OAR Box 1846 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

10) ll-B-7 

Docket Number: 

A-90-07 

Printed 11/18/2008 7:30:14 AM Sheet 10 of 93 

p.1 
P.2 

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1T-6---7 

*'-osr<*. 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN 48105 

V ppottf 

MAR 2 4 1992 

ussy 

MEMORANDUM 

SUBJECT: 

FROM: 

TO: 

THRU: 

E-6 E I V E n 

n 

APR - I 1992 

EPA AIR DOCKET 

OFFICE OF 

AIR ANO RADIATION 

Base Fuel Determination Procedures for the 

Proposed Fuels and Fuel Additives Rulemaking 

James Greaves, Mechanical Engineer 

Standards Development and Support Branch 7 

Docket No. A-90-07 

Judith Gray, Project Manage 

Standards Development and S 

tf*^% 

ort Brand 

Glenn W. Passavant, Senior Project Manager 

Standards Development and Support. Branch 

Chester J. France, Chief 

Standards Development and 

<){cOA*^ 

>u Branch 

Summary 

This memorandum describes the procedures for determining the 

composition of "base fuels," as proposed in the Fuels and Fuel 

Additives (F/FA) Program Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM). 

Within each fuel family, the base fuels would function as 

representatives of the "baseline" fuel/additive groups, and would 

also serve as the solvents and controls when testing of additives 

is required. This memorandum first presents the proposed 

methodology for determining base fuels. For the purpose of 

illustration, base gasoline fuel and base diesel fuel parameter 

values for the year 1990 are then developed. Finally, a discussion 

of unresolved issues is presented. 

Background 

As part of the proposed F/FA Registration program implementing 

Section 211 (b) (2) of the Clean Air Act, producers of fuels and 

additives would be permitted to enroll their products into groups 

of similar fuels and additives, and any required testing could be 

performed on a selected representative of each group. The 

framework for the proposed grouping system is illustrated in 

Figures 2 and 3 of the NPRM. Each fuel is first sorted into a 

broad "category" according to its "fuel family" and "formulation 

class." These "categories" of fuels and additives are then 

subdivided into "groups" according to finer differences in their 
P.3 

composition. Group representatives are then selected for testing 

according to specified criteria. A more complete discussion of 

these issues is provided in the NPRM. 

A "baseline category" is defined within each fuel family, 

including fuels and additives which contain only "typical" 

components in "typical" proportions for that family. Within the 

gasoline and diesel fuel families, the baseline categories are 

proposed to contain only one group each, and are to be represented 

by a generic formulation called a "base fuel". As mentioned above, 

the base fuels would be used to generate emissions for testing 

purposes for the baseline groups. They would also serve as the 

fuel component of additive/fuel mixtures used in the testing of 

additives within the associated fuel family. 

The base fuels are proposed to reflect a sales-weighted 

industry average of the fuels in the category, as determined by 

surveys of fuels sold throughout the country. Within certain 

tolerances, base fuels would be specially blended to contain the 

fuel components and physical characteristics determined by the 

survey. 

Sources of Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Data 

The base fuel specifications discussed in this memorandum are 

based on analyses of surveys performed by the Motor Vehicle 

Manufacturers Association (MVMA) and by Southwest Research 

Institute (SwRI) . The data EPA used to determine the base gasoline 

specifications were taken from the Southwest Research Institute 

1990 gasoline surveys (January-December) and the Motor Vehicle 

Manufacturer's Association 1990 summer and winter gasoline surveys. 

These surveys deal with unleaded gasoline fuels only. Fuel 

parameter values are presented in these surveys by city, gasoline 

grade, and month. The number of samples analyzed per city, grade, 

and month is also provided. 

The data EPA used to determine the base diesel specifications 

were taken from the MVMA's 1990 summer and winter diesel surveys. 

A survey of diesel fuels from the National Institute for Petroleum 

and Energy Research (NIPER) was also acquired but was not used in 

the calculations. The NIPER data were derived from refinery 

samples, so the samples were not necessarily random and may not be 

representative of field samples. It was also not clear how salesweighted averages could be computed from these samples. Diesel 

survey data are also gathered by SwRI, but could not be obtained 

for this analysis. 

