# DOE/EIA-0384(2010) | October 2011



# www.eia.gov/aer 

# Annual Energy Review 2010TheAnnual Energy Review(AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, databegin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,electricity, nuclear energy,renewable energy, and international energy; financialand environment indicators; and data unit conversions.Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department ofEnergy Organization Act),Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilitiesgiven to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,comprehensive, and unified energy data and information programwhich will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, anddisseminate dataand information....”The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readersregarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.Important Notes About the DataData Displayed:For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, and 1966-1969) are not shown on the tables inthe printed report or the Portable Document Format (PDF) files; however, all yearsof data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperText Markup Language(HTML) files.Comprehensive Changes:Most AER2010tables and figures carry anew year of data (usually 2010), which are often preliminary and likely to berevised next year, and revisions to much of the 2009 data, which are now final inmany cases.Monthly Data:The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analystsmay wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIA’s monthly releasesthat offer updates to the most recent years’ data. In particular, see theMonthlyEnergy Reviewat http://www.eia.gov/mer for statistics that include updates tomany of the annual series in this report.This and other EIA publications may be purchased from the U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office:InternetU.S. Government Online BookstorePhoneDC Metro Area: 202-512-1800Toll-Free: 866-512-18007:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m., Eastern time, M-FFax202-512-2104MailSuperintendent of DocumentsP.O. Box 371954Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954For additional information see http://bookstore.gpo.gov/index.jsp.Complimentary copies are available tocertain groups, such as public and academiclibraries; Federal, State, local, and foreign governments; EIA survey respondents;and the media. For further information and answers to questions on energy statistics, contact:Office of Communications, EI-40Forrestal Building, Room 1E-2101000 Independence Avenue, S.W.Washington, DC 20585Telephone: 202–586–880024-hour automated information lineFax: 202–586–0114Email: infoctr@eia.govWebsite: http://www.eia.govGPO Stock No:061-003-01158-6Electronic AccessThe AER is available on EIA’s website in a variety of formats at:http://www.eia.gov/aer.Full report and sections: PDF filesReport tables: Excel, HTML, and PDF filesTable data (unrounded): Excel filesGraphs: PDF filesNote:In many cases, PDF files display selected annual data; Excel and HTMLfiles display all years of data available. Excel files display the greatest data precision available.Annual Energy Review 2010 Ordering InformationReleased for printing: October 19, 2011Printed with soy ink on recycled paper.DOE/EIA-0384(2010)Annual Energy Review 2010October 2011U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOffice of Energy StatisticsU.S. Department of EnergyWashington, DC 20585This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical andanalytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law,EIA’s data, analyses, and forecastsare independent of approval by any other officer or employee of theUnited States Government. Theviews in this report thereforeshould not be construed as representing those of the Department ofEnergy or other Federal agencies.TheAnnual Energy Review(AER) is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Survey Development and Statistical Integration, Integrated EnergyStatistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T. Fichman,202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments about the AER may be referred to RyanRepice, 202-586-5828 (ryan.repice@eia.gov), the Office of Communications, 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov), or the following subject specialists:1. Energy Overview....................................... Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 202-586-58282. Energy Consumption by Sector........................... Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 202-586-5828Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey................Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.gov 202-586-1134Residential Energy Consumption Survey...................James Berry james.berry@eia.gov 202-586-5543Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey..........Joelle Michaels joelle.michaels@eia.gov 202-586-89523. Financial IndicatorsFinancial Reporting System.............................Robert Schmitt robert.schmitt@eia.gov 202-586-86444. Energy ResourcesPetroleum and Natural Gas..............................Robert F. King robert.king@eia.gov 202-586-4787Coal................................................Nicholas Paduano nicholas.paduano@eia.gov 202-287-6326Uranium............................................Doug Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.gov 202-586-1085Renewable Energy....................................April Lee april.lee@eia.gov 202-586-95605. Petroleum and Other Liquids.............................Jennifer Barrick jennifer.barrick@eia.gov 202-586-6254Prices.............................................. Marlana Anderson marlana.anderson@eia.gov 202-586-29706. Natural Gas...........................................Amy Sweeney amy.sweeney@eia.gov 202-586-26277. Coal..................................................Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.gov 202-586-17198. Electricity.............................................Channele Wirman channele.wirman@eia.gov 202-586-53569. Nuclear Energy........................................Michael Mobilia michael.mobilia@eia.gov 202-586-631810. Renewable Energy......................................Gwendolyn Jacobs gwendolyn.jacobs@eia.gov 202-586-584711. EnvironmentGreenhouse Gases.....................................Perry Lindstrom perry.lindstrom@eia.gov 202-586-0934Environmental Equipment..............................Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.gov 202-586-3139U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 iiiContactsThis twenty-ninth edition of theAnnual Energy Review(AER) presents the U.S.Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) most comprehensive look at integratedenergy statistics. The summary statistics on the Nation’s energy production,consumption, trade, stocks, and prices cover all major energy commodities and allenergy-consuming sectors of the U.S. economy from 1949 through 2010. The AERis EIA’s historical record of energy statistics and, because the coverage spans sixdecades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analysis.The AER is a companion report to EIA’sMonthly Energy Review(MER), and itcovers most MER series over a much longer time span. Numerous additional seriesare included in the AER. The additional series are available because EIA’s surveys,on which both reports are largely based, provide more extensive coverage of annualstatistics than of monthly statistics.AER statistics for recent years, particularly2010, are more likely than statistics forearlier years to be revised by EIA as newinformation becomes available. The MER,therefore, is the recommended source for the most recent statistics for many of theAER series.For the most part, fuel-specific statisticsin the AER are expressed in physical units,such as barrels, cubic feet, short tons, and kilowatthours. Summary statistics inSections 1 and 2, however, are expressed in British thermal units (Btu), whichallows different fuels to be compared andintegrated summary statistics, such as theU.S. consumption of primary energy, to be calculated.The AER emphasizes domestic energy statistics but also covers trade statistics. Forexample, statistics on petroleum imports by country of origin have been included inSection 5, “Petroleum,” in order to give a complete picture of petroleum statistics.Publication of the AER each year is inkeeping with responsibilities given EIA inSection 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy Organization Act, Public Law 95-91.The report is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readersregarding its energy statistics. To make a suggestion or to obtain specific information regarding the contents of the AER,readers may contact any of the subjectspecialists listed as contacts on the preceding page.Printed copies of theAnnual Energy Review 2010may be obtained by contacting theU.S. Government Printing Office or EIA’s Office of Communications, as listed onthe inside front cover of this report. The information in this report is also availableelectronically at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 vPrefaceThisedition of EIA’sAnnual Energy Review(AER) incorporates several changesfrom earlier editions. The major changes are summarized below.Noncombustible Renewable EnergyAn important change in this year’s AER occurs in Table 1.3, where the concepts of“captured energy” and “adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence” for noncombustiblerenewable energy sources – conventional hydroelectric power, solar thermal andphotovoltaic, wind, and geothermal – are shown for the first time. This change isimportant for two reasons.First, a new calculation brings reporting of geothermal energy used for electricitygeneration in line with EIA’s reporting of other noncombustible renewable energyconsumption. Beginning in the April 2011 issue of theMonthly Energy Reviewand in this edition of the AER, EIA usesthe fossil-fuels heat rate, calculated as9,760 Btu per kilowatthour in 2010, to measure the amount of geothermal energyused for electricity net generation. Previously, a technology-specific heat rate,estimated as 21,017 Btu per kilowatthour in 2010 (see Table A6), was used forgeothermal energy consumption. All things being equal, the use of the new heatrate reduces consumption of geothermal energy by about half in 2010 and theconsumption of all renewable energy by more than 2 percent. This changeshould be taken into account when analyzing long-term trends in geothermal andrenewable energy consumption.Second, totals for “captured energy” and“adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence”have been calculated. “Captured energy” isdefined as the energy content of the netelectricity generated from noncombustiblerenewable resources and noncombustibleenergy that is used directly. The “adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence” shows thedifference between captured energy and theenergy in the fossil fuels that wouldhave been needed to generate the same amount of electricity.The summary information shown in Table 1.3 is shown in more detail on Tables10.1-10.4 and in Appendix F, Table F3. Appendix F contains a more completeexplanation of the geothermal calculation and of other approaches to calculating theenergy value of noncombustible renewable energy consumption.Petroleum and Other LiquidsFormer Table 5.1, “Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009,” is renumbered as Table 5.1b and is now precededby Table 5.1a, “Petroleum and OtherLiquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010.” The new table reflects the growingimportance of non-petroleum liquids, such as fuel ethanol and biodiesel, in worldpetroleum markets. It includes data on the production, net imports, and estimatedconsumption of petroleum and other liquids,as well as two calculations: (1) production as a share of estimated consumption, and (2) net imports as a share of estimatedconsumption.Renewable Energy Resource MapsFor the first time, the AER displays six detailed geospatial maps showing U.Srenewable energy resources. Figures 4.14-4.19 cover concentrating solar power,solar photovoltaic, onshore wind, offshore wind, geothermal, and biomass resources.The geospatial data and the map images are produced by the U.S. Department ofEnergy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory.International DataThe AER no longer contains a separate international section. Historical data starting in1980 that were formerly presented in AERSection 11 are available from EIA’s international energy statistics table browser at http:// www.eia.gov/ies. Data prior to 1980 canbe found in AER 2009 at http://www.eia.gov/FTPROOT/multifuel/038409.pdf. TheAER continues to present trade data for individual fuels in the fuel-specific sections ofthe report. For example, statistics on petroleum imports by country of origin are stillincluded in Section 5, “Petroleum and Other Liquids.”Energy TransformationThe AER’s new Appendix F includes an explanation of energy transformation. In allenergy transformation processes, some useful energy is lost in converting one formof energy to another. The most significant losses, by far, occur when electricity isgenerated from primary energy sources. InSection 2 of the AER, the electric powersector continues to be portrayed as an energy-consuming sector. In Appendix F,Figure F1, the electric power sector is portrayed as an energy transformation sector.For more information, please see Appendix FU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 viiChanges in This Year’sAnnual Energy ReviewContentsPageSections1. Energy Overview........................................................................................................... 12. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353. Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674. Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955. Petroleum and Other Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1897. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2098. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2319. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28110. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28911. Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313AppendicesA. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353E. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Flow DiagramsEnergy Flow, 2010.......................................................................................................... 3Petroleum Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Natural Gas Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Coal Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Electricity Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 ix1. Energy Overview1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010......................................................................51.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010............................................................ 71.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010.................................................. 91.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates, Selected Years, 1980-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332. Energy Consumption by Sector2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653. Financial Indicators3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79TablesPagex U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20103. Financial Indicators—Continued3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934. Energy Resources4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, Selected Years, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration and DevelopmentExpenditures, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1974-2009. . .. . . . 1154.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215. Petroleum and Other Liquids5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1455.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1555.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1575.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1615.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162TablesPageU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 xi5. Petroleum and Other Liquids—Continued5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1655.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1665.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. .. . . . . . . . . . . 1675.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1735.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1775.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1815.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1835.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1855.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1876. Natural Gas6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1936.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1956.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1976.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2036.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2056.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2077. Coal7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2137.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2157.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2177.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2197.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2217.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2237.7 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2257.8 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2277.9 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2298. Electricity8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2358.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2388.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240TablesPagexii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20108. Electricity—Continued8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2418.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2438.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2448.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . .. . . . . . . . 2458.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2478.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2488.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and IndustrialSectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2498.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2528.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . 2548.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and IndustrialSectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . 2558.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2578.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2588.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2598.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2618.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: ElectricPower Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . 2628.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2638.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2658.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2678.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2698.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2728.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2738.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2748.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2758.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, Selected Years, 1986-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2778.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2799. Nuclear Energy9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2839.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2859.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28710. Renewable Energy10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29110.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29410.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29510.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297TablesPageU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 xiii10. Renewable Energy—Continued10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29910.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30110.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30310.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30510.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30710.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30910.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31111. Environment11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31511.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31711.3a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31911.3b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32011.3c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32111.3d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32211.3e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32311.4 Methane Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32511.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32711.6a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . 32911.6b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009. .. . . . . . . 33011.6c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33111.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion FactorsA1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion FactorsB1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price DeflatorD1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353TablesPagexiv U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Appendix F.Alternatives for Estimating Energy ConsumptionF1. Conversion Efficiencies of Noncombustible Renewable Energy Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359F2. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362F3. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362TablesPageU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 xv1. Energy Overview1.0 Energy Flow, 2010.................................................................................................. 31.1 Primary Energy Overview............................................................................................ 41.2 Primary Energy Production by Source...................................................................................61.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source.........................................................................81.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.6 State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Person, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322. Energy Consumption by Sector2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.4 Household Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643. Financial Indicators3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82FiguresPagexvi U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20103. Financial Indicators—Continued3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924. Energy Resources4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Explorationand Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204.14 Concentrating Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224.15 Photovoltaic Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234.16 Onshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244.17 Offshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254.18 Geothermal Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1264.19 Biomass Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1275. Petroleum and Other Liquids5.0 Petroleum Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.1b Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365.3 Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1385.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405.5 Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1465.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1485.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152FiguresPageU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 xvii5. Petroleum and Other Liquids—Continued5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1545.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1585.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1595.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1645.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1685.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1725.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1765.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1825.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1845.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1866. Natural Gas6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1916.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1926.2 Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1946.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1966.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1986.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2006.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2026.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2046.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2067. Coal7.0 Coal Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2117.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2127.2 Coal Production, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2147.3 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2167.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2187.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207.6 Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2227.7 Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2247.8 Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2267.9 Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2288. Electricity8.0 Electricity Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233FiguresPagexviii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20108. Electricity—Continued8.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2348.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2368.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2378.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2428.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2468.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2508.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2518.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2010.. . . . 2568.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2608.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2648.9 Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2668.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2688.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2708.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2718.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2768.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2789. Nuclear Energy9.1 Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2829.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2849.3 Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28610. Renewable Energy10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29010.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29210.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29310.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29610.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29810.4 Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30010.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30210.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30410.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30610.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30810.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31011. Environment11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31411.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31611.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31811.4 Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32411.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326FiguresPageU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 xix11. Environment—Continued11.6 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32811.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and DivisionC1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351Appendix F.Alternatives for Estimating Energy ConsumptionF1. Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total Energy, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361FiguresPagexx U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101. Energy OverviewFigure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2010(Quadrillion Btu)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 31Includes lease condensate.2Natural gas plant liquids.3Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.4Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.5Natural gas, coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.6Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.7Coal, natural gas, coal coke, electricity, and biofuels.8Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.9Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel.10Includes 0.01 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.11Includes 0.09 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.12Total energy consumption, which is the sum ofprimary energy consumption, electricity retailsales, and electrical system energy losses.Losses are allocated to the end-use sectors inproportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, “Electrical SystemsEnergy Losses,” at end of Section 2.Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Valuesare derived from source data prior to rounding forpublication. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.Figure 1.1 Primary Energy OverviewOverview, 1949-2010 Production and Consumption, 2010Overview, 2010 Energy Flow, 2010(Quadrillion Btu)4 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010ConsumptionProductionImportsProduction Consumption0306090120

Quadrillion Btu1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100306090120

Quadrillion Btu7530898Production Imports Exports Consumption0306090120

Quadrillion BtuFossilFuelsFossilFuelsNuclearNuclearRenewableRenewable7598Exports1Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for. Source: Table 1.1.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 5**T able 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Quadrillion Btu)**Year Production** **Trade Stock** **Change and** **Other**8**Consumption Fossil** **Fuels**2**Nuclear Electric** **Power**3**Renewable Energy** 4**Total Imports** **Exports Net Imports** 1**Fossil Fuels** 9**Nuclear Electric** **Power**3**Renewable Energy** 4**Total**10**Petroleum**5**Total**6**Coal Total** 7**Total**1949 28.748 0.000 2.974 31.722 1.427 1.448 0.877 1.592 -0.144 0.403 29.002 0.000 2.974 31.9821950 32.563 .000 2.978 35.540 1.886 1.913 .786 1.465 .448 -1.372 31.632 .000 2.978 34.6161955 37.364 .000 2.784 40.148 2.752 2.790 1.465 2.286 .504 -.444 37.410 .000 2.784 40.2081960 39.869 .006R2.928R42.803 3.999 4.188 1.023 1.477 2.710 -.427 42.137 .006R2.928R45.0861965 47.235 .043R3.396R50.674 5.402 5.892 1.376 1.829 4.063 -.722 50.577 .043R3.396R54.0151970 59.186 .239R4.070R63.495 7.470 8.342 1.936 2.632 5.709 -1.367 63.522 .239R4.070R67.8381975 54.733 1.900R4.687R61.320 12.948 14.032 1.761 2.323 11.709R-1.065R65.357 1.900R4.687R71.9651976 54.723 2.111R4.727R61.561 15.672 16.760 1.597 2.172 14.588R-.175R69.107 2.111R4.727R75.9751977 55.101 2.702R4.209R62.012 18.756 19.948 1.442 2.052 17.896R-1.946R70.991 2.702R4.209R77.9611978 55.074 3.024R5.005R63.104 17.824 19.106 1.078 1.920 17.186R-.339R71.854 3.024R5.005R79.9501979 58.006 2.776R5.123R65.904 17.933 19.460 1.753 2.855 16.605R-1.650R72.891 2.776R5.123R80.8591980 59.008 2.739R5.428R67.175 14.658 15.796 2.421 3.695 12.101R-1.210R69.828 2.739R5.428R78.0671981 58.529 3.008R5.414R66.951 12.639 13.719 2.944 4.307 9.412R-.257R67.571 3.008R5.414R76.1061982 57.458 3.131R5.980R66.569 10.777 11.861 2.787 4.608 7.253 -.723 63.888 3.131R5.980R73.0991983 54.416 3.203R6.496R64.114 10.647 11.752 2.045 3.693 8.059R.798R63.152 3.203R6.496R72.9711984 58.849 3.553R6.438R68.840 11.433 12.471 2.151 3.786 8.685R-.892R66.506 3.553R6.438R76.6321985 57.539 4.076R6.084R67.698 10.609 11.781 2.438 4.196 7.584R1.110R66.093 4.076R6.084R76.3921986 56.575 4.380R6.111R67.066 13.201 14.151 2.248 4.021 10.130R-.549R66.033 4.380R6.111R76.6471987 57.167 4.754R5.622R67.542 14.162 15.398 2.093 3.812 11.586R-.074R68.521 4.754R5.622R79.0541988 57.875 5.587R5.457R68.919 15.747 17.296 2.499 4.366 12.929R.861R71.557 5.587R5.457R82.7091989 57.483 5.602R6.235R69.320 17.162 18.766 2.637 4.661 14.105R1.361R72.911 5.602R6.235R84.7861990 58.560 6.104R6.041R70.705 17.117 18.817 2.772 4.752 14.065R-.284R72.332 6.104R6.041R84.4851991 57.872 6.422R6.069R70.362 16.348 18.335 2.854 5.141 13.194R.882 71.880 6.422R6.069R84.4381992 57.655 6.479R5.821R69.955 16.968 19.372 2.682 4.937 14.435R1.392R73.396 6.479R5.821R85.7831993 55.822 6.410R6.083R68.315 18.510 21.273 1.962 4.258 17.014R2.094R74.836 6.410R6.083R87.4241994 58.044 6.694R5.988R70.726 19.243 22.390 1.879 4.061 18.329 .037R76.256 6.694R5.988R89.0911995 57.540 7.075R6.558R71.174 18.881 22.260 2.318 4.511 17.750R2.105R77.259 7.075R6.560R91.0291996 58.387 7.087R7.012R72.486 20.284 23.702 2.368 4.633 19.069R2.468R79.785 7.087R7.014R94.0221997 58.857 6.597R7.018R72.472 21.740 25.215 2.193 4.514 20.701 1.429R80.873 6.597R7.016R94.6021998 59.314 7.068R6.494R72.876 22.908 26.581 2.092 4.299 22.281 -.140 81.369 7.068R6.493R95.0181999 57.614 7.610R6.517R71.742 23.133 27.252 1.525 3.715 23.537R1.373 82.427 7.610R6.516R96.6522000 57.366 7.862R6.104R71.332 24.531 28.973 1.528 4.006 24.967R2.516R84.731 7.862R6.106R98.8152001 58.541 8.029R5.164R71.735 25.398 30.157 1.265R3.771 26.386 -1.953 82.902 8.029R5.163R96.1682002 56.894 8.145R5.734R70.773R24.674R29.408 1.032R3.669 25.739R1.181R83.747 8.145R5.729R97.6932003 56.099 7.959R5.982R70.040R26.219 31.061 1.117 4.054 27.007R.931R84.014 7.959R5.983R97.9782004 55.895 8.222R6.070R70.188R28.197R33.544 1.253R4.434 29.110R.850 85.805 8.222R6.082R100.1482005 55.038 8.161R6.229R69.427R29.248R34.709 1.273R4.560 30.149R.701R85.790 8.161R6.242R100.2772006 55.968 8.215R6.608R70.792R29.169R34.679 1.264R4.872R29.806R-.974 84.687 8.215R6.659R99.6242007 56.447 8.455R6.537R71.440R28.781R34.703 1.507R5.482R29.221R.703R86.251 8.455R6.551R101.3632008R57.482 8.427R7.205R73.114R27.685R32.992 2.071R7.060R25.932R.222R83.540 8.427R7.190R99.2682009R56.644R8.356R7.603R72.603R25.082R29.706 1.515R6.965R22.741R-.869R78.416R8.356R7.587R94.4752010P58.527 8.441 8.064 75.031 25.290 29.792 2.101 8.173 21.619 1.352 81.425 8.441 8.049 98.0031Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.2Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.3Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6).4See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and see Note, "RenewableEnergy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.5Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.6Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and electricity.7Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, biodiesel, and electricity.8Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stockchange and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,losses, and unaccounted for; fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.9Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. For petroleum, product supplied is used asan approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and PetroleumConsumption," at end of Section 5.10Also includes electricity net imports.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary Energy Consumption"inGlossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary.Sources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by SourceBy Source Category, 1949-2010 By Major Source, 1949-2010By Source, 20106 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100255075

Quadrillion Btu1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100510152025

Quadrillion BtuFossil FuelsNuclearElectricPowerRenewable EnergyBiomass22221284331Natural Coal Crude Oil1 Nuclear Biomass NGPL3 Hydro- Geothermal,051015202530

Quadrillion BtuNatural GasCrude Oil1Nuclear ElectricPowerCoalHydroelectric Power2NGPL31Includes lease condensate.2Conventional hydroelectric power.3Natural gas plant liquids.Source: Table 1.2.Solar/PV,WindGaselectricPower2ElectricPowerU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 7**T able 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Quadrillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power**5**Renewable Energy**1**Total Coal** 2**Natural Gas** **(Dry) Crude** **Oil**3**NGPL**4**Total Hydro** **electric Power** 6**Geothermal**7**Solar/PV**8**Wind**9**Biomass**10**Total**1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0.000 1.425 NA NA NA 1.549 2.974 31.7221950 14.060 6.233 11.447 .823 32.563 .000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 2.978 35.5401955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 2.784 40.1481960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 .006 1.608R(s) NA NA 1.320R2.928R42.8031965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 .043 2.059R.002 NA NA 1.335R3.396R50.6741970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 .239 2.634R.006 NA NA 1.431R4.070R63.4951975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 3.155R.034 NA NA 1.499R4.687R61.3201976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 2.976R.038 NA NA 1.713R4.727R61.5611977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 2.333R.037 NA NA 1.838R4.209R62.0121978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 2.937R.031 NA NA 2.038R5.005R63.1041979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 2.931R.040 NA NA 2.152R5.123R65.9041980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 2.900R.053 NA NA 2.476R5.428R67.1751981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 2.758R.059 NA NA 2.596R5.414R66.9511982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 3.266R.051 NA NA 2.663R5.980R66.5691983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 3.527R.064 NA (s) 2.904R6.496R64.1141984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 3.386R.081 (s) (s) 2.971R6.438R68.8401985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 2.970R.097 (s) (s) 3.016R6.084R67.6981986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 4.380 3.071R.108 (s) (s) 2.932R6.111R67.0661987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 4.754 2.635R.112 (s) (s) 2.875R5.622R67.5421988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 5.587 2.334R.106 (s) (s) 3.016R5.457R68.9191989221.360 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.483 5.602 2.837R.162 .055 .022 3.159R6.235R69.3201990 22.488 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.560 6.104 3.046R.171R.059 .029 2.735R6.041R70.7051991 21.636 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.872 6.422 3.016R.178R.062 .031 2.782R6.069R70.3621992 21.694 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.655 6.479 2.617R.179 .064 .030 2.932R5.821R69.9551993 20.336 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.822 6.410 2.892R.186 .066 .031 2.908R6.083R68.3151994 22.202 19.348 14.103 2.391 58.044 6.694 2.683R.173R.068 .036 3.028R5.988R70.7261995 22.130 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.540 7.075 3.205R.152R.069 .033 3.099R6.558R71.1741996 22.790 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.387 7.087 3.590R.163R.070 .033 3.155R7.012R72.4861997 23.310 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.857 6.597 3.640R.167 .070 .034 3.108R7.018R72.4721998 24.045 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.314 7.068 3.297R.168R.069 .031 2.929R6.494R72.8761999 23.295 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.614 7.610 3.268R.171R.068 .046 2.965R6.517R71.7422000 22.735 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.366 7.862 2.811R.164R.065 .057 3.006R6.104R71.3322001223.547 20.166 12.282 2.547 58.541 8.029 2.242R.164R.064 .070 2.624R5.164R71.7352002 22.732 19.439 12.163 2.559 56.894 8.145 2.689R.171R.063 .105 2.705R5.734R70.7732003 22.094 19.633 12.026 2.346 56.099 7.959 2.825R.175R.062 .115 2.805R5.982R70.0402004 22.852 19.074 11.503 2.466 55.895 8.222 2.690R.178R.063 .142 2.998R6.070R70.1882005 23.185 18.556 10.963 2.334 55.038 8.161 2.703R.181R.063 .178 3.104R6.229R69.4272006 23.790 19.022 10.801 2.356 55.968 8.215 2.869R.181R.068 .264 3.226R6.608R70.7922007 23.493 19.825 10.721 2.409 56.447 8.455 2.446R.186R.076 .341 3.489R6.537R71.4402008 23.851R20.703 10.509 2.419R57.482 8.427 2.511R.192R.089 .546 3.867R7.205R73.1142009R21.627R21.095R11.348R2.574R56.644R8.356R2.669R.200R.098R.721R3.915R7.603R72.6032010P22.077 22.095 11.669 2.686 58.527 8.441 2.509 .212 .109 .924 4.310 8.064 75.0311Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; andsee Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.2Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount ofrefuse recovery. See Table 7.1.3Includes lease condensate.4Natural gas plant liquids.5Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6).6Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).7Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6),and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuelsheat rate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.9Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).10Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuelethanol and biodiesel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.Notes:•See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary.Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by SourceProduction and Consumption, 1949-2010 By Major Source, 1949-2010By Major Source, 20108 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Petroleum products supplied, including naturalgas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in“Renewable Energy.” For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, “Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption,” at the end of Section 5Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010020406080100120

Quadrillion Btu1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010051015202530354045

Quadrillion BtuConsumptionProduction36252188Petroleum1 Natural Coal Nuclear Renewable010203040

Quadrillion BtuNatural GasRenewableEnergyNuclear Electric PowerCoalPetroleum1EnergyGas ElectricPowerU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 9**T able 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Quadrillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Renewable Energy** 1**Electricity Net** **Imports**3**Total Coal** **Coal Coke** **Net Imports** 3**Natural Gas** 4**Petroleum**5**Total Noncombustible** 2**Biomass**7**Total Captured** **Energy**6**Adjustment for Fossil Fuel** **Equivalence**6**Total**6,71949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 29.002 0.000 0.323 1.101 1.425 1.549 2.974 0.005 31.9821950 12.347 .001 5.968 13.315 31.632 .000 .344 1.071 1.415 1.562 2.978 .006 34.6161955 11.167 -.010 8.998 17.255 37.410 .000 .397 .963 1.360 1.424 2.784 .014 40.2081960 9.838 -.006 12.385 19.919 42.137 .006 .510 1.098 1.608 1.320R2.928 .015R45.0861965 11.581 -.018 15.769 23.246 50.577 .043 .673 1.388 2.061 1.335R3.396 (s)R54.0151970 12.265 -.058 21.795 29.521 63.522 .239 .858 1.781 2.639 1.431R4.070 .007R67.8381975 12.663 .014 19.948R32.732R65.357 1.900 1.045 2.143 3.188 1.499R4.687 .021R71.9651976 13.584 (s) 20.345R35.178R69.107 2.111 .991 2.022 3.014 1.713R4.727 .029R75.9751977 13.922 .015 19.931R37.124R70.991 2.702 .775 1.595 2.371 1.838R4.209 .059R77.9611978 13.766 .125 20.000R37.963R71.854 3.024 .977 1.990 2.968 2.038R5.005 .067R79.9501979 15.040 .063 20.666R37.122R72.891 2.776 .979 1.992 2.971 2.152R5.123 .069R80.8591980 15.423 -.035 20.235R34.205R69.828 2.739 .970 1.983 2.953 2.476R5.428 .071R78.0671981 15.908 -.016 19.747R31.932R67.571 3.008 .920 1.898 2.817 2.596R5.414 .113R76.1061982 15.322 -.022 18.356 30.232 63.888 3.131 1.082 2.234 3.316 2.663R5.980 .100R73.0991983 15.894 -.016 17.221R30.052R63.152 3.203 1.165 2.426 3.591 2.904R6.496 .121R72.9711984 17.071 -.011 18.394R31.053R66.506 3.553 1.133 2.334 3.467 2.971R6.438 .135R76.6321985 17.478 -.013 17.703R30.925R66.093 4.076 1.002 2.066 3.068 3.016R6.084 .140R76.3921986 17.260 -.017 16.591R32.198R66.033 4.380 1.038 2.141 3.179 2.932R6.111 .122R76.6471987 18.008 .009 17.640R32.864R68.521 4.754 .900 1.847 2.747 2.875R5.622 .158R79.0541988 18.846 .040 18.448R34.223R71.557 5.587 .807 1.634 2.441 3.016R5.457 .108R82.7091989 19.070 .030 19.602R34.209R72.911 5.602 1.048 2.028 3.076 3.159R6.235 .037R84.7861990 19.173 .005 19.603R33.552R72.332 6.104 1.128 2.177 3.306 2.735R6.041 .008R84.4851991 18.992 .010 20.033R32.846 71.880 6.422 1.121 2.166 3.287 2.782R6.069 .067R84.4381992 19.122 .035 20.714R33.525R73.396 6.479 1.001 1.889 2.890 2.932R5.821 .087R85.7831993 19.835 .027 21.229R33.745R74.836 6.410 1.100 2.074 3.174 2.908R6.083 .095R87.4241994 19.909 .058 21.728 34.561R76.256 6.694 1.030 1.930 2.961 3.028R5.988 .153R89.0911995 20.089 .061 22.671R34.438R77.259 7.075 1.197 2.262 3.459 3.101R6.560 .134R91.0291996 21.002 .023 23.085R35.675R79.785 7.087 1.326 2.530 3.857 3.157R7.014 .137R94.0221997 21.445 .046 23.223 36.159R80.873 6.597 1.360 2.550 3.910 3.105R7.016 .116R94.6021998 21.656 .067 22.830 36.816 81.369 7.068 1.247 2.318 3.565R2.927R6.493 .088R95.0181999 21.623 .058 22.909R37.838 82.427 7.610 1.240 2.312 3.552 2.963R6.516 .099R96.6522000 22.580 .065 23.824R38.262R84.731 7.862 1.090 2.008 3.098 3.008R6.106 .115R98.8152001 21.914 .029 22.773R38.186 82.902 8.029 .893 1.647 2.540 2.622R5.163 .075R96.1682002 21.904 .061 23.558R38.224R83.747 8.145 1.070 1.959 3.029 2.701R5.729 .072R97.6932003 22.321 .051 22.831R38.811R84.014 7.959 1.114 2.062 3.176 2.807R5.983 .022R97.9782004 22.466 .138 22.909 40.292 85.805 8.222 1.103 1.969 3.073 3.010R6.082 .039R100.1482005 22.797 .044 22.561R40.388R85.790 8.161 1.127 1.998 3.125R3.116R6.242R.085R100.2772006 22.447 .061 22.224 39.955 84.687 8.215 1.229 2.153 3.382R3.276R6.659 .063R99.6242007 22.749 .025 23.702R39.774R86.251 8.455 1.125 1.924 3.048R3.502R6.551 .107R101.3632008 22.385 .041R23.834R37.280R83.540 8.427 1.238 2.099 3.338 3.852R7.190 .112R99.2682009R19.692 -.024R23.344R35.403R78.416R8.356 1.382 2.306 3.688R3.899R7.587R.116R94.4752010P20.817 -.006 24.644 35.970 81.425 8.441 1.414 2.340 3.754 4.295 8.049 .088 98.0031Most data are estimates. See Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end ofSection 10.2Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind. See Note 1,"Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of section.3Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.4Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"at end of Section 6.5Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Doesnot include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." Forpetroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of Section 5.6See Note 1, "Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of section.7See Table 10.1 for a breakdown of individual sources.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.0005 and greater than -0.0005 quadrillion Btu.Notes:•See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.•See Table E1 for estimated energyconsumption for 1635-1945.•See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section8.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary.Sources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.8, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, A5, and A6.Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2010Energy Net Imports Imports and Exports, 2010Energy Imports Energy Exports10 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010010203040

Quadrillion BtuPetroleum1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Quadrillion BtuImports Exports010203040

Quadrillion BtuPetroleum 4.8TotalPetroleum25.3PetroleumOther 4.5Other 3.4TotalCoal1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010-505101520253035-5

Quadrillion BtuNote: Negative net imports are net exports. Source: Table 1.4.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 11**T able 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Quadrillion Btu)**Year Imports** **Exports Net** **Imports**1**Coal Coal** **Coke Natural** **Gas Petroleum** **Bio fuels** 4**Elec- tricity** **Total Coal** **Coal Coke** **Natural Gas** **Petroleum Bio** **fuels**5**Elec- tricity** **Total Total** **Crude Oil** 2**Petroleum Products** 3**Total Crude** **Oil**2**Petroleum Products** 3**Total**1949 0.008 0.007 0.000 0.915 0.513 1.427 NA 0.006 1.448 0.877 0.014 0.021 0.192 0.488 0.680 NA 0.001 1.592 -0.1441950 .009 .011 .000 1.056 .830 1.886 NA .007 1.913 .786 .010 .027 .202 .440 .642 NA .001 1.465 .4481955 .008 .003 .011 1.691 1.061 2.752 NA .016 2.790 1.465 .013 .032 .067 .707 .774 NA .002 2.286 .5041960 .007 .003 .161 2.196 1.802 3.999 NA .018 4.188 1.023 .009 .012 .018 .413 .431 NA .003 1.477 2.7101965 .005 .002 .471 2.654 2.748 5.402 NA .012 5.892 1.376 .021 .027 .006 .386 .392 NA .013 1.829 4.0631970 .001 .004 .846 2.814 4.656 7.470 NA .021 8.342 1.936 .061 .072 .029 .520 .549 NA .014 2.632 5.7091975 .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032 1.761 .032 .074 .012 .427 .439 NA .017 2.323 11.7091976 .030 .033 .988 11.239 4.434 15.672 NA .037 16.760 1.597 .033 .066 .017 .452 .469 NA .008 2.172 14.5881977 .041 .045 1.037 14.027 4.728 18.756 NA .069 19.948 1.442 .031 .056 .106 .408 .514 NA .009 2.052 17.8961978 .074 .142 .995 13.460 4.364 17.824 NA .072 19.106 1.078 .017 .053 .335 .432 .767 NA .005 1.920 17.1861979 .051 .099 1.300 13.825 4.108 17.933 NA .077 19.460 1.753 .036 .056 .497 .505 1.002 NA .007 2.855 16.6051980 .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796 2.421 .051 .049 .609 .551 1.160 NA .014 3.695 12.1011981 .026 .013 .917 9.336 3.303 12.639 NA .124 13.719 2.944 .029 .060 .482 .781 1.264 NA .010 4.307 9.4121982 .019 .003 .950 7.418 3.360 10.777 NA .112 11.861 2.787 .025 .052 .500 1.231 1.732 NA .012 4.608 7.2531983 .032 .001 .940 7.079 3.568 10.647 NA .132 11.752 2.045 .016 .055 .348 1.217 1.565 NA .011 3.693 8.0591984 .032 .014 .847 7.302 4.131 11.433 NA .144 12.471 2.151 .026 .055 .384 1.161 1.545 NA .009 3.786 8.6851985 .049 .014 .952 6.814 3.796 10.609 NA .157 11.781 2.438 .028 .056 .432 1.225 1.657 NA .017 4.196 7.5841986 .055 .008 .748 9.002 4.199 13.201 NA .139 14.151 2.248 .025 .062 .326 1.344 1.670 NA .016 4.021 10.1301987 .044 .023 .992 10.067 4.095 14.162 NA .178 15.398 2.093 .014 .055 .319 1.311 1.630 NA .020 3.812 11.5861988 .053 .067 1.296 11.027 4.720 15.747 NA .133 17.296 2.499 .027 .075 .329 1.412 1.741 NA .024 4.366 12.9291989 .071 .057 1.387 12.596 4.565 17.162 NA .089 18.766 2.637 .027 .109 .300 1.536 1.836 NA .052 4.661 14.1051990 .067 .019 1.551 12.766 4.351 17.117 NA .063 18.817 2.772 .014 .087 .230 1.594 1.824 NA .055 4.752 14.0651991 .085 .029 1.798 12.553 3.794 16.348 NA .075 18.335 2.854 .020 .132 .246 1.882 2.128 NA .008 5.141 13.1941992 .095 .052 2.161 13.253 3.714 16.968 NA .096 19.372 2.682 .017 .220 .188 1.819 2.008 NA .010 4.937 14.4351993 .205 .053 2.397 14.749 3.760 18.510 .001 .107 21.273 1.962 .026 .142 .208 1.907 2.115 NA .012 4.258 17.0141994 .222 .083 2.682 15.340 3.904 19.243 .001 .160 22.390 1.879 .024 .164 .209 1.779 1.988 NA .007 4.061 18.3291995 .237 .095 2.901 15.669 3.211 18.881 .001 .146 22.260 2.318 .034 .156 .200 1.791 1.991 NA .012 4.511 17.7501996 .203 .063 3.002 16.341 3.943 20.284 .001 .148 23.702 2.368 .040 .155 .233 1.825 2.059 NA .011 4.633 19.0691997 .187 .078 3.063 17.876 3.864 21.740 (s) .147 25.215 2.193 .031 .159 .228 1.872 2.100 NA .031 4.514 20.7011998 .218 .095 3.225 18.916 3.992 22.908 (s) .135 26.581 2.092 .028 .161 .233 1.740 1.972 NA .047 4.299 22.2811999 .227 .080 3.664 18.935 4.198 23.133 (s) .147 27.252 1.525 .022 .164 .250 1.705 1.955 NA .049 3.715 23.5372000 .313 .094 3.869 19.783 4.749 24.531 (s) .166 28.973 1.528 .028 .245 .106 2.048 2.154 NA .051 4.006 24.9672001 .495 .063 4.068 20.348R5.051 25.398 .002 .131 30.157 1.265 .033 .377 .043 1.996R2.039 (s) .056R3.771 26.3862002 .422 .080 4.104 19.920R4.754R24.674 .002 .125R29.408 1.032 .020 .520 .019 2.023 2.042 (s) .054R3.669 25.7392003 .626 .068 4.042 21.060R5.159R26.219 .002 .104 31.061 1.117 .018 .686 .026 2.124R2.151 .001 .082 4.054 27.0072004 .682 .170 4.365 22.082 6.114R28.197 .013 .117R33.544 1.253 .033 .862 .057R2.151R2.208 .001 .078R4.434 29.1102005 .762 .088 4.450 22.091R7.157R29.248R.012R.150R34.709 1.273 .043 .735 .067R2.374R2.442 .001R.065R4.560 30.1492006 .906 .101 4.291 22.085R7.084R29.169R.066 .146R34.679 1.264 .040 .730 .052R2.699R2.751 .004 .083R4.872R29.8062007 .909 .061 4.723 21.914R6.868R28.781R.054 .175R34.703 1.507 .036 .830 .058R2.949R3.007 .035 .069R5.482R29.2212008 .855 .089 4.084 21.448R6.237R27.685R.084 .195R32.992 2.071 .049R.972 .061R3.739R3.800 .086R.083R7.060R25.9322009 .566 .009R3.845R19.699R5.383R25.082 .026R.178R29.706 1.515 .032R1.082 .093R4.147R4.240 .034 .062R6.965R22.7412010P.484 .030 3.830 20.030 5.260 25.290 .004 .154 29.792 2.101 .036 1.147 .088 4.721 4.809 .013 .066 8.173 21.6191Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.2Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,which began in 1977.3Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does notinclude biofuels.4Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.5Biodiesel only.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.Notes:•Includes trade between the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia) and itsterritories and possessions.•See "Primary Energy" in Glossary.•See Note 3, "Electricity Imports andExports," at end of Section 8.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary.Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6.Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators EstimatesEnergy Consumption, 1949-2010 Energy Expenditures, 1970-2009 Energy Consumption per Real Dollar2 ofGross Domestic Product, 1949-2010Energy Consumption per Person, Energy Expenditures per Person, Energy Expenditures as Share of1949-2010 1970-2009 Gross Domestic Product, 1970-200912 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101970 1980 1990 200005001,0001,500

Billion Nominal Dollars11950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010020406080100120

Quadrillion Btu1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201005101520

Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators,See Appendix D1.Source: Table 1.5.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100100200300400500

Million Btu1970 1980 1990 200001,0002,0003,0004,0005,000

Nominal Dollars11970 1980 1990 2000051015

PercentU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 13**T able 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Energy** **Consumption Energy** **Consumption per Person** **Energy Expenditures** 1**Energy Expenditures** 1**per Person Gross** **Domestic Product (GDP)** **Energy Expenditures** 1**as Share of GDP Gross** **Domestic Product (GDP)** **Energy Consumption per** **Real Dollar of GDP Greenhouse Gas** **Emissions**2**per Real Dollar of GDP** **Carbon Dioxide Emissions** 3**per Real Dollar of GDP** QuadrillionBtuMillionBtuMillionNominalDollars4NominalDollars4BillionNominalDollars4PercentBillionChained(2005) Dollars5Thousand Btuper Chained(2005) Dollar5Metric Tons CarbonDioxide Equivalentper Million Chained(2005) Dollars5Metric TonsCarbon Dioxideper Million Chained(2005) Dollars51949 31.982 214 NA NA 267.2 NA 1,844.7 17.34 NA 1,1961950 34.616 227 NA NA 293.7 NA 2,006.0 17.26 NA 1,1871955 40.208 242 NA NA 414.7 NA 2,500.3 16.08 NA 1,0741960R45.086 250 NA NA 526.4 NA 2,830.9 15.93 NA 1,0291965R54.015 278 NA NA 719.1 NA 3,610.1 14.96 NA 9591970R67.838 331R82,860 404 1,038.3 8.0 4,269.9 15.89 NA 9981975R71.965 333R171,773R795 1,637.7 10.5 4,879.5R14.75 NA 9091976R75.975R348R193,821 889 1,824.6 10.6 5,141.3 14.78 NA 9151977R77.961 354R220,372 1,001 2,030.1 10.9 5,377.7 14.50 NA 9011978R79.950 359R239,152R1,074 2,293.8 10.4 5,677.6R14.08 NA 8621979R80.859 359R297,459 1,322 2,562.2 11.6 5,855.0R13.81 NA 8481980R78.067 344R374,244 1,647 2,788.1 13.4 5,839.0R13.37R1,011 8171981R76.106 332R427,775R1,864 3,126.8 13.7 5,987.2R12.71R969 7751982R73.099 316R426,328R1,840 3,253.2 13.1 5,870.9R12.45R940 7511983R72.971 312R417,291 1,785 3,534.6 11.8 6,136.2R11.89R891 7141984R76.632 325R435,034 1,845 3,930.9 11.1 6,577.1R11.65R876 7011985R76.392 321R438,176 1,842 4,217.5 10.4 6,849.3R11.15R843 6721986R76.647R319R383,386 1,597 4,460.1 8.6 7,086.5R10.82R813 6501987R79.054R326R396,454R1,636 4,736.4 8.4 7,313.3R10.81R812 6511988R82.709R338R410,380R1,678 5,100.4 8.0 7,613.9R10.86R810 6541989R84.786 344R437,521 1,773 5,482.1 8.0 7,885.9R10.75R793 6431990R84.485R338R472,444 1,893 5,800.5 8.1 8,033.9R10.52R763R6271991R84.438 334R470,435 1,860 5,992.1 7.9 8,015.1R10.53R759R6231992R85.783R334R475,438R1,853 6,342.3 7.5 8,287.1R10.35R749R6151993R87.424R336R490,999R1,889 6,667.4 7.4 8,523.4R10.26R738R6081994R89.091 339R504,073 1,916 7,085.2 7.1 8,870.7R10.04R720R5931995R91.029 342R513,947 1,930 7,414.7 6.9 9,093.7R10.01R708R5841996R94.022R349R559,890R2,078 7,838.5 7.1 9,433.9R9.97R703R5831997R94.602R347R566,714 2,079 8,332.4 6.8 9,854.3R9.60R677R5661998R95.018R344R525,515R1,905 8,793.5 6.0 10,283.5R9.24R652R5471999R96.652R346R556,392 1,994 9,353.5 5.9 10,779.8R8.97R626R5272000R98.815R350R685,922R2,431 9,951.5 6.9 11,226.0R8.80R618R5232001R96.168R337R694,484 2,436 10,286.2 6.8 11,347.2R8.48R600R5082002R97.693 340R662,246R2,301 10,642.3 6.2 11,553.0R8.46R596R5032003R97.978 338R754,708R2,600 11,142.1 6.8 11,840.7R8.27R586R4952004R100.148 342R870,956R2,973 11,867.8 7.3 12,263.8R8.17R577R4872005R100.277R339R1,046,843R3,541 12,638.4 8.3 12,638.4R7.93R563R4742006R99.624 334R1,159,485R3,885 13,398.9R8.7 12,976.2R7.68R542R4562007R101.363R336R1,234,240R4,095R14,061.8 8.8R13,228.9 7.66R541R4552008R99.268R326R1,408,685R4,631R14,369.1R9.8R13,228.8R7.50R528R4412009R94.475 308R1,061,252R3,461R14,119.0R7.5R12,880.6R7.33R510R4212010P98.003 317 NA NA 14,660.4 NA 13,248.2 7.40 NA 4251Expenditures include taxes where data are available.2Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 11.1.3Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 11.24See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.5See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary.Sources:**Energy Consumption:**Table 1.3.**Energy Expenditures:**Table 3.5.**Gross Domest ic** **Product:**Table D1.**Population Data:**Table D1.**Greenhouse Gas Emissions:**Table 11.1.**Carbo n** **Dioxide Emissions:**Table 11.2.**Other Columns:**Calculated by U.S. Energy Information Administration.Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Person, 2009ConsumptionConsumption per Person14 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010TXCAFLNYILPAOHLAGAMIINNCNJVATNWAALKYMOMNWISCOKAZCOMDMAIAMSKSORARCTNEUTWVNVNMAKWYIDME NDMTSDNHHIDERIDCVT1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51024681012

Quadrillion BtuWYAKLANDIATXSDKYNEMTINALOKWVMSKSARSCMNTNNMIDMEOHWIUSWADC MOVAGAILPACODEORNJNCUTMINVVTMDFLNHCTAZCAMAHIRINY1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 510.00.20.40.60.81.01.2

Billion BtuSource: Table 1.6.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 15**T able 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2009** **Rank Consumption** **Consumption per Person Expenditures** 1**Expenditures**1**per Person Prices** 1Trillion BtuMillion BtuMillion Dollars2Dollars2Dollars2per Million Btu1 Texas 11,297.4 Wyoming 955.8 Texas 115,217 Alaska 7,684 Hawaii 25.972 California 8,005.5 Alaska 907.5 California 104,712 Wyoming 7,155 District of Columbia 25.003 Florida 4,295.2 Louisiana 749.8 New York 56,400 North Dakota 5,537 Connecticut 23.664 New York 3,818.5 North Dakota 660.8 Florida 54,553 Louisiana 5,390 Massachusetts 22.005 Illinois 3,815.1 Iowa 471.5 Pennsylvania 43,319 Texas 4,651 New Hampshire 21.966 Pennsylvania 3,654.1 Texas 456.1 Ohio 40,900 Montana 4,358 Vermont 21.717 Ohio 3,633.7 South Dakota 443.8 Illinois 40,473 Iowa 4,355 Florida 21.048 Louisiana 3,366.3 Kentucky 435.2 New Jersey 33,333 Maine 4,300 Rhode Island 21.009 Georgia 2,949.3 Nebraska 422.9 Georgia 32,196 South Dakota 4,136 Maryland 20.8210 Michigan 2,696.6 Montana 422.4 Michigan 31,289 Delaware 4,065 Delaware 20.8011 Indiana 2,622.6 Indiana 408.7 North Carolina 29,011 Kentucky 4,053 New York 20.4312 North Carolina 2,545.4 Alabama 405.1 Virginia 26,739 Alabama 4,040 Nevada 19.7213 New Jersey 2,393.6 Oklahoma 404.4 Indiana 24,598 Vermont 4,026 Arizona 19.6614 Virginia 2,385.8 West Virginia 392.9 Louisiana 24,197 District of Columbia 3,940 New Jersey 18.8415 Tennessee 2,136.0 Mississippi 386.0 Tennessee 22,892 Oklahoma 3,930 California 18.4116 Washington 2,032.9 Kansas 384.9 Massachusetts 22,617 Nebraska 3,887 North Carolina 18.2517 Alabama 1,906.8 Arkansas 365.3 Washington 21,019 Mississippi 3,878 Alaska 18.2318 Kentucky 1,876.6 South Carolina 347.1 Maryland 20,200 Kansas 3,873 Pennsylvania 17.9119 Missouri 1,817.8 Minnesota 343.8 Missouri 19,933 West Virginia 3,849 Maine 17.6020 Minnesota 1,809.5 Tennessee 339.5 Wisconsin 19,373 New Jersey 3,834 Virginia 17.3721 Wisconsin 1,744.6 New Mexico 333.8 Alabama 19,020 Indiana 3,833 Oregon 17.3022 South Carolina 1,581.0 Idaho 329.5 Minnesota 18,287 Connecticut 3,798 New Mexico 17.1823 Oklahoma 1,490.6 Maine 327.1 Arizona 17,539 New Hampshire 3,706 Ohio 16.7824 Arizona 1,454.3 Ohio 315.1 Kentucky 17,477 Arkansas 3,655 Tennessee 16.7525 Colorado 1,452.2 Wisconsin 308.7 South Carolina 16,554 Tennessee 3,639 Michigan 16.6026 Maryland 1,429.3 Washington 304.7 Colorado 14,539 South Carolina 3,635 South Carolina 16.5527 Massachusetts 1,426.0 District of Columbia 304.0 Oklahoma 14,486 Hawaii 3,611 Washington 16.5328 Iowa 1,418.5 Missouri 303.9 Connecticut 13,349 Maryland 3,551 Missouri 16.5029 Mississippi 1,138.7 Virginia 303.4 Iowa 13,102 Ohio 3,547 Wisconsin 16.4930 Kansas 1,084.3 Georgia 300.5 Oregon 11,994 Minnesota 3,475 Mississippi 16.4931 Oregon 1,066.5 Illinois 295.9 Mississippi 11,441 Pennsylvania 3,437 Georgia 16.4832 Arkansas 1,054.8 Pennsylvania 290.0 Kansas 10,911 Massachusetts 3,431 Alabama 16.1833 Connecticut 788.4 Colorado 289.6 Arkansas 10,554 Wisconsin 3,428 Montana 15.8234 Nebraska 759.1 Delaware 288.1 Nevada 8,866 Virginia 3,401 West Virginia 15.8035 Utah 754.5 Oregon 279.0 Utah 7,357 Nevada 3,360 Kansas 15.7336 West Virginia 715.6 New Jersey 275.3 West Virginia 7,010 Missouri 3,332 Oklahoma 15.6937 Nevada 707.6 North Carolina 272.0 Nebraska 6,977 Georgia 3,281 Arkansas 15.5238 New Mexico 670.1 Utah 271.3 New Mexico 6,454 Rhode Island 3,242 Illinois 15.4939 Alaska 630.4 Michigan 270.9 Maine 5,658 New Mexico 3,215 Texas 15.3840 Wyoming 520.3 Nevada 268.2 Alaska 5,338 Idaho 3,172 Colorado 15.3141 Idaho 509.0 Vermont 254.5 New Hampshire 4,900 Washington 3,151 Minnesota 15.1442 Maine 430.5 Maryland 251.3 Idaho 4,899 Michigan 3,143 South Dakota 15.1243 North Dakota 426.8 Florida 232.0 Hawaii 4,652 Illinois 3,139 Idaho 15.1144 Montana 411.5 New Hampshire 229.2 Montana 4,245 Oregon 3,137 Kentucky 15.0445 South Dakota 359.9 Connecticut 224.3 Wyoming 3,895 North Carolina 3,100 Utah 14.8146 New Hampshire 303.0 Arizona 220.8 Delaware 3,594 Florida 2,947 Nebraska 14.6947 Hawaii 269.8 California 217.0 North Dakota 3,576 Colorado 2,899 Iowa 14.1148 Delaware 254.7 Massachusetts 216.3 Rhode Island 3,429 New York 2,889 Indiana 13.9049 Rhode Island 219.3 Hawaii 209.5 South Dakota 3,354 California 2,839 Wyoming 13.4350 District of Columbia 182.4 Rhode Island 207.4 Vermont 2,502 Arizona 2,662 North Dakota 11.9951 Vermont 158.1 New York 195.6 District of Columbia 2,364 Utah 2,646 Louisiana 11.78**United States**3,4**94,446.9 United States 308.0 United States**5**1,061,252 United States 3,461 United States 17.03**1Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available.2Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.3Includes -23.8 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.4The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:1) does not include biodiesel; and 2) is the sum of State values, which use State average heat contents toconvert physical units of coal and natural gas to Btu.5Includes -$42 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm.Sources:**Consumption:**U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), "State Energy Data 2009:Consumption" (June 2011), Tables C10 and C11.**Expenditures and Prices:**EIA, "State Energy Data2009: Prices and Expenditures" (June 2011), Table E15. "State Energy Data 2009" includes State-leveldata by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates are annual 1960 through 2009, andprice and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 through 2009.Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-201016 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010162(1963)October November December January February March April02004006008001,0001,200

Heating Degree-DaysRecord High Monthly Value (Year of Record)2009- 2010 Heating Season30-Year Monthly Normal1Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)260(1981)(1985)1Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.7.494(2000)577(1954)687(2006)683(1956)396(2001)449(1975)831(1960)367(1976)668(1976)1,188(1977)1,070(1989)958(1978)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 17**T able 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year January** **February March** **April May** **June July** **August September** **October November** **December Total** 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209 503 763 4,2341950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196 565 872 4,5361955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237 600 886 4,5211960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254 502 936 4,7241965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271 494 739 4,5491970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253 541 801 4,6641975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235 462 805 4,4721976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367 668 941 4,7261977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295 493 844 4,6051978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283 517 847 4,9581979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271 528 750 4,7811980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316 564 831 4,7071981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327 504 845 4,5121982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264 515 692 4,6191983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251 509 990 4,6271984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223 565 704 4,5141985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243 506 951 4,6421986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258 558 793 4,2951987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345 491 773 4,3341988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352 506 831 4,6531989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259 542 1,070 4,7261990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246 457 789 4,0161991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242 586 751 4,2001992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301 564 822 4,4411993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302 580 824 4,7001994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268 479 723 4,4831995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233 605 872 4,5311996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276 630 760 4,7131997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273 592 800 4,5421998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245 482 717 3,9511999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275 413 760 4,1692000 886 643 494 341 115 29 12 12 69 244 610 1,005 4,4602001 935 725 669 302 115 29 8 6 69 260 396 689 4,2032002 776 669 622 281 184 23 3 8 37 298 560 812 4,2732003 944 801 572 344 165 41 4 5 62 260 477 784 4,4592004 968 766 495 303 107 37 7 20 47 251 487 802 4,2902005 859 676 648 305 186 25 3 6 39 236 466 866 4,3152006 687 731 600 264 137 23 2 9 82 304 467 690 3,9962007 841 853 502 372 111 24 5 7 44 175 521 800 4,2552008 892 741 617 319 183 26 5 13 52 281 534 831 4,4942009 969 705 583 330 132 40 14 12 60 330 441 877 4,4932010P940 820 552 263 132 27 5 7 50 234 522 909 4,461Normal1917 732 593 345 159 39 9 15 77 282 539 817 4,5241Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.P=Preliminary.Notes:•This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii.•Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoorair temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65°F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40°F would report 25 heatingdegree-days.•Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and thenational average.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-1.Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-201018 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010April May June July August September October0100200300400

Cooling Degree-DaysRecord High Monthly Value (Year of Record)2010 Cooling Season30-Year Monthly Normal1Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)83(1963)118(1967)27(1976)268(1950)147(1991)228(1992)64(1976)161(1955)1Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.8.215(1998)(2005)13(1983)53(2002)(2006)388(2006)285(2010)366(2007)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 19**T able 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year January** **February March** **April May** **June July** **August September** **October November** **December Total** 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70 12 10 1,3181950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78 9 4 1,1101955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50 10 6 1,3441960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59 15 3 1,2061965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48 19 6 1,1531970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48 6 9 1,2421975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55 12 5 1,1721976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27 8 4 1,0291977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44 15 6 1,2851978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52 19 9 1,2261979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53 11 6 1,1131980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42 10 5 1,3131981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43 12 5 1,2091982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47 15 11 1,1361983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58 12 5 1,2601984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70 9 15 1,2141985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68 25 4 1,1941986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52 23 9 1,2491987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40 14 8 1,2691988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45 18 6 1,2831989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49 16 2 1,1561990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57 16 9 1,2601991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62 8 9 1,3311992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49 13 7 1,0401993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47 11 4 1,2181994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50 20 9 1,2201995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61 12 5 1,2931996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45 14 7 1,1801997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48 10 5 1,1561998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62 20 11 1,4101999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55 17 6 1,2972000 10 10 25 28 131 221 284 302 156 50 8 4 1,2292001 3 12 11 37 114 220 302 333 138 46 18 11 1,2452002 8 6 17 53 92 243 370 332 202 57 11 5 1,3962003 5 7 24 30 110 187 336 345 156 65 21 4 1,2902004 6 6 28 29 138 208 299 252 177 67 17 5 1,2322005 10 7 12 24 82 250 367 351 215 55 20 4 1,3972006 13 5 18 53 109 236 388 337 138 46 14 11 1,3682007 10 5 29 23 119 236 310 366 191 82 16 12 1,3992008 7 11 17 31 91 264 334 283 171 48 12 8 1,2772009 7 7 17 29 117 222 284 307 169 47 16 7 1,2292010P3 2 7 34 126 285 380 356 195 55 13 1 1,457Normal18 8 18 33 104 216 323 292 160 56 16 8 1,2421Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.P=Preliminary.Notes:•This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii.•Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoorair temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65°F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78°F would report 13 coolingdegree-days.•Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and thenational average.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-2.Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census DivisionU.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2010Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 201020 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days1Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.9.Atlantic30-Year Normal2: 4,524Low: 3,951 (1998)High: 4,958 (1978)England Atlantic Central Central CentralCentral5,9425,4556,2076,5843,2193,9942,5214,9543,1716,6125,9106,4986,7502,8533,6032,2865,2093,226New Middle East North West North South East South West South Mountain Pacific102,0004,0006,0008,000

Degree-Days30-Year Normal22010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 21**T able 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year New** **England Middle** **Atlantic East North** **Central West North** **Central South** **Atlantic East South** **Central West South** **Central Mountain** **Pacific**1**United States** 11949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483 3,729 4,2341950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930 3,355 4,5361955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517 3,723 4,5211960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328 3,309 4,7241965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318 3,378 4,5491970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436 3,257 4,6641975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693 3,623 4,4721976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303 3,115 4,7261977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060 3,135 4,6051978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370 3,168 4,9581979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564 3,202 4,7811980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052 2,986 4,7071981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671 2,841 4,5121982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544 3,449 4,6191983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359 3,073 4,6271984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592 3,149 4,5141985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676 3,441 4,6421986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870 2,807 4,2951987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153 3,013 4,3341988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148 2,975 4,6531989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173 3,061 4,7261990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146 3,148 4,0161991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259 3,109 4,2001992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054 2,763 4,4411993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514 3,052 4,7001994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002 3,155 4,4831995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953 2,784 4,5311996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011 2,860 4,7131997 6,661 5,809 6,617 6,761 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,188 2,754 4,5421998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059 3,255 3,9511999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768 3,158 4,1692000 6,489 5,774 6,284 6,456 2,959 3,548 2,194 4,881 3,012 4,4602001 6,055 5,323 5,824 6,184 2,641 3,312 2,187 4,895 3,136 4,2032002 6,099 5,372 6,122 6,465 2,671 3,420 2,307 5,018 3,132 4,2732003 6,851 6,090 6,528 6,539 2,891 3,503 2,230 4,605 2,918 4,4592004 6,612 5,749 6,199 6,290 2,748 3,289 2,088 4,844 2,925 4,2902005 6,551 5,804 6,241 6,202 2,844 3,402 2,051 4,759 2,959 4,3152006 5,809 5,050 5,712 5,799 2,535 3,239 1,863 4,778 3,116 3,9962007 6,501 5,623 6,096 6,374 2,584 3,213 2,156 4,830 3,113 4,2552008 6,395 5,643 6,696 7,112 2,782 3,641 2,178 5,114 3,186 4,4942009 6,646 5,799 6,540 6,837 2,879 3,588 2,212 5,016 3,150 4,4932010P5,942 5,455 6,207 6,584 3,219 3,994 2,521 4,954 3,171 4,461Normal26,612 5,910 6,498 6,750 2,853 3,603 2,286 5,209 3,226 4,5241Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.P=Preliminary.Notes:•Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days aredeviations below the mean daily temperature of 65°F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 40°F would report 25 heating degree-days.•Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figuresare aggregated into Census divisions and the national average.•See Appendix C for map of Censusdivisions.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-1.Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census DivisionU.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2010Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 201022 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201005001,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days1Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.10.30-Year Normal2: 1,242Low: 1,029 (1976)High: 1,457 (2010)6579979751,1232,2672,0042,7501,4506554416657319491,9821,5642,4771,308755New Middle East North West North South East South West South Mountain Pacific101,0002,0003,0004,000

Degree-Days30-Year Normal22010AtlanticEngland Atlantic Central Central CentralCentralU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 23**T able 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year New** **England Middle** **Atlantic East North** **Central West North** **Central South** **Atlantic East South** **Central West South** **Central Mountain** **Pacific**1**United States** 11949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198 593 1,3181950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120 597 1,1101955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124 560 1,3441960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308 770 1,2061965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961 542 1,1531970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163 689 1,2421975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031 547 1,1721976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058 620 1,0291977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256 715 1,2851978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174 738 1,2261979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164 770 1,1131980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202 658 1,3131981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331 876 1,2091982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121 619 1,1361983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174 776 1,2601984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190 956 1,2141985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210 737 1,1941986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188 664 1,2491987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196 706 1,2691988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320 729 1,2831989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330 685 1,1561990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294 827 1,2601991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182 672 1,3311992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206 905 1,0401993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113 708 1,2181994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436 801 1,2201995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234 754 1,2931996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381 856 1,1801997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335 921 1,1561998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271 732 1,4101999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242 635 1,2972000 317 542 658 1,023 1,929 1,736 2,787 1,488 756 1,2292001 519 722 744 1,028 1,891 1,535 2,565 1,498 794 1,2452002 570 863 933 1,087 2,209 1,808 2,545 1,543 739 1,3962003 522 685 645 946 2,007 1,494 2,522 1,639 941 1,2902004 402 670 604 752 2,037 1,549 2,485 1,376 823 1,2322005 642 990 960 1,094 2,081 1,696 2,636 1,457 728 1,3972006 528 778 752 1,079 2,037 1,670 2,776 1,586 916 1,3682007 484 788 900 1,135 2,212 1,927 2,488 1,663 811 1,3992008 497 745 698 847 1,987 1,560 2,494 1,504 868 1,2772009 362 587 547 720 2,025 1,497 2,570 1,504 884 1,2292010P657 997 975 1,123 2,267 2,004 2,750 1,450 655 1,457Normal2441 665 731 949 1,982 1,564 2,477 1,308 755 1,2421Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.P=Preliminary.Notes:•Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days aredeviations above the mean daily temperature of 65°F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 78°F would report 13 cooling degree-days.•Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures areaggregated into Census divisions and the national average.•See Appendix C for map of Censusdivisions.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-2.Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by AgencyTotal and U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Years U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Years1975-2010 1975-2010Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 201024 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101General Services Administration.2Health and Human Services.3National Aeronautics and Space Administration.4See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal yearwas October 1 through September 30, except in1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.Source: Table 1.11.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201004008001,2001,600

Trillion BtuTotalNon-DefenseNon-DefenseDefense1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201004008001,2001,600

Trillion BtuDefense42.232.130.218.815.810.310.18.36.85.737.8Postal Energy Veterans GSA1 Justice HHS2 NASA3 Interior Agriculture Transportation Other01020304050

Trillion Btu4Service AffairsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 25**T able 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Agriculture** **Defense Energy** **GSA**1**HHS**2**Interior Justice** **NASA**3**Postal Service** **Trans portation** **Veterans Affairs** **Other**4**Total**1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 27.1 10.5 1,565.01976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 25.0 11.2 1,383.41977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 25.9 11.9 1,398.51978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 26.8 12.4 1,360.91979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 25.7 12.3 1,375.41980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 24.8 12.3 1,371.21981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 24.0 11.1 1,424.21982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 24.2 11.6 1,451.41983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 24.1 10.8 1,431.81984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 24.6 10.7 1,482.51985 8.4 1,250.6 52.2 20.7 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 25.1 13.1 1,450.31986 6.8 1,222.8 46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 25.0 10.8 1,406.71987 7.3 1,280.5 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 24.9 11.9 1,466.31988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 26.3 15.8 1,360.31989 8.7 1,274.4 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 26.2 15.6 1,464.71990 9.6 1,241.7 43.5 17.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 24.9 17.5 1,438.01991 9.6 1,269.3 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 25.1 18.1 1,461.71992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 25.3 15.7 1,294.81993 9.3 1,048.8 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 25.7 16.2 1,246.81994 9.4 977.0 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 25.6 17.1 1,178.21995 9.0 926.0 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 25.4 17.9 1,129.31996 9.1 904.5 44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 26.8 18.5 1,108.51997 7.4 880.0 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 27.3 21.6 1,092.01998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 27.6 20.3 1,037.91999 7.8 810.7 27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 27.5 20.6 1,011.62000 7.4 779.1 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 27.0 21.0 993.82001 7.4 787.2 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 10.9 43.4 17.8 27.7 21.4 1,003.02002 7.2 837.5 30.7 17.5 8.0 8.2 17.7 10.7 41.6 18.3 27.7 19.8 1,044.82003 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 30.5 36.2 1,136.32004 7.0 960.7 31.4 18.3 8.8 8.7 17.5 9.9 50.5 5.2 29.9 39.2 1,187.02005 7.5 933.2 29.6 18.4 9.6 8.6 18.8 10.3 53.5 5.0 30.0 37.2 1,161.62006 6.8 843.7 32.9 18.2 9.3 8.1 23.5 10.2 51.8 4.6 29.3 33.2 1,071.52007 6.8 864.6 31.5 19.1 9.9 7.5 20.7 10.6 45.8 5.6 30.0 33.2 1,085.32008R6.5R893.0R31.5R18.8R10.5R7.9R18.9 10.2R47.0R6.4R28.9R36.6R1,116.22009 6.6R879.8 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 29.9 35.3R1,095.12010P6.8 889.6 32.1 18.8 10.3 8.3 15.8 10.1 42.2 5.7 30.2 37.8 1,107.71General Services Administration.2Health and Human Services.3National Aeronautics and Space Administration.4Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, TennesseeValley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Small Business Administration, Office of Personnel Management, CentralIntelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, U.S.Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service,Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National LaborRelations Board, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office ofSpecial Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginningin 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year2010 is October 2009 through September 2010).•Data in this table are developed using the followingconversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 millionBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel;motor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000Btu/pound.•Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, includingaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy usefor electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regulations/facility_reporting.html for relatedinformation.Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, FederalEnergy Management Program.Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010Total U.S. Government Energy ConsumptionBy Major Energy Source By Selected Petroleum Product26 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Jet Fuel1Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.2Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.Note: U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.Source: Table 1.12.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201002004006008001,0001,200

Trillion Btu1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100200400600800

Trillion Btu1.571.111975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20090.00.30.60.91.21.51.8

Quadrillion BtuElectricityNatural GasCoalPetroleumMotor Gasoline2Fuel Oil1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 27**T able 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Coal** **Natural Gas** 1**Petroleum Electricity** **Purchased Steam** **and Other**6**Total Aviation** **Gasoline Fuel Oil** 2**Jet Fuel LPG** 3**and Other**4**Motor Gasoline** 5**Total**1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 5.6 63.2 1,174.2 141.5 5.1 1,565.01976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 4.7 60.4 1,016.4 139.3 4.6 1,383.41977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 4.1 61.4 1,042.1 141.1 5.7 1,398.51978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 3.0 60.1 1,002.9 141.0 6.4 1,360.91979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 3.7 59.1 1,013.1 141.2 7.1 1,375.41980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 4.0 56.5 1,011.8 141.9 6.8 1,371.21981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 3.7 53.2 1,066.2 144.5 6.2 1,424.21982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 3.9 53.1 1,082.8 147.5 6.2 1,451.41983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 4.0 51.6 1,061.1 151.5 9.0 1,431.81984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 4.1 51.2 1,093.8 155.9 10.1 1,482.51985 64.8 149.9 1.9 292.6 705.7 4.0 50.4 1,054.6 167.2 13.9 1,450.31986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 3.9 45.3 1,032.4 155.8 13.7 1,406.71987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 4.0 43.1 1,069.9 169.9 13.9 1,466.31988 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 3.2 41.2 952.4 171.2 32.0 1,360.31989 48.7 152.4 .8 245.3 761.7 5.7 41.1 1,054.5 188.6 20.6 1,464.71990 44.3 159.4 .5 245.2 732.4 6.4 37.2 1,021.7 193.6 19.1 1,438.01991 45.9 154.1 .4 232.6 774.5 9.0 34.1 1,050.7 192.7 18.3 1,461.71992 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 11.4 35.6 876.8 192.5 22.5 1,294.81993 38.3 152.9 .7 187.0 612.4 9.3 34.5 843.9 193.1 18.6 1,246.81994 35.0 143.9 .6 198.5 550.7 10.9 29.5 790.2 190.9 18.2 1,178.21995 31.7 149.7 .3 178.5 522.3 11.4 31.9 744.4 185.3 18.2 1,129.31996 23.3 147.4 .2 170.6 513.0 21.7 27.6 733.2 184.5 20.1 1,108.51997 22.5 154.0 .3 180.1 475.7 17.2 39.0 712.2 184.0 19.2 1,092.01998 23.9 140.7 .2 174.6 445.5 9.4 43.1 672.8 181.8 18.8 1,037.91999 21.2 137.6 .1 162.2 444.7 2.9 41.1 650.9 180.4 21.5 1,011.62000 22.7 134.0 .2 171.4 403.1 4.3 43.9 622.9 194.0 20.2 993.82001 18.8 133.9 .2 177.0 415.2 7.9 42.5 642.9 188.8 18.6 1,003.02002 16.9 134.1 .2 165.7 472.9 6.0 41.3 686.1 189.1 18.5 1,044.82003 17.7 139.7 .3 189.8 517.9 6.6 45.7 760.3 196.1 22.5 1,136.32004 17.4 134.8 .2 259.8 508.2 6.0 43.5 817.8 195.4 21.6 1,187.02005 17.1 135.1 .4 239.8 492.2 9.0 48.2 789.6 195.9 23.9 1,161.62006 23.5 132.0 .6 207.8 442.6 4.7 47.8 703.5 194.9 17.7 1,071.52007 20.4 130.8 .4 211.4 461.1 5.6 46.0 724.5 193.2 16.4 1,085.32008R20.8R128.9R.4R181.4R524.3R4.6R48.1R758.8R193.6R14.1R1,116.22009 20.3 131.1 .3 169.0 505.6 13.6 48.7 737.2 189.3R17.3R1,095.12010P20.1 129.0 .4 156.8 535.8 4.8 50.3 748.1 192.2 18.4 1,107.71Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.2Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.3Liquefied petroleum gases.4Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.5Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.6"Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginningin 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year2010 is October 2009 through September 2010).•Data in this table are developed using the followingconversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 millionBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motorgasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000Btu/pound.•Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, includingaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy usefor electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regulations/facility_reporting.html for relatedinformation.Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal EnergyManagement Program.Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010By AgencyBy Source28 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 8.2Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.3Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.4Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.5Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.6Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other types offuel used in vehicles andequipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas, andbiodiesel.Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30.Source: Table 1.13.689102732659905613680101742558885713697101772863956313Petroleum1 Electricity Natural Gas2 Coal, Purchased Petroleum1 Electricity Natural Gas2 Coal, Purchased0200400600800

