rapalotrichum Büse ex Koord Panicum argyrostachya Steud. Panicum phaeocarpum var. gracile Nees Paspalum ternatum (A. Rich.) Hook. F. Syntherisma ternata (A. Rich.) Newbold 17
Syntherisma argyrostachya (Steud.) Hitchc. & Chase

Common names: blackseed crab grass, black

- seed finger grass 7, 18

Distribution of plant:

Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uga nda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, China, Yemen, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines,Thailand 5,18,13,20,21

, Israel, Jordan, Australia, Lebanon, Morocco, Greece 9 , Zaire, Burundi, Angola 5 , Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, South and Southeast Asia 10

, Eritrea 15

Distribution in the United States: none reported 19

Damage potential of plant:

Digitaria ternata is a very widespread and successful weed, recorded as a “principal” weed in Israel and Jordan and a “common” weed in Australia, Lebanon and Morocco 10 . It

ca n be abundant in upland rice in Indonesia, is common in cereal crops in Ethiopia, and can be serious in cereal crops in East Africa 11, 15, 16 . It is reported as a weed of arable land, frequently invading pastures 14 . It is listed as a ruderal, agrestal, and pasture weed in South Africa, competitive and able to replace other vegetation 21

. Digitaria ternata has the potential to be introduced accidentally in agricultural produce from many different sources and to have considerable impact on crops and on natural vegetation.

References:

1. Bor, N.L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambusae) Pergamon Press, Oxford. (p. 306)

2. Burkhill, H.M. 1994. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Families E

- I. 2 nd
edition. Royal Botanic Gar dens, Kew. (p. 231)

3. Chippindall, L.K.A. 1955. Part 1. A Guide to the Identification of Grasses in South Africa. In: Meredith, D. (ed.) The Grasses and Pastures of South Africa. Central News Agency. (pp. 418

- 419)

4. Clayton, W.D. 1989. 200. Gramineae (Panice ae, Isachneae and Aruninelleae) In: Lunert, E. and Pope, G.V. (eds.) Flora Zambesiaca Volume Ten Part Three. Flora Zambesiaca Management Committee, London. (pp. 136, 142

- 143)

5. Clayton, W.D. and Renvoize, S.A. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). In: (Polhill, R.M. (e d.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam. (pp. 630

- 632, incl. illustration)

6. Drummond, R.B. 1984. Arable Weeds of Zimbabwe. Agricultural Research Trust of Zimbabwe, Harare. (pp. 108

- 109)

7. Gibbs Russell, G.E, Watson, L., Koekemoer, M., Smook, L., Barker, N.P., Anderson, H.M. and Dellwitz, M.J. 1990. Grasses of Southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No 58. (p. 113)

8. Häfliger, E. and Scholz, H. 1980. Grass Weeds 1. Documenta Ciba

- Geigy, Basel. (p. 52)

9. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.10. Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. and Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Volume 3 Part 2. Crown Agents, Lo ndon. (p. 452)

11. Kostermans, A.J.G.H., Wirjahardja, S. and Dekker, R.J. 1987. The weeds: description, ecology and control. In: Soerjani, M., Kostermans, A.J.G.H. and Tjitrosoepomo, G. (eds.) Weeds of Rice in Indonesia. SEAMEO, BIOTROP. (pp. 412

- 413, incl . illustration)

12. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

13. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the

Unit ed States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 67)

14. Shukla, U. 1996. The Grasses of North

- eastern India. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. (pp.

321

- 322)

15. Stroud, A. and Parker, C. 1989. A Weed Identification Guide for Ethiopia. FAO, Rome. (pp . 134

- 135)

16. Terry, P.J. 1984. A Guide to Weed Control in East African Crops. Kenya Literature Bureau, Nairobi. (p. 168)

17. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Accesse d on February, 2012. Online at

htt p://www.tropicos.org/Name/9906183

.

18. USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) on

- line database. ARS National Genetic Resources Program. Accessed on line February, 2011 at http: //www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?14114

.

19. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA

70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants

.