The best publicly available data on 1990 fuel sales are from 

Petroleum Marketing Monthly (PMM), a Department of Energy, Energy 

Information Administration publication. PMM reports fuel sales by 

grade, month, and states. The sales data from PMM are listed under 

"Volumes of First Sales of Motor Gasoline by Grade" and "Volumes of 

First Sales of Distillate Fuel Oils." These data reflect first 

delivered sales of gasoline and diesel fuels into the states where 
P.4 

they are expected to be consumed. Comments concerning the 

appropriateness of these or other references for determination of 

fuel characteristics, and of specific data within these references, 

are requested. 

Calculation Methodology 

Gasoline Fuels 

Initial gasoline survey parameter values were obtained by 

city, grade, and month by combining SwRI and MVMA data. The 

following discussion explains the methodology used to combine these 

two gasoline surveys to obtain a single initial parameter value by 

city, grade, and month. MVMA data are available for all parameters 

of interest only for the months of January and July. For all 

parameters except sulfur, aromatics, olefins, and saturates, SwRI 

data are available year round on an every-other-month basis. For 

those four parameters, data are available only during 

January/February and July/August. The MVMA survey includes 

gasoline fuel samples from 23 U.S. cities while the SwRI survey 

includes samples from 53 U.S. cities. Twenty-two U.S. cities are 

sampled by both surveys. 

As mentioned above, for all but four fuel parameters, gasoline 

samples in the SwRI survey were taken on an every-other month 

basis. Some cities were sampled on a January-March-May-JulySept ember -November schedule, others on a February-April-JuneAugust-October-December schedule. For averaging purposes, survey 

months were grouped into the following two-month pairs: 

January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, 

September/October, November/December. Thus, data for SwRI cities 

sampled in January and SwRI cities sampled in February were assumed 

representative of gasoline sold in the city in the January/February 

time frame. 

For those 22 cities sampled both by MVMA and SwRI, the January 

data from MVMA and the January/February data from SwRI were 

averaged together on a sample-weighted basis (i.e., each sample 

from each survey was treated equally and independently) for each 

fuel parameter, gasoline grade, and city. This step was 

unnecessary for the single MVMA city not part of the SwRI survey or 

for the 31 SwRI cities not part of the MVMA survey. This same 

process was also performed for the July data from MVMA and the 

July/August data from SwRI. 

Diesel Fuel 

Initial diesel survey parameter values were obtained by city 

from MVMA survey data of diesel fuels for all parameters of 

interest for the months of January and July in 17 U.S. cities. 

While some information was presented for Number 1 diesel fuel and 

Number 2 premium diesel fuel, data were primarily given for Number 

2 regular diesel fuel. Thus, only Number 2 regular diesel fuel 

data were used by EPA in assessing the base diesel fuel parameters. 
P.5 

This decision also reflected the overwhelming preponderance of 

Number 2 regular diesel sales over the other types of diesel fuels. 

The procedure used to combine parameter values from different 

fuel surveys required for gasoline fuels was not needed for diesel 

fuels since only one diesel fuel survey was used. Also, since 

diesel fuel parameters were available for only two months during 

the year, the data were not grouped into two-month time periods. 

Only January and July diesel fuel sales data were used in the 

weighing analysis. The SwRI diesel fuel data mentioned above, also 

reported only for January and July, would be combined with the MVMA 

diesel fuel data in the manner used to combine the gasoline 

surveys, if they were available for this analysis. 

Nationwide Parameter Value Calculation 

Gasoline Fuels 

The calculation of nationwide average values for each gasoline 

fuel parameter was accomplished step-wise as follows (see Figure 1 

for a summary) . The values for a given fuel parameter for each 

city, grade, and bi-monthly period were first weighted by grade 

fraction based on the state gasoline grade sales data in PMM, 

resulting in one fuel parameter value per city per bi-monthly 

period. 

Next, one parameter value was determined for each state based 

on city data, as follows. If a state did not contain any cities in 

the survey, it was not assigned a parameter value and was not 

represented in the averaging procedure. If a state contained only 

one city in the survey, the parameter value determined for that 

city was assigned to the state. If the state contained more than 

one city in the survey, the state parameter value was determined by 

weighing parameter values determined for each city by the 

population in that city (1980 census). The parameter value from 

each of the cities was multiplied by its population and the sum of 

these factors was divided by the population sum to find the 

aggregate parameter value. The result is one parameter value for 

each state and time period. Thirty nine states plus the District 

of Columbia were represented in the gasoline surveys. 