Trillion Btu200320092010All Other AgenciesDepartment of DefenseSteam, and Other3Steam, and Other3Steam, and Other3Petroleum6Gasoline5536157505748192129391,1085061694914737189131381,095518190467760196140401,136Jet Fuel Fuel Oil Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas2 Coal, Purchased Total02004006008001,0001,200

Trillion Btu200320092010Petroleum14U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 29**T able 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010** (Trillion Btu)**Resource and Fiscal Years** **Agriculture Defense** **Energy GSA** 1**HHS**2**Interior Justice** **NASA**3**Postal Service** **Trans portation** **Veterans Affairs** **Other**4**Total C** **oal**2003 ..................................... (s) 15.4 2.0 0.0 (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 17.72009 ..................................... 0.0 16.2 3.9 .0 .0 (s) .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 .0 20.32010P.................................. (s) 15.5 4.5 .0 .0 0.0 .0 .0 (s) .0 .1 .0 20.1**N atural Gas** 52003 ..................................... 1.4 76.6 7.0 7.6 3.7 1.3 8.6 2.9 10.4 .7 15.6 4.2 139.72009 ..................................... 1.2 74.2 6.3 6.9 6.3 1.2 7.6 2.8 5.1 .6 15.1 3.9 131.12010P.................................. 1.4 72.9 7.1 7.0 5.9 1.1 6.8 2.6 4.5 .3 14.9 4.3 129.0**P etroleum** 2003 ..................................... 3.3 697.1 3.0 .2 1.5 4.4 6.5 1.4 18.2 1.6 2.8 20.3 760.32009 ..................................... 3.2 679.7 2.6 .2 .9 4.1 3.4 1.0 19.6 1.1 2.1 19.3 737.22010P.................................. 3.2 688.8 2.8 .2 .8 3.8 3.4 1.2 19.4 1.5 2.1 20.8 748.1Aviation Gasoline2003 ..................................... (s) (s) (s) .0 .0 (s) .1 (s) .0 (s) .0 (s) .32009 ..................................... (s) .1 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) .0 (s) .0 (s) .32010P.................................. (s) .2 .0 .0 .0 (s) .1 (s) .0 (s) .0 (s) .4Fuel Oil62003 ..................................... .4 166.5 2.0 .1 .9 1.2 .4 .4 5.1 .3 1.9 10.7 189.82009 ..................................... .6 148.8 1.7 .1 .6 1.3 .3 .3 4.9 .2 1.1 9.0 169.02010P.................................. .6 138.2 1.6 .1 .6 1.3 .3 .3 4.6 .2 1.1 7.9 156.8Jet Fuel2003 ..................................... .0 509.9 (s) .0 .0 .1 1.5 .6 .0 .6 .0 5.2 517.92009 ..................................... .0 500.6 (s) .0 .0 .1 .1 .5 .0 .5 .0 3.9 505.62010P.................................. .0 529.0 .2 .0 .0 (s) .2 .8 .0 .5 .0 5.1 535.8LPG7and Other82003 ..................................... .7 4.2 .1 (s) .1 .7 (s) .1 .2 .1 (s) .3 6.62009 ..................................... .5 10.7 .3 (s) .1 .8 .1 .1 .3 (s) .1 .8 13.62010P.................................. .4 2.7 .4 (s) .1 .4 .1 .1 .3 (s) .1 .3 4.8Motor Gasoline92003 ..................................... 2.2 16.5 .9 .1 .5 2.4 4.5 .2 12.9 .7 .9 4.1 45.72009 ..................................... 2.1 19.4 .6 .1 .2 1.9 2.9 .1 14.4 .4 .9 5.6 48.72010P.................................. 2.2 18.6 .6 .1 .2 2.1 2.8 .1 14.5 .6 .9 7.5 50.3**E lectricity** 2003 ..................................... 2.6 101.1 18.0 10.0 3.6 2.4 7.0 5.8 21.7 3.2 10.2 10.5 196.12009 ..................................... 1.8 101.1 16.8 9.8 3.4 2.4 5.0 5.5 19.4 2.5 10.8 10.9 189.32010P.................................. 1.9 102.3 17.3 9.9 3.4 2.6 5.4 5.3 17.8 3.8 11.0 11.4 192.2**P urchased Steam and Other** 102003 ..................................... .3 12.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 .1 .7 .8 .7 (s) 1.7 1.2 22.52009 ..................................... .5R8.6 1.5 1.8 .2 .2 .6 .9 .1 .2 1.6 1.1R17.32010P.................................. .3 10.1 .5 1.8 .1 .8 .1 .9 .5 .1 2.0 1.3 18.4**T otal Energy** 2003 ..................................... 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 30.5 36.2 1,136.32009 ..................................... 6.6R879.8 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 29.9 35.3R1,095.12010P.................................. 6.8 889.6 32.1 18.8 10.3 8.3 15.8 10.1 42.2 5.7 30.2 37.8 1,107.71General Services Administration.2Health and Human Services.3National Aeronautics and Space Administration.4Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, TennesseeValley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (InternationalBroadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service, Court Services and OffenderSupervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National Labor Relations Board, Small BusinessAdministration, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office ofSpecial Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.5Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.6Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.7Liquefied petroleum gases.8Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.9Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.10Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion.Notes:•For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginningin 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year2010 is October 2009 through September 2010).•Data in this table are developed using the followingconversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 millionBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motorgasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000Btu/pound.•Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, includingaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy usefor electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regulations/facility_reporting.html for relatedinformation.Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal EnergyManagement Program.Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered LandsTotal, 1949-2010 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share ofU.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2010By Source, 1949-2010 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share ofU.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 201030 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Notes: • Data through 2000 are on a calendar-year basis; data for 2001-2010 are on a fiscalyear basis (October–September). • “FederallyAdministered Lands” include all classes of landowned by the Federal Government, including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, andpublic lands.Source: Table 1.14.2010: 29%1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100510152025

Quadrillion Btu1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100918273645

Percent2010: 171950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010024681012

Quadrillion Btu44201914Coal Natural Gas Crude Oil and Natural Gas01020304050

PercentLease CondensateNatural Gas Plant LiquidsPlant LiquidsCoalNatural GasCrude OilandLeaseCondensateU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 31**T able 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Crude Oil and Lease Condensate** **Natural Gas Plant Liquids**1**Natural Gas**2**Coal Fossil Fuels** MillionBarrels3QuadrillionBtuPercent ofU.S. TotalMillionBarrels3QuadrillionBtuPercent ofU.S. TotalTrillionCubic Feet3QuadrillionBtuPercent ofU.S. TotalMillionShort Tons3QuadrillionBtuPercent ofU.S. TotalQuadrillionBtuPercent ofU.S. Total**Calendar-Year Data**41949 95.2 0.55 5.2 4.4 0.02 2.8 0.15 0.15 2.8 9.5 0.24 2.0 0.96 3.31950 105.9 .61 5.4 4.4 .02 2.4 .14 .15 2.4 7.7 .19 1.4 .98 3.01955 159.5 .92 6.4 6.0 .03 2.1 .43 .45 4.8 5.9 .15 1.2 1.55 4.11960 277.3 1.61 10.8 11.6 .05 3.4 .95 .98 7.8 5.2 .13 1.2 2.77 6.91965 378.6 2.20 13.3 14.3 .06 3.2 1.56 1.61 10.2 8.2 .20 1.6 4.07 8.61970 605.6 3.51 17.2 40.6 .17 6.7 3.56 3.67 16.9 12.0 .29 2.0 7.64 12.91975 531.5 3.08 17.4 59.7 .24 10.0 4.57 4.67 23.8 43.6 1.00 6.7 8.99 16.41976 525.7 3.05 17.7 57.2 .23 9.7 4.81 4.91 25.2 86.4 1.98 12.6 10.16 18.61977 535.0 3.10 17.8 57.4 .23 9.7 4.94 5.04 25.8 74.8 1.69 10.7 10.06 18.31978 523.6 3.04 16.5 25.9 .10 4.5 5.60 5.71 29.3 79.2 1.76 11.8 10.61 19.31979 519.8 3.01 16.7 11.9 .05 2.1 5.93 6.05 30.1 84.9 1.91 10.9 11.02 19.01980 510.4 2.96 16.2 10.5 .04 1.8 5.85 6.01 30.2 92.9 2.08 11.2 11.09 18.81981 529.3 3.07 16.9 12.3 .05 2.1 6.15 6.31 32.1 138.8 3.10 16.8 12.53 21.41982 552.3 3.20 17.5 15.0 .06 2.7 5.97 6.14 33.5 130.0 2.89 15.5 12.29 21.41983 568.8 3.30 17.9 14.0 .05 2.5 5.17 5.33 32.1 124.3 2.74 15.9 11.43 21.01984 595.8 3.46 18.3 25.4 .10 4.3 5.88 6.07 33.7 136.3 3.00 15.2 12.62 21.41985 628.3 3.64 19.2 26.6 .10 4.5 5.24 5.41 31.8 184.6 4.04 20.9 13.19 22.91986 608.4 3.53 19.2 23.3 .09 4.1 4.87 5.01 30.3 189.7 4.16 21.3 12.79 22.61987 577.3 3.35 18.9 23.7 .09 4.1 5.56 5.73 33.4 195.2 4.28 21.2 13.45 23.51988 516.3 2.99 17.3 37.0 .14 6.2 5.45 5.61 31.9 225.4 4.92 23.7 13.67 23.61989 488.9 2.84 17.6 45.1 .17 8.0 5.32 5.49 30.7 236.3 5.14 24.1 13.64 23.71990 515.9 2.99 19.2 50.9 .19 8.9 6.55 6.74 36.8 280.6 6.12 27.2 16.05 27.41991 491.0 2.85 18.1 72.7 .28 12.0 5.99 6.17 33.8 285.1 6.18 28.5 15.47 26.71992 529.1 3.07 20.2 70.7 .27 11.4 6.25 6.43 35.0 266.7 5.78 26.6 15.55 27.01993 529.3 3.07 21.2 64.4 .24 10.2 6.56 6.74 36.3 285.7 6.12 30.0 16.17 29.01994 527.7 3.06 21.7 60.0 .23 9.5 6.78 6.97 36.0 321.4 6.88 30.9 17.14 29.51995 567.4 3.29 23.7 74.0 .28 11.5 6.78 6.96 36.4 376.9 8.04 36.2 18.56 32.31996 596.5 3.46 25.2 71.2 .27 10.6 7.31 7.50 38.8 354.5 7.56 33.0 18.79 32.21997 632.8 3.67 26.9 74.7 .28 11.3 7.43 7.62 39.3 362.6 7.72 33.0 19.29 32.819985606.353.52526.6560.35.2359.457.0657.27537.1 371.1 7.95 33.0518.97532.019996628.963.65629.3666.56.2569.967.2467.44638.4 414.5 8.73 37.4620.07634.82000 689.2 4.00 32.3 88.9 .33 12.7 7.14 7.32 37.2 440.2 9.27 40.7 20.92 36.5**Fiscal-Year Data**72001 676.5 3.92 32.0 93.0 0.35 14.0 6.98 7.17 35.7 425.4 8.87 38.1 20.31 34.92002 647.8 3.76 30.5 106.5 .40 15.2 6.78 6.96 35.4 507.8 10.51 45.7 21.63 37.620038422.682.45820.4 101.0 .38 16.0 6.01 6.17 31.5 446.7 9.18 41.3 18.18 32.42004 356.4 2.07 17.7 110.7 .41 16.8 7.38 7.58 39.4 551.1 11.27 49.7 21.32 38.12005 439.9 2.55 22.7 96.6 .36 14.8 6.70 6.88 36.6 431.0 8.78 37.8 18.57 33.42006 502.1 2.91 27.4 84.1 .31 13.7 4.96 5.10 27.4 466.2 9.47 40.1 17.80 32.32007 584.7 3.39 31.5 94.5 .35 14.7 5.73 5.90 30.1 467.5 9.51 40.4 19.15 34.02008 476.6 2.76 26.1 101.3 .38 15.2 4.96 5.09R24.7 506.1 10.24 43.3 18.48 32.22009 544.3 3.16R28.5 87.3 .32R13.0 6.60 6.77R32.1 490.6 9.83R43.7R20.07 35.12010 384.8 2.23 19.3 97.3 .36 13.5 4.24 4.35 20.1 476.4 9.59 44.2 16.53 28.71Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the naturalgas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, theroyalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included withnatural gas.2Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants andfractionators.3Data from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), arefor sales volumes.4Through 2000, data are on a calendar-year (January through December) basis. The only exception isin 1949-1974 with production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, which is on a fiscal-year (July throughJune) basis.5There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," NavalPetroleum Reserve No. 1.6There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 1999; beginning in 1999 Naval PetroleumReserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included.7Beginning in 2001, data are on a fiscal-year (October through September) basis; for example,fiscal-year 2006 data are for October 2005 through September 2006.8A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diverted to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.R=Revised.Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government,including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public lands.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.onrr.gov/.Sources:**Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10):**•1949-1980—U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),Federal and Indian Lands Oil and Gas Production, Royalty Income, and Related Statistics,andFederal andIndian Lands Coal, Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Mineral Production, Royalty Income, andRelated Statistics(June 1981); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil ShaleReserves (NPOSR), unpublished data; and USGS, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublisheddata.•1981-1983—DOI, Minerals Management Service (MMS),Mineral Revenues Report on Receiptsfrom Federal and Indian Leases,annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data; and USGS, NationalPetroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data.•1984-1998—DOI, MMS,Mineral Revenues Report onReceipts from Federal and Indian Leases,annual reports; and DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data.•1999and 2000—DOI, MMS.Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal and American Indian Leases,annual reports.•2001 forward—DOI, MMS, "2001-Forward MRM Statistical Information."**Btu Dat a:** Data in columns 2, 5, 8, and 11 are calculated by multiplying the physical data by approximate heatcontents for total U.S. production in Tables A2, A4, and A5. Data in column 13 are the sum of the other Btucolumns.**Percent of U.S. Total:**Percentages are calculated by dividing production on federallyadministered lands by total U.S. production, then multiplying by 100. Calendar-year values for total U.S.production are from Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1; fiscal-year values for total U.S. production are the sumofOctober-September values from theMonthly Energy Review(April 2011), Tables 3.1, 4.1, and 6.1.Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use EstimatesTotal, 1980-2010 As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2010By Fuel, 2010 By Petroleum Product, 201032 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Liquefied petroleum gases.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Note: See Note2, “Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels” at end of section.Source: Table 1.15.1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201002468

Quadrillion BtuNatural Gas1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100369

PercentTotalPetroleum ProductsCoal1.61.10.90.30.10.1(s)0.3LPG1 Petro- Asphalt Lubri- Pentanes Petro- Special Other20.00.61.21.8

Quadrillion Btu4.30.6(s)Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal012345

Quadrillion BtuandRoad OilPluscants leumCokeNaphthaschemicalFeedstocksU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 33**T able 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates, Selected Years, 1980-2010** **Year Petroleum Products** **Natural Gas** **Coal Total** **Percent of Total Energy** **Consumption Asphalt** **and Road Oil** **Liquefied Petroleum** **Gases Pentanes** **Plus Lubricants** **Petro chemical** **Feedstocks Petroleum** **Coke Special** **Naphthas Other** 1**Total**Physical Units21980 145 2303( ) 58 253 24 37 58 805 639 2.4 – – – –1985 156 265 13 53 144 15 30 41 718 500 1.1 – – – –1990 176 340 18 60 199R20 20 39R873R547 .6 – – – –1991 162 394 10 53 203R17 17 44R900 573 .6 – – – –1992 166 397 13 54 214R29 20 35R929 603 1.2 – – – –1993 174 389 60 55 216R13 20R35R962 618 .9 – – – –1994 176 437 56 58 224R13 15 35R1,015 673 .9 – – – –1995 178 450 66 57 215R12 13R33R1,025 668 .9 – – – –1996 177 470 69 55 217R15 14R33R1,050 681 .9 – – – –1997 184 473 65 58 250R6 14R34R1,085 706 .9 – – – –1998 190 494 44 61 252R25 20 39R1,126 762 .8 – – – –1999 200 520 57 62 238R36 28 37R1,177 752 .8 – – – –2000 192 479 51 61 243R16 19R38R1,099R724 .8 – – – –2001 189 445 44 56 214R29 15R39R1,031R626 .7 – – – –2002 187 465 37 55 229R24 20 38R1,055 657 .7 – – – –2003 184 441 37 51 247R20 15R36R1,031 611 .7 – – – –2004 196 453 37 52 287R36 10R34R1,106R607 .7 – – – –2005 199 428 33 51 266R31 12R34R1,054R629 .7 – – – –2006 185 440 23 42 265R35 13 41R1,044R627 .6 – – – –2007 180 449 30 52 242R33 15 40R1,041R665 .6 – – – –2008 152 421 25 48 210R37 16 41R951R642 .6 – – – –2009 130R455R21 43R185 29 9 41R914R605 .4 – – – –2010P132 474 23 48 195 12 5 43 932 626 .6 – – – –Quadrillion Btu1980 0.96 0.783( ) 0.35 1.43 0.14 0.19 0.34 4.19 0.65 0.08 4.92 6.31985 1.03 .90 .06 .32 .82 .09 .16 .24 3.63 .52 .03 4.18 5.51990 1.17 1.18 .08 .36 1.12R.12 .11 .23R4.38R.56 .02R4.96 5.91991 1.08 1.37 .04 .32 1.15R.11 .09 .26R4.42 .59 .02R5.03 6.01992 1.10 1.39 .06 .33 1.20R.17 .10R.21R4.57 .62 .04R5.23R6.11993 1.15 1.35 .28 .34 1.22R.08 .10 .20R4.72 .64 .03R5.38 6.21994 1.17 1.54 .26 .35 1.26R.08 .08 .20R4.95 .69 .03R5.67 6.41995 1.18 1.58 .30 .35 1.21R.08 .07 .20R4.96 .69 .03R5.68R6.21996 1.18 1.64 .32 .34 1.21R.09 .07 .20R5.04 .70 .03R5.77R6.11997 1.22 1.66 .30 .35 1.40R.04 .07R.20R5.24R.72 .03R6.00R6.31998 1.26 1.73 .20 .37 1.40R.15 .11 .23R5.46 .79 .03R6.27R6.61999 1.32 1.81 .26 .37 1.33R.22 .15R.22R5.68 .77 .03R6.48R6.72000 1.28 1.66 .24 .37 1.35R.10 .10R.22R5.30 .74 .03R6.07R6.12001 1.26 1.55 .20 .34 1.19R.17 .08R.23R5.02R.64 .02R5.68 5.92002 1.24 1.61 .17 .33 1.27R.15 .10 .22R5.10 .68 .02R5.80R5.92003 1.22 1.54 .17 .31 1.37R.12 .08R.21R5.02 .63 .02R5.68 5.82004 1.30 1.57 .17 .31 1.59R.22 .05R.20R5.42R.62 .02R6.07 6.12005 1.32 1.49 .15 .31 1.47R.19 .06R.20R5.19R.65 .02R5.86R5.82006 1.26 1.52 .11 .25 1.48R.21 .07 .24R5.14R.64 .02R5.81R5.82007 1.20 1.54 .14 .31 1.35R.20 .08 .24R5.06R.68 .02R5.76 5.72008 1.01 1.45 .12 .29 1.17R.23 .08 .24R4.59 .66 .02R5.27 5.32009 .87R1.54R.10 .26R1.03R.18R.05 .24R4.28R.62 .01R4.91R5.22010P.88 1.61 .11 .29 1.09 .07 .03 .25 4.33 .64 .02 4.99 5.11Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.2Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons.3Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – =Not applicable.Notes:•Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energyconsumption (see Table 1.3).•See Note 2, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section.•Becauseof changes in methodology, data series may be revised annually.•Estimates of nonfuel use in this tableare considered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which areconsidered transportation use.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1980.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:**Petroleum Products:**•1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports,Petroleum Statement, AnnualandSales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane in 1980.•1981 forward—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports, and unpublished data.**Natural Ga s:** •1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures,Hydrocarbon, Coal, and Coke MaterialsConsumed.•1981 forward—U.S. Department of Commerce.**Coal:**•1980 forward—EIA estimatesbased on the methodology underlying the nonfuel emissions calculations in EIA’sEmissions of GreenhouseGases in the United States 2008.**Percent of Total Energy Consumption:**Derived by dividing total bytotal consumption on Table 1.3.Energy OverviewNote 1.Noncombustible Renewable Energy.Noncombustible renewable energyis the sum of hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, and wind. In Table 1.3,total primary consumption of noncombustiblerenewable energy is reported as thesum of “Captured Energy” and the “Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence.”Captured energy represents the energy from noncombustible renewable resources that isactually "captured" for final use. It includes the electricity generated from noncombustible resources (i.e., net generation from Table 8.2a converted to Btu using the energyconversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh) and the direct consumption of noncombustiblerenewable energy. Direct consumption of noncombustible renewable energyincludes: solar thermal direct use energy, residential and commercial self-generatedphotovoltaic energy, geothermal energy from heat pumps, and direct use of geothermal energy.The adjustment for fossil-fuelequivalence represents the energy losses that wouldhave occurred if electricity from noncombustible renewable resources had beengenerated using the average fossil-fuelmix in a given year. The fossil-fuelequivalent value is determined by converting electricity generation to Btu using theaverage fossil-fuel heat rate from Table A6. The “Adjustment for Fossil FuelEquivalence” is then calculated as the difference between the fossil-fuel equivalentvalue of electricity generated and "captured" electricity generation.For more information, see Appendix F.Note 2. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels.Most fossil fuels consumed in the UnitedStates and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some areused directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofingand paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products thatare used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used invehicles and various industrial processes;petrochemical feedstocks are used tomake plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products; and natural gas is used tomake nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the chemical industry. For moreinformation, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States” (“Nonfuel Use of Energy Inputs” section inChapter 2), at http://www.eia.gov/environment/.34 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20102. Energy Consumption by SectorFigure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2010(Quadrillion Btu)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 371Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in“Renewable Energy."2Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.3Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.4Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.5Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.6Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-onlyplants.7Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is tosell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includes 0.1 quadrillion Btu of electricity netimports not shown under “Source.”Notes: Primary energy in the form that it isfirst accounted for in a statistical energy balance,before any transformation to secondary or tertiaryforms of energy (for example, coal is used togenerate electricity). • Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding.Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Review 2010, Tables 1.3,2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector OverviewTotal Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2010Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2010 Electric Power Sector, 1949-201038 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.Note: • See “Primary Energy Consumption” in Glossary. • Sum of components may notequal 100 percent due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010010203040

Quadrillion BtuIndustrialTransportationResidential23%Transportation28%Industrial31%Commercial19%ResidentialCommercialPetroleumCoalNuclear ElectricPowerNatural GasRenewableEnergy122.218.230.127.539.66.84.220.027.4Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric01020304050

Quadrillion BtuPrimary ConsumptionTotal ConsumptionPower1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100510152025

Quadrillion BtuFigure 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010Residential, By Major Source Commercial, By Major SourceIndustrial, By Major Source Transportation, By Major SourceU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 391 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity.2 Electricity retail sales.Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010024681012

Quadrillion BtuNatural GasNatural Gas1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010024681012

Quadrillion BtuNaturalGasElectricalLosses1ElectricalLosses1ElectricalLosses1Renewable EnergyRenewable EnergyCoalRenewableEnergyCoalPetroleumElectricity2PetroleumPetroleumElectricity2PetroleumRenewableEnergy1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010024681012

Quadrillion Btu1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010051015202530

Quadrillion BtuElectricity2Natural GasCoal40 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year End-Use Sectors** **Electric Power** **Sector**3,4**Balancing Item** 7**Total Primary** 8**Residential Commercial** 1**Industrial**2**Transportation Primary** 5**Total**6**Primary**5**Total**6**Primary**5**Total**6**Primary**5**Total**6**Primary**51949R4,460R5,599R2,669R3,669R12,633R14,724 7,880 7,990 4,339 (s) 31,9821950R4,829R5,989R2,834R3,893R13,890R16,241R8,383R8,492 4,679 (s) 34,6161955R5,608R7,278R2,561R3,895R16,103R19,485R9,474R9,550 6,461 (s) 40,2081960R6,651R9,039R2,723R4,609R16,996R20,842 10,560R10,596 8,158 (s)R45,0861965R7,279R10,639R3,177R5,845R20,148R25,098R12,399R12,432R11,012 (s)R54,0151970R8,322R13,766R4,237 8,346R22,964R29,628R16,062 16,098R16,253 (s)R67,8381975R7,990R14,813R4,059R9,492R21,434R29,413R18,210R18,245R20,270 1R71,9651976R8,391R15,410R4,371R10,063R22,665R31,393R19,067R19,101R21,473 8R75,9751977R8,194R15,662R4,258R10,208R23,165R32,263R19,786R19,822R22,551 7R77,9611978R8,260R16,132R4,309R10,512R23,244R32,688R20,583R20,617R23,553 2R79,9501979R7,919 15,813R4,366R10,648R24,192R33,925R20,437R20,472R23,943 2R80,8591980R7,439R15,753R4,105R10,578R22,595R32,039R19,659R19,697R24,269 -1R78,0671981R7,045R15,262R3,837R10,616R21,318R30,712R19,478R19,514R24,425 3R76,1061982R7,147R15,531R3,864R10,860R19,053R27,614R19,052R19,089R23,979 4R73,0991983R6,832R15,425R3,840R10,938R18,548R27,428R19,134R19,177R24,614 3R72,9711984R7,211R15,960R4,001R11,444R20,174R29,570R19,609R19,656R25,635 3R76,6321985R7,148R16,041R3,732R11,451R19,443R28,816R20,041R20,088R26,032 -4R76,3921986R6,906R15,975R3,693R11,606R19,078R28,274R20,740R20,789R26,227 3R76,6471987R6,923R16,263R3,774R11,946R19,953R29,379R21,419R21,469R26,988 -3R79,0541988R7,357R17,133R3,994R12,578R20,862R30,677R22,267R22,318R28,227 3R82,7091989R7,567R17,786R4,043R13,193R20,874R31,320R22,424R22,4784,R29,869 9R84,7861990R6,557R16,945R3,896R13,320R21,180R31,810R22,366R22,420R30,495 -9R84,4851991R6,747R17,420R3,945R13,500R20,824R31,399R22,065R22,118R30,856 1R84,4381992R6,950R17,356R3,991R13,441R21,756R32,571R22,363R22,415R30,723 (s)R85,7831993R7,146R18,218R3,973R13,820R21,753R32,629R22,715R22,768R31,847 -10R87,4241994R6,978R18,112R4,016R14,098R22,393R33,521R23,311R23,366R32,399 -6R89,0911995R6,936R18,519R4,101R14,690R22,719R33,971R23,791 23,846R33,479 3R91,0291996R7,466R19,504R4,273R15,172R23,410R34,904R24,383 24,437R34,485 4R94,0221997R7,033R18,965R4,295R15,681R23,686R35,200R24,695R24,750R34,886 6R94,6021998R6,413R18,955R4,005R15,968R23,177R34,843R25,201R25,256R36,225 -3R95,0181999R6,775R19,557R4,053R16,376R22,950R34,764 25,891R25,949R36,976 6R96,6522000R7,159R20,425R4,278R17,175R22,824R34,664R26,489 26,548R38,062 2R98,8152001R6,868R20,042R4,084R17,137R21,794R32,720R26,213 26,275R37,215 -6R96,1682002R6,931R20,810R4,144R17,358R21,813R32,676R26,784R26,845R38,016 5R97,6932003R7,211R21,110R4,283R17,343R21,503R32,532R26,920 26,994R38,062 -1R97,9782004R6,993R21,093R4,232R17,659R22,398R33,506R27,817 27,895R38,713 -6R100,1482005R6,909R21,626R4,051R17,856R21,407R32,442R28,272R28,353R39,638 (s)R100,2772006R6,178R20,698R3,746R17,710R21,521R32,386R28,751R28,830R39,428 (s)R99,6242007R6,633R21,565R3,931R18,264R21,395R32,419R29,031R29,119R40,377 -3R101,3632008R6,817R21,596R4,073R18,381R20,474R31,284R27,925R28,008R39,978 (s)R99,2682009R6,619R21,063R4,061R17,899R18,801R28,513R26,916R26,998R38,077R(s)R94,4752010P6,841 22,153 4,175 18,205 19,984 30,139 27,425 27,507 39,579 -2 98,0031Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercialelectricity-only plants.2Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-onlyplants.3Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.4Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.5See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.6Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricityretail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end ofsection.7A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use sectors equals the sumoftotal consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumption does not equal the sumof the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for natural gas and coal.8Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section8.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in 1949.Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b-2.1f.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 41**T able 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Primary Consumption** 1**Electricity Retail** **Sales**8**Electrical System** **Energy Losses** 9**Total Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy**2**Total Primary** **Coal Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Total Geothermal** 5**Solar/PV**6**Biomass**7**Total**1949 1,272 1,027R1,106R3,405 NA NA 1,055 1,055R4,460 228 911R5,5991950 1,261 1,240R1,322R3,824 NA NA 1,006 1,006R4,829 246 913R5,9891955 867 2,198R1,767R4,833 NA NA 775 775R5,608 438 1,232R7,2781960 585 3,212R2,227R6,024 NA NA 627 627R6,651 687 1,701R9,0391965 352 4,028R2,432R6,811 NA NA 468 468R7,279 993R2,367R10,6391970 209 4,987R2,725R7,922 NA NA 401 401R8,322 1,591R3,852R13,7661975 63 5,023R2,479R7,564 NA NA 425 425R7,990 2,007R4,817R14,8131976 59 5,147R2,703R7,910 NA NA 482 482R8,391 2,069R4,950R15,4101977 57 4,913R2,681R7,652 NA NA 542 542R8,194 2,202R5,267R15,6621978 49 4,981R2,607R7,638 NA NA 622 622R8,260 2,301R5,571R16,1321979 37 5,055R2,099R7,191 NA NA 728 728R7,919 2,330R5,564 15,8131980 31 4,825R1,734R6,589 NA NA 850 850R7,439 2,448R5,866R15,7531981 30 4,614R1,531R6,175 NA NA 870 870R7,045 2,464R5,752R15,2621982 32 4,711R1,434R6,177 NA NA 970 970R7,147 2,489R5,895R15,5311983 31 4,478R1,353R5,862 NA NA 970 970R6,832 2,562R6,031R15,4251984 40 4,661R1,531R6,231 NA NA 980 980R7,211 2,662R6,087R15,9601985 39 4,534R1,565R6,138 NA NA 1,010 1,010R7,148 2,709R6,184R16,0411986 40 4,405R1,541R5,986 NA NA 920 920R6,906 2,795R6,274R15,9751987 37 4,420R1,617R6,073 NA NA 850 850R6,923 2,902R6,438R16,2631988 37 4,735R1,675R6,447 NA NA 910 910R7,357 3,046R6,729R17,1331989 31 4,899R1,660R6,590 5R52 920R977R7,567 3,090R7,129R17,7861990 31 4,491R1,394R5,916 6 56 580 641R6,557 3,153R7,235R16,9451991 25 4,667R1,381R6,073 6R57 610R673R6,747 3,260R7,414R17,4201992 26 4,805R1,414R6,244 6R59 640 706R6,950 3,193R7,212R17,3561993 26 5,063R1,439R6,528 7R61 550 618R7,146 3,394R7,677R18,2181994 21 4,960R1,408R6,389 6R63 520R589R6,978 3,441R7,693R18,1121995 17 4,954R1,374R6,345 7R64 520 591R6,936 3,557R8,026R18,5191996 17 5,354R1,484R6,854 7 65 540 612R7,466 3,694R8,344R19,5041997 16 5,093R1,422R6,531 8R64 430R502R7,033 3,671R8,261R18,9651998 12 4,646R1,304R5,962 8R64 380 452R6,413 3,856R8,686R18,9551999 14 4,835R1,465R6,314 9R63 390R461R6,775 3,906R8,875R19,5572000 11 5,105R1,554R6,670 9R60 420R489R7,159 4,069R9,197R20,4252001 12 4,889R1,529R6,430 9R59 370R438R6,868 4,100R9,074R20,0422002 12 5,014R1,457R6,484 10R57 380R448R6,931 4,317R9,562R20,8102003 12 5,209R1,519R6,741 13R57 400R470R7,211 4,353R9,546R21,1102004 11 4,981R1,520R6,513 14R57 410R481R6,993 4,408R9,691R21,0932005 8 4,946R1,451R6,406 16R58 430R504R6,909 4,638R10,079R21,6262006 6 4,476R1,224R5,706 18R63 390R472R6,178 4,611R9,909R20,6982007 8 4,850R1,254R6,111 22R70 430R522R6,633 4,750R10,182R21,5652008 8R5,010R1,243R6,261 26R80 450R556R6,817 4,708R10,071R21,5962009R8R4,883R1,176R6,067 33R89 430R552R6,619R4,656R9,789R21,0632010P7 5,061 1,220 6,288 37 97 420 554 6,841 4,950 10,362 22,1531See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.2Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.3Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.4Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.5Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.6Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btuusing the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PVenergy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.7Wood and wood-derived fuels.8Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.9Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus theenergy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportiontoeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at endofsection.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in 1949.Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.42 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Primary Consumption** 1**Electricity Retail** **Sales**11**Electrical System** **Energy Losses** 12**Total Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy**2**Total Primary** **Coal Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4,5**Total Hydroelectric** **Power**6**Geothermal**7**Solar/PV**8**WInd**9**Biomass**10**Total**1949 1,554 360R735R2,649 NA NA NA NA 20 20R2,669 200 800R3,6691950 1,542 401R872R2,815 NA NA NA NA 19 19R2,834 225 834R3,8931955 801 651R1,095R2,547 NA NA NA NA 15 15R2,561 350 984R3,8951960 407 1,056R1,248R2,711 NA NA NA NA 12 12R2,723 543 1,344R4,6091965 265 1,490R1,413R3,168 NA NA NA NA 9 9R3,177 789 1,880R5,8451970 165 2,473R1,592R4,229 NA NA NA NA 8 8R4,237 1,201R2,908 8,3461975 147 2,558R1,346R4,051 NA NA NA NA 8 8R4,059 1,598R3,835R9,4921976 144 2,718R1,500R4,362 NA NA NA NA 9 9R4,371 1,678R4,014R10,0631977 148 2,548R1,552R4,248 NA NA NA NA 10 10R4,258 1,754R4,196R10,2081978 165 2,643R1,490R4,297 NA NA NA NA 12 12R4,309 1,813R4,390R10,5121979 149 2,836R1,367R4,352 NA NA NA NA 14 14R4,366 1,854R4,428R10,6481980 115 2,651R1,318R4,084 NA NA NA NA 21 21R4,105 1,906R4,567R10,5781981 137 2,557R1,122R3,816 NA NA NA NA 21 21R3,837 2,033R4,746R10,6161982 155 2,650R1,037R3,842 NA NA NA NA 22 22R3,864 2,077R4,919R10,8601983 162 2,486R1,170R3,818 NA NA NA NA 22 22R3,840 2,116R4,982R10,9381984 169 2,582R1,227R3,978 NA NA NA NA 22 22R4,001 2,264R5,179R11,4441985 137 2,488R1,083R3,708 NA NA NA NA 24 24R3,732 2,351R5,368R11,4511986 135 2,367R1,162R3,665 NA NA NA NA 27 27R3,693 2,439R5,475R11,6061987 125 2,489R1,131R3,745 NA NA NA NA 30 30R3,774 2,539R5,633R11,9461988 131 2,731R1,099R3,961 NA NA NA NA 33 33R3,994 2,675R5,909R12,5781989 115 2,785R1,041R3,941 1 3 – – 99 102R4,043 2,767R6,384R13,1931990 124 2,682R991R3,798 1 3 – – 94 98R3,896 2,860R6,564R13,3201991 116 2,795R935R3,846 1 3 – – 95 100R3,945 2,918R6,636R13,5001992 117 2,871R893R3,881 1 3 – – 105 109R3,991 2,900R6,550R13,4411993 117 2,923R819R3,859 1 3 – – 109 114R3,973 3,019R6,828R13,8201994 118 2,962R825R3,905 1 4 – – 106 112R4,016 3,116R6,966R14,0981995 117 3,096R769R3,982 1 5 – – 113 118R4,101 3,252R7,338R14,6901996 122 3,226R790R4,138 1 5 – – 129 135R4,273 3,344R7,555R15,1721997 129 3,285R743R4,157 1 6 – – 131 138R4,295 3,503R7,883R15,6811998 93 3,083R702R3,878 1 7 – – 118 127R4,005 3,678R8,285R15,9681999 103 3,115R707R3,925 1 7 – – 121 129R4,053 3,766R8,557R16,3762000 92 3,252R807R4,150 1 8 – – 119 128R4,278 3,956R8,942R17,1752001 97 3,097R790R3,984 1 8 – – 92 101R4,084 4,062R8,990R17,1372002 90 3,225R726R4,040 (s) 9 – – 95 104R4,144 4,110R9,104R17,3582003 82 3,261R827R4,170 1 11 – – 101 113R4,283 4,090R8,969R17,3432004 103 3,201R809R4,113 1 12 – – 105 118R4,232 4,198R9,229R17,6592005 97 3,073R761R3,932 1 14 – – 105 119R4,051 4,351R9,455R17,8562006 65 2,902R663R3,629 1 14 – – 102 117R3,746 4,435R9,529R17,7102007 70 3,094R649R3,814 1 14 – – 102 118R3,931 4,560R9,773R18,2642008 69R3,228R651R3,948 1 15 (s) – 109 125R4,073 4,558R9,749R18,3812009R63 3,187R682R3,932 1 17 (s) (s)R112R129R4,061R4,460R9,378R17,8992010P58 3,276 713 4,048 1 19 (s) (s) 108 127 4,175 4,536 9,495 18,2051See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.2Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.3Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.4Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.5Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass."6Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).7Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.8Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.9Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).10Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipalsolid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels); and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant).11Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.12Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus theenergy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportiontoeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at endofsection.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercialelectricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at endofSection 8.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in 1949.Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 43**T able 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Primary Consumption** 1**Electricity Retail** **Sales**10**Electrical System** **Energy Losses** 11**Total Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy**2**Total Primary** **Coal Coal Coke** **Net Imports Natural** **Gas**3**Petroleum**4,5**Total Hydroelectric** **Power**6**Geothermal**7**Solar/PV**8**Biomass**9**Total**1949 5,433 -7 3,188R3,475R12,090 76 NA NA 468 544R12,633 418 1,672R14,7241950 5,781 1 3,546R3,960R13,288 69 NA NA 532 602R13,890 500 1,852R16,2411955 5,620 -10 4,701R5,123R15,434 38 NA NA 631 669R16,103 887 2,495R19,4851960 4,543 -6 5,973R5,766R16,277 39 NA NA 680 719R16,996 1,107 2,739R20,8421965 5,127 -18 7,339R6,813R19,260 33 NA NA 855 888R20,148 1,463R3,487R25,0981970 4,656 -58 9,536R7,776R21,911 34 NA NA 1,019 1,053R22,964 1,948R4,716R29,6281975 3,667 14 8,532R8,127R20,339 32 NA NA 1,063 1,096R21,434 2,346R5,632R29,4131976 3,661 (s) 8,762R8,990R21,412 33 NA NA 1,220 1,253R22,665 2,573R6,155R31,3931977 3,454 15 8,635R9,747R21,851 33 NA NA 1,281 1,314R23,165 2,682R6,416R32,2631978 3,314 125 8,539R9,835R21,812 32 NA NA 1,400 1,432R23,244 2,761R6,683R32,6881979 3,593 63 8,549R10,548R22,753 34 NA NA 1,405 1,439R24,192 2,873R6,860R33,9251980 3,155 -35 8,333R9,509R20,962 33 NA NA 1,600 1,633R22,595 2,781R6,664R32,0391981 3,157 -16 8,185R8,265R19,590 33 NA NA 1,695 1,728R21,318 2,817R6,576R30,7121982 2,552 -22 7,068R7,772R17,370 33 NA NA 1,650 1,683R19,053 2,542R6,020R27,6141983 2,490 -16 6,776R7,390R16,640 33 NA NA 1,874 1,908R18,548 2,648R6,232R27,4281984 2,842 -11 7,405R7,987R18,222 33 NA NA 1,918 1,951R20,174 2,859R6,538R29,5701985 2,760 -13 7,032R7,714R17,492 33 NA NA 1,918 1,951R19,443 2,855R6,518R28,8161986 2,641 -17 6,646R7,860R17,130 33 NA NA 1,915 1,948R19,078 2,834R6,362R28,2741987 2,673 9 7,283R8,042R18,006 33 NA NA 1,914 1,947R19,953 2,928R6,497R29,3791988 2,828 40 7,655R8,317R18,840 33 NA NA 1,989 2,022R20,862 3,059R6,757R30,6771989 2,787 30 8,088R8,098R19,003 28 2 – 1,841 1,871R20,874 3,158R7,288R31,3201990 2,756 5 8,451R8,251R19,463 31 2 – 1,684 1,717R21,180 3,226R7,404R31,8101991 2,601 10 8,572R7,958R19,141 30 2 – 1,652 1,684R20,824 3,230R7,345R31,3991992 2,515 35 8,918R8,552R20,019 31 2 – 1,705 1,737R21,756 3,319R7,496R32,5711993 2,496 27 9,070R8,386R19,980 30 2 – 1,741 1,773R21,753 3,334R7,541R32,6291994 2,510 58 9,126R8,771R20,465 62 3 – 1,862 1,927R22,393 3,439R7,689R33,5211995 2,488 61 9,592R8,586R20,727 55 3 – 1,934 1,992R22,719 3,455R7,796R33,9711996 2,434 23 9,901R9,019R21,377 61 3 – 1,969 2,033R23,410 3,527R7,968R34,9041997 2,395 46 9,933R9,255R21,629 58 3 – 1,996 2,057R23,686 3,542R7,972R35,2001998 2,335 67 9,763R9,082R21,248 55 3 – 1,872 1,929R23,177 3,587R8,079R34,8431999 2,227 58 9,375R9,356R21,016 49 4 – 1,882 1,934R22,950 3,611R8,203R34,7642000 2,256 65 9,500R9,075R20,896 42 4 – 1,881 1,928R22,824 3,631R8,208R34,6642001 2,192 29 8,676R9,178R20,075 33 5 – 1,681 1,719R21,794 3,400R7,526R32,7202002 2,019 61 8,845R9,168R20,093 39 5 – 1,676 1,720R21,813 3,379R7,484R32,6762003 2,041 51 8,488R9,197R19,777 43 3 – 1,679 1,726R21,503 3,454R7,575R32,5322004 2,047 138 8,536R9,825R20,545 33 4 – 1,817 1,853R22,398 3,473R7,635R33,5062005 1,954 44 7,903R9,633R19,534 32 4 – 1,837 1,873R21,407 3,477R7,557R32,4422006 1,914 61 7,846R9,770R19,591 29 4 – 1,897 1,930R21,521 3,451R7,415R32,3862007 1,865 25 8,090R9,451R19,431 16 5 – 1,944 1,964R21,395 3,507R7,517R32,4192008 1,796 41R8,074R8,511R18,422 17 5 – 2,031 2,053R20,474 3,444R7,365R31,2842009 1,396 -24R7,609R7,816R16,796 18 4 –R1,982R2,005R18,801R3,130R6,582R28,5132010P1,618 -6 8,110 8,013 17,735 16 4 (s) 2,229 2,249 19,984 3,283 6,872 30,1391See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.2Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.3Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.4Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.5Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass."6Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).7Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.8Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.9Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipalsolid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels); fuel ethanol (minus denaturant); and lossesand co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.10Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.11Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus theenergy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportiontoeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at endofsection.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than +0.5 trillion Btu andgreater than -0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrialelectricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at endofSection 8.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in 1949.Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.7, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.44 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Primary Consumption** 1**Electricity Retail** **Sales**7**Electrical System** **Energy Losses** 8**Total Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy**2**Total Primary** **Coal Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4,5**Total Biomass** 61949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 88 7,9901950 1,564 130 6,690R8,383 NAR8,383 23 86R8,4921955 421 254R8,799R9,474 NAR9,474 20 56R9,5501960 75 359R10,125 10,560 NA 10,560 10 26R10,5961965 16 517R11,866R12,399 NAR12,399 10 24R12,4321970 7 745 15,310R16,062 NAR16,062 11 26 16,0981975 1 595R17,615R18,210 NAR18,210 10 24R18,2451976 (s) 559R18,508R19,067 NAR19,067 10 24R19,1011977 (s) 543R19,243R19,786 NAR19,786 10 25R19,82219789( ) 539R20,044R20,583 NAR20,583 10 24R20,61719799( ) 612 19,825R20,437 NAR20,437 10 24R20,47219809( ) 650 19,009R19,659 NAR19,659 11 27R19,69719819( ) 658R18,813R19,471 7R19,478 11 25R19,51419829( ) 612R18,422R19,034 18R19,052 11 26R19,08919839( ) 505R18,595R19,100 34R19,134 13 30R19,17719849( ) 545R19,023R19,567 41R19,609 14 33R19,65619859( ) 519R19,472R19,992 50R20,041 14 32R20,08819869( ) 499R20,183R20,682 57R20,740 15 34R20,78919879( ) 535R20,817R21,353 66R21,419 16 35R21,46919889( ) 632R21,568R22,199 67R22,267 16 35R22,31819899( ) 649R21,707R22,356 68R22,424 16 38R22,47819909( ) 680R21,626R22,306 60R22,366 16 37R22,42019919( ) 620R21,374R21,995 70R22,065 16 37R22,11819929( ) 608R21,675R22,283 80R22,363 16R36R22,41519939( ) 645R21,977R22,621 94R22,715 16 37R22,76819949( ) 709R22,497R23,206 105R23,311 17 38R23,36619959( ) 724R22,955R23,679R112R23,791 17R38 23,84619969( ) 737R23,565R24,302 81R24,383 17 38 24,43719979( ) 780R23,813R24,593 102R24,695 17 38R24,75019989( ) 666R24,422R25,088 113R25,201 17 38R25,25619999( ) 675R25,098R25,774 118 25,891 17 40R25,94920009( ) 672R25,682R26,354 135R26,489 18 42 26,54820019( ) 658 25,412 26,070 142R26,213 20 43 26,27520029( ) 702R25,913 26,614 170R26,784 19 42R26,84520039( ) 627R26,063R26,690 230R26,920 23 51 26,99420049( ) 602R26,925R27,527 290R27,817 25R54 27,89520059( ) 624R27,309R27,933 339R28,272 26 56R28,35320069( ) 625R27,651R28,276 475R28,751 25 54R28,83020079( ) 665R27,763R28,429R602R29,031 28 60R29,11920089( )R692R26,407R27,099R826R27,925 26R56R28,00820099( )R643R25,339R25,982R934R26,916R27 56R26,9982010P9( ) 682 25,646 26,327 1,098 27,425 26 55 27,5071See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.2Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.3Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels—see Note 1, "Supplemental GaseousFuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily incompressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuel—see Table 6.5.4Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.5Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass."6Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.7Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.8Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus theenergy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportiontoeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at endofsection.9Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrialsector consumption.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in 1949.Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 45**T able 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Primary Consumption** 1**Fossil Fuels Nuclear** **Electric Power** 5**Renewable Energy**2**Electricity Net** **Imports**11**Total Primary** **Coal Natural** **Gas**3**Petroleum**4**Total Hydroelectric** **Power**6**Geothermal**7**Solar/PV**8**Wind**9**Biomass**10**Total**1949 1,995 569 415 2,979 0 1,349 NA NA NA 6 1,355 5 4,3391950 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 NA NA NA 5 1,351 6 4,6791955 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 NA NA NA 3 1,325 14 6,4611960 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569R(s) NA NA 2 1,571 15 8,1581965 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026R2 NA NA 3R2,031 (s)R11,0121970 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600R6 NA NA 4R2,609 7R16,2531975 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122R34 NA NA 2R3,158 21R20,2701976 9,720 3,152 3,477 16,349 2,111 2,943R38 NA NA 3R2,983 29R21,4731977 10,262 3,284 3,901 17,446 2,702 2,301R37 NA NA 5R2,343 59R22,5511978 10,238 3,297 3,987 17,522 3,024 2,905R31 NA NA 3R2,940 67R23,5531979 11,260 3,613 3,283 18,156 2,776 2,897R40 NA NA 5R2,942 69R23,9431980 12,123 3,778 2,634 18,534 2,739 2,867R53 NA NA 5R2,925 71R24,2691981 12,583 3,730 2,202 18,516 3,008 2,725R59 NA NA 4R2,788 113R24,4251982 12,582 3,312 1,568 17,462 3,131 3,233R51 NA NA 3R3,286 100R23,9791983 13,213 2,972 1,544 17,729 3,203 3,494R64 NA (s) 4R3,562 121R24,6141984 14,019 3,199 1,286 18,504 3,553 3,353R81 (s) (s) 9R3,443 135R25,6351985 14,542 3,135 1,090 18,767 4,076 2,937R97 (s) (s) 14R3,049 140R26,0321986 14,444 2,670 1,452 18,566 4,380 3,038R108 (s) (s) 12R3,158 122R26,2271987 15,173 2,916 1,257 19,346 4,754 2,602R112 (s) (s) 15R2,729 158R26,9881988 15,850 2,693 1,563 20,106 5,587 2,302R106 (s) (s) 17R2,425 108R28,22719891216,137 3,173 1,703 21,013 5,602 2,808R152 3 22 232R3,217 37R29,8691990 16,261 3,309 1,289 20,859 6,104 3,014R161 4 29 317R3,524 8R30,4951991 16,250 3,377 1,198 20,825 6,422 2,985R167 5 31 354R3,542 67R30,8561992 16,466 3,512 991 20,968 6,479 2,586R167 4 30 402R3,189 87R30,7231993 17,196 3,538 1,124 21,857 6,410 2,861R173 5 31 415R3,484 95R31,8471994 17,261 3,977 1,059 22,297 6,694 2,620R160 5 36 434R3,255 153R32,3991995 17,466 4,302 755 22,523 7,075 3,149R138 5 33 422R3,747 134R33,4791996 18,429 3,862 817 23,109 7,087 3,528R148 5 33 438R4,153 137R34,4851997 18,905 4,126 927 23,957 6,597 3,581R150 5 34 446R4,216 116R34,8861998 19,216 4,675 1,306 25,197 7,068 3,241R151 5 31 444R3,872 88R36,2251999 19,279 4,902 1,211 25,393 7,610 3,218R152 5 46 453R3,874 99R36,9762000 20,220 5,293 1,144 26,658 7,862 2,768R144 5 57 453R3,427 115R38,0622001 19,614 5,458 1,277 26,348 8,029 2,209R142 6 70 337R2,763 75R37,2152002 19,783 5,767 961 26,511 8,145 2,650R147 6 105 380R3,288 72R38,0162003 20,185 5,246 1,205 26,636 7,959 2,781R148 5 115 397R3,445 22R38,0622004 20,305 5,595 1,212 27,112 8,222 2,656R148 6 142 388R3,340 39R38,7132005 20,737 6,015 1,235 27,986 8,161 2,670R147 6 178 406R3,406R85R39,6382006 20,462 6,375 648 27,485 8,215 2,839R145 5 264 412R3,665 63R39,4282007 20,808 7,005 657 28,470 8,455 2,430R145 6 341 423R3,345 107R40,3772008 20,513 6,829 468 27,810 8,427 2,494R146 9 546 435R3,630 112R39,9782009R18,225R7,022 390R25,638R8,356R2,650R146R9R721R441R3,967R116R38,0772010P19,133 7,517 378 27,028 8,441 2,492 153 13 924 440 4,022 88 39,5791See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.2See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.3Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.4See Table 5.14c for series components.5Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6).6Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).7Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuelsheat rate—see Table A6).9Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).10Wood and wood-derived fuels; and municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludgewaste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).11Net imports equal imports minus exports.12Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output.•The electricpower sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.•See Note3,"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8.•Totals may not equal sum of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in 1949.Sources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006By Energy SourceBy North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code646 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Liquefied petroleum gases.2Natural gas liquids.3See “Breeze” in Glossary.4Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.5Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.6See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries that correspond to the 3-digitNAICS codes.(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.2.5.92.92.41.40.30.30.18.4-0.6Natural Gas Net LPG1 and NGL2 Coal Residual Coal Coke Distillate Other Shipments-202468100-2

Quadrillion BtuFuel Oil4 5and Breeze3ElectricityFuel Oil1.20.10.20.1(s) (s)0.52.40.16.95.10.31.11.70.40.20.1 0.10.50.1 0.1311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 3390246810

Quadrillion BtuU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 47**T able 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006** (Trillion Btu )**NAICS**1**Code Manufacturing Group Coal** **Coal Coke and** **Breeze**2**Natural Gas Distillate** **Fuel Oil LPG** 3**and NGL** 4**Residual Fuel Oil** **Net Electricity** 5**Other**6**Shipments of Energy** **Sources**7**Total**8311 Food ................................................................................. 147 1 638 16 3 26 251 105 (s) 1,186312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 20 0 41 1 1 330 11 -0 107313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 32 0 65(s) (s) 2 66 12 -0 178314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 3 0 46 (s)1 Q 20 (s) -0 72315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0 0 7(s) (s) (s) 7 (s) -0 14316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 1 (s) (s) (s) 1 (s) -0 3321 Wood Products ................................................................. Q Q 87 214 4 91 228 -0 451322 Paper ................................................................................ 221 0 474 13 5 91 247 1,302 -0 2,354323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0 0 39 (s) 1(s) 45 (s) -0 85324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 102 1 849 33 29 58137 5,744 -89 6,864325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 182 3 1,746 8 2,304 87 517 707 -406 5,149326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... Q 0 128 3 59 182 (s) -0 337327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 320 11 460 30 53 147 138 -0 1,114331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 373 253 627 74 19 458 139 -145 1,736332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0 Q 240 2 5(s) 143 Q -0 396333 Machinery ......................................................................... 1 0 842 3 Q 111 2 -0 204334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0 0 45 1 (s)(s) 94 2 -0 142335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ (s) 0 42 Q 1 0 4421 -5 103336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 5 Q 249 3 57 195 13 -0 477337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 3 0 17 Q 1(s) 32 8 -0 61339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0 0 25 (s) 1 Q 33 Q -0 66— Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,433 272 5,911 143 2,376 314 2,851 8,443 -645 21,0981North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).2See "Breeze" in Glossary.3Liquefied petroleum gases.4Natural gas liquids.5"Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustiblerenewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.6Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such asasphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equalto 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which arenonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).7Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred toanother entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtracted from consumption.8The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases,natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, minus shipments of energy sources.(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the relativestandard error was greater than 50 percent.Notes:•Data are estimates for the first use of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or rawmaterial inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that was originally produced offsite or wasproduced onsite from input materials not classified as energy.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2006 Manufacturing EnergyConsumption Survey" and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 2006.Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006By Selected End Use1By Energy Source48 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).2Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.3Excludes coal coke and breeze.4Liquefied petroleum gases.5Natural gas liquids.(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.3.3.31.70.70.20.20.2(s)Process HeatingMachine DriveFacility HVAC2Process Cooling and RefrigerationElectrochemical ProcessesFacility LightingConventional Electricity Generation0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5Quadrillion Btu5.52.91.00.30.1 0.1Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal3 Residual Distillate LPG and01234567

Quadrillion BtuFuel Oil NGL5Fuel Oil4U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 49**T able 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006** **End-Use Category Net Electricity** 1**Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil** **LPG**2**and NGL**3**Natural Gas Coal** 4**Total**5Million KilowatthoursMillion BarrelsBillion Cubic FeetMillion Short Tons**I ndirect End Use** (Boiler Fuel) .........................................**12,109 21 4 2 2,059 25 – –**Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 12,109 11 3 2 1,2456 – –CHP6and/or Cogeneration Process .......................... – – 10 1 (s) 814 19 – –**D irect End Use** **All Process Uses**.........................................................**657,810 10 9 10 2,709 19 – –**Process Heating ........................................................ 101,516 9 3 8 2,41716 – –Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 60,381 (s) (s) (s) 31(s) – –Machine Drive ............................................................. 422,408 (s) 4 (s) 126 3 – –Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 60,323 – – – – – – – – – – – –Other Process Uses ................................................... 13,181 (s) 1 1 136(s) – –**All Non-Process Uses**.................................................**157,829 1 9 7 426 (s) – –**Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning7... 77,768 1 1 1 367 (s) – –Facility Lighting ........................................................... 58,013 – – – – – – – –– – – –Other Facility Support ................................................. 17,644 (s) (s) (s) 29 (s) – –Onsite Transportation ................................................. 2,197 – – 6 5 3– – – –Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 1 (s) 19 (s) – –Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 2,208 (s) 1 (s) 8(s) – –**E nd Use Not Reported** ...................................................**7,634 8 1 1 164 2 – – T** **otal**.................................................................................**835,382 40 22 21 5,357 46 – –**Trillion Btu**I ndirect End Use** (Boiler Fuel) .........................................**41 133 23 8 2,119 547 2,871**Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 41 71 17 8 1,281 129 1,547CHP6and/or Cogeneration Process ......................... – – 62 6 1 838 417 1,324**D irect End Use** **All Process Uses**.........................................................**2,244 62 52 39 2,788 412 5,597**Process Heating ........................................................ 346 59 19 32 2,487 3453,288Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 206 (s) 1 (s) 32 (s) 239Machine Drive ............................................................. 1,441 2 24 2 12956 1,654Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 206 – – – – – – – – – – 206Other Process Uses ................................................... 45 Q 8 5 14010 208**All Non-Process Uses**.................................................**539 6 50 27 438 6 1,066**Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning7... 265 4 4 5 378 2 658Facility Lighting ........................................................... 198 – – – – – – – –– – 198Other Facility Support ................................................. 60 1 (s) (s) 30(s) 91Onsite Transportation ................................................. 7 – – 35 20 3– – 65Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 4 (s) 19 326Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 8 (s) 6 1 8(s) 23**E nd Use Not Reported** ...................................................**26 49 4 5 168 52 304 T** **otal**.................................................................................**2,850 251 129 79 5,512 1,016 9,838**1"Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustiblerenewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Natural gas liquids.4Excludes coal coke and breeze.5Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).6Combined-heat-and-power plants.7Excludes steam and hot water.– – = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greaterthan 50 percent.Notes:•Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, andelectricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include thequantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to theestablishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified asenergy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells.•Allocations to end uses are made on thebasis of reasonable approximations by respondents.•Totals may not equal sum of components duetoindependent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zero, and the presence of estimates that arewithheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 percent.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2006 Manufacturing EnergyConsumption Survey."Figure 2.4 Household Energy ConsumptionConsumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption by All Households, by Census Region, 2005Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption per Household, by Census Region, 200550 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101For years not shown, there are no data available.Notes: • Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gases; data do not include wood. • Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shownthrough March of following year; data for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. • See Appendix C for map of Census regions.Source: Table 2.4.10.69.79.39.38.69.09.19.210.010.39.910.61978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005024681012

Quadrillion Btu2.522.913.251.87Northeast Midwest South West01234

Quadrillion Btu1381261141121021051019810410192951978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005050100150

Million Btu1221138077Northeast Midwest South West020406080100120140

Million BtuU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 51**T able 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005** (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)**Census Region**1**1978 1979** **1980 1981** **1982 1984** **1987 1990** **1993 1997** **2001 2005** **N ortheast** (total does not include wood) ..............**2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.30 2.38 2.38 2.16 2.52**Natural Gas ........................................................ 1.14 1.05 .94 1.01 .96 .93 1.03 1.03 1.11 1.03 .98 1.15Electricity2.......................................................... .39 .39 .41 .40 .37 .41 .44 .47 .47 .49 .53 .58Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 .93 .83 .93 .87 .78 .78 .84 .60 .72Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .02 .02 .03 .03 .05 .07Wood3................................................................ NA NA .26 .27 .24 .21 .17 .12 .14 .14 .10 .09Consumption per Household (million Btu)3....... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 122 121 107 122**M idwest** (total does not include wood) ................**3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.81 3.13 3.22 2.86 2.91**Natural Gas ........................................................ 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.88 2.07 2.20 1.84 1.72Electricity2.......................................................... .60 .59 .60 .56 .56 .55 .61 .66 .74 .75 .81 .94Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .46 .31 .17 .19 .16 .13 .16 .13 .13 .11 .06 .06Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .12 .10 .15 .13 .11 .13 .13 .13 .19 .17 .15 .18Wood3................................................................ NA NA .25 .25 .27 .27 .25 .17 .11 .08 .09 .13Consumption per Household (million Btu)3....... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 134 134 117 113**S outh** (total does not include wood) ....................**2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.60 2.95 3.01 3.21 3.25**Natural Gas ........................................................ .96 .91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.03 1.18 1.13 1.13 .94Electricity2.......................................................... 1.00 .97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.36 1.51 1.67 1.89 2.07Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .32 .28 .25 .14 .18 .16 .17 .11 .13 .10 .08 .07Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .15 .14 .14 .12 .12 .12 .12 .10 .13 .12 .12 .18Wood3................................................................ NA NA .23 .21 .33 .33 .26 .17 .17 .12 .09 .12Consumption per Household (million Btu)3....... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 88 84 83 80**W est** (total does not include wood) ......................**1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.51 1.55 1.63 1.63 1.87**Natural Gas ........................................................ .95 .88 .86 .90 .85 .91 .88 .92 .91 .93 .90 .98Electricity2.......................................................... .48 .47 .41 .46 .41 .47 .48 .54 .56 .64 .66 .76Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .09 .09 .04 .03 .03 .04 .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 .03Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .05 .03 .04 .04 .06 .10Wood3................................................................ NA NA .11 .13 .13 .17 .17 .12 .12 .10 .10 .09Consumption per Household (million Btu)3....... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 76 75 70 77**U nited States** (total does not include wood) ........**10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.22 10.01 10.25 9.86 10.55**Natural Gas ........................................................ 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.86 5.27 5.28 4.84 4.79Electricity2.......................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.03 3.28 3.54 3.89 4.35Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.04 1.07 1.07 .75 .88Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .33 .31 .35 .31 .29 .31 .32 .28 .38 .36 .38 .52Wood3................................................................ NA NA .85 .87 .97 .98 .85 .58 .55 .43 .37 .43Consumption per Household (million Btu)3....... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 104 101 92 951See Appendix C for map of Census regions.2Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.3Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.NA=Not available.Notes:•Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only.•For years not shown, there areno data available.•Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; datafor 1987 forward are for the calendar year.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/.Sources:•1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "ResidentialEnergy Consumption Survey."•1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy ConsumptionSurvey."Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and ExpendituresConsumption by Energy Source, 2005 Expenditures1, Selected Years, 1978-20052Consumption1by End Use, 2005 Consumption1for Space Heating, 200552 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Does not include wood, which is used for both space heating and ambiance.2For years not shown, there are no data available.3Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.4Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.5Liquefied petroleum gases.6Used for both space heating and ambiance.Source: Table 2.5.556376838797981101241361602011978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005050100150200250

Billion Dollars34.84.40.90.50.4Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil LPG Wood0246

Quadrillion Btu464.303.252.120.88Space Heating Appliances Water Heating Air0246

Quadrillion Btu52.950.750.280.32Natural Gas Fuel Oil Electricity LPG01234

Quadrillion Btu5Conditioning4U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 53**T able 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,** **Selected Years, 1978-2005 Year** **Space Heating**1**Air Conditioning** 2**Water Heating Appliances** 3,4**Total Natural** **Gas Elec** **tricity**5**Fuel Oil** 6**LPG**7**Electricity**5**Natural Gas** **Elec- tricity** 5**Fuel Oil** 6**LPG**7**Natural Gas** **Elec- tricity** 5**LPG**7**Natural Gas** 2**Elec- tricity** 5**Fuel Oil** 4,6**LPG**7**Wood**8**Consumption**(quadrillion Btu)1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 0.31 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.28 1.46 0.03 5.58 2.47 2.19 0.33 NA1979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.31 2.42 1.71 .31 NA1980 3.41 .27 1.30 .23 .36 1.15 .30 .22 .07 .36 1.54 .05 4.97 2.48 1.52 .35 .851981 3.69 .26 1.06 .21 .34 1.13 .30 .22 .06 .43 1.52 .05 5.27 2.42 1.28 .31 .871982 3.14 .25 1.04 .19 .31 1.15 .28 .15 .06 .43 1.50 .05 4.74 2.35 1.20 .29 .971984 3.51 .25 1.11 .21 .32 1.10 .32 .15 .06 .35 1.59 .04 4.98 2.48 1.26 .31 .981987 3.38 .28 1.05 .22 .44 1.10 .31 .17 .06 .34 1.72 .04 4.83 2.76 1.22 .32 .851990 3.37 .30 .93 .19 .48 1.16 .34 .11 .06 .33 1.91 .03 4.86 3.03 1.04 .28 .581993 3.67 .41 .95 .30 .46 1.31 .34 .12 .05 .29 2.08 .03 5.27 3.28 1.07 .38 .551997 3.61 .40 .91 .26 .42 1.29 .39 .16 .08 .37 2.33 .02 5.28 3.54 1.07 .36 .432001 3.32 .39 .62 .28 .62 1.15 .36 .13 .05 .37 2.52 .05 4.84 3.89 .75 .38 .372005 2.95 .28 .75 .32 .88 1.41 .42 .14 .15 .43 2.77 .05 4.79 4.35 .88 .52 .43**Expenditures**(billion dollars9)1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 3.97 2.88 3.15 0.56 0.36 0.93 19.24 0.25 15.30 29.89 8.62 1.66 NA1979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 17.84 32.56 10.73 2.06 NA1980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 .57 1.91 26.74 .44 19.77 40.81 12.24 2.80 NA1981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 .51 2.17 29.70 .52 24.03 44.80 11.39 2.81 NA1982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 .54 2.58 31.29 .52 26.96 46.74 10.07 2.75 NA1984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 .58 2.31 36.36 .54 29.78 54.48 9.60 3.12 NA1987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 9.77 6.02 6.45 .94 .50 2.02 39.83 .46 26.15 61.58 7.21 2.81 NA1990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 11.23 6.59 7.21 .83 .65 2.03 46.95 .48 27.26 71.54 8.25 3.14 NA1993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 11.31 8.08 7.58 .74 .58 1.98 53.52 .42 32.04 81.08 6.98 3.81 NA1997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 .89 2.86 60.57 .36 35.81 88.33 7.61 4.04 NA2001 31.84 8.98 5.66 4.04 15.94 11.31 8.47 1.15 .69 3.83 66.94 .86 46.98 100.34 6.83 5.60 NA2005 31.97 7.42 10.99 6.35 25.26 15.57 11.13 2.00 3.28 4.80 80.92 1.37 52.37 124.74 12.99 11.00 NA1Wood used for space heating is included in "Total Wood."2A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Total Natural Gas."3Includes refrigerators.4A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under"Total."5Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu.6Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.7Liquefied petroleum gases.8Wood used for both space heating and ambiance.9Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.NA=Not available.Notes:•Data are estimates.•For years not shown, there are no data available.•Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/.Sources:•1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "ResidentialEnergy Consumption Survey."•1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy ConsumptionSurvey."Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and ElectronicsShare of Households With Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2009 Space Heating by Main Fuel, 2009Share of Households With Selected Electronics, 1997 and 2009 Air-Conditioning Equipment, 1980 and 200954 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Natural gas and electric.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Includes kerosene.4Coal, solar, other fuel, or no heating equipment.5Video Cassette Recorder.6Digital Video Recorder.7Not collected in 1997.Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Source: Table 2.6.7723308279599686143874613714One Two or More Separate Clothes Clothes Dishwasher Microwave020406080100

Percent198020091980 2009020406080100

PercentFreezerRefrigerators4Dryer1Washer Oven2133445143413532372988296One Two Three or More One Two or More020406080100

Percent19972009None43%None13%Window/WallUnit30%Window/WallUnit24%Computers50%35%5%6%2%1%Natural GasElectricityLPG2Distillate Fuel Oil3WoodOtherVCR5(7)TelevisionsCentralSystem27%DVR6CentralSystem63%U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 55**T able 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009** **Appliance Year** **Change 1978** **1979 1980** **1981 1982** **1984 1987** **1990 1993** **1997 2001** **2005 2009** **1980 to 2009 T** **otal Households (millions)**.......... 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 101 107 111 114 32Percent of Households**S pace Heating - Main Fuel** 1Natural Gas .................................... 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53 52 55 52 50 -5Electricity2...................................... 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26 29 29 30 35 17Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............ 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0Distillate Fuel Oil3.......................... 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 9 7 7 6 -9Wood .............................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3 2 2 3 2 -4Other4or No Equipment ................ 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 -1**A ir Conditioning - Equipment** Central System5............................ 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44 47 55 59 63 36Window/Wall Unit5......................... 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25 25 23 25 24 -6None ............................................... 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 28 23 16 13 -30**W ater Heating - Main Fuel** Natural Gas .................................... 55 55 54 55 56 54 54 53 53 52 54 53 51 -3Electricity2...................................... 33 33 32 33 32 33 35 37 38 39 38 39 41 9Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............ 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 0Distillate Fuel Oil3.......................... 8 7 9 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 -6Other or No Water Heating ............. 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0**A ppliances** Refrigerator6.................................. 100 NA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0One ............................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85 85 83 78 77 -9Two or More ................................. 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 15 17 22 23 9Separate Freezer ............................ 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35 33 32 32 30 -8Clothes Washer .............................. 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77 77 79 83 82 8Clothes Dryer .................................. 59 NA 61 61 60 62 66 69 70 71 74 79 79 18Natural Gas .................................. 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 14 15 16 17 15 1Electric .......................................... 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57 55 57 61 63 16Dishwasher ..................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45 50 53 58 59 22Range/Stove/Oven ......................... 99 NA 99 100 99 99 99 100 100 99 100 99 99 0Natural Gas .................................. 48 NA 46 46 47 46 43 42 33 35 35 35 34 -12Electric .......................................... 53 NA 57 56 56 57 60 59 63 62 62 62 60 3Microwave Oven ............................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84 83 86 88 96 82**E lectronics** Television ....................................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 99 1One ............................................... NA NA 47 51 49 46 40 35 34 32 27 21 21 -26Two ............................................... NA NA 38 34 35 34 35 36 36 37 36 35 33 -5Three or More ............................... NA NA 14 14 15 18 23 28 28 29 36 43 44 30Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) .... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 88790 80 51 NADigital Video Recorder (DVR) ......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 43 NAComputer ........................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 56 68 76 NAOne ............................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29 42 45 41 NATwo or More ................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 15 23 35 NAPrinter ............................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 12 49 59 60 NA1Includes households that have but do not use space heating equipment.2Retail (delivered) electricity.3Includes kerosene.4Coal, solar, or other fuels.5Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "CentralSystem." Includes households that have but do not use air conditioning equipment.6Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.7The 2001 "Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS)" only had one question for VCRs andDVD players.NA=Not available.Notes:•Data are estimates.•For years not shown, there are no data available.•Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/.Sources:•1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "RECS."•1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "RECS."Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009By Fuel TypeBy Fuel Type, Share of Total56 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Includes coal coke.4Kerosene, solar, and other.(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 2.7.5738862(s)111(s)914142Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 Other and None0204060

Million Occupied Housing Units119502009445134752(s)126122210345Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 Other and None0204060

