Date: April 13, 2010 

Subject: Redline Version of the NSPS for HMIWI Highlighting the Proposed Amendments 

EPA Contract No. EP-D-06-118; Work Assignment No. 3-09; SPPD No. 02/30 

RTI Project No. 0210426.003.009 

From: Thomas Holloway 

To: Ketan Patel 

OAQPS/SPPD/NRCG (E143-03) 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 

The purpose of this memorandum is to present a redline version of the new source 

performance standards (NSPS) for hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators (HMIWI), 

which shows the proposed revisions to the NSPS emissions limits for nitrogen oxides and sulfur 

dioxide for new large HMIWI and the proposed corrections to the cross-references in the 

reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
1

Subpart Ec—Standards of Performance for 

Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators for Which 

Construction is Commenced After June 20, 1996 

§60.50c Applicability and delegation of authority. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (h) of 

this section, the affected facility to which this subpart 

applies is each individual hospital/medical/infectious waste 

incinerator (HMIWI): 

(1) For which construction is commenced after June 20, 1996 

but no later than December 1, 2008; or 

(2) For which modification is commenced after March 16, 

1998 but no later than [INSERT DATE 6 MONTHS FROM PUBLICATION IN 

THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. 

(3) For which construction is commenced after December 1, 

2008; or 

(4) For which modification is commenced after [INSERT DATE 

6 MONTHS FROM PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. 

(b) A combustor is not subject to this subpart during 

periods when only pathological waste, low-level radioactive 

waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste (all defined in §60.51c) is 

burned, provided the owner or operator of the combustor: 

(1) Notifies the Administrator of an exemption claim; and 

(2) Keeps records on a calendar quarter basis of the 

periods of time when only pathological waste, low-level 

radioactivewaste and/or chemotherapeutic waste is burned. 
2

(c) Any co-fired combustor (defined in §60.51c) is not 

subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the co-fired 

combustor: 

(1) Notifies the Administrator of an exemption claim; 

(2) Provides an estimate of the relative amounts of 

hospital waste, medical/infectious waste, and other fuels and 

wastes to be combusted; and 

(3) Keeps records on a calendar quarter basis of the weight 

of hospital waste and medical/infectious waste combusted, and 

the weight of all other fuels and wastes combusted at the cofired combustor. 

(d) Any combustor required to have a permit under section 

3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is not subject to this 

subpart. 

(e) Any combustor which meets the applicability 

requirements under subpart Cb, Ea, or Eb of this part (standards 

or guidelines for certain municipal waste combustors) is not 

subject to this subpart. 

(f) Any pyrolysis unit (defined in §60.51c) is not subject 

to this subpart. 

(g) Cement kilns firing hospital waste and/or 

medical/infectious waste are not subject to this subpart. 

(h) Physical or operational changes made to an existing 

HMIWI solely for the purpose of complying with emission 
3

guidelines under subpart Ce are not considered a modification 

and do not result in an existing HMIWI becoming subject to this 

subpart. 

(i) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority 

to a State under section 111(c) of the Clean Air Act, the 

following authorities shall be retained by the Administrator and 

not transferred to a State: 

(1) The requirements of §60.56c(i) establishing operating 

parameters when using controls other than those listed in 

§60.56c(d). 

(2) Approval of alternative methods of demonstrating 

compliance under §60.8 including: 

(i) Approval of CEMS for PM, HCl, multi-metals, and Hg 

where used for purposes of demonstrating compliance, 

(ii) Approval of continuous automated sampling systems for 

dioxin/furan and Hg where used for purposes of demonstrating 

compliance, and 

(iii) Approval of major alternatives to test methods; 

(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring; 

(4) Waiver of recordkeeping requirements; and 

(5) Performance test and data reduction waivers under 

§60.8(b). 

(j) Affected facilities subject to this subpart are not 

subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 64. 
4

(k) The requirements of this subpart shall become effective 

March 16, 1998 

(l) Beginning September 15, 2000, or on the effective date 

of an EPA-approved operating permit program under Clean Air Act 

title V and the implementing regulations under 40 CFR part 70 in 

the State in which the unit is located, whichever date is later, 

affected facilities subject to this subpart shall operate 

pursuant to a permit issued under the EPA approved State 

operating permit program. 

(m) The requirements of this subpart as promulgated on 

September 15, 1997, shall apply to the affected facilities 

defined in paragraph (a)(1) and (2) of this section until the 

applicable compliance date of the requirements of subpart Ce of 

this part, as amended on [INSERT DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE 

FEDERAL REGISTER]. Upon the compliance date of the requirements 

of the amended subpart Ce of this part, affected facilities as 

defined in paragraph (a) of this section are no longer subject 

to the requirements of this subpart, but are subject to the 

requirements of subpart Ce of this part, as amended on [INSERT 

DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], except where the 

emissions limits of this subpart as promulgated on September 15, 

1997 are more stringent than the emissions limits of the amended 

subpart Ce of this part. Compliance with subpart Ce of this 

part, as amended on [INSERT DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL 
5

REGISTER] is required on or before the date 3 years after EPA 

approval of the state plan for states in which an affected 

facility as defined in paragraph (a) of this section is located 

(but not later than the date 5 years after promulgation of the 

amended subpart). 

(n) The requirements of this subpart, as amended on [INSERT 

DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], shall become 

effective [INSERT DATE 6 MONTHS FROM PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL 

REGISTER]. 

§60.51c Definitions. 

Bag leak detection system means an instrument that is 

capable of monitoring PM loadings in the exhaust of a fabric 

filter in order to detect bag failures. A bag leak detection 

system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that 

operates on triboelectric, light-scattering, lighttransmittance, or other effects to monitor relative PM loadings. 

Batch HMIWI means an HMIWI that is designed such that 

neither waste charging nor ash removal can occur during 

combustion. 

Biologicals means preparations made from living organisms 

and their products, including vaccines, cultures, etc., intended 

for use in diagnosing, immunizing, or treating humans or animals 

or in research pertaining thereto. 
6

Blood products means any product derived from human blood, 

including but not limited to blood plasma, platelets, red or 

white blood corpuscles, and other derived licensed products, 

such as interferon, etc. 

Body fluids means liquid emanating or derived from humans 

and limited to blood; dialysate; amniotic, cerebrospinal, 

synovial, pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluids; and semen 

and vaginal secretions. 

Bypass stack means a device used for discharging combustion 

gases to avoid severe damage to the air pollution control device 

or other equipment. 

Chemotherapeutic waste means waste material resulting from 

the production or use of antineoplastic agents used for the 

purpose of stopping or reversing the growth of malignant cells. 

Co-fired combustor means a unit combusting hospital waste 

and/or medical/infectious waste with other fuels or wastes 

(e.g., coal, municipal solid waste) and subject to an 

enforceable requirement limiting the unit to combusting a fuel 

feed stream, 10 percent or less of the weight of which is 

comprised, in aggregate, of hospital waste and 

medical/infectious waste as measured on a calendar quarter 

basis. For purposes of this definition, pathological waste, 

chemotherapeutic waste, and low-level radioactive waste are 
7

considered ``other'' wastes when calculating the percentage of 

hospital waste and medical/infectious waste combusted. 

Commercial HMIWI means a HMIWI which offers incineration 

services for hospital/medical/infectious waste generated offsite 

by firms unrelated to the firm that owns the HMIWI. 

Continuous emission monitoring system or CEMS means a 

monitoring system for continuously measuring and recording the 

emissions of a pollutant from an affected facility. 

Continuous HMIWI means an HMIWI that is designed to allow 

waste charging and ash removal during combustion. 

Dioxins/furans means the combined emissions of tetrathrough octa-chlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans, 

as measured by EPA Reference Method 23. 

Dry scrubber means an add-on air pollution control system 

that injects dry alkaline sorbent (dry injection) or sprays an 

alkaline sorbent (spray dryer) to react with and neutralize acid 

gases in the HMIWI exhaust stream forming a dry powder material. 

Fabric filter or baghouse means an add-on air pollution 

control system that removes particulate matter (PM) and 

nonvaporous metals emissions by passing flue gas through filter 

bags. 

Facilities manager means the individual in charge of 

purchasing, maintaining, and operating the HMIWI or the owner's 

or operator's representative responsible for the management of 
8

the HMIWI. Alternative titles may include director of facilities 

or vice president of support services. 

High-air phase means the stage of the batch operating cycle 

when the primary chamber reaches and maintains maximum operating 

temperatures. 

Hospital means any facility which has an organized medical 

staff, maintains at least six inpatient beds, and where the 

primary function of the institution is to provide diagnostic and 

therapeutic patient services and continuous nursing care 

primarily to human inpatients who are not related and who stay 

on average in excess of 24 hours per admission. This definition 

does not include facilities maintained for the sole purpose of 

providing nursing or convalescent care to human patients who 

generally are not acutely ill but who require continuing medical 

supervision. 

Hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerator or HMIWI or

HMIWI unit means any device that combusts any amount of hospital 

waste and/or medical/infectious waste. 

Hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerator operator or

HMIWI operator means any person who operates, controls or 

supervises the day-to-day operation of an HMIWI. 

Hospital waste means discards generated at a hospital, 

except unused items returned to the manufacturer. The definition 
9

of hospital waste does not include human corpses, remains, and 

anatomical parts that are intended for interment or cremation. 

Infectious agent means any organism (such as a virus or 

bacteria) that is capable of being communicated by invasion and 

multiplication in body tissues and capable of causing disease or 

adverse health impacts in humans. 

Intermittent HMIWI means an HMIWI that is designed to allow 

waste charging, but not ash removal, during combustion. 

Large HMIWI means: 

(1) Except as provided in (2); 

(i) An HMIWI whose maximum design waste burning capacity is 

more than 500 pounds per hour; or 

(ii) A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum 

charge rate is more than 500 pounds per hour; or 

(iii) A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 

4,000 pounds per day. 

(2) The following are not large HMIWI: 

(i) A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge 

rate is less than or equal to 500 pounds per hour; or 

(ii) A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is less than 

or equal to 4,000 pounds per day. 

Low-level radioactive waste means waste material which 

contains radioactive nuclides emitting primarily beta or gamma 

radiation, or both, in concentrations or quantities that exceed 
10

applicable federal or State standards for unrestricted release. 

Low-level radioactive waste is not high-level radioactive waste, 

spent nuclear fuel, or by-product material as defined by the 

Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(e)(2)). 

Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not 

reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control 

equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a 

normal or usual manner. Failures that are caused, in part, by 

poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions. 

During periods of malfunction the operator shall operate within 

established parameters as much as possible, and monitoring of 

all applicable operating parameters shall continue until all 

waste has been combusted or until the malfunction ceases, 

whichever comes first. 

Maximum charge rate means: 

(1) For continuous and intermittent HMIWI, 110 percent of 

the lowest 3-hour average charge rate measured during the most 

recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all 

applicable emission limits. 

(2) For batch HMIWI, 110 percent of the lowest daily charge 

rate measured during the most recent performance test 

demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limits. 

Maximum design waste burning capacity means: 

(1) For intermittent and continuous HMIWI, 
11

C=PV x 15,000/8,500 

Where: 

C=HMIWI capacity, lb/hr 

PV=primary chamber volume, ft3

15,000=primary chamber heat release rate factor, Btu/ft3

/hr 

8,500=standard waste heating value, Btu/lb; 

(2) For batch HMIWI, 

C=PV x 4.5/8 

Where: 

C=HMIWI capacity, lb/hr 

PV=primary chamber volume, ft3

4.5=waste density, lb/ft3

8=typical hours of operation of a batch HMIWI, hours. 

Maximum fabric filter inlet temperature means 110 percent 

of the lowest 3-hour average temperature at the inlet to the 

fabric filter (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured 

during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance 

with the dioxin/furan emission limit. 

Maximum flue gas temperature means 110 percent of the 

lowest 3-hour average temperature at the outlet from the wet 

scrubber (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured 

during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance 

with the mercury (Hg) emission limit. 

Medical/infectious waste means any waste generated in the 

diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or 
12

animals, in research pertaining thereto, or in the production or 

testing of biologicals that is listed in paragraphs (1) through 

(7) of this definition. The definition of medical/infectious 

waste does not include hazardous waste identified or listed 

under the regulations in part 261 of this chapter; household 

waste, as defined in §261.4(b)(1) of this chapter; ash from 

incineration of medical/infectious waste, once the incineration 

process has been completed; human corpses, remains, and 

anatomical parts that are intended for interment mation; and 

domestic sewage materials identified in §261.4(a)(1) of this 

chapter. 

(1) Cultures and stocks of infectious agents and associated 

biologicals, including: cultures from medical and pathological 

laboratories; cultures and stocks of infectious agents from 

research and industrial laboratories; wastes from the production 

of biologicals; discarded live and attenuated vaccines; and 

culture dishes and devices used to transfer, inoculate, and mix 

cultures. 

(2) Human pathological waste, including tissues, organs, 

and body parts and body fluids that are removed during surgery 

or autopsy, or other medical procedures, and specimens of body 

fluids and their containers. 

(3) Human blood and blood products including: 

(i) Liquid waste human blood; 
13

(ii) Products of blood; 

(iii) Items saturated and/or dripping with human blood; or 

(iv) Items that were saturated and/or dripping with human 

blood that are now caked with dried human blood; including 

serum, plasma, and other blood components, and their containers, 

which were used or intended for use in either patient care, 

testing and laboratory analysis or the development of 

pharmaceuticals. Intravenous bags are also include in this 

category. 

(4) Sharps that have been used in animal or human patient 

care or treatment or in medical, research, or industrial 

laboratories, including hypodermic needles, syringes (with or 

without the attached needle), pasteur pipettes, scalpel blades, 

blood vials, needles with attached tubing, and culture dishes 

(regardless of presence of infectious agents). Also included are 

other types of broken or unbroken glassware that were in contact 

with infectious agents, such as used slides and cover slips. 

(5) Animal waste including contaminated animal carcasses, 

body parts, and bedding of animals that were known to have been 

exposed to infectious agents during research (including research 

in veterinary hospitals), production of biologicals or testing 

of pharmaceuticals. 

(6) Isolation wastes including biological waste and 

discarded materials contaminated with blood, excretions, 
14

exudates, or secretions from humans who are isolated to protect 

others from certain highly communicable diseases, or isolated 

animals known to be infected with highly communicable diseases. 

(7) Unused sharps including the following unused, discarded 

sharps: hypodermic needles, suture needles, syringes, and 

scalpel blades. 

Medium HMIWI means: 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2); 

(i) An HMIWI whose maximum design waste burning capacity is 

more than 200 pounds per hour but less than or equal to 500 

pounds per hour; or 

(ii) A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum 

charge rate is more than 200 pounds per hour but less than or 

equal to 500 pounds per hour; or 

(iii) A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 

1,600 pounds per day but less than or equal to 4,000 pounds per 

day. 

(2) The following are not medium HMIWI: 

(i) A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge 

rate is less than or equal to 200 pounds per hour or more than 

500 pounds per hour; or 

(ii) A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 

4,000 pounds per day or less than or equal to 1,600 pounds per 

day. 
15

Minimum dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate means 90 percent of 

the highest 3-hour average dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate 

(taken, at a minimum, once every hour) measured during the most 

recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the 

dioxin/furan emission limit. 

Minimum Hg sorbent flow rate means 90 percent of the 

highest 3-hour average Hg sorbent flow rate (taken, at a 

minimum, once every hour) measured during the most recent 

performance test demonstrating compliance with the Hg emission 

limit. 

Minimum hydrogen chloride (HCl) sorbent flow rate means 90 

percent of the highest 3-hour average HCl sorbent flow rate 

(taken, at a minimum, once every hour) measured during the most 

recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the HCl 

emission limit. 

Minimum horsepower or amperage means 90 percent of the 

highest 3-hour average horsepower or amperage to the wet 

scrubber (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured 

during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance 

with the applicable emission limits. 

Minimum pressure drop across the wet scrubber means 90 

percent of the highest 3-hour average pressure drop across the 

wet scrubber PM control device (taken, at a minimum, once every 
16

minute) measured during the most recent performance test 

demonstrating compliance with the PM emission limit. 

Minimum reagent flow rate means 90 percent of the highest 

3-hour average reagent flow rate at the inlet to the selective 

noncatalytic reduction technology (taken, at a minimum, once 

every minute) measured during the most recent performance test 

demonstrating compliance with the NOX emissions limit. 

Minimum scrubber liquor flow rate means 90 percent of the 

highest 3-hour average liquor flow rate at the inlet to the wet 

scrubber (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured 

during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance 

with all applicable emission limits. 

Minimum scrubber liquor pH means 90 percent of the highest 

3-hour average liquor pH at the inlet to the wet scrubber 

(taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the 

most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the 

HCl emission limit. 

Minimum secondary chamber temperature means 90 percent of 

the highest 3-hour average secondary chamber temperature (taken, 

at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent 

performance test demonstrating compliance with the PM, CO, 

dioxin/furan, and NOX emissions limits. 