20. Vernon, D. 1983. Field Guide to Important Arable Weeds of Zambia. Department of Agriculture, Chilanga, Zambia. (pp. 112

- 113)

21. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants i n southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. (p. 209)

22. Wiersma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton. (p. 209)United States Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plant H ealth Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows

the APHIS Administr ator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1 ) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb 3

Family: Cyperaceae 3

Synonyms: Scirpus ciliaris L. 3

Common names: umbrella grass, yaa khom baang klom 3

Distribution of plant:

Ethiopia

, Sudan, Kenya

, Tanzania, Cote D'Ivoire

, Ghana

, Guinea

, Niger

, Nigeria

, Senegal

, Sierra Leone

, Togo, Angola

, Mozambique, Botswana

, Namibia

, South Africa, Swaziland, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, India

, Sri Lanka, Indonesia

, Malaysia

, Philippines, Australia 3

Distribution in the United States: none reported 4

Damage potential of plant:

Fuirena ciliaris was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosys tems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 2

. F. ciliaris is a weed of rice in Indonesia 3

, and has been declared a threat to the Pacific Islands ecosyst em 1

.

References:

1. Pacific Islands Ecosystem at Risk project (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems. Accessed February 13, 2012 online at http://www.hear.org/Pier/index.html

.2. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

3. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National G ermplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 13, 2012 online at http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?402830

.

4. USDA, NRCS. The PLA NTS database. Accessed February 13, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/news

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA

70874

- 4490 USA.United States Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows

the APHIS Adminis trator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b) (1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Gnaphalium affine D. Don 4

Family: Asteraceae 4

Synonyms: Gnaphalium multic eps Wall. ex DC. 4

Distribution of plant:

China, Japan, Korea

, Taiwan, Nepal, Indochina

, Myanmar

, Thailand 4 , Egypt, Kenya, Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported 5

Damage potential of plant:

Gnaphalium affine was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 3

. G. affine i s a principal weed of Japan and a common weed of Taiwan, Egypt, Kenya, Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa 1

.

References:

1. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds . Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

2. Missouri Botani cal Garden, W 3 TROPICOS Nomenclatural Database. Flora of China #

50043981 . Accessed February 13, 2012 online at http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi

bin/search_vast

.3. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

4. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources L aboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 13, 2012 online at http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?423881

.

5. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. Accessed February 13, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490

USA.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Plant Protec tion and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet de tails the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHI S, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze 15

Family: P oaceae 15

Synonyms:

Isachne australis R. Br. Milium globosum Thunb. 15
Agrostis globosa (Thunb.) Poir. Eriochloa globosa (Thunb.) Poir.

Distribution of plant:

China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines , Australia 15

, Thailand, and Vietnam 7

Distribution in the United States: none reported 16

Damage potential of plant:

Isachne globosa is a serious weed in Sri Lanka 7 . It is named as one of the four most

frequent weeds of rice in six growing areas in Sri Lanka 3 , and it has also been reported in

soy bean 9 . In Indonesia it is a weed of lowland

- irrigated and rain

- fed rice, while in marshes it may form large cushions, sometimes dominant, capable of invading cultivated

. Sometimes I. globosa is cultivated as a fo rage grass 8 . It is common throughout Japan,from cool temperate to subtropical regions, occurring in lake margins, ditches and rice

fields 9

. I. globosa is palatable to cattle, but is a troublesome weed in rice crops 2

. It appears to have the potential to be come a serious weed of rice and wetlands in warm regions of the United States.

References:

1. Barnes, D. E. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia and Their Control. Ancom Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 349 pp.

2. Bor, N. L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, Indi a and Pakistan (excluding Bambusae). Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK. 767 pp.

3. Chandrasena, J.P.N.R. 1987. Rice

– Field weeds in the Colombo and Gampaha districts of Sri Lanka. J. Natn. Sci. Coun. Sri Lanka 15(2): 249

- 265.

4. Edgar, E., and H. E. Connor. 2000: F lora of New Zealand Vol. 5, Grasses. Whenua Press, Lincoln, Manaaki, New Zealand.

5. Grosse, W., K. Jovy, and H. Tiebel. 1996. Influence of plants on redox potential and methane production in water

- saturated soil. Hydrobiologia 340:93

– 99.

6. Häfliger, E., an d H. Scholz. 1980. Grass weeds 1. Weeds of the subfamily Panicoideae.

CIBA

- GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 123 pp.

7. Holm, L. G., J. V. Pancho, J. P. Herberger, and D. L. Plunknett. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 391 pp.

8. Kostermans, A. J. G. H., S. Wirjahardja, and R. J. Dekker. 1987. The weeds: description, ecology and control. Pages 24

- 565 in M. Soerjani, A. J. G. H. Kostermans, and G. Tjitrosoepomo (eds.). Weeds of Rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, In donesia.