Percent19502009U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 57**T able 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009** **Year Coal** 1**Distillate Fuel Oil** **Kerosene Liquefied** **Petroleum Gases** **Natural Gas** **Electricity Wood** **Solar Other** 2**None**3**Total**Million Occupied Housing Units1950 14.48 9.464( ) 0.98 11.12 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 1.57 42.831960 6.46 17.164( ) 2.69 22.85 .93 2.24 NA .22 .48 53.021970 1.82 16.474( ) 3.81 35.01 4.88 .79 NA .27 .40 63.451973 .80 17.244( ) 4.42 38.46 7.21 .60 NA .15 .45 69.341975 .57 16.304( ) 4.15 40.93 9.17 .85 NA .08 .47 72.521977 .45 15.62 .44 4.18 41.54 11.15 1.24 NA .15 .51 75.281979 .36 15.30 .41 4.13 43.32 13.24 1.14 NA .10 .57 78.571981 .36 14.13 .37 4.17 46.08 15.49 1.89 NA .10 .59 83.1819835.43 12.59 .45 3.87 46.70 15.68 4.09 NA .16 .68 84.641985 .45 12.44 1.06 3.58 45.33 18.36 6.25 .05 .37 .53 88.431987 .41 12.74 1.08 3.66 45.96 20.61 5.45 .05 .28 .66 90.891989 .34 12.47 1.07 3.66 47.40 23.06 4.59 .04 .40 .66 93.681991 .32 11.47 .99 3.88 47.02 23.71 4.44 .03 .41 .86 93.151993 .30 11.17 1.02 3.92 47.67 25.11 4.10 .03 .50 .91 94.731995 .21 10.98 1.06 4.25 49.20 26.77 3.53 .02 .64 1.04 97.691997 .18 10.10 .75 5.40 51.05 29.20 1.79 .03 .36 .62 99.491999 .17 10.03 .72 5.91 52.37 31.14 1.70 .02 .21 .54 102.8020016.13 9.81 .65 6.04 54.13 32.41 1.67 .02 .19 .39 105.442003 .13 9.50 .64 6.13 54.93 32.34 1.56 .02 .16 .44 105.842005 .10 9.38 .55 6.23 56.32 34.26 1.41 .02 .21 .40 108.872007 .09 8.74 .57 6.10 56.68 36.08 1.47 .02 .46 .48 110.692009 .10 8.21 .60 5.82 56.81 37.85 1.78 .01 .24 .38 111.81Percent1950 33.8 22.14( ) 2.3 26.0 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 3.7 100.01960 12.2 32.44( ) 5.1 43.1 1.8 4.2 NA .4 .9 100.01970 2.9 26.04( ) 6.0 55.2 7.7 1.3 NA .4 .6 100.01973 1.2 24.94( ) 6.4 55.5 10.4 .9 NA .2 .7 100.01975 .8 22.54( ) 5.7 56.4 12.6 1.2 NA .1 .6 100.01977 .6 20.7 .6 5.6 55.2 14.8 1.6 NA .2 .7 100.01979 .5 19.5 .5 5.3 55.1 16.9 1.4 NA .1 .7 100.01981 .4 17.0 .4 5.0 55.4 18.6 2.3 NA .1 .7 100.019835.5 14.9 .5 4.6 55.2 18.5 4.8 NA .2 .8 100.01985 .5 14.1 1.2 4.1 51.3 20.8 7.1 .1 .4 .6 100.01987 .4 14.0 1.2 4.0 50.6 22.7 6.0 .1 .3 .7 100.01989 .4 13.3 1.1 3.9 50.6 24.6 4.9 (s) .4 .7 100.01991 .3 12.3 1.1 4.2 50.5 25.5 4.8 (s) .4 .9 100.01993 .3 11.8 1.1 4.1 50.3 26.5 4.3 (s) .5 1.0 100.01995 .2 11.2 1.1 4.4 50.4 27.4 3.6 (s) .7 1.1 100.01997 .2 10.2 .8 5.4 51.3 29.4 1.8 (s) .4 .6 100.01999 .2 9.8 .7 5.7 50.9 30.3 1.7 (s) .2 .5 100.020016.1 9.3 .6 5.7 51.3 30.7 1.6 (s) .2 .4 100.02003 .1 9.0 .6 5.8 51.9 30.6 1.5 (s) .1 .4 100.02005 .1 8.6 .5 5.7 51.7 31.5 1.3 (s) .2 .4 100.02007 .1 7.9 .5 5.5 51.2 32.6 1.3 (s) .4 .4 100.02009 .1 7.3 .5 5.2 50.8 33.9 1.6 (s) .2 .3 100.01Includes coal coke.2Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.3In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively.4Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil."5Beginning in 1983, theAmerican Housing Survey for the United Stateshas been a biennial survey.6Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990Census, seeAmerican Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent.Notes:•Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartment buildings. Housing units withmore than one type of heating system are classified according to the principal type of heating system.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginningin1950.•For related information, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html.Sources:•1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census,Census of Population and Housing.•1973forward—Bureau of the Census,American Housing Survey for the United States,biennial surveys, Table2-5.Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel EconomyAll Motor Vehicles,1 1949-2008Mileage, 1966-2008 Fuel Consumption, 1966-2008 Fuel Economy, 1966-200858 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.2Miles per gallon.3Miles per vehicle.4Gallons per vehicle.5Sport utility vehicle.6Through 1989, includes motorcyclesSource: Table 2.8.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050255075100125150175

Index 1973=100Fuel Consumption4Passenger Cars6Vans, Pickup Trucks,and SUVs5Vans, Pickup Trucks,and SUVs5Vans, Pickup Trucks,and SUVs5Heavy-Duty TrucksHeavy-Duty TrucksFuel Economy2Heavy-Duty TrucksPassenger Cars6Passenger Cars61970 1980 1990 200008162432

Thousand Miles per Vehicle1970 1980 1990 2000012345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle1970 1980 1990 20000510152025

Miles per GallonMileage3U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 59**T able 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008** **Year Passenger Cars** 1**Vans, Pickup Trucks, and Sport Utility Vehicles**2**Heavy-Duty Trucks**3**All Motor Vehicles**4**Mileage Fuel** **Consumption Fuel** **Economy Mileage** **Fuel Consumption** **Fuel Economy** **Mileage Fuel** **Consumption Fuel** **Economy Mileage** **Fuel Consumption** **Fuel Economy** Miles perVehicleGallonsper VehicleMilesper GallonMiles perVehicleGallonsper VehicleMilesper GallonMiles pervehicleGallonsper vehicleMilesper GallonMiles perVehicleGallonsper VehicleMilesper Gallon1949 9,388 627 15.05( )5( )5( ) 9,712 1,080 9.0 9,498 726 13.11950 9,060 603 15.05( )5( )5( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,321 725 12.81955 9,447 645 14.65( )5( )5( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,661 761 12.71960 9,518 668 14.35( )5( )5( ) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,732 784 12.41965 9,603 661 14.55( )5( )5( ) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,826 787 12.51970 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,976 830 12.01975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,627 790 12.21976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,774 806 12.11977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,978 814 12.31978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,077 816 12.41979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,722 776 12.51980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,458 712 13.31981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,477 697 13.61982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,644 686 14.11983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,760 686 14.21984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,017 691 14.51985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,020 685 14.61986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,143 692 14.71987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,453 694 15.11988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,721 688 15.61989110,1571533119.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,932 688 15.91990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,107 677 16.41991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,294 669 16.91992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,558 683 16.91993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,595 693 16.71994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,683 698 16.71995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,793 700 16.81996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,813 700 16.91997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,107 711 17.01998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,211 721 16.91999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,206 732 16.72000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,164 720 16.92001 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,887 695 17.12002 12,202 555 22.0 11,364 650 17.5 27,071 4,642 5.8 12,171 719 16.92003 12,325 556 22.2 11,287 697 16.2 28,093 4,215 6.7 12,208 718 17.02004 12,460 553 22.5 11,184 690 16.2 27,023 4,057 6.7 12,200 714 17.12005 12,510 567 22.1 10,920 617 17.7 26,235 4,385 6.0 12,082 706 17.12006 12,485 554 22.5 10,920 612 17.8 25,231 4,304 5.9 12,017 698 17.22007 12,304 547 22.5 10,962 609 18.0 25,152 4,275 5.9 11,920 693 17.22008P11,788 522 22.6 10,951 605 18.1 25,254 4,075 6.2 11,619 667 17.41Through 1989, includes motorcycles.2Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans.3Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks.4Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.5Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."P=Preliminary.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm.Sources:**Passenger Cars, 1990-1994:**U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of TransportationStatistics,National Transportation Statistics 1998,Table 4-13.**All Other Dat a:** •1949-1994—Federal Highway Administration (FHWA),Highway Statistics Summary to 1995,TableVM-201A.•1995 forward—FHWA,Highway Statistics,annual reports, Table VM-1.Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy SourceBy Survey Year, 1979-2003By Census Region, 200360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent orfewer than 20 buildings were sampled.Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.Source: Table 2.9.1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 200301234

Quadrillion BtuElectricity1Natural GasDistrict HeatFuel Oil20.2 0.2 0.20.60.20.20.50.80.50.42.10.60.81.50.63.6Northeast Midwest South West United States01234

Quadrillion BtuElectricity1Natural GasFuel Oil2District Heat(s) (s)(s) QU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 61**T able 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003** (Trillion Btu)**Energy Source and Year** **Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity** **Census Region**1**All Buildings** **1,001 to 10,000** **10,001 to 100,000** **Over 100,000** **Education Food** **Sales Food** **Service Health** **Care Lodging** **Mercantile and Service** **Office All** **Other Northeast** **Midwest South** **West M** **ajor Sources**21979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 5113( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,826 1,395 526 4,9651983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 4803( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,821 1,462 682 4,8231986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,585 1,459 896 4,9771989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,659 1,648 1,126 5,7881992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,578 1,825 998 5,49019954............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,497 1,684 1,106 5,3211999 ................ 1,381 2,300 2,053 649 201 447 515 450 1,145 1,089 1,237 1,116 1,509 1,961 1,147 5,7332003 ................ 1,248 2,553 2,721 820 251 427 594 510 1,333 1,134 1,455 1,396 1,799 2,265 1,063 6,523**E lectricity** 51979 ................ 429 872 608 1633( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 593 662 227 1,9081983 ................ 469 903 758 1523( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 673 801 331 2,1291986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 584 867 510 2,3901989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 609 975 604 2,7731992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 622 1,002 566 2,60919954............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 558 1,027 587 2,6081999 ................ 698 1,235 1,164 257 165 216 232 196 659 767 606 543 662 1,247 645 3,0982003 ................ 685 1,405 1,469 371 208 217 248 235 883 719 679 587 799 1,542 631 3,559**N atural Gas** 1979 ................ 646 996 532 2143( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,007 470 255 2,1741983 ................ 684 809 597 2463( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 978 523 311 2,0911986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 742 426 311 1,7231989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 831 498 391 2,0731992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 747 697 376 2,17419954............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 750 528 371 1,9461999 ................ 604 803 616 227 31 216 217 181 446 219 486 299 709 618 396 2,0232003 ................ 482 909 709 268 39 203 243 215 403 269 460 462 751 527 360 2,100**F uel Oil** 61979 ................ 177 272 231 1073( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 133 237 26 6811983 ................ 85 140 90 613( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 28 104 Q 3141986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 63 86 23 4421989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 61 50 Q 3571992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 26 48 Q 27219954............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 16 45 7 2351999 ................ 29 73 60 48 Q Q 19 Q 18 29 65 138 5 29 8 1792003 ................ 71 74 83 47 Q Q 11 35 41 18 68 181 24 15 9 228**D istrict Heat** 71979 ................ Q 61 136 273( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 93 Q Q 2011983 ................ Q 83 202 213( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 141 34 30 2891986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 196 81 51 4221989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 159 126 121 5851992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 183 78 51 43519954............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 173 83 Q 5331999 ................ Q 158 213 117 Q Q 46 68 Q 74 126 136 132 67 98 4332003 ................ Q 165 460 134 NC Q Q Q Q 128 247 166 225 182 Q 6361See Appendix C for map of Census regions.2Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.3Included in "Food Service."4Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, andparking garages.5Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.6Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.7Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased andnon-purchased steam and hot water.Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel Oil," and "District Heat," across allbuildings using any of those fuels.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs.Sources:•1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "NonresidentialBuildings Energy Consumption Survey."•1983—EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings EnergyConsumption Survey."•1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy ConsumptionSurvey."•1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003Buildings by Energy Source Used Consumption Consumption per Square FootSquare Footage per Building by Expenditures Expenditures Per Square FootEnergy Source Used62 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.3Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Note: For years not shown, there are no data available.Source: Table 2.10.District Heat1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003012345 Thousands of Buildings1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 20030255075100125

Thousand BtuFuel Oil21979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 200301234

Quadrillion BtuElectricity1Natural GasDistrict HeatDistrict HeatNatural GasNatural GasElectricity1Fuel Oil2Fuel Oil2Fuel Oil2Electricity11979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 200300.30.60.91.21.5

Dollars31979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 20030306090

Billion Dollars31979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 20030306090

Thousand Square FeetNatural GasNatural GasFuel Oil2Fuel Oil2Electricity1Electricity1Electricity1Natural GasDistrict HeatDistrict HeatDistrict HeatU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 63**T able 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003** **Energy Source and Year** **Building Characteristics Energy Consumption** **Energy Expenditures Number of** **Buildings Total** **Square Feet Square Feet** **per Building Total** **Per Building** **Per Square Foot** **Per Employee** **Total Per** **Building Per** **Square Foot Per** **Million Btu**ThousandsMillionsThousandsTrillion BtuMillion BtuThousand BtuMillion BtuMillion Dollars1Thousand Dollars1Dollars1Dollars1**M ajor Sources** 21979 ...................... 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 11.0 0.78 6.751983 ...................... 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 17.5 1.13 11.481986 ...................... 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 14.6 1.04 12.061989 ...................... 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 15.6 1.12 12.241992 ...................... 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 14.9 1.06 13.0819953................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 15.3 1.19 13.141999 ...................... 4,657 67,338 14.5 5,733 1,231 85.1 70.0 81,552 17.5 1.21 14.222003 ...................... 4,859 71,658 14.7 6,523 1,342 91.05( ) 107,897 22.2 1.51 16.54**E lectricity** 41979 ...................... 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 7.9 .55 12.451983 ...................... 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12.9 .81 18.451986 ...................... 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 11.9 .84 19.741989 ...................... 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 13.0 .91 20.171992 ...................... 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 12.5 .87 22.0919953................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 13.0 .99 21.711999 ...................... 4,395 65,716 15.0 3,098 706 47.1 37.9 66,424 15.1 1.01 21.442003 ...................... 4,617 70,181 15.2 3,559 771 50.75( ) 82,783 17.9 1.18 23.26**N atural Gas** 1979 ...................... 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 3.1 .19 2.671983 ...................... 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6.0 .34 5.471986 ...................... 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 3.8 .22 4.851989 ...................... 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 3.8 .22 4.441992 ...................... 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 3.7 .22 4.5519953................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 3.6 .24 4.631999 ...................... 2,670 45,525 17.1 2,023 758 44.4 36.0 10,609 4.0 .23 5.242003 ...................... 2,538 48,473 19.1 2,100 828 43.35( ) 16,010 6.3 .33 7.62**F uel Oil** 61979 ...................... 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 4.3 .24 4.061983 ...................... 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 4.8 .22 6.681986 ...................... 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 3.9 .19 4.661989 ...................... 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 3.1 .14 5.111992 ...................... 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 2.5 .11 5.1419953................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 1.9 .08 5.001999 ...................... 434 13,285 30.6 179 412 13.5 9.1 956 2.2 .07 5.352003 ...................... 465 16,265 35.0 228 490 14.05( ) 1,826 3.9 .11 8.01**D istrict Heat** 71979 ...................... 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 26.9 .34 6.301983 ...................... 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 41.2 .57 9.101986 ...................... 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 33.8 .57 6.211989 ...................... 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 39.3 .59 6.591992 ...................... 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 30.7 .55 6.6719953................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 28.3 .55 5.831999 ...................... 117 5,891 50.2 433 3,692 73.6 50.1 3,564 30.4 .60 8.232003 ...................... 67 5,576 83.0 636 9,470 114.05( ) 7,279 108.4 1.31 11.451Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.3Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, andparking garages.4Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.5Total number of employees not collected in 2003.6Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.7Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased andnon-purchased steam and hot water.Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics formajor sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs.Sources:•1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "NonresidentialBuildings Energy Consumption Survey."•1983—EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings EnergyConsumption Survey."•1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy ConsumptionSurvey."•1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003By End UseBy Principal Building Activity64 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101,340481436381167156886924418Lighting Cooling Ventilation Refrigeration Space Computers Water Office Cooking Other105001,0001,500

Trillion BtuHeatingHeating Equipmentand StorageAssembly733719371248244235217208167149267Mercantile Office Education Health Care Warehouse Lodging Food Service Food Sales Public Service Other20200400600800

Trillion Btu (Cumulative)All Other End UsesCoolingLighting1Examples of “other” include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals,dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; signmotors, time clocks, vending machines, phoneequipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.2Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and buildings that do not fit into any ofthe other named categories.Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energylosses.Source: Table 2.11.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 65**T able 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003** (Trillion Btu)**End Use Space** **Heating Cooling** **Ventilation Water** **Heating Lighting** **Cooking Refrigeration** **Office Equipment** **Computers Other** 1**Total A** **ll Buildings**.................................... 167 481 436 88 1,340 24 381 69 156 418 3,559**P rincipal Building Activity** Education ...................................... 15 74 83 11 113 2 16 4 32 21 371Food Sales ................................... 6 12 7 Q 46 2 119 2 2 10 208Food Service ................................ 10 28 24 10 42 13 70 2 2 15 217Health Care .................................. 6 34 42 2 105 1 8 4 10 36 248Inpatient ..................................... 3 25 38 2 76 1 4 2 7 21178Outpatient .................................. 3 9 4 (s) 28 (s) 4 2 3 1569Lodging ......................................... 14 24 14 12 124 2 12 Q 6 24 235Mercantile ..................................... 58 109 68 38 308 2 49 8 11 83 733Retail (Other Than Mall) ............ 6 25 16 2 111 (s) 22 3 4 22 211Enclosed and Strip Malls ........... 52 84 51 36 197 2 27 5 8 61 523Office ............................................ 33 101 63 7 281 1 35 32 74 91 719Public Assembly ........................... 5 35 63 (s) 27 (s) 9 Q 3 23 167Public Order and Safety ............... 2 8 10 3 18 (s) 3 1 2 10 57Religious Worship ......................... 3 11 5 (s) 17 (s) 6 (s) 1 1862Service .......................................... 6 15 24 (s) 63 Q 9 1 3 28149Warehouse and Storage ............... 5 13 20 2 132 Q 36 2 5 30 244Other2.......................................... 2 16 11 Q 59 Q 10 Q 5 22 133Vacant .......................................... 1 2 1 Q 4 Q (s) Q (s) 7151Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators.2Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greaterthan 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.Notes:•Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy losses.•One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey2003," Table E3A.Energy Consumption by SectorNote. Electrical System Energy Losses.Electrical system energy losses arecalculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electricpower sector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retailsales—see Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electricpower plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy intomechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamicallynecessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-outputlosses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric,geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. In addition toconversion losses, other losses includedpower plant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of electricity from power plants to end-use consumers(also called “line losses”), and unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion toeach sector's share of total electricitysales. Overall, about two thirds of total energy input is lost in conversion.Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant useand 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.66 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20103. Financial IndicatorsFigure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production PricesPrices, 1949-2010Fossil Fuel Composite Price2, Change From Previous Year, 1950-201068 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Fossil Fuel CompositeNaturalGasCoal1In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by usinggross domestic product implicit price deflatorsin Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2Based on real prices.Source: Table 3.1.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100246810121416

Chained (2005) Dollars1 per Million BtuCrude Oil1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010-60-40-200204060

PercentU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 69**T able 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Dollars per Million Btu)**Year Coal** 1**Natural Gas**2**Crude Oil**3**Fossil Fuel Composite**4**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Percent Change** 71949 0.21 1.45 0.05 0.37 0.44 3.02 0.26 1.81 – –1950 .21 1.41 .06 .43 .43 2.96 .26 1.74 -3.61955 .19 1.12 .09 .54 .48 2.88 .27 1.64 -3.61960 .19 1.04 .13 .68 .50 2.67 .28 1.52 -2.31965 .18 .92 .15 .73 .49 2.48 .28 1.39 -1.51970 .27 1.09 .15 .63 .55 2.26 .32 1.31 .81975 .85 2.52 .40 1.20 1.32 3.94 .82 2.45 10.91976 .86 2.41 .53 1.50 1.41 3.98 .90 2.54 3.81977 .88 2.34 .72 1.92 1.48 3.91 1.01 2.67 5.11978 .98 2.43 .84 2.07 1.55 3.84 1.12 2.76 3.41979 1.06 2.42 1.08 2.47 2.18 4.98 1.42 3.24 17.31980 1.10 2.30 1.45 3.03 3.72 7.80 2.04 4.28 32.11981 1.18 2.27 1.80 3.44 5.48 10.49 2.75 5.26 22.91982 1.23 2.21 2.22 4.01 4.92 8.87 2.76 4.98 -5.31983 1.18 2.05 2.32 4.03 4.52 7.84 2.70 4.69 -5.81984 1.16 1.95 2.40 4.01 4.46 7.47 2.65 4.43 -5.61985 1.15 1.87 2.26 3.67 4.15 6.75 2.51 4.08 -7.81986 1.09 1.73 1.75 2.78 2.16 3.43 1.65 2.63 -35.61987 1.05 1.63 1.50 2.32 2.66 4.10 1.70 2.63 (s)1988 1.01 1.51 1.52 2.28 2.17 3.24 1.53 2.29 -12.81989 1.00 1.44 1.53 2.20 2.73 3.93 1.67 2.40 5.01990 1.00 1.38 1.55 2.14 3.45 4.78 1.84 2.55 6.21991 .99 1.33 1.48 1.98 2.85 3.82 1.67 2.23 -12.51992 .97 1.27 1.57 2.05 2.76 3.60 1.66 2.17 -3.11993 .93 1.19 1.84 2.36 2.46 3.14 1.67 2.13 -1.41994 .91 1.14 1.67 2.10 2.27 2.85 1.53 1.91 -10.41995 .88 1.08 1.40 1.72 2.52 3.09 1.47 1.81 -5.51996 .87 1.04 1.96 2.36 3.18 3.83 1.82 2.19 21.31997 .85 1.01 2.10 2.48 2.97 3.51 1.81 2.14 -2.51998 .83 .97 1.77 2.07 1.87 2.19 1.41 1.65 -22.81999 .79 .91 1.98 2.28 2.68 3.09 1.65 1.90 15.42000 .80 .90 3.32 3.75 4.61 5.20 2.60 2.93 54.22001 .84 .92 3.62 3.99 3.77 4.15 2.53 2.79 -4.82002 .87 .94 2.67 2.90 3.88 4.21 2.21 2.40 -14.12003 .87 .93 4.41 4.69 4.75 5.05 3.09 3.29 37.12004 .98 1.01 4.95 5.11 6.34 6.55 3.61 3.73 13.52005 1.16 1.16 6.64 6.64 8.67 8.67 4.74 4.74 26.92006 1.24 1.20 5.79 5.61 10.29 9.97 4.73 4.58 -3.32007 1.29 1.21 5.66 5.33 11.47R10.79 4.95R4.65R1.62008 1.55R1.42R7.25 6.67 16.21R14.93 6.52 6.01 29.12009R1.67R1.52R3.33R3.04 9.72 8.86 3.97 3.62R-39.72010P1.77 1.60 3.78 3.41 12.88 11.64 4.83 4.37 20.51Free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point of first sale,excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.2Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.3Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary.4Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production ofeach fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btucontent of total fossil fuel production.5See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.6In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.7Based on real values.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and greater than -0.05percent.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.Sources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and ExportsOverview, 1949-2010 Production by Fuel, 1949-2010Overview, 201070 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Production1In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.7, and 3.8.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100255075100125150175200

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1NaturalGas1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010050100150200250300350400450

Billion Chained (2005) Dollars1ProductionCrude OilCoalExportsImports28335280Production Imports Exports0100200300400

Billion Nominal Dollars2U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 71**T able 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Dollars)**Year Coal** 1**Natural Gas**2**Crude Oil**3,4**Total Nominal** 5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**61949 2.52 17.38 0.33 2.24 4.68 32.30 7.52 51.931950 2.91 19.86 .44 3.00 4.95 33.83 8.30 56.691955 2.30 13.88 .94 5.67 6.88 41.49 10.12 61.041960 2.10 11.28 1.79 9.61 7.42 39.88 11.30 60.771965 2.40 12.04 2.57 12.88 8.15 40.90 13.11 65.821970 3.88 15.97 3.73 15.32 11.19 46.00 18.80 77.301975 12.67 37.74 8.85 26.36 23.45 69.86 44.96 133.961976 13.40 37.75 11.57 32.61 24.37 68.68 49.34 139.041977 13.91 36.84 15.82 41.91 25.79 68.31 55.52 147.071978 14.65 36.26 18.18 44.99 28.60 70.80 61.43 152.051979 18.55 42.39 24.16 55.20 39.45 90.16 82.16 187.751980 20.45 42.83 32.09 67.19 67.93 142.26 120.47 252.281981 21.75 41.64 39.51 75.66 99.40 190.32 160.66 307.621982 22.84 41.22 45.71 82.49 90.03 162.47 158.58 286.181983 20.32 35.27 43.73 75.92 83.05 144.17 147.10 255.361984 22.94 38.39 48.69 81.47 84.10 140.72 155.74 260.581985 22.27 36.16 43.35 70.40 78.88 128.11 144.50 234.671986 21.18 33.65 32.71 51.97 39.63 62.98 93.52 148.601987 21.20 32.73 29.11 44.95 46.93 72.46 97.24 150.141988 20.97 31.31 30.28 45.21 37.48 55.95 88.73 132.461989 21.40 30.78 30.58 43.99 44.07 63.40 96.05 138.171990 22.39 31.01 31.80 44.04 53.77 74.48 107.96 149.531991 21.40 28.63 30.39 40.65 44.77 59.89 96.57 129.181992 20.98 27.41 32.56 42.54 41.97 54.84 95.50 124.791993 18.77 23.99 38.72 49.50 35.61 45.52 93.10 119.021994 20.06 25.12 36.46 45.65 32.07 40.15 88.59 110.921995 19.45 23.86 30.24 37.08 35.00 42.93 84.69 103.871996 19.68 23.69 42.99 51.74 43.68 52.57 106.35 128.001997 19.77 23.38 46.09 54.51 40.57 47.99 106.43 125.881998 19.75 23.09 39.12 45.75 24.80 29.01 83.68 97.851999 18.30 21.09 43.37 49.99 33.40 38.50 95.08 109.572000 18.02 20.32 74.33 83.85 56.93 64.22 149.27 168.392001 19.60 21.62 82.28 90.77 46.25 51.02 148.13 163.412002 19.68 21.36 58.66 63.68 47.21 51.25 125.54 136.282003 19.13 20.33 97.47 103.59 57.14 60.73 173.75 184.642004 22.16 22.90 106.57 110.12 72.93 75.36 201.66 208.392005 26.69 26.69 138.74 138.74 95.03 95.03 260.46 260.462006 29.25 28.33 124.03 120.12 111.16 107.65 264.44 256.102007 30.04R28.26 126.23R118.75 122.96R115.68 279.23R262.692008 36.62R33.71R168.33R154.97 170.38R156.86R375.33R345.552009R35.73R32.60R79.18R72.23R110.25R100.58R225.16R205.412010P38.67 34.94 93.89 84.84 150.31 135.83 282.86 255.611Coal values are based on free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coalat the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" inGlossary.2Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices. See "Natural GasMarketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.3Includes lease condensate.4Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic FirstPurchase Price" in Glossary.5See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.6In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by SourceTotal Energy, 1970-2009 By Energy Type, 2009Prices3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2009 By Petroleum Product, 200972 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Fuel OilGasoline$17.03 in 20091Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuelethanol and biodiesel.Prior to 2001, also includes non-biomass waste.3Based on nominal dollars.4Liquefied petroleum gases.5Consumption-weighted averageprice for asphalt and road oil,aviation gasoline, kerosene,lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.Source: Table 3.3.Electricity1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200503691215182124

Dollars1 per Million Btu28.9016.867.663.302.330.55Retail Petroleum Natural Biomass2 Coal Nuclear05101520253035

Dollars1 per Million BtuGas Fuel1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005048121620

Index: 1970=1.00Natural Gas5Petroleum18.5116.9816.3812.619.6914.29Motor Distillate LPG Jet Fuel Residual Other05101520

Dollars1 per Million BtuNuclear FuelCoalBiomass24Fuel OilU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 73**T able 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009** (Dollars1per Million Btu)**Year Primary Energy** 2**Electric Power** **Sector**11,12**Retail Electricity** 13**Total Energy** 9,10,14**Coal Natural** **Gas**3**Petroleum Nuclear** **Fuel Biomass** 8**Total**9,10**Distillate Fuel Oil** **Jet Fuel** 4**LPG**5**Motor Gasoline** 6**Residual Fuel Oil** **Other**7**Total**1970 0.38 0.59 1.16 0.73R1.43 2.85 0.42 1.38R1.71 0.18 1.29 1.08 0.32 4.98 1.651971 .42 .63 1.22 .77R1.46 2.90 .58 1.45R1.78 .18 1.31 1.15 .38 5.30 1.761972 .45 .68 1.22 .79R1.49 2.88 .62 1.49 1.78 .18 1.33 1.18 .42 5.54 1.841973 .48 .73 1.46 .92R1.97 3.10 .75 1.58 1.97 .19 1.39 1.29 .47 5.86 2.021974 .88 .89 2.44 1.58R2.77 4.32 1.82 2.60R3.05 .20 1.50 1.94 .87 7.42 2.871975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05R2.93 4.65 1.93 2.94R3.34 .24 1.50 2.19 .97 8.61 3.331976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25R3.16 4.84 1.90 3.08R3.46 .25 1.53 2.34 1.03 9.13 3.571977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59R3.61 5.13 2.14 3.27 3.73 .27 1.58 2.58 1.17 10.11 3.981978 1.27 1.95 3.26 2.87R3.56 5.24 2.08 3.45 3.84 .30 1.61 2.71 1.27 10.92 4.231979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90R4.46 7.11 2.83 4.70 5.23 .34 1.88 3.47 1.50 11.78 5.211980 1.46 2.86 6.70 6.36R5.59 9.84 3.88 7.04 7.40 .43 2.26 4.57 1.77 13.95 6.891981 1.64 3.43 8.03 7.57R6.13 10.94 4.91 8.67 8.68 .48 2.52 5.25 2.04 16.14 8.031982 1.73 4.23 7.78 7.23R6.60 10.39 4.65 7.87R8.39 .54 2.60R5.32 2.05 18.16 8.461983 1.70 4.72 7.32 6.53R7.11 9.12 4.50 7.60 7.77 .58 2.44R5.11 2.02 18.62 8.391984 1.71 4.75 7.37 6.25R6.88 8.89 4.75 7.72 7.68 .67 2.53 5.04 2.02 18.50R8.281985 1.69 4.61 7.22 5.91 6.55 9.01 4.30 7.55 7.63 .71 2.47 4.92 1.91 19.05 8.371986 1.62 4.07 5.68 3.92R6.43 6.79 2.37 5.80 5.73 .70 2.12 3.97 1.60 19.05 7.301987 1.53 3.77 5.97 4.03R6.05 7.23 2.86 5.63 6.04 .71 2.07 4.00 1.57 18.74 7.341988 1.50 3.78 5.83 3.80R5.86 7.33 2.35 5.26 5.91 .73 2.09 3.89 1.49 18.68 7.261989 1.48 3.82 6.43 4.39R5.51 8.02 2.72 5.50 6.43 .70 1.42 4.07 1.51 18.98 7.551990 1.49 3.82 7.68 5.68R6.72 9.12 3.17 5.82 7.47 .67 1.32R4.45 1.48 19.32R8.241991 1.48 3.74 7.29 4.83R6.77 8.93 2.62R5.73R7.19 .63 1.39R4.28 1.40 19.84 8.201992 1.45 3.83 7.09 4.52R6.16 8.96 2.28R5.51 7.07 .59 1.32 4.24 1.38 20.06 8.131993 1.42 4.10 7.08 4.29R6.17 8.83 2.26R5.49R7.00 .56 1.28R4.25 1.40 20.38 8.251994 1.39 4.08 6.99 3.95R6.61 8.96 2.32 5.47 7.06 .56 1.39 4.27 1.36 20.33 8.301995 1.37 3.73 6.98 4.00R6.51 9.22 2.46 5.74R7.28 .54 1.40 4.23 1.29 20.29 8.281996 1.33 4.25 7.87 4.82R7.98 9.85 2.80R6.20R8.01 .51 1.25 4.63 1.35 20.16 8.751997 1.32 4.53 7.66 4.53R7.39 9.81 2.93R5.89 7.86 .51 1.15 4.66 1.38 20.13 8.801998 1.29 4.13 6.57 3.35R5.95 8.45 2.15R5.02R6.63 .50 1.27 4.08 1.32 19.80 8.201999 1.27 4.16 7.19 4.01R6.60 9.31 2.51 5.30 7.33 .48 1.34 4.37 1.33 19.52 8.532000 1.24 5.62 9.86 6.64R9.55R11.89 4.32R7.04R9.82 .46 1.58R5.70 1.71 20.03R10.282001 1.29 6.87R9.18 5.72R9.54R11.34 3.99R6.41 9.32 .44 2.08 5.83 1.85 21.41 10.732002 1.30R5.31R8.64 5.33R8.09R10.69 3.91R6.59R8.83 .43 2.19R5.25 1.54 21.15R10.062003 1.32R7.08R10.05 6.46R10.32 12.34 4.75R7.62 10.31 .42 1.98R6.28 1.84 21.85R11.422004 1.41R7.91R12.23 8.93R12.24R14.67 4.92R8.56R12.27 .42 2.17R7.37 2.00 22.38 12.872005 1.62 9.92R16.41 12.86R14.58R17.89 6.65R10.98R15.53 .43 3.10R9.24 2.61 23.92R15.552006 1.78 9.62R18.55 14.80R16.85 20.27 7.93R13.37R17.92 .44R3.15R10.21 2.48 26.15R17.362007 1.88R9.31R19.87 16.01R18.76R22.01R8.57R14.94R19.47 .46R3.36R10.75 2.68 26.84R18.242008 2.21 10.83 26.33 22.56 23.35 25.53 12.64 18.83 24.18 .47 3.71 12.93 3.21 28.64 21.372009 2.33 7.66 16.98 12.61 16.38 18.51 9.69 14.29 16.86 .55 3.30 9.37 2.44 28.90 17.031Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includeskerosene-type jet fuel only.5Liquefied petroleum gases.6Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.7Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts.8Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through2000, also includes non-biomass waste.9Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2009, coal cokeimports averaged 10.82 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 4.17 dollars per million Btu.10Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuelethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.11Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North AmericanIndustry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.12Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclearfuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.13Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,other energy service providers.14Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy and retail electricity in the four end-usesectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes energy in the electric powersector.R=Revised.Notes:•Prices include taxes where data are available.•There are no direct fuel costs forhydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2009: Prices and Expenditures"(June 2011), U.S. Table ET1.Figure 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009By Sector Residential Sector by Major SourceCommercial Sector by Major Source Industrial Sector by Major Source74 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 201022.1320.6917.5411.04Residential Commercial Transportation Industrial0510152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu33.7221.4911.81Retail Petroleum Natural010203040

Dollars1 per Million BtuGasElectricity13.756.483.872.64Retail Petroleum Natural Coal Biomass20510152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu29.8115.689.69Retail Petroleum Natural05101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu20.00Gas GasElectricityElectricity1Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuelethanol and biodiesel.Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent prices paid by consumers. As suchthey include taxes where data are available. • There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric,geothermal, wind, or solar energy.Source: Table 3.4.U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 75**T able 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009** (Dollars1per Million Btu)**Year Residential** **Commercial Industrial** **Transportation Natural** **Gas**2**Petroleum Retail** **Electricity**3**Total**4**Natural Gas** 2**Petroleum**5**Retail Electricity** 3**Total**6,7**Coal Natural** **Gas**2**Petroleum**5**Biomass**8**Retail Electricity** 3**Total**7,9**Petroleum**5**Total**7,101970 1.06R1.54 6.51 2.10 0.75R0.91 6.09R1.97 0.45 0.38 0.98 1.59 2.99 0.84 2.31 2.311971 1.12R1.59 6.80 2.24 .80R1.02 6.44R2.15 .50 .41 1.05 1.59 3.22 .92 2.37 2.371972 1.18R1.62 7.09 2.37 .86R1.05 6.71R2.32 .55 .46 1.05 1.59 3.40 .99 2.38 2.381973 1.26R2.08 7.44R2.71 .91R1.21 7.06R2.55 .63 .50 1.18 1.60 3.66 1.10 2.57 2.571974 1.42R2.85 9.09 3.38 1.05R2.26 8.91 3.41 1.22 .67 2.24 1.60 4.95 1.78 3.70 3.701975 1.67R3.01 10.29R3.80 1.32R2.40 10.11R4.07 1.50 .95 2.46 1.60 6.07 2.20 4.02 4.021976 1.94R3.23 10.93R4.12 1.61R2.50 10.82R4.38 1.50 1.21 2.57 1.60 6.48 2.43 4.20 4.211977 2.30R3.64 11.87R4.76 2.00R2.85 11.99R5.12 1.56 1.48 2.84 1.59 7.33 2.78 4.47 4.481978 2.52R3.76 12.63 5.13 2.20R2.93 12.78R5.50 1.73 1.66 2.96 1.60 8.18 3.03 4.59 4.591979 2.92R5.31 13.60R5.99 2.69 4.15 13.72 6.28 1.75 1.96 3.99 1.60 8.94 3.63 6.19 6.191980 3.60R7.24 15.71 7.46 3.32 5.64 16.06R7.83 1.87 2.52 5.75 1.67 10.81 4.71 8.60 8.611981 4.19R8.66 18.17 8.82 3.91R6.97 18.44R9.48 2.06 3.07 6.84 1.67 12.57 5.52 9.83 9.841982 5.05R8.65 20.11 9.78 4.70 6.65 20.11R10.35 2.09 3.80 6.51 1.67 14.51 6.05 9.42 9.431983 5.88R8.37 21.04 10.66 5.43R6.52 20.57R10.92 1.91 4.10 6.57 1.67 14.54 6.21 8.44 8.451984 5.95R8.43 20.96 10.66 5.40R6.50 20.89R11.13 1.91 4.13 6.56 1.67 14.16 6.12 8.25 8.261985 5.94R8.13 21.66 10.91 5.34R6.50 21.30R11.64 1.90 3.87 6.29 1.67 14.57 6.03 8.26 8.271986 5.67R6.76 21.75 10.75 4.94R4.46 21.10R11.21 1.80 3.20 4.92 1.65 14.45 5.36 6.21 6.221987 5.39R6.57 21.82 10.71 4.64R4.77 20.44R10.97 1.67 2.88 4.96 1.65 13.98 5.17 6.57 6.591988 5.32R6.56 21.92 10.66 4.51R4.52 20.34 10.82 1.68 2.90 4.62 1.65 13.78 5.00 6.56 6.571989 5.47R7.52 22.41 11.02 4.61R5.11 20.77R11.26 1.68 2.93 4.69 1.20 13.85 4.92 7.17 7.181990 5.63R8.66 22.96R11.87 4.70R6.07 21.20R11.88 1.69 2.95 5.48 .99 13.92 5.23 8.27 8.281991 5.66R8.44 23.57 12.08 4.69R5.63 21.73 12.07 1.67 2.80 5.31 1.14 14.18 5.18 7.98 7.991992 5.73R7.76 24.06 11.98 4.75R5.40 22.15R12.16 1.69 2.91 5.00 1.13 14.18 5.13 7.91 7.931993 5.99R7.60 24.40 12.28 5.08R5.18 22.40R12.56 1.63 3.12R4.92 1.12 14.22 5.16 7.87 7.881994 6.23R7.68 24.57R12.62 5.35R5.08 22.35R12.73 1.62 3.09 5.04 1.15 14.00 5.15 7.91 7.921995 5.89R7.61 24.63R12.62 4.94R5.18 22.29R12.63 1.63 2.80 5.20 1.21 13.68 4.97 8.08 8.091996 6.16R8.79 24.50R12.72 5.26R6.23 22.17R12.77 1.62 3.30R6.05 1.01 13.49 5.40 8.76 8.771997 6.75R8.77 24.71 13.29 5.67R6.16 22.03R13.04 1.62 3.53R5.69 1.01 13.29 5.34 8.69 8.701998 6.61R7.70 24.21R13.47 5.38R5.14 21.48R13.06 1.58 3.16R4.53 1.24 13.13 4.91 7.47 7.481999 6.50R7.94 23.93R13.18 5.22R5.62 21.01R12.86 1.58 3.21R5.08 1.38 12.98 5.12 8.23 8.232000 7.64R11.36 24.14R14.26 6.56R8.36 21.52R13.92 1.55 4.61R7.30 1.43 13.60R6.42R10.71R10.722001 9.42R11.46 25.16R15.67 8.32R7.96 22.99 15.56 1.63 5.71R6.77 1.95 14.78R6.88R10.20 10.212002R7.69R10.20 24.75R14.69 6.49R7.23 22.81R14.67 1.75R4.47R6.46 2.11 14.30R6.30R9.64R9.652003R9.24R12.09 25.56 15.85R8.07R8.71 23.54R15.64 1.74R6.20R7.81 1.62 14.97R7.48 11.20 11.212004R10.47R13.59 26.22R17.06R9.19R10.27 23.95R16.57 1.99R7.02R9.36 1.79 15.38R8.45R13.43R13.432005 12.34R17.10 27.68R19.20R10.98R13.68 25.40R18.61 2.56R9.08R11.93 2.73 16.77R10.39R16.89R16.892006R13.35R19.66 30.49R21.54R11.60R16.09 27.72R20.65 2.83R8.76R14.25R2.66 18.02R11.37R19.13R19.132007R12.72R21.65 31.22R21.62R10.98R17.73 28.27R20.75R2.92 8.28R15.82R2.53 18.71R11.92R20.61R20.612008 13.52 26.53 33.01 23.13 11.89 23.31 30.38 22.47 3.51 10.06 20.35 2.85 19.96 14.29 25.24 25.232009 11.81 21.49 33.72 22.13 9.69 15.68 29.81 20.69 3.87 6.48 13.75 2.64 20.00 11.04 17.54 17.541Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.3Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,other energy service providers.4Includes coal, and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed.5Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.6Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed.Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.7For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleumdata for those years.8Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through2000, also includes non-biomass waste.9Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.10Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.R=Revised.Notes:•Prices include taxes where data are available.•There are no direct fuel costs forhydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2009: Prices and Expenditures"(June 2011), U.S. Tables ET3-ET6.Figure 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by SourceTotal Energy, 1970-2009 By Energy Type, 2009Expenditures3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2009 By Petroleum Product, 200976 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuelethanol and biodiesel.3Based on nominal dollars.4Liquefied petroleum gases.5Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.Source: Table 3.5.1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200503006009001,2001,500

Billion Dollars1Electricity Gas$1,061 billion in 20095783501594655Petroleum Retail Natural Coal Biomass2 Nuclear0100200300400500600700

Billion Dollars1Fuel1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050510152025

Index: 1970=1.00Gasoline Fuel OilRetailElectricity31713143361139Motor Distillate LPG Jet Fuel Residual Other050100150200250300350

Billion Dollars1PetroleumNaturalGas4Coal5Fuel OilU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 77**T able 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009** (Million Dollars1)**Year Primary Energy** 2**Electric Power** **Sector**11,12**Retail Electricity** 13**Total Energy** 10,14**Coal Coal Coke** **Net Imports** 3**Natural Gas** 4**Petroleum Nuclear** **Fuel Biomass** 9**Total**10**Distillate Fuel Oil** **Jet Fuel** 5**LPG**6**Motor Gasoline** 7**Residual Fuel Oil** **Other**8**Total**1970 4,630 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441R2,395 31,596 2,046 4,172R47,904 44 438R63,872 -4,357 23,345R82,8601971 4,902 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582R2,483 33,478 2,933 4,449R51,816 73 446R69,312 -5,491 26,202R90,0231972 5,415 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682R2,834 35,346 3,458 4,777R55,648 104 476R74,893 -6,551 29,712R98,0541973 6,243 7 13,933 9,524 2,001R3,833 39,667 4,667 5,318R65,009 177 502R86,005 -7,952 33,774R111,8271974 11,118 150 16,380 15,217 3,208R5,200 54,194 10,547 8,284R96,651 259 544R125,269 -14,558 42,586R153,2971975 13,021 82 20,061 15,680 4,193R5,157 59,446 10,374 8,493R103,343 448 534R137,638 -16,545 50,680R171,7731976 14,051 44 25,097 18,402 4,567R5,917 64,977 11,648 9,925R115,437 520 622R155,927 -19,078 56,972R193,8211977 15,416 67 29,602 22,004 5,517R6,735 70,591 14,381 11,790R131,017 743 694R177,862 -23,715 66,225R220,3721978 17,551 362 33,185 23,587 6,205R6,543 74,513 13,747 13,348R137,944 915 782R191,118 -26,125 74,159R239,1521979 20,376 259 40,785 32,854 8,603R9,299 95,916 17,656 18,785R183,113 941 964R246,879 -31,472 82,051R297,4591980 22,607 -78 51,061 40,797 13,923R10,823 124,408 21,573 26,049R237,573 1,189 1,232R314,176 -38,027 98,095R374,2441981 26,159 -31 60,544 48,200 15,607R11,798 138,138 22,668 28,571R264,983 1,436 1,429R355,594 -44,274 116,455R427,7751982 26,349 -52 68,292 44,087 14,974R12,820 130,305 17,632 22,447R242,267 1,684 1,510R341,288 -42,354 127,393R426,3281983 26,987 -44 72,000 41,846 13,979R13,962 115,803 14,099 21,573R221,261 1,859 1,517R325,126 -42,566 134,731R417,2911984 29,025 -22 77,169 44,668 15,097R14,037 114,429 14,410 22,812R225,451 2,384 1,608R337,300 -44,686 142,420R435,0341985 29,678 -34 72,938 43,972 14,747R13,580 118,048 11,493 22,088R223,929 2,878 1,597R332,913 -43,970 149,233R438,1761986 27,855 -40 59,702 35,113 10,505R12,711 91,529 7,486 17,647R174,990 3,061 1,352R268,609 -37,016 151,793R383,3861987 27,532 7 58,019 37,729 11,448R12,835 99,864 8,062 17,687R187,625 3,378 1,300R279,951 -38,182 154,685R396,4541988 28,333 116 61,089 38,776 11,318R12,771 103,323 7,259 16,779R190,225 4,057 1,378R286,870 -38,553 162,063R410,3801989 28,284 137 66,198 43,159 13,434R12,108 112,720 8,357 17,060R206,838 3,939 2,270R309,018 -40,829 169,332R437,5211990 28,602 22 65,278 49,335 17,784R13,631 126,558 8,721 19,255R235,284 4,104 1,997R336,379 -40,626 176,691R472,4441991 28,129 44 65,956 45,269 14,609R14,882 123,118 6,784R18,213R222,875 4,073 2,165R324,420 -38,752 184,767R470,4351992 27,776 126 70,086 45,019 13,559R14,096 125,249 5,585R18,345R221,853 3,802 2,194R327,195 -38,663 186,906R475,4381993 28,229 96 77,052 45,732 13,002R13,882 126,560 5,449R18,285R222,910 3,597 2,193R334,784 -40,317 196,532R490,9991994 27,715 214 78,581 47,002 12,474R16,243 130,068 5,296R18,687R229,770 3,777 2,521R343,593 -40,352 200,831R504,0731995 27,431 234 75,020 47,533 12,526R16,197 136,647 4,676R19,225R236,803 3,810 2,938R347,144 -39,073 205,876R513,9471996 28,028 156 86,904 56,455 15,770R21,086 148,344 5,313R21,144R268,112 3,624 2,668R390,437 -41,652 211,105R559,8901997 28,277 170 93,382 55,922 15,000R19,781 149,668 5,206R21,631R267,208 3,369 2,425R395,817 -42,947 213,843R566,7141998 27,888 188 83,620 48,350 11,239R15,241 132,730 4,280R19,835R231,675 3,555 2,477R350,464 -43,311 218,361R525,5151999 27,310 140 84,960 54,565 13,878R19,038 149,260 4,686R21,250R262,676 3,643 2,659R382,668 -44,689 218,413R556,3922000 28,080 146 119,094R78,209 23,777R27,970R192,153 8,870R26,496R357,475 3,628 3,194R514,398 -60,054 231,577R685,9222001 28,202 82 139,388R75,035 19,602R25,543R185,752 7,266R23,097R336,294 3,524 3,494R513,673 -64,672 245,483R694,4842002 28,511 180 111,368R69,285 17,802R22,980R179,796 6,156R24,167R320,185 3,504 4,005R468,877 -54,230 247,598R662,2462003 29,402 169 144,489R83,873 21,096R28,161R209,493 8,325R28,061R379,010 3,362 3,599R561,401 -64,685R257,992R754,7082004 31,764 1,125 162,702R105,772 30,219R34,408R254,873 9,717R35,212R470,200 3,445 3,692R674,543 -71,720R268,133R870,9562005 36,932 633 200,303R143,598 44,679R38,874R312,047 13,951R44,136R597,285 3,469 5,896R847,031 -95,975R295,787R1,046,8432006 40,005 509 190,382R164,399 50,007R45,355R357,286 12,432R52,986R682,465 3,637R6,108R925,627 -90,104R323,962R1,159,4852007R42,717 347R196,868R177,172 53,754R51,081R389,282R14,129R55,211R740,628 3,871R6,404R994,035R-100,719R340,925R1,234,2402008 49,438 1,465 230,305 221,435 72,046 59,875 438,237 17,984 61,417 870,993 3,976 6,926 1,166,660 -118,545 360,570 1,408,6852009 45,824 -42 159,235 131,050 36,353 43,466 317,088 11,310 39,228 578,496 4,560 5,083 795,310 -84,496 350,438 1,061,2521Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector.3Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive fromBureau of the Census,U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,FT600 series.4Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.5Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includeskerosene-type jet fuel only.6Liquefied petroleum gases.7Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.8Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleumcoke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.9Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through2000, also includes non-biomass waste.10Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuelethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.11Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American IndustryClassification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to thepublic. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.12Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear fuel, wood, waste,and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will sum to the "Total Energy" column.13Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginningin1996, other energy service providers.14Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by the four end-use sectors (residential,commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures for energy by the electric power sector.R=Revised.Notes:•Expenditures include taxes where data are available.•There are no direct fuel costs forhydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.•Totals may not equal the sum of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2009: Prices and Expenditures"(June 2011), U.S. Table ET1.Figure 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009By Sector Residential Sector by Major Source2Commercial Sector by Major Source3 Industrial Sector by Major Source478 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010461241184175Transportation Residential Industrial Commercial0100200300400500

Billion Dollars11575824Retail Electricity Natural Gas Petroleum050100150200

Billion Dollars181603652Petroleum Retail Natural Coal Biomass0255075100

Billion Dollars11333111Retail Natural Petroleum0255075100125150

Billion Dollars1GasElectricityElectricity Gas51Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Expenditures for coal and wood and wood-derived fuels are not displayed.3Expenditures for coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste are not displayed.4Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.5Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuelethanol and biodiesel.Notes: • Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation sector expenditures. • There are nodirect fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not equalthe sum of components due to independent rounding.Source: Table 3.6.U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 79**T able 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009** (Million Dollars1)**Year Residential** **Commercial Industrial** **Transportation Natural** **Gas**2**Petroleum Retail** **Electricity**3**Total**4**Natural Gas** 2**Petroleum**5**Retail Electricity** 3**Total**6,7**Coal Natural** **Gas**2**Petroleum**5**Biomass**8**Retail Electricity** 3**Total**7,9**Petroleum**5**Total**7,101970 5,272R4,186 10,352R20,112 1,844R1,440 7,319R10,678 2,082 2,625 6,069 366 5,624 16,691 35,327 35,3791971 5,702R4,367 11,589R21,934 2,060R1,574 8,301R12,021 1,971 3,019 6,663 374 6,256 18,244 37,766 37,8241972 6,223R4,623 13,034R24,095 2,289R1,653 9,443R13,464 2,212 3,335 7,180 404 7,173 20,278 40,154 40,2181973 6,282R5,801 14,712R26,981 2,421R1,936 10,707R15,149 2,527 3,936 8,600 425 8,284 23,779 45,846 45,9181974 6,949R7,235 17,924R32,405 2,741R3,290 13,373R19,579 4,704 4,971 15,408 421 11,184 36,837 64,368 64,4761975 8,410R7,422 20,644R36,771 3,385R3,219 16,157R22,956 5,498 5,844 15,544 386 13,760 41,113 70,813 70,9331976 9,992R8,679 22,621R41,607 4,379R3,739 18,148R26,447 5,448 7,484 18,384 443 16,083 47,887 77,759 77,8801977 11,324R9,668 26,132R47,490 5,094R4,411 21,023R30,725 5,360 8,958 22,190 464 18,956 55,996 86,047 86,1601978 12,565R9,728 29,069R51,752 5,812R4,350 23,166R33,563 5,722 10,114 23,203 511 21,798 61,710 92,003 92,1281979 14,772R11,067 31,683R58,058 7,623R5,659 25,433R38,944 6,247 12,110 33,705 512 24,797 77,630 122,688 122,8261980 17,497R12,451 38,458R69,174 8,858R7,409 30,611R47,074 5,888 16,350 42,765 529 28,863 94,316 163,517 163,6801981 19,502R13,127 44,780R78,363 10,085R7,794 37,484R55,629 6,441 20,432 47,171 558 34,007 108,581 184,946R185,2031982 23,987R12,262 50,045R87,354 12,565R6,865 41,759R61,503 5,301 20,504 41,841 540 35,364 103,503 173,553R173,9681983 26,564R11,165 53,918R92,627 13,602R7,592 43,529R65,028 4,735 21,461 38,437 610 37,017 102,220 156,841R157,4171984 27,873R12,758 55,777R97,496 14,012R7,948 47,304R69,593 5,420 23,763 41,470 622 39,050 110,309 156,979R157,6361985 27,136R12,570 58,672R99,448 13,368R6,996 50,092R70,725 5,252 21,615 38,876 619 40,190 106,528 160,745R161,4751986 25,147R10,301 60,776R97,040 11,770R5,166 51,449R68,637 4,745 16,479 30,567 639 39,271 91,669 125,353R126,0391987 23,926R10,525 63,318R98,501 11,601R5,377 51,900R69,098 4,448 15,909 31,092 636 39,109R91,210 136,807R137,6441988 25,332R10,873 66,793R103,772 12,377R4,950 54,411R71,969 4,744 17,257 29,123 662 40,507 92,418 141,382R142,2211989 26,951R12,364 69,243R109,395 12,908R5,293 57,460R75,911 4,650 18,770 28,561 1,323 42,255 95,705 155,591R156,5101990 25,439R11,907 72,378R110,696 12,681R5,986 60,627R79,605 4,636 19,348 34,132 906 43,358 102,411 178,852R179,7321991 26,508R11,469 76,828R115,765 13,175R5,224 63,407R82,098 4,332 18,912R32,494 1,034 44,201R101,028 170,589R171,5441992 27,599R10,820 76,848R116,187 13,685R4,796 64,233R83,007 4,245 20,553R32,208 1,079 45,474R103,699 171,482R172,5441993 30,533R10,758 82,814R124,908 14,967R4,209 67,626R87,095 4,060 22,367R31,518 1,146 45,726R104,913 173,704 174,0821994 31,028R10,656 84,552R126,962 15,927R4,162 69,637R90,010 4,060 22,556R33,612 1,279 46,257R107,978 178,724 179,1231995 29,362R10,289 87,610R127,961 15,383R3,956 72,481R92,106 4,068 21,487R34,177 1,699 45,402R107,067 186,411 186,8131996 33,219R12,796 90,503R137,340 17,106R4,879 74,121R96,414 3,943 26,167R40,853 1,432 46,102R118,654 207,078 207,4831997 34,590R12,239 90,704R138,201 18,755R4,531 77,153R100,758 3,887 28,411R39,886 1,435 45,610R119,400 207,940 208,3531998 30,875R9,852 93,360R134,602 16,667R3,575 78,999R99,492 3,566 24,515R32,143 1,600 45,634R107,647 183,368 183,7751999 31,577R11,397 93,482R137,012 16,351R3,931 79,141R99,681 3,457 24,079R36,966 1,786 45,429R111,857 207,433 207,8432000 38,959R17,283 98,209R155,319 21,339R6,674 85,129R113,423 3,507 34,624R52,066 1,888 47,859R140,090R276,642R277,0902001 46,189R17,169 103,158R167,241 25,879R6,225 93,402R125,790 3,572 38,597R47,173 2,216 48,519R140,158R260,785R261,2952002 38,490R14,549 106,834R160,542 20,926R5,187 93,763R120,164 3,526 31,031R45,685 2,592 46,606R129,620R251,441R251,9192003 48,278R18,010 111,249R178,374 26,411R7,137 96,263R130,132 3,552 41,168R54,228 1,935 49,962R151,015R294,544R295,1882004 52,265R20,264 115,577R189,080 29,518R8,233 100,546R138,694 4,064 47,322R71,052 1,919 51,491R176,973R365,526R366,2082005 61,196R24,320 128,393R215,186 33,838R10,331 110,522R155,164 5,004 55,247R88,285 3,451 56,229R208,849R466,785R467,6442006 59,834R23,531 140,582R225,277 33,736R10,563 122,914R167,628 5,405 52,363R106,621R3,483 59,764R228,144R537,500R538,4362007R61,598R26,468 148,295R237,970R34,005R11,410 128,903R174,797R5,439R51,037R113,491R3,155 62,934R236,403R584,045R585,0702008 67,851 32,071 155,433 257,448 38,476 14,996 138,469 192,541 6,290 61,743 131,958 3,375 65,840 270,673 686,871 688,0242009 57,839 24,425 157,008 240,768 31,012 10,587 132,940 175,027 5,388 36,381 80,583 2,277 59,662 184,248 460,114 461,2091Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.3Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in1996, other energy service providers.4Includes coal and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed.5Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.6Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed.Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.7For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleumdata for those years.8Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through2000, also includes non-biomass waste.9Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.10Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.R=Revised.Notes:•Expenditures include taxes where data are available.•There are no direct fuel costs forhydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.•Totals may not equal the sum of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2009: Prices and Expenditures"(June 2011), U.S. Tables ET3-ET6.Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel ImportsTotal, 1949-2010 By Fuel, 1949-2010By Fuel, 201080 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.Source: Table 3.7.Crude Oil1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100100200300400500

Billion Real (2005) Dollars11950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010050100150200250300350

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1PetroleumProductsOther326073172Crude Petroleum Natural Coal and050100150200250300

Billion Nominal Dollars2Oil Products Gas Coal CokeU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 81**T able 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Dollars)**Year Coal** **Coal Coke Natural Gas** **Crude Oil**1**Petroleum Products**2**Total Nominal** 3**Real**4**Nominal**3**Real**4**Nominal**3**Real**4**Nominal**3**Real**4**Nominal**3**Real**4**Nominal**3**Real**41949 (s) 0.02 (s) 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.30 2.10 0.14 0.95 0.45 3.091950 (s) .02 .01 .04 .00 .00 .37 2.52 .21 1.47 .59 4.041955 (s) .02 (s) .01 (s) .01 .65 3.95 .44 2.66 1.10 6.641960 (s) .01 (s) .01 .03 .15 .90 4.81 .73 3.93 1.66 8.921965 (s) .01 (s) .01 .11 .53 1.12 5.62 .92 4.64 2.15 10.801970 (s) (s) (s) .01 .26 1.06 1.26 5.18 1.48 6.10 3.00 12.351975 .02 .06 .16 .47 1.15 3.43 18.29 54.50 6.77 20.17 26.39 78.621976 .02 .05 .11 .31 1.66 4.68 25.46 71.73 6.65 18.74 33.90 95.511977 .04 .10 .13 .35 2.00 5.30 33.59 88.98 8.42 22.30 44.18 117.031978 .07 .18 .41 1.01 2.06 5.10 32.30 79.95 7.30 18.08 42.15 104.321979 .05 .12 .34 .78 3.13 7.14 46.06 105.25 10.45 23.88 60.03 137.171980 .03 .06 .05 .11 4.21 8.82 61.90 129.63 12.54 26.26 78.74 164.891981 .03 .06 .04 .08 4.41 8.45 61.46 117.68 14.30 27.38 80.24 153.641982 .02 .04 .01 .02 4.69 8.47 45.72 82.52 13.86 25.02 64.31 116.061983 .04 .07 (s) (s) 4.39 7.62 36.49 63.35 14.84 25.76 55.77 96.811984 .05 .08 .05 .08 3.44 5.75 36.44 60.98 17.87 29.89 57.84 96.781985 .07 .11 .04 .07 3.05 4.95 32.90 53.43 17.47 28.37 53.53 86.931986 .08 .13 .03 .04 1.82 2.90 22.61 35.92 12.18 19.35 36.72 58.341987 .06 .09 .05 .08 1.93 2.98 29.13 44.98 12.37 19.09 43.54 67.221988 .06 .10 .19 .29 2.38 3.55 27.55 41.12 12.43 18.56 42.62 63.621989 .10 .14 .22 .31 2.51 3.60 35.53 51.11 13.50 19.42 51.85 74.581990 .09 .13 .07 .10 2.97 4.12 43.78 60.64 16.90 23.41 63.83 88.401991 .11 .15 .09 .12 3.24 4.33 36.90 49.36 13.17 17.62 53.51 71.581992 .13 .17 .14 .19 3.96 5.17 38.55 50.37 11.98 15.66 54.77 71.561993 .25 .32 .17 .21 4.77 6.10 38.47 49.18 11.74 15.01 55.40 70.821994 .27 .34 .27 .34 4.90 6.14 38.48 48.18 11.14 13.95 55.07 68.951995 .32 .40 .33 .40 4.23 5.19 42.81 52.51 9.95 12.20 57.64 70.691996 .27 .33 .24 .29 5.79 6.97 54.93 66.11 15.27 18.38 76.51 92.081997 .26 .30 .25 .30 6.50 7.68 54.23 64.13516.93520.02 78.16 92.431998 .28 .33 .29 .34 6.21 7.26 37.25 43.56 13.01 15.22 57.05 66.711999 .28 .32 .23 .26 8.03 9.26 50.89 58.65 16.28 18.77 75.71 87.262000 .38 .42 .25 .28 14.94 16.85 89.88 101.39 29.38 33.14 134.81 152.082001 .67 .74 .19 .21 17.62 19.44 74.29 81.96 28.45 31.39 121.23 133.732002 .60 .65 .24 .27 12.61 13.69 79.25 86.03 23.52 25.53 116.22 126.172003 .79 .84 .24 .25 20.39 21.67 101.80 108.18 30.64 32.56 153.85 163.492004 1.02 1.06 1.23 1.27 24.74 25.57 136.03 140.57 43.24 44.68 206.26 213.152005 1.42 1.42 .78 .78 35.25 35.25 182.94 182.94 67.12 67.12 287.52 287.522006 1.78 1.72 .64 .62 28.80 27.89 225.16 218.05 74.56 72.21 330.93 320.492007 1.73 1.63 .48 .45 31.65R29.78 245.77R231.21 81.85R77.00 361.48R340.072008 2.05R1.88 1.68 1.54R34.66R31.91 353.54R325.48 96.31R88.67R488.23R449.492009 1.45 1.32 .09 .08R15.72R14.34R194.60R177.53 57.23R52.21R269.09R245.492010P1.39P1.26P.40P.36E16.89E15.26P260.13P235.07P73.23P66.17P352.04P318.131Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.2Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineralfuels.3See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.4In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.5There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of thecommodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.Notes:•Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.•Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.Sources:**Coal**and**Coal Coke:**Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data.**Natural Gas:**•1949-1962—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption,FT110.•1963—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption,FT125.•1964-1971—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Imports for Consumption and General Imports,FT246.•1972and 1973—Federal Power Commission (FPC),Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports andExports of LNG.•1974-1977—FPC,United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,annual reports.•1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,annual reports.•1982-2008—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly (NGM),monthly reports.•2009—EIA, NGM (April 2011), Table 4.•2010—EIA estimate based on volume and revenue data fromU.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy.**Crude Oil**and**Petroleum Product s:** •1949-1962—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption,FT110.•1963—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption,FT125.•1964-1988—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Imports for Consumption,FT135.•1989 forward—Bureauofthe Census, Foreign Trade Division,U.S. Merchandise Trade,FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and ImportsofGoods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.Figure 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel ExportsTotal, 1949-2010 By Fuel, 1949-2010By Fuel, 201082 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010631062Petroleum Coal Natural Crude Oil010203040506070

Billion Nominal Dollars21In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke.Source: Table 3.8.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201001020304050607080

Billion Real (2005) Dollars11950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100102030405060

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1PetroleumProductsOther3CoalGas andCoal CokeProductsU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 83**T able 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Dollars)**Year Coal** **Coal Coke Natural Gas** **Crude Oil Petroleum Products** 1**Total Nominal** 2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**31949 0.30 2.05 0.01 0.06 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.68 0.46 3.19 0.87 5.991950 .27 1.84 .01 .04 (s) .02 .10 .70 .39 2.69 .78 5.301955 .48 2.92 .01 .05 .01 .04 .04 .23 .60 3.61 1.14 6.861960 .35 1.90 .01 .04 (s) .02 .01 .04 .47 2.51 .84 4.511965 .48 2.39 .02 .08 .01 .04 (s) .02 .44 2.21 .95 4.741970 .96 3.95 .08 .32 .03 .12 .02 .08 .50 2.06 1.59 6.541975 3.26 9.71 .07 .22 .09 .27 (s) (s) 1.01 3.00 4.43 13.201976 2.91 8.20 .07 .19 .10 .28 .03 .08 1.07 3.01 4.17 11.761977 2.66 7.03 .07 .19 .11 .28 .21 .55 1.14 3.01 4.18 11.081978 2.05 5.07 .05 .12 .11 .28 .39 .96 1.23 3.05 3.83 9.491979 3.40 7.76 .08 .18 .13 .29 .39 .90 1.58 3.62 5.58 12.761980 4.63 9.69 .13 .27 .23 .48 .75 1.57 2.12 4.44 7.86 16.461981 5.92 11.33 .07 .14 .35 .67 .58 1.10 3.24 6.20 10.16 19.451982 5.99 10.81 .06 .11 .30 .54 .47 .85 5.86 10.58 12.68 22.891983 4.06 7.04 .05 .08 .28 .48 .22 .39 4.88 8.47 9.48 16.461984 4.13 6.91 .07 .12 .27 .45 .19 .31 4.62 7.72 9.27 15.511985 4.47 7.25 .08 .12 .26 .43 .23 .37 4.90 7.95 9.93 16.121986 3.93 6.24 .07 .10 .17 .27 .12 .19 3.77 5.98 8.05 12.791987 3.40 5.26 .05 .07 .17 .26 .13 .19 3.80 5.86 7.54 11.641988 4.01 5.99 .08 .12 .20 .30 .08 .12 2.72 4.07 7.09 10.591989 4.29 6.17 .08 .12 .27 .39 .21 .30 2.65 3.82 7.49 10.781990 4.51 6.25 .05 .07 .27 .37 .14 .19 4.23 5.86 9.20 12.741991 4.62 6.18 .05 .07 .33 .45 .03 .04 4.65 6.22 9.69 12.961992 4.24 5.54 .04 .06 .49 .64 .03 .04 4.27 5.58 9.07 11.851993 3.09 3.95 .06 .08 .36 .46 .02 .03 4.15 5.30 7.68 9.811994 2.85 3.57 .04 .05 .40 .51 .05 .06 3.36 4.21 6.71 8.401995 3.57 4.37 .05 .06 .37 .45 .01 .01 3.56 4.37 7.55 9.261996 3.69 4.44 .06 .07 .46 .55 .56 .67 4.25 5.12 9.02 10.851997 3.39 4.01 .05 .06 .47 .56 1.04 1.2347.5548.93 12.51 14.791998 3.04 3.55 .04 .05 .39 .46 .90 1.05 5.68 6.64 10.04 11.751999 2.13 2.46 .03 .03 .43 .49 .77 .89 6.35 7.31 9.71 11.192000 2.04 2.30 .05 .06 1.00 1.13 .46 .52 9.73 10.97 13.28 14.982001 1.80 1.98 .11 .12 1.56 1.73 .19 .21 8.68 9.58 12.34 13.612002 1.60 1.74 .06 .07 1.76 1.91 .09 .10 8.65 9.39 12.17 13.212003 1.55 1.64 .07 .07 3.77 4.00 .16 .17 10.05 10.68 15.59 16.572004 2.60 2.68 .11 .11 5.20 5.38 .28 .29 12.85 13.28 21.04 21.742005 3.35 3.35 .15 .15 5.53 5.53 .60 .60 18.56 18.56 28.18 28.182006 3.52 3.41 .13 .12 4.94 4.79 .85 .83 27.32 26.46 36.77 35.612007 4.16 3.91 .13 .12 5.69R5.35 1.02R.95 32.28R30.37 43.27R40.712008 7.96R7.33 .21 .19R8.26R7.61 2.27 2.09 59.43R54.71R78.13R71.932009 5.99R5.47 .14 .12R4.79R4.37 1.62 1.48R42.89R39.13R55.43R50.572010P9.84P8.89P.24P.22E5.70E5.15P1.38P1.25P63.16P57.07P80.33P72.591Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineralfuels.2See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.3In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.4There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of thecommodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.Notes:•Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.•Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.Sources:**Coal**and**Coal Coke:**Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data.**Natural Gas:**•1949-1971—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Exports,FT410.•1972 and 1973—FederalPower Commission (FPC),Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports and Exports of LNG.•1974-1977—FPC,United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,annual reports.•1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,annual reports.•1982-2008—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly (NGM),monthly reports.•2009—EIA, NGM(April 2011), Table 4.•2010—EIA estimate based on volume and revenue data from U.S. DepartmentofEnergy, Office of Fossil Energy.**Crude Oil**and**Petroleum Products:**•1949-1988—Bureau of theCensus,U.S. Exports,FT410.•1989 forward—Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division,U.S.Merchandise Trade,FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of Goods by Principal SITC CommodityGroupings," December issues.Figure 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2010Value of Fossil Fuel Net ImportsValue of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel84 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by usinggross domestic product implicit price deflatorsin Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2Includes small amounts of coal coke.Note: Negative net imports indicate that the value of exports is greater than the value ofimports.Source: Table 3.9.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010-50050100150200250300350400-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars11950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010-50050100150200250300350400-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1Coal2Natural GasCrude Oil andPetroleum ProductsU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 85**T able 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Dollars)**Year Coal** **Coal Coke Natural Gas** **Crude Oil Petroleum Products** 1**Total Nominal** 2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**31949 -0.29 -2.04 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 1.42 -0.32 -2.24 -0.42 -2.891950 -.27 -1.82 (s) -.01 (s) -.02 .27 1.82 -.18 -1.23 -.18 -1.261955 -.48 -2.91 -.01 -.04 -.01 -.03 .62 3.71 -.16 -.95 -.04 -.221960 -.35 -1.89 -.01 -.03 .02 .13 .89 4.77 .26 1.42 .82 4.401965 -.48 -2.39 -.01 -.07 .10 .49 1.11 5.60 .48 2.43 1.21 6.061970 -.96 -3.95 -.08 -.31 .23 .94 1.24 5.11 .98 4.03 1.41 5.811975 -3.24 -9.64 .08 .24 1.06 3.16 18.29 54.50 5.76 17.17 21.96 65.421976 -2.89 -8.15 .04 .12 1.56 4.39 25.43 71.65 5.58 15.73 29.72 83.751977 -2.62 -6.93 .06 .16 1.89 5.02 33.38 88.43 7.28 19.28 40.00 105.951978 -1.98 -4.89 .36 .89 1.95 4.82 31.91 78.98 6.07 15.03 38.31 94.831979 -3.35 -7.65 .26 .59 3.00 6.85 45.66 104.35 8.87 20.26 54.44 124.411980 -4.60 -9.63 -.08 -.16 3.98 8.34 61.15 128.06 10.42 21.82 70.88 148.431981 -5.89 -11.27 -.03 -.06 4.06 7.78 60.88 116.57 11.06 21.18 70.09 134.201982 -5.97 -10.77 -.05 -.09 4.39 7.93 45.25 81.67 8.00 14.44 51.63 93.171983 -4.01 -6.97 -.04 -.08 4.11 7.13 36.27 62.96 9.96 17.30 46.28 80.351984 -4.09 -6.84 -.02 -.04 3.17 5.30 36.26 60.67 13.25 22.17 48.57 81.261985 -4.39 -7.14 -.03 -.06 2.79 4.52 32.68 53.07 12.57 20.41 43.60 70.811986 -3.85 -6.12 -.04 -.06 1.65 2.62 22.49 35.74 8.42 13.37 28.67 45.551987 -3.35 -5.17 .01 .01 1.76 2.72 29.00 44.78 8.57 13.23 36.00 55.581988 -3.95 -5.89 .12 .17 2.18 3.25 27.47 41.01 9.71 14.49 35.53 53.031989 -4.19 -6.03 .14 .20 2.24 3.22 35.32 50.81 10.85 15.60 44.35 63.801990 -4.42 -6.12 .02 .03 2.71 3.75 43.65 60.45 12.67 17.55 54.63 75.661991 -4.51 -6.03 .04 .06 2.90 3.88 36.87 49.32 8.52 11.39 43.82 58.621992 -4.11 -5.37 .10 .13 3.47 4.54 38.52 50.33 7.72 10.08 45.70 59.711993 -2.83 -3.62 .11 .14 4.41 5.64 38.45 49.15 7.59 9.70 47.72 61.011994 -2.58 -3.23 .23 .29 4.50 5.63 38.43 48.12 7.78 9.74 48.37 60.551995 -3.24 -3.98 .27 .34 3.86 4.73 42.81 52.50 6.39 7.83 50.09 61.431996 -3.41 -4.11 .18 .22 5.33 6.42 54.37 65.44 11.01 13.26 67.49 81.221997 -3.13 -3.70 .20 .23 6.02 7.12 53.19 62.9049.37411.09 65.65 77.641998 -2.75 -3.22 .25 .29 5.82 6.81 36.36 42.52 7.33 8.58 47.00 54.971999 -1.85 -2.14 .20 .23 7.61 8.76 50.12 57.76 9.94 11.45 66.00 76.072000 -1.66 -1.88 .20 .23 13.94 15.72 89.41 100.86 19.65 22.16 121.53 137.102001 -1.13 -1.24 .08 .09 16.05 17.71 74.11 81.75 19.77 21.81 108.89 120.122002 -1.00 -1.09 .18 .20 10.85 11.78 79.16 85.93 14.87 16.14 104.06 112.962003 -.76 -.81 .17 .18 16.62 17.66 101.64 108.01 20.59 21.88 138.26 146.922004 -1.57 -1.63 1.12 1.16 19.54 20.19 135.75 140.28 30.38 31.40 185.23 191.412005 -1.93 -1.93 .63 .63 29.72 29.72 182.35 182.35 48.56 48.56 259.34 259.342006 -1.74 -1.69 .51 .49 23.86 23.10 224.30 217.23 47.24 45.75 294.17 284.892007 -2.42 -2.28 .35 .33 25.96R24.42 244.76R230.26 49.57R46.63 318.21R299.362008 -5.92 -5.45 1.47 1.35R26.40R24.30 351.27R323.39 36.89R33.96R410.10R377.562009 -4.55R-4.15 -.04 -.04R10.92R9.97R192.99R176.06R14.34R13.08R213.66R194.922010P-8.45P-7.64P.16P.14E11.19E10.11P258.74P233.82P10.07P9.10P271.71P245.541Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineralfuels.2See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.3In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.4There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of thecommodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion and greater than -0.005 billion.Notes:•Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates that the value of exportsisgreater than the value of imports.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.•Data on this table may not equal data on Table 3.7 minus data on Table 3.8 duetoindependent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.Sources: Tables 3.7 and 3.8.Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and RefiningCrude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production Dry Natural Gas Production Coal Productionby Major Energy Companies, 1974-2009 by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2009 by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2005Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Total Production, Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Refining Capacity and Output,1974-2009 1974-200986 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil andnatural gas producers and petroleum refiners thatform the Financial Reporting System (FRS).See http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.Source: Table 3.10.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200502468 Million Barrels per Day1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200503691215