Modification or Modified HMIWI means any change to an HMIWI 

unit after the effective date of these standards such that: 
17

(1) The cumulative costs of the modifications, over the 

life of the unit, exceed 50 per centum of the original cost of 

the construction and installation of the unit (not including the 

cost of any land purchased in connection with such construction 

or installation) updated to current costs, or 

(2) The change involves a physical change in or change in 

the method of operation of the unit which increases the amount 

of any air pollutant emitted by the unit for which standards 

have been established under section 129 or section 111. 

Operating day means a 24-hour period between 12:00 midnight 

and the following midnight during which any amount of hospital 

waste or medical/infectious waste is combusted at any time in 

the HMIWI. 

Operation means the period during which waste is combusted 

in the incinerator excluding periods of startup or shutdown. 

Particulate matter or PM means the total particulate matter 

emitted from an HMIWI as measured by EPA Reference Method 5 or 

EPA Reference Method 29. 

Pathological waste means waste material consisting of only 

human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the 

bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste 

material, and animal bedding (if applicable). 
18

Primary chamber means the chamber in an HMIWI that receives 

waste material, in which the waste is ignited, and from which 

ash is removed. 

Pyrolysis means the endothermic gasification of hospital 

waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy. 

Secondary chamber means a component of the HMIWI that 

receives combustion gases from the primary chamber and in which 

the combustion process is completed. 

Shutdown means the period of time after all waste has been 

combusted in the primary chamber. For continuous HMIWI, shutdown 

shall commence no less than 2 hours after the last charge to the 

incinerator. For intermittent HMIWI, shutdown shall commence no 

less than 4 hours after the last charge to the incinerator. For 

batch HMIWI, shutdown shall commence no less than 5 hours after 

the high-air phase of combustion has been completed. 

Small HMIWI means: 

(1) Except as provided in (2); 

(i) An HMIWI whose maximum design waste burning capacity is 

less than or equal to 200 pounds per hour; or 

(ii) A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum 

charge rate is less than or equal to 200 pounds per hour; or 

(iii) A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is less than 

or equal to 1,600 pounds per day. 

(2) The following are not small HMIWI: 
19

(i) A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge 

rate is more than 200 pounds per hour; 

(ii) A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 

1,600 pounds per day. 

Standard conditions means a temperature of 20 [deg]C and a 

pressure of 101.3 kilopascals. 

Startup means the period of time between the activation of 

the system and the first charge to the unit. For batch HMIWI, 

startup means the period of time between activation of the 

system and ignition of the waste. 

Wet scrubber means an add-on air pollution control device 

that utilizes an alkaline scrubbing liquor to collect 

particulate matter (including nonvaporous metals and condensed 

organics) and/or to absorb and neutralize acid gases. 

§60.52c Emission limits. 

(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance 

test is completed or is required to be completed under §60.8, 

whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected 

facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere: 

 (1) From an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(1) 

and (2), any gases that contain stack emissions in excess of the 

limits presented in Table 1A to this subpart. 
20

(2) From an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), any gases that contain stack emissions in excess of the 

limits presented in Table 1B to this subpart. 

(b) On and after the date on which the initial performance 

test is completed or is required to be completed under §60.8, 

whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected 

facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere: 

(1) From an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(1) 

and (2), any gases that exhibit greater than 10 percent opacity 

(6-minute block average). 

(2) From an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), any gases that exhibit greater than 6 percent opacity 

(6-minute block average). 

(c) On and after the date on which the initial performance 

test is completed or is required to be completed under §60.8, 

whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected 

facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(1) and (2) and utilizing a 

large HMIWI, and in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4), shall cause to be 

discharged into the atmosphere visible emissions of combustion 

ash from an ash conveying system (including conveyor transfer 

points) in excess of 5 percent of the observation period (i.e., 

9 minutes per 3-hour period), as determined by EPA Reference 

Method 22 of appendix A-1 of this part, except as provided in 

paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section. 
21

(d) The emission limit specified in paragraph (c) of this 

section does not cover visible emissions discharged inside 

buildings or enclosures of ash conveying systems; however, the 

emission limit does cover visible emissions discharged to the 

atmosphere from buildings or enclosures of ash conveying 

systems. 

(e) The provisions specified in paragraph (c) of this 

section do not apply during maintenance and repair of ash 

conveying systems. Maintenance and/or repair shall not exceed 10 

operating days per calendar quarter unless the owner or operator 

obtains written approval from the State agency establishing a 

date whereby all necessary maintenance and repairs of ash 

conveying systems shall be completed. 

§60.53c Operator training and qualification requirements. 

(a) No owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

allow the affected facility to operate at any time unless a 

fully trained and qualified HMIWI operator is accessible, either 

at the facility or available within 1 hour. The trained and 

qualified HMIWI operator may operate the HMIWI directly or be 

the direct supervisor of one or more HMIWI operators. 

(b) Operator training and qualification shall be obtained 

through a State-approved program or by completing the 

requirements included in paragraphs (c) through (g) of this 

section. 
22

(c) Training shall be obtained by completing an HMIWI 

operator training course that includes, at a minimum, the 

following provisions: 

(1) 24 hours of training on the following subjects: 

(i) Environmental concerns, including pathogen destruction 

and types of emissions; 

(ii) Basic combustion principles, including products of 

combustion; 

(iii) Operation of the type of incinerator to be used by 

the operator, including proper startup, waste charging, and 

shutdown procedures; 

(iv) Combustion controls and monitoring; 

(v) Operation of air pollution control equipment and 

factors affecting performance (if applicable); 

(vi) Methods to monitor pollutants (continuous emission 

monitoring systems and monitoring of HMIWI and air pollution 

control device operating parameters) and equipment calibration 

procedures (where applicable); 

(vii) Inspection and maintenance of the HMIWI, air 

pollution control devices, and continuous emission monitoring 

systems; 

(viii) Actions to correct malfunctions or conditions that 

may lead to malfunction; 
23

(ix) Bottom and fly ash characteristics and handling 

procedures; 

(x) Applicable Federal, State, and local regulations; 

(xi) Work safety procedures; 

(xii) Pre-startup inspections; and 

(xiii) Recordkeeping requirements. 

(2) An examination designed and administered by the 

instructor. 

(3) Reference material distributed to the attendees 

covering the course topics. 

(d) Qualification shall be obtained by: 

(1) Completion of a training course that satisfies the 

criteria under paragraph (c) of this section; and 

(2) Either 6 months experience as an HMIWI operator, 6 

months experience as a direct supervisor of an HMIWI operator, 

or completion of at least two burn cycles under the observation 

of two qualified HMIWI operators. 

(e) Qualification is valid from the date on which the 

examination is passed or the completion of the required 

experience, whichever is later. 

(f) To maintain qualification, the trained and qualified 

HMIWI operator shall complete and pass an annual review or 

refresher course of at least 4 hours covering, at a minimum, the 

following: 
24

(1) Update of regulations; 

(2) Incinerator operation, including startup and shutdown 

procedures; 

(3) Inspection and maintenance; 

(4) Responses to malfunctions or conditions that may lead 

to malfunction; and 

(5) Discussion of operating problems encountered by 

attendees. 

(g) A lapsed qualification shall be renewed by one of the 

following methods: 

(1) For a lapse of less than 3 years, the HMIWI operator 

shall complete and pass a standard annual refresher course 

described in paragraph (f) of this section. 

(2) For a lapse of 3 years or more, the HMIWI operator 

shall complete and pass a training course with the minimum 

criteria described in paragraph (c) of this section. 

(h) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

maintain documentation at the facility that address the 

following: 

(1) Summary of the applicable standards under this subpart; 

(2) Description of basic combustion theory applicable to an 

HMIWI; 

(3) Procedures for receiving, handling, and charging waste; 

(4) HMIWI startup, shutdown, and malfunction procedures; 
25

(5) Procedures for maintaining proper combustion air supply 

levels; 

(6) Procedures for operating the HMIWI and associated air 

pollution control systems within the standards established under 

this subpart; 

(7) Procedures for responding to periodic malfunction or 

conditions that may lead to malfunction; 

(8) Procedures for monitoring HMIWI emissions; 

(9) Reporting and recordkeeping procedures; and 

(10) Procedures for handling ash. 

(i) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

establish a program for reviewing the information listed in 

paragraph (h) of this section annually with each HMIWI operator 

(defined in §60.51c). 

(1) The initial review of the information listed in 

paragraph (h) of this section shall be conducted within 6 months 

after the effective date of this subpart or prior to assumption 

of responsibilities affecting HMIWI operation, whichever date is 

later. 

(2) Subsequent reviews of the information listed in 

paragraph (h) of this section shall be conducted annually. 

(j) The information listed in paragraph (h) of this section 

shall be kept in a readily accessible location for all HMIWI 

operators. This information, along with records of training 
26

shall be available for inspection by the EPA or its delegated 

enforcement agent upon request. 

§60.54c Siting requirements. 