9. Marambe, B. 1998. The mechanism of weed interference in soyabean. Tropical Science

38:138

– 146.

10. Morita, H. 1997. Handbook of Arable Weeds of Japan. Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan.

11. Numata, M., and N. Yoshikawa (eds.). 1975. We ed Flora of Japan Illustrated by Colour. Zenkoku Noson Kyporku Kyokai. Tokyo, Japan. 414 pp.

12. Pancho, J. V., and M. Soerjani. 1978. Aquatic Weeds of Southeast Asia. SEAMEO Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP), Bogor, Indonesia.

13. Shukla, U. 1996 . The Grasses of North

- Eastern India. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. 404 pp.14. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Last accessed February 2012, from http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25538092

.

15. USDA. Germplasm Information Network (GRIN). ARS National Genetic Resources Program. Last accessed February, 2012, from http://www.ars

- grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

bin/taxon.pl?447377

.

16. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490

USA.

17. Wang,Z. R. 1990. Farmland Weeds in China. A Collection of Colored Illustrative Plates. Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing, China. 506 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluatio n Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the

determi nation that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Ischaemum muticum L. 9

Family: Poaceae 8,9

Synonyms: Ischaemum glabratum J. Presl 8

Ischaemum repens Roxb. 8

Anatherum murinus (G. Forst.) Steud. 8

Anatherum muticum (L.) P. Beauv. 8
Andropogon muticus (L.) Steud. 8
Andropogon polymorphus Steud. 8
Andropogon relictus (J. Presl) Steud. 8
Andropogon repens (Roxb.) Steud. 8

Common names: seashore centipede g rass 9 , drought grass 9

, bamboo grass, suket resap, rumput kerupet, rumput keremau, rumput tembaga jantan, ya

- waitham, mom trui, bambusgras 6

Distribution of plant:

China, Japan, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Myanmar

, Thailand, Indonesia

, Malaysia

, Pa pua New Guinea

, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia 1,4,9,12

, Borneo, Nicaragua 5Distribution in the United States: none reported 10

Damage potential of plant:

Ischaemum muticum is recorded as a principal weed in Malaysia and Borneo 5 . It is an opportuni stic and aggressive colonizer of open and disturbed habitats that can develop into huge thickets in drainage channels and ditches 6 . On the edges of secondary forest, plants grow very large, scrambling among bushes. It tolerates wet conditions, especially

f looding, and short dry periods. It is usually found in areas receiving more than 1500 mm rainfall annually. This species has potential to invade wetter parts of the United States and cause problems in perennial crops and natural vegetation.

References:

1. B arnes, D. E. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia and Their Control. Ancom Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 349 pp.

2. Bor, N. L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambusae). Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK. 767 pp.

3. CABI. 1999. Crop Pr otection Compendium (CD ROM). CAB International, Wallingford,

UK.

4. Häfliger, E., and H. Scholz. 1980. Grass weeds 1. Weeds of the subfamily Panicoideae.

CIBA

- GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 123 pp.

5. Holm, L. G., J. V. Pancho, J. P. Herberger, and D. L. P lunknett. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 391 pp.

6. Ipor, I. B., and B. B. Baki. 1992. Ischaemum muticum L. In L. ‘t Mannetje and R. M. Jones (eds.). Plant Resources of South

- East Asia (PROSEA) 4. Forages. Pudoc,

W ageningen, The Netherlands. 304 pp.

7. Reed, C. F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds: Potential Problems in the United States. Agriculture Handbook No. 498. USDA.

8. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden

. Last accessed February 2012, from http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25520996

.

9. USDA. Germplasm Information Network (GRIN). ARS National Genetic Resources Program. Last accessed February 2012, from http://www.ars

- grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

bin/taxon.pl?20484

.

10. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490

USA.11. Waterhouse, D. F. 1993. The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia: Distribution, Importance and Origin. ACIAR Monograph No. 21, ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) Canberra, Australia. 141 pp.

12. Wiersema, J. H., and B. Leon. 1999. World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 749 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Eva luation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the

d etermination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more informat ion. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth 13

Family: Cyperaceae 13

Synonyms: Kyllinga aromatica Ridley 3
Kyllinga erecta Schumacher var. polyphylla (Kunth) 3

Cyperus aromaticus (Ridl.) Mattf. & Kük 13

Common names: Navua sedge, greater kyll inga, tuise tele

, tuise fiti

, greater kyllinga, shui

wu gong

Distribution of plant:

South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and Seychelles 13 , Australia, Brunei, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Martinique, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sri

Lanka , Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam 1,13

.