Trillion Cubic Feet1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050100200300400

Million Short TonsDry Natural GasNote: Expanded coverage of refiningin 1998 Financial Reporting System.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050255075100

Percent1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005010203040506070

PercentUraniumOutputCoalCapacityCrude Oil and Natural Gas LiquidsU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 87**T able 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2009** **Year Production** **Refining Crude Oil and** **Natural Gas Liquids**1**Dry Natural Gas**1**Coal**2**Uranium Capacity** 3**Output**4Million Barrelsper DayPercent ofU.S. TotalTrillionCubic FeetPercent ofU.S. TotalMillionShort TonsPercent ofU.S. TotalMillionPounds5Percent ofU.S. Total6Million Barrelsper DayPercent ofU.S. Total7Million Barrelsper DayPercent ofU.S. Total71974 5.9 56.0 11.6 56.1 87.4 14.3 NA NA 13.3 88.8 11.8 87.61975 5.6 56.1 11.0 57.4 88.1 13.5 4.3 18.6 13.4 88.2 12.0 87.41976 5.4 55.7 10.6 55.6 89.0 13.0 3.3 13.0 14.2 86.7 12.6 86.21977 5.5 55.3 10.3 53.6 89.1 12.8 16.0 53.4 14.6 85.6 13.5 85.01978 5.8 56.8 10.1 52.7 85.5 12.8 17.3 46.8 14.8 84.7 13.5 84.51979 5.7 56.3 9.9 50.3 123.3 15.8 16.7 44.7 14.4 79.9 13.2 83.91980 5.7 56.1 9.3 47.7 142.3 17.2 19.0 43.5 15.1 81.0 12.2 83.31981 5.7 55.8 9.2 47.8 154.8 18.8 14.5 37.7 14.6 81.4 11.2 80.31982 5.7 55.9 8.3 46.7 195.2 23.3 9.2 34.2 13.6 80.9 10.6 79.01983 5.6 55.1 7.4 45.8 185.2 23.7 6.6 31.4 13.0 80.6 10.3 78.71984 5.7 54.3 7.9 45.5 226.0 25.2 4.1 27.8 12.8 81.6 10.9 80.01985 5.8 54.9 7.3 44.6 230.4 26.1 2.1 18.9 12.6 81.6 10.8 78.91986 5.7 56.0 7.1 44.5 227.6 25.6 1.6 12.1 12.5 80.5 11.4 78.51987 5.7 57.0 7.2 43.4 255.3 27.8 NA NA 12.5 78.3 11.7 79.71988 5.5 56.2 7.7 45.1 285.3 30.0 NA NA 12.3 78.4 12.0 79.91989 5.2 57.2 7.5 43.2 286.9 29.3 NA NA 11.5 73.8 11.4 75.21990 5.0 55.8 7.6 42.6 282.0 27.4 NA NA 11.4 72.5 11.3 74.01991 5.0 54.9 7.5 42.4 289.6 29.1 NA NA 11.2 71.4 11.1 72.91992 4.8 53.9 7.9 44.2 251.9 25.3 .0 .0 11.0 72.4 11.0 71.41993 4.5 52.1 7.7 42.3 197.3 20.9 .0 .0 10.7 71.3 10.8 68.61994 4.4 52.1 8.0 42.5 179.7 17.4 .0 .0 10.6 69.0 10.8 68.51995 4.3 51.7 8.1 43.3 165.4 16.0 .0 .0 10.4 68.0 10.7 66.61996 4.2 50.5 8.2 43.4 169.4 15.9 .0 .0 10.5 67.8 11.0 67.11997 4.0 48.3 8.3 43.9 163.3 15.0 .0 .0 9.4 59.9 10.0 59.91998 3.8 47.5 8.4 44.1 73.9 6.6 .0 .0814.3887.8814.9887.71999 3.6 46.3 8.0 42.4 44.0 4.0 .0 .0 14.2 85.7 14.5 85.62000 3.5 44.8 8.3 43.5 34.6 3.2 .0 .0 14.4 86.9 14.4 83.62001 3.7 48.7 8.8 45.1 31.3 2.8 .0 .0 15.2 90.3 14.9 86.42002 3.7 48.4 8.7 46.0 27.8 2.5 .0 .0 14.2 84.7 14.7 85.02003 3.5 47.3 8.3 43.7 16.8 1.6 .0 .0 14.3 84.5 14.6 83.42004 3.3 45.7 8.2 44.0 18.1 1.6 .0 .0 14.4 84.1 15.1 84.72005 3.1 44.5 7.8 43.1 18.0 1.6 .0 .0 14.5 83.8 15.0 84.52006 2.9 43.1 7.9 42.8 NA NA .0 .0 14.7 84.0 14.7 81.92007 2.8 41.6 8.4 43.4 NA NA .0 .0 14.1 80.1 14.2 78.72008 2.8 41.1 8.7R43.4 NA NA .0 .0 14.9 84.2 14.5 80.02009 3.1 42.5 9.0 44.0 NA NA .0 .0 15.2 86.2 14.7 82.11Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless oftype of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty).2Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.3Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.4Includes refinery output at own refineries for own account and at others’ refineries for own account.5Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.6Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.7The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals donot include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.8There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage ofthe FRS.R=Revised. NA=Not available.Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crudeoil and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.Sources:**Production and Refining:**•1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1998.•1977 forward—EIA,Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers,annual reports.**Percent of U.S. Total:**Tables 5.1, 5.8,5.9, 6.1, 7.1, and 9.3.Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net IncomeTotal, 1974-2009 Petroleum by Location, 1977-2009U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2009 Foreign Petroleum, 1977-200988 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Beginning in 2003, includes International Marine.Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil andnatural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).See http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.Source: Table 3.11.United States1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005050100150

Billion Dollars11980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005-1001020304050-10

Billion Dollars11980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050102030405060-5

Billion Dollars1Foreign1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005010203040506070

Billion Dollars1Crude Oil andNatural GasProductionRefining and MarketingRateRegulatedPipelinesCrude Oil andNatural GasProductionRefiningandMarketing2International MarineU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 89**T able 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2009** (Billion Dollars1)**Year Petroleum** 2**Down stream** **Natural Gas** 2,3**Electric Power** **Coal Other** **Energy**4**Non Energy** **Total**5**United States Foreign** **Total Petroleum** **Crude Oil and Natural Gas** **Production Refining** **and Marketing** **Rate Regulated** **Pipelines Total** **Crude Oil and Natural Gas** **Production Refining** **and Marketing** **Inter national** **Marine Total** 1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 13.61975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 10.31976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 12.01977 6.4 1.5 .8 8.6 3.6 .7 .1 4.4 13.06( )7( ) .2 (s) 1.7 12.71978 6.7 1.6 1.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 -.1 5.2 14.76( )7( ) .1 -.1 1.8 13.91979 9.4 2.3 1.7 13.4 5.2 4.3 .1 9.7 23.06( )7( ) .3 -.1 2.8 23.51980 13.8 2.5 1.7 17.9 6.9 4.3 .1 11.2 29.16( )7( ) .3 (s) 2.3 31.01981 16.8 1.3 1.8 19.9 8.0 1.6 -.1 9.6 29.56( )7( ) .4 -.3 1.6 30.01982 14.1 1.9 2.3 18.3 6.1 .8 -.3 6.7 25.06( )7( ) .4 -.3 .4 21.81983 12.2 1.6 2.0 15.9 7.2 1.3 -.5 8.2 24.06( )7( ) .5 (s) 1.8 21.91984 13.3 .1 2.5 15.8 7.5 .7 -.4 7.8 23.66( )7( ) .6 -.1 2.9 21.31985 12.1 2.3 2.3 16.7 8.0 .5 -.4 8.1 24.86( )7( ) .4 -.3 2.5 17.41986 .9 1.6 2.6 5.2 4.7 2.9 .1 7.7 12.96( )7( ) .2 (s) 2.8 9.21987 4.7 1.1 2.6 8.4 5.4 1.0 -.1 6.4 14.86( )7( ) .4 (s) 7.1 11.31988 3.2 5.4 2.0 10.6 4.3 2.4 .1 6.9 17.56( )7( ) .6 -.1 10.8 22.31989 3.1 4.5 1.9 9.5 4.7 1.8 .2 6.7 16.26( )7( ) .4 -.1 8.7 19.81990 8.7 2.2 2.1 12.9 7.4 2.8 .2 10.5 23.46( )7( ) .3 .1 4.3 21.61991 5.1 .9 2.0 7.9 5.4 4.1 .3 9.8 17.76( )7( ) .6 .1 1.6 14.71992 5.6 -.2 2.1 7.5 4.7 2.2 (s) 6.9 14.46( )7( ) -.5 .1 1.2 1.81993 4.8 1.7 1.6 8.1 5.2 3.2 (s) 8.4 16.56( )7( ) .4 .1 2.7 15.51994 4.8 1.8 1.8 8.5 4.0 2.0 (s) 5.9 14.46( )7( ) .2 .2 6.2 16.51995 3.7 .5 2.2 6.4 5.9 2.4 (s) 8.3 14.76( )7( ) .3 .2 12.6 21.11996 11.8 2.3 1.6 15.7 9.2 2.0 (s) 11.2 26.96( )7( ) .5 .2 8.0 32.01997 11.6 3.1 1.3 16.0 9.6 3.6 .1 13.3 29.36( )7( ) .3 .3 6.3 32.11998 .5 5.9 1.4 7.8 2.0 2.9 .1 5.1 12.86( )7( ) .5 .9 1.8 12.51999 7.4 4.9 2.4 14.8 8.2 1.9 (s) 10.1 24.86( )7( ) .2 .7 2.8 22.92000 21.9 7.7 2.3 31.8 18.5 2.9 (s) 21.4 53.36( )7( ) (s) 2.7 3.6 53.22001 17.6 12.0 3.3 32.9 14.6 3.1 .2 17.8 50.86( )7( ) .1 2.0 -2.7 37.72002 15.0 -1.4 1.7 15.4 12.9 -.4 (s) 12.5 27.96( )7( ) (s) -1.5 1.8 20.62003222.627.42.8230.9221.32,82.98( )224.3255.1 3.6 1.07( ) .1 .9 57.42004 30.1R15.0 .4R45.5 28.68,R6.98( ) 35.5R81.0 3.3 .67( ) 1.1 4.2 81.12005 40.5R20.7 .5R61.7 48.787.88( ) 56.5R118.2 2.2 .47( ) 1.0 4.2 119.22006 41.8R24.0 .2R66.0 51.487.58( ) 58.9R125.8 3.7 1.27( ) .6 6.2 131.42007 40.1R22.0 .3R62.3 47.08,R9.18( ) 56.2R118.5 8.8 -1.67( ) .8 5.6 124.82008 32.3R3.0 .2R35.6 39.8811.18( )R50.8R86.4 3.5 9.37( ) -.3 -2.4 86.92009 10.6 -9.4 .5 1.7 31.082.68( ) 33.6 35.3 6.7 -1.87( ) .2 1.3 29.51Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.3"Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.4Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.5Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes).6Included in "Petroleum."7Included in "Other Energy."8"International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -0.05 billion.Notes:•"Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil andnatural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.•"Net income" is operating income plus otherincome and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, interest charges, other deductions, andextraordinary deductions.•"Eliminations" are revenues and expenses resulting from transactionsbetween segments of the energy industry. Consolidated company accounts do not include intersegmentrevenues and expenses. Therefore, such intersegment transactions must be eliminated.•"Nontraceables" are energy companies’ revenues, costs, assays, and liabilities that cannot be directlyattributed to a type of business by use of a reasonable allocation method developed on the basisofoperating-level utilities.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.Sources:•1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "FinancialReporting System" database, November 1997.•1977 forward—EIA,Performance Profiles of MajorEnergy Producers,annual reports.Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ ProfitabilityTotal Profitability, 1974-2009 Petroleum Profitability by Location, 1977-2009U.S. Petroleum Profitability, 1977-2009 Foreign Petroleum Profitability, 1977-200990 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101From 2003 to 2009, data is included with “Foreign Refining and Marketing” to prevent disclosure.Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gasproducers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.Source: Table 3.12.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200505101520

Percent1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005-20-100102030-20

Percent1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005-40-30-20-10010203040-40

PercentForeignOperationsU.S.Operations1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005051015202530

PercentCrude Oil andNatural GasProductionRateRegulatedPipelinesRefiningandMarketingCrude Oil andNatural GasProductionRefiningandMarketingInternational Marine1U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 91**T able 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2009** (Percent)**Year Petroleum** 1**Down stream** **Natural Gas** 1,2**Electric Power** **Coal Other** **Energy**3**Non Energy** **Total United States** **Foreign Total** **Petroleum Crude Oil and** **Natural Gas Production** **Refining and** **Marketing Rate** **Regulated Pipelines** **Total Crude Oil and** **Natural Gas Production** **Refining and** **Marketing Inter** **national Marine** **Total**1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 14.61975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 9.71976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 10.01977 17.5 7.2 7.3 12.5 21.8 5.1 2.6 12.4 12.54( )5( ) 8.8 -2.6 7.1 9.41978 16.4 7.5 10.9 12.8 18.2 12.7 -1.0 13.6 13.14( )5( ) 4.1 -4.2 6.5 9.41979 18.2 9.8 15.1 15.5 23.8 29.1 2.6 23.1 18.04( )5( ) 6.3 -3.7 8.8 13.81980 20.9 9.8 15.1 17.5 25.1 26.4 2.4 23.0 19.24( )5( ) 5.6 -.7 5.9 15.31981 20.2 4.4 15.6 16.1 25.5 9.0 -1.1 17.7 16.64( )5( ) 6.1 -6.8 3.5 12.41982 14.0 6.0 20.8 12.7 17.4 4.7 -6.3 11.8 12.54( )5( ) 4.4 -5.2 .6 7.71983 11.3 4.8 16.6 10.3 19.6 7.7 -13.2 14.1 11.34( )5( ) 5.0 .5 2.9 7.41984 10.8 .3 20.8 9.4 18.8 4.5 -14.0 13.3 10.44( )5( ) 6.2 -1.8 4.8 6.91985 9.5 6.5 15.0 9.4 20.0 3.3 -19.0 13.8 10.54( )5( ) 4.6 -8.4 4.2 5.51986 .8 4.5 13.2 3.0 11.6 16.3 5.3 12.8 5.54( )5( ) 2.7 -.8 5.1 3.01987 4.1 2.9 12.8 4.9 12.4 4.7 -3.6 9.5 6.24( )5( ) 5.1 .5 12.2 3.61988 2.8 14.7 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.9 7.34( )5( ) 6.7 -2.5 20.3 7.21989 2.9 11.5 10.2 5.8 8.9 8.0 12.4 8.7 6.74( )5( ) 5.0 -2.3 17.3 6.41990 8.5 5.1 11.2 7.9 13.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 9.54( )5( ) 3.3 2.6 7.8 6.81991 5.1 2.0 10.7 4.9 9.1 14.6 15.6 11.0 7.04( )5( ) 8.7 2.8 2.9 4.51992 5.9 -.4 8.4 4.4 8.2 7.8 -1.2 7.9 5.64( )5( ) -9.3 1.8 2.1 .51993 5.3 3.4 6.4 4.9 8.6 10.6 1.2 9.2 6.44( )5( ) 7.6 4.1 4.7 4.71994 5.5 3.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 6.1 -2.0 6.2 5.64( )5( ) 4.0 4.8 10.5 4.91995 4.4 1.0 9.1 4.0 9.3 7.2 -2.5 8.4 5.74( )5( ) 6.9 6.1 19.4 6.21996 14.1 4.4 6.9 9.9 12.8 6.0 2.2 10.6 10.14( )5( ) 9.9 7.9 15.0 9.51997 12.5 6.6 6.7 10.0 12.5 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.84( )5( ) 7.2 7.0 10.9 9.21998 .5 7.9 4.4 3.8 2.2 8.2 8.9 4.0 3.94( )5( ) 26.4 13.2 4.5 3.21999 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 8.5 5.1 .8 7.6 7.24( )5( ) 9.5 7.6 5.8 5.62000 17.7 9.6 6.0 13.2 17.1 8.7 6.4 15.1 13.94( )5( ) 1.7 11.0 7.3 11.42001 13.1 14.5 9.7 13.1 11.2 9.5 25.9 10.9 12.24( )5( ) 9.0 9.0 -6.6 7.72002 10.5 -1.7 5.2 6.0 9.2 -1.1 -6.2 7.2 6.54( )5( ) -8.5 -6.8 4.7 4.12003116.519.3111.5113.7114.21,6,R8.06( )113.0113.4 8.8 5.25( ) 2.8 2.4 10.92004 20.0R18.4 4.4 18.9 17.16,R18.16( ) 17.3R18.1 5.9 3.15( ) 24.7 10.7 14.02005 22.5R23.2 5.8R22.2 26.36,R21.06( )R25.4 23.7 4.0 1.75( ) 22.2 11.6 19.02006 18.2R25.3R2.6R19.8 23.7618.66( ) 22.9R21.3 5.7 5.65( ) 11.1 14.6 17.92007 15.2R21.2R2.8R16.6 18.86,R21.66( ) 19.2R17.7 15.6 -32.55( ) 6.0 12.5 15.62008 10.7R2.4 2.4R8.1 16.36,R26.26( ) 17.8R11.9 5.17181.45( ) -2.1 -5.3 9.92009 3.5 -6.6 4.7 .4 11.065.86( ) 10.3 4.5 9.6 -32.05( ) 5.1 2.8 3.21Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.2"Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.3Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.4Included in "Petroleum."5Included in "Other Energy."6"International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.7Reflects unusually profitable electric power trading operations by survey respondents.R=Revised. NA=Not available.Notes:•"Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil andnatural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.•Data are for return on investment,measured as net income divided by net investment in place. "Net income" is operating income plus otherincome and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, interest charges, other deductions, andextraordinary deductions. "Net investment in place" is net property, plant, and equipment plus investmentsand advances to unconsolidated affiliates.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.Sources:•1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "FinancialReporting System" database, October 1996.•1977 forward—EIA,Performance Profiles of Major EnergyProducers,annual reports.Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006Petroleum Activities Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total Share of U.S. Total Production by Fuel TypeDry Natural Gas Production Coal Production Expenditures for Exploration andDevelopment of Uranium92 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Crude oil and natural gas liquids.2Natural gas liquids.3Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Source: Table 3.13.1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050246 Million Barrels per Day1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005010203040

Percent1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005020406080100

Percent1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050.00.61.21.82.4

Trillion Cubic Feet1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050100200300400

Million Short Tons1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200501020304050

Million Dollars3RefiningCapacitySales ofMotor GasolineUraniumCrude Oiland NGL2Sales ofMotor GasolineRefiningCapacityProduction1Production1Dry Natural GasCoalU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 93**T able 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006** **Year Production** **Refining Capacity**1**Sales of Motor Gasoline** **Expenditures for Exploration and** **Development of Uranium Crude Oil and** **Natural Gas Liquids Dry Natural Gas** **Coal Uranium** ThousandBarrelsper DayPercent ofU.S. TotalBillionCubic FeetPercent ofU.S. TotalMillionShort TonsPercent ofU.S. TotalThousandPounds2Percent ofU.S. Total3ThousandBarrelsper DayPercent ofU.S. TotalThousandBarrelsper DayPercent ofU.S. TotalMillionDollars4Percent ofU.S. Total1978 1,076 10.5 783 3.9 24 3.1 NA NA 1,895 10.9 1,066 13.6 39 12.51979 1,145 11.3 786 4.0 29 3.8 NA NA 1,984 11.0 948 13.5 34 10.81980 1,280 12.6 776 4.0 31 3.8 NA NA 2,066 11.1 926 14.1 38 14.11981 1,438 14.1 1,080 5.6 106 12.9 NA NA 2,595 14.5 1,114 16.9 25 17.01982 1,421 13.9 1,055 5.9 138 16.6 NA NA 2,423 14.4 1,092 16.7 15 19.81983 1,325 12.9 924 5.8 128 16.5 NA NA 2,337 14.4 1,022 15.4 5 13.01984 1,365 12.9 1,075 6.2 153 17.3 NA NA 2,276 14.5 1,066 15.9 7 24.91985 1,455 13.7 1,093 6.7 147 16.8 NA NA 2,656 17.2 1,285 18.8 6 27.91986 1,523 14.8 1,276 8.0 146 16.5 NA NA 3,133 20.1 1,565 22.2 12 54.31987 1,614 16.1 1,318 8.0 181 19.8 NA NA 3,342 21.0 1,586 22.0 12 60.41988 1,659 16.9 1,392 8.1 195 20.6 NA NA 3,356 21.4 1,673 22.8 9 44.21989 1,553 16.8 1,452 8.4 207 21.2 NA NA 4,243 27.2 2,084 28.4 6 41.21990 1,481 16.5 1,457 8.2 254 24.7 NA NA 4,379 27.9 2,282 31.5 3 14.61991 1,469 16.0 1,360 7.7 238 24.0 NA NA 4,312 27.5 2,299 32.0 4 19.71992 1,392 15.5 1,368 7.7 259 26.0 NA NA 4,256 28.1 2,369 32.6 8 55.21993 1,299 14.7 1,451 8.0 254 27.0 NA NA 4,440 29.5 2,362 31.6 9 76.01994 1,261 14.6 1,439 7.7 295 28.6 NA NA 4,479 29.2 2,346 30.9 2 51.01995 1,103 12.8 1,191 6.4 316 30.7 NA NA 4,164 27.1 2,204 29.0 2 35.01996 1,105 12.8 1,265 6.7 332 31.2 NA NA 4,050 26.2 2,145 26.5 4 44.01997 1,028 11.9 1,332 7.0 327 30.0 NA NA 3,637 23.0 1,998 24.4 4 14.01998 1,149 13.7 1,881 10.1 199 17.8 NA NA 4,940 30.4 2,721 32.4 (s) 1.01999 1,118 13.8 1,805 9.6 300 27.253,745581.2 4,877 29.5 2,737 32.0 W W2000 1,027 12.7 2,112 11.0 284 26.4 3,443 87.0 4,831 29.1 2,971 35.3 W W2001 994 13.0 2,167 11.0 302 26.8 2,440 92.5 4,797 28.6 3,027 35.1 W W2002 1,214 15.9 2,344 12.4 291 26.6 2,280 97.3 4,733 28.2 3,090 35.0 W W2003 1,147 15.5 2,331 12.2 289 27.0 2,0246NM 4,761 28.2 2,914 33.0 NA NA2004 1,073 14.8 2,140 11.4 155 13.9 2,000 87.6 4,683 27.3 2,900 32.7 NA NA2005 970 14.0 2,031 11.3 160 14.1 2,147 79.8 4,942 28.5 2,845 31.6 NA NA2006 888 13.0 1,960 10.6 158 13.6 2,980 72.6 4,844 27.8 NA NA NA NA1Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.2Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.3Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.4Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.5Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999.6Total U.S. uranium production is slightly below that of the foreign-affiliated companies shown in thistable. The U.S. data were rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoiddisclosure of individual company data.Notes:•2007 data for this table were not available in time for publication.•For data updates, seehttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/finance/fdi/index.html.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.Sources:•1978—U.S. Department of Energy,Secretary’s Annual Report to Congress,(September1983).•1979-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Profiles of Foreign Direct InvestmentinU.S. Energy,annual reports.•1993-1996—EIA,Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers,annualreports.•1997 forward—EIA,Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. Energy,annual reports.4. Energy ResourcesFigure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Total Technically Dry Natural Gas, Total Technically Recoverable ResourcesRecoverable ResourcesCrude Oil and Lease Condensate by Type Dry Natural Gas by Type96 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 201052%26%22%48 States Onshore48 States OffshoreAlaska20%11%11%57%48 States Onshore Gas48 States Offshore GasAlaskaTight Gas, Shale Gas, and CoalbedMethaneTotal219 billion barrelsReserves UnprovedResourcesTechnicallyRecoverableResourcesTotal2,543 trillion cubic feet21198219Proved Total Total050100150200250

Billion Barrels2452,2992,543Proved Total Total05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Trillion Cubic FeetReserves TechnicallyRecoverableReservesUnprovedResourcesNote: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding. Source: Table 4.1.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 97**T able 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008** **Region Proved Reserves** **Unproved Resources Total Technically** **Recoverable Resources Inferred Reserves** 1**Undiscovered Resources Total Unproved** **Crude Oil and Lease Condensate**(billion barrels)48 States Onshore ........................................................ 12.7 50.1 51.1 101.2 113.948 States Offshore ........................................................ 4.3 10.3 42.7 53.0 57.4Alaska ........................................................................... 3.5 2.1 42.0 44.1 47.6**Total U.S.**.....................................................................**20.6 62.5 135.8 198.3 218.9 Dry Natural Gas** 2(trillion cubic feet)**Conventionally Reservoired Fields**3.......................**102.8 312.2 673.0 985.3 1,088.0**48 States Onshore Gas4......................................... 78.7 236.1 197.8 433.9 512.548 States Offshore Gas5......................................... 16.4 51.3 217.7 269.1 285.5Alaska ....................................................................... 7.7 24.8 257.5 282.3 290.0**Tight Gas, Shale Gas, and Coalbed Methane**.........**141.9 1,208.1 105.3 1,313.4 1,455.3 Total U.S.** ....................................................................**244.7 1,520.3 778.3 2,298.6 2,543.3**1Inferred reserves (reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a knowncrude oil or natural gas reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the timebetween discovery and permanent abandonment.2Natural gas plant liquids are not included.3Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gasusually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.4Includes associated-dissolved (AD) natural gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas(associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved).5Includes Federal offshore and State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under Statejurisdiction).Notes:•Data are at end of year.•"Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producibleusing current technology without reference to the economic viability thereof.•Resources in areas wheredrilling is officially prohibited are not included. Estimates of the resources in the Northern Atlantic, Northernand Central Pacific, and within a 50-mile buffer off the Mid and Southern Atlantic OCS are also excludedfrom the technically recoverable volumes.•"48 States" is the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources:**Proved Reserves:**U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Statistics.Table values reflect the removal of intervening reserve additions between the date of the last availableassessment and December 31, 2008.**Inferred Reserves:**EIA, Office of Energy Analysis.**Undiscovere d** **Onshore, State Offshore, and Alaska:**National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team, United StatesGeological Survey with adjustments made to shale gas by Intek, Inc., and the EIA, Office of EnergyAnalysis, Oil and Gas Production Analysis Team.**Undiscovered Federal (Outer Continental Shel f)** **Offshore:**Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement.Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated UltimateRecovery, 1977-2009Crude Oil Natural Gas (Dry)Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed98 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes lease condensate. Source: Table 4.2.Natural Gas (Dry)Cumulative ProductionCrude OilCumulative ProductionNatural Gas (Dry)Proved ReservesCrude OilProved Reserves1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007050100150200250

Index: 1977=1001977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 200702004006008001,0001,2001,400

Trillion Cubic Feet1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007050100150200250

Billion BarrelsCumulative ProductionCumulative ProductionProved ReservesProved ReservesEstimatedUltimate RecoveryEstimatedUltimate RecoveryU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 99**T able 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery,** **1977-2009 Year** **Crude Oil and Lease Condensate**1**Natural Gas (Dry) Cumulative Production** **Proved Reserves**2**Estimated Ultimate Recovery**3**Cumulative Production Proved Reserves** 4**Estimated Ultimate Recovery**3Billion BarrelsTrillion Cubic Feet1977 118.1 31.8 149.9 514.4 207.4 721.91978 121.3 31.4 152.6 533.6 208.0 741.61979 124.4 31.2 155.6 553.2 201.0 754.21980 127.5 31.3 158.9 572.6 199.0 771.61981 130.7 31.0 161.7 591.8 201.7 793.51982 133.8 29.5 163.3 609.6 201.5 811.11983 137.0 29.3 166.3 625.7 200.2 826.01984 140.2 30.0 170.2 643.2 197.5 840.71985 143.5 29.9 173.4 659.6 193.4 853.01986 146.7 28.3 175.0 675.7 191.6 867.31987 149.7 28.7 178.4 692.3 187.2 879.51988 152.7 28.2 180.9 709.4 168.0 877.41989 155.5 27.9 183.4 726.7 167.1 893.91990 158.2 27.6 185.7 744.5 169.3 913.91991 160.9 25.9 186.8 762.2 167.1 929.31992 163.5 25.0 188.5 780.1 165.0 945.11993 166.0 24.1 190.2 798.2 162.4 960.61994 168.4 23.6 192.0 817.0 163.8 980.81995 170.8 23.5 194.4 835.6 165.1 1,000.71996 173.2 23.3 196.5 854.5 166.5 1,020.91997 175.6 23.9 199.4 873.4 167.2 1,040.61998 177.8 22.4 200.2 892.4 164.0 1,056.41999 180.0 23.2 203.1 911.2 167.4 1,078.62000 182.1 23.5 205.6 930.4 177.4 1,107.82001 184.2 23.8 208.1 950.0 183.5 1,133.52002 186.3 24.0 210.4 968.9 186.9 1,155.92003 188.4 23.1 211.5 988.0 189.0 1,177.12004 190.4 22.6 213.0 1,006.6 192.5 1,199.12005 192.3 23.0 215.3R1,024.7 204.4R1,229.12006 194.1R22.3R216.4R1,043.2 211.1R1,254.32007R196.0 22.8R218.8R1,062.4 237.7R1,300.22008R197.8 20.6R218.3R1,082.6 244.7R1,327.32009 199.8 22.3 222.1 1,103.2 272.5 1,375.71Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas streamat a lease or field separation facility.2See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil" and "Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate" in Glossary.3"Estimated ultimate recovery" (EUR) is the sum of the estimate of proved reserves at a specific timeand cumulative production up to that time.4See "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas" in Glossary.R=Revised.Note: Data are at end of year.Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for relatedinformation.Sources:**Cumulative Production:**Calculated from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports andNatural Gas Annual,annual reports.**Proved Reserve s:** •1977-2000—EIA,U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves,annual reports.•2001-2009—EIA,Summary: U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves2009(November 2010), Table 7.**Estimated Ultimate Recovery:**Calculated as the sum of cumulativeproduction and proved reserves.Figure 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved ReservesTotal, 1949-2009 By Type, 2009By Type, 1949-2009100 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101COE=crude oil equivalent.2 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in “Natural GasLiquids”; otherwise, lease condensate is included in “Crude Oil.”Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petroleum Institute. AGA=American GasAssociation. EIA=U.S. Energy Information Administration.Source: Table 4.3.EIA DataAPI and AGA Data: 1949-1979EIA Data: 1977-2009Crude Oil2Natural GasNatural Gas Liquids21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000255075100

Billion Barrels COE1API andAGA Data48217Natural Gas Crude Oil2 Natural Gas Liquids20102030405060

Billion Barrels COE11950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050204060

Billion Barrels COE1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 101**T able 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2009** **Year Crude Oil** 1**Natural Gas (Dry) Natural Gas Liquids** 1**Total**Billion BarrelsTrillion Cubic Feet2Billion Barrels COE3Billion BarrelsBillion Barrels COE3Billion Barrels COE3**American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data**1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 59.71950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 61.71955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 74.11960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 83.81965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 88.61970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 96.61971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 93.21972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 88.51973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 84.11974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 80.81975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 77.51976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 73.61977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 70.61978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 67.31979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 65.5**U.S. Energy Information Administration Data**1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA NA1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 5.0 73.01979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.9 70.11980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 5.0 70.01981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 70.41982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.3 68.81983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 69.01984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 69.01985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 68.51986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.8 66.71987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 66.31988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 62.41989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 61.71990 26.3 169.3 30.0 7.6 5.4 61.71991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 59.61992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 58.31993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 56.81994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.0 56.51995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.2 56.81996 22.0 166.5 29.4 7.8 5.5 56.91997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 57.71998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 55.51999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 56.92000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 59.22001 22.4 183.5 32.5 8.0 5.6 60.52002 22.7 186.9 33.1 8.0 5.6 61.32003 21.9 189.0 33.5 7.5 5.2 60.62004 21.4 192.5 34.1 7.9 5.5 60.92005 21.8 204.4 36.2 8.2 5.6 63.62006 21.0 211.1 37.4 8.5 5.8 64.22007 21.3 237.7 42.2 9.1 6.3 69.82008 19.1 244.7 43.3 9.3 6.4 68.82009 20.7 272.5 48.2 10.2 7.0 75.81To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."2The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of naturalgas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage.3Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry productionapproximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heatcontent (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE bymultiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) andthen dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are convertedto COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.NA=Not available.Notes:•Data are at end of year.•See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, NaturalGas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:**American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data:**American PetroleumInstitute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum Association (published jointly),ReservesofCrude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United States and Canada as of December 31,1979,Volume 34 (June 1980).**U.S. Energy Information Administration Data:**•1977-2008—EIA,U.S.Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves,annual reports.•2009—EIA,Summary: U.S.Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2009(November 2010), Tables 7 and 17.Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in OperationBy Site, 1949-2010By Site, 2010By Type, 1949-2010By Type1, 2010102 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, suchas service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown.Source: Table 4.4.1,51431Onshore Offshore05001,0001,5002,000

Number of Rigs1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010012345

Thousand RigsPeak: 3,970 rigs in 1981TotalOffshoreOnshore1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010012345 Thousand RigsNatural GasTotal943591Natural Gas Crude Oil02505007501,000

Number of RigsCrudeOilU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 103**T able 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Number of Rigs)**Year By Site** **By Type Total** 1**Onshore Offshore** **Crude Oil Natural Gas** 1949 NA NA NA NA 2,0171950 NA NA NA NA 2,1541955 NA NA NA NA 2,6861960 NA NA NA NA 1,7481965 NA NA NA NA 1,3881970 NA NA NA NA 1,0281975 1,554 106 NA NA 1,6601976 1,529 129 NA NA 1,6581977 1,834 167 NA NA 2,0011978 2,074 185 NA NA 2,2591979 1,970 207 NA NA 2,1771980 2,678 231 NA NA 2,9091981 3,714 256 NA NA 3,9701982 2,862 243 NA NA 3,1051983 2,033 199 NA NA 2,2321984 2,215 213 NA NA 2,4281985 1,774 206 NA NA 1,9801986 865 99 NA NA 9641987 841 95 NA NA 9361988 813 123 554 354 9361989 764 105 453 401 8691990 902 108 532 464 1,0101991 779 81 482 351 8601992 669 52 373 331 7211993 672 82 373 364 7541994 673 102 335 427 7751995 622 101 323 385 7231996 671 108 306 464 7791997 821 122 376 564 9431998 703 123 264 560 8271999 519 106 128 496 6252000 778 140 197 720 9182001 1,003 153 217 939 1,1562002 717 113 137 691 8302003 924 108 157 872 1,0322004 1,095 97 165 1,025 1,1922005 1,287 94 194 1,184 1,3812006 1,559 90 274 1,372 1,6492007 1,695 72 297 1,466 1,7682008 1,814 65 379 1,491 1,8792009 1,046 44 278 801 1,0892010 1,514 31 591 943 1,5461Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling formiscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.NA=Not available.Notes:•Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive wholeweeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year.•Geographic coverage is the 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginning in 1949.Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas,Rotary Rigs Running—By State.Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development WellsTotal Wells Drilled, 1949-2010 Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2010 Successful Wells, 1949-2010Wells Drilled, 2010 Footage Drilled, 2010 Average Depth, 2010104 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Data are for exploratory and development wells combined. Sources: Tables 4.5–4.7.Total11950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100255075100

Thousand Wells1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201001020304050

Thousand Wells1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010020406080100

PercentTotal1DevelopmentExploratoryDevelopmentExploratoryNaturalGas WellsCrudeOil WellsDry Holes19.419.14.918.617.83.50.81.31.3Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes0510152025

Thousand WellsExploratoryDevelopmentTotal1101582510414917698Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes050100150200

Million FeetExploratoryDevelopmentTotal15.78.35.25.68.44.98.16.86.0Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes0369

Thousand Feet per WellExploratoryDevelopmentTotal1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 105**T able 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Wells Drilled** **Successful Wells** **Footage Drilled**1**Average Footage Drilled Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total**NumberPercentThousand FeetFeet per Well1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 3,698 3,473 3,6351950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 3,979 3,445 3,7421955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 4,672 4,161 4,1011960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 5,486 4,248 4,2131965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 5,562 4,723 4,5101970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 5,860 5,265 4,9431975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 5,470 5,073 4,6611976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 5,220 5,014 4,5771977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 5,254 5,120 4,7081978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 77,041 75,841 85,788 238,669 4,017 5,262 5,183 4,7601979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 5,275 5,071 4,6891980 32,959 17,461 20,785 71,205 70.8 125,262 92,106 99,575 316,943 3,801 5,275 4,791 4,4511981 43,887 20,250 27,953 92,090 69.6 172,167 108,353 134,934 415,454 3,923 5,351 4,827 4,5111982 39,459 19,076 26,379 84,914 68.9 149,674 107,149 123,746 380,569 3,793 5,617 4,691 4,4821983 37,366 14,684 24,355 76,405 68.1 136,849 78,108 105,222 320,179 3,662 5,319 4,320 4,1911984 42,906 17,338 25,884 86,128 69.9 162,653 91,480 119,860 373,993 3,791 5,276 4,631 4,3421985 35,261 14,324 21,211 70,796 70.0 137,728 76,293 100,388 314,409 3,906 5,326 4,733 4,4411986 19,213 8,599 12,799 40,611 68.5 76,825 45,039 60,961 182,825 3,999 5,238 4,763 4,5021987 16,210 8,096 11,167 35,473 68.5 66,358 42,584 53,588 162,530 4,094 5,260 4,799 4,5821988 13,646 8,578 10,119 32,343 68.7 58,639 45,363 52,517 156,519 4,297 5,288 5,190 4,8391989 10,230 9,522 8,236 27,988 70.6 43,266 49,081 42,099 134,446 4,229 5,154 5,112 4,8041990R12,839R11,246R8,245R32,330 74.5R56,611R57,075R42,538R156,224R4,409R5,075R5,159R4,8321991R12,588R9,793R7,481R29,862 74.9R56,259R51,081R37,857R145,197R4,469R5,216R5,060R4,8621992R9,402R8,163R5,862R23,427 75.0R45,817R44,813R29,477R120,107R4,873R5,490R5,028R5,1271993R8,856R9,839R6,096R24,791 75.4R44,324R58,384R31,117R133,825R5,005R5,934R5,104R5,3981994R7,348R9,375R5,096R21,819 76.6R38,675R58,439R27,828R124,942R5,263R6,233R5,461R5,7261995R8,248R8,082R4,814R21,144 77.2R41,146R49,840R26,397R117,383R4,989R6,167 5,483R5,5521996R8,836R9,027 4,890R22,753 78.5R42,517R56,250R27,884R126,651R4,812R6,231R5,702R5,5661997R11,206R11,498 5,874R28,578 79.4R56,451R71,551R33,741R161,743R5,038R6,223R5,744R5,6601998R7,682R11,639R4,761R24,082 80.2R38,683R70,375R28,585R137,643R5,036R6,046R6,004R5,7161999R4,805R12,027R3,550R20,382R82.6R22,025R60,382R20,659R103,066R4,584R5,021R5,819R5,0572000R8,090R17,051R4,146R29,287 85.8R36,798R83,697R24,101R144,596R4,549R4,909R5,813R4,9372001R8,888R22,072R4,598R35,558 87.1R43,213R110,787R26,279R180,279R4,862R5,019R5,715R5,0702002R6,775R17,342R3,754R27,871R86.5R30,981R93,174R21,221R145,376R4,573R5,373R5,653R5,2162003R8,129R20,722R3,982R32,833 87.9R38,690R116,140R22,762R177,592R4,760R5,605R5,716R5,4092004R8,789R24,186R4,082R37,057 89.0R42,290R138,774R23,761R204,825R4,812R5,738R5,821R5,5272005R10,779R28,584R4,653R44,016 89.4R51,681R164,184R25,070R240,935R4,795R5,744R5,388R5,4742006ER13,224R32,760R5,138R51,122 89.9R63,085R191,716R27,531R282,332R4,770R5,852R5,358R5,5232007ER13,341R32,852R4,940R51,133R90.3R65,305R210,318R27,632R303,255R4,895R6,402R5,594R5,9312008ER16,791R33,339R5,398R55,528R90.3R85,143R231,847R28,858R345,848R5,071R6,954R5,346R6,2282009ER11,610R19,054R3,748R34,412R89.1R61,851R147,505R20,015R229,371R5,327R7,741R5,340R6,6652010E19,375 19,059 4,870 43,304 88.8 110,406 158,045 25,296 293,747 5,698 8,292 5,194 6,7831See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.2See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.3See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.4See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.R=Revised. E=Estimate.Notes:•Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wellsonly, and Table 4.7 for development wells only.•Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded.•For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company,World Oil,"Forecast-Review" issue.•1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API),Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the UnitedStates,annual summaries and monthly reports.•1970-1989—EIA computations based on well reportssubmitted to the API.•1990 forward—EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA,Monthly Energy Review,Table 5.2.Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well TypeExploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Type106 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7for development wells only.Source: Table 4.6.Dry Holes1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201003691215

Thousand Wells1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010020406080

Million FeetCrude Oil WellsNatural GasWellsCrude Oil WellsNatural Gas WellsDry HolesCrude OilWellsNatural Gas WellsDry Holes1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Thousand Feet Per Well1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Thousand Feet per WellU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 107**T able 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Wells Drilled** **Successful Wells** **Footage Drilled**1**Average Footage Drilled Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total**NumberPercentThousand FeetFeet per Well1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 5,682 3,658 3,8421950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 5,466 3,733 3,8981955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 5,964 4,498 4,6321960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 6,298 4,575 4,7701965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 7,295 5,007 5,1981970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 7,695 5,700 5,8851975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 6,748 5,674 5,8421976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 6,777 5,607 5,8251977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 6,625 5,605 5,7981978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 46,295 65,197 6,067 6,662 5,812 5,9781979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 6,630 5,716 5,9161980 1,777 2,099 9,081 12,957 29.9 10,177 13,862 50,249 74,288 5,727 6,604 5,533 5,7331981 2,651 2,522 12,400 17,573 29.4 15,515 17,079 69,214 101,808 5,853 6,772 5,582 5,7931982 2,437 2,133 11,307 15,877 28.8 13,413 14,763 60,680 88,856 5,504 6,921 5,367 5,5971983 2,030 1,605 10,206 13,841 26.3 10,437 10,264 48,989 69,690 5,141 6,395 4,800 5,0351984 2,209 1,528 11,321 15,058 24.8 12,294 9,935 58,624 80,853 5,565 6,502 5,178 5,3691985 1,680 1,200 8,954 11,834 24.3 9,854 8,144 47,604 65,602 5,865 6,787 5,317 5,5441986 1,084 797 5,567 7,448 25.3 6,579 5,401 30,325 42,305 6,069 6,777 5,447 5,6801987 926 756 5,052 6,734 25.0 5,652 5,064 26,746 37,462 6,104 6,698 5,294 5,5631988 855 747 4,711 6,313 25.4 5,286 4,992 27,079 37,357 6,182 6,683 5,748 5,9171989 607 706 3,934 5,247 25.0 3,659 4,664 21,947 30,270 6,028 6,606 5,579 5,7691990 778 811R3,652R5,241 30.3R5,321R5,758R20,757R31,836R6,839R7,100R5,684 6,0741991 673R649R3,191R4,513 29.3R4,470R4,620R18,049R27,139R6,642R7,118R5,656R6,0131992 571 513R2,384R3,468 31.3R3,958R3,544R13,058R20,560R6,932R6,908R5,477R5,9281993 539 610R2,334R3,483 33.0R3,573R3,960R13,472R21,005R6,629R6,491R5,772R6,0311994 595R782 2,247R3,624 38.0R3,971R5,129R13,307R22,407R6,674R6,559R5,922R6,1831995 570R558R2,024R3,152 35.8 3,933R3,497R11,928R19,358 6,900R6,266 5,893R6,1411996 489 576 1,956 3,021 35.3 3,654 3,901R12,137R19,692 7,472R6,773R6,205 6,5181997 491R562 2,113R3,166R33.3R3,947R4,036R13,490R21,473R8,039R7,181R6,384R6,7821998 327 566 1,590 2,483 36.0R2,740R4,093R10,842R17,675R8,379R7,231 6,819 7,1181999 197R570 1,157R1,924R39.9R1,433R3,992R7,687R13,112R7,274R7,003 6,644 6,8152000R288R657R1,341R2,286 41.3R2,103R4,812R9,173R16,088R7,302R7,325R6,840R7,0382001 357 1,052R1,733R3,142R44.8R2,618R7,327R11,470R21,415R7,333R6,965R6,619R6,8162002R258R844R1,282R2,384 46.2R1,743R5,731R8,695R16,169R6,756R6,791R6,782R6,7822003R350R997R1,297R2,644R50.9R2,448R6,584R8,817R17,849R6,994R6,604 6,798R6,7512004R383R1,671R1,350R3,404R60.3R3,124R9,989R9,345R22,458R8,157R5,978R6,922R6,5982005R539R2,135R1,462R4,136R64.7R4,279R12,198R9,396R25,873R7,939R5,713R6,427R6,2552006ER644R2,450R1,529R4,623R66.9R4,760R14,003R9,609R28,372R7,391R5,716R6,284R6,1372007ER825R2,777R1,585R5,187R69.4R5,944R15,616R10,136R31,696R7,205R5,623R6,395R6,1112008ER921R2,467R1,764R5,152R65.8R7,356R15,152R10,835R33,343R7,987R6,142R6,142R6,4722009ER618R1,290R1,157R3,065R62.3R4,856R9,254R7,053R21,163R7,858R7,173R6,096R6,9052010E778 1,269 1,322 3,369 60.8 6,319 8,639 7,932 22,890 8,122 6,808 6,000 6,7941See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.2See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.3See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.4See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.R=Revised. E=Estimate.Notes:•Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wellscombined, and Table 4.7 for development wells only.•For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed inagiven year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American PetroleumInstitute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a givenyear. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reportingof wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missingdata.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth may notequal average of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company,World Oil,"Forecast-Review" issue.•1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API),Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the UnitedStates,annual summaries and monthly reports.•1970-1989—EIA computations based on well reportssubmitted to the API.•1990 forward—EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA,Monthly Energy Review,Table 5.2.Figure 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010Development Wells Drilled by Well Type Development Footage Drilled by Well TypeDevelopment Wells Average Depth, All Wells Development Wells Average Depth by Well Type108 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Note: These graphs depict development wellsonly; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure4.6 for exploratory wells only.Source: Table 4.7.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201001020304050

Thousand Wells1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010050100150200250

Million FeetCrude Oil WellsDry HolesNaturalGasWellsCrude Oil WellsDry HolesNaturalGasWellsDry Holes1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Thousand Feet per Well1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Thousand Feet per WellNatural Gas WellsCrude Oil WellsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 109**T able 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Wells Drilled** **Successful Wells** **Footage Drilled**1**Average Footage Drilled Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total Crude Oil** 2**Natural Gas**3**Dry Holes**4**Total**NumberPercentThousand FeetFeet per Well1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 3,412 3,225 3,5681950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 3,766 3,077 3,6911955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 4,339 3,699 3,9041960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 5,321 3,889 4,0201965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 5,337 4,446 4,2881970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 5,644 4,714 4,6101975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 5,238 4,415 4,2851976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 4,960 4,439 4,2141977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 5,053 4,662 4,4041978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 69,936 64,043 39,493 173,472 3,883 5,066 4,600 4,4211979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 5,082 4,517 4,3741980 31,182 15,362 11,704 58,248 79.9 115,085 78,244 49,326 242,655 3,691 5,093 4,214 4,1661981 41,236 17,728 15,553 74,517 79.1 156,652 91,274 65,720 313,646 3,799 5,149 4,226 4,2091982 37,022 16,943 15,072 69,037 78.2 136,261 92,386 63,066 291,713 3,681 5,453 4,184 4,2251983 35,336 13,079 14,149 62,564 77.4 126,412 67,844 56,233 250,489 3,577 5,187 3,974 4,0041984 40,697 15,810 14,563 71,070 79.5 150,359 81,545 61,236 293,140 3,695 5,158 4,205 4,1251985 33,581 13,124 12,257 58,962 79.2 127,874 68,149 52,784 248,807 3,808 5,193 4,306 4,2201986 18,129 7,802 7,232 33,163 78.2 70,246 39,638 30,636 140,520 3,875 5,080 4,236 4,2371987 15,284 7,340 6,115 28,739 78.7 60,706 37,520 26,842 125,068 3,972 5,112 4,390 4,3521988 12,791 7,831 5,408 26,030 79.2 53,353 40,371 25,438 119,162 4,171 5,155 4,704 4,5781989 9,623 8,816 4,302 22,741 81.1 39,607 44,417 20,152 104,176 4,116 5,038 4,684 4,5811990R12,061R10,435R4,593R27,089 83.0R51,290R51,317R21,781R124,388R4,253R4,918R4,742R4,5921991R11,915R9,144R4,290R25,349R83.1R51,789R46,461R19,808R118,058R4,347R5,081R4,617R4,6571992R8,831R7,650R3,478R19,959 82.6R41,859R41,269R16,419R99,547R4,740R5,395R4,721R4,9871993R8,317R9,229R3,762R21,308 82.3R40,751R54,424R17,645R112,820R4,900 5,897R4,690R5,2941994R6,753R8,593R2,849R18,195 84.3R34,704R53,310R14,521R102,535R5,139R6,204 5,097R5,6351995R7,678 7,524 2,790R17,992 84.5R37,213R46,343R14,469R98,025R4,847R6,159R5,186R5,4481996R8,347R8,451 2,934R19,732 85.1R38,863R52,349R15,747R106,959R4,656R6,194R5,367R5,4201997R10,715R10,936 3,761R25,412 85.2R52,504R67,515R20,251R140,270R4,900R6,174R5,384R5,5201998R7,355R11,073R3,171R21,599 85.3R35,943R66,282R17,743R119,968R4,887R5,986R5,595R5,5541999R4,608R11,457R2,393R18,458 87.0R20,592R56,390R12,972R89,954R4,469R4,922R5,421R4,8732000 7,802R16,394R2,805R27,001 89.6R34,695R78,885R14,928R128,508R4,447R4,812R5,322R4,7592001R8,531R21,020R2,865R32,416 91.2R40,595R103,460R14,809R158,864R4,759R4,922R5,169R4,9012002R6,517R16,498R2,472R25,487R90.3R29,238R87,443R12,526R129,207R4,486R5,300R5,067R5,0692003R7,779R19,725R2,685R30,189 91.1R36,242R109,556R13,945R159,743R4,659R5,554R5,194R5,2912004R8,406R22,515R2,732R33,653 91.9R39,166R128,785R14,416R182,367R4,659R5,720R5,277R5,4192005R10,240R26,449R3,191R39,880 92.0R47,402R151,986R15,674R215,062R4,629R5,746R4,912R5,3932006ER12,580R30,310R3,609R46,499 92.2R58,325R177,713R17,922R253,960R4,636R5,863R4,966R5,4612007ER12,516R30,075R3,355R45,946R92.7R59,361R194,702R17,496R271,559R4,743R6,474R5,215R5,9102008ER15,870R30,872R3,634R50,376R92.8R77,787R216,695R18,023R312,505R4,902R7,019R4,960R6,2032009ER10,992R17,764R2,591R31,347R91.7R56,995R138,251R12,962R208,208R5,185R7,783R5,003R6,6422010E18,597 17,790 3,548 39,935 91.1 104,087 149,406 17,364 270,857 5,597 8,398 4,894 6,7821See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.2See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.3See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.4See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.R=Revised. E=Estimate.Notes:•Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wellscombined, and Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only.•Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded.•For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company,World Oil,"Forecast-Review" issue.•1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API),Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the UnitedStates,annual summaries and monthly reports.•1970-1989—EIA computations based on well reportssubmitted to the API.•1990 forward—EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA,Monthly Energy Review,Table 5.2.Figure 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells DrilledCosts per Well, All Wells, 1960-2008 Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2008Costs per Well by Well Type, 2008 Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2008110 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.2See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Source: Table 4.8.Real1Nominal2Real1Nominal21960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200501,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Thousand Dollars1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200502004006008001,000

Dollars7787011,214782Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All02004006008001,0001,2001,400

Nominal Dollars24,6245,2846,3315,136Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

Thousand Nominal Dollars2U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 111**T able 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, Selected Years, 1960-2008** **Year Thousand Dollars per Well** **Dollars per Foot Crude Oil** 1**Natural Gas**2**Dry Holes**3**All Crude Oil** 1**Natural Gas**2**Dry Holes**3**All Nominal** 4**Nominal**4**Nominal**4**Nominal**4**Real**5**Nominal**4**Nominal**4**Nominal**4**Nominal**4**Real**51960 52.2 102.7 44.0 54.9 295.4 13.22 18.57 10.56 13.01 69.961965 56.6 101.9 53.1 60.6 304.5 13.94 18.35 11.21 13.44 67.471966 62.2 133.8 56.9 68.4 333.9 15.04 21.75 12.34 14.95 72.981967 66.6 141.0 61.5 72.9 345.3 16.61 23.05 12.87 15.97 75.631968 79.1 148.5 66.2 81.5 370.1 18.63 24.05 12.88 16.83 76.461969 86.5 154.3 70.2 88.6 383.4 19.28 25.58 13.23 17.56 76.021970 86.7 160.7 80.9 94.9 390.2 19.29 26.75 15.21 18.84 77.481971 78.4 166.6 86.8 94.7 370.9 18.41 27.70 16.02 19.03 74.531972 93.5 157.8 94.9 106.4 399.6 20.77 27.78 17.28 20.76 77.951973 103.8 155.3 105.8 117.2 416.7 22.54 27.46 19.22 22.50 80.041974 110.2 189.2 141.7 138.7 452.4 27.82 34.11 26.76 28.93 94.351975 138.6 262.0 177.2 177.8 529.7 34.17 46.23 33.86 36.99 110.211976 151.1 270.4 190.3 191.6 539.9 37.35 49.78 36.94 40.46 114.011977 170.0 313.5 230.2 227.2 601.8 41.16 57.57 43.49 46.81 124.001978 208.0 374.2 281.7 280.0 692.9 49.72 68.37 52.55 56.63 140.171979 243.1 443.1 339.6 331.4 757.2 58.29 80.66 64.60 67.70 154.701980 272.1 536.4 376.5 367.7 770.0 66.36 95.16 73.70 77.02 161.301981 336.3 698.6 464.0 453.7 868.7 80.40 122.17 90.03 94.30 180.561982 347.4 864.3 515.4 514.4 928.3 86.34 146.20 104.09 108.73 196.221983 283.8 608.1 366.5 371.7 645.3 72.65 108.37 79.10 83.34 144.681984 262.1 489.8 329.2 326.5 546.2 66.32 88.80 67.18 71.90 120.301985 270.4 508.7 372.3 349.4 567.4 66.78 93.09 73.69 75.35 122.371986 284.9 522.9 389.2 364.6 579.3 68.35 93.02 76.53 76.88 122.151987 246.0 380.4 259.1 279.6 431.7 58.35 69.55 51.05 58.71 90.651988 279.4 460.3 366.4 354.7 529.5 62.28 84.65 66.96 70.23 104.841989 282.3 457.8 355.4 362.2 521.1 64.92 86.86 67.61 73.55 105.801990 321.8 471.3 367.5 383.6 531.3 69.17 90.73 67.49 76.07 105.361991 346.9 506.6 441.2 421.5 563.7 73.75 93.10 83.05 82.64 110.541992 362.3 426.1 357.6 382.6 499.9 69.50 72.83 67.82 70.27 91.821993 356.6 521.2 387.7 426.8 545.6 67.52 83.15 72.56 75.30 96.261994 409.5 535.1 491.5 483.2 605.0 70.57 81.90 86.60 79.49 99.521995 415.8 629.7 481.2 513.4 629.7 78.09 95.97 84.60 87.22 106.971996 341.0 616.0 541.0 496.1 597.1 70.60 98.67 95.74 88.92 107.021997 445.6 728.6 655.6 603.9 714.2 90.48 117.55 115.09 107.83 127.531998 566.0 815.6 973.2 769.1 899.4 108.88 127.94 157.79 128.97 150.821999 783.0 798.4 1,115.5 856.1 986.7 156.45 138.42 182.99 152.02 175.202000 593.4 756.9 1,075.4 754.6 851.2 125.96 138.39 181.83 142.16 160.372001 729.1 896.5 1,620.4 943.2 1,040.4 153.72 172.05 271.63 181.94 200.712002 882.8 991.9 1,673.4 1,054.2 1,144.4 194.55 175.78 284.17 195.31 212.022003 1,037.3 1,106.0 2,065.1 1,199.5 1,274.8 221.13 189.95 345.94 216.27 229.832004 1,441.8 1,716.4 1,977.3 1,673.1 1,729.0 298.45 284.78 327.91 292.57 302.342005 1,920.4 1,497.6 2,392.9 1,720.7 1,720.7 314.36 280.03 429.92 306.50 306.502006 2,238.6 1,936.2 2,664.6 2,101.7 2,035.4 402.45 348.36 479.33 378.03 366.112007 4,000.4 3,906.9 6,131.2 4,171.7R3,924.6 717.13 604.06 1,132.09 688.30R647.532008 4,623.7 5,283.8 6,331.2 5,135.9R4,728.3 778.14 701.42 1,213.81 782.31R720.231See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.2See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.3See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.4See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.5In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised.Notes:•The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in morerecent surveys.•Average cost is the arithmetic mean and includes all costs for drilling and equippingwells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exploratory and development wells; excludesservice wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well"inGlossary.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginningin1960.•For related information, see http://www.api.org/statistics/accessapi/surveys/index.cfm.Source: American Petroleum Institute,2008 Joint Association Survey on Drilling Costs(January 2010).Figure 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, andExploration and Development ExpendituresGross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2009Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions, 1975-2008Expenditures, 1974-2009 Three-Year Moving Average112 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Crude oil equivalent.2Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gasproducers and petroleum refiners that formthe Financial Reporting System (FRS). Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.Source: Table 4.9.U.S. TotalMajor U.S. EnergyCompanies–United States1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007-202468101214-2

Billion Barrels COE1Major U.S. EnergyCompanies–ForeignMajor U.S. EnergyCompanies–United StatesMajor U.S. EnergyCompanies–United StatesMajor U.S. EnergyCompanies–Foreign1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007020406080100120

Billion Dollars 2Major U.S. EnergyCompanies–Foreign1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050714212835

Dollars2 per Barrel COE1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 113**T able 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,** **and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2009 Year** **Gross Additions to Proved Reserves**1**of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Crude Oil and Natural Gas** **Exploration and Development Expenditures Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions,** **Three-Year Moving Average U.S. Total** **Major U.S. Energy Companies**2**Major U.S. Energy Companies**2**Major U.S. Energy Companies**2**United States Foreign** **United States Foreign** **United States Foreign** Million Barrels COE3Billion Dollars4Dollars4per Barrel COE31974 NA 2,205 NA 8.7 3.8 NA NA1975 3,846 -634 NA 7.8 5.3 8.05 NA1976 3,224 1,663 1,459 9.5 5.2 8.64 NA1977 3,765 2,210 1,055 10.7 5.6 5.12 4.641978 3,679 2,383 1,191 11.8 6.4 7.34 5.731979 5,071 1,37851,208 21.3 7.8 9.3455.751980 6,723 2,590 1,977 26.2 11.0 11.80 7.451981 7,304 2,848 1,006 33.0 12.4 11.63 8.741982 5,030 2,482 1,332 39.1 14.2610.6268.781983 6,412 3,427 1,918 27.1 10.7 9.20 9.281984 6,653 3,941 1,298 48.1 17.368.2168.631985 6,19073,129 1,192 28.5 10.178.27 9.031986 4,866 2,17851,375 17.4 7.5 6.6755.281987 6,05973,698 2,516 14.3 9.274.58 4.691988 7,156 3,359 2,460 21.0 13.0 5.05 5.181989 5,385 2,798 2,043 15.0 14.1 5.62 5.941990 6,275 2,979 2,355 15.1 13.6 5.87 6.341991 4,227 1,772 2,135 14.2 13.7 6.52 6.501992 5,006 1,332 1,694 10.3 12.9 7.02 6.551993 4,814 1,945 2,147 10.9 12.5 5.66 5.331994 6,021 2,703 3,173 12.6 11.9 4.74 4.631995 6,558 2,929 2,799 12.4 13.2 5.11 4.511996 6,707 2,131 3,280 14.6 16.6 7.61 5.101997 7,233 1,367 3,279 21.8 17.9 9.67 5.181998 3,628 2,798 5,206 24.4 26.4 11.15 5.221999 7,929 1,197 3,360 13.5 17.5 10.25 5.982000 8,725 4,392 3,593 48.0 28.8 9.67 6.012001 7,449 4,271 6,744 33.9 35.9R10.45 7.192002 7,056 2,232 3,036R32.0 31.4R10.69 6.912003 5,189 2,216 4,047 27.4 28.2R12.64 10.712004 6,624 2,825 841 32.6 25.3 12.05 15.382005 8,543 3,818 1,664 46.8 47.3 20.01 25.092006 6,479 2,175 2,747 97.1 59.2 21.86 27.642007 11,745 3,560 985 64.9 42.7R34.32 21.622008 5,335 1,848 3,309R98.2 50.3R23.17R17.582009 13,921 3,939 3,709 53.4 47.7 NA NA1Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production.See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural GasLiquids" in Glossary.2"Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and naturalgas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.3Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. SeeAppendix A.4Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.5Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Datafor 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions.6Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated withmergers among the FRS companies.7Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1,477 million barrels COE and 2,396 millionbarrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas reserves.R=Revised. NA=Not available.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.Sources:**Major U.S. Energy Companies:**•1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration(EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1997.•1977 forward—EIA,Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers,annual reports.**U.S. Total, Gross Additions to Prove d** **Reserves:**•1975-1979—American Gas Association, American Petroleum Institute, and CanadianPetroleum Association (published jointly),Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids, and Natural Gasinthe United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979,Volume 34 (June 1980).•1980 forward—EIA,U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves,annual reports.Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration andDevelopment by RegionTotal, 1974-2009 U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2009 U.S. Onshore and Offshore, 1977-2009By Region, 2009114 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Includes all Europe except countries that werepart of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union ofSoviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.3Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Eurasia” and “Union ofSoviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.4This region includes areas that are eastwardof the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.5This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil andnatural gas producers and petroleum refiners thatform the Financial Reporting System (FRS).See http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.Source: Table 4.10.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200504080120160

Billion Dollars11975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050255075100

Billion Dollars11980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005020406080

Billion Dollars1OnshoreOffshoreUnited StatesForeign53.48.68.33.013.92.18.82.9United States Canada Europe2 Eurasia3 Africa Middle East Other Eastern Other Western015304560

Billion Dollars1Hemisphere4Hemisphere5U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 115**T able 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development** **by Region, 1974-2009**(Billion Dollars1)**Year United States** **Foreign Total** **Onshore Offshore** **Total Canada** **Europe**2**Eurasia**3**Africa Middle** **East Other** **Eastern Hemisphere** 4**Other Western** **Hemisphere**5**Total**1974 NA NA 8.7 NA NA – – NA NA NA NA 3.8 12.51975 NA NA 7.8 NA NA – – NA NA NA NA 5.3 13.11976 NA NA 9.5 NA NA – – NA NA NA NA 5.2 14.71977 6.7 4.0 10.7 1.5 2.5 – – .7 .2 .3 .4 5.6 16.31978 7.5 4.3 11.8 1.6 2.6 – – .8 .3 .4 .6 6.4 18.21979 13.0 8.3 21.3 2.3 3.0 – – .8 .2 .5 .8 7.8 29.11980 16.8 9.4 26.2 3.1 4.3 – – 1.4 .2 .8 1.0 11.0 37.21981 19.9 13.0 33.0 1.8 5.0 – – 2.1 .3 1.9 1.3 12.4 45.41982 27.2 11.9 39.1 1.9 6.3 – – 2.1 .4 2.4 1.1 14.2 53.31983 16.0 11.1 27.1 1.6 4.3 – – 1.7 .5 2.0 .6 10.7 37.71984 32.1 16.0 48.1 5.4 5.5 – – 3.4 .5 2.0 .5 17.3 65.31985 20.0 8.5 28.5 1.9 3.7 – – 1.6 .9 1.3 .7 10.1 38.61986 12.5 4.9 17.4 1.1 3.2 – – 1.1 .3 1.2 .6 7.5 24.91987 9.7 4.5 14.3 1.9 3.0 – – .8 .4 2.8 .5 9.2 23.51988 12.9 8.1 21.0 5.4 4.3 – – .8 .4 1.4 .7 13.0 34.11989 9.0 6.0 15.0 6.3 3.5 – – 1.0 .4 2.3 .6 14.1 29.11990 10.2 4.9 15.1 1.8 6.6 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 .7 13.6 28.71991 9.6 4.6 14.2 1.7 6.8 – – 1.5 .5 2.4 .7 13.7 27.91992 7.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 6.8 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 .6 12.9 23.21993 7.2 3.7 10.9 1.6 5.5 .3 1.5 .7 2.5 .6 12.5 23.51994 7.8 4.8 12.6 1.8 4.4 .3 1.4 .4 2.8 .7 11.9 24.51995 7.7 4.7 12.4 1.9 5.2 .4 2.0 .4 2.4 .9 13.2 25.61996 7.9 6.7 14.6 1.6 5.6 .5 2.8 .5 4.1 1.6 16.6 31.31997 13.0 8.8 21.8 2.0 7.1 .6 3.0 .6 3.0 1.6 17.9 39.81998 13.5 11.0 24.4 4.8 8.6 1.3 3.1 .9 3.9 3.7 26.4 50.81999 6.6 6.9 13.5 2.1 4.1 .6 3.1 .4 3.4 3.8 17.5 31.02000 27.1 21.0 48.0 4.9 7.5 .9 2.7 .6 6.8 5.4 28.8 76.82001 24.2 9.6 33.9 15.3 5.4 .9 5.5 .7 5.0 3.1 35.9 69.82002 22.3 9.5 31.8 6.7 9.8 1.3 5.1 .8 6.2 1.6 31.4 63.22003 14.9 12.5 27.4 4.9 5.7 2.1 9.2 1.0 4.2 1.1 28.2 55.62004 22.1 10.5 32.6 5.3 4.4 2.0 6.9 1.3 3.8 1.6 25.3 57.92005 35.5 11.3 46.8 9.1 6.1 6.3 10.7 1.5 12.0 1.7 47.3 94.12006 70.2 26.8 97.1 17.029.032.4 12.9 3.1 6.6 8.2 59.2 156.22007 50.8 14.1 64.9 5.8 8.1 2.9 12.5 3.2 6.8 3.4 42.7 107.62008R76.8 21.5R98.2 6.4 8.4 3.2 14.2 4.5 9.6 4.1 50.3R148.62009 39.8 13.6 53.4 8.6 8.3 3.0 13.9 2.1 8.8 2.9 47.7 101.01Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Through 2005, includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (the Federal Republicof), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2006, includes all Europe except countries that were part ofthe former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.3Through 2005, includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. as well as Albania, Bosnia andHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, andSlovenia. Beginning in 2006, includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia"and "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.4This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°longitude andthat are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.5This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°longitude andthat are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.R=Revised. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Notes:•"Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil andnatural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.•Totals may not equal sum of components dueto independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.Sources:•1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Markets and EndUse, FRS Database, November 1997.•1977 forward—EIA,Performance Profiles of Major EnergyProducers,annual reports.Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010By Key StateBy RegionWest and East of the Mississippi By Mining Method By Rank116 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Source: Table 4.11.11910462322927231612129Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana0153045607590105120135

Billion Short Tons23115799Western Interior Appalachian050100150200250300350

Billion Short Tonsming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico258178438Bitu- Subbitu- Lignite Anthracite050100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons254232West of the East of the050100150200250300350