(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility for which 

construction is commenced after September 15, 1997 shall prepare 

an analysis of the impacts of the affected facility. The 

analysis shall consider air pollution control alternatives that 

minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent 

practicable, potential risks to public health or the 

environment. In considering such alternatives, the analysis may 

consider costs, energy impacts, non-air environmental impacts, 

or any other factors related to the practicability of the 

alternatives. 

(b) Analyses of facility impacts prepared to comply with 

State, local, or other Federal regulatory requirements may be 

used to satisfy the requirements of this section, as long as 

they include the consideration of air pollution control 

alternatives specified in paragraph (a) of this section. 

(c) The owner or operator of the affected facility shall 

complete and submit the siting requirements of this section as 

required under §60.58c(a)(1)(iii). 

§60.55c Waste management plan. 

The owner or operator of an affected facility shall prepare 

a waste management plan. The waste management plan shall 
27

identify both the feasibility and the approach to separate 

certain components of solid waste from the health care waste 

stream in order to reduce the amount of toxic emissions from 

incinerated waste. A waste management plan may include, but is 

not limited to, elements such as segregation and recycling of 

paper, cardboard, plastics, glass, batteries, food waste, and 

metals (e.g., aluminum cans, metals-containing devices); 

segregation of non-recyclable wastes (e.g., polychlorinated 

biphenyl-containing waste, pharmaceutical waste, and mercurycontaining waste, such as dental waste); and purchasing recycled 

or recyclable products. A waste management plan may include 

different goals or approaches for different areas or departments 

of the facility and need not include new waste management goals 

for every waste stream. It should identify, where possible, 

reasonably available additional waste management measures, 

taking into account the effectiveness of waste management 

measures already in place, the costs of additional measures, the 

emissions reductions expected to be achieved, and any other 

environmental or energy impacts they might have. The American 

Hospital Association publication entitled “An Ounce of 

Prevention: Waste Reduction Strategies for Health Care 

Facilities” (incorporated by reference, see §60.17) shall be 

considered in the development of the waste management plan. The 

owner or operator of each commercial HMIWI company shall conduct 
28

training and education programs in waste segregation for each of 

the company’s waste generator clients and ensure that each 

client prepares its own waste management plan that includes, but 

is not limited to, the provisions listed previously in this 

section. 

§60.56c Compliance and performance testing. 

(a) The emissions limits apply at all times. 

(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility as 

defined in §60.50c(a)(1) and (2), shall conduct an initial 

performance test as required under §60.8 to determine compliance 

with the emissions limits using the procedures and test methods 

listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6) and (b)(9) through 

(b)(14) of this section. The owner or operator of an affected 

facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4), shall conduct an 

initial performance test as required under §60.8 to determine 

compliance with the emissions limits using the procedures and 

test methods listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(14). The 

use of the bypass stack during a performance test shall 

invalidate the performance test. 

(1) All performance tests shall consist of a minimum of 

three test runs conducted under representative operating 

conditions. 

(2) The minimum sample time shall be 1 hour per test run 

unless otherwise indicated. 
29

(3) EPA Reference Method 1 of appendix A of this part shall 

be used to select the sampling location and number of traverse 

points. 

(4) EPA Reference Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A-2 of 

this part shall be used for gas composition analysis, including 

measurement of oxygen concentration. EPA Reference Method 3, 

3A, or 3B of appendix A-2 of this part shall be used 

simultaneously with each of the other EPA reference methods. As 

an alternative to EPA Reference Method 3B, ASME PTC-19-10-1981-

Part 10 may be used (incorporated by reference, see §60.17). 

(5) The pollutant concentrations shall be adjusted to 7 

percent oxygen using the following equation: 

Cadj=Cmeas (20.9-7)/(20.9-%O2) 

where: 

Cadj=pollutant concentration adjusted to 7 percent oxygen; 

Cmeas=pollutant concentration measured on a dry basis (20.9- 

7)=20.9 percent oxygen—7 percent oxygen (defined oxygen 

correction basis); 

20.9=oxygen concentration in air, percent; and 

%O2=oxygen concentration measured on a dry basis, percent. 

(6) EPA Reference Method 5 of appendix A-3 or Method 26A or 

Method 29 of appendix A-8 of this part shall be used to measure 

the particulate matter emissions. As an alternative, PM CEMS 

may be used as specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section. 

(7) EPA Reference Method 7 or 7E of appendix A-4 of this 

part shall be used to measure NOx emissions. 
30

(8) EPA Reference Method 6 or 6C of appendix A-4 of this 

part shall be used to measure SO2 emissions. 

(9) EPA Reference Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part 

shall be used to measure stack opacity. As an alternative, 

demonstration of compliance with the PM standards using bag leak 

detection systems as specified in §60.57c(h) or PM CEMS as 

specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section is considered 

demonstrative of compliance with the opacity requirements. 

(10) EPA Reference Method 10 or 10B of appendix A-4 of this 

part shall be used to measure the CO emissions. As specified in 

paragraph (c)(4) of this section, use of CO CEMS are required 

for affected facilities under §60.50c(a)(3) and (4). 

(11) EPA Reference Method 23 of appendix A-7 of this part 

shall be used to measure total dioxin/furan emissions. As an 

alternative, an owner or operator may elect to sample 

dioxins/furans by installing, calibrating, maintaining, and 

operating a continuous automated sampling system for monitoring 

dioxin/furan emissions as specified in paragraph (c)(6) of this 

section. For Method 23 of appendix A-7 sampling, the minimum 

sample time shall be 4 hours per test run. If the affected 

facility has selected the toxic equivalency standards for 

dioxins/furans, under §60.52c, the following procedures shall be 

used to determine compliance: 
31

(i) Measure the concentration of each dioxin/furan tetrathrough octa-congener emitted using EPA Reference Method 23. 

(ii) For each dioxin/furan congener measured in accordance 

with paragraph (b)(9)(i) of this section, multiply the congener 

concentration by its corresponding toxic equivalency factor 

specified in Table 2 of this subpart. 

(iii) Sum the products calculated in accordance with 

paragraph (b)(9)(ii) of this section to obtain the total 

concentration of dioxins/furans emitted in terms of toxic 

equivalency. 

(12) EPA Reference Method 26 or 26A of appendix A-8 of this 

part shall be used to measure HCl emissions. As an alternative, 

HCl CEMS may be used as specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this 

section. 

(13) EPA Reference Method 29 of appendix A-8 of this part 

shall be used to measure Pb, Cd, and Hg emissions. As an 

alternative, Hg emissions may be measured using ASTM D6784-02 

(incorporated by reference, see §60.17). As an alternative for 

Pb, Cd, and Hg, multi-metals CEMS or Hg CEMS, may be used as 

specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section. As an 

alternative, an owner or operator may elect to sample Hg by 

installing, calibrating, maintaining, and operating a continuous 

automated sampling system for monitoring Hg emissions as 

specified in paragraph (c)(7) of this section. 
32

(14) The EPA Reference Method 22 of appendix A-7 of this 

part shall be used to determine compliance with the fugitive ash 

emissions limit under § 60.52c(c). The minimum observation time 

shall be a series of three 1-hour observations. 

(c) Following the date on which the initial performance 

test is completed or is required to be completed under §60.8, 

whichever date comes first, the owner or operator of an affected 

facility shall: 

(1) Determine compliance with the opacity limit by 

conducting an annual performance test (no more than 12 months 

following the previous performance test) using the applicable 

procedures and test methods listed in paragraph (b) of this 

section. 

(2) Except as provided in paragraphs (c)(4) and (c)(5) of 

this section, determine compliance with the PM, CO, and HCl 

emissions limits by conducting an annual performance test (no 

more than 12 months following the previous performance test) 

using the applicable procedures and test methods listed in 

paragraph (b) of this section. If all three performance tests 

over a 3-year period indicate compliance with the emissions 

limit for a pollutant (PM, CO, or HCl), the owner or operator 

may forego a performance test for that pollutant for the 

subsequent 2 years. At a minimum, a performance test for PM, 

CO, and HCl shall be conducted every third year (no more than 36 
33

months following the previous performance test). If a 

performance test conducted every third year indicates compliance 

with the emissions limit for a pollutant (PM, CO, or HCl), the 

owner or operator may forego a performance test for that 

pollutant for an additional 2 years. If any performance test 

indicates noncompliance with the respective emissions limit, a 

performance test for that pollutant shall be conducted annually 

until all annual performance tests over a 3-year period indicate 

compliance with the emissions limit. The use of the bypass 

stack during a performance test shall invalidate the performance 

test. 

(3) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(1) 

and (2) and utilizing a large HMIWI, and in §60.50c(a)(3) and 

(4), determine compliance with the visible emissions limits for 

fugitive emissions from flyash/bottom ash storage and handling 

by conducting a performance test using EPA Reference Method 22 

of appendix A-7 on an annual basis (no more than 12 months 

following the previous performance test). 