Finally, the state unleaded gasoline fuel consumption as 

reported in PMM was multiplied by the state parameter value for 

each time period. This resulted in a weighted fuel parameter value 

for each state and time period. The sum of these weighted fuel 

parameter values over all states and time periods was divided by 

the total fuel consumption of all states and time periods surveyed, 

to yield the final, nationwide base fuel parameter. 

Diesel Fuels 

The calculation of nationwide average values for each diesel 

fuel parameter was accomplished in a manner similar to that for 

gasoline, omitting the unnecessary steps (see Figure 2 for a 
P.6 

summary). 

First, one parameter value was determined for each state based 

on city data for the months of January and July. This step was 

performed in the same manner used to determine state gasoline fuel 

parameters for the base gasoline fuel. Sixteen states were 

represented in the diesel survey. 

Next, the state diesel fuel consumption as reported in PMM for 

January and July was multiplied by the state parameter value for 

the month. This resulted in a weighted fuel parameter value for 

each surveyed state for each month. The sum of these weighted fuel 

parameter values over all surveyed states and both months was 

divided by the total Number 2 diesel fuel consumption of all 

surveyed states from both months, to yield the final, nationwide 

base fuel parameter. 

Results 

Using the methodology described above, the following 

annualized sales-weighted average characteristics for gasoline and 

diesel fuels were determined. 

Gasoline: 

Aromatics, volume percent 28.7 

Olefins, volume percent 12.8 

Saturates, volume percent 58.5 

Benzene, volume percent 1.64 

Sulfur, ppm 340 

Initial Boiling Point, °F 90 

T10, OF 117 

T50, OF 206 

T90, OF 338 

End Point, OF 409 

Octane, (R+M)/2 88.6 

API Gravity 59.5 

Reid Vapor Pressure, psi 10.5 

Diesel: 

Aromatics, volume percent 42.2 

Olefins, volume percent 1.5 

Saturates, volume percent 56.1 

Sulfur, weight percent 0.2 6 

Initial Boiling Point, °F 368 

T10, op 441 

T50, OF 519 

T90, OF 609 

End Point, OF 655 

Cetane Number 45.6 

Cetane Index 46.0 

Cloud Point, OF 2.82 

Flash Point, OF 145 
P.7 

Pour Point, OF -6.15 

Specific Gravity 0.86 

Kinematic Viscosity, cs* 2.87 

Filterability Plugging Index 35.1 

* centistokes at 40 oc 

Statistics that describe the mean, maximum, minimum, and standard 

deviation of the parameter values from the surveyed cities are 

presented in Figure 3. These statistics may be useful when 

determining base fuel blending tolerances. The mean parameter 

values reported in Figure 3 differ from the above cited parameter 

values because the mean parameter values (likewise, the maximum and 

minimum values) have not been weighted by fuel sales. 

Discussion 

While comment would be appreciated on all topics related to 

the determination and use of base fuels for the F/FA program, EPA 

has identified a number of issues which must be resolved before 

base fuels can be produced and tested. These issues are presented 

in this section for the purpose of initiating comment from the 

public and the affected industries. 

1. The Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) Program NPRM (FR 31176, 

July 9, 1991) describes two fuels that represent industry average 

winter and summer gasolines. These fuels have been used to 

determine emission reductions of reformulated gasolines. Emissions 

generated from the industry average summer gasoline have been 

characterized during the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research 

Program for the RFG rulemaking. The RFG summer baseline fuel has 

been produced for research purposes, but RFG industry average 

baseline fuels are not expected to be produced in large amounts. 

Figure 4 provides a comparison of the RFG industry average baseline 

gasolines (as currently proposed) and the proposed F/FA base 

gasoline fuel. What applicability (if any) should the RFG industry 

average baseline fuels have on the base gasoline of the F/FA 

program? What purpose or advantage would be gained if the F/FA 

Program adopted one of the RFG industry average baseline fuel 

specifications? 