Billion Short TonsMississippi332154Underground Surface050100150200250300350

Billion Short TonsMississippiminous minousU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 117**T able 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010** (Billion Short Tons)**Region and State Anthracite** **Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal** **Lignite Total** **Underground Surface** **Underground Surface** **Underground Surface** **Surface**1**Underground Surface** **Total A** **ppalachian**..............................................**4.0 3.3 68.6 22.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 72.6 26.5 99.0**Alabama ................................................... .0 .0 .9 2.1 .0 .0 1.1 .9 3.24.1Kentucky, Eastern .................................... .0 .0 .8 9.1 .0 .0 .0 .8 9.1 10.0Ohio .......................................................... .0 .0 17.4 5.7 .0 .0 .0 17.4 5.723.1Pennsylvania ............................................ 3.8 3.3 19.0 .8 .0 .0 .0 22.8 4.2 27.0Virginia ...................................................... .1 .0 .9 .5 .0 .0 .0 1.0.5 1.5West Virginia ............................................ .0 .0 28.5 3.4 .0 .0 .0 28.5 3.4 32.0Other2...................................................... .0 .0 1.1 .3 .0 .0 .0 1.1 .3 1.4**I nterior** .......................................................**.1 (s) 116.8 27.1 .0 .0 12.6 116.9 39.7 156.6**Illinois ........................................................ .0 .0 87.7 16.5 .0 .0 .0 87.7 16.5 104.2Indiana ...................................................... .0 .0 8.6 .6 .0 .0 .0 8.6 .69.3Iowa .......................................................... .0 .0 1.7 .5 .0 .0 .0 1.7 .5 2.2Kentucky, Western ................................... .0 .0 15.7 3.6 .0 .0 .0 15.7 3.6 19.3Missouri .................................................... .0 .0 1.5 4.5 .0 .0 .0 1.5 4.56.0Oklahoma ................................................. .0 .0 1.2 .3 .0 .0 .0 1.2 .31.5Texas ........................................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12.2 .0 12.212.2Other3...................................................... .1 (s) .3 1.1 .0 .0 0.4 .4 1.5 1.9**W estern** .....................................................**(s) .0 21.2 2.3 121.2 56.5 29.2 142.5 88.0 230.5**Alaska ....................................................... .0 .0 .6 .1 4.8 .6 (s) 5.4 .76.1Colorado ................................................... (s) .0 7.5 .6 3.7 .0 4.2 11.2 4.8 16.0Montana .................................................... .0 .0 1.4 .0 69.6 32.3 15.8 71.0 48.1 119.0New Mexico .............................................. (s) .0 2.7 .9 3.4 5.0 .0 6.1 5.9 12.0North Dakota ............................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 8.9 .0 8.9 8.9Utah .......................................................... .0 .0 4.9 .3 (s) .0 .0 4.9 .35.2Washington ............................................... .0 .0 .3 .0 1.0 .0 (s) 1.3 (s) 1.3Wyoming ................................................... .0 .0 3.8 .5 38.6 18.6 .0 42.5 19.1 61.6Other4...................................................... .0 .0 (s) .0 (s) (s) .4 (s) .4 .4**U .S. Total** ...................................................**4.1 3.4 206.6 51.4 121.2 56.5 42.9 331.9 154.2 486.1**States East of the Mississippi River ......... 4.0 3.3 180.6 42.8 .0 .0 1.1 184.6 47.2 231.8States West of the Mississippi River ........ .1 (s) 26.0 8.6 121.2 56.5 41.8 147.3 107.0 254.31Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States.2Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee.3Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan.4Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons.Notes:•SeeU.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Updateon the Web Page for a description of the methodologyused to produce these data.•Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzedand on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in the ground as of January 1, 2010. Thesecoal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability with current mining technologies ranges from0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-four percent of the demonstrated reservebase of coal in the United States is estimated to be recoverable.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves Database.Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development DrillingTotal Holes Drilled, 1958-20101 Holes Drilled, Selected YearsTotal Footage Drilled, 1949-20101 Footage Drilled, Selected Years118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101In 2002 and 2003, data are withheld to avoid disclosure. Source: Table 4.12.2029354453875215221968 1978 1988 1998 2008 2009 2010020406080

ThousandsExplorationDevelopment1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010020406080100120

Thousands819243331629113111968 1978 1988 1998 2008 2009 2010048121620242832

Million FeetExplorationDevelopment1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100102030405060

Million FeetU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 119**T able 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Exploration** 1**Development**2**Total Holes Drilled** **Footage Drilled Holes Drilled** **Footage Drilled Holes Drilled** **Footage Drilled**ThousandsMillion FeetThousandsMillion FeetThousandsMillion Feet1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 0.411950 NA .57 NA .21 NA .781955 NA 5.27 NA .76 NA 6.031960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 5.611965 6.23 1.16 7.33 .95 13.56 2.111970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 23.531975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 25.421976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 34.801977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 45.581978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 48.101979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 41.081980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 28.191981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 14.221982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 5.361983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 3.171984 4.80 2.26 .72 .29 5.52 2.551985 2.88 1.42 .77 .34 3.65 1.761986 1.99 1.10 1.85 .97 3.83 2.071987 1.82 1.11 1.99 .86 3.81 1.971988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 3.011989 2.09 1.43 1.75 .80 3.84 2.231990 1.51 .87 1.91 .81 3.42 1.681991 1.62 .97 1.57 .87 3.20 1.841992 .94 .56 .83 .50 1.77 1.061993 .36 .22 1.67 .89 2.02 1.111994 .52 .34 .48 .32 1.00 .661995 .58 .40 1.73 .95 2.31 1.351996 1.12 .88 3.58 2.16 4.70 3.051997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 4.881998 1.37 .89 5.23 3.75 6.60 4.641999 .27 .18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2.502000 W W W W 1.55 1.022001 .00 .00 1.02 .66 1.02 .662002 W W W W W W2003 NA NA NA NA W W2004 W W W W 2.19 1.252005 W W W W 3.14 1.672006 1.47 .82 3.43 1.89 4.90 2.712007 4.35 2.20 5.00 2.95 9.35 5.152008 5.20 2.54 4.16 2.55 9.36 5.092009 1.79 1.05 3.89 2.69 5.68 3.742010 2.44 1.46 4.77 3.44 7.21 4.901Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling atthe location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation.2Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, andconfiguration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.Sources:•1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office,Statistical Data of theUranium Industry, January 1, 1983,Report No. GJO-100 (1983), Table VIII-5.•1982-2002—U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA),Uranium Industry Annual,annual reports.•2003-2005—EIA, "DomesticUranium Production Report," annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA, "2010 Domestic Uranium ProductionReport" (June 2011), Table 1.Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008ReservesReserves and Resources120 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,Virginia, and Washington.Notes: • See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. • Data are at end of year.Source: Table 4.13.Forward-Cost Category(dollars1 per pound)2.23.53.34.90.51.2$50 or Less $100 or Less0123456

Billion Pounds Uranium OxideReservesEstimated Additional ResourcesSpeculative ResourcesForward-Cost Category(dollars1 per pound)Colorado,Utah44639019840154220179632750Wyoming New Arizona, Texas Others20100200300400500

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide$50 or Less$100 or LessMexicoU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 121**T able 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008** (Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)**Resource Category and State Forward-Cost** 1**Category**(dollars2per pound)**$50 or Less $100 or Less** **Reserves**3..........................................................................................................................**539 1,227**Wyoming ......................................................................................................................... 220 446New Mexico .................................................................................................................... 179 390Arizona, Colorado, Utah .................................................................................................63 198Texas .............................................................................................................................. 27 40Others4..........................................................................................................................50 154**P otential Resources** 5Estimated Additional Resources ........................................................................................ 3,310 4,850Speculative Resources ...................................................................................................... 2,230 3,4801Forward costs include the costs for power and fuel, labor, materials, insurance, severance and advalorem taxes, and applicable administrative costs. Past capital costs are considered "sunk" costs andmining of the individual deposits may or may not return such costs to investors. Sunk costs for such itemsas exploration and land acquisition are excluded as are the costs for income taxes, profit, and the cost ofmoney. The forward costs used to estimate U.S. uranium ore reserves are independent of the price atwhich uranium produced from the estimated reserves might be sold in the commercial market. Resourcevalues in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includesall reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category.2Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.3The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to theinternationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR).4Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia,and Washington.5Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimates for each forward-cost category, roundedto the nearest million pounds uranium oxide.Notes:•Estimates are at end of year.•See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.•For updates, seehttp://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.Sources:**Reserves:**EIA,U.S. Uranium Reserves Estimates(July 2010), Table 1.**Potenti al** **Resources:**EIA estimates based on uranium resources data developed under the National UraniumResource Evaluation program and U.S. Geological Survey Uranium Resource Assessment Project usingmethodology described inUranium Resource Assessment by the Geological Survey: Methodology andPlan to Update the National Resource Base,U.S. Geological Survey Circular 994 (1987).Figure 4.14 Concentrating Solar Resources122 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Notes: • Annual average direct normal solar resource data are shown. • kWh/m2/Day =kilowatthours per square meter per day.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for theDepartment of Energy. The data for Hawaii and the 48 contiguous States are a 10-kilometer(km) satellite modeled dataset (SUNY/NREL,2007) representing data from 1998-2005. Thedata for Alaska are a 40-km dataset produced bythe Climatological Solar Radiation Model(NREL, 2003).Figure 4.15 Photovoltaic Solar ResourcesU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 123Notes: • Annual average solar resource data are shown for a tilt=latitude collector. • kWh/m2/Day =kilowatthours per square meter per day.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the Department of Energy. The data for Hawaii and the 48 contiguous States are a 10-kilometer (km) satellite modeled dataset (SUNY/NREL, 2007) representing data from 1998-2005. The data forAlaska are a 40-km dataset produced by the Climatological Solar Radiation Model (NREL, 2003).Figure 4.16 Onshore Wind Resources124 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Notes: • Data are annual average wind speed at 80 meters. • m/s = meters per second.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for theDepartment of Energy. Wind resource estimates developed by AWS Truepower, LLC forwindNavigator®. See http://www.windnavigator.com and http://www.awstruepower.com.Spatial resolution of wind resource data: 2.5 kilometers. Projection: Albers Equal AreaWGS84.Figure 4.17 Offshore Wind ResourcesU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 125Notes: • Data are annual average wind speed at 90 meters. • m/s = meters persecond.• mph = miles per hour.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Source: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for theDepartment of Energy.Figure 4.18 Geothermal Resources126 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Notes: • Data are for locations of identified hydrothermal sites and favorability of deepenhanced geothermal systems (EGS). • Map does not include shallow EGS resourceslocated near hydrothermal sites or USGSassessment of undiscovered hydrothermalresources. • *”N/A” regions have temperatures less than 150°C at 10 kilometers (km) depthand were not assessed for deep EGS potential. • **Temperature at depth data for deep EGSin Alaska and Hawaii not available.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for theDepartment of Energy. Source data fordeep EGS includes temperature at depth from 3to 10 km provided by Southern Methodist University Geothermal Laboratory (Blackwell &Richards, 2009) and analyses (forregions with temperatures150°C) performed byNREL (2009). Source data for identified hydrothermal sites from USGS Assessment ofModerate- and High-Temperature Geothermal Resources of the United States (2008).Figure 4.19 Biomass ResourcesU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 127Notes: • Data are for total biomass per square kilometer. • km2= square kilometer. • Thisstudy estimates the biomass resources currentlyavailable in the United States by county. Itincludes the following feedstock categories: crop residues (5 year average: 2003-2007), forestand primary mill residues (2007), secondary mill and urban wood waste (2002), methane emissions from landfills (2008), domestic wastewater treatment (2007), and animal manure (2002).For more information on the data development, please refer to http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39181.pdf.Although, the document contains the methodology for the development of an older assessment,the information is applicable to this assessment aswell. The difference is only in the data’s timeperiod.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Source: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the Department of Energy.5. Petroleum and Other LiquidsFigure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2010(Million Barrels per Day)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 1311Unfinished oils, hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, and motor gasolineand aviation gasoline blending components.2Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production (0.92), net imports (1.28) and adjustments(0.08) minus stock change (0.06) and product supplied (0.02).3Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.4Natural gas plant liquids.5Production minus refinery input.Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Valuesare derived from source data prior to rounding forpublication. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a–5.13d, 5.16, andPetroleum Supply Monthly,February 2011, Table 4.Figure 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids OverviewOverview, 1949-2010 Overview, 2010Production, 1949-2010 Production and Net Imports, Share of Estimated Consumption,1949-2010132 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Source: Table 5.1a.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100510152025

Million Barrels per Day9.49.419.2Production Net Imports Estimated Consumption0510152025

Million Barrels per DayProductionEstimatedConsumptionNet ImportsTotal1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010024681012

Million Barrels per Day1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010020406080100

PercentProductionNet ImportsFigure 5.1b Petroleum OverviewOverview, 1949-2010 Overview, 2010Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 1949-2010 Trade, 1949-2010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 1331Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.Sources: Tables 5.1b.and 5.31950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100510152025

Million Barrels per Day7.511.82.319.1Production2 Imports Exports Consumption10510152025

Million Barrels per DayProduction2Consumption1Net Imports5.51 in2010Natural Gas Plant LiquidsPeak: 9.64in 1970Crude OilCrude Oil ImportsProduct Imports1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Million Barrels per Day1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010036912

Million Barrels per DayExportsPeak: 10.13in 2005134 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Production** 1**Production as Share of** **Estimated Consumption Net Imports** 2**Net Imports as Share of** **Estimated Consumption Balancing** **Item**3**Estimated Consumption** 4Thousand Barrels per DayPercentThousand Barrels per DayPercentThousand Barrels per Day1949 5,47595.03185.5-30 5,7631950 5,90891.55458.45 6,4581955 7,61190.088010.4-37 8,4551960 8,11082.81,61316.574 9,7971965 9,23480.22,28119.8-2 11,5121970 11,65679.33,16121.5-119 14,6971975 10,46764.15,84635.88 16,3221976 10,21358.57,09040.6159 17,4611977 10,38756.48,56546.5-520 18,4311978 10,77157.28,00242.574 18,8471979 10,66257.67,98543.1-135 18,5131980 10,76763.16,36537.3-76 17,0561981 10,69366.65,40133.6-31 16,0631982 10,74470.24,29828.1268 15,3101983 10,76170.54,31228.3185 15,2581984 11,09570.44,71529.9-52 15,7581985 11,17770.94,28627.2302 15,7661986 10,89366.75,43933.3-5 16,3261987 10,63663.65,91435.4168 16,7171988 10,47360.46,58738.0277 17,3361989 9,87456.87,20241.4303 17,3791990 9,64556.67,16142.0230 17,0361991 9,84658.76,62639.5297 16,7691992 9,70356.86,93840.6455 17,0961993 9,42254.77,61844.2195 17,2351994 9,23952.18,05445.5424 17,7161995 9,18351.87,88644.5654 17,7231996 9,19450.28,49846.4616 18,3081997 9,20149.49,15849.2260 18,6191998 8,98747.59,76451.6165 18,9151999 8,71144.69,91250.8894 19,5172000 8,78444.610,41952.9496 19,6992001 8,68644.210,90055.560 19,6472002 8,72044.110,54753.4493 19,7602003 8,55442.711,23856.1239 20,0312004 8,49841.012,09758.4133 20,7282005 8,14039.112,54960.3114 20,8032006 8,16339.412,39159.9143 20,6972007 8,29240.112,02758.1376 20,6952008 8,36442.911,09056.951 19,5062009 8,98047.89,65451.4154 18,7882010P9,44349.39,43449.2280 19,1571Crude oil (including lease condensate) production; natural gas plant liquids production; and processinggain (refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs). Beginning in 1981, alsoincludes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) production. Beginning in 2001, also includes biodiesel production.2Net imports equal imports minus exports. Includes petroleum (excluding biofuels) net imports.Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) net imports. Beginning in 2001, alsoincludes biodiesel net imports. Beginning in 2009, also includes a small amount of other biofuels (such asbio-jet fuel and bio-ETBE) imports.3Includes petroleum and biofuels stock withdrawals (stock change multiplied by -1); petroleumadjustments; and biodiesel balancing item.4Includes estimated consumption of petroleum and, beginning in 1981, estimated consumption of fuelethanol minus denaturant. Beginning in 2001, also includes estimated consumption of biodiesel.Techniques used to estimate consumption vary depending on the product. Petroleum product supplied isused as an approximation of petroleum consumption, which is adjusted to exclude biofuels in order toprevent double counting. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption" at endof Section 5 and footnote 4 on Table 1.3. Estimated consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant in 2010is calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments minus theamount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. For other years, see sources in Table 10.3. Estimatedconsumption of biodiesel in 2010 is calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports minusbiodiesel stock change. For other years, see sources in Table 10.4.P=Preliminary.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources:**Production:**Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4.**Net Imports:**Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4; andU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly(PSM),and earlier publications—see sources for Table 5.1b.**Balancing Item:**Calculated as estimatedconsumption minus production and net imports.**Estimated Consumption:**Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4;and EIA, PSA, PSM, and earlier publications—see sources for Table 5.1b.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 135**T able 5.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Field Production** 1**Renewable Fuels** **and Oxygenates** 5**Processing Gain** 6**Trade Stock** **Change**8,10**Adjust ments** 11**Petroleum Products** **Supplied**8**Crude Oil**2**Natural Gas Plant Liquids** 4**Total Imports** 7,8**Exports Net** **Imports**8,9**48 States**3**Alaska Total** 1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 NA -2 645 327 318 -8 -38 5,7631950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 NA 2 850 305 545 -56 -51 6,4581955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 NA 34 1,248 368 880 (s) -37 8,4551960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 NA 146 1,815 202 1,613 -83 -8 9,7971965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 NA 220 2,468 187 2,281 -8 -10 11,5121970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 NA 359 3,419 259 3,161 103 -16 14,6971975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 NA 460 6,056 209 5,846 32 41 16,3221976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 NA 477 7,313 223 7,090 -58 101 17,4611977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 NA 524 8,807 243 8,565 548 28 18,4311978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 NA 496 8,363 362 8,002 -94 -20 18,8471979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 NA 527 8,456 471 7,985 173 38 18,5131980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 NA 597 6,909 544 6,365 140 64 17,0561981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 NA 508 5,996 595 5,401 160 129 16,0581982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 NA 531 5,113 815 4,298 -147 121 15,2961983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 NA 488 5,051 739 4,312 -20 165 15,2311984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 NA 553 5,437 722 4,715 280 228 15,7261985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 NA 557 5,067 781 4,286 -103 200 15,7261986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 NA 616 6,224 785 5,439 202 197 16,2811987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 NA 639 6,678 764 5,914 41 209 16,6651988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 NA 655 7,402 815 6,587 -28 249 17,2831989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 NA 661 8,061 859 7,202 -43 260 17,3251990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 NA 683 8,018 857 7,161 107 338 16,9881991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 NA 715 7,627 1,001 6,626 -10 287 16,7141992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 NA 772 7,888 950 6,938 -68 386 17,0331993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 NA 766 8,620 1,003 7,618 151 422 17,2371994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 NA 768 8,996 942 8,054 15 523 17,7181995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 NA 774 8,835 949 7,886 -246 496 17,7251996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 NA 837 9,478 981 8,498 -151 528 18,3091997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 NA 850 10,162 1,003 9,158 143 487 18,6201998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 NA 886 10,708 945 9,764 239 495 18,9171999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 NA 886 10,852 940 9,912 -422 567 19,5192000 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 NA 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 -69 532 19,7012001 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 NA 903 11,871 971 10,900 325 501 19,6492002 4,761 984 5,746 1,880 7,626 NA 957 11,530 984 10,546 -105 527 19,7612003 4,706 974 5,681 1,719 7,400 NA 974 12,264 1,027 11,238 56 478 20,0342004 4,510 908 5,419 1,809 7,228 NA 1,051 13,145 1,048 12,097 209 564 20,7312005 4,314 864 5,178 1,717 6,895 NA 989 13,714 1,165 12,549 145 513 20,8022006 4,361 741 5,102 1,739 6,841 NA 994 13,707 1,317 12,390 60 522 20,6872007 4,342 722 5,064 1,783 6,847 NA 996 13,468 1,433 12,036 -148 653 20,6802008 4,268 683 4,950 1,784 6,734 NA 993 12,915 1,802 11,114 195 852 19,4982009R4,715 645R5,361R1,910R7,270R746R979R11,691R2,024R9,667R109R218R18,7712010P4,913 599 5,512 2,001 7,513 902 1,064 11,753 2,312 9,440 48 276 19,1481Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, andasmall amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes whatwas previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blendingcomponents, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments."2Includes lease condensate.3United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.4See Table 5.10.5Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.6Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8.7Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.8Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Beginning in 2009, alsoincludes biodiesel and other renewable fuels blended into petroleum.9Net imports equal imports minus exports.10A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includescrude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the NortheastHeating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.11An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, fuelethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),Appendix B.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500barrels per day.Notes:•See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," and Note2,"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section.•Totals maynot equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annualreports.•2010—EIA, PSM (February 2011).Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2010By Site48 States1 and Alaska Number of Producing Wells Average Productivity136 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.Source: Table 5.2.Total1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100246810

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)OffshoreOnshoreAlaska1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Million Barrels per Day48 States11960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100200400600800

Thousand Wells1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201005101520

Barrels per Day per Well1985: 647 thousand wells2010: 530thousandwellsPeak:18.6in 197210.4in 2010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 137**T able 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2010** **Year Geographic Location** **Site Type** **Total Production** **Crude Oil Well**1**Productivity 48 States** 2**Alaska Onshore** **Offshore Crude Oil** **Lease Condensate Producing Wells** 3**Average Productivity**4Thousand Barrels per DayThousandsBarrels per Day per Well1954 6,342 0 6,209 133 6,3425( ) 6,342 511 12.41955 6,807 0 6,645 162 6,8075( ) 6,807 524 13.01960 7,034 2 6,716 319 7,0355( ) 7,035 591 11.91965 7,774 30 7,140 665 7,8045( ) 7,804 589 13.21970 9,408 229 8,060 1,577 9,180 457 9,637 531 18.11975 8,183 191 7,012 1,362 8,007 367 8,375 500 16.81976 7,958 173 6,868 1,264 7,776 356 8,132 499 16.31977 7,781 464 7,069 1,176 7,875 370 8,245 507 16.31978 7,478 1,229 7,571 1,136 8,353 355 8,707 517 16.81979 7,151 1,401 7,485 1,067 8,181 371 8,552 531 16.11980 6,980 1,617 7,562 1,034 8,210 386 8,597 548 15.71981 6,962 1,609 7,537 1,034 8,176 395 8,572 557 15.41982 6,953 1,696 7,538 1,110 8,261 387 8,649 580 14.91983 6,974 1,714 7,492 1,196 8,6885( ) 8,688 603 14.41984 7,157 1,722 7,596 1,283 8,8795( ) 8,879 621 14.31985 7,146 1,825 7,722 1,250 8,9715( ) 8,971 647 13.91986 6,814 1,867 7,426 1,254 8,6805( ) 8,680 623 13.91987 6,387 1,962 7,153 1,196 8,3495( ) 8,349 620 13.51988 6,123 2,017 6,949 1,191 8,1405( ) 8,140 612 13.31989 5,739 1,874 6,486 1,127 7,6135( ) 7,613 603 12.61990 5,582 1,773 6,273 1,082 7,3555( ) 7,355 602 12.21991 5,618 1,798 6,245 1,172 7,4175( ) 7,417 614 12.11992 5,457 1,714 5,953 1,218 7,1715( ) 7,171 594 12.11993 5,264 1,582 5,606 1,241 6,8475( ) 6,847 584 11.71994 5,103 1,559 5,291 1,370 6,6625( ) 6,662 582 11.41995 5,076 1,484 5,035 1,525 6,5605( ) 6,560 574 11.41996 5,071 1,393 4,902 1,562 6,4655( ) 6,465 574 11.31997 5,156 1,296 4,803 1,648 6,4525( ) 6,452 573 11.31998 5,077 1,175 4,560 1,692 6,2525( ) 6,252 562 11.11999 4,832 1,050 4,132 1,750 5,8815( ) 5,881 546 10.82000 4,851 970 4,049 1,773 5,8225( ) 5,822 534 10.92001 4,839 963 3,879 1,923 5,8015( ) 5,801 530 10.92002 4,761 984 3,743 2,003 5,7465( ) 5,746 529 10.92003 4,706 974 3,668 2,012 5,6815( ) 5,681 513 11.12004 4,510 908 3,536 1,883 5,4195( ) 5,419 510 10.62005 4,314 864 3,466 1,712 5,1785( ) 5,178 498 10.42006 4,361 741 3,401 1,701 5,1025( ) 5,102 497 10.32007 4,342 722 3,407 1,657 5,0645( ) 5,064 500 10.12008 4,268 683R3,452R1,498 4,9505( ) 4,950 526 9.42009R4,715 645R3,622R1,738R5,3615( )R5,361 526R10.22010P4,913P599E3,691E1,821P5,5125( )P5,512 530 10.41See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.2United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.3As of December 31.4Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.5Included in "Crude Oil."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in1954.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:**Onshore:**•1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement(PS), Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports, PS, Annual, annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA),annual reports.•2010—EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oilproduction data reported by State conservation agencies.**Offshore:**•1954-1969—U.S. GeologicalSurvey,Outer Continental Shelf Statistics(June 1979).•1970-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral IndustrySurveys, PS, Annual, annual reports.•1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annualreports.•1981-2009—EIA, PSA, annual reports.•2010—EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182,"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil production data reported by State conservationagencies.**Producing Wells:**•1954-1975—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products" chapter.•1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports.•1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Association of America,The Oil Producing Industry in Your State.•1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co.,World Oil,February issues.**All Other Data:**•1954-1975—Bureauof Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports.•1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports,PS, Annual, annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA, PSA, annual reports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum SupplyMonthly(February 2011).Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by TypeTotal, 1949-2010 By Selected Product, 1949-2010By Product, 2010138 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Liquefied petroleum gases.2Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons andoxygenates, and miscellaneous products.Source: Table 5.3.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010051015

Million Barrels per Day1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per DayTotalCrudeOilResidualFuel OilDistillateFuel OilMotor Gasoline,Including BlendingComponentsPetroleumProducts7586143822231501359020217Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils Residual Distillate LPG1 Motor Jet Fuel Asphalt and Other Products20200400600800

Thousand Barrels per DayFuel OilGasolineFuel OilBlendingComponentsRoad OilU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 139**T able 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Crude** **Oil**1,2**Petroleum Products Total** **Petroleum Asphalt and** **Road Oil Distillate** **Fuel Oil Jet** **Fuel**3**Liquefied Petroleum Gases Motor** **Gasoline**5**Motor Gasoline Blending** **Components Residual** **Fuel Oil Unfinished** **Oils Other** **Products**6**Total Propane** 4**Total**1949 421 3 53( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 0 224 6451950 487 5 73( ) 0 0 (s)7( ) 329 21 1 363 8501955 782 9 123( ) 0 0 137( ) 417 15 0 466 1,2481960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 277( ) 637 45 (s) 799 1,8151965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 287( ) 946 92 10 1,229 2,4681970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 677( ) 1,528 108 32 2,095 3,4191975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 1847( ) 1,223 36 95 1,951 6,0561976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 1317( ) 1,413 32 87 2,026 7,3131977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 2177( ) 1,359 31 95 2,193 8,8071978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 1907( ) 1,355 27 50 2,008 8,3631979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 1817( ) 1,151 59 54 1,937 8,4561980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 1407( ) 939 55 72 1,646 6,9091981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 48 1,599 5,9961982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 84 1,625 5,1131983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 94 1,722 5,0511984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 171 2,011 5,4371985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 130 1,866 5,0671986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 153 2,045 6,2241987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 146 2,004 6,6781988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 196 2,295 7,4021989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 183 2,217 8,0611990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 198 2,123 8,0181991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 198 1,844 7,6271992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 195 1,805 7,8881993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 219 1,833 8,6201994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 291 1,933 8,9961995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 276 1,605 8,8351996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 319 1,971 9,4781997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 360 1,936 10,1621998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 350 2,002 10,7081999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 375 2,122 10,8522000 9,071 28 295 162 161 215 427 223 352 274 414 2,389 11,4592001 9,328 26 344 148 140 206 454 298 295 378 393 2,543 11,8712002 9,140 27 267 107 145 183 498 311 249 410 337 2,390 11,5302003 9,665 12 333 109 168 225 518 367 327 335 373 2,599 12,2642004 10,088 43 325 127 209 263 496 451 426 490 436 3,057 13,1452005 10,126 43 329 190 233 328 603 510 530 582 473 3,588 13,7142006 10,118 50 365 186 228 332 475 669 350 689 473 3,589 13,7072007 10,031 40 304 217 182 247 413 753 372 717 375 3,437 13,4682008 9,783 25 213 103 185 253 302 789 349 763 337 3,132 12,9152009R9,013R22R225R81R147R182R223R719R331R677R217R2,678R11,6912010P9,163 20 223 90 120 150 135 758 382 614 217 2,590 11,7531Includes lease condensate.2Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.3Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products."4Includes propylene.5Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blendingcomponents.6Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemicalfeedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline andspecial naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.7Included in "Motor Gasoline."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.Notes:•Includes imports from U.S. possessions and territories.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annualreports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of OriginTotal, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2010 Selected Countries, 2010Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2010 Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2010140 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.4.TotalNon-OPECOPEC1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201003691215

Million Barrels per Day2.51.31.11.01.00.60.40.30.3Canada Mexico Saudi Nigeria Vene- Russia Iraq Brazil United0.00.40.81.21.62.02.42.8

Million Barrels per DayKingdomSaudi ArabiaVenezuelaNigeriaArabiaIraqzuelaCanadaRussiaMexicoUnited Kingdom1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per DayU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 141**T able 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010** **Year Persian** **Gulf**2**Selected OPEC**1**Countries Selected Non-OPEC** 1**Countries Total** **Imports Imports From** **Persian Gulf**2**as Share of Total Imports** **Imports From OPEC** 1**as Share of Total Imports** **Iraq Nigeria** **Saudi Arabia** 3**Venezuela Total** **OPEC**4**Brazil Canada** **Mexico Russia** 5**United Kingdom** **Total Non-OPEC** 4Thousand Barrels per DayPercent1960 NA 226( ) 84 911 1,233 1 120 16 0 (s) 581 1,815 NA 68.01965 345 166( ) 158 994 1,439 0 323 48 0 (s) 1,029 2,468 14.0 58.31966 306 266( ) 147 1,018 1,444 0 384 45 0 6 1,129 2,573 11.9 56.11967 198 56( ) 92 938 1,247 2 450 49 0 11 1,290 2,537 7.8 49.21968 202 06( ) 74 886 1,287 (s) 506 45 0 28 1,553 2,840 7.1 45.31969 179 06( ) 65 875 1,286 0 608 43 2 20 1,879 3,166 5.7 40.61970 121 06( ) 30 989 1,294 2 766 42 3 11 2,126 3,419 3.5 37.81971 299 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 3 857 27 0 10 2,253 3,926 7.6 42.61972 471 4 251 190 959 2,046 5 1,108 21 8 9 2,695 4,741 9.9 43.21973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 9 1,325 16 26 15 3,263 6,256 13.6 47.81974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,256 2 1,070 8 20 8 2,856 6,112 17.0 53.31975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 5 846 71 14 14 2,454 6,056 19.2 59.51976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 0 599 87 11 31 2,247 7,313 25.2 69.31977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 0 517 179 12 126 2,614 8,807 27.8 70.31978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 0 467 318 8 180 2,612 8,363 26.5 68.81979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 1 538 439 1 202 2,819 8,456 24.5 66.71980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 3 455 533 1 176 2,609 6,909 22.0 62.21981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 23 447 522 5 375 2,672 5,996 20.3 55.41982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 47 482 685 1 456 2,968 5,113 13.6 42.01983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 41 547 826 1 382 3,189 5,051 8.8 36.91984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 60 630 748 13 402 3,388 5,437 9.3 37.71985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 61 770 816 8 310 3,237 5,067 6.1 36.11986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 50 807 699 18 350 3,387 6,224 14.7 45.61987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 84 848 655 11 352 3,617 6,678 16.1 45.81988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 98 999 747 29 315 3,882 7,402 20.8 47.61989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 82 931 767 48 215 3,921 8,061 23.1 51.41990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 49 934 755 45 189 3,721 8,018 24.5 53.61991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 22 1,033 807 29 138 3,535 7,627 24.2 53.71992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 20 1,069 830 18 230 3,796 7,888 22.5 51.91993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 33 1,181 919 55 350 4,347 8,620 20.7 49.61994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 31 1,272 984 30 458 4,749 8,996 19.2 47.21995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 8 1,332 1,068 25 383 4,833 8,835 17.8 45.31996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 9 1,424 1,244 25 308 5,267 9,478 16.9 44.41997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 5 1,563 1,385 13 226 5,593 10,162 17.3 45.01998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 26 1,598 1,351 24 250 5,803 10,708 19.9 45.81999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 26 1,539 1,324 89 365 5,899 10,852 22.7 45.62000 2,488 620 896 1,572 1,546 5,203 51 1,807 1,373 72 366 6,257 11,459 21.7 45.42001 2,761 795 885 1,662 1,553 5,528 82 1,828 1,440 90 324 6,343 11,871 23.3 46.62002 2,269 459 621 1,552 1,398 4,605 116 1,971 1,547 210 478 6,925 11,530 19.7 39.92003 2,501 481 867 1,774 1,376 5,162 108 2,072 1,623 254 440 7,103 12,264 20.4 42.12004 2,493 656 1,140 1,558 1,554 5,701 104 2,138 1,665 298 380 7,444 13,145 19.0 43.42005 2,334 531 1,166 1,537 1,529 5,587 156 2,181 1,662 410 396 8,127 13,714 17.0 40.72006 2,211 553 1,114 1,463 1,419 5,517 193 2,353 1,705 369 272 8,190 13,707 16.1 40.22007 2,163 484 1,134 1,485 1,361 5,980 200 2,455 1,532 414 277 7,489 13,468 16.1 44.42008 2,370 627 988 1,529 1,189 5,954 258 2,493 1,302 465 236 6,961 12,915 18.4 46.12009R1,689 450R809R1,004R1,063R4,776R309R2,479R1,210R563 245R6,915R11,691R14.4R40.92010P1,708 414 1,025 1,094 987 4,885 271 2,532 1,280 611 256 6,867 11,753 14.5 41.61See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.2Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (betweenKuwait and Saudi Arabia).3Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes importsfrom the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.4On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC."5Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See"U.S.S.R." in Glossary.6Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.Notes:•The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for thecrude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported fromrefineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil.•Data include anyimports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1960.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1960-1975—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Crude Petroleum and PetroleumProducts" chapter.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,P.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by TypeTotal, 1949-2010 By Selected Product, 1949-2010By Product, 2010142 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline,kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.Source: Table 5.5.TotalProductsCrude Oil1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201005001,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per Day1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100100200300400500600700

Thousand Barrels per DayDistillateFuel OilResidualFuel OilPetroleumCokeMotorGasolineNaphthasFuel OilCoke Fuel Oil Gasoline656449405296132846236152Distillate Petroleum Residual Motor LPG1 Jet Fuel Lubricants Special Other Products20100200300400500600700

Thousand Barrels per DayU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 143**T able 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Crude** **Oil**1**Petroleum Products Total** **Petroleum Distillate** **Fuel Oil Jet** **Fuel**2**Liquefied Petroleum Gases Lubricants** **Motor Gasoline** 4**Petroleum Coke** **Petrochemical Feedstocks** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Special Naphthas** **Other Products** 5**Total Propane** 3**Total**1949 91 342( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 15 236 3271950 95 352( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 12 210 3051955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 18 336 3681960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 9 193 2021965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 20 184 1871970 14 2 6 6 27 44 1 84 10 54 4 12 245 2591975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 6 204 2091976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 6 215 2231977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 7 193 2431978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 2 204 3621979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 3 236 4711980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 4 258 5441981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 4 367 5951982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 4 579 8151983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 3 575 7391984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 6 541 7221985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 4 577 7811986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 8 631 7851987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 7 613 7641988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 6 661 8151989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 15 717 8591990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 13 748 8571991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 9 885 1,0011992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 16 861 9501993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 20 904 1,0031994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 26 843 9421995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 25 855 9491996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 36 871 9811997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 44 896 1,0031998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 70 835 9451999 118 162 32 33 50 28 111 242 0 129 16 52 822 9402000 50 173 32 53 74 26 144 319 0 139 20 64 990 1,0402001 20 119 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 191 23 50 951 9712002 9 112 15 55 67 33 124 337 0 177 15 94 975 9842003 12 107 20 37 56 37 125 361 0 197 22 89 1,014 1,0272004 27 110 40 28 43 41 124 350 0 205 27 82 1,021 1,0482005 32 138 53 37 53 40 136 347 0 251 21 94 1,133 1,1652006 25 215 41 45 56 55 142 366 0 283 14 121 1,292 1,3172007 27 268 41 42 57 59 127 366 0 330 18 140 1,405 1,4332008 29 528 61 53 67 60 172 377 0 355 13 139 1,773 1,8022009 44 587 69 85 100 57 195 391 0 415 22R143R1,980R2,0242010P42 656 84 109 132 62 296 449 0 405 36 152 2,271 2,3121Includes lease condensate.2Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "OtherProducts." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."3Includes propylene.4Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline.5Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, otherhydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-typejet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-typejet fuel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.Notes:•Includes exports to U.S. possessions and territories.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annualreports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of DestinationTotal Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2010 By Selected Country, 1960-2010By Selected Country, 2010144 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Source: Table 5.6.Total ExportsJapan1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100100200300400500

Thousand Barrels per DayExports toCanada and Mexico1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201005001,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per DayCanadaMexicoNetherlandsandLuxembourg4472111601228837363619171712Mexico Canada Netherlands Brazil Japan Italy France Spain Belgium United U.S. Virgin South0100200300400500

Thousand Barrels per DayIslands andPuerto RicoKingdom KoreaU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 145**T able 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Belgium** **and Luxembourg** **Brazil Canada** **France Italy** **Japan Mexico** **Nether lands** **South Korea** **Spain United** **Kingdom U.S. Virgin** **Islands and Puerto Rico** **Other Total** 1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1 52 2021965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1 54 1871966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 3 49 1981967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 7 65 3071968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 2 55 2311969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 2 59 2331970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 2 71 2591971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 3 67 2241972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 4 59 2221973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 3 56 2311974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 6 48 2211975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 12 40 2091976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 22 39 2231977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 11 39 2431978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 86 42 3621979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 170 45 4711980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 220 70 5441981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 220 97 5951982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 212 165 8151983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 144 202 7391984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 152 182 7221985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 162 193 7811986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 113 222 7851987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 136 179 7641988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 147 226 8151989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 141 249 8591990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 101 240 8571991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 117 330 1,0011992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 95 315 9501993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 108 370 1,0031994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 104 338 9421995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 123 317 9491996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 72 318 9811997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 18 340 1,0031998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 4 317 9451999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 8 276 9402000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 10 277 1,0402001 16 23 112 13 33 62 274 45 14 51 13 4 312 9712002 19 26 106 12 29 74 254 23 11 54 12 9 354 9842003 13 27 141 9 39 69 228 15 10 39 6 9 421 1,0272004 20 27 158 18 32 63 209 36 12 42 14 10 408 1,0482005 21 39 181 14 28 56 268 25 16 35 21 11 449 1,1652006 23 42 159 13 39 58 255 83 21 42 28 10 543 1,3172007 13 46 189 24 34 54 279 81 16 48 9 10 629 1,4332008 18 54 264 27 41 54 333 131 18 54 17 13 777 1,8022009 29 55 223 34 35R58 322 192 23 40 33 20R960R2,0242010P19 122 211 36 37 88 447 160 12 36 17 17 1,109 2,312R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in1960.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annualreports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2010Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC By Selected CountryTotal Net Imports as Share of Consumption Net Imports From OPEC146 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.7.OPECNonOPECSaudi ArabiaCanadaand Mexico1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201002468101214

Million Barrels per Day1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201001234

Million Barrels per DayVenezuelaTotalShare ofTotal Net ImportsShare ofConsumption2010: 49.3%2010:50.5%2010:24.9%1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100255075100

Percent1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100255075100

Percent1985: 27.3%1973: 34.8%U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 147**T able 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010** **Year Persian** **Gulf**2**Selected OPEC**1**Countries Selected Non-OPEC** 1**Countries Total** **Net Imports** **Total Net Imports as** **Share of Consumption** 5**Net Imports From OPEC**1**Algeria Nigeria** **Saudi Arabia** 3**Venezuela Total** **OPEC**4**Canada Mexico** **United Kingdom** **U.S. Virgin Islands and** **Puerto Rico Total** **Non-OPEC**4**Share of Total Net** **Imports**6**Share of Consumption** 7Thousand Barrels per DayPercent1960 NA8( )9( ) 84 910 1,232 86 -2 -12 34 381 1,613 16.5 76.4 12.61965 NA8( )9( ) 158 994 1,438 297 21 -11 45 843 2,281 19.8 63.0 12.51970 NA 89( ) 30 989 1,294 736 9 -1 270 1,867 3,161 21.5 40.9 8.81971 NA 15 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 24.3 45.1 11.01972 NA 92 251 189 959 2,044 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,475 4,519 27.6 45.2 12.51973 NA 136 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 34.8 49.6 17.31974 NA 190 713 461 978 3,254 1,038 -27 1 475 2,638 5,892 35.4 55.2 19.51975 NA 282 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 35.8 61.6 22.11976 NA 432 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 40.6 71.4 29.01977 NA 559 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 46.5 72.3 33.61978 NA 649 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 42.5 71.8 30.51979 NA 636 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 43.1 70.5 30.41980 NA 488 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 37.3 67.5 25.21981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 33.6 61.4 20.61982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 28.1 49.7 14.01983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 28.3 42.7 12.11984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 30.0 43.2 13.01985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 27.3 42.5 11.61986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 33.4 52.0 17.41987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 35.5 51.7 18.31988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 38.1 53.3 20.31989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 41.6 57.3 23.81990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 42.2 59.8 25.21991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 39.6 61.3 24.31992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 40.7 58.7 23.91993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 44.2 55.8 24.71994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 45.5 52.6 23.91995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 44.5 50.5 22.51996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 46.4 49.3 22.91997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 49.2 49.6 24.41998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 51.6 50.0 25.81999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 50.8 49.8 25.32000 2,483 225 896 1,571 1,530 5,181 1,697 1,015 356 297 5,238 10,419 52.9 49.7 26.32001 2,758 278 884 1,662 1,540 5,510 1,717 1,166 311 268 5,390 10,900 55.5 50.5 28.02002 2,265 264 620 1,551 1,387 4,589 1,864 1,292 467 224 5,958 10,546 53.4 43.5 23.22003 2,497 381 866 1,774 1,364 5,144 1,932 1,395 434 279 6,094 11,238 56.1 45.8 25.72004 2,489 452 1,139 1,557 1,548 5,688 1,980 1,456 366 321 6,409 12,097 58.4 47.0 27.42005 2,330 478 1,165 1,536 1,515 5,567 2,001 1,394 375 317 6,982 12,549 60.3 44.4 26.82006 2,208 657 1,111 1,462 1,392 5,480 2,194 1,450 244 318 6,910 12,390 59.9 44.2 26.52007 2,159 663 1,133 1,483 1,339 5,946 2,266 1,254 268 336 6,090 12,036 58.2 49.4 28.82008 2,368 548 982 1,529 1,162 5,899 2,229 969 219 307 5,214 11,114 57.0 53.1 30.32009R1,678R490R798R1,003R1,037R4,675R2,257R888R212 257R4,991R9,667R51.5R48.4R24.92010P1,704 507 1,009 1,093 967 4,769 2,321 833 239 238 4,672 9,440 49.3 50.5 24.91See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.2Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).3Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes importsfrom the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.4On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC."5Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied(consumption).6Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports.7Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum productsupplied (consumption).8Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960-1968, Algeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."9Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Notes:•The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for thecrude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported fromrefineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil.•Net imports equalimports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.•Data include any importsfor the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1960.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1960-1975—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Crude Petroleum and PetroleumProducts" chapter.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,P.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2010Refinery and Blender Net Inputs Refinery and Blender Net Production of Selected Products148 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101See Table 5.8, footnote 4. Source: Table 5.8.Residual Fuel Oil1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100481216

Million Barrels per Day1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100481216

Million Barrels per DayCrude OilMotor GasolineJet FuelDistillate Fuel OilNatural Gas Plant Liquidsand Other Liquids1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 149**T able 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Refinery and Blender Net Inputs** 1**Refinery and Blender Net Production**2**Processing Gain** **Crude Oil** 3**Natural Gas Plant** **Liquids Other** **Liquids**4**Total Asphalt** **and Road Oil** **Distillate Fuel Oil** **Jet Fuel** 5**Liquefied Petroleum** **Gases Motor** **Gasoline**6**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Still Gas** **Other Products** 7**Total**1949 5,327 234 28 5,588 155 9345( ) 64 2,572 46 1,164 226 425 5,587 -21950 5,739 259 19 6,018 179 1,0935( ) 80 2,735 47 1,165 229 492 6,019 21955 7,480 345 32 7,857 251 1,651 155 119 3,648 78 1,152 319 518 7,891 341960 8,067 455 61 8,583 286 1,823 241 212 4,126 164 908 354 616 8,729 1461965 9,043 618 88 9,750 357 2,096 523 293 4,507 236 736 395 827 9,970 2201970 10,870 763 121 11,754 428 2,454 827 345 5,699 296 706 483 876 12,113 3591975 12,442 710 72 13,225 408 2,653 871 311 6,518 354 1,235 523 811 13,685 4601976 13,416 725 59 14,200 391 2,924 918 340 6,838 356 1,377 541 993 14,677 4771977 14,602 673 74 15,349 431 3,277 973 352 7,031 369 1,754 572 1,114 15,874 5241978 14,739 639 92 15,470 482 3,167 970 355 7,167 369 1,667 603 1,186 15,966 4961979 14,648 510 78 15,236 467 3,152 1,012 340 6,837 376 1,687 598 1,296 15,763 5271980 13,481 462 81 14,025 393 2,661 999 330 6,492 370 1,580 581 1,215 14,622 5971981 12,470 524 488 13,482 340 2,613 968 315 6,400 390 1,321 565 1,078 13,990 5081982 11,774 515 572 12,861 329 2,606 978 270 6,336 410 1,070 554 839 13,391 5311983 11,685 460 505 12,650 372 2,456 1,022 328 6,338 420 852 550 801 13,138 4881984 12,044 500 581 13,126 386 2,680 1,132 363 6,453 439 891 559 776 13,679 5531985 12,002 509 681 13,192 401 2,686 1,189 391 6,419 455 882 584 743 13,750 5571986 12,716 479 711 13,906 410 2,796 1,293 417 6,752 506 889 641 818 14,522 6161987 12,854 466 667 13,987 434 2,729 1,343 449 6,841 512 885 643 791 14,626 6391988 13,246 511 610 14,367 443 2,857 1,370 499 6,956 544 926 670 758 15,022 6551989 13,401 499 613 14,513 424 2,899 1,403 554 6,963 542 954 681 755 15,175 6611990 13,409 467 713 14,589 449 2,925 1,488 499 6,959 552 950 673 778 15,272 6831991 13,301 472 768 14,541 430 2,962 1,438 536 6,975 568 934 651 761 15,256 7151992 13,411 469 745 14,626 419 2,974 1,399 607 7,058 596 892 659 796 15,398 7721993 13,613 491 917 15,021 451 3,132 1,422 592 7,304 619 835 653 780 15,787 7661994 13,866 465 691 15,023 451 3,205 1,448 611 7,181 622 826 657 790 15,791 7681995 13,973 471 775 15,220 467 3,155 1,416 654 7,459 630 788 647 778 15,994 7741996 14,195 450 843 15,487 459 3,316 1,515 662 7,565 664 726 654 764 16,324 8371997 14,662 416 832 15,909 485 3,392 1,554 691 7,743 689 708 661 836 16,759 8501998 14,889 403 853 16,144 498 3,424 1,526 674 7,892 712 762 656 886 17,030 8861999 14,804 372 927 16,103 505 3,399 1,565 684 7,934 713 698 656 835 16,989 8862000 15,067 380 849 16,295 525 3,580 1,606 705 7,951 727 696 659 793 17,243 9482001 15,128 429 825 16,382 485 3,695 1,530 667 8,022 767 721 670 729 17,285 9032002 14,947 429 941 16,316 492 3,592 1,514 671 8,183 781 601 667 771 17,273 9572003 15,304 419 791 16,513 496 3,707 1,488 658 8,194 798 660 702 784 17,487 9742004 15,475 422 866 16,762 508 3,814 1,547 645 8,265 836 655 704 838 17,814 1,0512005 15,220 441 1,149 16,811 512 3,954 1,546 573 8,318 835 628 684 752 17,800 9892006 15,242 501 1,238 16,981 506 4,040 1,481 627 8,364 848 635 709 764 17,975 9942007 15,156 505 1,337 16,999 456 4,133 1,448 655 8,358 823 673 697 752 17,994 9962008 14,648 485 2,019 17,153 410 4,294 1,493 630 8,548 818 620 670 664 18,146 9932009R14,336R485R2,082R16,904 359R4,048R1,396R623R8,786R799R598R664R608R17,882R9792010P14,722 435 2,207 17,364 378 4,226 1,418 651 9,046 812 582 670 647 18,428 1,0641See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary.2See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary.3Includes lease condensate.4Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviationand motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net).5Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products."6Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.7Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964,also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and specialnaphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annualreports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2010Number of Operable Refineries UtilizationCapacity150 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101 Operable refineries capacity on January 1. Source: Table 5.9.324 in 198168.6% in 1981148 in 201086.2% in 20101950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100100200300400

Total Units1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010020406080100

Percent1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 200505101520

Million Barrels per DayCapacity1Unused CapacityGross Input to Distillation UnitsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 151**T able 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Operable** **Refineries**1**Operable Refineries Capacity Gross Input** **to Distillation Units**3**Utilization**4**On January 1 Annual Average** 2NumberThousand Barrels per DayThousand Barrels per DayPercent1949 336 6,231 NA 5,556 89.21950 320 6,223 NA 5,980 92.51955 296 8,386 NA 7,820 92.21960 309 9,843 NA 8,439 85.11965 293 10,420 NA 9,557 91.81970 276 12,021 NA 11,517 92.61975 279 14,961 NA 12,902 85.51976 276 15,237 NA 13,884 87.81977 282 16,398 NA 14,982 89.61978 296 17,048 NA 15,071 87.41979 308 17,441 NA 14,955 84.41980 319 17,988 NA 13,796 75.41981 324 18,621 18,603 12,752 68.61982 301 17,890 17,432 12,172 69.91983 258 16,859 16,668 11,947 71.71984 247 16,137 16,035 12,216 76.21985 223 15,659 15,671 12,165 77.61986 216 15,459 15,459 12,826 82.91987 219 15,566 15,642 13,003 83.11988 213 15,915 15,927 13,447 84.71989 204 15,655 15,701 13,551 86.61990 205 15,572 15,623 13,610 87.11991 202 15,676 15,707 13,508 86.01992 199 15,696 15,460 13,600 87.91993 187 15,121 15,143 13,851 91.51994 179 15,034 15,150 14,032 92.61995 175 15,434 15,346 14,119 92.01996 170 15,333 15,239 14,337 94.11997 164 15,452 15,594 14,838 95.21998 163 15,711 15,802 15,113 95.61999 159 16,261 16,282 15,080 92.62000 158 16,512 16,525 15,299 92.62001 155 16,595 16,582 15,352 92.62002 153 16,785 16,744 15,180 90.72003 149 16,757 16,748 15,508 92.62004 149 16,894 16,974 15,783 93.02005 148 17,125 17,196 15,578 90.62006 149 17,339 17,385 15,602 89.72007 149 17,443 17,450 15,450 88.52008 150 17,594 17,607 15,027 85.32009 150 17,672R17,678R14,659R82.92010P148 17,584 17,590 15,162 86.21Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary.2Average of monthly capacity data.3See Note 3, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section.4Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sumof the current year’s January 1 capacity and the following year’s January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:**Operable Refineries**and**Operable Refineries Capacity:**•1949-1961—Bureau of MinesInformation Circular, "Petroleum Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States."•1962-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Refineries, Annual,annual reports.•1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Refineriesinthe United States.•1982-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA),annual reports.•2010—EIA,Refinery Capacity Report(June 2010), Table 1.**Gross Input to Distillation Units:**•1949-1966—Bureauof Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products"chapters.•1967-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Refineries, Annual,annualreports.•1978-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S.Territories.•1981-2009—EIA, PSA, annual reports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(January-December 2010 issues).**Utilization:**•1949-1980—Calculated.•1981-2009—EIA, PSA,annual reports.•2010—Calculated.Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids ProductionTotal, 1949-2010 By Product, 2010By Selected Product, 1949-2010152 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Natural gas plant liquids.2Liquefied petroleum gases.Source: Table 5.10.LPG21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201005001,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per DayNGPL1833565271184148Ethane Propane Pentanes Isobutane Normal02004006008001,000

Thousand Barrels per DayPlus ButaneIsobutaneNormal ButanePropane1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100300600900

Thousand Barrels per DayPentanes PlusEthaneU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 153**T able 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Finished** **Petroleum Products** 1**Liquefied Petroleum Gases Pentanes** **Plus**4**Total Ethane** 2**Isobutane Normal** **Butane**3**Propane**2,3**Total**1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 223 4301950 66 12 13 69 101 195 238 4991955 68 34 30 120 205 390 313 7711960 47 51 45 161 291 549 333 9291965 41 92 67 185 390 734 434 1,2101970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 540 1,6601975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 409 1,6331976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 403 1,6041977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 399 1,6181978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 382 1,5671979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 342 1,5841980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 345 1,5731981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 334 1,6091982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 282 1,5501983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 233 1,5591984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 292 1,6301985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 282 1,6091986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 269 1,5511987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 291 1,5951988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 302 1,6251989 NA 466 149 151 471 1,237 309 1,5461990 NA 477 151 149 474 1,250 309 1,5591991 NA 530 169 150 487 1,336 324 1,6591992 NA 541 189 137 499 1,365 332 1,6971993 NA 556 192 142 513 1,402 334 1,7361994 NA 559 195 136 510 1,400 326 1,7271995 NA 573 185 151 519 1,428 335 1,7621996 NA 627 192 150 525 1,494 336 1,8301997 NA 637 191 144 528 1,499 318 1,8171998 NA 607 181 148 513 1,450 309 1,7591999 NA 675 187 155 529 1,547 303 1,8502000 NA 717 188 160 539 1,605 306 1,9112001 NA 692 198 133 538 1,562 307 1,8682002 NA 700 201 131 549 1,581 300 1,8802003 NA 625 183 129 506 1,444 275 1,7192004 NA 686 168 152 526 1,532 277 1,8092005 NA 649 168 134 499 1,451 266 1,7172006 NA 676 163 136 501 1,476 263 1,7392007 NA 709 176 128 507 1,520 263 1,7832008 NA 701 173 134 512 1,520 264 1,7842009 NAR769 188R136R546R1,639R271R1,9102010PNA 833 184 148 565 1,731 271 2,0011Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products.2Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30percent propane.3Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40percent propane.4Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plantcondensate.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1968—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Crude Petroleum and PetroleumProducts" chapter.•1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement,Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by TypeBy Selected Product, 1949-2010By Product, 2010 Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Products Supplied,1949-2010154 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Liquefied petroleum gases.2Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanesplus, petrochemical feedstocks,special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude oil burned as fuel.Source: 5.11.Distillate Fuel OilMotor GasolineResidual Fuel OilLPG1Jet Fuel9.03.82.11.40.60.41.9Motor Distillate LPG1 Jet Residual Petroleum Other20246810

Million Barrels per Day1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100246810

Million Barrels per DayGasoline47% in 20101950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201001020304050

PercentCokeFuel OilFuelFuel OilU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 155**T able 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Asphalt and** **Road Oil Aviation** **Gasoline Distillate** **Fuel Oil Jet Fuel** 1**Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gases** **Lubricants Motor** **Gasoline**3**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Other**4**Total Percentage** **Change From Previous Year** 5**Propane**2**Total**1949 157 93 9021( ) 281 NA 187 91 2,410 40 1,359 243 5,763 – –1950 180 108 1,0821( ) 323 NA 234 106 2,616 41 1,517 250 6,458 12.11955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 3,463 67 1,526 366 8,455 9.01960 302 161 1,872 371 271 NA 621 117 3,969 149 1,529 435 9,797 3.11965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 657 11,512 4.21970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 866 14,697 4.01975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1,001 16,322 -2.01976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1,145 17,461 7.31977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1,294 18,431 5.31978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1,391 18,847 2.31979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1,546 18,513 -1.81980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1,581 17,056 -7.61981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1,176 16,058 -6.11982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 973 15,296 -4.71983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1,042 15,231 -.41984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1,120 15,726 3.51985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1,032 15,726 -.31986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1,105 16,281 3.51987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1,176 16,665 2.41988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1,286 17,283 4.01989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1,284 17,325 (s)1990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1,373 16,988 -1.91991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1,299 16,714 -1.61992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1,434 17,033 2.21993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1,373 17,237 .91994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1,454 17,718 2.81995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1,381 17,725 (s)1996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1,518 18,309 3.61997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1,605 18,620 1.41998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1,508 18,917 1.61999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 1,532 19,519 3.22000 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 1,458 19,701 1.22001 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 1,481 19,649 -.52002 512 18 3,776 1,614 43 1,248 2,163 151 8,848 463 700 1,474 19,761 .62003 503 16 3,927 1,578 55 1,215 2,074 140 8,935 455 772 1,579 20,034 1.42004 537 17 4,058 1,630 64 1,276 2,132 141 9,105 524 865 1,657 20,731 3.82005 546 19 4,118 1,679 70 1,229 2,030 141 9,159 515 920 1,605 20,802 .12006 521 18 4,169 1,633 54 1,215 2,052 137 9,253 522 689 1,640 20,687 -.62007 494 17 4,196 1,622 32 1,235 2,085 142 9,286 490 723 1,593 20,680 (s)2008 417 15 3,945 1,539 14 1,154 1,954 131 8,989 464 622 1,408 19,498 -5.52009R360 14 3,631R1,393R18R1,160R2,051R118R8,997R427R511R1,251R18,771R-4.02010P362 15 3,794 1,424 20 1,139 2,104 130 9,034 376 550 1,340 19,148 2.01Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."2Includes propylene.3Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.4Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.5Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent andgreater than -0.05 percent.Notes:•For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. SeeNote 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.•See Note2,"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section.•Totalsmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annualreports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products SuppliedPetroleum Products Supplied as Share Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Supplied,of Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2010 1949-2010By Product, 2010 By Selected Product, 1949-2010156 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 201038%in 20101950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100204060

Percent1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201001020304050

Quadrillion BtuPeak48% in 197746% in 1973Motor GasolineMotor GasolineDistillate Fuel OilTotal PetroleumResidual Fuel OilJet FuelFuel Oil37% in 19491950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201005101520

Quadrillion Btu17.28.12.92.71.30.94.0Motor Distillate Jet LPG1 Residual Asphalt Other205101520

Quadrillion BtuFuelGasoline1Liquefied petroleum gases.2Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemicalfeedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas,still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude burned as fuel.Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.Fuel OilandRoad OilU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 157**T able 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Asphalt and** **Road Oil Aviation** **Gasoline Distillate** **Fuel Oil Jet Fuel** 1**Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gases** **Lubricants Motor** **Gasoline**3**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Other**4**Total Percentage** **Change From Previous Yea** **r Propane** 2**Total**1949 380 172 1,9181( ) 582 NA 274 201 4,621 87 3,118 530 11,883 – –1950 435 199 2,3001( ) 668 NA 343 236 5,015 90 3,482 546 13,315 12.11955 615 354 3,385 301 662 NA 592 258 6,640 147 3,502 798 17,255 8.91960 734 298 3,992 739 563 NA 912 259 7,631 328 3,517 947 19,919 3.11965 890 222 4,519 1,215 553 NA 1,232 286 8,806 444 3,691 1,390 23,246 4.21970 1,082 100 5,401 1,973 544 1,086 1,689 301 11,091 465 5,057 1,817 29,521 4.21975 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649R2,109R32,732 -2.21976 998 67 6,679 2,026 351 1,166 1,907 338 13,415 537 6,445R2,413R35,178 7.51977 1,056 70 7,126 2,126 363 1,150 1,908 354 13,760 589 7,047R2,724R37,124 5.51978 1,160 71 7,296 2,164 363 1,089 1,892 380 14,211 562 6,936R2,928R37,963 2.31979 1,153 70 7,039 2,204 389 1,189 2,138 397 13,487 541 6,485R3,217R37,122 -2.21980 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772R3,278R34,205 -7.91981 828 56 6,014 2,062 263 1,082 1,949 339 12,631 553 4,791R2,446R31,932 -6.61982 829 47 5,679 2,072 266 1,117 1,978 309 12,538 545 3,939R2,030 30,232 -5.31983 904 48 5,720 2,141 263 1,051 1,990 324 12,697 503 3,260R2,202R30,052 -.61984 992 44 6,065 2,414 239 1,170 2,071 346 12,867 545 3,151R2,319R31,053 3.31985 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759R2,152R30,925 -.41986 1,086 59 6,196 2,682 203 1,163R2,010 315 13,487 590 3,255R2,315R32,198 4.11987 1,130 46 6,328 2,843 196 1,294R2,152 356 13,816 657 2,901R2,439R32,864 2.11988 1,136 49 6,655 2,982 200 1,296 2,213 343 14,105 687 3,170R2,682R34,223 4.11989 1,096 48 6,712 3,059 174 1,387 2,243 352 14,050 676 3,144R2,656R34,209 (s)1990 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820R2,839R33,552 -1.91991 1,077 42 6,210 3,025 96 1,374R2,228 324 13,781 722 2,657 2,685R32,846 -2.11992 1,102 41 6,351 3,001 86 1,449 2,328 330 13,973 843 2,518R2,951R33,525 2.11993 1,149 38 6,466 3,028 103 1,409 2,282 337 14,335 804 2,479R2,822R33,842 .91994 1,173 38 6,723 3,154 101 1,515 2,494 352 14,511 793 2,342 2,988 34,670 2.41995 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955R2,837R34,556 -.31996 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952R3,121R35,759 3.51997 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 3,298R36,265 1.41998 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 3,093 36,934 1.81999 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905R3,129 37,960 2.82000 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091R2,979R38,402 1.22001 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 3,056 38,333 -.22002 1,240 34 8,028 3,340 90 1,747 2,852 334 16,819 1,018 1,605R3,040R38,400 .22003 1,220 30 8,349 3,265 113 1,701R2,748 309 16,981 1,000 1,772R3,264R39,051 1.72004 1,304 31 8,652 3,383 133 1,791 2,824 313 17,379 1,156 1,990R3,428R40,593R3.92005 1,323 35 8,755 3,475 144 1,721 2,682 312 17,444 1,133 2,111R3,318R40,732 .32006 1,261 33 8,864 3,379 111 1,701R2,700 303 17,622 1,148 1,581 3,416 40,420 -.82007 1,197 32 8,921 3,358 67 1,729 2,733 313 17,689 1,077 1,659R3,313R40,358 -.22008 1,012 28 8,411 3,193 30 1,620 2,574 291 17,168 1,022 1,432R2,941R38,101 -5.62009R873R27 7,720R2,883R36R1,624R2,664R262R17,135R938R1,173R2,611R36,321R-4.72010P877 27 8,066 2,946 41 1,595 2,732 289 17,207 826 1,263 2,797 37,070 2.11Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."2Includes propylene.3Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.4Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent andgreater than -0.05 percent.Notes:•For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. SeeNote 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.•See Note2,"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section.•Totalsmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.Figure 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by SectorBy Sector, 1949-2010By Sector, 2010 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2010158 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sellelectricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note: See related Figure 5.13b.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010051015

Million Barrels per DayTransportationResidential and Commercial1Industrial1Electric Power20.70.44.413.50.2Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric051015

Million Barrels per Day422371110628543Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric0255075

Percent19492010Power2Power2Figure 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 1591Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note: See related Figure 5.13a.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.Distillate Fuel OilResidual FuelOilLPG21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per DayKerosene1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per DayLPG2Distillate Fuel OilPetroleum CokeAsphalt and Road Oil1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010036912

Million Barrels per DayMotor GasolineDistillate Fuel OilJet Fuel1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per DayPetroleum160 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Residential Sector** **Commercial Sector Distillate** **Fuel Oil Kerosene** **Liquefied Petroleum** **Gases Total** **Distillate Fuel Oil Kerosene** **Liquefied Petroleum** **Gases Motor** **Gasoline**3**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil Total** **CHP**1**Other**2**Total CHP** 1**Other**2**Total**1949 329 140 84 5534( ) 104 104 19 22 48 NA4( ) 153 153 3461950 390 168 104 6624( ) 123 123 23 28 52 NA4( ) 185 185 4111955 562 179 144 8854( ) 177 177 24 38 69 NA4( ) 209 209 5191960 736 171 217 1,1234( ) 232 232 23 58 35 NA4( ) 243 243 5901965 805 161 275 1,2424( ) 251 251 26 74 40 NA4( ) 281 281 6721970 883 144 392 1,4194( ) 276 276 30 102 45 NA4( ) 311 311 7641975 850 78 365 1,2934( ) 276 276 24 92 46 NA4( ) 214 214 6531976 932 89 379 1,4004( ) 308 308 21 97 50 NA4( ) 247 247 7221977 938 81 371 1,3904( ) 318 318 25 96 52 NA4( ) 256 256 7481978 917 74 360 1,3514( ) 313 313 26 94 56 NA4( ) 232 232 7211979 765 64 243 1,0724( ) 274 274 38 68 54 NA4( ) 220 220 6551980 617 51 222 8904( ) 243 243 20 63 56 NA4( ) 245 245 6261981 540 41 213 7944( ) 215 215 34 62 48 NA4( ) 182 182 5401982 494 46 206 7464( ) 207 207 15 58 46 NA4( ) 174 174 4991983 435 41 245 7214( ) 306 306 54 69 53 NA4( ) 91 91 5731984 512 77 199 7884( ) 345 345 17 59 56 NA4( ) 115 115 5931985 514 77 224 8154( ) 297 297 16 68 50 NA4( ) 99 99 5301986 523 59 220 8014( ) 293 293 24 66 55 NA4( ) 126 126 5661987 544 57 244 8454( ) 286 286 24 72 58 NA4( ) 114 114 5541988 558 69 243 8704( ) 281 281 13 71 57 NA4( ) 115 115 5371989 546 57 273 876 3 267 270 13 78 53 0 2 97 99 5141990 460 31 252 742 3 249 252 6 73 58 0 3 97 100 4891991 438 35 270 743 2 241 243 6 77 44 0 2 91 92 4631992 460 31 263 754 1 236 238 5 76 41 (s) 2 80 82 4431993 458 37 278 773 2 230 232 7 78 15 (s) 2 73 75 4071994 451 31 274 757 3 233 236 9 77 13 (s) 2 73 75 4101995 426 36 282 743 2 223 225 11 78 10 (s) 1 61 62 3851996 434 43 334 811 2 225 227 10 87 14 (s) 1 58 60 3971997 411 45 325 781 3 206 209 12 86 22 (s) 1 47 48 3781998 363 52 303 718 2 199 202 15 84 20 (s) 3 35 37 3581999 389 54 376 819 2 204 206 13 100 15 (s) 2 30 32 3662000 424 46 395 865 2 228 230 14 107 23 (s) 2 38 40 4152001 427 46 375 849 3 236 239 15 102 20 (s) 2 28 30 4062002 404 29 384 817 2 207 209 8 101 24 (s) 1 34 35 3762003 425 34 389 848 2 225 226 9 112 32 (s) 2 46 48 4282004 433 41 364 839 3 218 221 10 108 23 (s) 2 51 53 4162005 402 40 366 809 2 208 210 10 94 24 (s) 2 48 50 3892006 335 32 318 685 1 188 189 7 88 26 (s) 1 31 33 3432007 342 21 345 708 1 180 181 4 87 32 (s) 1 32 33 3372008R314 10 394R718 1R173R174 2 113 24 (s) 1 31 32R3452009R283R13R391R687 1R194R194 2R99R28 (s)R1R32R33R3572010P295 15 401 711 1 202 203 2 102 28 (s) (s) 36 37 3721Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-onlyplants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.2All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."3Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.4Included in "Other."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.Notes:•For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.•Totals may not equalsum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.Sources:**CHP**and**Petroleum Coke:**Table 8.7c.**All Other Data:**•1949-1959—Bureau of Mines,Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports, and U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) estimates.•1960-1972—EIA, "State Energy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2011),U.S. Tables CT4 and CT5.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly Energy Review(April 2011), Table 3.7a.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 161**T able 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Industrial Sector** **Asphalt and** **Road Oil Distillate Fuel Oil** **Kerosene Liquefied** **Petroleum Gases** **Lubricants Motor** **Gasoline**3**Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil** **Other Petroleum** 4**Total CHP** 1**Other**2**Total CHP** 1**Other**2**Total CHP** 1**Other**2**Total**1949 1575( ) 265 265 123 80 36 1215( ) 40 405( ) 534 534 243 1,5981950 1805( ) 328 328 132 100 43 1315( ) 41 415( ) 617 617 250 1,8221955 2545( ) 466 466 116 212 47 1735( ) 67 675( ) 686 686 366 2,3871960 3025( ) 476 476 78 333 48 1985( ) 149 1495( ) 689 689 435 2,7081965 3685( ) 541 541 80 470 62 1795( ) 202 2025( ) 689 689 657 3,2471970 4475( ) 577 577 89 699 70 1505( ) 203 2035( ) 708 708 866 3,8081975 4195( ) 630 630 58 844 68 1165( ) 246 2465( ) 658 658 1,001 4,0381976 4115( ) 717 717 59 895 75 1105( ) 242 2425( ) 792 792 1,145 4,4471977 4365( ) 809 809 69 918 82 1025( ) 266 2665( ) 844 844 1,294 4,8211978 4795( ) 823 823 75 921 88 935( ) 250 2505( ) 748 748 1,391 4,8671979 4765( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 845( ) 243 2435( ) 721 721 1,546 5,3431980 3965( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 825( ) 234 2345( ) 586 586 1,581 4,8421981 3425( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 835( ) 250 2505( ) 471 471 1,176 4,2731982 3425( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 725( ) 246 2465( ) 456 456 973 4,0581983 3735( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 595( ) 225 2255( ) 345 345 1,042 3,8541984 4085( ) 564 564 21 1,283 80 835( ) 244 2445( ) 386 386 1,120 4,1911985 4255( ) 526 526 21 1,285 75 1145( ) 261 2615( ) 326 326 1,032 4,0651986 4485( ) 546 546 16 1,207 73 1085( ) 264 2645( ) 321 321 1,105 4,0871987 4675( ) 537 537 14 1,279 83 1075( ) 294 2945( ) 253 253 1,176 4,2101988 4685( ) 530 530 14 1,326 80 1005( ) 306 3065( ) 237 237 1,286 4,3471989 453 5 531 536 14 1,300 82 104 5 295 300 57 121 178 1,284 4,2511990 483 7 534 541 6 1,215 84 97 25 300 325 63 116 179 1,373 4,3041991 444 12 495 507 5 1,326 75 101 22 293 315 55 91 146 1,299 4,2191992 454 10 509 519 5 1,402 77 101 26 336 362 59 109 168 1,434 4,5221993 474 10 515 525 6 1,363 78 94 22 308 330 65 129 194 1,373 4,4381994 484 10 513 522 8 1,505 82 101 25 304 329 69 113 183 1,454 4,6671995 486 6 526 532 7 1,527 80 105 26 302 328 60 87 147 1,381 4,5941996 484 8 549 557 9 1,580 78 105 27 317 343 66 80 146 1,518 4,8191997 505 8 558 566 9 1,617 82 111 37 294 331 56 71 127 1,605 4,9531998 521 16 554 570 11 1,553 86 105 29 362 390 60 40 100 1,508 4,8441999 547 16 542 558 6 1,709 87 80 31 395 426 52 38 90 1,532 5,0352000 525 10 553 563 8 1,720 86 79 19 342 361 48 57 105 1,458 4,9032001 519 9 602 611 11 1,557 79 155 15 375 390 46 42 89 1,481 4,8922002 512 6 561 566 7 1,668 78 163 21 362 383 37 46 83 1,474 4,9342003 503 10 525 534 12 1,561 72 171 17 358 375 38 58 96 1,579 4,9032004 537 9 561 570 14 1,646 73 195 18 405 423 46 62 108 1,657 5,2222005 546 11 583 594 19 1,549 72 187 14 390 404 46 77 123 1,605 5,1002006 521 5 589 594 14 1,627 71 198 21 404 425 33 71 104 1,640 5,1932007 494 4 591 595 6 1,637 73 161 22 390 412 30 54 84 1,593 5,0562008 417 3R596R599 2R1,419 67 131 16 377 394 14 73 86 1,408R4,5232009R360R7R514R521 2R1,541 61R128R17R347R363R13R33R46R1,251R4,2742010P362 4 540 544 2 1,581 67 129 13 297 310 9 42 52 1,340 4,3871Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.2All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."3Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.4Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.5Included in "Other."R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note1,"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.•Totals may not equalsum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.Sources:**CHP:**Table 8.7c.**All Other Data:**•1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.•1960-1972—EIA, "State Energy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2011), U.S. Table CT6.•1973forward—EIA,Monthly Energy Review(April 2011), Table 3.7b.162 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 5.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Transportation Sector** **Aviation Gasoline** **Distillate Fuel Oil** **Jet Fuel Liquefied** **Petroleum Gases Lubricants** **Motor Gasoline** 2**Residual Fuel Oil** **Total Kerosene Type** **Total**11949 93 190 01( ) 1 54 2,241 504 3,0841950 108 226 01( ) 2 64 2,433 524 3,3561955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 440 4,4581960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 367 5,1351965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 336 6,0361970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 332 7,7781975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 310 8,9511976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 358 9,3721977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 396 9,7611978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 431 10,1601979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 535 10,0051980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 608 9,5461981 31 1,365 808 1,006 24 74 6,456 531 9,4871982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 444 9,3071983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 358 9,4061984 24 1,383 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 351 9,5921985 27 1,491 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 342 9,8381986 32 1,514 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 379 10,1911987 25 1,568 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 392 10,5051988 27 1,701 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 399 10,8461989 26 1,734 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 423 10,9371990 24 1,722 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 443 10,8881991 23 1,694 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 447 10,7631992 22 1,728 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 465 10,8811993 21 1,785 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 393 11,1241994 21 1,896 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 385 11,4171995 21 1,973 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 397 11,6681996 20 2,096 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 370 11,9211997 22 2,198 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 310 12,0991998 19 2,263 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,128 294 12,4201999 21 2,352 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,336 290 12,7652000 20 2,422 1,725 1,725 8 81 8,370 386 13,0122001 19 2,489 1,656 1,655 10 74 8,435 255 12,9382002 18 2,536 1,621 1,614 10 73 8,662 295 13,2082003 16 2,665 1,578 1,578 12 68 8,733 249 13,3212004 17 2,783 1,630 1,630 14 69 8,887 321 13,7202005 19 2,858 1,679 1,679 20 68 8,948 365 13,9572006 18 3,017 1,633 1,633 20 67 9,029 395 14,1782007 17 3,037 1,622 1,622 16 69 9,093 433 14,2872008 15R2,824 1,539 1,539R29 64 8,834 400R13,7042009 14R2,600R1,393R1,393R20R57R8,840R353R13,2792010P15 2,714 1,424 1,424 21 63 8,877 394 13,5081Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.2Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.•Totals may not equalsum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.Sources:•1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.•1960-1972—EIA, "StateEnergy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2011), U.S. Table CT7.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly EnergyReview(April 2011), Table 3.7c.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 163**T able 5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Electric Power Sector** 1**Electricity Only Combined Heat and Power (CHP)** **Total Distillate** **Fuel Oil**2**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** 3**Total Distillate** **Fuel Oil**2**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** 3**Total Distillate** **Fuel Oil**2**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** 3**Total**1949 13 NA 169 182 NA NA NA NA 13 NA 169 1821950 15 NA 192 207 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 192 2071955 15 NA 191 206 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 191 2061960 10 NA 231 241 NA NA NA NA 10 NA 231 2411965 14 NA 302 316 NA NA NA NA 14 NA 302 3161970 66 9 853 928 NA NA NA NA 66 9 853 9281975 107 1 1,280 1,388 NA NA NA NA 107 1 1,280 1,3881976 114 1 1,405 1,520 NA NA NA NA 114 1 1,405 1,5201977 134 1 1,575 1,710 NA NA NA NA 134 1 1,575 1,7101978 130 5 1,612 1,747 NA NA NA NA 130 5 1,612 1,7471979 84 4 1,350 1,437 NA NA NA NA 84 4 1,350 1,4371980 79 2 1,069 1,151 NA NA NA NA 79 2 1,069 1,1511981 58 2 904 964 NA NA NA NA 58 2 904 9641982 42 2 642 686 NA NA NA NA 42 2 642 6861983 45 4 627 676 NA NA NA NA 45 4 627 6761984 42 3 517 562 NA NA NA NA 42 3 517 5621985 40 3 435 478 NA NA NA NA 40 3 435 4781986 39 4 592 636 NA NA NA NA 39 4 592 6361987 42 5 504 551 NA NA NA NA 42 5 504 5511988 51 6 627 683 NA NA NA NA 51 6 627 6831989470 7 663 740 2 0 6 8 72 7 669 7481990 41 14 497 551 4 0 10 15 45 14 507 5661991 38 13 469 520 1 0 4 5 39 13 473 5261992 33 18 371 422 2 2 8 12 34 20 379 4341993 37 21 409 467 4 15 9 27 41 36 418 4941994 46 16 369 431 11 15 10 36 56 32 379 4671995 44 15 237 296 7 22 9 38 51 37 247 3341996 47 14 263 325 4 22 10 36 51 36 273 3601997 48 23 301 373 4 23 10 37 52 46 311 4101998 61 30 448 539 3 26 8 37 64 56 456 5761999 63 26 409 497 3 25 9 38 66 51 418 5352000 77 20 370 466 6 25 8 39 82 45 378 5052001 76 25 430 531 4 22 7 33 80 47 437 5642002 59 54 281 394 1 26 6 33 60 80 287 4272003 71 66 373 510 5 14 6 24 76 79 379 5342004 49 83 376 509 3 17 6 26 52 101 382 5352005 51 94 376 521 3 17 6 26 54 111 382 5472006 34 82 151 267 1 15 6 22 35 97 157 2892007 40 65 167 272 2 13 6 21 42 78 173 2932008 33 58 99 189 2 12 6 19 34 70 104 2092009R32 50 73 154R1 13 6 21 33 63 79 1752010P36 57 62 156 1 8 6 15 37 65 68 1701Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants areincluded in "Electricity Only."2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.4Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Notes:•For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table5.11. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.•SeeTables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of petroleum used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for theamount of petroleum used to produce useful thermal output.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010Residential and Commercial1Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3164 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010PetroleumDistillateFuel OilResidualFuel OilLPG2KeroseneDistillateFuel OilLPG2Asphalt andRoad Oil1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Quadrillion BtuMotorGasoline1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010012345