(4) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), determine compliance with the CO emissions limit using 

a CO CEMS according to paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (c)(4)(iii) 

of this section: 
34

(i) Determine compliance with the CO emissions limit using 

a 24-hour block average, calculated as specified in section 

12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 of appendix A-7 of this part. 

(ii) Operate the CO CEMS in accordance with the applicable 

procedures under appendices B and F of this part. 

(iii) Use of a CO CEMS may be substituted for the CO annual 

performance test and minimum secondary chamber temperature to 

demonstrate compliance with the CO emissions limit. 

(5) Facilities using CEMS to demonstrate compliance with 

any of the emissions limits under §60.52c shall: 

(i) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(1) 

and (2), determine compliance with the appropriate emissions 

limit(s) using a 12-hour rolling average, calculated each hour 

as the average of the previous 12 operating hours. 

(ii) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), determine compliance with the appropriate emissions 

limit(s) using a 24-hour block average, calculated as specified 

in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 of appendix A-7 of 

this part. 

(iii) Operate all CEMS in accordance with the applicable 

procedures under appendices B and F of this part. For those 

CEMS for which performance specifications have not yet been 

promulgated (HCl, multi-metals), this option for an affected 

facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4) takes effect on the 
35

date a final performance specification is published in the 

Federal Register or the date of approval of a site-specific 

monitoring plan. 

(iv) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), be allowed to substitute use of an HCl CEMS for the HCl 

annual performance test, minimum HCl sorbent flow rate, and 

minimum scrubber liquor pH to demonstrate compliance with the 

HCl emissions limit. 

(v) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), be allowed to substitute use of a PM CEMS for the PM 

annual performance test and minimum pressure drop across the wet 

scrubber, if applicable, to demonstrate compliance with the PM 

emissions limit. 

(6) An affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and 

(4) using a continuous automated sampling system to demonstrate 

compliance with the dioxin/furan emissions limits under §60.52c 

shall record the output of the system and analyze the sample 

according to EPA Reference Method 23 of appendix A-7 of this 

part. This option to use a continuous automated sampling system 

takes effect on the date a final performance specification 

applicable to dioxin/furan from monitors is published in the 

Federal Register or the date of approval of a site-specific 

monitoring plan. The owner or operator of an affected facility 

as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4) who elects to continuously 
36

sample dioxin/furan emissions instead of sampling and testing 

using EPA Reference Method 23 of appendix A-7 shall install, 

calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous automated sampling 

system and shall comply with the requirements specified in 

§60.58b(p) and (q) of subpart Eb of this part. 

(7) An affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and 

(4) using a continuous automated sampling system to demonstrate 

compliance with the Hg emissions limits under §60.52c shall 

record the output of the system and analyze the sample at set 

intervals using any suitable determinative technique that can 

meet appropriate performance criteria. This option to use a 

continuous automated sampling system takes effect on the date a 

final performance specification applicable to Hg from monitors 

is published in the Federal Register or the date of approval of 

a site-specific monitoring plan. The owner or operator of an 

affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4) who elects 

to continuously sample Hg emissions instead of sampling and 

testing using EPA Reference Method 29 of appendix A-8 of this 

part, or an approved alternative method for measuring Hg 

emissions, shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a 

continuous automated sampling system and shall comply with the 

requirements specified in §60.58b(p) and (q) of subpart Eb of 

this part. 
37

(d) Except as provided in paragraphs (c)(4) through (c)(7) 

of this section, the owner or operator of an affected facility 

equipped with a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter, a wet 

scrubber, or a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter and wet 

scrubber shall: 

(1) Establish the appropriate maximum and minimum operating 

parameters, indicated in Table 3 of this subpart for each 

control system, as site specific operating parameters during the 

initial performance test to determine compliance with the 

emission limits; and 

(2) Following the date on which the initial performance 

test is completed or is required to be completed under §60.8, 

whichever date comes first, ensure that the affected facility 

does not operate above any of the applicable maximum operating 

parameters or below any of the applicable minimum operating 

parameters listed in Table 3 of this subpart and measured as 3-

hour rolling averages (calculated each hour as the average of 

the previous 3 operating hours) at all times except during 

periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction. Operating 

parameter limits do not apply during performance tests. 

Operation above the established maximum or below the established 

minimum operating parameter(s) shall constitute a violation of 

established operating parameter(s). 
38

(e) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, 

for affected facilities equipped with a dry scrubber followed by 

a fabric filter: 

(1) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum secondary chamber temperature 

(each measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the CO emission limit. 

(2) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

fabric filter inlet temperature, above the maximum charge rate, 

and below the minimum dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the dioxin/furan emission limit. 

(3) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum HCl sorbent flow rate (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the HCl emission limit. 

(4) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum Hg sorbent flow rate (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the Hg emission limit. 

(5) Use of the bypass stack shall constitute a violation of 

the PM, dioxin/furan, HCl, Pb, Cd and Hg emissions limits. 

(6) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the CO emissions limit as measured 
39

by the CO CEMS specified in paragraph (c)(4) of this section 

shall constitute a violation of the CO emissions limit. 

(7) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), failure to initiate corrective action within 1 hour of 

a bag leak detection system alarm; or failure to operate and 

maintain the fabric filter such that the alarm is not engaged 

for more than 5 percent of the total operating time in a 6-month 

block reporting period shall constitute a violation of the PM 

emissions limit. If inspection of the fabric filter 

demonstrates that no corrective action is required, no alarm 

time is counted. If corrective action is required, each alarm 

is counted as a minimum of 1 hour. If it takes longer than 1 

hour to initiate corrective action, the alarm time is counted as 

the actual amount of time taken to initiate corrective action. 

If the bag leak detection system is used to demonstrate 

compliance with the opacity limit, this would also constitute a 

violation of the opacity emissions limit. 

(8) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the PM, HCl, Pb, Cd, and/or Hg 

emissions limit as measured by the CEMS specified in paragraph 

(c)(5) of this section shall constitute a violation of the 

applicable emissions limit. 

(9) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the dioxin/furan emissions limit as 
40

measured by the continuous automated sampling system specified 

in paragraph (c)(6) of this section shall constitute a violation 

of the dioxin/furan emissions limit. 

(10) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the Hg emissions limit as measured 

by the continuous automated sampling system specified in 

paragraph (c)(7) of this section shall constitute a violation of 

the Hg emissions limit. 

(f) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, 

for affected facilities equipped with a wet scrubber: 

(1) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum pressure drop across the wet 

scrubber or below the minimum horsepower or amperage to the 

system (each measured on a 3-hour rolling average) 

simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the PM emission 

limit. 

(2) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum secondary chamber temperature 

(each measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the CO emission limit. 

(3) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate, below the minimum secondary chamber temperature, 

and below the minimum scrubber liquor flow rate (each measured 
41

on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a 

violation of the dioxin/furan emission limit. 

(4) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum scrubber liquor pH (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the HCl emission limit. 

(5) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

flue gas temperature and above the maximum charge rate (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the Hg emission limit. 

(6) Use of the bypass stack shall constitute a violation of 

the PM, dioxin/furan, HCl, Pb, Cd and Hg emissions limits. 

(7) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the CO emissions limit as measured 

by the CO CEMS specified in paragraph (c)(4) of this section 

shall constitute a violation of the CO emissions limit. 

(8) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the PM, HCl, Pb, Cd, and/or Hg 

emissions limit as measured by the CEMS specified in paragraph 

(c)(5) of this section shall constitute a violation of the 

applicable emissions limit. 

(9) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the dioxin/furan emissions limit as 

measured by the continuous automated sampling system specified 
42

in paragraph (c)(6) of this section shall constitute a violation 

of the dioxin/furan emissions limit. 

(10) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the Hg emissions limit as measured 

by the continuous automated sampling system specified in 

paragraph (c)(7) of this section shall constitute a violation of 

the Hg emissions limit. 

(g) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, 

for affected facilities equipped with a dry scrubber followed by 

a fabric filter and a wet scrubber: 

(1) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum secondary chamber temperature 

(each measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the CO emission limit. 

(2) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

fabric filter inlet temperature, above the maximum charge rate, 

and below the minimum dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the dioxin/furan emission limit. 

(3) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum scrubber liquor pH (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the HCl emission limit. 
43

(4) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum 

charge rate and below the minimum Hg sorbent flow rate (each 

measured on a 3-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall 

constitute a violation of the Hg emission limit. 

(5) Use of the bypass stack shall constitute a violation of 

the PM, dioxin/furan, HCl, Pb, Cd and Hg emissions limits. 