Distribution in the United States: none reported 14

Damage potential of plant:

Kyllinga polyphylla is recorded as a principal weed in Mauritius 4 . It is an extremely aggressive and unpalatable plant, capable of smothe ring many tropical pasture speciesand having little value itself, reducing pasture production 4 . It is a strong competitor for nutrients, light, and moisture at the same time, harbours rats, plant pests, and diseases. It is most aggressive in areas where rainfall exceeds 2500 mm annually. In areas with rainfall less than 2000 mm and a distinct dry season, K. polyphylla is usually confined to

the wetter low

- lying pastures and waste places. It does not establish in areas with a prolonged dry spell. There are records of occurrence in rice, pineapple, watermelon, and vegetables 10 . It is reported as a ‘widespread and very important’ weed in Fiji, French Polynesia and western Samoa 11 . In Australia, although previously restricted to Queensland, it is now occurring also in New South Wales 5

.

Kyllinga polyphylla has potential to enter the United States as a contaminant of grass seed and to become a weed of pastures and natural vegetati on in any tropical region of the

United States

.

References:

1. Australian Weeds Com mittee. Noxious weed list for Australian States and Territories. Last accessed February, 2012, from http://www.weeds.org.au/noxious.htm

.

2. Häfliger, E. and Scholz, H. 1982. Monocot Weeds 3. Documenta Ciba

- Geigy, Basel. (p. 50).

3. Haines, R.W. and Lye, K.A. 1983. The Sedges and Rushes of East Africa. East African Natural History Society, Nairobi. (p. 239).

4. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical

Atlas of World Weeds . New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

5. Hosking, J. R., Groves, R. H. 1998. Recent naturalisations of species in Australia

- some species which could become a problem in New South Wales. In: Michelmore, M. (ed.) Improving weed management for the 21s t century. Proceedings of the 9th biennial noxious weeds conference, Dubbo, Australia, 16

- 18 September 1997. pp.58

- 63.

6. Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. and Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Volume 3 Part 2. Crown Agents, London. (p. 307).

7. Mu ne, T.L. and Parham, J.W. 1967. The Declared Noxious Weeds of Fiji and their Control. Third edition. 87 pp.Bulletin No. 48. Department of Agriculture, Fiji. (p. 64

- 68).

8. Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G. 1992. Noxious Weeds of Australia. Inkata Press,

M elbourne. (pp. 53

- 55).

9. Swarbrick, J. T. 1997. Weeds of the Pacific Islands. Technical paper No. 209. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 124 p.

10. Waterhouse, D.F. 1993. The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture of SoutheastAsia. ACI AR, Canberra.

11. Waterhouse, D.F. 1997. The major invertebrate pests and weeds of agriculture and plantation forestry in the southern and western Pacific. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra. 69pp.

12. Whistler, W.A. 1983. Weed Handbook of Western Polynesia. GTZ, Eschborn, Germany. (p. 79).

13. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP), Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryla nd . Accessed on February, 2012, Online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?447348

.

14. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. Accessed February, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/plants

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490

USA.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planti ng as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APH IS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Kyllinga pulchella Kunth 5

Family: Cyperaceae 1

Synonyms: Cyperus teneristolon Mattf. & Kük 5

Common names: esaka 4

Distribution of plant:

Africa 5

, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia 4

, Australia 2

Distribution in the United States: none reported 6

Damage potential of plant:

Kyllinga pulchella was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 3

. K. pulchella is on the Australian alert list

as a threat to bio

- diversity and the environment. Propagating by rhizomes, stolons and seed, it is a significant we ed of crops of the eastern African highlands, such as Kenya 1,2,4

.

References:

1. Alert list for environmental weed. Weed Management Guide. 2003. Accessed January

2012 online at: http://www.weeds.gov.au/publications/guidelines/alert/c

teneristolon.html

.2. Australian Government, Department of Environment and Heritage. Weeds on the National Environmental Alert List. Accessed January, 2012 online at http://www.weeds.gov.au/cgi

- bin/weeddetails.pl?taxon_id=67172

.

3. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Sc ience 55:386

- 397

4. Terry, P. J. and Michieka, R. W. 1987. Common Weeds of eastern Africa, Magugu ya Afrika Mashariki, FAO, Rome. 184pp.

5. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP), Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed January 2012 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?462795

.

6. USDA, NRCS. The PLANT S database. National Plant Data Center (NPDC), Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed January 2012 online at. http://plants.usda.gov/java/news

.United States Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plan t Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows

the APHIS Admini strator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b )(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Mollugo pentaphylla L. 4

Family: Molluginaceae 4

Synonyms: none reported 4

Common names: mollugo 4

Distribution of plant:

China, Japan, India, Vietnam, Indonesia

, Malaysia

, Philippines

, Australia 4 ,Thailand, Pakistan, Myanmar, Korea, Nepal, and Papua New Guinea 3

Distribution in the United States: none reported 5

Damage potential of plant:

Mollugo pentaphylla was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 2

. A weed of ric e, rubber plantations 4

, cultivated fields, wastes areas, lowlands and hills 3

, M. pentaphylla is a principal weed in Indonesia and Malaysia and a common weed in the Philippines, Japan,

Thailand and Taiwan 1

.

References:

1. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger , J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.2. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

3. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds, potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA, ARS, APHIS.

4. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online D atabase] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 13, 2012 at http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?423478

5. USDA, N RCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA

70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed online February 13, 2012 at http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MOPE5#United S tates Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the Uni ted States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NA PPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Myoporum tenuifolium G.Fors t. 3

Family: Scrophulariaceae 3

Synonyms: none found 3

Common names: none found 3

Distribution of plant:

New Caledonia 3

, South Africa, Portugal 2, 5

Distribution in the United States: none reported 4

Damage potential of plant:

Myoporum tenuifolium was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 1

. In South Africa, it is prohibited with mandatory control 2,5

. This invasive tropical tree is reported as an aboriginal species with known ecological risk in Portugal 5

.

References:

1. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United Sta tes. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

2. Plants of South Africa

. Accessed February 15, 2012 online athttp://www.plantzafrica.com/miscell/aliens4.htm

3. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Ge rmplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 15, 2012 online at http://www.ars

grin.g ov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?462804

4. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA

70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February 15, 2012 online at http://plants.us da.gov/java/nameSearch

5. Yoshioka Toshiya . 2005. Invasive Plants Database: Accessed February 15, 2012 online at http://invasive.m

- fuukei.jp/sdetail.php?g=Myoporum&s=tenuifoliumUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pe sts into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extrac ted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/Weed s/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Ottochloa nodosa ( Kunth ) Dandy 12, 13

Family: Poaceae 1 3

Synonyms:

Panicum nodosum Kunth 12, 13

Panicum arnottianum (Nees ex Steud.) Panicum aequabile Domin

Panicum multinode J. Presl

Panicum uroc hloides (Büse) Boerl.

Ottochloa arnottiana (Nees ex Steud.) Dandy Digitaria divulsa Mez Digitaria urochloides Büse Hemigymnia multinodis Stapf Ichnanthus oblongus Hughes

Common names: Slender panic grass 13

Distribution of plant:

Cameroon, Congo, Gab on, Zaire, China, Taiwan, India, Indochina, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Australia 1 3

, Mexico

, New

Guinea 4, 9

Distribution in the United States : none reported 14Damage potential of plant:

O ttochloa nodosa i s recorded as a principal weed of Malaysia 6

. It is noted a s one of the most problematic weeds in young rubber plantations in Indonesia 11

, and similarly

describe d as one of the dominant weeds in rubber and oil palm in Malaysia 7

. Based on its

wide distribut ion and ability to invade plantation crops and forest margins it has potential to invade tropical regions of the U nited S tates

.

References:

1. Barnes, D.E. and Chan, L.G. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia and their Control. Ancom Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. ( pp. 60

- 61)

.

2. Bayer AG. 1982. Important Crops of the World and their Weeds. 2 nd edition. Bayer AG., Leverkusen. 1682 pp.

3. Bor, N.L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambusae) Pergamon Press, Oxford. (p. 318)

.

4. Häfliger, E. a nd Scholz, H. 1980. Grass Weeds 1. Documenta Ciba

- Geigy, Basel. (p. 74)

.

5. Hitchcock, A.S. 1950. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. 2 nd edition revised by Agnes Chase. USDA Miscellaneous Publication 200. 1051 pp.

6. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herber ger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

7. Lam, C. H., Lim, J. K. and Jantan, B. 1993. Comparative studies of a paraquat mixture and glyphosate and/or its mixtures on weed successio n in plantation crops. Planter 69:

525

- 535.

8. Mannetje, L.T., Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy Plant Description. Accessed from the Food and Agriculture Organization Accessed February 15, 2012 . http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Gbase/data/pf000491.htm

9. Ree d, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 122)

.

10. Shukla, U. 1996. The Grasses of North

- eastern India. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. (pp.

333

- 334)

.

11. Sur yaningtyas, H. and Terry, P. J. 1993. Critical period of weed competition in rubber seedlings. Brighton crop protection conference, weeds. Proceedings of an international conference, Brighton, UK, 1993: 1177

- 1181.12. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. February 15, 2012 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25509799

.

13. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2001. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Reso urces Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 15, 2012 online at: http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?26178

.

14. USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Accessed February 15, 2012 database http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=OTNO

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA.

15. Wiersma, J.H. and Le o n, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard r eference. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 749 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest pl ant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Persicaria thunbergii (Sieb. & Zucc.) H. Gross 4

Family: Polygonaceae 4

Synonym: Polygonum thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc 4

Common names: mizosoba 5

Distribution of plant:

China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan 3 , Georgia, Russian Federation 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported 5

Damage potential of plant:

P ersicaria thunbergii was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geograph ic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 2

. A thorny weed of wet areas 3

, P. thunbergii is a principal weed of Japan 1

.

References:

1. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical

Atlas of World Weeds . Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

2. Parker, C. , Caton, B.P., & Fowler , L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 3973. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds

, p otential problems in the

United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 498.

4

. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland . Accessed February 14, 2012 online at http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?462808

5. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA

70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February 14, 2012 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch

.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Q uarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain ta xa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Pycreus flavidus (Retz.) T. Koyama 14

Family: Cyperaceae

Synonyms: Cyperus flavidus Retz. 1 5
Cyperus globosus All 15

C

yperu s . flavidus Vahl 8
Pycreus globosus Retz. 8

P

ycreus capillaris (J. Konig.) ex Retz. Nees. 10

Common names: tiririca 14

Distribution of plant:

Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Australia , Germany, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, France, Spain,

Indonesia 7

, Bulgaria, Switzerland 3

, China 14

.

Distribution in the United States: none reported 16

Damage potential of plant:

P

ycreus flavidus is recorded as a principal weed of India, Japan and Taiwan 5

. P ycreus flavidus was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential,damage potential and entry potential 12

. It is a widespread and serio us weed of rice, in a wide range of climates from tropical to temperate, with the ability to perennate an d persist in any wet situation. It has serious potential to invade tropic al and sub

- tropical

areas of the United States and cause harm in rice crops an d in natural vegetation.

References:

1. Barnes, D.E. and Chan, L.G. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia and their Control. Ancom Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. (pp. 108

- 109)

.

2. Bayer AG. 1982. Important Crops of the World and their Weeds. 2 nd edition. Bayer AG., Leverkusen. 1682 pp.

3. DeFilippi, R.A. 1980. 7. Cyperus L. In: T utin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. and Webb, D.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea, Volume 5. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cam bridge University Press. (p. 287)

.

4. Häfliger, E. and Scholz, H. 1982. Monocot Weeds 3. Documenta Ciba

- Geigy, Basel. (p. 50)

.

5. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: Jo hn Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

6. Islam, M. 1989. Aquatic Weeds of North

- east India. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun, India. (p. 52)

.

7. Kostermans, A.J.G.H., Wirjahardja, S. and Dekker, R.J. 1987. The weeds: description, ecology and control. I n: Soerjani, M., Kostermans, A.J.G.H. and Tjitrosoepomo, G. (eds.) Weeds of Rice in Indonesia. SEAMEO, BIOTROP (pp. 170

- 171)

.

8. Mobot. 2000. W3TROPICOS data base. Missouri Botanic Garden. Accessed February
21, 2012 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/99096 91

9. Morita, H. 1997. Handbook of Arable Weeds of Japan. Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (p. 48)

.

10. Noltie, H.J. 2000. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling. Volume 3 Part 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. (p. 322).

11. Numata, M. and Yoshikawa, N. (eds.) 1975. Weed Flora of Japan Illustrated by Colour. Zenkoku Noson Kyporku Kyokai. (p. 326)

.