Quadrillion BtuJet FuelDistillateFuel Oil1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201005101520

Quadrillion Btu1Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 165**T able 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors,** **Selected Years, 1949-2010**(Trillion Btu)**Year Residential Sector** **Commercial Sector Distillate** **Fuel Oil Kerosene** **Liquefied Petroleum** **Gases Total** **Distillate Fuel Oil** **Kerosene Liquefied** **Petroleum Gases** **Motor Gasoline** 1**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Total**1949 700 289R117R1,106 221 39R31 92 NA 351R7351950 829 347R146R1,322 262 47R39 100 NA 424R8721955 1,194 371R202R1,767 377 51R54 133 NA 480R1,0951960 1,568 354R305R2,227 494 48R81 67 NA 559R1,2481965 1,713 334R385R2,432 534 54R103 77 NA 645R1,4131970 1,878 298R549R2,725 587 61R143 86 NA 714R1,5921975 1,807 161R512R2,479 587 49R129 89 NA 492R1,3461976 1,987 184R532R2,703 656 44R136 97 NA 567R1,5001977 1,994 167R520R2,681 676 52R135 101 NA 588R1,5521978 1,951 153R504R2,607 666 55R131 107 NA 532R1,4901979 1,626 133R340R2,099 584 78R95 104 NA 505R1,3671980 1,316 107R311R1,734 518 41R88 107 NA 565R1,3181981 1,147 85R299R1,531 457 69R87 92 NA 417R1,1221982 1,050 95R289R1,434 440 30R81 88 NA 399R1,0371983 924 85R344R1,353 651 111R96 102 NA 208R1,1701984 1,091 160R280R1,531 735 36R83 107 NA 266R1,2271985 1,092 159R314R1,565 631 33R95 96 NA 228R1,0831986 1,111 121R308R1,541 623 50R93 106 NA 290R1,1621987 1,156 119R342R1,617 607 49R102 111 NA 263R1,1311988 1,190 144R341R1,675 600 26R99 110 NA 264R1,0991989 1,160 117R383R1,660 574 28R109 102 0 228R1,0411990 978 64R352R1,394 536 12R102 111 0 230R9911991 930 72R378R1,381 517 12R108 85 0 212R9351992 980 65R369R1,414 507 11R107 80 (s) 189R8931993 974 76R390R1,439 493 14R109 30 (s) 173R8191994 960 65R384R1,408 501 19R107 25 (s) 172R8251995 905 74R395R1,374 479 22R109 18 (s) 141R7691996 926 89R469R1,484 483 21R122 27 (s) 137R7901997 874 93R455R1,422 444 25R120 43 (s) 111R7431998 772 108R424R1,304 429 31R118 39 (s) 85R7021999 828 111R526R1,465 438 27R140 28 (s) 73R7072000 905 95R555R1,554 491 30R150 45 (s) 92R8072001 908 95R526R1,529 508 31R143 37 (s) 70R7902002 860 60R537R1,457 444 16R141 45 (s) 80R7262003 905 70R544R1,519 481 19R157 60 (s) 111R8282004 924 85R512R1,520 470 20R152 45 (s) 122R8102005 854 84R513R1,451 447 22R131 46 (s) 116R7622006 712 66R446R1,224 401 15R123 49 (s) 75R6642007 726 44R484R1,254 384 9R121 61 (s) 75R6512008R669 21R553R1,243R372 4R158 46 (s) 73R6532009R602R28R547R1,176R413R4R139R53 (s)R76R6852010P628 31 561 1,220 431 5 142 54 (s) 84 7171Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are estimates.•For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see datafor heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For petroleum, product supplied is used asan approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and PetroleumConsumption," at end of Section.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.166 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Industrial Sector** **Asphalt and** **Road Oil Distillate** **Fuel Oil Kerosene** **Liquefied Petroleum** **Gases Lubricants** **Motor Gasoline** 1**Petroleum Coke Residual** **Fuel Oil Other** **Petroleum**2**Total**1949 380 564 254R123 80 231 87 1,225 530R3,4751950 435 698 274R156 94 251 90 1,416 546R3,9601955 615 991 241R323 103 332 147 1,573 798R5,1231960 734 1,016 161R507 107 381 328 1,584 947R5,7661965 890 1,150 165R712 137 342 444 1,582 1,390R6,8131970 1,082 1,226 185R953 155 288 446 1,624 1,817R7,7761975 1,014 1,339 119R1,123 149 223 540 1,509R2,109R8,1271976 998 1,530 123R1,192 166 211 535 1,822R2,413R8,9901977 1,056 1,719 143R1,203 182 196 586 1,937R2,724R9,7471978 1,160 1,750 156R1,203 195 178 550 1,716R2,928R9,8351979 1,153 1,764 177R1,681 204 162 533 1,655R3,217R10,5481980 962 1,324 181R1,559 182 158 516 1,349R3,278R9,5091981 828 1,389 108R1,530 175 160 549 1,081R2,446R8,2651982 829 1,313 141R1,575 159 138 541 1,047R2,030R7,7721983 904 1,142 66R1,510 167 112 495 791R2,202R7,3901984 992 1,203 43R1,666 178 160 538 889R2,319R7,9871985 1,029 1,119 44R1,664 166 218 575 748R2,152R7,7141986 1,086 1,160 32R1,582 162 206 581 736R2,315R7,8601987 1,130 1,141 28R1,687 183 206 646 582R2,439R8,0421988 1,136 1,130 30R1,749 177 193 675 546R2,682R8,3171989 1,096 1,139 30R1,728 181 199 660 410R2,656R8,0981990 1,170 1,150 12R1,582 186 185 714 411R2,839R8,2511991 1,077 1,078 11R1,720 167 193 693 334 2,685R7,9581992 1,102 1,107 10R1,833 170 194 798 387R2,951R8,5521993 1,149 1,117 13R1,763 173 180 725 446R2,822R8,3881994 1,173 1,111 17R1,969 181 192 723 419 2,988R8,7731995 1,178 1,131 15R1,990 178 200 721 337R2,837R8,5881996 1,176 1,187 18R2,054 173 200 757 335R3,121R9,0201997 1,224 1,203 19R2,100 182 212 727 291 3,298R9,2561998 1,263 1,211 22R2,016 191 199 858 230 3,093R9,0831999 1,324 1,187 13R2,217 193 152 936 207R3,129R9,3572000 1,276 1,200 16R2,228 190 150 796 241R2,979R9,0762001 1,257 1,300 23R2,014 174 295 858 203 3,056R9,1812002 1,240 1,204 14R2,160 172 309 842 190R3,040R9,1712003 1,220 1,136 24R2,030 159 324 825 220R3,264R9,2022004 1,304 1,214 28R2,141 161 372 934 249R3,428R9,8312005 1,323 1,264 39R2,009 160 356 889 281R3,318R9,6402006 1,261 1,263 30R2,104 156 376 934 239 3,416R9,7802007 1,197 1,265 13R2,106 161 306 906 193R3,313R9,4612008 1,012R1,277 4R1,823 150 250 868 199R2,941R8,5232009R873R1,107R4R1,950R135R244R799R106R2,611R7,8292010P877 1,156 5 2,000 149 245 682 119 2,797 8,0291Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.2Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•Data are estimates.•For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see datafor heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For petroleum, product supplied is used asan approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and PetroleumConsumption," at end of Section.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.Sources: Tables 5.12, 5.13b, A1, and A3.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 167**T able 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors,** **Selected Years, 1949-2010**(Trillion Btu)**Year Transportation Sector** **Electric Power Sector**1**Aviation Gasoline** **Distillate Fuel Oil** **Jet Fuel Liquefied** **Petroleum Gases** **Lubricants Motor** **Gasoline**3**Residual Fuel Oil** **Total Distillate** **Fuel Oil**4**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** 5**Total Kerosene Type** **Total**21949 172 405 0 0 2 120 4,298 1,156 6,152 28 NA 387 4151950 199 480 0 0 3 141 4,664 1,201 6,690 32 NA 440 4721955 354 791 0 301R13 155 6,175 1,009R8,799 32 NA 439 4711960 298 892 188 739R19 152 7,183 844R10,125 22 NA 530 5531965 222 1,093 691 1,215R32 149 8,386 770R11,866 29 NA 693 7221970 100 1,569 1,486 1,973 44 147 10,716 761 15,310 141 19 1,958 2,1171975 71 2,121 1,619 2,029R43 155 12,485 711R17,615 226 2 2,937 3,1661976 67 2,288 1,613 2,002R47 172 13,107 824R18,508 243 2 3,232 3,4771977 70 2,489 1,684 2,090R50 172 13,464 908R19,243 283 3 3,614 3,9011978 71 2,679 1,750 2,138R54 184 13,927 990R20,044 276 12 3,699 3,9871979 70 2,905 1,795 2,186R22 193 13,221 1,228 19,825 178 8 3,097 3,2831980 64 2,795 1,754 2,179R18 172 12,383 1,398 19,009 169 5 2,459 2,6341981 56 2,901 1,671 2,058R34 165 12,379 1,219R18,813 124 4 2,073 2,2021982 47 2,790 1,661 2,069R34 150 12,312 1,020R18,422 89 4 1,474 1,5681983 48 2,905 1,736 2,141R40 157 12,482 821R18,595 96 8 1,440 1,5441984 44 2,948 1,977 2,414R43 168 12,600 807R19,023 88 8 1,190 1,2861985 50 3,170 2,079 2,497R30 156 12,784 786R19,472 85 7 998 1,0901986 59 3,218 2,287 2,682R27 153 13,174 870R20,183 83 9 1,359 1,4521987 46 3,335 2,444 2,843R22 173 13,499 900R20,817 90 10 1,157 1,2571988 49 3,626 2,565 2,982R23 167 13,802 919R21,568 109 12 1,442 1,5631989 48 3,687 2,658 3,059R23 171 13,749 971R21,707 152 16 1,535 1,7031990 45 3,661 2,774 3,129R23 176 13,575 1,016R21,626 97 30 1,163 1,2891991 42 3,601 2,681 3,025R21 157 13,503 1,026R21,374 84 29 1,085 1,1981992 41 3,684 2,718 3,001R19 161 13,699 1,070R21,675 74 45 872 9911993 38 3,796 2,809 3,028R20 163 14,126 901R22,073 86 79 959 1,1241994 38 4,032 3,063 3,154R34 171 14,293 883R22,605 120 70 869 1,0591995 40 4,195 3,099 3,132R18 168 14,607 911R23,070 108 81 566 7551996 37 4,469 3,268 3,274R16 163 14,837 851R23,648 109 80 628 8171997 40 4,672 3,307 3,308R14 172 14,999 712R23,918 111 102 715 9271998 35 4,812 3,359 3,357R18 180 15,463 674R24,538 136 124 1,047 1,3061999 39 5,001 3,466 3,462R14 182 15,855 665R25,219 140 112 959 1,2112000 36 5,165 3,580 3,580R12 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 99 871 1,1442001 35 5,292 3,427 3,426R14 164 16,041 586R25,557 171 103 1,003 1,2772002 34 5,392 3,354 3,340R14 162 16,465 677R26,085 127 175 659 9612003 30 5,666 3,266 3,265R17 150 16,597 571R26,297 161 175 869 1,2052004 31 5,932 3,382 3,383R19 152 16,962 740R27,219 111 222 879 1,2122005 35 6,076 3,475 3,475R28 151 17,043 837R27,645 115 243 876 1,2352006 33 6,414 3,379 3,379R27 147 17,197 906R28,105 74 214 361 6482007 32 6,457 3,358 3,358R22 152 17,321 994R28,335 89 171 397 6572008 28R6,020 3,193 3,193R40 141 16,872 920R27,214 73 154 240 4682009R27R5,528R2,883R2,883R28R127R16,837R810R26,240R70 139 181 3902010P27 5,771 2,946 2,946 29 140 16,908 904 26,726 80 143 155 3781Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.2Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.3Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.4Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.5Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Notes:•Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates.•For total heat content of petroleumconsumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For thetransportation sector, petroleum product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption.See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of Section.•Totals maynot equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2009Total by Fuel Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End UseResidual Fuel Oil by Major End Use Kerosene by Major End Use168 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Source: Table 5.15.On-HighwayDieselCommercialRailroad1985 1990 1995 2000 2005012345

Million Barrels per DayResidentialDistillateFuel Oil1985 1990 1995 2000 20050.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per DayKeroseneResidualFuel OilVesselBunkeringIndustrialCommercialCommercialIndustrialFarmElectric Power1985 1990 1995 2000 20050150300450600750

Thousand Barrels per DayResidential1985 1990 1995 2000 2005020406080

Thousand Barrels per DayU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 169**T able 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2009** (Thousand Barrels per Day)**Year Distillate Fuel Oil** **Residential Commercial** **Industrial Oil** **Company Farm** **Electric Power** 1**Railroad Vessel** **Bunkering On-Highway** **Diesel Military** **Off-Highway Diesel** **Other Total** 1984 534 360 166 55 208 42 192 115 1,093 46 114 46 2,9711985 504 291 159 45 202 34 182 111 1,127 43 99 11 2,8091990 475 260 169 49 222 50 203 135 1,393 46 118 (s) 3,1201991 442 246 151 48 206 39 188 133 1,336 53 107 (s) 2,9491992 474 245 150 43 228 35 206 144 1,391 42 114 (s) 3,0751993 475 241 139 46 222 36 196 141 1,485 32 137 (s) 3,1501994 472 246 148 44 213 43 205 143 1,594 40 140 (s) 3,2891995 447 237 146 45 227 39 224 153 1,668 30 142 – – 3,3571996 450 234 149 48 234 43 224 162 1,754 30 146 – – 3,4721997 426 216 151 56 231 41 214 168 1,867 28 149 – – 3,5461998 380 211 161 51 222 55 207 169 1,967 23 162 – – 3,6081999 411 218 162 43 223 53 211 158 2,091 23 162 – – 3,7562000 444 241 152 45 225 66 214 147 2,155 20 168 – – 3,8772001 433 243 161 49 234 88 198 133 2,167 26 177 – – 3,9082002 416 215 156 50 223 49 212 136 2,238 23 154 – – 3,8712003 452 240 156 33 209 75 239 145 2,420 27 169 – – 4,1652004 432 220 151 31 207 54 198 139 2,415 23 179 – – 4,0502005 401 210 160 31 210 59 225 131 2,482 18 193 – – 4,1202006 325 183 161 42 213 43 232 124 2,552 21 162 – – 4,0572007 335 177 161 51 209 44 237 126 2,596 24 164 – – 4,1232008 301 167 154 64 209 35 175 77R2,441 17 148 – –R3,7902009 268 184 143 48 173 35 135 83 2,228 15 128 – – 3,440**Residual Fuel Oil Kerosene** **Commercial Industrial** **Oil Company** **Electric Power** 1**Vessel Bunkering** **Military Other** 2**Total Residential** **Commercial Industrial** **Farm Other** **Total**1984 100 228 81 454 298 6 26 1,194 77 17 8 3 10 1151985 89 218 62 359 299 8 13 1,048 77 16 10 3 9 1141990395 147 21 566 413 7 231,250 31 6 4 1 1 431991 93 126 20 461 442 8 1 1,150 35 6 3 1 1 461992 77 138 18 388 427 6 1 1,054 31 5 3 1 (s) 411993 67 155 17 394 345 5 (s) 983 37 7 4 2 1 501994 69 152 16 374 351 4 (s) 967 31 9 6 2 1 491995 60 129 14 213 384 3 (s) 804 36 11 6 1 (s) 541996 60 136 11 280 371 4 1 862 43 10 7 2 (s) 621997 52 124 10 300 327 3 (s) 816 45 12 7 1 (s) 661998 47 117 8 420 367 2 (s) 961 52 15 8 2 1 781999 42 111 8 326 381 2 (s) 869 54 13 4 2 1 732000 43 103 10 284 417 2 (s) 859 46 14 6 2 (s) 672001 42 114 9 368 353 1 (s) 888 46 15 9 2 (s) 722002 37 82 7 233 316 (s) (s) 676 29 8 5 1 (s) 432003 49 92 5 344 253 1 (s) 744 34 9 11 1 (s) 552004 51 100 3 306 305 2 (s) 767 41 10 13 1 (s) 642005 47 109 5 376 338 2 (s) 877 40 10 17 1 (s) 702006 31 95 4 163 375 1 (s) 670 32 7 13 1 (s) 542007 31 77 3 173 413 1 (s) 698 21 4 6 1 (s) 322008 26 67 4 111 330 1 (s) 538 10 2 2 (s) (s) 142009 28 37 2 73 296 1 1 437 13 2 2 (s) (s) 171Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.2Sales to railroads are included in "Other."3Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources."R=Revised. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand barrels per day.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in1984.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1984—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Petroleum Marketing Annual 1988(October 1989), Tables A1-A3, and unpublished revision.•1985-2004—EIA,Fuel Oil and KeroseneSales,annual reports, Tables 1-3, and unpublished revisions.•2005 forward—EIA,Fuel Oil andKerosene Sales 2009(February 2011), Tables 1-3.Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by TypeTotal Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Stocks, 1949-2010By Type, 2010170 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S.stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR.2Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).3Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline andblending components, kerosene, lubricants,naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemicalfeedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.Note: Stocks are at end of year.Sources: Table 5.16.Total1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 200905001,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels (Cumulative)Petroleum ProductsSPR1 Crude OilNon-SPR Crude Oil1,05921916410981434177Crude Oil2 Motor Gasoline Distillate Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Residual Other Products302004006008001,0001,200

Million BarrelsFuel OilFuel OilNonSPRSPR1Petroleum GasesOilsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 171**T able 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Barrels)**Year Crude Oil and Lease Condensate** **Petroleum Products Total** **Petroleum SPR** 1**Non-SPR**2,3**Total**3**Distillate Fuel Oil** 4**Jet Fuel** 5**Liquefied Petroleum Gases Motor** **Gasoline**7**Residual Fuel Oil** **Unfinished Oils** **Other Products** 8**Total Products** **Propane**6**Total**1949 0 253 253 755( )9( ) 1 110 60 66 37 350 6031950 0 248 248 725( )9( ) 2 116 41 70 34 334 5831955 0 266 266 111 39( ) 7 165 39 68 55 449 7151960 0 240 240 138 79( ) 23 195 45 62 76 545 7851965 0 220 220 155 199( ) 30 175 56 89 92 616 8361970 0 276 276 195 289( ) 67 209 54 99 89 741 1,0181975 0 271 271 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 82 862 1,1331976 0 285 285 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 78 826 1,1121977 7 340 348 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 82 964 1,3121978 67 309 376 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 82 901 1,2781979 91 339 430 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 82 911 1,3411980 108 358 466 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 82 926 1,3921981 230 363 594 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 80 890 1,4841982 294 350 644 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 70 786 1,4301983 379 344 723 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 72 731 1,4541984 451 345 796 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 67 760 1,5561985 493 321 814 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 67 705 1,5191986 512 331 843 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 68 750 1,5931987 541 349 890 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 70 718 1,6071988 560 330 890 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 70 707 1,5971989 580 341 921 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 70 660 1,5811990 586 323 908 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 63 712 1,6211991 569 325 893 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 72 724 1,6171992 575 318 893 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 73 699 1,5921993 587 335 922 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 78 725 1,6471994 592 337 929 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 84 724 1,6531995 592 303 895 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 79 668 1,5631996 566 284 850 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 76 658 1,5071997 563 305 868 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 81 692 1,5601998 571 324 895 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 85 752 1,6471999 567 284 852 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 70 641 1,4932000 541 286 826 118 45 41 83 196 36 87 77 641 1,4682001 550 312 862 145 42 66 121 210 41 88 78 724 1,5862002 599 278 877 134 39 53 106 209 31 76 76 671 1,5482003 638 269 907 137 39 50 94 207 38 76 71 661 1,5682004 676 286 961 126 40 55 104 218 42 81 72 683 1,6452005 685 324 1,008 136 42 57 109 208 37 86 71 689 1,6982006 689 312 1,001 144 39 62 113 212 42 84 85 719 1,7202007 697 286 983 134 39 52 96 218 39 81 75 682 1,6652008 702 326 1,028 146 38 55 113 214 36 83 79 709 1,7372009 727 325 1,052R166 43R50R102 223R37 80 73R725 1,7762010P727 332 1,059 164 43 49 109 219 41 81 77 735 1,7941"SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR includenon-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.2All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR."3Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.4Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve.5Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products."6Includes propylene.7Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.8Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneousproducts. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviationgasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.9Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•Stocks are at end of year.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annualreports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010End-of-Year Stocks in SPR Crude Oil Imports for SPR1SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports2172 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocksby annual average daily net imports of allpetroleum.Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.Source: Table 5.17.1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100200400600800

Million Barrels727 in 201085924169360857243182719201004540108759412334193372001980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100255075100

Million Barrels181117436888961159491858182868377737567625957525057 57565556586375771980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100255075100125

Days1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100

Percent69% in 201041% in 2010Crude OilTotalPetroleumU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 173**T able 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010** (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)**Year Foreign Crude Oil Receipts** **Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals** **End-of-Year Stocks Days of** **Petroleum Net Imports** 4**Imported by SPR** **Imported by Others** 1,2**Purchases Exchanges** 2**Sales Exchanges** **Quantity Percent of** **Crude Oil**3**Stocks Percent of** **Total Petroleum Stocks** 1977 7.54 0.0050.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 0.6 11978 58.80 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 66.86 17.8 5.2 81979 24.43 .00 (s) .00 .00 .00 91.19 21.2 6.8 111980 16.07 .00 1.30 .00 .00 .00 107.80 23.1 7.7 171981 93.30 .00 28.79 .00 .00 .00 230.34 38.8 15.5 431982 60.19 .00 3.79 .00 .00 .00 293.83 45.7 20.5 681983 85.29 .00 .42 .00 .00 .00 379.09 52.4 26.1 881984 72.04 .00 .05 .00 .00 .00 450.51 56.6 28.9 961985 43.12 .00 .17 .00 .00 .00 493.32 60.6 32.5 1151986 17.56 .00 1.21 .00 .00 .00 511.57 60.7 32.1 941987 26.52 .00 2.69 .00 .00 .00 540.65 60.8 33.6 911988 18.76 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 559.52 62.9 35.0 851989 20.35 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 579.86 62.9 36.7 811990 9.77 .00 .00 .00 3.91 .00 585.69 64.5 36.1 821991 .00 .00 .00 .00 17.22 .00 568.51 63.7 35.2 861992 3.59 .00 2.60 .00 .00 .00 574.72 64.4 36.1 831993 5.37 .00 6.96 .00 .00 .00 587.08 63.6 35.6 771994 4.49 .00 .11 .00 .00 .00 591.67 63.7 35.8 731995 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 591.64 66.1 37.9 751996 .00 .90 .00 .00 25.82 .90 565.82 66.6 37.5 671997 .00 .00 .00 .00 2.33 .00 563.43 64.9 36.1 621998 .00 7.98 .00 .00 .00 .00 571.41 63.8 34.7 591999 3.04 3.60 .00 1.42 .00 10.75 567.24 66.6 38.0 572000 3.01 1.50 .00 2.29 .00633.35 540.68 65.4 36.8 522001 3.91 5.07 .58 .00 .00 .00 550.24 63.8 34.7 502002 5.77 35.59 .00 7.64 .00 .00 599.09 68.3 38.7 572003 .00 22.94 .00 16.40 .00 .00 638.39 70.4 40.7 572004 .00 34.24 .00 8.47 .00 5.44 675.60 70.3 41.1 562005 .00 18.88 .00 8.41 11.03 9.82 684.54 67.9 40.3 552006 .00 3.31 .00 2.44 .00 1.57 688.61 68.8 40.0 562007 .00 2.70 .00 1.68 .00 .00 696.94 70.9 41.8 582008 .00 7.11 .00 3.20 .00 5.40 701.82 68.3 40.4 632009 .00R20.29 .00 4.47 .00 .00 726.62 69.1 40.9 752010 .00 .00 .00 .38 .00 .40 726.55 68.6 40.5 771Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilitiesfor which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of thecommercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.2The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR receivedapproximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crudeoil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the U.S. Department ofEnergy and exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrelsdelivered to SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specificationrequirements of SPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude OilReceipts, Imported by Others," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "DomesticCrude Oil Receipts, Exchanges."3Includes lease condensate stocks.4Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum.Calculated prior to rounding.5The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior to injection of foreign crude oil.6Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil stocks in exchange for a like quantity plusabonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well as additional barrels to create a NortheastHome Heating Oil Reserve.R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels.Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petroleum stocks maintained by the FederalGovernment for use during periods of major supply interruption.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:**Imported by SPR**and**End-of-Year Stocks, Quantity:**•1977-1980—U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly(February 2011).**Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Oil Receipts,**and**Withdrawals:**U.S.Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, unpublished data.**All Other Dat a:** Calculated.Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase PricesU.S. Average Real1 and Nominal2 Prices, 1949-2010Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2010174 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.2See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3Alaska North Slope.Source: Table 5.18.Real1Nominal21950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100

Dollars per BarrelTexasTexas1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100255075100125

Nominal Dollars2 per BarrelNominal2 Prices1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100100200300400500600100

Index: 1977=100Real1 Prices, Indexed 1977=100ANS3CaliforniaTexas1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100255075100

Chained (2005) Dollars1 per BarrelReal1 PricesCaliforniaANS3CaliforniaANS3U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 175**T able 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Dollars per Barrel)**Year Alaska North Slope** **California Texas** **U.S. Average Nominal** 1**Real**2**Nominal**1**Real**2**Nominal**1**Real**2**Nominal**1**Real**21949 – – – – NA NA NA NA 2.54 17.531950 – – – – NA NA NA NA 2.51 17.141955 – – – – NA NA NA NA 2.77 16.701960 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.88 15.491965 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.86 14.361970 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.18 13.081975 NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.67 22.851976 NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.19 23.08197736.29316.66 7.92 20.98 8.58 22.73 8.57 22.701978 5.21 12.90 8.58 21.24 9.29 23.00 9.00 22.281979 10.57 24.15 12.78 29.20 12.65 28.91 12.64 28.881980 16.87 35.33 23.87 49.99 21.84 45.74 21.59 45.211981 23.23 44.48 26.80 51.32 35.06 67.13 31.77 60.831982 19.92 35.95 24.58 44.36 31.77 57.33 28.52 51.471983 17.69 30.71 22.61 39.25 29.35 50.95 26.19 45.471984 17.91 29.97 22.09 36.96 28.87 48.31 25.88 43.301985 16.98 27.58 22.14 35.96 26.80 43.52 24.09 39.121986 6.45 10.25 11.90 18.91 14.73 23.40 12.51 19.881987 10.83 16.72 13.92 21.49 17.55 27.10 15.40 23.781988 8.43 12.58 10.97 16.38 14.71 21.96 12.58 18.781989 12.00 17.26 14.06 20.22 17.81 25.62 15.86 22.811990 15.23 21.09 17.81 24.67 22.37 30.98 20.03 27.741991 11.57 15.48 13.72 18.35 19.04 25.47 16.54 22.121992 11.73 15.33 13.55 17.70 18.32 23.94 15.99 20.891993 10.84 13.86 12.11 15.48 16.19 20.70 14.25 18.221994 9.77 12.23 12.12 15.17 14.98 18.76 13.19 16.511995 11.12 13.64 14.00 17.17 16.38 20.09 14.62 17.931996 15.32 18.44 16.72 20.12 20.31 24.44 18.46 22.221997 14.84 17.55 15.78 18.66 18.66 22.07 17.23 20.381998 8.47 9.91 9.55 11.17 12.28 14.36 10.87 12.711999 12.46 14.36 14.08 16.23 17.29 19.93 15.56 17.932000 23.62 26.65 24.82 28.00 28.60 32.26 26.72 30.142001 18.18 20.06 20.11 22.18 23.41 25.82 21.84 24.092002 19.37 21.03 21.87 23.74 23.77 25.80 22.51 24.442003 23.78 25.27 26.43 28.09 29.13 30.96 27.56 29.292004 33.03 34.13 34.47 35.62 38.79 40.08 36.77 38.002005 47.05 47.05 47.08 47.08 52.61 52.61 50.28 50.282006 56.86 55.07 57.34 55.53 61.31 59.38 59.69 57.812007 63.69R59.92 65.07R61.22 68.30R64.25 66.52R62.582008 90.10R82.95 90.47R83.29 96.85R89.16 94.04R86.582009 54.41R49.64R56.11R51.19 57.40R52.37R56.35R51.412010P72.33 65.36 74.51 67.33 76.23 68.89 74.71 67.511See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.3Average for July through December only.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 4, "Crude OilDomestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1949-1973—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Crude Petroleum and PetroleumProducts" chapter.•1974-January 1976—Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-90, "CrudePetroleum Production Monthly Report."•February 1976-1977—FEA, Form FEA-P-124, "Domestic CrudeOil Purchaser’s Monthly Report."•1978-1982—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), FormERA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchaser’s Report."•1983 forward—EIA,Petroleum MarketingMonthly(April 2011), Table 18.Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected CountriesTotal, 19731-2010 By Selected Country, 2010By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2010 By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2010176 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 201011973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.2Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.Source: Table 5.19.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100306090120

Dollars2 per Barrel8382807976747373Nigeria Norway United Saudi Kuwait Colombia Mexico Canada0306090

Dollars2 per BarrelArabiaNigeriaKingdom1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100120

Dollars2 per Barrel1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100

Dollars2 per BarrelVenezuelaSaudiArabiaUnitedKingdomMexicoCanadaU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 177**T able 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010** (Dollars1per Barrel)**Year Persian** **Gulf**3**Selected OPEC**2**Countries Selected Non-OPEC** 2**Countries Total** **Kuwait Nigeria** **Saudi Arabia** **Venezuela Total** **OPEC**4**Canada Colombia** **Mexico Norway** **United Kingdom** **Total Non-OPEC** 4197355.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 5.33 W – – – 5.64 6.411974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 11.48 W W – – 11.81 12.321975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 12.84 – 12.61 12.80 – 12.70 12.701976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 13.36 – 12.64 13.74 W 13.35 13.321977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.13 – 13.82 14.93 14.83 14.42 14.361978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.41 – 13.56 14.68 14.53 14.38 14.351979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 20.22 – 20.77 22.55 22.97 22.10 21.451980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 35.68 33.99 33.671981 34.61 – 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 32.32 – 33.70 38.70 37.29 36.14 36.471982 34.94 – 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 27.15 – 28.63 34.70 34.25 31.47 33.181983 29.37 – 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 25.63 – 25.78 30.72 30.87 28.08 28.931984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 26.56 – 26.85 30.05 29.45 28.14 28.541985 25.50 – 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 25.71 – 25.63 28.32 28.36 26.53 26.671986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 14.63 13.52 13.491987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 18.78 17.66 17.651988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 15.82 13.96 14.081989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 18.74 17.54 17.681990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 22.65 20.98 21.131991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 21.37 17.93 18.021992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 20.63 17.67 17.751993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 17.92 15.78 15.721994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 16.64 15.29 15.181995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 17.91 16.95 16.781996 20.45 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 20.88 20.47 20.311997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 20.64 18.45 18.111998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 13.55 12.22 11.841999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 18.26 17.51 17.232000 26.77 26.28 30.04 26.58 26.05 27.29 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.13 29.26 27.80 27.532001 20.73 19.66 26.55 20.98 19.81 21.52 20.72 25.88 19.37 25.77 25.32 22.17 21.822002 24.13 23.04 26.45 24.77 21.93 23.83 22.98 25.28 22.09 26.60 26.35 23.97 23.912003 27.54 26.82 31.07 27.50 25.70 27.70 26.76 30.55 25.48 30.51 30.62 27.68 27.692004 36.53 35.89 40.95 37.11 33.79 36.84 34.51 39.03 32.25 39.92 39.28 35.29 36.072005 49.68 48.36 57.55 50.31 47.87 51.36 44.73 53.42 43.47 56.23 55.28 47.31 49.292006 58.92 57.64 68.26 59.19 57.37 61.21 53.90 62.13 53.76 64.39 67.44 57.14 59.112007 69.83 66.01 78.01 70.78 66.13 71.14 60.38 70.91 62.31 71.66 72.47 63.96 67.972008 93.59 86.35 104.83 94.75 90.76 95.49 90.00 93.43 85.97 104.13 96.95 90.59 93.332009R62.15R61.12R68.01R62.14R57.78R61.90R57.60R58.50 57.35R59.80R63.87R58.58R60.232010P78.31 75.90 83.11 78.94 72.43 78.16 72.80 74.25 72.86 82.20 80.12 74.68 76.431Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.3Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (betweenKuwait and Saudi Arabia).4On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on thistable Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (althoughGabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data forall countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."5Based on October, November, and December data only.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individualcompany data.Notes:•Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only; they do not account for refined petroleumproducts imported into the United States.•See "Crude Oil Landed Cost" in Glossary.•Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1973-September 1977—Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, "TransferPricing Report."•October 1977-December 1978—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), FormFEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report."•January 1979-September 1982—EIA, Form ERA-51,"Transfer Pricing Report."•October 1982-June 1984—EIA, Form EP-51, "Monthly Foreign Crude OilTransaction Report."•July 1984 forward—EIA,Petroleum Marketing Monthly(April 2011), Table 22; andEIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report."Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil ImportsTotal, 1973-2010 Totals, 2010By Selected Country, 2010178 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.Source: Table 5.20.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010060120180240300360

Billion Dollars1$256 BillionIn 201025612912648Total OPEC Non-OPEC Persian Gulf060120180240300

Billion Dollars1Nations52.431.130.329.924.19.25.43.50.8Canada Saudi Arabia Mexico Nigeria Venezuela Colombia Kuwait United Kingdom Norway0102030405060

Billion Dollars1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 179**T able 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010** (Billion Dollars1)**Year Persian** **Gulf**3**Selected OPEC**2**Countries Selected Non-OPEC** 2**Countries Total** 5**Kuwait Nigeria** **Saudi Arabia** **Venezuela Total** **OPEC**4**Canada Colombia** **Mexico Norway** **United Kingdom** **Total Non-OPEC** 41973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 1.9 W – 0.0 0.0 2.4 7.61974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 3.3 .0 W – .0 4.1 15.61975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 2.8 .0 .3 .1 – 4.1 19.01976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 1.8 – .4 .2 W 3.6 25.81977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 1.4 .0 .9 .3 .5 5.1 34.71978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 .8 27.1 1.3 .0 1.6 .6 .9 6.2 33.31979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 2.0 .0 3.3 .6 1.7 11.3 51.01980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 2.2 .0 5.9 1.9 2.3 17.4 64.91981 15.1 .0 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 1.9 .0 5.8 1.6 5.0 19.5 58.51982 8.4 – 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 2.1 .0 6.7 1.3 5.5 20.2 42.21983 4.3 – 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 2.6 .0 7.2 .7 4.1 19.1 35.21984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 3.3 .0 6.5 1.2 4.1 19.7 35.81985 2.3 – 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 4.4 .0 6.7 .3 2.9 18.3 31.21986 3.8 .1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 2.8 .3 2.8 .3 1.7 10.2 20.61987 6.0 .5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 3.8 .8 3.7 .5 2.1 14.7 30.11988 6.7 .4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 3.4 .6 3.1 .3 1.5 12.3 26.31989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 3.9 .9 4.3 .9 1.1 15.8 37.71990 13.5 .5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 4.8 1.1 4.9 .7 1.3 18.2 45.51991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 4.7 .9 4.4 .6 .8 15.7 38.01992 10.5 .2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 5.0 .7 4.5 .9 1.5 17.3 39.51993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 5.0 .9 4.4 .9 2.0 18.3 38.91994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 5.3 .8 4.8 1.2 2.4 19.4 39.11995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 2.2 22.6 44.31996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 1.6 30.5 55.81997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 1.3 29.9 54.41998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 .8 20.2 37.61999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 1.9 28.8 54.92000 23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 45.4 13.2 3.5 12.5 3.3 3.1 46.0 91.42001 20.2 1.7 8.2 12.3 9.3 38.1 10.3 2.5 9.9 2.6 2.3 36.2 74.32002 19.5 1.8 5.7 13.7 9.6 35.5 12.1 2.2 12.1 3.4 3.9 44.3 79.82003 24.4 2.0 9.4 17.3 11.1 46.3 15.1 1.8 14.6 2.0 4.0 51.4 97.72004 32.1 3.2 16.2 20.3 16.0 68.0 20.4 2.0 18.9 2.1 3.4 65.2 133.22005 40.0 4.0 22.6 26.5 21.7 90.3 26.7 3.0 24.7 2.4 4.5 91.9 182.22006 46.5 3.8 25.8 30.7 23.9 106.9 35.5 3.2 30.9 2.3 3.2 111.4 218.32007 53.9 4.2 30.9 37.4 27.7 139.9 41.6 3.6 32.0 1.5 2.7 109.0 248.92008 80.1 6.5 35.4 52.1 34.5 189.2 64.4 6.1 37.3 1.1 2.8 145.0 334.22009R37.6R4.0R19.3R22.2R20.1 98.4R40.8 5.4 22.9 1.3 2.4R99.7R198.12010P48.3 5.4 29.9 31.1 24.1 129.3 52.4 9.2 30.3 .8 3.5 126.3 255.61Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.3Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (betweenKuwait and Saudi Arabia).4On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on thistable Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (althoughGabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data forall countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."5Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than $0.05 billion. W=Value withheldtoavoid disclosure of individual company data.Notes:•Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values in this table are for the 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and volume data from the following sources:•1973-1975—U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines,Petroleum Statement, Annual,annualreports.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Petroleum Statement, Annual,annual reports.•1981-2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports.•2010—EIA,PetroleumSupply Monthly(February 2011).Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010Summary Composite CostsDomestic Costs Imported Costs180 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.Source: Table 5.21.1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100120

Nominal Dollars1 per BarrelComposite1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100

Dollars per BarrelReal2ImportedDomesticNominal1Nominal1Real21970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100120

Dollars per Barrel1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100

Dollars per BarrelNominal1Real2U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 181**T able 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010** (Dollars per Barrel)**Year Domestic** **Imported Composite** **Nominal**1**Real**2**Nominal**1**Real**2**Nominal**1**Real**21968E3.21 14.58 2.90 13.17 3.17 14.401969E3.37 14.59 2.80 12.12 3.29 14.241970E3.46 14.23 2.96 12.17 3.40 13.981971E3.68 14.41 3.17 12.42 3.60 14.101972E3.67 13.78 3.22 12.09 3.58 13.441973E4.17 14.83 4.08 14.51 4.15 14.761974 7.18 23.42 12.52 40.83 9.07 29.581975 8.39 25.00 13.93 41.50 10.38 30.931976 8.84 24.91 13.48 37.98 10.89 30.691977 9.55 25.30 14.53 38.49 11.96 31.681978 10.61 26.26 14.57 36.06 12.46 30.841979 14.27 32.61 21.67 49.52 17.72 40.491980 24.23 50.74 33.89 70.97 28.07 58.781981 34.33 65.73 37.05 70.94 35.24 67.481982 31.22 56.34 33.55 60.55 31.87 57.511983 28.87 50.12 29.30 50.87 28.99 50.331984 28.53 47.74 28.88 48.32 28.63 47.901985 26.66 43.30 26.99 43.83 26.75 43.441986 14.82 23.55 14.00 22.24 14.55 23.121987 17.76 27.42 18.13 27.99 17.90 27.641988 14.74 22.00 14.56 21.74 14.67 21.901989 17.87 25.71 18.08 26.01 17.97 25.851990 22.59 31.29 21.76 30.14 22.22 30.781991 19.33 25.86 18.70 25.01 19.06 25.491992 18.63 24.34 18.20 23.78 18.43 24.081993 16.67 21.31 16.14 20.63 16.41 20.981994 15.67 19.62 15.51 19.42 15.59 19.521995 17.33 21.25 17.14 21.02 17.23 21.131996 20.77 25.00 20.64 24.84 20.71 24.931997 19.61 23.19 18.53 21.91 19.04 22.521998 13.18 15.41 12.04 14.08 12.52 14.641999 17.90 20.63 17.26 19.89 17.51 20.182000 29.11 32.84 27.70 31.25 28.26 31.882001 24.33 26.84 22.00 24.27 22.95 25.322002 24.65 26.76 23.71 25.74 24.10 26.162003 29.82 31.69 27.71 29.45 28.53 30.322004 38.97 40.27 35.90 37.10 36.98 38.212005 52.94 52.94 48.86 48.86 50.24 50.242006 62.62 60.64 59.02 57.16 60.24 58.342007 69.65R65.52 67.04R63.07 67.94R63.922008 98.47R90.66 92.77R85.41 94.74R87.222009R59.49R54.27 59.17R53.98R59.29R54.092010P77.96 70.45 75.88 68.57 76.69 69.301See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not includecrude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the compositeis derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume ofall refiners’ purchases.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1968-1973—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. The cost of domesticcrude oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the reported average domestic firstpurchase value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated ocean transport costbased on the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" valuepublished by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was derived by weighting domestic costsand imported costs on the basis of quantities produced and imported.•1974-January 1976—FederalEnergy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost Allocation Report."•February 1976-June1978—FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Monthly Cost Allocation Report."•July 1978-1982—EIA,Form ERA-49, "Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program Refiners’ Monthly Report."•1983forward—EIA,Petroleum Marketing Monthly(April 2011), Table 1.Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010To Resellers To End Users182 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 5.22.ResidualFuel Oil1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.50

Dollars1 per Gallon, Excluding TaxesMotor GasolineResidualFuelOilMotor GasolineNo. 2DistillatePropane1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.50

Dolllars1 per Gallon, Excluding TaxesPropaneNo. 2DistillateU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 183**T able 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010** (Dollars1per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)**Product 1994** **1995 1996** **1997 1998** **1999 2000** **2001 2002** **2003 2004** **2005 2006** **2007 2008** **2009 2010** P**S ales Prices to Resellers:** 2Aviation Gasoline ............................ 0.933 0.975 1.055 1.065 0.912 1.007 1.330 1.256 1.146 1.288 1.627 2.076 2.490 2.758 3.342 2.480 2.874Motor Gasoline ............................... .599 .626 .713 .700 .526 .645 .963 .886 .828 1.002 1.288 1.670 1.969 2.182 2.586 1.767 2.165Unleaded Regular ......................... .566 .593 .685 .673 .499 .620 .942 .865 .806 .981 1.269 1.654 1.950 2.161 2.570 1.747 2.146Unleaded Midgrade ...................... .638 .670 .759 .749 .576 .696 1.013 .945 .885 1.061 1.340 1.708 2.016 2.245 2.610 1.784 2.185Unleaded Premium ....................... .695 .722 .803 .792 .617 .726 1.055 .980 .928 1.113 1.408 1.789 2.117 2.357 2.746 1.958 2.346Kerosene ........................................ .618 .580 .714 .653 .465 .550 .969 .821 .752 .955 1.271 1.757 2.007 2.249 2.851 1.844 2.299Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .534 .539 .646 .613 .450 .533 .880 .763 .716 .871 1.208 1.723 1.961 2.171 3.020 1.719 2.185No. 1 Distillate ............................... .615 .625 .751 .723 .513 .634 1.019 .883 .805 1.033 1.289 1.801 2.044 2.430 2.712 2.050 2.573No. 2 Distillate ............................... .522 .530 .653 .602 .439 .536 .896 .779 .718 .882 1.178 1.720 1.991 2.190 2.970 1.707 2.208No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ .506 .511 .639 .590 .422 .493 .886 .756 .694 .881 1.125 1.623 1.834 2.072 2.745 1.657 2.147No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... .529 .538 .659 .606 .444 .546 .898 .775 .724 .883 1.187 1.737 2.012 2.203 2.994 1.713 2.214No. 4 Fuel3.................................... .462 .463 .603 .551 .383 .430 .778 .697 .663 .793 1.033 1.377 1.395 1.551 2.157 1.561 WResidual Fuel Oil ............................ .317 .363 .420 .387 .280 .354 .566 .476 .530 .661 .681 .971 1.136 1.350 1.866 1.342 1.697Sulfur <= 1%4.............................. .345 .383 .456 .415 .299 .382 .627 .523 .546 .728 .764 1.115 1.202 1.406 1.918 1.337 1.756Sulfur > 1%4................................ .287 .338 .389 .366 .269 .329 .512 .428 .508 .588 .601 .842 1.085 1.314 1.843 1.344 1.679Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... .324 .344 .461 .416 .288 .342 .595 .540 .431 .607 .751 .933 1.031 1.194 1.437 .921 1.212**S ales Prices to End Users:** 2Aviation Gasoline ............................ .957 1.005 1.116 1.128 .975 1.059 1.306 1.323 1.288 1.493 1.819 2.231 2.682 2.849 3.273 2.442 3.028Motor Gasoline ............................... .738 .765 .847 .839 .673 .781 1.106 1.032 .947 1.156 1.435 1.829 2.128 2.345 2.775 1.888 2.301Unleaded Regular ......................... .689 .717 .807 .798 .630 .742 1.073 .997 .912 1.123 1.404 1.802 2.099 2.315 2.748 1.856 2.270Unleaded Midgrade ...................... .785 .808 .896 .895 .728 .835 1.168 1.100 1.010 1.218 1.499 1.893 2.213 2.438 2.879 1.997 2.416Unleaded Premium ....................... .865 .890 .972 .973 .805 .906 1.242 1.175 1.088 1.305 1.596 1.992 2.320 2.552 2.965R2.122 2.536Kerosene ........................................ .660 .589 .740 .745 .501 .605 1.123 1.045 .990 1.224 1.160 1.957 2.244 2.263 3.283 2.675 3.063Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .534 .540 .651 .613 .452 .543 .899 .775 .721 .872 1.207 1.735 1.998 2.165 3.052 1.704 2.201No. 1 Distillate ............................... .640 .620 .726 .689 .551 .621 .988 .902 .828 1.017 1.262 1.832 2.137 2.286 2.983 2.141 2.705No. 2 Distillate ............................... .556 .560 .680 .642 .492 .580 .934 .840 .759 .942 1.235 1.777 2.091 2.266 3.143 1.840 2.318No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ .572 .562 .673 .636 .482 .558 .927 .829 .737 .933 1.173 1.705 1.982 2.241 2.986 1.962 2.462No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... .554 .560 .681 .642 .494 .584 .935 .842 .762 .944 1.243 1.786 2.096 2.267 3.150 1.834 2.314No. 4 Fuel3.................................... .501 .505 .603 .565 .428 .474 .769 .679 .657 .856 1.017 W W W W W WResidual Fuel Oil ............................ .352 .392 .455 .423 .305 .374 .602 .531 .569 .698 .739 1.048 1.218 1.374 1.964 1.341 1.713Sulfur <= 1%4.............................. .401 .436 .526 .488 .354 .405 .708 .642 .640 .804 .835 1.168 1.342 1.436 2.144 1.413 1.920Sulfur > 1%4................................ .330 .377 .433 .403 .287 .362 .566 .492 .544 .651 .692 .974 1.173 1.350 1.889 1.306 1.619Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... .530 .492 .605 .552 .405 .458 .603 .506 .419 .577 .839 1.089 1.358 1.489 1.892 1.220 1.481**R efiner Margins** 5Motor Gasoline ............................... .228 .216 .220 .247 .228 .228 .290 .340 .254 .323 .408 .474 .535 .564 .330R.355 .339Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .163 .129 .153 .160 .152 .116 .207 .217 .142 .192 .328 .527 .527 .553 .764R.307 .359No. 2 Distillate ............................... .151 .120 .160 .149 .141 .119 .223 .233 .144 .203 .298 .524 .557 .572 .714R.295 .382Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -.054 -.048 -.072 -.066 -.018 -.063 -.107 -.070 -.044 -.018 -.199 -.225 -.298 -.268 -.390R-.070 -.129Composite6.................................... .198 .181 .194 .200 .195 .189 .261 .297 .216 .281 .367 .484 .530 .553 .453R.328 .3441Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimateconsumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.3Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel.4Sulfur content by weight.5In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crudeoil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers.6A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to resellers for aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jetfuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, and residual fuel oil.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration,Petroleum Marketing Monthly(April 2011), Tables 1,2,4, 6, and 16.Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010Motor Gasoline, Selected GradesDistillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane184 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.3> 15 and <= 500 parts per million.4> 500 parts per million.- - = Not applicable.Note: Data are preliminary.Source: Table 5.23.2.322.292.272.362.392.362.542.172.152.132.192.202.182.35All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded0.000.501.001.502.002.503.00

Dollars1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)To ResellersTo End UsersMidgradeConventional2MidgradeRegularRefomulatedRegularConventional2RegularMotor Gasoline(- -)Premium2.452.802.422.382.311.731.982.212.222.182.181.731.23No. 2 No. 2 Distillate No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel Residual Propane0.000.501.001.502.002.503.00

Dollars1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)To ResellersTo End Users(Consumer Grade)Fuel OilFuel, High Sulfur4Fuel, Low Sulfur3FuelFuel Oil to ResidencesDistillateU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 185**T able 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010** (Dollars1per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)**Product 1994** **1995 1996** **1997 1998** **1999 2000** **2001 2002** **2003 2004** **2005 2006** **2007 2008** **2009 2010** P**S ales Prices to Resellers** 2Motor Gasoline ......................................... 0.602 0.630 0.715 0.703 0.530 0.645 0.966 0.888 0.832 1.001 1.288 1.675 1.973 2.186 2.587 1.773 2.169Unleaded Regular ................................... .571 .599 .689 .677 .504 .621 .946 .868 .813 .982 1.271 1.659 1.956 2.165 2.570 1.753 2.151Conventional3...................................... .565 .583 .672 .658 .484 .596 .918 .838 .794 .950 1.241 1.639 1.93032.14532.56431.73232.133Oxygenated3........................................ .627 .662 .745 .754 .575 .690 1.016 .947 .858 1.031 1.289 1.667 1.9513( )3( )3( )3( )Reformulated ........................................ .632 .646 .733 .725 .551 .676 1.006 .930 .856 1.058 1.339 1.708 2.022 2.215 2.583 1.799 2.187Unleaded Midgrade ................................ .641 .673 .760 .751 .579 .694 1.014 .945 .886 1.056 1.338 1.719 2.024 2.252 2.636 1.803 2.196Conventional3...................................... .633 .651 .737 .723 .550 .658 .977 .901 .852 1.015 1.304 1.697 1.99232.23532.61131.77732.176Oxygenated3........................................ .689 .711 .789 .791 .599 .695 1.021 .965 .885 1.043 1.305 1.682 1.9993( )3( )3( )3( )Reformulated ........................................ .722 .719 .802 .801 .632 .758 1.080 1.022 .952 1.150 1.410 1.790 2.127 2.311 2.730R1.903 2.275Unleaded Premium ................................. .696 .724 .804 .794 .618 .724 1.055 .980 .929 1.105 1.400 1.792 2.122 2.362 2.749 1.959 2.350Conventional3...................................... .686 .695 .777 .764 .587 .688 1.013 .933 .897 1.055 1.351 1.756 2.08332.33032.74331.93232.327Oxygenated3........................................ .757 .787 .851 .856 .674 .779 1.119 1.020 .952 1.131 1.390 1.761 2.0493( )3( )3( )3( )Reformulated ........................................ .769 .779 .851 .845 .671 .787 1.117 1.054 .986 1.189 1.467 1.844 2.181 2.407 2.757 1.994 2.376No. 2 Distillate .......................................... .529 .536 .660 .611 .450 .538 .901 .785 .728 .891 1.178 1.727 1.999 2.208 2.975 1.727 2.216No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... .538 .546 .667 .616 .454 .552 .904 .791 .735 .891 1.191 1.754 2.029 2.230 3.013 1.730 2.219Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm4) ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.258 3.022 1.742 2.222Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm4) .... .542 .551 .673 .619 .457 .557 .909 .794 .738 .895 1.197 1.761 2.045 2.211 2.983 1.648 2.180High Sulfur (> 500 ppm4) ..................... .519 .524 .639 .602 .437 .519 .875 .771 .712 .870 1.146 1.704 1.915 1.959 2.887R1.724 2.177Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... .322 .366 .427 .396 .284 .355 .579 .496 .526 .675 .682 1.006 1.141 1.342 1.851 1.341 1.727Sulfur <= 1%5........................................ .350 .383 .461 .424 .305 .382 .638 .542 .548 .732 .740 1.107 1.205 1.377 1.898 1.349 1.812Sulfur > 1%5.......................................... .298 .344 .397 .375 .271 .333 .523 .438 .502 .621 .638 .899 1.087 1.314 1.821 1.337 1.694Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... .336 .354 .471 .426 .297 .354 .603 .556 .440 .615 .761 .939 1.041 1.206 1.455 .955 1.226**S ales Prices to End Users** 2Motor Gasoline ......................................... .729 .761 .843 .831 .660 .762 1.091 1.022 .943 1.135 1.423 1.828 2.121 2.338 2.772R1.893 2.316Unleaded Regular ................................... .690 .721 .809 .797 .623 .728 1.063 .993 .915 1.108 1.399 1.807 2.098 2.313 2.750R1.867 2.290Conventional3...................................... .685 .714 .801 .785 .610 .708 1.044 .968 .901 1.082 1.373 1.789 2.07332.29732.7313,R1.84232.267Oxygenated3........................................ .737 .773 .861 .887 .694 .782 1.118 1.059 .964 1.142 1.414 1.768 2.0763( )3( )3( )3( )Reformulated ........................................ .743 .741 .833 .822 .651 .777 1.109 1.051 .949 1.183 1.478 1.861 2.168 2.357 2.807 1.944 2.358Unleaded Midgrade ................................ .770 .802 .885 .880 .711 .812 1.146 1.086 1.002 1.195 1.482 1.877 2.183 2.412 2.846 1.969 2.390Conventional3...................................... .766 .793 .874 .865 .695 .787 1.122 1.052 .985 1.166 1.453 1.855 2.15132.38932.8163,R1.93432.357Oxygenated3........................................ .821 .838 .929 .964 .763 .853 1.185 1.120 1.031 1.193 1.459 1.824 2.1383( )3( )3( )3( )Reformulated ........................................ .851 .829 .916 .915 .748 .869 1.197 1.156 1.042 1.277 1.569 1.945 2.273 2.476 2.936 2.077 2.494Unleaded Premium ................................. .852 .883 .962 .955 .786 .880 1.218 1.154 1.081 1.282 1.580 1.988 2.303 2.529 2.961R2.124 2.542Conventional3...................................... .846 .871 .950 .939 .769 .856 1.192 1.119 1.063 1.245 1.538 1.958 2.26332.49732.9353,R2.08232.504Oxygenated3........................................ .908 .938 1.019 1.054 .845 .940 1.279 1.218 1.128 1.307 1.568 1.915 2.2363( )3( )3( )3( )Reformulated ........................................ .937 .914 .991 .988 .822 .931 1.267 1.217 1.116 1.355 1.660 2.043 2.373 2.584 3.004R2.196 2.607No. 2 Distillate .......................................... .675 .673 .793 .753 .599 .678 1.044 .948 .874 1.058 1.339 1.895 2.176 2.365 3.222 1.964 2.449No. 2 Distillate to Residences6.............. .884 .867 .989 .984 .852 .876 1.311 1.250 1.129 1.355 1.548 2.052 2.365 2.592 3.219 2.386 2.798No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... .628 .636 .757 .714 .562 .654 1.006 .912 .837 1.008 1.316 1.886 2.165 2.348 3.230 1.918 2.415Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm4) ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.386 3.233 1.922 2.423Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm4) .... .642 .645 .767 .719 .565 .663 1.014 .917 .841 1.014 1.325 1.899 2.183 2.317 3.232 1.913 2.381High Sulfur (> 500 ppm4) ..................... .598 .614 .732 .698 .555 .620 .981 .892 .822 .986 1.281 1.833 2.084 2.187 3.187 1.865 2.308Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... .358 .397 .464 .429 .311 .378 .609 .533 .561 .696 .725 1.041 1.212 1.376 1.944R1.340 1.729Sulfur <= 1%5........................................ .403 .433 .529 .472 .356 .406 .683 .620 .612 .785 .794 1.148 1.322 1.445 2.098 1.422 1.953Sulfur > 1%5.......................................... .327 .376 .430 .407 .292 .366 .576 .498 .540 .651 .687 .985 1.175 1.354 1.896R1.312 1.662Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... .776 .766 .886 .878 .774 .781 1.048 1.094 .958 1.150 1.307 1.530 1.727 1.888 2.245 1.777 1.9761Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.2Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimateconsumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.3Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline.4"Ppm" is parts per million.5Sulfur content by weight.6See Note 5, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:•1994-2009—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Petroleum Marketing Annual,annual reports.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Marketing Monthly(April 2011); EIA, Form EIA-782A,"Refiners’/Gas Plant Operators’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report"; and EIA, Form EIA-782B,"Resellers’/Retailers’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel PricesMotor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2010 Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Highway Diesel Fuel, 2010Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2010 Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-2010, Indexed to 1978186 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.4“Reformulated Gasoline Areas” are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.5All grades, in chained (2005) dollars.Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.Nominal21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.001.002.003.004.00

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon2.7422.8642.7822.992Conventional Reformulated All Areas On-Highway0.001.503.004.50

Nominal Dollars2 per GallonReal1Gasoline Areas3 Gasoline Areas4Diesel FuelRegular Motor GasolineUnleadedPremiumConsumptionLeaded Regular1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100.001.002.003.004.00

Dollars per Gallon1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Index: 1978=1.0Real Price5UnleadedRegularU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 187**T able 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Dollars per Gallon)**Year Motor Gasoline by Grade** **Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type On-Highway** **Diesel Fuel Leaded Regular** **Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium** **All Grades Conventional** **Gasoline Areas**1,2**Reformulated Gasoline Areas** 3,4**All Areas Nominal** 5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Nominal**5**Nominal**5**Nominal**51949 0.268 1.850 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1950 .268 1.830 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1955 .291 1.754 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1960 .311 1.672 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1965 .312 1.566 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1970 .357 1.468 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1975 .567 1.689 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1976 .590 1.662 .614 1.730 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1977 .622 1.648 .656 1.738 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1978 .626 1.550 .670 1.658 NA NA .652 1.614 NA NA NA NA1979 .857 1.958 .903 2.063 NA NA .882 2.015 NA NA NA NA1980 1.191 2.494 1.245 2.607 NA NA 1.221 2.557 NA NA NA NA1981 1.311 2.510 1.378 2.639 1.470 2.815 1.353 2.591 NA NA NA NA1982 1.222 2.205 1.296 2.339 1.415 2.554 1.281 2.312 NA NA NA NA1983 1.157 2.009 1.241 2.154 1.383 2.401 1.225 2.127 NA NA NA NA1984 1.129 1.889 1.212 2.028 1.366 2.286 1.198 2.004 NA NA NA NA1985 1.115 1.811 1.202 1.952 1.340 2.176 1.196 1.942 NA NA NA NA1986 .857 1.362 .927 1.473 1.085 1.724 .931 1.479 NA NA NA NA1987 .897 1.385 .948 1.464 1.093 1.688 .957 1.478 NA NA NA NA1988 .899 1.342 .946 1.412 1.107 1.653 .963 1.438 NA NA NA NA1989 .998 1.436 1.021 1.469 1.197 1.722 1.060 1.525 NA NA NA NA1990 1.149 1.591 1.164 1.612 1.349 1.868 1.217 1.686 NA NA NA NA1991 NA NA 1.140 1.525 1.321 1.767 1.196 1.600 1.098 NA 1.098 NA1992 NA NA 1.127 1.473 1.316 1.720 1.190 1.555 1.087 NA 1.087 NA1993 NA NA 1.108 1.416 1.302 1.664 1.173 1.50021.067 NA 1.067 NA1994 NA NA 1.112 1.392 1.305 1.634 1.174 1.47021.072 NA 1.075 NA1995 NA NA 1.147 1.407 1.336 1.639 1.205 1.47821.10341.163 1.111 1.1091996 NA NA 1.231 1.482 1.413 1.701 1.288 1.55021.1924,R1.242R1.199 1.2351997 NA NA 1.234 1.459 1.416 1.675 1.291 1.52721.18941.252 1.199 1.1981998 NA NA 1.059 1.238 1.250 1.462 1.115 1.30421.01741.078 1.030 1.0441999 NA NA 1.165 1.343 1.357 1.564 1.221 1.40721.11641.195 1.136 1.1212000 NA NA 1.510 1.703 1.693 1.910 1.563 1.76321.46241.543 1.484 1.4912001 NA NA 1.461 1.612 1.657 1.828 1.531 1.689 1.384 1.498 1.420 1.4012002 NA NA 1.358 1.474 1.556 1.689 1.441 1.564 1.313 1.408 1.345 1.3192003 NA NA 1.591 1.691 1.777 1.888 1.638 1.741 1.516 1.655 1.561 1.5092004 NA NA 1.880 1.943 2.068 2.137 1.923 1.987 1.812 1.937 1.852 1.8102005 NA NA 2.295 2.295 2.491 2.491 2.338 2.338 2.240 2.335 2.270 2.4022006 NA NA 2.589 2.507 2.805 2.717 2.635 2.552 2.533 2.654 2.572 2.7052007 NA NA 2.801 2.635 3.033R2.853 2.849 2.680 2.767 2.857 2.796 2.8852008 NA NA 3.266 3.007 3.519 3.240 3.317R3.054 3.213 3.314 3.246 3.8032009 NA NA 2.350 2.144 2.607 2.378 2.401 2.190 2.315 2.433 2.353 2.4672010 NA NA 2.788 2.519 3.047 2.754 2.836 2.563 2.742 2.864 2.782 2.9921Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.2For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas."3"Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the EnvironmentalProtection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.4For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in"Reformulated Gasoline Areas."5See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.6In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised. NA=Not available.Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated,"and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources:**Motor Gasoline by Grade:**•1949-1973—Platt’s Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974,51st Edition.•1974 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), annual averages of monthlydata from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,U.S. City Average Gasoline Prices.**Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type:**EIA, weighted annual averages of data from "Weekly U.S. RetailGasoline Prices, Regular Grade."**On-Highway Diesel Fuel:**EIA, weighted annual averages of data from"Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."PetroleumNote 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption.Petroleumproduct supplied (see Table 5.11) is used as an approximation of petroleumconsumption. Petroleum products supplied is calculated as field production plusrenewable fuels and oxygenates production plus processing gain plus net importsminus stock change plus adjustments. Total products supplied include naturalgas plant liquids, unfinished oils, aviation gasoline blending components, andfinished petroleum products. Crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline stationswas reported as product supplied for either distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oiluntil January 1983. From January 1983 through December 2010, crude oil product supplied was reported based on quantities reported on Form EIA-813“Monthly Crude Oil Report.” Beginning with data for January 2010, reportingcrude oil used directly on Form EIA-813 was discontinued, and crude oil productsupplied was assumed equal to zero. The sector allocation of product supplied inTables 5.13a-5.13d for products used in more than one sector is derived fromsales to ultimate consumers by refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (seeU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and KeroseneSales) and from EIA electric power sector petroleum consumption data (seeTables 8.7b and 8.7c).Note 2. Changes Affecting PetroleumProduction and Product Supplied Statistics.Beginning in January 1981, several U.S. Energy Information Administrationsurvey forms and calculation methodologies were changed toreflect new developments in refinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Thosechanges affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillatefuel oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of thosechanges, motor gasoline production duringthe last half of 1980 would have averaged289 thousand barrels per day higher than that which was published on the old basis.Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980 wouldhave averaged, respectively, 105 thousand and 54 thousand barrels per day higher thanthe numbers that were published. A newadjustment was introduced for calculatingfinished motor gasoline product supplied beginning with data for January 1993. Thenew adjustment transferred product supplied for motor gasoline blending components and fuel ethanol to supply of finished motor gasoline. Applying the newgasoline adjustment method to gasoline product supplied data for 1992 increasedthe reported quantity 108 thousand barrelsper day at the U.S. level from 7,268thousand barrels per day to 7,376 thousand barrels per day.Note 3. Gross Input to Distillation Units.The methods of deriving Gross Inputto Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follows: for 1949-1966, GIDU isestimated by summing annual crude oil runsto stills, net unfinished oil reruns atrefineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plant condensate from natural gasprocessing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDU is estimated by summingannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinishedoil reruns, and refinery input of naturalgasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU is published annual data; andfor 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthly data.Note 4. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices.Crude oil domestic firstpurchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-1973, weighted averagedomestic first purchase values as reported by State agencies and calculated bythe Bureau of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a sample surveyof major first purchasers’ purchases; for1976 forward, weighted averages of allfirst purchasers’ purchases.Note 5. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices.Residential heating oil pricesfor 1956 through 1987 were formerly published in theAnnual Energy Review.Those data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—15.2; 1957—16.0; 1958—15.1;1959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6;1962—15.6; 1963—16.0; 1964—16.1;1965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9;1968—17.4; 1969—17.8; 1970—18.5;1971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8;1974—36.0; 1975—37.7; 1976—40.6;1977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4;1980—97.4; 1981—119.4; 1982—116.0;1983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3;1986—83.6; and 1987—80.3. Thesources of these data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Retail Prices andIndexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential Usage,” monthly; January1975–September 1977—Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-P112-M-1,“No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report”; October 1977–December1977—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-9, “No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report”; 1978 forward—EIA,Petroleum Marketing Annual, Table 15.188 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20106. Natural GasFigure 6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2010(Trillion Cubic Feet)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 1911Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.2Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.3Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel inthe delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Valuesare derived from source data prior to rounding forpublication. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.Figure 6.1 Natural Gas OverviewOverview, 1949-2010 Overview, 2010Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2010192 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Dry gas.2Underground storage. For 1980-2009, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-groundtanks.Source: Table 6.1.Production1Additions to Storage2Net ImportsWithdrawals from Storage2Consumption1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010-5051015202530-5

Trillion Cubic Feet21.63.71.124.1Production1 Imports Exports Consumption051015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201001234

Trillion Cubic FeetU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 193**T able 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Cubic Feet)**Year Dry Gas** **Production Supplemental** **Gaseous Fuels**2**Trade Storage** 1**Activity Balancing Item** 5**Consumption**6**Imports Exports** **Net Imports**3**Withdrawals Additions** **Net Withdrawals**41949 5,195 NA 0 20 -20 106 172 -66 -139 4,9711950 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 175 230 -54 -175 5,7671955 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 437 505 -68 -247 8,6941960 12,228 NA 156 11 144 713 844 -132 -274 11,9671965 15,286 NA 456 26 430 960 1,078 -118 -319 15,2801970 21,014 NA 821 70 751 1,459 1,857 -398 -228 21,1391975 19,236 NA 953 73 880 1,760 2,104 -344 -235 19,5381976 19,098 NA 964 65 899 1,921 1,756 165 -216 19,9461977 19,163 NA 1,011 56 955 1,750 2,307 -557 -41 19,5211978 19,122 NA 966 53 913 2,158 2,278 -120 -287 19,6271979 19,663 NA 1,253 56 1,198 2,047 2,295 -248 -372 20,2411980 19,403 155 985 49 936 1,972 1,949 23 -640 19,8771981 19,181 176 904 59 845 1,930 2,228 -297 -500 19,4041982 17,820 145 933 52 882 2,164 2,472 -308 -537 18,0011983 16,094 132 918 55 864 2,270 1,822 447 -703 16,8351984 17,466 110 843 55 788 2,098 2,295 -197 -217 17,9511985 16,454 126 950 55 894 2,397 2,163 235 -428 17,2811986 16,059 113 750 61 689 1,837 1,984 -147 -493 16,2211987 16,621 101 993 54 939 1,905 1,911 -6 -444 17,2111988 17,103 101 1,294 74 1,220 2,270 2,211 59 -453 18,0301989 17,311 107 1,382 107 1,275 2,854 2,528 326 101719,1191990 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 1,986 2,499 -513 307719,1741991 17,698 113 1,773 129 1,644 2,752 2,672 80 27719,5621992 17,840 118 2,138 216 1,921 2,772 2,599 173 176720,2281993 18,095 119 2,350 140 2,210 2,799 2,835 -36 401 20,7901994 18,821 111 2,624 162 2,462 2,579 2,865 -286 139 21,2471995 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 3,025 2,610 415 396 22,2071996 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2,981 2,979 2 860 22,6091997 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 2,894 2,870 24 871 22,7371998 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 2,432 2,961 -530 657 22,2461999 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 2,808 2,636 172 -119 22,4052000 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 3,550 2,721 829 -305 23,3332001 19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 2,344 3,510 -1,166 99 22,2392002 18,928 68 4,015 516 3,499 3,180 2,713 467 45 23,0072003 19,099 68 3,944 680 3,264 3,161 3,358 -197 44 22,2772004 18,591 60 4,259 854 3,404 3,088 3,202 -114 448 22,3892005 18,051 64 4,341 729 3,612 3,107 3,055 52 232 22,0112006 18,504 66 4,186 724 3,462 2,527 2,963 -436 89 21,6852007 19,266 63 4,608 822 3,785 3,375 3,183 192 -209 23,0972008R20,159 61 3,984R963R3,021R3,420R3,385 34R-7R23,2682009R20,580R65R3,751R1,072R2,679R3,007R3,362R-355R-130R22,8402010E21,577P67P3,737P1,136P2,601P3,303P3,298P5P-117P24,1331Underground storage. For 1980-2009, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks.2See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.3Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.4Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater thanwithdrawals.5Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludesintransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country).6See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.7For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted inboth "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,1989-1992," at end of section.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.Notes:•Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60°F. Forprior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60°F.•Totals may not equal sum of components dueto independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:**Dry Gas Production:**Table 6.2.**Supplemental Gaseous Fuels:**•1980-2005—U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA),Natural Gas Annual (NGA),annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly (NGM)(March 2011), Table 1.**Trade:**Table 6.3.**Storage Activit y:** •1949-2009—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2010—EIA, NGM (March 2011), Table 6.**Balancing Item :** Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and netwithdrawals.**Consumption:**Table 6.5.Figure 6.2 Natural Gas ProductionGross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2010 Production Flow, 2010(Trillion Cubic Feet)Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2010194 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Dry GasProduction1Volume reduction resulting from the removalof natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply.Source: Table 6.2.Gross Withdrawals1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010051015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet14.85.84.32.0Natural Gas Crude Oil Shale Gas Coalbed05101520