(6) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the CO emissions limit as measured 

by the CO CEMS specified in paragraph (c)(4) of this section 

shall constitute a violation of the CO emissions limit. 

(7) For an affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), failure to initiate corrective action within 1 hour of 

a bag leak detection system alarm; or failure to operate and 

maintain the fabric filter such that the alarm is not engaged 

for more than 5 percent of the total operating time in a 6-month 

block reporting period shall constitute a violation of the PM 

emissions limit. If inspection of the fabric filter 

demonstrates that no corrective action is required, no alarm 

time is counted. If corrective action is required, each alarm 

is counted as a minimum of 1 hour. If it takes longer than 1 

hour to initiate corrective action, the alarm time is counted as 

the actual amount of time taken to initiate corrective action. 

If the bag leak detection system is used to demonstrate 
44

compliance with the opacity limit, this would also constitute a 

violation of the opacity emissions limit. 

(8) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the PM, HCl, Pb, Cd, and/or Hg 

emissions limit as measured by the CEMS specified in paragraph 

(c)(5) of this section shall constitute a violation of the 

applicable emissions limit. 

(9) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the dioxin/furan emissions limit as 

measured by the continuous automated sampling system specified 

in paragraph (c)(6) of this section shall constitute a violation 

of the dioxin/furan emissions limit. 

(10) Operation of the affected facility as defined in 

§60.50c(a)(3) and (4) above the Hg emissions limit as measured 

by the continuous automated sampling system specified in 

paragraph (c)(7) of this section shall constitute a violation of 

the Hg emissions limit. 

(h) The owner or operator of an affected facility as 

defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4) equipped with selective 

noncatalytic reduction technology shall: 

(1) Establish the maximum charge rate, the minimum 

secondary chamber temperature, and the minimum reagent flow rate 

as site specific operating parameters during the initial 
45

performance test to determine compliance with the emissions 

limits; 

(2) Following the date on which the initial performance 

test is completed or is required to be completed under §60.8, 

whichever date comes first, ensure that the affected facility 

does not operate above the maximum charge rate, or below the 

minimum secondary chamber temperature or the minimum reagent 

flow rate measured as 3-hour rolling averages (calculated each 

hour as the average of the previous 3 operating hours) at all 

times. Operating parameter limits do not apply during 

performance tests. 

(3) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, 

operation of the affected facility above the maximum charge 

rate, below the minimum secondary chamber temperature, and below 

the minimum reagent flow rate simultaneously shall constitute a 

violation of the NOx emissions limit. 

(i) The owner or operator of an affected facility may 

conduct a repeat performance test within 30 days of violation of 

applicable operating parameter(s) to demonstrate that the 

affected facility is not in violation of the applicable 

emissions limit(s). Repeat performance tests conducted pursuant 

to this paragraph shall be conducted using the identical 

operating parameters that indicated a violation under paragraph 

(e), (f), (g), or (h) of this section. 
46

(j) The owner or operator of an affected facility using an 

air pollution control device other than a dry scrubber followed 

by a fabric filter, a wet scrubber, a dry scrubber followed by a 

fabric filter and a wet scrubber, or selective noncatalytic 

reduction technology to comply with the emissions limits under 

§60.52c shall petition the Administrator for other site-specific 

operating parameters to be established during the initial 

performance test and continuously monitored thereafter. The 

owner or operator shall not conduct the initial performance test 

until after the petition has been approved by the Administrator. 

(k) The owner or operator of an affected facility may 

conduct a repeat performance test at any time to establish new 

values for the operating parameters. The Administrator may 

request a repeat performance test at any time. 

§60.57c Monitoring requirements. 

(a) Except as provided in §60.56c(c)(4) through (c)(7), the 

owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, 

calibrate (to manufacturers’ specifications), maintain, and 

operate devices (or establish methods) for monitoring the 

applicable maximum and minimum operating parameters listed in 

Table 3 to this subpart (unless CEMS are used as a substitute 

for certain parameters as specified) such that these devices (or 

methods) measure and record values for these operating 
47

parameters at the frequencies indicated in Table 3 of this 

subpart at all times. 

(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility as 

defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4) that uses selective 

noncatalytic reduction technology shall install, calibrate (to 

manufacturers’ specifications), maintain, and operate devices 

(or establish methods) for monitoring the operating parameters 

listed in §60.56c(h) such that the devices (or methods) measure 

and record values for the operating parameters at all times. 

Operating parameter values shall be measured and recorded at the 

following minimum frequencies: 

(1) Maximum charge rate shall be measured continuously and 

recorded once each hour; 

(2) Minimum secondary chamber temperature shall be measured 

continuously and recorded once each minute; and 

(3) Minimum reagent flow rate shall be measured hourly and 

recorded once each hour. 

(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain, 

and operate a device or method for measuring the use of the 

bypass stack including date, time, and duration. 

(d) The owner or operator of an affected facility using an 

air pollution control device other than a dry scrubber followed 

by a fabric filter, a wet scrubber, a dry scrubber followed by a 
48

fabric filter and a wet scrubber, or selective noncatalytic 

reduction technology to comply with the emissions limits under 

§60.52c shall install, calibrate (to manufacturers’ 

specifications), maintain, and operate the equipment necessary 

to monitor the site-specific operating parameters developed 

pursuant to §60.56c(j). 

(e) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

obtain monitoring data at all times during HMIWI operation 

except during periods of monitoring equipment malfunction, 

calibration, or repair. At a minimum, valid monitoring data 

shall be obtained for 75 percent of the operating hours per day 

for 90 percent of the operating days per calendar quarter that 

the affected facility is combusting hospital waste and/or 

medical/infectious waste. 

(f) The owner or operator of an affected facility as 

defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4) shall ensure that each HMIWI 

subject to the emissions limits in §60.52c undergoes an initial 

air pollution control device inspection that is at least as 

protective as the following: 

(1) At a minimum, an inspection shall include the 

following: 

(i) Inspect air pollution control device(s) for proper 

operation, if applicable; 
49

(ii) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent 

feed systems, and any other monitoring equipment; and 

(iii) Generally observe that the equipment is maintained in 

good operating condition. 

(2) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution 

control device inspection, all necessary repairs shall be 

completed unless the owner or operator obtains written approval 

from the Administrator establishing a date whereby all necessary 

repairs of the designated facility shall be completed. 

(g) The owner or operator of an affected facility as 

defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and (4) shall ensure that each HMIWI 

subject to the emissions limits under §60.52c undergoes an air 

pollution control device inspection annually (no more than 12 

months following the previous annual air pollution control 

device inspection), as outlined in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) 

of this section. 

(h) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and 

(4) that use an air pollution control device that includes a 

fabric filter and are not demonstrating compliance using PM 

CEMS, determine compliance with the PM emissions limit using a 

bag leak detection system and meet the requirements in 

paragraphs (h)(1) through (h)(12) of this section for each bag 

leak detection system. 
50

(1) Each triboelectric bag leak detection system may be 

installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the 

“Fabric Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance,” (EPA-454/R–98–015, 

September 1997). This document is available from the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); Office of Air 

Quality Planning and Standards; Sector Policies and Programs 

Division; Measurement Policy Group (D-243-02), Research Triangle 

Park, NC 27711. This document is also available on the 

Technology Transfer Network (TTN) under Emissions Measurement 

Center Continuous Emissions Monitoring. Other types of bag leak 

detection systems shall be installed, operated, calibrated, and 

maintained in a manner consistent with the manufacturer’s 

written specifications and recommendations. 

(2) The bag leak detection system shall be certified by the 

manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at 

concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter (0.0044 

grains per actual cubic foot) or less. 

(3) The bag leak detection system sensor shall provide an 

output of relative PM loadings. 

(4) The bag leak detection system shall be equipped with a 

device to continuously record the output signal from the sensor. 

(5) The bag leak detection system shall be equipped with an 

audible alarm system that will sound automatically when an 

increase in relative PM emissions over a preset level is 
51

detected. The alarm shall be located where it is easily heard 

by plant operating personnel. 

(6) For positive pressure fabric filter systems, a bag leak 

detector shall be installed in each baghouse compartment or 

cell. 

(7) For negative pressure or induced air fabric filters, 

the bag leak detector shall be installed downstream of the 

fabric filter. 

(8) Where multiple detectors are required, the system’s 

instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors. 

(9) The baseline output shall be established by adjusting 

the range and the averaging period of the device and 

establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time 

according to section 5.0 of the “Fabric Filter Bag Leak 

Detection Guidance.” 

(10) Following initial adjustment of the system, the 

sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or 

alarm delay time may not be adjusted. In no case may the 

sensitivity be increased by more than 100 percent or decreased 

more than 50 percent over a 365-day period unless such 

adjustment follows a complete fabric filter inspection that 

demonstrates that the fabric filter is in good operating 

condition. Each adjustment shall be recorded. 
52

(11) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, 

and validation check. 