12. Parker. C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the Un ited States. Weed Science 55:386

- 39713. Randall, Rod P. 2002. A Global Compendium of of Weeds . Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia . Accessed February 14, 2012

at: http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/pycreus_flavidus/

.

14. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 175).

15. USDA, ARS, Nat ional Genetic Resources Program. 2001. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 14, 2012 online at : http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?409595

.

16. USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS database . Accessed February 14, 2012 at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490

USA.

17. Wang, Z., Xin, M. and Ma, D. (eds.) 1990. Farmland Weeds of China. Agricultural Publishing House. (p. 468)

.

18. Wiersma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard reference. CRC
Press, Boca Raton. 749 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantin e pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon shoul d be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is ex tracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

more information. http://wssa.net/ Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Rubus alceifolius Poir 5,6,7

Family: Rosaceae 5, 7

Synonyms: Rubus fimbriifer Focke 5, 7
Rubus alceaefolius Poir. 4

Common names : giant bramble 7 , cu ye xuan gou zi 7

Distribution of plant:

Ch ina, Taiwan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam 7

, Australia

, La

Reunion 1

, 3

Distribution in the United States : none reported 8

Damage potential of plant:

R. alceifolius is recorded by as a principal weed or noxious weed in Australia 1 ,4 . Risk assessment by the Australian method gave a score of 11 5 . It is also listed by the

International Union for Conservation of Nature among the top 100 invasive species (35 plant species) of the world 2

.

Normally found on road shoulders and the edges o f rainforest R. alceifolius readilyinvades developing pastures, particularly on newly cleared lands. Because of the rate of vegetative growth and its barbed canes, it forms impenetrable thickets which reduce pasture productivity and may limit access to wa ter. Its fruit, though e dible, has no

commercial value 4 . In Reunion, it is one of the eight most threatening plant invaders to become established on the island, occurring not only on sites disturbed by man but also in primary forest with minimal disturbanc e 3

. It is s pread when birds and animals eat the fruits and by rooting at the tips of arching shoots. Control involves heavy cultivations and/or repeated use of potent herbicides, including imazapyr or triclopyr.

R. alceifolius is an extremely unpleasant w eed species with potential for serious impact on natural vegetation in tropical and subtropic al regions of the United States

.

References:

1. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, U SA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

2. IUCN 2000. Invasive Species Specialist Group. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Accessed February 2012 Online at

ht tp://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1265&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN

3. Macdonald, I. A. W., Thébaud, C., Strahm, W. A. and Strasberg, D. 1991. Effects of alien plant invasions on native vegetation remnants on La Réunion (Mascarene Islands,

Indian Oc ean). Environmental Conservation 1991, 18: 51

- 61.

4. Parsons, W. T. and Cuthbertson, E. G. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne/Sydney. (pp. 575

- 577).

5. PIER. 2001. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) website

. Accessed February 2012

online: http://www.hear.org/pier/species/rubus_alceifolius.htm

.

6. Queensland. 2010. Giant bramble Rubus alceifolius . DNR facts pest series. PP 24. Agdex 646. Dept. of Natural Resources, Queensland Government

. Accessed February 2012 via http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA

- Giant

Bramble

- PP24.pdf

.

7. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2001. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 2012 Online at: < http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?32252

.

8. USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS database

. Accessed February 2012 online <http://plants.usda.gov/java/ >. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490

USA.9. Wie rsma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 749 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quaranti ne Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not

authori zed pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in m aking the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for

mo re information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm

Quarantine Pest Plant: Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. 10

Family: Alismataceae 10

Synonyms: none found 10

Common names : pygmy arrowhead

, dwarf arrowhead , seta

- ana 10

Distribution of plant:

China , Japan, Korea, Taiwan 9, 10, 12

Distribution in the United States : none reported 1 1

Damage potential of plant:

S agittaria pygmaea is recorded as a principal weed of Japan 5 . In China a combination of

Juncellus serotinus and S. pygmaea reduced rice yield by 55% 14 . In Korea, S. pygmaea is among the most serious weeds of mechanically transplanted rice and in butachlor

- treated

rice 1

, 8

. S. pygmaea is among the most troublesome perennial wee ds of rice in Japan 4

. It is

one of the most serious weeds of rice in Taiwan 2 and other Asian countries

.