Trillion Cubic FeetWellsWellsWells WellsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 195**T able 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Cubic Feet)**Year Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals** **Repressuring Nonhydrocarbon** **Gases Removed Vented** **and Flared Marketed** **Production Extraction** **Loss**1**Dry Gas Production** **Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells** **Coalbed Wells Shale Gas Wells** **Total**1949 4,986 2,561 NA NA 7,547 1,273 NA 854 5,420 224 5,1951950 5,603 2,876 NA NA 8,480 1,397 NA 801 6,282 260 6,0221955 7,842 3,878 NA NA 11,720 1,541 NA 774 9,405 377 9,0291960 10,853 4,234 NA NA 15,088 1,754 NA 563 12,771 543 12,2281965 13,524 4,440 NA NA 17,963 1,604 NA 319 16,040 753 15,2861970 18,595 5,192 NA NA 23,786 1,376 NA 489 21,921 906 21,0141975 17,380 3,723 NA NA 21,104 861 NA 134 20,109 872 19,2361976 17,191 3,753 NA NA 20,944 859 NA 132 19,952 854 19,0981977 17,416 3,681 NA NA 21,097 935 NA 137 20,025 863 19,1631978 17,394 3,915 NA NA 21,309 1,181 NA 153 19,974 852 19,1221979 18,034 3,849 NA NA 21,883 1,245 NA 167 20,471 808 19,6631980 17,573 4,297 NA NA 21,870 1,365 199 125 20,180 777 19,4031981 17,337 4,251 NA NA 21,587 1,312 222 98 19,956 775 19,1811982 15,809 4,463 NA NA 20,272 1,388 208 93 18,582 762 17,8201983 14,153 4,506 NA NA 18,659 1,458 222 95 16,884 790 16,0941984 15,513 4,754 NA NA 20,267 1,630 224 108 18,304 838 17,4661985 14,535 5,071 NA NA 19,607 1,915 326 95 17,270 816 16,4541986 14,154 4,977 NA NA 19,131 1,838 337 98 16,859 800 16,0591987 14,807 5,333 NA NA 20,140 2,208 376 124 17,433 812 16,6211988 15,467 5,532 NA NA 20,999 2,478 460 143 17,918 816 17,1031989 15,709 5,366 NA NA 21,074 2,475 362 142 18,095 785 17,3111990 16,054 5,469 NA NA 21,523 2,489 289 150 18,594 784 17,8101991 16,018 5,732 NA NA 21,750 2,772 276 170 18,532 835 17,6981992 16,165 5,967 NA NA 22,132 2,973 280 168 18,712 872 17,8401993 16,691 6,035 NA NA 22,726 3,103 414 227 18,982 886 18,0951994 17,351 6,230 NA NA 23,581 3,231 412 228 19,710 889 18,8211995 17,282 6,462 NA NA 23,744 3,565 388 284 19,506 908 18,5991996 17,737 6,376 NA NA 24,114 3,511 518 272 19,812 958 18,8541997 17,844 6,369 NA NA 24,213 3,492 599 256 19,866 964 18,9021998 17,729 6,380 NA NA 24,108 3,427 617 103 19,961 938 19,0241999 17,590 6,233 NA NA 23,823 3,293 615 110 19,805 973 18,8322000 17,726 6,448 NA NA 24,174 3,380 505 91 20,198 1,016 19,1822001 18,129 6,371 NA NA 24,501 3,371 463 97 20,570 954 19,6162002 17,795 6,146 NA NA 23,941 3,455 502 99 19,885 957 18,9282003 17,882 6,237 NA NA 24,119 3,548 499 98 19,974 876 19,0992004 17,885 6,084 NA NA 23,970 3,702 654 96 19,517 927 18,5912005 17,472 5,985 NA NA 23,457 3,700 711 119 18,927 876 18,0512006 17,996 5,539 NA NA 23,535 3,265 731 129 19,410 906 18,5042007 17,065 5,818 1,780 NA 24,664 3,663 661 143 20,196 930 19,2662008R15,618R5,747R1,986 2,284R25,636 3,639R719 167R21,112 953R20,1592009R14,839R5,813R1,977 3,384R26,013R3,522R722R165R21,604R1,024R20,5802010E14,760E5,782E1,967E4,350P26,858E3,427E702E161E22,569P992E21,5771Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred topetroleum supply (see Tables 5.1b and 5.10).R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.Notes:•Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60°F.For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60°F.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:**Natural Gas Wells, Crude Oil Wells,**and**Coalbed Wells:**•1949-1966—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Natural Gas" chapter.•1967-2009—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Natural Gas Annual (NGA),annual reports.•2010—EIA estimates based on previous year’s data.**Sha le** **Gas Wells:**•2008 and 2009—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2010—EIA estimate based on data fromHPDI, LLC.**Total Gross Withdrawals, Marketed Production, Extraction Loss,**and**Dry Ga s** **Production:**•1949-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly(March2011), Table 1.**All Other Data:**•1949-2009—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2010—EIA estimates basedon previous year’s data.Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net ImportsTrade Overview, 1949-2010Trade, 2010 Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-2010196 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.2By pipeline.3As liquefied natural gas.4By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from Egypt, Nigeria, Norway, Qatar, Peru,and Yemen.5By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas.Source: Table 6.3.andTobago3Imports by Selected Country of OriginImports from Canada11950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010012345

Trillion Cubic Feet10.8% in 2010Total Imports4.2% in 198653.280.190.270.740.330.03Canada2 Trinidad Canada2 Mexico Japan3012345

Trillion Cubic Feet1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201005101520

PercentOther4Exports byCountry of DestinationTotal ExportsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 197**T able 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)**Year Imports by Country of Origin** **Exports by Country of Destination Net Imports** 1**Algeria**2**Canada**3**Egypt**2**Mexico**3**Nigeria**2**Qatar**2**Trinidad and Tobago** 2**Other**2,4**Total Canada** 3**Japan**2**Mexico**3**Other**2,5**Total Total** **Percent of U.S .** **Consumption**1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 0 20 -206( )1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 0 26 -266( )1955 0 11 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 0 31 -206( )1960 0 109 0 47 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 0 11 144 1.21965 0 405 0 52 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 0 26 430 2.81970 1 779 0 41 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 0 70 751 3.61975 5 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 0 73 880 4.51976 10 954 0 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 0 65 899 4.51977 11 997 0 2 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 0 56 955 4.91978 84 881 0 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 0 53 913 4.71979 253 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 0 56 1,198 5.91980 86 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 0 49 936 4.71981 37 762 0 105 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 0 59 845 4.41982 55 783 0 95 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 0 52 882 4.91983 131 712 0 75 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 0 55 864 5.11984 36 755 0 52 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 0 55 788 4.41985 24 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 0 55 894 5.21986 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 2 750 9 50 2 0 61 689 4.21987 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 0 54 939 5.51988 17 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 0 74 1,220 6.81989 42 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 0 107 1,275 6.71990 84 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 0 86 1,447 7.51991 64 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 0 129 1,644 8.41992 43 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 0 216 1,921 9.51993 82 2,267 0 2 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 0 140 2,210 10.61994 51 2,566 0 7 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 0 162 2,462 11.61995 18 2,816 0 7 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 0 154 2,687 12.11996 35 2,883 0 14 0 0 0 5 2,937 52 68 34 0 153 2,784 12.31997 66 2,899 0 17 0 0 0 12 2,994 56 62 38 0 157 2,837 12.51998 69 3,052 0 15 0 0 0 17 3,152 40 66 53 0 159 2,993 13.51999 76 3,368 0 55 0 20 51 17 3,586 39 64 61 0 163 3,422 15.32000 47 3,544 0 12 13 46 99R21 3,782 73 66 106 0 244 3,538 15.22001 65 3,729 0 10 38 23 98R14 3,977 167 66 141 0 373 3,604 16.22002 27 3,785 0 2 8 35 151R8 4,015 189 63 263 0 516 3,499 15.22003 53 3,437 0 0 50 14 378R11 3,944 271 66 343 0 680 3,264 14.72004 120 3,607 0 0 12 12 462R46 4,259 395 62 397 0 854 3,404 15.22005 97 3,700 73 9 8 3 439R11 4,341 358 65 305 0 729 3,612 16.42006 17 3,590 120 13 57 0 389 0 4,186 341 61 322 0 724 3,462 16.02007 77 3,783 115 54 95 18 448 18 4,608 482 47 292 2 822 3,785 16.42008 0 3,589 55 43 12 3 267 15 3,984R559R39 365 0R963R3,021R13.02009 0R3,271 160 28 13 13 236 29R3,751R701 31 338 3R1,072R2,679 11.72010P0 3,276 73 30 42 46 190 81 3,737 738 33 333 32 1,136 2,601 10.81Net imports equal imports minus exports.2As liquefied natural gas.3By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.4Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; Norway in 2008 forward; Oman in 2000-2005; Peru in 2010; UnitedArab Emirates in 1996-2000; Yemen in 2010; and Other (unassigned) in 2004.5Brazil in 2010; India in 2010; Russia in 2007; South Korea in 2009 and 2010; Spain in 2010; andUnited Kingdom in 2010.6Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:**Percent of U.S. Consumption:**Calculated.**All Other Data:**•1949-1954—U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) estimates based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas"chapter.•1955-1971—EIA, Federal Power Commission, by telephone.•1972-1987—EIA, FormFPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."•1988-2008—EIA,Natural GasAnnual,annual reports.•2009 and 2010—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly(March 2011), Table 4.Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2010Gross Withdrawals by Location Number of Producing WellsGross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas Well Average Productivity198 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010051015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative)1Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”2Gulf of Mexico.Source: Table 6.4.OnshoreTotal1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100100200300400500600

Thousands510 in 2010OffshorePeak productivity: 435 in 197179 in 20101960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010051015

Trillion Cubic FeetLouisiana11960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100100200300400500

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per WellOtherStates1Texas1FederalGOM2OklahomaU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 199**T able 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2010** **Year Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coalbed, and Shale Gas Wells** **Natural Gas Well Productivity State** **Location Gross** **Withdrawals From** **Natural Gas Wells Producing** **Wells**5**Average Productivity** **Texas**1**Louisiana**1**Oklahoma Other** **States**1**Federal Gulf of Mexico** 2**Total Onshore** 3**Offshore**4**Total**Billion Cubic FeetBillion Cubic FeetBillion Cubic FeetThousandsThousand Cubic FeetPer Day Per Well1960 6,965 3,313 1,133 3,6772( ) 15,088 14,815 273 15,088 10,853 91 326.71965 7,741 4,764 1,414 4,0442( ) 17,963 17,318 646 17,963 13,524 112 331.81966 7,935 5,365 1,502 4,2322( ) 19,034 18,026 1,007 19,034 13,894 112 338.41967 8,292 6,087 1,621 4,2522( ) 20,252 19,065 1,187 20,252 15,345 112 374.31968 8,566 6,778 1,607 4,3752( ) 21,325 19,801 1,524 21,325 16,540 114 395.11969 8,915 7,561 1,742 4,4622( ) 22,679 20,725 1,954 22,679 17,489 114 418.61970 9,399 8,076 1,811 4,5012( ) 23,786 21,368 2,419 23,786 18,595 117 433.61971 9,519 8,319 1,809 4,4422( ) 24,088 21,311 2,777 24,088 18,925 119 434.81972 9,550 8,160 1,928 4,3782( ) 24,016 20,978 3,039 24,016 19,043 121 429.41973 9,290 8,491 1,890 4,3962( ) 24,067 20,856 3,212 24,067 19,372 124 427.41974 8,859 7,920 1,757 4,3142( ) 22,850 19,335 3,515 22,850 18,669 126 404.91975 7,989 7,242 1,721 4,1522( ) 21,104 17,555 3,549 21,104 17,380 130 365.31976 7,666 7,143 1,842 4,2932( ) 20,944 17,348 3,596 20,944 17,191 138 341.51977 7,496 7,351 1,888 4,3622( ) 21,097 17,165 3,932 21,097 17,416 148 323.11978 6,988 7,639 1,892 4,7902( ) 21,309 16,953 4,356 21,309 17,394 157 302.71979 7,594 7,359 1,958 4,9732( ) 21,883 17,061 4,822 21,883 18,034 170 290.81980 7,656 7,008 2,019 5,1872( ) 21,870 16,967 4,902 21,870 17,573 182 263.81981 7,452 6,830 2,019 5,2872( ) 21,587 16,597 4,991 21,587 17,337 199 238.91982 6,976 6,217 1,985 5,0942( ) 20,272 15,499 4,773 20,272 15,809 211 205.51983 6,429 5,379 1,780 5,0712( ) 18,659 14,477 4,182 18,659 14,153 222 174.71984 6,712 5,888 2,046 5,6202( ) 20,267 15,560 4,707 20,267 15,513 234 181.21985 6,577 5,218 1,993 5,8182( ) 19,607 15,421 4,186 19,607 14,535 243 163.61986 6,656 4,965 1,972 5,5382( ) 19,131 14,945 4,186 19,131 14,154 242 160.61987 6,688 5,205 2,073 6,1742( ) 20,140 15,468 4,672 20,140 14,807 249 162.81988 6,919 5,248 2,167 6,6652( ) 20,999 16,253 4,747 20,999 15,467 257 164.31989 6,881 5,143 2,237 6,8132( ) 21,074 16,303 4,771 21,074 15,709 262 164.01990 6,907 5,303 2,258 7,0542( ) 21,523 16,476 5,047 21,523 16,054 269 163.41991 6,846 5,100 2,154 7,6512( ) 21,750 16,900 4,850 21,750 16,018 276 158.81992 6,708 4,977 2,017 8,4292( ) 22,132 17,361 4,772 22,132 16,165 275 160.41993 6,817 5,047 2,050 8,8122( ) 22,726 17,960 4,766 22,726 16,691 282 162.11994 6,912 5,226 1,935 9,5082( ) 23,581 18,585 4,996 23,581 17,351 292 162.91995 6,873 5,163 1,812 9,8962( ) 23,744 18,802 4,942 23,744 17,282 299 158.61996 7,028 5,351 1,735 9,9992( ) 24,114 18,867 5,246 24,114 17,737 302 160.6199715,73011,538 1,70419,999 5,242 24,213 18,897 5,316 24,213 17,844 311 157.21998 5,799 1,579 1,669 9,950 5,110 24,108 18,923 5,185 24,108 17,729 317 153.31999 5,575 1,599 1,594 10,002 5,053 23,823 18,692 5,131 23,823 17,590 302 159.42000 5,723 1,485 1,613 10,386 4,968 24,174 19,130 5,044 24,174 17,726 342 141.72001 5,752 1,525 1,615 10,542 5,066 24,501 19,364 5,137 24,501 18,129 373 133.12002 5,661 1,382 1,582 10,769 4,548 23,941 19,326 4,615 23,941 17,795 388 125.72003 5,791 1,378 1,558 10,944 4,447 24,119 19,614 4,505 24,119 17,882 393 124.62004 5,734 1,377 1,656 11,202 4,001 23,970 19,914 4,055 23,970 17,885 406 120.32005 6,007 1,310 1,639 11,350 3,151 23,457 20,252 3,205 23,457 17,472 426 112.42006 6,326 1,378 1,689 11,227 2,914 23,535 20,580 2,955 23,535 17,996 441 111.92007 6,961 1,383 1,784 11,723 2,813 24,664 21,805 2,859 24,664 17,065 453 103.22008R7,801R1,388R1,887R12,231R2,330R25,636R23,261R2,375R25,636R15,618R477R89.52009R7,654R1,559R1,858R12,499R2,444R26,013R23,528R2,485R26,013R14,839R493R82.42010P7,547P2,258P1,827P12,966P2,259P26,858E24,292E2,566P26,858E14,760E510E79.31Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginningin 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico."2Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these grosswithdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."3Includes State offshore gross withdrawals.4Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) grosswithdrawals.5As of December 31 each year.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in1960.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:**Offshore:**•1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey.•1982-1985—U.S. Minerals ManagementService,Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases,andpredecessor annual reports.•1986-2009—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Natural GasAnnual (NGA),annual reports.•2010—Calculated as total gross withdrawals minus onshore withdrawals.**Total (Gross Withdrawals):**•1960-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA,Natural GasMonthly(March 2011), Table 1.**Average Productivity:**Calculated as gross withdrawals from natural gaswells divided by the number of producing wells, and then divided by the number of days in the year.**All Other Data:**•1960-1966—Bureau of Mines,Natural Gas Production and Consumption.•1967-2009—EIA, NGA, annual reports and unpublished revisions.•2010—EIA estimates based onprevious year’s data.Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by SectorBy Sector, 1949-2010By Sector, 2010 Sector Shares, 1950 and 2010200 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Electric Power3Transportation4Commercial1Residential1Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.3Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.4Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines(primarily in compressors), and as fuel inthe delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.Source: Table 6.5.Industrial1, 21950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010024681012

Trillion Cubic Feet5.03.27.90.77.4Residential Commercial1 Industrial Transportation Electric0246810

Trillion Cubic FeetIndustrial1, 2421133333121759211Residential Commercial1 Industrial Transportation Electric0255075

Percent195020104Industrial1, 2Power3Power3U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 201**T able 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Cubic Feet)**Year Residential** **Sector Commercial Sector** **Industrial Sector Transportation Sector** **Electric Power Sector**1**Total CHP** 2**Other**3**Total Lease and** **Plant Fuel Other Industrial** **Total Pipelines** 6**and Dis tribution** 7**Vehicle Fuel** 8**Total Electricity** **Only CHP** **Total CHP** 4**Non-CHP**5**Total**1949 9939( ) 348 348 83510( ) 2,245 2,245 3,081 NA NA NA 550 NA 550 4,9711950 1,1989( ) 388 388 92810( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 629 NA 629 5,7671955 2,1249( ) 629 629 1,13110( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 1,153 NA 1,153 8,6941960 3,1039( ) 1,020 1,020 1,23710( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 1,725 NA 1,725 11,9671965 3,9039( ) 1,444 1,444 1,15610( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 2,321 NA 2,321 15,2801970 4,8379( ) 2,399 2,399 1,39910( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 3,932 NA 3,932 21,1391975 4,9249( ) 2,508 2,508 1,39610( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 3,158 NA 3,158 19,5381976 5,0519( ) 2,668 2,668 1,63410( ) 6,964 6,964 8,598 548 NA 548 3,081 NA 3,081 19,9461977 4,8219( ) 2,501 2,501 1,65910( ) 6,815 6,815 8,474 533 NA 533 3,191 NA 3,191 19,5211978 4,9039( ) 2,601 2,601 1,64810( ) 6,757 6,757 8,405 530 NA 530 3,188 NA 3,188 19,6271979 4,9659( ) 2,786 2,786 1,49910( ) 6,899 6,899 8,398 601 NA 601 3,491 NA 3,491 20,2411980 4,7529( ) 2,611 2,611 1,02610( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 3,682 NA 3,682 19,8771981 4,5469( ) 2,520 2,520 92810( ) 7,128 7,128 8,055 642 NA 642 3,640 NA 3,640 19,4041982 4,6339( ) 2,606 2,606 1,10910( ) 5,831 5,831 6,941 596 NA 596 3,226 NA 3,226 18,0011983 4,3819( ) 2,433 2,433 97810( ) 5,643 5,643 6,621 490 NA 490 2,911 NA 2,911 16,8351984 4,5559( ) 2,524 2,524 1,07710( ) 6,154 6,154 7,231 529 NA 529 3,111 NA 3,111 17,9511985 4,4339( ) 2,432 2,432 96610( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 3,044 NA 3,044 17,2811986 4,3149( ) 2,318 2,318 92310( ) 5,579 5,579 6,502 485 NA 485 2,602 NA 2,602 16,2211987 4,3159( ) 2,430 2,430 1,14910( ) 5,953 5,953 7,103 519 NA 519 2,844 NA 2,844 17,2111988 4,6309( ) 2,670 2,670 1,09610( ) 6,383 6,383 7,479 614 NA 614 2,636 NA 2,636 18,0301989 4,781 30 2,688 2,718 1,070 914115,903116,816 7,886 629 NA 629112,79111315113,1051119,1191990 4,391 46 2,576 2,623 1,236 1,055115,963117,018 8,255 660 (s) 660112,79411451113,2451119,1741991 4,556 52 2,676 2,729 1,129 1,061116,170117,231 8,360 601 (s) 602112,82211494113,3161119,5621992 4,690 62 2,740 2,803 1,171 1,107116,420117,527 8,698 588 2 590112,82911619113,4481120,2281993 4,956 65 2,796 2,862 1,172 1,124 6,576 7,700 8,872 624 3 627 2,755 718 3,473 20,7901994 4,848 72 2,823 2,895 1,124 1,176 6,613 7,790 8,913 685 3 689 3,065 838 3,903 21,2471995 4,850 78 2,953 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 3,288 949 4,237 22,2071996 5,241 82 3,076 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 2,824 983 3,807 22,6091997 4,984 87 3,128 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 3,039 1,026 4,065 22,7371998 4,520 87 2,912 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 3,544 1,044 4,588 22,2461999 4,726 84 2,961 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 12 657 3,729 1,090 4,820 22,4052000 4,996 85 3,098 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 4,093 1,114 5,206 23,3332001 4,771 79 2,944 3,023 1,119 1,310 6,035 7,344 8,463 625 15 640 4,164 1,178 5,342 22,2392002 4,889 74 3,070 3,144 1,113 1,240 6,267 7,507 8,620 667 15 682 4,258 1,413 5,672 23,0072003 5,079 58 3,121 3,179 1,122 1,144 6,007 7,150 8,273 591 18 610 3,780 1,355 5,135 22,2772004 4,869 72 3,057 3,129 1,098 1,191 6,052 7,243 8,341 566 21 587 4,142 1,322 5,464 22,3892005 4,827 68 2,931 2,999 1,112 1,084 5,514 6,597 7,709 584 23 607 4,592 1,277 5,869 22,0112006 4,368 68 2,764 2,832 1,142 1,115 5,398 6,512 7,654 584 24 608 5,091 1,131 6,222 21,6852007 4,722 70 2,943 3,013 1,226 1,050 5,598 6,648 7,874 621 25 646 5,612 1,230 6,841 23,0972008R4,892 66R3,086R3,153R1,220 955R5,706R6,661R7,881 648R26R674 5,520 1,148 6,668R23,2682009R4,778R76R3,043R3,119R1,275R990R5,177R6,167R7,442R598R29R627R5,751R1,122R6,873R22,8402010P4,952 75 3,131 3,206 1,332 1,007 5,593 6,600 7,932 632 33 665 6,212 1,166 7,378 24,1331Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."2Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-onlyplants.3All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."4Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.5All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP."6Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.7Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.8Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. See Note 4, "Natural Gas VehicleFuel," at end of section.9Included in "Commercial Other."10Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."11For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted inboth "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," atend of section.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.Notes:•Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note1,"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.•See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of natural gasused to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of natural gas used to produce usefulthermal output.•See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.•Beginning with 1965, allvolumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60°F. For prior years, the pressure base was14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60°F.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:**Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial Total,**and**Pipelines and Distribution:**•1949-2005—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Natural GasAnnual (NGA),annual reports and unpublished revisions.•2006 forward—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly(NGM)(March 2011), Table 2.**Commercial CHP**and**Industrial CHP:**Table 8.7c.**Vehicle Fuel:**•1990and 1991—EIA, NGA 2000 (November 2001), Table 95.•1992-1998—EIA, "Alternatives to TraditionalTransportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels2003" (February 2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gasingasoline-equivalent gallons were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gasoline conversionfactor (see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conversion factor (see Table A4).•1999-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA, NGM (March 2011), Table 2.**Electr ic** **Power Sector:**Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.**All Other Data:**Calculated.Figure 6.6 Natural Gas Underground StorageUnderground Storage, 1954-2010 Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-2010Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2010 End-of-Year Storage as Share of Total Consumption, 1954-2010202 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.Note: Storage is at end of year.Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201002468

Trillion Cubic Feet1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100246810

Trillion Cubic Feet31%in 20101955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010012345

Trillion Cubic FeetPeak: 40% in 19861955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201001020304050

PercentBase Gas1Working Gas1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 203**T able 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, 1954-2010** (Billion Cubic Feet)**Year Natural Gas in Underground Storage** **Natural Gas Underground** **Storage Capacity** **Base Gas**1**Working Gas Total** **Salt Caverns Other Than** **Salt Caverns**2**Total Salt Caverns** **Other Than Salt Caverns** 2**Total Salt Caverns** **Other Than Salt Caverns** 2**Total**1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA NA 1,281 NA1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA NA 1,368 NA1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,184 NA1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,344 NA1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA NA 2,504 NA1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA NA 2,745 NA1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA NA 2,940 NA1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA NA 3,090 NA1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA NA 3,225 NA1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA NA 3,376 NA1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA NA 3,495 NA1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA NA 3,602 NA1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA NA 4,004 NA1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA NA 4,325 NA1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA NA 4,480 NA1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA NA 4,898 NA1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA NA 4,962 NA1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA NA 5,374 6,2801976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA NA 5,250 6,5441977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA NA 5,866 6,6781978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA NA 6,020 6,8901979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA NA 6,306 6,9291980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA NA 6,297 7,4341981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA NA 6,569 7,8051982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA NA 6,879 7,9151983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA NA 6,442 7,9851984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA NA 6,706 8,0431985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA NA 6,448 8,0871986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA NA 6,567 8,1451987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA NA 6,548 8,1241988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA NA 6,650 8,1241989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA NA 6,325 8,1201990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA NA 6,936 7,7941991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA NA 6,778 7,9931992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA NA 6,641 7,9321993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA NA 6,649 7,9891994 44 4,317 4,360 70 2,536 2,606 113 6,853 6,966 8,0431995 60 4,290 4,349 72 2,082 2,153 131 6,371 6,503 7,9531996 64 4,277 4,341 85 2,087 2,173 149 6,364 6,513 7,9801997 67 4,283 4,350 83 2,092 2,175 150 6,375 6,525 8,3321998 67 4,259 4,326 104 2,626 2,730 171 6,884 7,056 8,1791999 69 4,314 4,383 100 2,423 2,523 169 6,738 6,906 8,2292000 70 4,282 4,352 72 1,647 1,719 142 5,929 6,071 8,2412001 77 4,224 4,301 115 2,789 2,904 191 7,013 7,204 8,4152002 75 4,265 4,340 102 2,273 2,375 177 6,539 6,715 8,2072003 76 4,227 4,303 125 2,438 2,563 201 6,665 6,866 8,2062004 72 4,129 4,201 98 2,598 2,696 170 6,727 6,897 8,2552005 78 4,122 4,200 123 2,513 2,635 201 6,635 6,835 8,2682006 77 4,134 4,211 144 2,926 3,070 222 7,059 7,281 8,3302007 80 4,154 4,234 123 2,756 2,879 203 6,910 7,113 8,4022008 86 4,146 4,232 154 2,686 2,840 240 6,832 7,073 8,4992009R116 4,161R4,277R186R2,944R3,130 302R7,105 7,407R8,6562010P135 4,170 4,305 222 2,885 3,107 357 7,055 7,412 8,7101Includes native gas.2Depleted fields, aquifers, and other types of storage not using salt formations.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Notes:•Storage and capacity are at end of year.•Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on apressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60°F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60°F.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in1954.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:•1954-1974—American Gas Association,Gas Facts.•1975-1978—Federal EnergyAdministration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal PowerCommission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report."•1979-1984—U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy RegulatoryCommission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report."•1985-2008—EIA,Natural GasMonthly (NGM),monthly reports, andNatural Gas Annual,annual reports.•2009 and 2010—EIA, NGM(March 2011), Tables 6, 8, and 9, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly Underground Gas Storage Report."Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports PricesWellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2010 Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2010Wellhead, 1949-2010 Imports, 1972-2010204 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by usinggross domestic product implicit price deflators.See Table D1.Source: Table 6.7.ImportsCity Gate4.166.164.52Wellhead City Gate Imports02468

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic FeetWellhead1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010036912

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Dollars per Thousand Cubic FeetReal21975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010036912

Dollars per Thousand Cubic FeetReal2Nominal1Nominal1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 205**T able 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)**Year Wellhead** 1**City Gate**2**Imports Nominal** 3**Real**4**Nominal**3**Real**4**Nominal**3**Real**41949 0.06 0.41 NA NA NA NA1950 .07 .48 NA NA NA NA1955 .10 .60 NA NA NA NA1960 .14 .75 NA NA NA NA1965 .16 .80 NA NA NA NA1970 .17 .70 NA NA NA NA1975 .44 1.31 NA NA 1.21 3.611976 .58 1.63 NA NA 1.72 4.851977 .79 2.09 NA NA 1.98 5.241978 .91 2.25 NA NA 2.13 5.271979 1.18 2.70 NA NA 2.49 5.691980 1.59 3.33 NA NA 4.28 8.961981 1.98 3.79 NA NA 4.88 9.341982 2.46 4.44 NA NA 5.03 9.081983 2.59 4.50 NA NA 4.78 8.301984 2.66 4.45 3.95 6.61 4.08 6.831985 2.51 4.08 3.75 6.09 3.21 5.211986 1.94 3.08 3.22 5.12 2.43 3.861987 1.67 2.58 2.87 4.43 1.95 3.011988 1.69 2.52 2.92 4.36 1.84 2.751989 1.69 2.43 3.01 4.33 1.82 2.621990 1.71 2.37 3.03 4.20 1.94 2.691991 1.64 2.19 2.90 3.88 1.83 2.451992 1.74 2.27 3.01 3.93 1.85 2.421993 2.04 2.61 3.21 4.10 2.03 2.601994 1.85 2.32 3.07 3.84 1.87 2.341995 1.55 1.90 2.78 3.41 1.49 1.831996 2.17 2.61 3.27 3.94 1.97 2.371997 2.32 2.74 3.66 4.33 2.17 2.571998 1.96 2.29 3.07 3.59 1.97 2.301999 2.19 2.52 3.10 3.57 2.24 2.582000 3.68 4.15 4.62 5.21 3.95 4.462001 4.00 4.41 5.72 6.31 4.43 4.892002 2.95 3.20 4.12 4.47 3.15 3.422003 4.88 5.19 5.85 6.22 5.17 5.492004 5.46 5.64 6.65 6.87 5.81 6.002005 7.33 7.33 8.67 8.67 8.12 8.122006 6.39 6.19 8.61 8.34 6.88 6.662007 6.25 5.88 8.16 7.68 6.87R6.462008R7.97 7.34 9.18R8.45 8.70R8.012009R3.67R3.34R6.46 5.89 4.19 3.822010E4.16E3.76P6.16P5.57P4.52P4.081See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.2See "City Gate" in Glossary.3See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.4In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:**Wellhead**and**City Gate:**•1949-2005—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Natural Gas Annual (NGA),annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly (NGM)(March2011), Table 3.**Imports:**•1972 and 1973—Federal Power Commission (FPC),Pipeline Imports andExports of Natural Gas—Imports and Exports of LNG.•1974-1976—FPC,United States Imports andExports of Natural Gas,annual reports.•1977-2008—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2009 and 2010—EIA,NGM (March 2011), Table 4.Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by SectorNominal1 Prices, 2010 Real6Prices, Indexed, 1980-2010Real6Prices, 1967-2010206 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Based on 96.6 percentof volume delivered.3Based on 71.1 percent of volume delivered.4Based on 16.9 percent of volume delivered.5Based on 100.7 percent of volume delivered.For an explanation of values over 100 percent,see Table 6.8, footnote 8.6In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.See Table D1.Source: Table 6.8.1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00ResidentialCommercialIndustrialElectric Power11.209.155.405.26Residential2 Commercial3 Industrial Electric036912

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet4Power5ResidentialIndustrialCommercialElectric PowerVehicle Fuel1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201002468101214

Dollars per Thousand Cubic FeetU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 207**T able 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2010** (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)**Year Residential Sector** **Commercial Sector**1**Industrial Sector**2**Transportation Sector Electric Power Sector** 3**Prices Percentage** **of Sector** 7**Prices Percentage** **of Sector** 7**Prices Percentage** **of Sector** 7**Vehicle Fuel**4**Prices Prices** **Percentage of** **Sector**7,8**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**61967 1.04 4.93 NA 0.74 3.50 NA 0.34 1.61 NA NA NA 0.28 1.33 NA1970 1.09 4.48 NA .77 3.17 NA .37 1.52 NA NA NA .29 1.19 NA1971 1.15 4.50 NA .82 3.21 NA .41 1.61 NA NA NA .32 1.25 NA1972 1.21 4.54 NA .88 3.30 NA .45 1.69 NA NA NA .34 1.28 NA1973 1.29 4.59 NA .94 3.34 NA .50 1.78 NA NA NA .38 1.35 92.11974 1.43 4.66 NA 1.07 3.49 NA .67 2.18 NA NA NA .51 1.66 92.71975 1.71 5.09 NA 1.35 4.02 NA .96 2.86 NA NA NA .77 2.29 96.11976 1.98 5.58 NA 1.64 4.62 NA 1.24 3.49 NA NA NA 1.06 2.99 96.21977 2.35 6.23 NA 2.04 5.40 NA 1.50 3.97 NA NA NA 1.32 3.50 97.11978 2.56 6.34 NA 2.23 5.52 NA 1.70 4.21 NA NA NA 1.48 3.66 98.01979 2.98 6.81 NA 2.73 6.24 NA 1.99 4.55 NA NA NA 1.81 4.14 96.11980 3.68 7.71 NA 3.39 7.10 NA 2.56 5.36 NA NA NA 2.27 4.75 96.91981 4.29 8.21 NA 4.00 7.66 NA 3.14 6.01 NA NA NA 2.89 5.53 97.61982 5.17 9.33 NA 4.82 8.70 NA 3.87 6.98 85.1 NA NA 3.48 6.28 92.61983 6.06 10.52 NA 5.59 9.70 NA 4.18 7.26 80.7 NA NA 3.58 6.21 93.91984 6.12 10.24 NA 5.55 9.29 NA 4.22 7.06 74.7 NA NA 3.70 6.19 94.41985 6.12 9.94 NA 5.50 8.93 NA 3.95 6.41 68.8 NA NA 3.55 5.77 94.01986 5.83 9.26 NA 5.08 8.07 NA 3.23 5.13 59.8 NA NA 2.43 3.86 91.71987 5.54 8.55 NA 4.77 7.37 93.1 2.94 4.54 47.4 NA NA 2.32 3.58 91.61988 5.47 8.17 NA 4.63 6.91 90.7 2.95 4.40 42.6 NA NA 2.33 3.48 89.61989 5.64 8.11 99.9 4.74 6.82 89.1 2.96 4.26 36.9 4.17 6.00 2.43 3.50 79.61990 5.80 8.03 99.2 4.83 6.69 86.6 2.93 4.06 35.2 3.39 4.70 2.38 3.30 76.81991 5.82 7.78 99.2 4.81 6.43 85.1 2.69 3.60 32.7 3.96 5.30 2.18 2.92 79.31992 5.89 7.70 99.1 4.88 6.38 83.2 2.84 3.71 30.3 4.05 5.29 2.36 3.08 76.51993 6.16 7.87 99.1 5.22 6.67 83.9 3.07 3.92 29.7 4.27 5.46 2.61 3.34 74.11994 6.41 8.03 99.1 5.44 6.81 79.3 3.05 3.82 25.5 4.11 5.15 2.28 2.85 73.41995 6.06 7.43 99.0 5.05 6.19 76.7 2.71 3.32 24.5 3.98 4.88 2.02 2.48 71.41996 6.34 7.63 99.0 5.40 6.50 77.6 3.42 4.12 19.4 4.34 5.22 2.69 3.24 68.41997 6.94 8.21 98.8 5.80 6.86 70.8 3.59 4.25 18.1 4.44 5.25 2.78 3.29 68.01998 6.82 7.98 97.7 5.48 6.41 67.0 3.14 3.67 16.1 4.59 5.37 2.40 2.81 63.71999 6.69 7.71 95.2 5.33 6.14 66.1 3.12 3.60 18.8 4.34 5.00 2.62 3.02 58.32000 7.76 8.75 92.6 6.59 7.43 63.9 4.45 5.02 19.8 5.54 6.25 4.38 4.94 50.52001 9.63 10.62 92.4 8.43 9.30 66.0 5.24 5.78 20.8 6.60 7.28 4.61 5.09 40.22002 7.89 8.57 97.9 6.63 7.20 77.4 4.02 4.36 22.7 5.10 5.5433.6833.99383.92003 9.63 10.23 97.5 8.40 8.93 78.2 5.89 6.26 22.1 6.19 6.58 5.57 5.92 91.22004 10.75 11.11 97.7 9.43 9.74 78.0 6.53 6.75 23.7 7.16 7.40 6.11 6.31 89.82005 12.70 12.70 98.2 11.34 11.34 82.1 8.56 8.56 24.1 9.14 9.14 8.47 8.47 91.32006 13.73 13.30 98.1 12.00 11.62 80.8 7.87 7.62 23.4 8.72 8.45 7.11 6.89 93.42007 13.08 12.31 98.0 11.34R10.67 80.4 7.68 7.23 22.2 8.50R8.00 7.31 6.88 92.22008 13.89R12.79R97.5 12.23R11.26 79.9R9.65R8.88 20.5 11.75R10.82 9.26R8.53 101.12009R12.14R11.08R97.4R10.06R9.18R77.8R5.33R4.86R18.8R8.13R7.41R4.93R4.50R101.12010P11.20 10.12 96.6 9.15 8.27 71.1 5.40 4.88 16.9 NA NA 5.26 4.75 100.71Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercialelectricity-only plants.2Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-onlyplants.3Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 2001, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. SeeNote 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.4Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are usedprimarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas inthe operation of fleet vehicles.5See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.6In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.7The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available.8Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported naturalgas consumption—this can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts relatedto non-electric generating activities.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Notes:•Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.•The averagefor each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sectorby the total quantity consumed.•Prices are intended to include all taxes.•See Note 2, "Classification ofPower Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginningin1967.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.Sources:**Residential Percentage of Sector:**•1989-2009—U.S. Energy Information Administration(EIA), Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition."•2010—EIA, Form EIA-857, "Monthly Report of Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Consumers."**Vehicle Fuel:**EIA,Natural Gas Annual (NGA),annual reports.**Electric Power Pric e:** •1967-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2006-2009—EIA,Natural Gas Monthly (NGM)(March 2011),Table 3.•2010—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."**Electric Power Percentage o f** **Sector:**•1973-2001—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilitiesreported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (andpredecessor forms), divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for1973-1988, see Table 8.5b; for 1989-2001, see Table 8.7b).•2002-2008—Calculated by EIA as thequantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power producers reported on FormsFERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA-423, "MonthlyCost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed bythe electric power sector (see Table 8.7b).•2009 and 2010—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of naturalgas receipts by electric utilities and independent power producers reported on Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (seeTable 8.7b).**All Other Data:**•1967-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA, NGM(March 2011), Table 3.Natural GasNote 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels.Supplemental gaseous fuels are anysubstances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase thevolume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuelsare included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for1980 forward, the amount consumed by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA.These estimates are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous fuels)data for Tables 1.3, 2.1b, 2.1c, 2.1d,and 2.1f (note: to avoid double-counting inthese tables, supplemental gaseous fuelsare accounted for in their primary energycategory: “Coal,” “Petroleum,” or “Biomass”). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gasconsumed by the residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are not commingled with natural gasused for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The estimatedconsumption of supplemental gaseous fuelsby each sector (residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that sector’s natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption by the residential,commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors (see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in Btu, the residential,commercial, and other industrial values incubic feet are multiplied by the “End-UseSectors” conversion factors (see Table A4),and the electric power values in cubic feetare multiplied by the “Electric Power Sector” conversion factors (see Table A4).Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum ofthe Btu values for the sectors.Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption.Natural gas consumption statistics arecompiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distributioncompanies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sectorfrom these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and thenbalanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are thefollowing:Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for spaceheating, cooking, andother household uses;Commercial Sector—Consumption bynonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged inagriculture, forestry, and fishing. Thecommercial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermaloutput primarily to support the activitiesof the above-mentioned commercial establishments;Industrial Sector—Consumption by establishments engaged primarilyin processing unfinished materials into another form of product (including mining;petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning in 1996, agriculture, forestry,and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease and plant fuel. The industrialsector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal outputprimarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities;TransportationSector—Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, and natural gas delivered foruse as vehicle fuel; andElectric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)—Consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output at electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants withinthe NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992.Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on FormEIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply andDisposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those volumes are probably included inboth the industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in total consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feetwas reported as delivered to nonutilitygenerators.Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel.In Table 6.5, for 1992 forward, natural gasvehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. These revisions,in million cubic feet, are: 1992–2,112; 1993–2,860; 1994–3,222; 1995–4,619;1996–6,111; 1997–8,393; 1998–9,416; 1999–10,398; 2000–11,461; 2001–13,788;2002–15,810; 2003–17,484; 2004–21,487; 2005–22,578; 2006–23,317; 2007–24,186;2008–25,659; and 2009–26,936.Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices.For 1973-1982,data for electric power sector natural gas prices include all electric utility plants atwhich the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units combinedtotaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peaking units are also includedand counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater total. For 1983-1990, datainclude all electric utility plants at which the generator nameplate capacity of allsteam-electric units combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. For 1991-2001,data include all electric utility plantsat which the generator nameplate capacityof all steam-electric units and combined-cycle units together totaled 50 megawatts or greater. For 2002 forward, data include electric utility and independentpower producer plants at which the totalfacility fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of unit type.208 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20107. CoalFigure 7.0 Coal Flow, 2010(Million Short Tons)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 2111Includes fine coal, coal obtainedfrom a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste that are consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors.Notes: • Production categories are estimated;other data are preliminary. • Values arederived from source data prior to rounding for publication. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.Figure 7.1 Coal OverviewOverview, 1949-2010Overview, 2010 Production as Share of Consumption by Type of Fossil Fuel, 1949-2010212 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.2Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production as share of petroleum products supplied.Sources: Tables 5.1b, 6.1, and 7.1.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201005001,0001,500

Million Short TonsProductionConsumptionNet ExportsCoal1,08519821,048Production Imports Exports Consumption05001,0001,500

Million Short Tons1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201002550751001250

PercentNatural Gas1Petroleum2U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 213**T able 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Short Tons)**Year Production** 1**Waste Coal Supplied** 2**Trade Stock Change** 4**Losses and Unaccounted for** 5**Consumption Imports** **Exports Net Imports** 31949 480.6 NA 0.3 32.8 -32.56( )6-35.1 483.21950 560.4 NA .4 29.4 -29.06( )637.3 494.11955 490.8 NA .3 54.4 -54.16( )6-10.3 447.01960 434.3 NA .3 38.0 -37.76( )6-1.5 398.11965 527.0 NA .2 51.0 -50.86( )64.1 472.01970 612.7 NA (s) 71.7 -71.76( )617.7 523.21975 654.6 NA .9 66.3 -65.4 32.2 -5.5 562.61976 684.9 NA 1.2 60.0 -58.8 8.5 13.8 603.81977 697.2 NA 1.6 54.3 -52.7 22.6 -3.4 625.31978 670.2 NA 3.0 40.7 -37.8 -4.9 12.1 625.21979 781.1 NA 2.1 66.0 -64.0 36.2 .4 680.51980 829.7 NA 1.2 91.7 -90.5 25.6 10.8 702.71981 823.8 NA 1.0 112.5 -111.5 -19.0 -1.4 732.61982 838.1 NA .7 106.3 -105.5 22.6 3.1 706.91983 782.1 NA 1.3 77.8 -76.5 -29.5 -1.6 736.71984 895.9 NA 1.3 81.5 -80.2 28.7 -4.3 791.31985 883.6 NA 2.0 92.7 -90.7 -27.9 2.8 818.01986 890.3 NA 2.2 85.5 -83.3 4.0 -1.2 804.21987 918.8 NA 1.7 79.6 -77.9 6.5 -2.5 836.91988 950.3 NA 2.1 95.0 -92.9 -24.9 -1.3 883.61989 980.7 1.4 2.9 100.8 -98.0 -13.7 2.9 895.01990 1,029.1 3.3 2.7 105.8 -103.1 26.5 -1.7 904.51991 996.0 4.0 3.4 109.0 -105.6 -.9 -3.9 899.21992 997.5 6.3 3.8 102.5 -98.7 -3.0 .5 907.71993 945.4 8.1 8.2 74.5 -66.3 -51.9 -4.9 944.11994 1,033.5 8.2 8.9 71.4 -62.5 23.6 4.3 951.31995 1,033.0 8.6 9.5 88.5 -79.1 -.3 .6 962.11996 1,063.9 8.8 8.1 90.5 -82.4 -17.5 1.4 1,006.31997 1,089.9 8.1 7.5 83.5 -76.1 -11.3 3.7 1,029.51998 1,117.5 8.7 8.7 78.0 -69.3 24.2 -4.4 1,037.11999 1,100.4 8.7 9.1 58.5 -49.4 24.0 -2.9 1,038.62000 1,073.6 9.1 12.5 58.5 -46.0 -48.3 .9 1,084.1200111,127.7 10.1 19.8 48.7 -28.9 41.6 7.1 1,060.12002 1,094.3 9.1 16.9 39.6 -22.7 10.2 4.0 1,066.42003 1,071.8 10.0 25.0 43.0 -18.0 -26.7 -4.4 1,094.92004 1,112.1 11.3 27.3 48.0 -20.7 -11.5 6.9 1,107.32005 1,131.5 13.4 30.5 49.9 -19.5 -9.7 9.1 1,126.02006 1,162.7 14.4 36.2 49.6 -13.4 42.6 8.8 1,112.32007 1,146.6 14.1 36.3 59.2 -22.8 5.8 4.1 1,128.02008 1,171.8 14.1 34.2 81.5 -47.3 12.4 5.7 1,120.52009R1,074.9R13.7 22.6 59.1 -36.5R39.7R15.0R997.52010P1,085.3 13.9 19.4 81.7 -62.4 -20.5 8.9 1,048.31Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).2Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption."3Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.4A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase.5"Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coalsupplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.6Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.Notes:•See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:**Production:**Table 7.2.**Waste Coal Supplied:**•1989-1997—U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, FormEIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility."•2001—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power PlantReport," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants.•2002forward—EIA,Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December 2010(May 2011), Table ES-1.**Import s:** •1949-2001—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145."•2002forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table ES-1.**Exports:**Table 7.5.**Stoc k** **Change:**Table 7.6.**Losses and Unaccounted for:**Calculated.**Consumption:**Table 7.3.Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2010TotalBy RankBy Mining Method By Location214 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010AnthraciteLignite1Subbituminous Coal11 Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969. Source: Table 7.2.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201003006009001,2001,500

Million Short TonsBituminous Coal11950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100200400600800

Million Short Tons1.1 billion short tonsin 20101950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100300600900

Million Short TonsSurface1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100200400600800

Million Short TonsUndergroundEast of the MississippiWest of the MississippiU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 215**T able 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Short Tons)**Year Rank** **Mining Method Location** **Total**1**Bituminous Coal** 1**Subbituminous Coal** **Lignite Anthracite** 1**Underground Surface** 1**East of the Mississippi** 1**West of the Mississippi** 11949 437.92( )2( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 444.2 36.4 480.61950 516.32( )2( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 524.4 36.0 560.41955 464.62( )2( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 464.2 26.6 490.81960 415.52( )2( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 413.0 21.3 434.31965 512.12( )2( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 499.5 27.4 527.01970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 567.8 44.9 612.71975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 543.7 110.9 654.61976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 548.8 136.1 684.91977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 533.3 163.9 697.21978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 487.2 183.0 670.21979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 559.7 221.4 781.11980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 578.7 251.0 829.71981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 553.9 269.9 823.81982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 564.3 273.9 838.11983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 507.4 274.7 782.11984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 587.6 308.3 895.91985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 558.7 324.9 883.61986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 564.4 325.9 890.31987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 581.9 336.8 918.81988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 579.6 370.7 950.31989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 599.0 381.7 980.71990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 630.2 398.9 1,029.11991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 591.3 404.7 996.01992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 588.6 409.0 997.51993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 516.2 429.2 945.41994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 566.3 467.2 1,033.51995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 544.2 488.7 1,033.01996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 563.7 500.2 1,063.91997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 579.4 510.6 1,089.91998 640.6 385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 570.6 547.0 1,117.51999 601.7 406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 529.6 570.8 1,100.42000 574.3 409.2 85.6 4.6 373.7 700.0 507.5 566.1 1,073.620011611.3 434.4 80.011.9 380.61747.11528.81598.911,127.72002 572.1 438.4 82.5 1.4 357.4 736.9 492.9 601.4 1,094.32003 541.5 442.6 86.4 1.3 352.8 719.0 469.2 602.5 1,071.82004 561.5 465.4 83.5 1.7 367.6 744.5 484.8 627.3 1,112.12005 571.2 474.7 83.9 1.7 368.6 762.9 493.8 637.7 1,131.52006 561.6 515.3 84.2 1.5 359.0 803.7 490.8 672.0 1,162.72007 542.8 523.7 78.6 1.6 351.8 794.8 478.2 668.5 1,146.62008 555.3 539.1 75.7 1.7 357.1 814.7 493.3 678.5 1,171.82009R504.1R496.4 72.5 1.9R332.1R742.9R449.6R625.3R1,074.92010E509.0E501.2E73.2E1.9E337.4E747.9E446.5E638.8P1,085.31Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.2Included in "Bituminous Coal."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters.•1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EnergyData Reports,Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976andCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976.•1977and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports,Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and MineOperations—1977; 1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978,andCoal Production,annual reports.•1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports,Weekly Coal ReportandCoal Production,annual reports.•1981-1988—EIA,Weekly Coal ProductionandCoal Production,annual reports.•1989-2000—EIA,Coal Industry Annual,annual reports.•2001-2009—EIA,Annual Coal Report,annual reports.•2010—EIA,Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2010(May 2011), Table 1; EIA, Form EIA-7A,"Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by SectorBy Sector, 1949-2010By Sector, 2010 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2010216 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-onlyplants.2For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”3Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is tosell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 7.3.Residential, Commercial1,and Transportation2Industrial11950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201003006009001,200

Million Short TonsElectric Power3Power3(s)370976Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power303006009001,200

Million Short Tons(s)(s)7(2)931113441517Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric020406080100

Percent19492010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 217**T able 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Short Tons)**Year Residential** **Sector**1**Commercial Sector**1**Industrial Sector Transportation** **Sector Electric Power Sector** 2**Total CHP** 3**Other**4**Total Coke Plants** **Other Industrial Total** **Electricity Only** **CHP Total** **CHP**5**Non-CHP**6**Total**1949 52.47( ) 64.1 64.1 91.48( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 84.0 NA 84.0 483.21950 51.67( ) 63.0 63.0 104.08( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 91.9 NA 91.9 494.11955 35.67( ) 32.9 32.9 107.78( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 143.8 NA 143.8 447.01960 24.27( ) 16.8 16.8 81.48( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 176.7 NA 176.7 398.11965 14.67( ) 11.0 11.0 95.38( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 .7 244.8 NA 244.8 472.01970 9.07( ) 7.1 7.1 96.58( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 .3 320.2 NA 320.2 523.21975 2.87( ) 6.6 6.6 83.68( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 406.0 NA 406.0 562.61976 2.67( ) 6.3 6.3 84.78( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 448.4 NA 448.4 603.81977 2.57( ) 6.4 6.4 77.78( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 477.1 NA 477.1 625.31978 2.27( ) 7.3 7.3 71.48( ) 63.1 63.1 134.58( ) 481.2 NA 481.2 625.21979 1.77( ) 6.7 6.7 77.48( ) 67.7 67.7 145.18( ) 527.1 NA 527.1 680.51980 1.47( ) 5.1 5.1 66.78( ) 60.3 60.3 127.08( ) 569.3 NA 569.3 702.71981 1.37( ) 6.1 6.1 61.08( ) 67.4 67.4 128.48( ) 596.8 NA 596.8 732.61982 1.47( ) 6.8 6.8 40.98( ) 64.1 64.1 105.08( ) 593.7 NA 593.7 706.91983 1.47( ) 7.1 7.1 37.08( ) 66.0 66.0 103.08( ) 625.2 NA 625.2 736.71984 1.77( ) 7.4 7.4 44.08( ) 73.7 73.7 117.88( ) 664.4 NA 664.4 791.31985 1.77( ) 6.1 6.1 41.18( ) 75.4 75.4 116.48( ) 693.8 NA 693.8 818.01986 1.87( ) 5.9 5.9 35.98( ) 75.6 75.6 111.58( ) 685.1 NA 685.1 804.21987 1.67( ) 5.3 5.3 37.08( ) 75.2 75.2 112.18( ) 717.9 NA 717.9 836.91988 1.67( ) 5.6 5.6 41.98( ) 76.3 76.3 118.18( ) 758.4 NA 758.4 883.61989 1.3 1.1 3.7 4.9 40.5 24.9 51.3 76.1 116.68( ) 767.4 4.8 772.2 895.01990 1.3 1.2 4.2 5.4 38.9 27.8 48.5 76.3 115.28( ) 774.2 8.4 782.6 904.51991 1.1 1.2 3.8 5.0 33.9 27.0 48.4 75.4 109.38( ) 773.2 10.7 783.9 899.21992 1.1 1.2 3.9 5.0 32.4 28.2 45.8 74.0 106.48( ) 781.2 13.9 795.1 907.71993 1.1 1.4 3.7 5.1 31.3 28.9 46.0 74.9 106.28( ) 816.6 15.1 831.6 944.11994 .9 1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 29.7 45.5 75.2 106.98( ) 821.2 17.1 838.4 951.31995 .8 1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 29.4 43.7 73.1 106.18( ) 832.9 17.3 850.2 962.11996 .7 1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 29.4 42.3 71.7 103.48( ) 878.8 18.1 896.9 1,006.31997 .7 1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 29.9 41.7 71.5 101.78( ) 904.2 17.1 921.4 1,029.51998 .5 1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 28.6 38.9 67.4 95.68( ) 920.4 16.3 936.6 1,037.11999 .6 1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 27.8 37.0 64.7 92.88( ) 924.7 16.2 940.9 1,038.62000 .5 1.5 2.1 3.7 28.9 28.0 37.2 65.2 94.18( ) 967.1 18.7 985.8 1,084.12001 .5 1.4 2.4 3.9 26.1 25.8 39.5 65.3 91.38( ) 946.1 18.4 964.4 1,060.12002 .5 1.4 2.5 3.9 23.7 26.2 34.5 60.7 84.48( ) 960.1 17.4 977.5 1,066.42003 .6 1.8 1.9 3.7 24.2 24.8 36.4 61.3 85.58( ) 983.5 21.6 1,005.1 1,094.92004 .5 1.9 2.7 4.6 23.7 26.6 35.6 62.2 85.98( ) 994.8 21.5 1,016.3 1,107.32005 .4 1.9 2.4 4.3 23.4 25.9 34.5 60.3 83.88( ) 1,015.6 21.8 1,037.5 1,126.02006 .3 1.9 1.1 2.9 23.0 25.3 34.2 59.5 82.48( ) 1,004.8 21.9 1,026.6 1,112.32007 .4 1.9 1.2 3.2 22.7 22.5 34.1 56.6 79.38( ) 1,022.8 22.3 1,045.1 1,128.02008 .4 2.0 1.1 3.2 22.1 21.9 32.5 54.4 76.58( ) 1,017.8 22.8 1,040.6 1,120.52009R.4 1.8 1.1 2.9 15.3R19.8R25.5R45.3R60.68( )R913.6R20.1R933.6R997.52010P.3 1.8 1.0 2.7 21.1 23.6 25.0 48.5 69.68( ) 954.4 21.2 975.6 1,048.31See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section.2Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."3Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-onlyplants, such as those at hospitals and universities.4All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."5Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.6All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP."7Included in "Commercial Other."8Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.Notes:•See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6cfor the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output.•See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at endofsection.•See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section8.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:**Commercial CHP**and**Industrial CHP:**Table 8.7c.**Electric Power Sector:**Tables 8.5b,8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.**All Other Data:**•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM),Minerals Yearbook,"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters.•1976—U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976andCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976.•1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports,Coal—PennsylvaniaAnthracite 1977; 1978,andWeekly Coal Report.•1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Report,WeeklyCoal Report.•1981-2003—EIA,Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December,quarterly reports.•2004 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table 32.Figure 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of OriginTotal, 2000-2010 By Country, 2010By Selected Country, 2000-2010218 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is tosell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.Source: Table 7.4.2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010010203040

Million Short TonsIndonesia10%Other <1%Canada9%Colombia75%Venezuela 3%Total19.4 million short tonsAustralia 2%Colombia2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010051015202530

Million Short TonsCanadaVenezuelaIndonesiaU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 219**T able 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2010** (Million Short Tons)**Year Australia** **New Zealand** **Canada Mexico** **Colombia Venezuela** **China India** **Indonesia Europe** **South Africa** **Other Total** **Norway Poland** **Russia Ukraine** **United Kingdom** **Other Total** 2000 0.2 0.0 1.9 (s) 7.6 2.0 (s) (s) 0.7 0.0 0.0 (s) 0.0 (s) 0.0 (s) 0.0 (s) 12.52001 .3 (s) 2.6 (s) 11.2 3.3 .1 (s) .9 (s) .5 .2 .0 .1 (s) .8 .4 .1 19.82002 .8 .0 2.1 (s) 9.2 3.3 .1 (s) 1.0 .0 .1 .1 .0 (s) (s) .2 .1 (s) 16.92003 .3 .1 2.1 .0 15.5 4.6 .1 (s) 2.1 .0 .0 .1 .0 (s) (s) .1 .1 .1 25.02004 .3 .0 2.9 (s) 16.7 4.4 .1 (s) 2.2 .0 .1 .3 .1 (s) .1 .6 (s) (s) 27.32005 .2 (s) 2.0 (s) 21.2 3.7 (s) .0 2.5 .0 .1 .4 (s) (s) .1 .6 .1 .1 30.52006 .2 .0 2.0 .0 25.3 4.2 (s) .0 3.1 (s) .0 .9 .0 (s) .2 1.1 .1 (s) 36.22007 .1 .1 2.0 .0 26.9 3.4 .1 (s) 3.7 (s) .0 .1 (s) (s) (s) .2 .0 .1 36.32008 .1 .0 2.0 .0 26.3 2.3 (s) .0 3.4 .0 .0 (s) (s) .0 (s) (s) (s) (s) 34.22009 .2 .0 1.3 (s) 17.8 1.3 (s) (s) 2.1 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) (s) .0 (s) 22.62010P.4 (s) 1.8 .0 14.6 .6 .1 (s) 1.9 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) (s) .0 (s) 19.4P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:•2000—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145."•2001 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration,Quarterly Coal Report October-December,quarterly reports.Figure 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of DestinationTotal and Europe, 1960-2010 By Selected Country, 2010By Selected Country, 1960-2010220 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Source: Table 7.5.1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100255075100125

Million Short Tonslands11.47.97.34.43.33.22.7Canada Brazil Nether- United Italy France Germany024681012

Million Short TonsKingdomTotalEurope1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100102030

Million Short TonsNetherlandsCanadaBrazilJapanU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 221**T able 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010** (Million Short Tons)**Year Canada** **Brazil Europe** **Japan Other** **Total Belgium** 1**Denmark France** **Germany**2**Italy Nether** **lands Spain** **Turkey United** **Kingdom Other** **Total**1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 NA – 2.4 17.1 5.6 1.3 38.01965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 NA (s) 2.3 25.1 7.5 .9 51.01966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 NA (s) 2.5 23.1 7.8 1.0 50.11967 15.8 1.7 1.4 – 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 NA – 2.1 19.4 12.2 1.0 50.11968 17.1 1.8 1.1 – 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 NA – 1.9 15.5 15.8 .9 51.21969 17.3 1.8 .9 – 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 NA – 1.3 15.2 21.4 1.2 56.91970 19.1 2.0 1.9 – 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 NA (s) 1.8 21.8 27.6 1.2 71.71971 18.0 1.9 .8 – 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 NA 1.7 1.1 16.6 19.7 1.1 57.31972 18.7 1.9 1.1 – 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 NA 2.4 1.1 16.9 18.0 1.2 56.71973 16.7 1.6 1.2 – 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 NA .9 1.3 14.4 19.2 1.6 53.61974 14.2 1.3 1.1 – 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 NA 1.4 .9 16.1 27.3 1.8 60.71975 17.3 2.0 .6 – 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 NA 1.9 1.6 19.0 25.4 2.6 66.31976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 NA .8 2.1 19.9 18.8 2.1 60.01977 17.7 2.3 1.5 .1 2.1 .9 4.1 2.0 1.6 NA .6 2.1 15.0 15.9 3.5 54.31978 15.7 1.5 1.1 – 1.7 .6 3.2 1.1 .8 NA .4 2.2 11.0 10.1 2.5 40.71979 19.5 2.8 3.2 .2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 NA 1.4 4.4 23.9 15.7 4.1 66.01980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 NA 4.1 6.0 41.9 23.1 6.0 91.71981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 .6 2.3 8.2 57.0 25.9 8.7 112.51982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 1.6 2.0 6.0 51.3 25.8 7.5 106.31983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.6 1.2 4.7 33.1 17.9 6.1 77.81984 20.4 4.7 3.9 .6 3.8 .9 7.6 5.5 2.3 1.5 2.9 3.9 32.8 16.3 7.2 81.51985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.2 2.7 8.1 45.1 15.4 9.9 92.71986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 .8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.4 2.9 5.9 42.6 11.4 11.4 85.51987 16.2 5.8 4.6 .9 2.9 .5 9.5 4.1 2.5 .8 2.6 5.8 34.2 11.1 12.3 79.61988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 .7 11.1 5.1 2.5 2.0 3.7 6.4 45.1 14.1 11.3 95.01989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 .7 11.2 6.1 3.3 1.7 4.5 7.2 51.6 13.8 12.9 100.81990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 2.1 5.2 7.4 58.4 13.3 12.7 105.81991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 2.2 6.2 8.2 65.5 12.3 13.0 109.01992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 2.0 5.6 6.6 57.3 12.3 11.4 102.51993 8.9 5.2 5.2 .3 4.0 .5 6.9 5.6 4.1 1.6 4.1 5.3 37.6 11.9 11.0 74.51994 9.2 5.5 4.9 .5 2.9 .3 7.5 4.9 4.1 1.3 3.4 6.0 35.8 10.2 10.7 71.41995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 2.0 4.7 8.7 48.6 11.8 12.4 88.51996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 2.2 6.2 7.7 47.2 10.5 14.2 90.51997 15.0 7.5 4.3 .4 3.4 .9 7.0 4.8 4.1 2.1 7.2 7.1 41.3 8.0 11.8 83.51998 20.7 6.5 3.2 .3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 1.6 5.9 5.3 33.8 7.7 9.4 78.01999 19.8 4.4 2.1 – 2.5 .6 4.0 3.4 2.5 .8 3.2 3.5 22.5 5.0 6.7 58.52000 18.8 4.5 2.9 .1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 1.8 3.3 3.9 25.0 4.4 5.8 58.52001 17.6 4.6 2.8 – 2.2 .9 5.4 2.1 1.6 .9 2.5 2.4 20.8 2.1 3.6 48.72002 16.7 3.5 2.4 – 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.9 .6 1.9 1.8 15.6 1.3 2.6 39.62003 20.8 3.5 1.8 .3 1.3 .5 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.1 15.1 (s) 3.6 43.02004 17.8 4.4 1.7 .1 1.1 .6 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.3 15.2 4.4 6.2 48.02005 19.5 4.2 2.1 .1 1.3 .7 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 4.1 18.8 2.1 5.4 49.92006 19.9 4.5 2.2 .4 1.6 1.7 3.3 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.6 4.2 20.8 .3 4.1 49.62007 18.4 6.5 2.1 .1 2.4 2.3 3.5 4.6 1.5 1.4 3.4 5.8 27.1 (s) 7.1 59.22008 23.0 6.4 3.1 .4 3.5 2.5 3.2 7.0 2.4 1.9 5.8 10.6 40.3 1.7 10.1 81.52009 10.6 7.4 2.7 .3 3.4 2.5 2.3 5.9 1.7 1.4 4.6 5.3 30.1 .9 10.1 59.12010P11.4 7.9 2.3 .1 3.2 2.7 3.3 7.3 1.9 2.5 4.4 10.5 38.2 3.2 21.0 81.71Through 1999, includes Luxembourg.2Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data forGermany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.P=Preliminary. NA=Not Available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1960, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.Sources:•1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,U.S. Exports bySchedule B Commodities, EM 522.•1989-2000—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),CoalIndustry Annual,annual reports.•2001 forward—EIA,Quarterly Coal Report October-December,quarterly reports; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545."Figure 7.6 Coal StocksTotal and Electric Power Stocks, 1949-2010 By Selected Holding Entity, 2010By Selected Holding Entity, 1949-2010222 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is tosell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note: Stocks are at end of year.Source: Table 7.6.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010050100150200250

Million Short TonsPower Sector1 SectorTotalElectricPowerSector1and Distributors175426Electric Producers Industrial0255075100125150175200

Million Short Tons1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010050100150200

Million Short TonsElectric Power Sector1Industrial SectorProducers and DistributorsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 223**T able 7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Short Tons)**Year Producers** **and Distributors** **Consumers Total** **Residential and Commercial** **Sectors Industrial Sector** **Transportation Sector** **Electric Power** **Sector**2**Total Coke Plants** **Other**1**Total**1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.03( ) 22.1 49.5 49.51950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.03( ) 31.8 77.3 77.31955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.33( ) 41.4 71.7 71.71960 NA .7 11.1 11.6 22.83( ) 51.7 75.2 75.21965 NA .4 10.6 13.1 23.83( ) 54.5 78.6 78.61970 NA .3 9.0 11.8 20.83( ) 71.9 93.0 93.01975 12.1 .2 8.8 8.5 17.33( ) 110.7 128.3 140.41976 14.2 .2 9.9 7.1 17.03( ) 117.4 134.7 148.91977 14.2 .2 12.8 11.1 23.93( ) 133.2 157.3 171.51978 20.7 .4 8.3 9.0 17.3 NA 128.2 145.9 166.61979 20.8 .3 10.2 11.8 21.9 NA 159.7 182.0 202.81980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 NA 183.0 204.0 228.41981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 NA 168.9 185.3 209.41982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 NA 181.1 195.3 232.01983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 NA 155.6 168.7 202.61984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 NA 179.7 197.2 231.31985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 NA 156.4 170.2 203.41986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 NA 161.8 175.2 207.31987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 NA 170.8 185.5 213.81988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 NA 146.5 158.4 188.81989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 NA 135.9 146.1 175.11990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 NA 156.2 168.2 201.61991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 NA 157.9 167.7 200.71992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 NA 154.1 163.7 197.71993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 NA 111.3 120.5 145.71994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 NA 126.9 136.1 169.41995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 NA 126.3 134.6 169.11996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 NA 114.6 123.0 151.61997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 NA 98.8 106.4 140.41998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 NA 120.5 128.1 164.61999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 NA 141.6 149.1 188.62000 31.9 NA 1.5 4.6 6.1 NA 102.3 108.4 140.32001 35.9 NA 1.5 6.0 7.5 NA 138.5 146.0 181.92002 43.3 NA 1.4 5.8 7.2 NA 141.7 148.9 192.12003 38.3 NA .9 4.7 5.6 NA 121.6 127.2 165.52004 41.2 NA 1.3 4.8 6.2 NA 106.7 112.9 154.02005 35.0 NA 2.6 5.6 8.2 NA 101.1 109.3 144.32006 36.5 NA 2.9 6.5 9.4 NA 141.0 150.4 186.92007 34.0 NA 1.9 5.6 7.6 NA 151.2 158.8 192.82008 34.7 .5 2.3 6.0 8.3 NA 161.6 170.4 205.12009R47.7 .5 2.0 5.1 7.1 NAR189.5R197.1R244.82010PE42.2 .6 1.9 4.5 6.5 NA 175.2 182.2 224.31Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.2Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1998, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.3Included in "Industrial Sector Other."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.Notes:•Stocks are at end of year.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:**Electric Power Sector:**Table 8.8.**All Other Data:**•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters.•1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Coal—Bituminous andLignite in 1976andCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976.•1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports,Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978,andWeekly Coal Report.•1979—EIA, Energy Data Report,Weekly Coal Report.•1980-2003—EIA,Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December,quarterlyreports.•2004 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table 37.Figure 7.7 Coal Mining ProductivityTotal, 1949-2010 Mining Methods, 2010 Location, 2010Mining Method,11949-2010 By Region and Mining Method, 2010224 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Mississippi1For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.Source: Table 7.7.2.8516.60East of the West of the05101520

Short Tons per Employee Hour1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201002468

Short Tons per Employee HourMississippi2.919.48Underground Surface036912

Short Tons per Employee Hour1.77 in 19785.57 in 2010Peak: 6.99 in 20001950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010036912

Short Tons per Employee Hour2.673.245.5220.28Underground Surface Underground Surface06121824

Short Tons per Employee HourSurfaceUndergroundEast of MississippiWest of MississippiU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 225**T able 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Short Tons per Employee Hour1)**Year Mining Method** **Location Total** 2**Underground Surface** 2**East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi** **Underground Surface** 2**Total**2**Underground Surface** 2**Total**2194930.6831.92 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.7219503.7231.96 NA NA NA NA NA NA .76195531.0432.65 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.14196031.3332.91 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.52196531.7534.10 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.09197031.7234.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.30197531.1933.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.81197631.1433.25 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.78197731.0933.16 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.80197831.0433.03 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.771979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.811980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.931981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.101982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.111983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.501984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 7.07 2.641985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 7.40 2.741986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 7.90 3.011987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 8.73 3.301988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 9.38 3.551989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 10.21 3.701990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 10.41 3.831991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 10.79 4.091992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 11.03 4.361993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 12.14 4.701994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 13.22 4.981995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 14.18 5.381996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 15.66 5.691997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 16.04 6.041998 3.90 9.58 3.69 4.31 3.89 6.76 18.82 16.27 6.201999 3.99 10.39 3.74 4.48 3.97 7.45 19.57 17.18 6.612000 4.15 11.01 3.89 4.82 4.18 7.66 20.04 17.62 6.992001 4.02210.58 3.7124.5323.98 8.39220.63218.3226.822002 3.98 10.36 3.67 4.22 3.86 7.80 20.67 18.06 6.802003 4.04 10.75 3.68 4.18 3.85 8.33 21.42 18.67 6.952004 3.96 10.55 3.59 3.95 3.72 8.22 22.04 19.00 6.802005 3.62 10.03 3.28 3.75 3.44 7.48 21.98 18.50 6.362006 3.37 10.18 3.06 3.74 3.29 6.62 22.26 18.33 6.262007 3.34 10.24 3.03 3.74 3.27 6.52 22.35 18.23 6.272008 3.15 9.81 2.87 3.58 3.12 6.07 21.85 17.77 5.962009R2.99R9.22R2.74R3.33 2.94R5.51R19.85R16.15 5.612010P2.91 9.48 2.67 3.24 2.85 5.52 20.28 16.60 5.571Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 foranthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee day—these data were converted to shorttons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated bydividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginningin 1998, the calculation also includes office workers.2Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.3Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters.•1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EnergyData Reports,Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976andCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976.•1977and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports,Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and MineOperations—1977; 1978andCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978.•1979—EIA, Energy DataReport,Coal Production—1979.•1980-1988—EIA,Coal Production,annual reports.•1989-2000—EIA,Coal Industry Annual,annual reports.•2001-2009—EIA,Annual Coal Report,annual reports.•2010—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety andHealth Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."Figure 7.8 Coke OverviewProduction and Consumption, 1949-2010Overview, 2010 Trade226 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Source: Table 7.8.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080