(12) Initiate corrective action within 1 hour of a bag leak 

detection system alarm; operate and maintain the fabric filter 

such that the alarm is not engaged for more than 5 percent of 

the total operating time in a 6-month block reporting period. 

If inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no 

corrective action is required, no alarm time is counted. If 

corrective action is required, each alarm is counted as a 

minimum of 1 hour. If it takes longer than 1 hour to initiate 

corrective action, the alarm time is counted as the actual 

amount of time taken to initiate corrective action. 

§60.58c Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 

(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

submit notifications, as provided by §60.7. In addition, the 

owner or operator shall submit the following information: 

(1) Prior to commencement of construction; 

(i) A statement of intent to construct; 

(ii) The anticipated date of commencement of construction; 

and 

(iii) All documentation produced as a result of the siting 

requirements of §60.54c. 

(2) Prior to initial startup; 

(i) The type(s) of waste to be combusted; 
53

(ii) The maximum design waste burning capacity; 

(iii) The anticipated maximum charge rate; and 

(iv) If applicable, the petition for site-specific 

operating parameters under §60.56c(j). 

(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

maintain the following information (as applicable) for a period 

of at least 5 years: 

(1) Calendar date of each record; 

(2) Records of the following data: 

(i) Concentrations of any pollutant listed in §60.52c or 

measurements of opacity as determined by the continuous emission 

monitoring system (if applicable); 

(ii) Results of fugitive emissions (by EPA Reference Method 

22) tests, if applicable; 

(iii) HMIWI charge dates, times, and weights and hourly 

charge rates; 

(iv) Fabric filter inlet temperatures during each minute of 

operation, as applicable; 

(v) Amount and type of dioxin/furan sorbent used during 

each hour of operation, as applicable; 

(vi) Amount and type of Hg sorbent used during each hour of 

operation, as applicable; 

(vii) Amount and type of HCl sorbent used during each hour 

of operation, as applicable; 
54

(viii) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), amount and type of NOX reagent used during each hour of 

operation, as applicable; 

(ix) Secondary chamber temperatures recorded during each 

minute of operation; 

(x) Liquor flow rate to the wet scrubber inlet during each 

minute of operation, as applicable; 

(xi) Horsepower or amperage to the wet scrubber during each 

minute of operation, as applicable; 

(xii) Pressure drop across the wet scrubber system during 

each minute of operation, as applicable, 

(xiii) Temperature at the outlet from the wet scrubber 

during each minute of operation, as applicable; 

(xiv) pH at the inlet to the wet scrubber during each 

minute of operation, as applicable, 

(xv) Records indicating use of the bypass stack, including 

dates, times, and durations, and 

(xvi) For affected facilities complying with §60.56c(j) and 

§60.57c(d), the owner or operator shall maintain all operating 

parameter data collected; 

(xvii) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), records of the annual air pollution control device 

inspections, any required maintenance, and any repairs not 
55

completed within 10 days of an inspection or the timeframe 

established by the Administrator. 

(xviii) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), records of each bag leak detection system alarm, the 

time of the alarm, the time corrective action was initiated and 

completed, and a brief description of the cause of the alarm and 

the corrective action taken, as applicable. 

(xix) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), concentrations of CO as determined by the continuous 

emissions monitoring system. 

(3) Identification of calendar days for which data on 

emission rates or operating parameters specified under paragraph 

(b)(2) of this section have not been obtained, with an 

identification of the emission rates or operating parameters not 

measured, reasons for not obtaining the data, and a description 

of corrective actions taken. 

(4) Identification of calendar days, times and durations of 

malfunctions, a description of the malfunction and the 

corrective action taken. 

(5) Identification of calendar days for which data on 

emission rates or operating parameters specified under paragraph 

(b)(2) of this section exceeded the applicable limits, with a 

description of the exceedances, reasons for such exceedances, 

and a description of corrective actions taken. 
56

(6) The results of the initial, annual, and any subsequent 

performance tests conducted to determine compliance with the 

emissions limits and/or to establish or re-establish operating 

parameters, as applicable, and a description, including sample 

calculations, of how the operating parameters were established 

or re-established, if applicable. 

(7) All documentation produced as a result of the siting 

requirements of §60.54c; 

(8) Records showing the names of HMIWI operators who have 

completed review of the information in §60.53c(h) as required by 

§60.53c(i), including the date of the initial review and all 

subsequent annual reviews; 

(9) Records showing the names of the HMIWI operators who 

have completed the operator training requirements, including 

documentation of training and the dates of the training; 

(10) Records showing the names of the HMIWI operators who 

have met the criteria for qualification under §60.53c and the 

dates of their qualification; and 

(11) Records of calibration of any monitoring devices as 

required under §60.57c(a) through (d). 

(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

submit the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through 

(c)(4) of this section no later than 60 days following the 
57

initial performance test. All reports shall be signed by the 

facilities manager. 

(1) The initial performance test data as recorded under 

§60.56c(b)(1) through (b)(14), as applicable. 

(2) The values for the site-specific operating parameters 

established pursuant to §60.56c(d), (h), or (j), as applicable, 

and a description, including sample calculations, of how the 

operating parameters were established during the initial 

performance test. 

(3) The waste management plan as specified in §60.55c. 

(4) For each affected facility as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4) that uses a bag leak detection system, analysis and 

supporting documentation demonstrating conformance with EPA 

guidance and specifications for bag leak detection systems in 

§60.57c(h). 

(d) An annual report shall be submitted 1 year following 

the submissions of the information in paragraph (c) of this 

section and subsequent reports shall be submitted no more than 

12 months following the previous report (once the unit is 

subject to permitting requirements under title V of the Clean 

Air Act, the owner or operator of an affected facility must 

submit these reports semiannually). The annual report shall 

include the information specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through 
58

(11) of this section. All reports shall be signed by the 

facilities manager. 

(1) The values for the site-specific operating parameters 

established pursuant to §60.56c(d), (h), or (j), as applicable. 

(2) The highest maximum operating parameter and the lowest 

minimum operating parameter, as applicable, for each operating 

parameter recorded for the calendar year being reported, 

pursuant to §60.56c(d), (h), or (j), as applicable. 

(3) The highest maximum operating parameter and the lowest 

minimum operating parameter, as applicable, for each operating 

parameter recorded pursuant to §60.56c(d), (h), or (j) for the 

calendar year preceding the year being reported, in order to 

provide the Administrator with a summary of the performance of 

the affected facility over a 2-year period. 

(4) Any information recorded under paragraphs (b)(3) 

through (b)(5) of this section for the calendar year being 

reported. 

(5) Any information recorded under paragraphs (b)(3) 

through (b)(5) of this section for the calendar year preceding 

the year being reported, in order to provide the Administrator 

with a summary of the performance of the affected facility over 

a 2-year period. 

(6) If a performance test was conducted during the 

reporting period, the results of that test. 
59

(7) If no exceedances or malfunctions were reported under 

paragraphs (b)(3) through (b)(5) of this section for the 

calendar year being reported, a statement that no exceedances 

occurred during the reporting period. 

(8) Any use of the bypass stack, the duration, reason for 

malfunction, and corrective action taken. 

(9) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) and 

(4), records of the annual air pollution control device 

inspection, any required maintenance, and any repairs not 

completed within 10 days of an inspection or the timeframe 

established by the Administrator. 

(10) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), records of each bag leak detection system alarm, the 

time of the alarm, the time corrective action was initiated and 

completed, and a brief description of the cause of the alarm and 

the corrective action taken, as applicable. 

(11) For affected facilities as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), concentrations of CO as determined by the continuous 

emissions monitoring system. 

(e) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall 

submit semiannual reports containing any information recorded 

under paragraphs (b)(3) through (b)(5) of this section no later 

than 60 days following the reporting period. The first 

semiannual reporting period ends 6 months following the 
60

submission of information in paragraph (c) of this section. 

Subsequent reports shall be submitted no later than 6 calendar 

months following the previous report. All reports shall be 

signed by the facilities manager. 

(f) All records specified under paragraph (b) of this 

section shall be maintained onsite in either paper copy or 

computer-readable format, unless an alternative format is 

approved by the Administrator. 

(g) For affected facilities, as defined in §60.50c(a)(3) 

and (4), that choose to submit an electronic copy of stack test 

reports to EPA’s WebFIRE data base, as of December 31, 2011, the 

owner or operator of an affected facility shall enter the test 

data into EPA’s data base using the Electronic Reporting Tool 

located at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert_tool.html. 