2. The fuels used for certifying vehicle emissions might 

also be suitable for use as base fuels for the Fuels and Fuel 

Additives program. Certification fuels have been produced and sold 

for vehicle testing for many years so the use of these fuels would 

probably be less costly than use of specially formulated fuels. A 

comparison of certification and sales-weighted average fuels is 

shown in Figures 4 and 5. Would certification fuels be acceptable 

for use as base fuels for the Fuels and Fuel Additives program? Do 

certification fuels sufficiently resemble commercially available 

fuels such that the results of tests performed on certification 

fuel emissions would be applicable to commercial fuels? Would 

additional fuel parameters need to be controlled or parameter 

tolerances adjusted if these fuels were used? 
P.8 

3. Most of the gasoline and diesel fuels sold in this 

country include chemical additives introduced into the fuel stream 

by fuel producers or blenders before the fuel reaches the final 

consumer. These so-called "bulk" fuel additives serve a number of 

functions, including fuel stabilization, deposit control, and 

combustion enhancement. Often the composition of these chemicals is 

a trade secret. Should base fuels contain fuel additives? If so, 

what purpose (s) should they serve? Should specific brands of fuel 

additives be specified? What concentrations should the fuel 

additives have in the fuel? 

4. Over time, the gasoline and diesel fuels sold in this 

country have changed. With the advent of federal regulations on 

fuel composition and with states taking greater interest in the 

fuels being sold, further fuel changes are expected in the future. 

The F/FA program has been structured so that the base fuels 

represent the sales-weighted average of fuels used in this country 

over a certain period of time. Should base fuel specifications be 

changed periodically to reflect changes in the fuels sold in the 

country? How often? Should base fuels be changed only to reflect 

changes in fuel requirements, such as the new sulfur limits on 

diesel fuels or oxygen content in gasolines sold in specified parts 

of the country? If base fuels are to be defined once and then 

remain unchanged or only slightly modified, which year(s) should be 

surveyed to define the base fuel parameter values? Given the 

different fuel control program in California, should fuels meeting 

California specifications be tested separately? 

5. If too much variability is allowed in base fuel 

composition, test results may lose validity. On the other hand, 

the greater the number of fuel parameters controlled and the 

narrower the tolerances allowed, the more difficult it will become 

to make the fuel. While the base fuel parameter values presented 

above include almost all of the parameters available from the fuel 

surveys, some may not be necessary for the F/FA program. Which of 

these parameters should be retained in the definition of base 

gasoline and diesel fuels? Are other parameters missing that 

should be included? What tolerances should be allowed for fuel 

parameter values? 

6. Alcohol, alcohol/gasoline blends, natural gas, and other 

alternative fuels will likely become more common in the next few 

years, and base fuels for these alternative fuel families will soon 

be needed. How should specifications for alternative base fuels be 

determined given that their sales to date are small and that their 

composition may change as economic and technological factors 

change? How should the gasoline component of gasoline/alcohol 

blends be determined? Should the base fuel for neat alternative 

fuels be given tolerances for impurities? 
P.9 

Figure 1 : Fuel Averaging Method Used to Determine 

Base Gasoline Fuel Parameter Values 

1. Acquire monthly or bi-monthly fuel parameter data for 

each fuel grade and each city for a one year period. This data 

should include the number of samples taken at each city for each 

fuel grade. More than one survey should be acquired, if possible. 

2. If, within a survey, more than one sample parameter value 

is available for a given city/fuel grade, average the sample values 

so that each survey has one set of parameter values for each 

city/fuel grade. 

3. Combine the data from the different surveys by weighing 

the average parameter values determined for each survey by the 

number of samples taken in each survey. The result is one 

parameter value for each fuel grade, city, and time period. (Twomonth intervals are acceptable if data are not available for each 

month.) 

4. Acquire the fraction of sales for each fuel grade within 

each city and time period surveyed, i.e., sales for the grade 

divided by total sales. (This may be estimated by using the 

fraction of fuel grade sales for the state in which the city exists 

for each time period surveyed if city data are not available.) If 

a parameter is not available for one of the fuel grades for a 

surveyed city, sales should be distributed between the grades for 

which data are available. 

5. Combine the different grade values by multiplying the 

parameter values for each grade by the fraction of sales for that 

grade, and summing. This is to be done for each city and each time 

period, resulting in one parameter value for each city and time 

period. 