It is not readily controlled by standard herbicide treatments and represents a significant

t hreat to rice cultivation in the United States , with addit ional potential to invade wetlands.References:

1. Chae JeCheon and Guh JaOck. 1999. Occurrence and control of weeds in direct

- seeded rice paddy in Korea. Journal of Weed Science and Technology 44: 391

- 404.

2. Chiang, Y. J. and Leu, L. S. 1987. Effect of app lication timing and residual period of Londax on main paddy weeds in Taiwan. Proceedings, 11th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference., 1987, pp.223

- 231.

3. Häfliger, E. and Scholz, H. 1982. Monocot Weeds 3. Documenta Ciba

- Geigy, Basel. (p. 84)

.

4. Har ada, J. and Sumiyoshi, T. 1990. Some problems in the control of perennial weeds of paddy fields in the Tohoku region. Report of the Tohoku Branch, the Crop Science Society of Japan, 1990, No.33, pp.4

- 7

.

5. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Pluckn ett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

6. Morita, H. 1997. Handbook of Arable Weeds of Japan. Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 128 Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential pr oblems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 23)

.

7. Numata, M. and Yoshikawa, N. (eds.) 1975. Weed Flora of Japan Illustrated by Colour. Zenkoku Noson Kyporku Kyokai. (p. 255)

.

8. Park KwangHo. 1999. GIS application in weed management system. 3. Weed population changes of rice paddy field as affected by herbicides. Korean Journal of Weed Science

19: 98

- 104.

9. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook N o. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 13)

.

10. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2001. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars

- grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?401824

.

11. USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS database. Accessed February 2012 online <http://plants.usda.gov/java/ >. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490

USA.

12. Wang, Z., Xin, M. and Ma, D. (eds.) 1990. Farmland Weeds of China. Agricultural Publishing House. (p. 385)

.

13. Wiersma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton. (p. 209)

.14. Wu JingLun and Zhou HengCha ng. 2000. Rice yield loss caused by weed combination Juncellus serotinus + Sagittaria pygmaea . Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences.16:

88

- 91.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

January 9 th , 2013

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain t axa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. 8

Family: Asteraceae (alt. Compositae) 8

Synonyms: Tarchonanthus camphoratus var. litakunensis (DC) Harv. 8

Tarchonanthus minor Less 1

Common names: camphorwood 8

Distribution of plant:

Australia 1

, Ethiopia

, Somalia

, Kenya

, Tanzania

, Uganda

, Angola Zimbabwe

, Botswana

, Lesotho

, Namibia

, South Africa

, Swaziland

, Saudi Arabia 8

Distribution in the United States: none reported 9

Damage potential of plant:

Tarchonanthus camphoratus was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 7

. T

. camphoratus is a tropical and sub

- tropical multi

- stemmed shrub that grows in semi

- a rid Africa and

Arabia 10 . The wooly fruits are blown along the ground, thus dispersing the seeds which germinate easily 4 . It grows quickly after fire, excluding other species and preventing the

re

- establishment of forest. Because it is an invasive colonize r 2 and unpalatable, it is considered a pest of rangeland 10

. T. camphorates is listed as a quarantine weed by

Western Australia 1

. It may cause lung damage if swallowed 6

.References:

1. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Accessed February 15, 2012. Available on the Internet

at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/tarchonanthus_camphoratus/

.

2. Agroforestry Tree Database. Accessed February 15, 2012. Available online at http://www.worldagroforestry.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID

=17949

.

3. Ebtesma, S. et al. 2002. Sesquiterpenes From Tarchonanthus camphorates : An

Alternat ive Natural Source of Parthenolide and of Feverfew ( Tanacetum Parthunium ). Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1.

4. Ecoport. Accessed February 15, 2012 Available online at http://ecoport.org/perl/ecoport15.pl?searchType=entityDisplay&entityId=10292

.

5. Invasive and Exotic Species. Accessed February 15, 2012. Available online at http://www.inv asive.org/browse/subject.cfm?sub=10889

.

6. Material Safety Data Sheet. Accessed February 15, 2012. Available online at http://www.libertynatural.com/msd/938.htm

.

7. Parker, C. , Caton, B.P., & Fowler

, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

8. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information

Network

- (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Reso urces Laboratory, Beltsville,Maryland Accessed on February 15, 2012, Online at http://www.ars

grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi

- bin/taxon.pl?80052

.

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