TABLE 1A TO SUBPART Ec OF PART 60. EMISSIONS LIMITS FOR SMALL, 

MEDIUM, AND LARGE HMIWI AT AFFECTED FACILITIES AS DEFINED IN 

§60.50c(a)(1) AND (2) 

Pollutant 

Units 

(7 percent 

oxygen, dry 

basis) 

Emissions limits 

Averaging 

time1

Method 

for 

demonstr

ating 

complian

ce2

HMIWI size 

Small Medium Large 
61

Pollutant 

Units 

(7 percent 

oxygen, dry 

basis) 

Emissions limits 

Averaging 

time1

Method 

for 

demonstr

ating 

complian

ce2

HMIWI size 

Small Medium Large 

Particula

te matter 

Milligrams 

per dry 

standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

dry standard 

cubic foot) 

69 

(0.03) 

34 

(0.015) 

34 

(0.015) 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

5 of 

appendix 

A-3 of 

part 60, 

or EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

M 26A or 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

Carbon 

monoxide 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

40 40 40 3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

10 or 

10B of 

appendix 

A-4 of 

part 60 

Dioxins/ 

furans 

Nanograms per 

dry standard 

cubic meter 

total 

dioxins/furan

s (grains per 

billion dry 

standard 

cubic feet) 

or nanograms 

per dry 

standard 

cubic meter 

TEQ (grains 

per billion 

dry standard 

cubic feet) 

125 

(55) or 

2.3 

(1.0) 

25 (11) 

or 0.6 

(0.26) 

25 (11) 

or 0.6 

(0.26) 

3-run 

average 

(4-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

23 of 

appendix 

A-7 of 

part 60 

Hydrogen 

chloride 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

15 or 

99% 

15 or 

99% 

15 or 

99%5.1 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

26 or 

26A of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 
62

Pollutant 

Units 

(7 percent 

oxygen, dry 

basis) 

Emissions limits 

Averaging 

time1

Method 

for 

demonstr

ating 

complian

ce2

HMIWI size 

Small Medium Large 

Sulfur 

dioxide 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

55 55 55 3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

6 or 6C 

of 

appendix 

A-4 of 

part 60 

Nitrogen 

oxides 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

250 250 250 3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

7 or 7E 

of 

appendix 

A-4 of 

part 60 

Lead Milligrams 

per dry 

standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

thousand dry 

standard 

cubic feet 

1.2 

(0.52) 

or 70% 

0.07 

(0.03) 

or 98% 

0.07 

(0.03) 

or 98% 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

Cadmium Milligrams 

per dry 

standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

thousand dry 

standard 

cubic feet) 

or percent 

reduction 

0.16 

(0.07) 

or 65% 

0.04 

(0.02) 

or 90% 

0.04 

(0.02) 

or 90% 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

Mercury Milligrams 

per dry 

standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

thousand dry 

standard 

cubic feet) 

or percent 

reduction 

0.55 

(0.24) 

or 85% 

0.55 

(0.24) 

or 85% 

0.55 

(0.24) 

or 85% 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

1 Except as allowed under §60.56c(c) for HMIWI equipped with CEMS. 
63

2 Does not include CEMS and approved alternative non-EPA test methods allowed 

under §60.56c(b). 

TABLE 1B TO SUBPART Ec OF PART 60. EMISSIONS LIMITS FOR SMALL, 

MEDIUM, AND LARGE HMIWI AT AFFECTED FACILITIES AS DEFINED IN 

§60.50c(a)(3) AND (4) 

Pollutant 

Units 

(7 percent 

oxygen, dry 

basis) 

Emissions limits 

Averaging 

time1

Method 

for 

demonstr

ating 

complian

ce2

HMIWI size

Small Medium Large 

Particula

te matter 

Milligrams per 

dry standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

dry standard 

cubic foot) 

66 

(0.029) 

22 

(0.009

5) 

18 

(0.008

0) 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

5 of 

appendix 

A-3 of 

part 60, 

or EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

M 26A or 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

Carbon 

monoxide 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

20 1.8 11 3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

10 or 

10B of 

appendix 

A-4 of 

part 60 

Dioxins/ 

furans 

Nanograms per 

dry standard 

cubic meter 

total 

dioxins/furans 

(grains per 

billion dry 

standard cubic 

feet) or 

nanograms per 

dry standard 

cubic meter 

TEQ (grains 

per billion 

dry standard 

cubic feet) 

16 (7.0) 

or 0.013 

(0.0057) 

0.47 

(0.21) 

or 

0.014 

(0.006

1) 

9.3 

(4.1) 

or 

0.035 

(0.015

) 

3-run 

average 

(4-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

23 of 

appendix 

A-7 of 

part 60 
64

Pollutant 

Units 

(7 percent 

oxygen, dry 

basis) 

Emissions limits 

Averaging 

time1

Method 

for 

demonstr

ating 

complian

ce2

HMIWI size 

Small Medium Large 

Hydrogen 

chloride 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

15 7.7 5.1 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

26 or 

26A of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

Sulfur 

dioxide 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

1.4 1.4 8.1 3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

6 or 6C 

of 

appendix 

A-4 of 

part 60 

Nitrogen 

oxides 

Parts per 

million by 

volume 

67 67 140 3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

7 or 7E 

of 

appendix 

A-4 of 

part 60 

Lead Milligrams per 

dry standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

thousand dry 

standard cubic 

feet 

0.31 

(0.14) 

0.018 

(0.007

9) 

0.0006

9 

(0.000

30) 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

Cadmium Milligrams per 

dry standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

thousand dry 

standard cubic 

feet) or 

percent 

reduction 

0.017 

(0.0074) 

0.0098 

(0.004

3) 

0.0001

3 

(0.000

057) 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

Deleted: 1.6

Deleted: 130
65

Pollutant 

Units 

(7 percent 

oxygen, dry 

basis) 

Emissions limits 

Averaging 

time1

Method 

for 

demonstr

ating 

complian

ce2

HMIWI size 

Small Medium Large 

Mercury Milligrams per 

dry standard 

cubic meter 

(grains per 

thousand dry 

standard cubic 

feet) or 

percent 

reduction 

0.014 

(0.0061) 

0.0035 

(0.001

5) 

0.0013 

(0.000

57) 

3-run 

average 

(1-hour 

minimum 

sample 

time per 

run) 

EPA 

Referenc

e Method 

29 of 

appendix 

A-8 of 

part 60 

1 Except as allowed under §60.56c(c) for HMIWI equipped with CEMS. 

2 Does not include CEMS and approved alternative non-EPA test methods allowed 

under §60.56c(b). 

TABLE 2 OF SUBPART Ec TO PART 60. TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS 

Dioxin/furan congener 

Toxic equivalency 

factor 

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 1 

1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 0 .5 

1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 0 .1 

1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 0 .1 

1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 0 .1 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 0 .01 

octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 0 .001 

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .1 

2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .5 

1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .05 

1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .1 

1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .1 

1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .1 

2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .1 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .01 

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .01 

Octachlorinated dibenzofuran 0 .001 

TABLE 3 TO SUBPART Ec OF PART 60—OPERATING PARAMETERS TO BE 

MONITORED AND MINIMUM MEASUREMENT AND RECORDING FREQUENCIES 

Operating 

parameters to be 

monitored 

Minimum 

frequency 

Control 

system 

Data 

measurement 

Data 

recording 

Dry 

scrubber 

followed 

by fabric 

filter 

Wet 

scrubber 

Dry 

scrubber 

followed 

by fabric 

filter and 

wet 

scrubber 

Maximum operating 

parameters: 

 
66

Operating 

parameters to be 

monitored 

Minimum 

frequency 

Control 

system 

Data 

measurement 

Data 

recording 

Dry 

scrubber 

followed 

by fabric 

filter 

Wet 

scrubber 

Dry 

scrubber 

followed 

by fabric 

filter and 

wet 

scrubber 

Maximum charge 

rate 

Continuous 1×hour 3 3 3

Maximum fabric 

filter inlet 

temperature. 

Continuous 1×minute 3 3

Maximum flue gas 

temperature. 

Continuous 1×minute 3 3

Minimum operating 

parameters: 

 

Minimum secondary 

chamber 

temperature. 

Continuous 1×minute 3 3 3

Minimum 

dioxin/furan 

sorbent flow rate. 

Hourly 1×hour 3 3

Minimum HCl 

sorbent flow rate. 

Hourly 1×hour 3 3

Minimum mercury 

(Hg) sorbent flow 

rate. 

Hourly 1×hour 3 3

Minimum pressure 

drop across the 

wet scrubber or 

minimum horsepower 

or amperage to wet 

scrubber. 

Continuous 1×minute 3 3

Minimum scrubber 

liquor flow rate. 

Continuous 1×minute 3 3

Minimum scrubber 

liquor pH. 

Continuous 1×minute 3 3