6. Determine one parameter value for each state for each 

time period: 

A. If the state does not contain any cities in the 

survey, it is not assigned a parameter value and is 

not represented in the parameter averaging 

procedure. 

B. If the state contains only one city in the survey, 

the parameter value determined for that city in 

step #5 is assigned to the state. 

C. If the state contains more than one city in the 

survey, the state parameter value is determined by 

weighing parameter values determined for each city 

in step #5 by the relative amount of fuel sold in 

that city. Relative city fuel sales are estimated 
P.10 

by the fraction of population in each of the cities 

surveyed in that state in relation to the sum from 

all of the surveyed cities in that state. 

7. Acquire fuel sales (summed across grades) for each state 

and each time period for which a parameter value was determined in 

#6. Sum these fuel sales from all represented states and all time 

periods surveyed. This is referred to as "Total Sales". 

8. Multiply the parameter values determined in step #6 by 

the state fuel sales values of step #7, and divide each by the 

Total Sales of step #7. Sum up all of the weighted values to 

determine the average value for the parameter. 

J 
P.11 

Figure 2 : Fuel Averaging Method Used to Determine 

Base Diesel Fuel Parameter Values 

1. Acquire fuel parameter data (monthly or bi-monthly if 

possible, otherwise twice per year) for each city for a one year 

period. 

2. If, within a survey, more than one sample parameter value 

is available for a given city/fuel grade, average the sample values 

so that each survey has one set of parameter values for each 

city/fuel grade. 

3. Determine one parameter value for each state for each 

time period: 

A. If the state does not contain any cities in the 

survey, it is not assigned a parameter value and is 

not represented in the parameter averaging 

procedure. 

B. If the state contains only one city in the survey, 

the parameter value determined for that city in 

step #2 is assigned to the state. 

C. If the state contains more than one city in the 

survey, the state parameter value is determined by 

weighing parameter values determined for each city 

in step #2 by the relative amount of fuel sold in 

that city. Relative city fuel sales are estimated 

by the fraction of population in each of the cities 

surveyed in that state in relation to the sum from 

all of the surveyed cities in that state. 

4. Acquire fuel sales for each state and each time period 

for which a parameter value was determined in #3. Sum these fuel 

sales from all represented states and all time periods surveyed. 

This is referred to as "Total Sales". 

5. Multiply the parameter values determined in step #3 by 

the state fuel sales values of step #4, and divide each by the 

Total Sales of step #4. Sum up all of the weighted values to 

determine the average value for the parameter. 
P.12 

* 

Figure 3 : Parameter 

for 

Statistics From S 

1990 Gasoline and 

Gasoline Fuel Statistics 

Aromatics, vol% 

Olefins, vol% 

Benzene, vol% 

Sulfur, ppm 

IBP, OF 

T10, OF 

T50, OF 

T90, OF 

End Point, OF 

Octane, (R+M)/2 

API Gravity 

RVP, psi 

Mean 

29.0 

10.7 

1.66 

290 

88.7 

117.9 

209 

333 

406 

89.6 

59.2 

10.6 

Diesel Fuel Statistics 

Aromatics, vol% 

Olefins, vol% 

Saturates, vol% 

Sulfur, wt% 

IBP, OF 

T10, OF 

T50, OF 

T90, OF 

End Point, °F 

Cetane Number 

Cetane Index 

Cloud Point, OF 

Flash Point, OF 

Pour Point, OF 

Specific Gravity 

Mean 

39.1 

1.4 

59.4 

0.30 

359 

427 

507 

601 

649 

45.2 

45.6 

0.0 

140 

-13.1 

0.853 

Kin. Viscosity,cs2 2.59 

Filterability 33.7 

Maximum 

47.6 

34.0 

3.23 

1070 

102.0 

146.2 

246 

370 

490 

93.4 

58.6 

15.2 

Maximum 

50.7 

3.3 

75.0 

0.46 

393 

458 

536 

625 

668 

51.2 

49.9 

12.0 

168 

6.0 

0.868 

3.28 

78.6 

Diesel 

urveyed Cities 

Fuels1 

Minimum Std Deviation 

6.7 

0.5 

0.50 

10 

77.1 

93.4 

150 

281 

330 

83.3 

49.4 

7.3 

6.1 

5.5 

0.48 

190 

5.3 

10.6 

14.1 

12.2 

11.7 

2.2 

3.0 

2.1 

Minimum Std. Deviation 

24.0 

0.6 

45.9 

0.03 

336 

383 

478 

575 

622 

40.8 

43.3 

-14.0 

118 

-36.0 

0.835 

2.11 

1.4 

-The gasoline fuel statistics have been 

gasoline fuel surveys performed by the 

Association and 

statistics have 

performed by the 

2centistokes 

Southwest 

6.2 

0.6 

6.6 

0.11 

14.2 

17.9 

17.2 

13.7 

13.2 

2.0 

1.4 

6.6 

10.9 

10.6 

0.008 

0.32 

17.1 

derived from 1990 

Motor Vehicle Manufacturer 

Research Institute. 

been derived from 

The diesel fuel 

1990 diesel fuel surveys 

Motor Vehicle Manufacturer Association. 

at 40 oc 
P.13 

Figure 4 : Parameter Value Comparison of the Proposed 

Fuels and Fuel Additives (F/FA) Program Base Gasoline, 

the Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) Program Summer and 

Winter Industry Average Baseline Gasolines, and 

Certificatio n Gasoline 

F/FA Ind . Avg. Ind . Avg. Certificatio n 

Base FuelxSummer2 Winter 3 Gasolin e 

Aromatics, vol . % 28. 7 32. 0 26. 4 35 (max) 

9.2 11. 9 10 (max) 

58. 8 61. 7 Remainde r 

1.53 1.62 

339 338 1000 (max) 

91 87 75-9 5 

128 111 120-135 

218 199 200-230 

330 332 300-325 

415 404 415 (max) 

87. 3 88. 1 93* 

57. 4 60.4 

8.7 11. 7 8.7-9. 2 

Olefins, vol. % 

Saturates, vol. % 

Benzene, vol. % 

Sulfur, ppm 

IBP, OF 

T10, OF 

T50, OF 

T90, OF 

End Point, °F 

Octane, (R+M)/2 

API Gravity 

RVP, psi 

12.8 

58.5 

1.64 

340 

90 

117 

206 

338 

409 

88.6 

59.5 

10.5 

because of the differing methods used to compute the Summer 

and Winter Industry Average gasolines for the Reformulated Gasoline 

program, the Fuels and Fuel Additives program Base Gasoline 

parameters, which were determined in a manner similar to the Winter 

Industry Average gasoline, do not necessarily fall between the 

Summer and Winter Industry Average gasoline parameter values. 

2These values were originally listed in the Clean Air Act 

Amendments of 1990 and reprinted in the Reformulated Gasoline 

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Federal Register 31176, July 9, 

1991. The Summer Industry Average Baseline gasoline was used in 

the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program and called 

the "Industry Average" gasoline. 

3These values were taken from the Reformulated Gasoline 

Supplementary Notice of Proposed Rulemaking found in docket A-91-02 

and are pertinent to the time period from September 16 to March 31. 

These specifications are subject to change in the final rulemaking. 

4This value is for Research Octane only. 
P.14 

Figure 5 : Parameter Value Comparison of the Proposed 

Fuels and Fuel Additives (F/FA) Program Base Diesel 

Fuel and Number 2 Diesel Certification Fuel 

Aromatics, volume percent 

Olefins, volume percent 

Saturates, volume percent 

Sulfur, weight percent 

Initial Boiling Point, OF 

T10, OF 

T50, OF 

T90, OF 

End Point, °F 

Cetane Number 

Cetane Index 

Cloud Point, OF 

Flash Point, OF 

Pour Point, OF 

Specific Gravity 

Kinematic Viscosity, cs1 

Filterability Plugging Index 

F/FA 

Base Fuel 

42.2 

1.5 

56.1 

0.26 

368 

441 

519 

609 

655 

45.6 

46.0 

2.82 

145 

-6.15 

0.86 

2.87 

35.1 

Certification 

Diesel Fuel 

27 (min) 

(Remainder Contains 

Olefins and Saturates) 

0.20-0.50 

340-400 

400-460 

470-540 

550-610 

580-660 

42-50 

130 (min) 

0.84-0.86 

2.0-3.2 

1centistokes at 40 «C