Million Short TonsConsumptionProduction15.01.21.514.8Production Imports Exports Consumption05101520

Million Short Tons1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201002468

Million Short TonsImportsExportsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 227**T able 7.8 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Short Tons)**Year Production** **Trade Stock Change** 2**Consumption**3**Imports Exports** **Net Imports**11949 63.6 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.2 63.21950 72.7 .4 .4 (s) -.7 73.41955 75.3 .1 .5 -.4 -1.2 76.11960 57.2 .1 .4 -.2 .1 56.91965 66.9 .1 .8 -.7 .7 65.41970 66.5 .2 2.5 -2.3 1.0 63.21975 57.2 1.8 1.3 .5 4.1 53.71976 58.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 1.5 56.81977 53.5 1.8 1.2 .6 (s) 54.11978 49.0 5.7 .7 5.0 -2.9 56.91979 52.9 4.0 1.4 2.5 1.7 53.81980 46.1 .7 2.1 -1.4 3.4 41.31981 42.8 .5 1.2 -.6 -1.9 44.01982 28.1 .1 1.0 -.9 1.5 25.81983 25.8 (s) .7 -.6 -4.7 29.91984 30.4 .6 1.0 -.5 .2 29.71985 28.4 .6 1.1 -.5 -1.2 29.11986 24.9 .3 1.0 -.7 -.5 24.71987 26.3 .9 .6 .3 -1.0 27.71988 28.9 2.7 1.1 1.6 .5 30.01989 28.0 2.3 1.1 1.2 .3 28.91990 27.6 .8 .6 .2 (s) 27.81991 24.0 1.2 .8 .4 .2 24.21992 23.4 2.1 .7 1.4 -.2 25.01993 23.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 -.4 24.71994 22.7 3.3 1.0 2.4 -.5 25.61995 23.7 3.8 1.4 2.5 .4 25.81996 23.1 2.5 1.6 .9 (s) 24.01997 22.1 3.1 1.3 1.9 (s) 24.01998 20.0 3.8 1.1 2.7 -.4 23.11999 20.0 3.2 .9 2.3 -.1 22.42000 20.8 3.8 1.1 2.6 .2 23.22001 18.9 2.5 1.3 1.2 -.1 20.22002 16.8 3.2 .8 2.5 -.4 19.62003 17.2 2.8 .7 2.0 -.2 19.42004 16.9 6.9 1.3 5.6 (s) 22.52005 16.7 3.5 1.7 1.8 .3 18.22006 16.4 4.1 1.6 2.5 .1 18.82007 16.2 2.5 1.4 1.0 -.1 17.32008 15.6 3.6 2.0 1.6 .3 17.02009 11.1 .3 1.3 -1.0 -.1 10.32010P15.0 1.2 1.5 -.2 -.1 14.81Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.2Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; apositive value indicates an increase.3"Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines,Minerals Yearbook,"Coke and Coal Chemicals" chapter.•1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report,Coke and CoalChemicals,annual reports.•1981-2003—EIA,Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December,quarterlyreports.•2004 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table ES-2.Figure 7.9 Coal PricesTotal, 1949-2010By Type, 1949-2010 By Type, 2010228 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short TonPeak 1975: $57.652010: $32.201950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100306090120

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short Ton60.5652.7418.4713.9935.63Bituminous Anthracite Lignite Subbituminous Total010203040506070

Nominal Dollars2 per Short TonBituminousCoalAnthraciteLigniteCoalCoalSubbituminous Coal1 In chainedl (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Source: Table 7.9.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 229**T able 7.9 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Dollars per Short Ton)**Year Bituminous Coal** **Subbituminous Coal Lignite** 1**Anthracite Total** **Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3**Nominal**2**Real**3194944.90433.834( )4( ) 2.37 16.36 8.90 61.44 5.24 36.17195044.86433.194( )4( ) 2.41 16.46 9.34 63.78 5.19 35.44195544.51427.194( )4( ) 2.38 14.35 8.00 48.23 4.69 28.28196044.71425.334( )4( ) 2.29 12.31 8.01 43.07 4.83 25.97196544.45422.344( )4( ) 2.13 10.69 8.51 42.72 4.55 22.84197046.30425.914( )4( ) 1.86 7.65 11.03 45.36 6.34 26.071975419.79458.964( )4( ) 3.17 9.44 32.26 96.12 19.35 57.651976420.11456.674( )4( ) 3.74 10.54 33.92 95.58 19.56 55.121977420.59454.544( )4( ) 4.03 10.68 34.86 92.34 19.95 52.851978422.64456.044( )4( ) 5.68 14.06 35.25 87.25 21.86 54.111979 27.31 62.41 9.55 21.82 6.48 14.81 41.06 93.83 23.75 54.271980 29.17 61.09 11.08 23.20 7.60 15.92 42.51 89.02 24.65 51.621981 31.51 60.34 12.18 23.32 8.85 16.95 44.28 84.79 26.40 50.551982 32.15 58.02 13.37 24.13 9.79 17.67 49.85 89.96 27.25 49.181983 31.11 54.01 13.03 22.62 9.91 17.20 52.29 90.78 25.98 45.101984 30.63 51.25 12.41 20.76 10.45 17.48 48.22 80.68 25.61 42.851985 30.78 49.99 12.57 20.41 10.68 17.34 45.80 74.38 25.20 40.931986 28.84 45.82 12.26 19.48 10.64 16.91 44.12 70.10 23.79 37.801987 28.19 43.53 11.32 17.48 10.85 16.75 43.65 67.40 23.07 35.621988 27.66 41.29 10.45 15.60 10.06 15.02 44.16 65.92 22.07 32.951989 27.40 39.41 10.16 14.61 9.91 14.26 42.93 61.75 21.82 31.391990 27.43 37.99 9.70 13.43 10.13 14.03 39.40 54.57 21.76 30.141991 27.49 36.77 9.68 12.95 10.89 14.57 36.34 48.61 21.49 28.751992 26.78 34.99 9.68 12.65 10.81 14.12 34.24 44.74 21.03 27.481993 26.15 33.43 9.33 11.93 11.11 14.20 32.94 42.11 19.85 25.381994 25.68 32.15 8.37 10.48 10.77 13.48 36.07 45.16 19.41 24.301995 25.56 31.35 8.10 9.93 10.83 13.28 39.78 48.79 18.83 23.091996 25.17 30.29 7.87 9.47 10.92 13.14 36.78 44.27 18.50 22.271997 24.64 29.14 7.42 8.78 10.91 12.90 35.12 41.54 18.14 21.451998 24.87 29.08 6.96 8.14 11.08 12.96 42.91 50.18 17.67 20.661999 23.92 27.57 6.87 7.92 11.04 12.72 35.13 40.49 16.63 19.172000 24.15 27.24 7.12 8.03 11.41 12.87 40.90 46.14 16.78 18.932001 25.36 27.98 6.67 7.36 11.52 12.71 47.67 52.59 17.38 19.172002 26.57 28.84 7.34 7.97 11.07 12.02 47.78 51.87 17.98 19.522003 26.73 28.41 7.73 8.21 11.20 11.90 49.87 53.00 17.85 18.972004 30.56 31.58 8.12 8.39 12.27 12.68 39.77 41.10 19.93 20.602005 36.80 36.80 8.68 8.68 13.49 13.49 41.00 41.00 23.59 23.592006 39.32 38.08 9.95 9.64 14.00 13.56 43.61R42.24 25.16 24.372007 40.80R38.38 10.69 10.06 14.89R14.01 52.24R49.15 26.20R24.652008 51.39R47.31 12.31R11.33 16.50R15.19 60.76R55.94 31.25R28.772009R55.44R50.58R13.35R12.18R17.26R15.75R57.10R52.09R33.24R30.322010E60.56 54.73 13.99 12.64 18.47 16.69 52.74 47.66 35.63 32.201Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.2See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.3In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.4Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."R=Revised. E=Estimate.Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the pointof first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. For 1949-2000, prices are for open marketand captive coal sales; for 2001-2007, prices are for open market coal sales; for 2008 forward, prices arefor open market and captive coal sales. See "Captive Coal," "Free on Board (F.O.B.)," and "Open MarketCoal" in Glossary.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.Sources:•1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM),Minerals Yearbook.•1976—U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA), Energy Data Report,Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976,and BOM,MineralsYearbook.•1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports,Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production andMine Operations,andCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite.•1979—EIA,Coal Production,and Energy DataReport,Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite.•1980-1992—EIA,Coal Production,annual reports.•1993-2000—EIA,Coal Industry Annual,annual reports and unpublished revisions.•2001-2009—EIA,Annual Coal Report,annual reports.•2010—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S.Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employmentand Coal Production Report."CoalNote 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminouscoal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarilyfrom consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electricpower companies and coke plant companies.Data on coal consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based on consumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Beginning in 2008, data on coal consumption by the residentialand commercial sectors are based on data received on Form EIA-3, "Quarterly CoalConsumption and Quality Report–Manufacturing and Transformation/ProcessingCoal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.” Prior to 2008, data on coalconsumption by the residential and commercial sectors are based on distribution dataobtained annually from coal distributors. Included in each sector’s data are thefollowing: Residential and Commercial Sectors—commercial and institutionalestablishments including military bases, universities, and various State facilities;Industrial Sector—consumption at manufacturing plants, coking plants, and coalpreparation plants; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent powerproducers)—consumption for electric generation and useful thermal output atelectricity-only and CHP plants within the North American Industry ClassificationSystem (NAICS) 22 category, whose primarybusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. There are no data for the Transportation Sector.Note 2. Residential and CommercialCoal Consumption Estimates. Through2007, coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors was reported tothe U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) for the two sectors combined;EIA estimates the amount consumed by the sectors individually. To create theestimates, it is first assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing unit consumesfuel at the same Btu rate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then, for the years inwhich data are available on the number of occupied housing units by heatingsource (1950, 1960, 1970, 1973–1981, and subsequent odd-numbered years; seeTable 2.7), residential consumption of coal is estimated by the following steps: aratio is created of the number of occupied housing units heated by coal to thenumber of housing units heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btuquantity of oil consumed by the residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btuquantity of coal consumed by the residential sector; and, finally, the amount estimated as the residential sector consumption is subtracted from the residential andcommercial sectors’ combined consumption to derive the commercial sector’sestimated consumption. The 1950 share is applied to 1949, and the other missingyears’ shares are interpolated.Beginning in 2008, coal consumption is reported to EIA for commercial and institutional users. However, EIA continues to allocate a small portion of that consumption to the residential sector using the above methodology.230 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20108. ElectricityFigure 8.0 Electricity Flow, 2010(Quadrillion Btu)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 2331Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and othermanufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels.2Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid wastefrom non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).3Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram bysubtracting the “T & D Losses” estimate from “T & D Losses and Unaccounted for” derived fromTable 8.1.4Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.5Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point ofgeneration and delivery to the customer) are estimated as 7 percent of gross generation.6Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity thatconsumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrialprocess located within the same facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.Notes: • Data are preliminary. • See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses,” at theend of Section 2. • Net generation of electricity includes pumped storage facility productionminus energy used for pumping. • Values are derived from source data prior to rounding forpublication. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 4), and U.S. Energy InformationAdministration, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."Figure 8.1 Electricity OverviewOverview, 2010 Electricity Trade, 1949-2010Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2010(Billion Kilowatthours)234 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.2Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energyservice providers.3See Table 8.1, footnote 8.4Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point ofgeneration and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses,” atthe end of Section 2.5Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.3,971814045193,750134Electric Com- Indus- Imports Exports Retail Direct01,5003,0004,500

Billion Kilowatthours1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100102030405060

Billion KilowatthoursImportsSales2 Use3ExportstrialmercialPower1End UseTradeNet GenerationU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 235**T able 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Kilowatthours)**Year Net Generation** **Trade T & D Losses** 5**and Unaccounted** **for**6**End Use Electric Power** **Sector**2**Commercial Sector** 3**Industrial Sector** 4**Total Imports** 1**Exports**1**Net Imports**1**Retail Sales** 7**Direct Use** 8**Total From Canada** **Total To Canada** **Total Total** 1949 291 NA 5 296 NA 2 NA (s) 2 43 255 NA 2551950 329 NA 5 334 NA 2 NA (s) 2 44 291 NA 2911955 547 NA 3 550 NA 5 NA (s) 4 58 497 NA 4971960 756 NA 4 759 NA 5 NA 1 5 76 688 NA 6881965 1,055 NA 3 1,058 NA 4 NA 4 (s) 104 954 NA 9541970 1,532 NA 3 1,535 NA 6 NA 4 2 145 1,392 NA 1,3921975 1,918 NA 3 1,921 NA 11 NA 5 6 180 1,747 NA 1,7471976 2,038 NA 3 2,041 NA 11 NA 2 9 194 1,855 NA 1,8551977 2,124 NA 3 2,127 NA 20 NA 3 17 197 1,948 NA 1,9481978 2,206 NA 3 2,209 NA 21 NA 1 20 211 2,018 NA 2,0181979 2,247 NA 3 2,251 NA 23 NA 2 20 200 2,071 NA 2,0711980 2,286 NA 3 2,290 NA 25 NA 4 21 216 2,094 NA 2,0941981 2,295 NA 3 2,298 NA 36 NA 3 33 184 2,147 NA 2,1471982 2,241 NA 3 2,244 NA 33 NA 4 29 187 2,086 NA 2,0861983 2,310 NA 3 2,313 NA 39 NA 3 35 198 2,151 NA 2,1511984 2,416 NA 3 2,419 NA 42 NA 3 40 173 2,286 NA 2,2861985 2,470 NA 3 2,473 NA 46 NA 5 41 190 2,324 NA 2,3241986 2,487 NA 3 2,490 NA 41 NA 5 36 158 2,369 NA 2,3691987 2,572 NA 3 2,575 NA 52 NA 6 46 164 2,457 NA 2,4571988 2,704 NA 3 2,707 NA 39 NA 7 32 161 2,578 NA 2,578198922,848 44115 2,967 NA 26 NA 15 11 222 2,647 109 2,7561990 2,901 6 131 3,038 16 18 16 16 2 203 2,713 125 2,8371991 2,936 6 133 3,074 20 22 2 2 20 207 2,762 124 2,8861992 2,934 6 143 3,084 26 28 2 3 25 212 2,763 134 2,8971993 3,044 7 146 3,197 29 31 3 4 28 224 2,861 139 3,0011994 3,089 8 151 3,248 45 47 1 2 45 211 2,935 146 3,0811995 3,194 8 151 3,353 41 43 2 4 39 229 3,013 151 3,1641996 3,284 9 151 3,444 42 43 2 3 40 231 3,101 153 3,2541997 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 43 7 9 34 224 3,146 156 3,3021998 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 40 12 14 26 221 3,264 161 3,4251999 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 43 13 14 29 240 3,312 172 3,4842000 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 49 13 15 34 244 3,421 171 3,5922001 3,580 7 149 3,737 38 39 16 16 22 202 3,394 163 3,5572002 3,698 7 153 3,858 37 37 15 16 21 248 3,465 166 3,6322003 3,721 7 155 3,883 29 30 24 24 6 228 3,494 168 3,6622004 3,808 8 154 3,971 33 34 22 23 11 266 3,547 168 3,7162005 3,902 8 145 4,055R42R44 19R19 25 269 3,661 150 3,8112006 3,908 8 148 4,065 42 43 23 24 18 266 3,670 147 3,8172007 4,005 8 143 4,157 50 51 20 20 31R298 3,765R126R3,8902008 3,974 8 137 4,119 56 57R24 24 33R287 3,733R132R3,8652009R3,810 8R132R3,950 51 52R18 18 34R261R3,597R127R3,7242010P3,971 8 140 4,120 44 45 19 19 26 261 3,750E134 3,8841Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports.2Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.3Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.4Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, dataare for industrial hydroelectric power only.5Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation anddelivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.6Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.7Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energyservice providers.8Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes thepower or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Notes:•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants IntoEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: See end of section.Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)By Sector, 1989-2010 By Source Category, 2010 By Source, 2010By Source, 1949-2010236 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal,other gases, solar thermal and photovoltaic,batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid wastefrom non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).2Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010012345

Trillion Kilowatthours2.90.80.4Fossil Nuclear Renewable01234

Trillion Kilowatthours45%20%6%24%6%Total(All Sectors)NaturalGasOther1Electric PowerHydroelectricPower2NuclearElectric PowerCoalFuelsCommercial and IndustrialElectric Power Energy1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100.00.51.01.52.02.5

Trillion KilowatthoursCoalOther1Nuclear Electric PowerNatural GasHydroelectricPower2Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by SectorBy Sector, 2010 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2010Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 2371Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and othermanufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels.2Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).— = No data reported.(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.4.00.1(s)Electric Power Industrial Commercial012345

Trillion Kilowatthours1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010012345

Trillion KilowatthoursElectricity-Only PlantsCombined-Heat-and-Power Plants4(ss)1(—)(ss)(ss)2179261882213Natural Gas Wood Coal Other Gases1 Petroleum Conventional Waste Other20306090

Billion KilowatthoursIndustrialCommercialHydroelectricPower238 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage**5**Renewable Energy Other** 10**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 6**Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 9**Wind Total** **Wood**7**Waste**81949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.06( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA NA 95.2 NA 296.11950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .06( ) 100.9 .4 NA NA NA NA 101.3 NA 334.11955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .06( ) 116.2 .3 NA NA NA NA 116.5 NA 550.31960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .56( ) 149.4 .1 NA (s) NA NA 149.6 NA 759.21965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.76( ) 197.0 .3 NA .2 NA NA 197.4 NA 1,058.41970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.86( ) 251.0 .1 .2 .5 NA NA 251.8 NA 1,535.11975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.56( ) 303.2 (s) .2 3.2 NA NA 306.6 NA 1,920.81976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.16( ) 286.9 .1 .2 3.6 NA NA 290.8 NA 2,040.91977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.96( ) 223.6 .3 .2 3.6 NA NA 227.7 NA 2,127.41978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.46( ) 283.5 .2 .1 3.0 NA NA 286.8 NA 2,209.41979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.26( ) 283.1 .3 .2 3.9 NA NA 287.5 NA 2,250.71980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.16( ) 279.2 .3 .2 5.1 NA NA 284.7 NA 2,289.61981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.76( ) 263.8 .2 .1 5.7 NA NA 269.9 NA 2,298.01982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.86( ) 312.4 .2 .1 4.8 NA NA 317.5 NA 2,244.41983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.76( ) 335.3 .2 .2 6.1 NA (s) 341.7 NA 2,313.41984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.66( ) 324.3 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (s) 332.9 NA 2,419.51985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.76( ) 284.3 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (s) 295.0 NA 2,473.01986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.06( ) 294.0 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 305.5 NA 2,490.51987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.36( ) 252.9 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (s) 265.1 NA 2,575.31988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.06( ) 226.1 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 238.1 NA 2,707.41989111,583.8 164.4 352.6 7.9 2,108.6 529.46( ) 272.0 27.2 9.2 14.6 .3 2.1 325.3 3.8 2,967.11990 1,594.0 126.5 372.8 10.4 2,103.6 576.9 -3.5 292.9 32.5 13.3 15.4 .4 2.8 357.2 3.6 3,037.81991 1,590.6 119.8 381.6 11.3 2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 289.0 33.7 15.7 16.0 .5 3.0 357.8 4.7 3,073.81992 1,621.2 100.2 404.1 13.3 2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 36.5 17.8 16.1 .4 2.9 326.9 3.7 3,083.91993 1,690.1 112.8 414.9 13.0 2,230.7 610.3 -4.0 280.5 37.6 18.3 16.8 .5 3.0 356.7 3.5 3,197.21994 1,690.7 105.9 460.2 13.3 2,270.1 640.4 -3.4 260.1 37.9 19.1 15.5 .5 3.4 336.7 3.7 3,247.51995 1,709.4 74.6 496.1 13.9 2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 310.8 36.5 20.4 13.4 .5 3.2 384.8 4.1 3,353.51996 1,795.2 81.4 455.1 14.4 2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 347.2 36.8 20.9 14.3 .5 3.2 423.0 3.6 3,444.21997 1,845.0 92.6 479.4 13.4 2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 356.5 36.9 21.7 14.7 .5 3.3 433.6 3.6 3,492.21998 1,873.5 128.8 531.3 13.5 2,547.1 673.7 -4.5 323.3 36.3 22.4 14.8 .5 3.0 400.4 3.6 3,620.31999 1,881.1 118.1 556.4 14.1 2,569.7 728.3 -6.1 319.5 37.0 22.6 14.8 .5 4.5 399.0 4.0 3,694.82000 1,966.3 111.2 601.0 14.0 2,692.5 753.9 -5.5 275.6 37.6 23.1 14.1 .5 5.6 356.5 4.8 3,802.12001 1,904.0 124.9 639.1 9.0 2,677.0 768.8 -8.8 217.0 35.2 14.5 13.7 .5 6.7 287.7 11.9 3,736.62002 1,933.1 94.6 691.0 11.5 2,730.2 780.1 -8.7 264.3 38.7 15.0 14.5 .6 10.4 343.4 13.5 3,858.52003 1,973.7 119.4 649.9 15.6 2,758.6 763.7 -8.5 275.8 37.5 15.8 14.4 .5 11.2 355.3 14.0 3,883.22004 1,978.3 121.1 710.1 15.3 2,824.8 788.5 -8.5 268.4 38.1 15.4 14.8 .6 14.1 351.5 14.2 3,970.62005 2,012.9 122.2 761.0 13.5 2,909.5 782.0 -6.6 270.3 38.9 15.4 14.7 .6 17.8 357.7 12.8 4,055.42006 1,990.5 64.2 816.4 14.2 2,885.3 787.2 -6.6 289.2 38.8 16.1 14.6 .5 26.6 385.8 13.0 4,064.72007 2,016.5 65.7 896.6 13.5 2,992.2 806.4 -6.9 247.5 39.0 16.5 14.6 .6 34.4 352.7 12.2 4,156.72008 1,985.8 46.2 883.0 11.7 2,926.7 806.2 -6.3 254.8 37.3 17.7R14.8 .9 55.4R380.9R11.8 4,119.42009R1,755.9R38.9R921.0R10.6R2,726.5R798.9R-4.6R273.4R36.1R18.4R15.0R.9R73.9R417.7R11.9R3,950.32010P1,850.7 36.9 981.8 11.2 2,880.7 807.0 -4.1 257.1 38.0 18.6 15.7 1.3 94.6 425.2 11.3 4,120.01Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.6Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."7Wood and wood-derived fuels.8Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).9Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only; hydroelectric data through1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion killowatthours.Notes:•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector, and Table 8.1 for industrial sector.•1989forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 239**T able 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage**5**Renewable Energy Other** 10**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 6**Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 9**Wind Total** **Wood**7**Waste**81949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.06( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA NA 90.1 NA 291.11950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .06( ) 95.9 .4 NA NA NA NA 96.3 NA 329.11955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .06( ) 113.0 .3 NA NA NA NA 113.3 NA 547.01960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .56( ) 145.8 .1 NA (s) NA NA 146.0 NA 755.51965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.76( ) 193.9 .3 NA .2 NA NA 194.3 NA 1,055.31970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.86( ) 247.7 .1 .2 .5 NA NA 248.6 NA 1,531.91975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.56( ) 300.0 (s) .2 3.2 NA NA 303.5 NA 1,917.61976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.16( ) 283.7 .1 .2 3.6 NA NA 287.6 NA 2,037.71977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.96( ) 220.5 .3 .2 3.6 NA NA 224.5 NA 2,124.31978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.46( ) 280.4 .2 .1 3.0 NA NA 283.7 NA 2,206.31979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.26( ) 279.8 .3 .2 3.9 NA NA 284.2 NA 2,247.41980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.16( ) 276.0 .3 .2 5.1 NA NA 281.5 NA 2,286.41981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.76( ) 260.7 .2 .1 5.7 NA NA 266.7 NA 2,294.81982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.86( ) 309.2 .2 .1 4.8 NA NA 314.4 NA 2,241.21983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.76( ) 332.1 .2 .2 6.1 NA (s) 338.6 NA 2,310.31984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.66( ) 321.2 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (s) 329.8 NA 2,416.31985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.76( ) 281.1 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (s) 291.9 NA 2,469.81986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.06( ) 290.8 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 302.3 NA 2,487.31987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.36( ) 249.7 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (s) 262.0 NA 2,572.11988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.06( ) 222.9 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 234.9 NA 2,704.31989111,562.4 159.0 297.3 .5 2,019.1 529.46( ) 269.2 5.6 7.7 14.6 .3 2.1 299.5 .3 2,848.21990 1,572.1 118.9 309.5 .6 2,001.1 576.9 -3.5 289.8 7.0 11.5 15.4 .4 2.8 326.9 (s) 2,901.31991 1,568.8 112.8 317.8 .7 2,000.1 612.6 -4.5 286.0 7.7 13.9 16.0 .5 3.0 327.0 .4 2,935.61992 1,597.7 92.2 334.3 1.2 2,025.4 618.8 -4.2 250.0 8.5 15.9 16.1 .4 2.9 293.9 .5 2,934.41993 1,665.5 105.4 342.2 1.0 2,114.1 610.3 -4.0 277.5 9.2 16.2 16.8 .5 3.0 323.2 .4 3,043.91994 1,666.3 98.7 385.7 1.1 2,151.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 9.2 17.0 15.5 .5 3.4 299.7 .2 3,088.71995 1,686.1 68.1 419.2 1.9 2,175.3 673.4 -2.7 305.4 7.6 18.0 13.4 .5 3.2 348.0 .2 3,194.21996 1,772.0 74.8 378.8 1.3 2,226.9 674.7 -3.1 341.2 8.4 17.8 14.3 .5 3.2 385.4 .2 3,284.11997 1,820.8 86.5 399.6 1.5 2,308.4 628.6 -4.0 350.6 8.7 18.5 14.7 .5 3.3 396.3 .1 3,329.41998 1,850.2 122.2 449.3 2.3 2,424.0 673.7 -4.5 317.9 8.6 19.2 14.8 .5 3.0 364.0 .2 3,457.41999 1,858.6 111.5 473.0 1.6 2,444.8 728.3 -6.1 314.7 9.0 19.5 14.8 .5 4.5 362.9 .1 3,530.02000 1,943.1 105.2 518.0 2.0 2,568.3 753.9 -5.5 271.3 8.9 20.3 14.1 .5 5.6 320.7 .1 3,637.52001 1,882.8 119.1 554.9 .6 2,557.5 768.8 -8.8 213.7 8.3 12.9 13.7 .5 6.7 256.0 6.5 3,580.12002 1,910.6 89.7 607.7 2.0 2,610.0 780.1 -8.7 260.5 9.0 13.1 14.5 .6 10.4 308.0 9.1 3,698.52003 1,952.7 113.7 567.3 2.6 2,636.4 763.7 -8.5 271.5 9.5 13.8 14.4 .5 11.2 321.0 8.6 3,721.22004 1,957.2 114.7 627.2 3.6 2,702.6 788.5 -8.5 265.1 9.7 13.1 14.8 .6 14.1 317.4 8.3 3,808.42005 1,992.1 116.5 683.8 3.8 2,796.1 782.0 -6.6 267.0 10.6 13.0 14.7 .6 17.8 323.7 6.9 3,902.22006 1,969.7 59.7 734.4 4.3 2,768.1 787.2 -6.6 286.3 10.3 13.9 14.6 .5 26.6 352.2 7.1 3,908.12007 1,998.4 61.3 814.8 4.0 2,878.5 806.4 -6.9 245.8 10.7 14.3 14.6 .6 34.4 320.5 6.8 4,005.32008 1,968.8 42.9 802.4 3.2 2,817.3 806.2 -6.3 253.1 10.6 15.4R14.8 .9 55.4R350.2R7.0 3,974.32009R1,741.1 35.8R841.0 3.1R2,621.0R798.9R-4.6R271.5R10.7R16.0R15.0R.9R73.9R388.0R6.6R3,809.82010P1,831.2 34.4 898.4 2.8 2,766.9 807.0 -4.1 255.3 11.5 16.1 15.7 1.3 94.6 394.5 7.0 3,971.21Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.6Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."7Wood and wood-derived fuels.8Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).9Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.Notes:•The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat,tothe public.•See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data.•See Note1,"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"atend of section.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power PlantReport."•October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly PowerPlant Report."•1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "MonthlyPower Plant Report."•1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and FormEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowerPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA,Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and FormEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report."240 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010** (Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage**5**Renewable Energy Other** 10**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 6**Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 9**Wind Total** **Wood**7**Waste**8**Electricity-Only Plants**111989 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 – 1,979.3 529.46( ) 269.2 4.2 6.9 14.6 0.3 2.1 297.3 – 2,805.91990 1,560.2 117.6 264.7 (s) 1,942.4 576.9 -3.5 289.8 5.6 10.4 15.4 .4 2.8 324.3 – 2,840.01995 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 .5 3.2 344.7 – 3,052.81996 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 .5 3.2 381.8 – 3,137.61997 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 .5 3.3 392.0 – 3,181.31998 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 .1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 .5 3.0 359.8 – 3,303.61999 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 .5 4.5 358.8 – 3,374.62000 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 .2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 .5 5.6 316.4 – 3,472.92001 1,851.8 113.2 427.0 (s) 2,392.0 768.8 -8.8 213.7 6.6 11.3 13.7 .5 6.7 252.6 5.9 3,410.52002 1,881.2 83.3 456.8 .2 2,421.5 780.1 -8.7 260.5 7.3 11.2 14.5 .6 10.4 304.3 7.6 3,504.82003 1,915.8 108.5 421.2 .3 2,445.7 763.7 -8.5 271.5 7.4 11.9 14.4 .5 11.2 317.0 7.6 3,525.52004 1,921.1 109.4 491.2 .4 2,522.0 788.5 -8.5 265.1 8.1 11.8 14.8 .6 14.1 314.5 7.6 3,624.12005 1,955.5 111.2 553.2 (s) 2,619.9 782.0 -6.6 267.0 8.5 11.7 14.7 .6 17.8 320.3 6.2 3,721.82006 1,933.7 55.2 618.0 (s) 2,607.0 787.2 -6.6 286.2 8.3 12.5 14.6 .5 26.6 348.7 6.3 3,742.72007 1,962.0 56.9 686.3 .1 2,705.3 806.4 -6.9 245.8 8.7 12.9 14.6 .6 34.4 317.1 6.0 3,828.02008 1,932.0 39.3 683.3 (s) 2,654.6 806.2 -6.3 253.1 8.6 14.0R14.8 .9 55.4R346.8R6.2 3,807.42009R1,711.9R31.9R722.7 .1R2,466.6R798.9R-4.6R271.5R8.5 14.3R15.0R.9R73.9R384.0R5.8R3,650.72010P1,799.3 31.5 776.0 .1 2,606.9 807.0 -4.1 255.3 9.0 14.4 15.7 1.3 94.6 390.4 6.0 3,806.2**Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants**121989 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 – – – 1.3 0.9 – – – 2.2 0.3 42.31990 11.9 1.3 44.8 .6 58.7 – – – 1.4 1.1 – – – 2.6 (s) 61.31995 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 3.4 .2 141.51996 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 – – – 1.9 1.7 – – – 3.6 .2 146.61997 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 – – – 2.2 2.1 – – – 4.3 .1 148.11998 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 – – – 2.0 2.3 – – – 4.2 .2 153.81999 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 – – – 1.7 2.4 – – – 4.1 .1 155.42000 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 – – – 1.6 2.7 – – – 4.3 .1 164.62001 31.0 6.0 128.0 .6 165.5 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 3.4 .6 169.52002 29.4 6.5 150.9 1.7 188.5 – – – 1.7 2.0 – – – 3.7 1.4 193.72003 36.9 5.2 146.1 2.4 190.6 – – – 2.1 1.9 – – – 4.0 1.1 195.72004 36.1 5.3 136.0 3.2 180.6 – – – 1.6 1.3 – – – 2.9 .7 184.32005 36.5 5.3 130.7 3.8 176.2 – – (s) 2.1 1.3 – – – 3.4 .7 180.42006 36.0 4.5 116.4 4.2 161.1 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 3.5 .8 165.42007 36.4 4.4 128.4 3.9 173.2 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 3.5 .7 177.42008 36.9 3.6 119.0 3.2 162.7 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 3.4 .8 166.92009R29.2R3.9R118.3 3.0R154.4 – – (s)R2.3R1.7 – – –R3.9R.8R159.12010P31.9 2.9 122.3 2.8 159.9 – – (s) 2.5 1.6 – – – 4.1 1.0 165.01Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.6Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."7Wood and wood-derived fuels.8Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).9Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to thepublic. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.12Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business istosell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are includedunder "Electricity-Only Plants."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.Notes:•See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data.•See Note1,"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"atend of section.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowerPlant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, FormEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 241**T able 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010** (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage**5**Renewable Energy Other** 9**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** **Biomass Geo** **themal Solar/PV** 8**Wind Total** **Wood**6**Waste**7**Commercial Sector**101989 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 – – 0.1 0.1 0.5 – – – 0.7 – 4.31990 .8 .6 3.3 .1 4.8 – – .1 .1 .8 – – – 1.1 – 5.81995 1.0 .4 5.2 – 6.5 – – .1 .1 1.5 – – – 1.7 (s) 8.21996 1.1 .4 5.2 (s) 6.7 – – .1 .1 2.2 – – – 2.4 (s) 9.01997 1.0 .4 4.7 (s) 6.2 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 2.5 (s) 8.71998 1.0 .4 4.9 (s) 6.3 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 2.5 – 8.71999 1.0 .4 4.6 (s) 6.0 – – .1 (s) 2.4 – – – 2.5 (s) 8.62000 1.1 .4 4.3 (s) 5.8 – – .1 (s) 2.0 – – – 2.1 (s) 7.92001 1.0 .4 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.0 – – – 1.1 .5 7.42002 1.0 .4 4.3 (s) 5.7 – – (s) (s) 1.1 – – – 1.1 .6 7.42003 1.2 .4 3.9 – 5.5 – – .1 (s) 1.3 – – – 1.4 .6 7.52004 1.3 .5 4.0 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 1.7 .8 8.32005 1.4 .4 4.2 – 6.0 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – – – 1.8 .8 8.52006 1.3 .2 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 1.7 .8 8.42007 1.4 .2 4.3 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 1.7 .8 8.32008 1.3 .1 4.2 – 5.6 – – .1 (s) 1.5 – (s) – 1.6 .7 7.92009R1.1R.2R4.2 –R5.5 – – .1 (s)R1.7 – (s)R(s)R1.8R.8R8.22010P1.1 .1 4.5 – 5.7 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – (s) (s) 1.8 .8 8.3**Industrial Sector**111989 20.7 4.8 53.2 7.3 85.9 – – 2.7 21.6 0.9 – – – 25.2 3.5 114.71990 21.1 7.0 60.0 9.6 97.8 – – 3.0 25.4 .9 – – – 29.3 3.6 130.71995 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 – – 5.3 28.9 .9 – – – 35.1 3.9 151.01996 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 – – 5.9 28.4 .9 – – – 35.2 3.4 151.01997 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 – – 5.7 28.2 .9 – – – 34.8 3.5 154.11998 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 – – 5.3 27.7 .9 – – – 33.9 3.4 154.11999 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 – – 4.8 28.1 .7 – – – 33.5 3.9 156.32000 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 – – 4.1 28.7 .8 – – – 33.6 4.7 156.72001 20.1 5.3 79.8 8.5 113.6 – – 3.1 26.9 .6 – – – 30.6 4.9 149.22002 21.5 4.4 79.0 9.5 114.4 – – 3.8 29.6 .8 – – – 34.3 3.8 152.62003 19.8 5.3 78.7 13.0 116.8 – – 4.2 28.0 .7 – – – 32.9 4.8 154.52004 19.8 6.0 79.0 11.7 116.4 – – 3.2 28.4 .8 – – – 32.4 5.1 153.92005 19.5 5.4 72.9 9.7 107.4 – – 3.2 28.3 .7 – – – 32.2 5.1 144.72006 19.5 4.2 77.7 9.9 111.3 – – 2.9 28.4 .6 – – – 31.9 5.1 148.32007 16.7 4.2 77.6 9.4 107.9 – – 1.6 28.3 .6 – – – 30.5 4.7 143.12008 15.7 3.2 76.4 8.5 103.9 – – 1.7 26.6 .8 – – – 29.1 4.1 137.12009R13.7R3.0R75.7 7.6R100.0 – – 1.9R25.3R.7 – – –R27.9R4.5R132.32010P18.4 2.4 79.0 8.4 108.1 – – 1.6 26.4 .8 – (s) – 28.9 3.5 140.51Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.6Wood and wood-derived fuels.7Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.9Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).10Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.11Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.Notes:•See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data.•See Note1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"at end of section.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power PlantsTotal (All Sectors), 1989-2010 Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2010By Sector, 1989-2010 By Sector, 2010242 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and othermanufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels.2Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.56251728698383615Wood Natural Coal Other Petroleum Waste Other20100200300400500600

Trillion Btu1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 20100.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion BtuGases11.20.30.1Industrial Electric Power Commercial0.00.61.21.8

Quadrillion BtuIndustrialGasCommercialElectric Power1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion BtuU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 243**T able 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010** (Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy Other** 7**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas**3**Other Gases**4**Total Biomass** **Total Wood** 5**Waste**61989 323 96 462 93 973 546 30 577 39 1,5891990 363 127 538 141 1,168 651 36 687 40 1,8961991 352 112 547 148 1,159 623 37 660 44 1,8631992 367 117 592 160 1,236 658 40 698 42 1,9761993 373 129 604 142 1,248 668 45 713 41 2,0021994 388 133 646 144 1,309 722 45 767 42 2,1191995 386 121 686 145 1,338 721 47 768 44 2,1511996 392 133 711 150 1,385 701 55 756 43 2,1841997 389 137 713 150 1,389 731 55 785 53 2,2271998 382 136 782 167 1,466 700 57 757 46 2,2691999 386 125 811 179 1,501 690 55 744 48 2,2942000 384 108 812 184 1,488 707 56 764 50 2,3022001 354 90 741 133 1,318 557 28 585 55 1,9582002 337 73 709 118 1,236 546 26 572 48 1,8562003 333 85 610 110 1,139 597 35 632 55 1,8262004 352 97 654 126 1,230 637 30 667 45 1,9432005 342 92 624 138 1,197 628 36 665 41 1,9032006 333 78 603 126 1,140 653 37 690 49 1,8792007 327 76 554 116 1,074 616 35 651 47 1,7722008 315 48 509 111 983 572 38 610 24 1,6172009R282R53R513R100R947R509 38R547R33R1,5272010P286 38 517 98 939 562 36 598 15 1,5521Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).7Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•Data do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.•See Note1,"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totalsmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.244 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010** (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy Other** 7**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas**3**Other Gases**4**Total Biomass** **Total Wood** 5**Waste**61989 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 1 1141990 21 9 80 4 114 18 6 25 (s) 1381991 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1 1401992 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 2 1671993 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 1 1731994 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1 1951995 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 (s) 2031996 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 (s) 2131997 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 (s) 2211998 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 (s) 2221999 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 (s) 2382000 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 (s) 2492001 52 6 164 5 226 8 4 13 3 2432002 40 4 214 6 264 8 5 13 5 2812003 38 7 200 9 255 9 11 20 3 2782004 39 8 239 18 305 9 9 17 4 3262005 40 8 239 37 323 10 8 18 4 3462006 38 7 207 23 275 10 7 17 4 2972007 38 7 213 20 279 11 8 19 4 3022008 37 7 204 22 270 9 8 17 5 2922009R38 7R191 20R256 9R8R18 5R2782010P40 6 197 19 262 11 8 19 5 2871Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).7Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants.•See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data.•See Note 1, "Coverage of ElectricityStatistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•See"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report."U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 245**T able 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,** **Selected Years, 1989-2010**(Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy Other** 7**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas**3**Other Gases**4**Total Biomass** **Total Wood** 5**Waste**6**Commercial Sector**81989 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 – 381990 15 5 16 (s) 36 (s) 10 11 – 461995 17 3 29 – 48 (s) 15 15 (s) 631996 20 3 33 (s) 55 1 17 18 – 731997 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 – 861998 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 – 821999 20 3 37 (s) 61 1 17 17 – 782000 21 4 39 (s) 64 1 17 18 – 822001 18 4 35 – 58 1 8 8 6 722002 18 3 36 – 57 1 6 7 5 692003 23 3 17 – 42 1 8 8 6 572004 22 4 22 – 49 (s) 8 9 6 642005 23 4 20 – 47 (s) 8 9 6 612006 22 2 19 (s) 44 (s) 9 9 6 592007 23 2 20 – 44 1 6 7 4 552008 23 2 20 – 45 (s) 9 9 6 602009 20R1R26 –R47 (s) 8R8 6R612010P20 1 25 – 46 (s) 7 8 5 59**Industrial Sector**91989 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 38 1,4371990 327 113 443 137 1,019 632 20 652 40 1,7111995 329 105 540 140 1,114 706 20 726 44 1,8841996 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 43 1,8971997 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 53 1,9201998 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 46 1,9651999 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 48 1,9782000 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 50 1,9712001 284 80 542 128 1,034 548 16 564 46 1,6442002 278 66 458 112 914 537 15 552 39 1,5052003 272 75 393 101 842 588 16 604 46 1,4912004 290 85 393 108 876 628 13 641 35 1,5532005 280 81 364 102 827 618 20 638 32 1,4962006 272 69 377 103 821 642 21 663 39 1,5232007 266 67 322 96 751 605 21 625 38 1,4142008 255 39 285 89 668 563 21 584 13 1,2652009R223R45R296R80R644R500R21R521R22R1,1882010P226 31 295 79 630 551 21 572 5 1,2071Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).7Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).8Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.9Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP data.•See Note 1, "Coverage of ElectricityStatistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•See"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report."Figure 8.4 Consumption for Electricity GenerationTotal and Major Fuel Categories, 1949-2010 By Major Fuel, 2010By Major Fuel, 1949-2010 By Sector, 1989-2010246 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Conventional hydroelectric power.2Geothermal, other gases, electricity netimports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy,batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid wastefrom non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).3Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.Fossil FuelsRenewable EnergyNuclear ElectricPower1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201001020304050

Quadrillion Btu19.28.47.82.50.90.40.30.30.5Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Wind Petro- Wood Waste Other20510152025

Quadrillion BtuTotal EnergyElectricPowerGas ElectricPower1leum1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201006121824

Quadrillion Btu1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20090153045

Quadrillion BtuElectric Power SectorCoalNuclear ElectricPowerPetroleumNatural GasRenewableEnergyCommercial3Industrial3U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 247**T able 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power**5**Renewable Energy Other** 9**Electricity Net** **Imports**10**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 5**Biomass Geo** **thermal**5**Solar/PV**5,8**Wind**5**Total Wood** 6**Waste**71949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 1,431 NA 5 4,4151950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 1,421 NA 6 4,7491955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1,363 NA 14 6,5001960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,608 2 NAR(s) NA NA 1,610 NA 15 8,1971965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,059 3 NAR2 NA NAR2,064 NA (s)R11,0451970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,634 1 2R6 NA NAR2,643 NA 7R16,2871975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,155 (s) 2R34 NA NAR3,190 NA 21R20,3031976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,976 1 2R38 NA NAR3,017 NA 29R21,5061977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,333 3 2R37 NA NAR2,376 NA 59R22,5831978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,937 2 1R31 NA NAR2,971 NA 67R23,5851979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,931 3 2R40 NA NAR2,976 NA 69R23,9771980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,900 3 2R53 NA NAR2,957 NA 71R24,3351981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,758 3 1R59 NA NAR2,821 NA 113R24,4951982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,266 2 1R51 NA NAR3,320 NA 100R24,0421983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,527 2 2R64 NA (s)R3,595 NA 121R24,6731984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,386 5 4R81 (s) (s)R3,476 NA 135R25,6901985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,970 8 7R97 (s) (s)R3,082 NA 140R26,0901986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,071 5 7R108 (s) (s)R3,191 NA 122R26,2801987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,635 8 7R112 (s) (s)R2,762 NA 158R27,0401988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,334 10 8R106 (s) (s)R2,458 NA 108R28,27619891116,359111,756113,582 901121,788115,602122,837113451115111,R152113112211,R3,510 39 37R30,9761990 16,477 1,366 3,791 112 21,746 6,104 3,046 442 211R161 4 29R3,893 36 8R31,7881991 16,460 1,276 3,861 125 21,723 6,422 3,016 425 247R167 5 31R3,889 59 67R32,1601992 16,686 1,076 3,999 141 21,903 6,479 2,617 481 283R167 4 30R3,582 40 87R32,0911993 17,424 1,203 4,027 136 22,790 6,410 2,892 485 288R173 5 31R3,874 34 95R33,2031994 17,485 1,135 4,476 136 23,233 6,694 2,683 498 301R160 5 36R3,683 40 153R33,8031995 17,687 813 4,840 133 23,473 7,075 3,205 480 316R138 5 33R4,177 42 134R34,9011996 18,650 888 4,400 159 24,097 7,087 3,590 513 324R148 5 33R4,613 37 137R35,9711997 19,128 985 4,658 119 24,890 6,597 3,640 484 339R150 5 34R4,653 36 116R36,2931998 19,417 1,378 5,205 125 26,124 7,068 3,297 475 332R151 5 31R4,290 36 88R37,6071999 19,467 1,285 5,441 126 26,320 7,610 3,268 490 332R152 5 46R4,292 41 99R38,3622000 20,411 1,212 5,818 126 27,567 7,862 2,811 496 330R144 5 57R3,843 46 115R39,4332001 19,789 1,347 6,001 97 27,235 8,029 2,242 486 228R142 6 70R3,173 160 75R38,6722002 19,997 1,014 6,250 131 27,392 8,145 2,689 605 257R147 6 105R3,809 191 72R39,6102003 20,367 1,266 5,736 156 27,525 7,959 2,825 519 249R148 5 115R3,860 193 22R39,5592004 20,376 1,248 5,827 135 27,586 8,222 2,690 344 230R148 6 142R3,560 183 39R39,5912005 20,802 1,269 6,212 110 28,393 8,161 2,703 355 230R147 6 178R3,619 173R85R40,4302006 20,527 668 6,644 115 27,954 8,215 2,869 350 241R145 5 264R3,873 162 63R40,2682007 20,842 683 7,288 115 28,927 8,455 2,446 353 245R145 6 341R3,536 168 107R41,1932008 20,549 485 7,087 97 28,218 8,427 2,511 339 267R146 9 546R3,817R172 112R40,7472009R18,241R403R7,302R84R26,029R8,356R2,669R320R272R146R9R721R4,137R170 116R38,8082010P19,187 385 7,805 89 27,465 8,441 2,509 335 263 153 13 924 4,196 161 88 40,3511Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.6Wood and wood-derived fuels.7Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.9Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).10Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end ofsection.11Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.12Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. Beginning in 1989, data are forelectric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumedtoproduce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.•This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The changewas made because most of the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generatedby plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in otherdata columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on).•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sector, and Tables 8.1 and A6 for industrialsector.•1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.248 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector,** **Selected Years, 1949-2010**(Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power**5**Renewable Energy Other** 9**Electricity Net** **Imports**10**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 5**Biomass Geo** **thermal**5**Solar/PV**5,8**Wind**5**Total Wood** 6**Waste**71949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 NA 5 4,3391950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 NA 6 4,6791955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 NA 14 6,4611960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,569 2 NAR(s) NA NA 1,571 NA 15 8,1581965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,026 3 NAR2 NA NAR2,031 NA (s)R11,0121970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,600 1 2R6 NA NAR2,609 NA 7R16,2531975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,122 (s) 2R34 NA NAR3,158 NA 21R20,2701976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,943 1 2R38 NA NAR2,983 NA 29R21,4731977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,301 3 2R37 NA NAR2,343 NA 59R22,5511978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,905 2 1R31 NA NAR2,940 NA 67R23,5531979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,897 3 2R40 NA NAR2,942 NA 69R23,9431980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,867 3 2R53 NA NAR2,925 NA 71R24,3021981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,725 3 1R59 NA NAR2,788 NA 113R24,4621982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,233 2 1R51 NA NAR3,286 NA 100R24,0091983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,494 2 2R64 NA (s)R3,562 NA 121R24,6391984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,353 5 4R81 (s) (s)R3,443 NA 135R25,6571985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,937 8 7R97 (s) (s)R3,049 NA 140R26,0571986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,038 5 7R108 (s) (s)R3,158 NA 122R26,2471987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,602 8 7R112 (s) (s)R2,729 NA 158R27,0071988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,302 10 8R106 (s) (s)R2,425 NA 108R28,24419891116,121111,697113,107 71120,932115,602112,80811751112611,R152113112211,R3,187 2 37R29,7611990 16,235 1,281 3,233 6 20,755 6,104 3,014 106 180R161 4 29R3,493 (s) 8R30,3611991 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 6,422 2,985 104 217R167 5 31R3,509 4 67R30,7271992 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 6,479 2,586 120 252R167 4 30R3,158 3 87R30,5681993 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 6,410 2,861 129 255R173 5 31R3,454 3 95R31,6811994 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 6,694 2,620 134 269R160 5 36R3,224 2 153R32,2071995 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 7,075 3,149 106 282R138 5 33R3,713 2 134R33,2811996 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 7,087 3,528 117 280R148 5 33R4,112 2 137R34,2681997 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 6,597 3,581 117 292R150 5 34R4,179 1 116R34,6601998 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 7,068 3,241 125 287R151 5 31R3,840 2 88R36,0081999 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 7,610 3,218 125 290R152 5 46R3,836 1 99R36,7282000 20,153 1,145 5,120 19 26,438 7,862 2,768 126 294R144 5 57R3,394 1 115R37,8112001 19,549 1,280 5,290 9 26,128 8,029 2,209 116 205R142 6 70R2,747 109 75R37,0892002 19,733 955 5,522 25 26,235 8,145 2,650 141 224R147 6 105R3,273 137 72R37,8612003 20,137 1,199 5,009 30 26,374 7,959 2,781 156 216R148 5 115R3,421 136 22R37,9122004 20,217 1,202 5,209 27 26,655 8,222 2,656 150 206R148 6 142R3,308 131 39R38,3552005 20,649 1,227 5,643 24 27,543 8,161 2,670 166 205R147 6 178R3,372 116R85R39,2762006 20,377 635 6,055 28 27,095 8,215 2,839 163 216R145 5 264R3,632 117 63R39,1222007 20,723 651 6,681 27 28,083 8,455 2,430 165 221R145 6 341R3,307 117 107R40,0682008 20,431 463 6,516 23 27,434 8,427 2,494 159 242R146 9 546R3,596R122 112R39,6912009R18,135R382R6,731R21R25,270R8,356R2,650R160R244R146R9R721R3,931R115 116R37,7882010P19,039 369 7,211 20 26,638 8,441 2,492 165 236 153 13 924 3,983 115 88 39,2651Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.6Wood and wood-derived fuels.7Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.9Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).10Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end ofsection.11Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed toproduce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.•The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants withinthe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.•See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data.•This table no longershows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The change was made because mostof the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generated by plants other thanpumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in other data columns in thistable (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on).•See Note1,"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"atend of section.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:**Electricity Net Imports:**Tables 8.1 and A6.**All Other Data:**•1949-1988—Tables 8.2b,8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6.•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759,"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual ElectricGenerator Report—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and PowerPlant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 249**T able 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,** **Selected Years, 1989-2010**(Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Renewable Energy** **Other**9**Electricity Net** **Imports Total** **Coal**1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 5**Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 5,8**Wind**5**Total Wood** 6**Waste**7**Commercial Sector**101989 9 7 18 1 36 – 1 2 9 – – – 12 – – – 471990 9 6 28 1 45 – 1 2 15 – – – 18 – – – 631995 12 4 44 – 60 – 1 1 21 – – – 23 (s) – – 831996 14 4 44 (s) 62 – 1 1 31 – – – 33 (s) – – 951997 14 5 40 (s) 59 – 1 1 34 – – – 35 (s) – – 941998 11 5 42 (s) 57 – 1 1 32 – – – 34 – – – 911999 12 6 40 (s) 57 – 1 (s) 33 – – – 35 (s) – – 922000 12 5 38 (s) 55 – 1 (s) 26 – – – 28 (s) – – 822001 13 6 37 (s) 56 – 1 (s) 15 – – – 16 7 – – 792002 9 4 31 (s) 44 – (s) (s) 18 – – – 19 11 – – 732003 13 5 39 – 58 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 11 – – 892004 8 5 34 – 46 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 11 – – 782005 8 4 35 – 46 – 1 (s) 20 – – – 21 10 – – 782006 8 2 35R(s) 45 – 1 (s) 21 – – – 22 10 – – 772007 8 2 35 – 44 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 20 10 – – 752008 8 1 34 – 43 – 1 (s) 20 – (s) – 21 11 – – 752009 7 1R35 –R43 – 1 (s)R23 – (s)R(s)R24R13 – –R802010P7 1 36 – 44 – 1 (s) 22 – (s) (s) 24 13 – – 80**Industrial Sector**111989 229 52 456 83 820 – 28 267 15 – – – 311 37 – – 1,1681990 233 79 530 104 946 – 31 335 16 – – – 382 36 – – 1,3641995 259 66 617 114 1,057 – 55 373 13 – – – 440 40 – – 1,5371996 261 74 626 143 1,104 – 61 394 13 – – – 468 35 – – 1,6071997 260 63 637 105 1,064 – 58 367 14 – – – 439 36 – – 1,5381998 245 67 643 102 1,056 – 55 349 13 – – – 417 35 – – 1,5081999 242 68 660 112 1,081 – 49 364 8 – – – 422 39 – – 1,5422000 245 61 660 107 1,074 – 42 369 10 – – – 421 45 – – 1,5402001 227 62 674 88 1,051 – 33 370 7 – – – 410 44 – – 1,5042002 255 55 697 106 1,113 – 39 464 15 – – – 518 43 – – 1,6752003 217 61 687 127 1,093 – 43 362 13 – – – 419 46 – – 1,5582004 151 42 585 108 885 – 33 194 5 – – – 231 41 – – 1,1582005 145 39 534 85 804 – 32 189 5 – – – 226 46 – – 1,0762006 143 31 554 87 814 – 29 187 3 – – – 219 35 – – 1,0682007 111 30 572 88 800 – 16 188 4 – – – 208 41 – – 1,0502008 109 21 537 73 740 – 17 179 5 – – – 200 39 – – 9802009R99 20R535R62R716 – 18R160 4 – – –R182R42 – –R9402010P141 15 558 69 783 – 16 169 5 – (s) – 190 33 – – 1,0051Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.6Wood and wood-derived fuels.7Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.9Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).10Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.11Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – =Not applicable. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity.•See Table 8.4b for electric powersector electricity-only and CHP data.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note2,"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."Figure 8.5a Consumption ofCombustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2010CoalNatural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste250 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010ResidualFuel OilTotalPetroleumSource: Table 8.5a.1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 201000.30.60.91.2

Billion Short Tons1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 201002468

Trillion Cubic FeetWasteWood1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 20100.00.20.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010050100150200250300

Million BarrelsFigure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2010CoalNatural GasPetroleum Wood and WasteU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 2517.10.50.0Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial202468

Trillion Cubic Feet—CHP1(ss)1Combined-heat-and-power plants.2 Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.ElectricityOnlyPlants97180Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial202004006008001,0001,200

Million Short Tons(s)ElectricityOnlyPlantsCHP1—CHP16220Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2020406080

Million Barrels40117423Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial20100200300400500

Trillion BtuElectricity-OnlyPlantsElectricity-OnlyPlantsCHP1(sss)252 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-201** **0**(Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 6 NA NA1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 5 NA NA1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 3 NA NA1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 2 NA NA1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 3 NA NA1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1 2 NA1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA (s) 2 NA1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1 2 NA1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 3 2 NA1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 2 1 NA1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 3 2 NA1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 3 2 NA1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 3 1 NA1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 2 1 NA1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 2 2 NA1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 5 4 NA1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 8 7 NA1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 5 7 NA1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 8 7 NA1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 10 8 NA198911781,672 27,733 249,614 303 667 280,986 3,485,429 90 345 151 391990 792,457 18,143 190,652 437 1,914 218,800 3,691,563 112 442 211 361991 793,666 16,564 177,780 380 1,789 203,669 3,764,778 125 425 247 591992 805,140 14,493 144,467 759 2,504 172,241 3,899,718 141 481 283 401993 842,153 16,845 159,059 715 3,169 192,462 3,928,653 136 485 288 341994 848,796 22,365 145,225 929 3,020 183,618 4,367,148 136 498 301 401995 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,737,871 133 480 316 421996 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312,458 159 513 324 371997 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,564,770 119 484 339 361998 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081,384 125 475 332 361999 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,321,984 126 490 332 412000 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691,481 126 496 330 462001 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 5,832,305 97 486 228 1602002 987,583 23,286 109,235 1,894 6,836 168,597 6,126,062 131 605 257 1912003 1,014,058 29,672 142,518 2,947 6,303 206,653 5,616,135 156 519 249 1932004 1,020,523 20,163 142,088 2,856 7,677 203,494 5,674,580 135 344 230 1832005 1,041,448 20,651 141,518 2,968 8,330 206,785 6,036,370 110 355 230 1732006 1,030,556 13,174 58,473 2,174 7,363 110,634 6,461,615 115 350 241 1622007 1,046,795 15,683 63,833 2,917 6,036 112,615 7,089,342 115 353 245 1682008 1,042,335 12,832 38,191 2,822 5,417 80,932 6,895,843 97 339 267R1722009R934,683R12,658R28,576R2,328R4,821R67,668R7,121,069R84R320R272R1702010P979,555 13,892 24,359 1,790 4,956 64,821 7,633,469 89 335 263 1611Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumedtoproduce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 253**T able 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,** **Selected Years, 1949-2010**(Subset of Table 8.5a)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 6 NA NA1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 5 NA NA1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 3 NA NA1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 2 NA NA1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 3 NA NA1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1 2 NA1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA (s) 2 NA1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1 2 NA1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 3 2 NA1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 2 1 NA1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 3 2 NA1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 3 2 NA1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 3 1 NA1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 2 1 NA1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 2 2 NA1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 5 4 NA1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 8 7 NA1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 5 7 NA1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 8 7 NA1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 10 8 NA198911771,551 26,036 242,708 9 517 271,340 3,023,513 7 75 126 21990 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147,289 6 106 180 (s)1991 782,653 14,255 171,629 58 974 190,810 3,216,056 6 104 217 41992 793,390 12,469 137,681 118 1,490 157,719 3,324,963 12 120 252 31993 829,851 14,559 151,407 213 2,571 179,034 3,344,239 12 129 255 31994 836,113 20,241 137,198 667 2,256 169,387 3,758,484 12 134 269 21995 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,093,773 18 106 282 21996 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,659,810 16 117 280 21997 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903,195 14 117 292 11998 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,415,813 23 125 287 21999 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,643,775 14 125 290 12000 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014,071 19 126 294 12001 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142,493 9 116 205 1092002 975,251 21,810 104,577 1,243 5,705 156,154 5,408,279 25 141 224 1372003 1,003,036 27,441 137,361 1,937 5,719 195,336 4,909,248 30 156 216 1362004 1,012,459 18,793 138,831 2,511 7,135 195,809 5,075,339 27 150 206 1312005 1,033,567 19,450 138,337 2,591 7,877 199,760 5,484,780 24 166 205 1162006 1,022,802 12,578 56,347 1,783 6,905 105,235 5,891,222 28 163 216 1172007 1,041,346 15,135 62,072 2,496 5,523 107,316 6,501,612 27 165 221 1172008 1,036,891 12,318 37,222 2,608 5,000 77,149 6,342,331 23 159 242R1222009R929,692R11,848R27,768R2,110R4,485R64,151R6,566,991R21R160R244R1152010P971,322 13,515 23,752 1,705 4,639 62,170 7,055,852 20 165 236 1151Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumedtoproduce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.•The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants withinthe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.•See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data.•See Note 1, "CoverageofElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at endofsection.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power PlantReport."•October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly PowerPlant Report."•1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "MonthlyPower Plant Report."•1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and FormEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowerPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA,Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and FormEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report."254 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type,** **Selected Years, 1989-2010**(Breakout of Table 8.5b)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu**Electricity-Only Plants**111989 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 270,125 2,790,567 – 59 111 –1990 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 1,008 201,246 2,794,110 (s) 87 162 –1995 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 108,297 3,287,571 (s) 84 262 –1996 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 118,848 2,823,724 (s) 94 258 –1997 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 136,156 3,039,227 1 91 266 –1998 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 197,137 3,543,931 1 95 263 –1999 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 181,905 3,729,175 1 105 264 –2000 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 170,799 4,092,729 2 105 267 –2001 946,068 27,695 157,090 26 1,827 193,945 4,163,930 (s) 96 179 982002 960,077 21,521 102,622 444 3,925 144,212 4,258,467 6 118 193 1172003 983,538 25,951 136,050 936 4,794 186,904 3,780,314 6 127 185 1202004 994,774 17,944 137,736 1,441 6,096 187,601 4,141,535 5 134 190 1222005 1,015,640 18,689 137,082 1,676 6,876 191,827 4,592,271 (s) 143 189 1082006 1,004,769 12,375 55,192 991 5,988 98,497 5,091,049 (s) 141 198 1072007 1,022,840 14,626 60,929 1,709 4,711 100,818 5,611,600 2 142 203 1072008 1,017,806 11,950 36,059 2,478 4,254 71,760 5,520,491 2 136 223R1122009R913,566R11,509R26,569R1,911R3,642R58,197R5,750,589 2R133R222R1052010P954,414 13,174 22,663 1,631 4,186 58,398 6,211,588 2 137 216 103**Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants**121989 4,173 462 747 6 – 1,215 232,946 7 16 16 21990 7,088 1,438 2,054 7 – 3,499 353,179 6 18 18 (s)1995 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 11,366 806,202 18 22 20 21996 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 11,320 836,086 15 24 22 21997 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 11,046 863,968 14 26 26 11998 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 12,310 871,881 21 30 24 21999 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 12,440 914,600 14 20 26 12000 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 13,147 921,341 17 21 28 12001 15,455 1,360 2,059 347 1,482 11,175 978,563 9 20 26 112002 15,174 289 1,955 800 1,780 11,942 1,149,812 20 23 30 202003 19,498 1,491 1,311 1,002 926 8,431 1,128,935 23 29 31 162004 17,685 850 1,095 1,070 1,039 8,209 933,804 22 16 16 92005 17,927 760 1,254 915 1,001 7,933 892,509 24 22 17 92006 18,033 203 1,155 792 918 6,738 800,173 27 22 18 102007 18,506 509 1,144 787 812 6,498 890,012 25 23 18 92008 19,085 368 1,162 130 746 5,389 821,839 22 23 18 102009R16,126R340 1,199R199R843R5,953R816,402R19R27R22 112010P16,908 342 1,090 74 453 3,771 844,264 17 28 20 121Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of keroseneand jet fuel.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to thepublic. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.12Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business istosell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are includedunder "Electricity-Only Plants."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.Notes:•Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumedtoproduce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.•See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data.•See Note 1, "CoverageofElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at endofsection.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowerPlant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, FormEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 255**T able 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,** **Selected Years, 1989-2010**(Subset of Table 8.5a)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu**Commercial Sector**111989 414 882 282 – – 1,165 17,987 1 2 9 –1990 417 580 372 (s) – 953 27,544 1 2 15 –1995 569 493 152 (s) 1 649 42,700 – 1 21 (s)1996 656 422 218 (s) 1 645 42,380 (s) 1 31 (s)1997 630 583 200 – 1 790 38,975 (s) 1 34 (s)1998 440 436 359 – 1 802 40,693 (s) 1 32 –1999 481 506 421 – 1 931 39,045 (s) (s) 33 (s)2000 514 505 310 1 1 823 37,029 (s) (s) 26 (s)2001 532 520 469 2 6 1,023 36,248 (s) (s) 15 72002 477 524 292 10 2 834 32,545 (s) (s) 18 112003 582 553 326 3 2 894 38,480 – (s) 19 112004 377 545 214 1 1 766 32,839 – (s) 19 112005 377 377 201 1 1 585 33,785 – (s) 20 102006 347 211 116 (s) 1 333 34,623 – (s) 21 102007 361 156 94 – 2 258 34,087 – (s) 19 102008 369 131 29 (s) 1 166 33,403 – (s) 20 112009R317 145R39 (s) 1R190R34,279 – (s)R23R132010P322 122 27 (s) 2 157 35,611 – (s) 22 13**Industrial Sector**121989 9,707 815 6,624 294 150 8,482 443,928 83 267 15 371990 10,740 1,169 6,995 412 905 13,103 516,729 104 335 16 361995 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 12,265 601,397 114 373 13 401996 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 13,813 610,268 143 394 13 351997 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 11,723 622,599 105 367 14 361998 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 12,392 624,878 102 349 13 351999 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 12,595 639,165 112 364 8 392000 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 10,459 640,381 107 369 10 452001 10,636 1,574 5,693 479 557 10,530 653,565 88 370 7 442002 11,855 952 4,366 640 1,130 11,608 685,239 106 464 15 432003 10,440 1,678 4,831 1,006 582 10,424 668,407 127 362 13 462004 7,687 825 3,043 344 541 6,919 566,401 108 194 5 412005 7,504 824 2,980 377 452 6,440 517,805 85 189 5 462006 7,408 385 2,010 391 456 5,066 535,770 87 187 3 352007 5,089 392 1,666 421 512 5,041 553,643 88 188 4 412008 5,075 383 941 214 416 3,617 520,109 73 179 5 392009R4,674R664R769R218R335R3,328R519,799R62R160 4R422010P7,911 255 579 84 315 2,494 542,006 69 169 5 331Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.12Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.Notes:•Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity.•See Tables 8.5b and 8.5c for electricpower sector electricity-only and CHP data.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note2,"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."Figure 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Outputat Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2010CoalNatural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste256 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.Electric PowerIndustrial1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 20100200400600800

Billion Cubic FeetIndustrialCommercialCommercial1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 201005101520

Million Short TonsElectricPowerIndustrialCommercialElectricPowerIndustrialElectric Power and Commercial1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010051015202530

Million Barrels1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 201003006009001,200

Trillion BtuU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 257**T able 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output** **at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010**(Sum of Tables 8.6b and 8.6c)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu1989 16,510 1,410 16,357 353 247 19,357 563,307 116 683 38 491990 19,081 2,050 18,428 895 918 25,965 654,749 176 813 46 501991 18,458 3,027 15,293 835 777 23,039 663,963 185 779 46 551992 19,372 2,358 16,474 935 862 24,077 717,860 200 822 51 521993 19,750 2,449 17,933 857 1,031 26,394 733,584 178 836 56 511994 20,609 2,811 18,822 609 1,137 27,929 784,015 180 903 57 531995 20,418 2,082 16,661 642 1,235 25,562 834,382 181 902 59 551996 20,806 2,192 18,552 756 1,275 27,873 865,774 187 876 69 541997 21,005 2,584 15,882 289 2,009 28,802 868,569 188 913 68 671998 20,320 4,944 16,539 681 1,336 28,845 949,106 209 875 72 581999 20,373 4,665 14,133 838 1,437 26,822 982,958 224 862 68 602000 20,466 2,897 13,292 1,455 924 22,266 985,263 230 884 71 632001 18,944 2,574 11,826 563 661 18,268 898,286 166 696 35 692002 17,561 1,462 9,402 1,363 517 14,811 860,019 147 682 32 602003 17,720 2,153 10,341 1,629 763 17,939 721,267 138 746 44 692004 24,275 3,357 15,390 1,908 1,043 25,870 1,052,100 218 1,016 51 702005 23,833 3,795 15,397 1,302 783 24,408 984,340 238 997 59 642006 23,227 1,481 11,373 1,222 1,259 20,371 942,817 226 1,049 60 752007 22,810 1,359 10,783 1,320 1,262 19,775 872,579 214 982 59 712008 22,168 1,305 5,285 943 897 12,016 793,537 203 924 61 392009R20,507R2,142R5,097R890R1,007R13,161R816,787R176R816R61R582010P21,400 1,374 3,868 624 747 9,599 826,876 172 897 58 251Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuelsconsumed to produce electricity.•Estimates do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power(CHP) plants.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.•See "Useful ThermalOutput" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.258 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output** **at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010**(Subset of Table 8.6a)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu1989 639 120 1,471 1 – 1,591 81,670 3 24 6 11990 1,266 173 1,630 2 – 1,805 97,330 5 23 8 (s)1991 1,221 104 995 1 – 1,101 99,868 5 21 11 11992 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 1,229 122,908 6 21 10 21993 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 1,591 128,743 4 21 10 21994 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 1,791 144,062 6 18 12 11995 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 2,784 142,753 5 19 15 (s)1996 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 2,424 147,091 5 20 21 (s)1997 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 2,466 161,608 10 20 17 (s)1998 2,493 134 653 19 103 1,322 172,471 6 12 20 (s)1999 3,033 183 572 30 128 1,423 175,757 4 13 25 (s)2000 3,107 294 467 51 120 1,412 192,253 7 8 24 (s)2001 2,910 219 355 3 119 1,171 199,808 6 10 5 42002 2,255 66 197 23 111 841 263,619 7 10 6 62003 2,080 190 919 88 80 1,596 225,967 12 11 14 42004 3,809 314 985 202 237 2,688 388,424 31 15 17 72005 3,918 225 1,072 95 206 2,424 384,365 60 19 15 72006 3,834 69 998 87 195 2,129 330,878 37 19 14 82007 3,795 192 1,014 98 162 2,114 339,796 34 21 16 82008 3,689 230 1,019 62 119 1,907 326,048 38 18 16 82009R3,935R187 1,015R100R126R1,930R305,542 34R20R17 82010P4,266 135 944 49 119 1,721 321,851 32 23 16 91Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.Notes:•Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuelsconsumed to produce electricity.•Estimates are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within theNAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Estimates do notinclude electric utility CHP plants.•See Table 8.6c for commercial and industrial CHP data.•See Note1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"at end of section.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report."U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 259**T able 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power** **Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010**(Subset of Table 8.6a)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu**Commercial Sector**111989 711 202 601 – – 803 12,049 (s) (s) 13 –1990 773 389 715 (s) – 1,104 18,913 (s) (s) 13 –1995 850 319 261 (s) 3 596 34,964 – (s) 19 (s)1996 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 601 40,075R– 1 22 (s)1997 1,108 470 309 – 3 794 47,941 (s) 1 24 –1998 1,002 418 573 – 3 1,006 46,527 (s) 1 22 –1999 1,009 254 412 – 3 682 44,991R– 1 21 –2000 1,034 403 366 2 4 792 47,844R– 1 21 –2001 916 505 304 – – 809 42,407 – 1 10 72002 929 248 108 28 6 416 41,430 – 1 8 62003 1,234 119 381 12 9 555 19,973 – 1 10 82004 1,540 570 613 20 8 1,243 39,233 – 1 15 112005 1,544 417 587 (s) 8 1,045 34,172 – 1 14 102006 1,539 155 404 – 9 601 33,112 (s) 1 16 102007 1,566 101 340 – 11 494 35,987 – 2 12 72008 1,652 287 173 – 9 504 32,813 – 1 14 102009R1,481R120R173 – 8R331R41,275 – 1R13 92010P1,465 122 125 – 11 300 39,768 – 1 12 8**Industrial Sector**121989 15,160 1,088 14,285 352 247 16,963 469,588 113 659 19 481990 17,041 1,488 16,084 893 918 23,056 538,506 171 790 25 501995 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 22,182 656,665 175 882 25 551996 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 24,848 678,608 182 855 26 531997 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 25,541 659,021 178 892 27 671998 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 26,518 730,108 202 862 29 581999 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 24,718 762,210 219 849 23 602000 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 20,062 745,165 223 875 25 632001 15,119 1,850 11,167 560 542 16,287 656,071 160 685 20 582002 14,377 1,149 9,097 1,312 399 13,555 554,970 139 672 18 482003 14,406 1,844 9,041 1,529 675 15,788 475,327 126 735 21 572004 18,926 2,473 13,791 1,686 798 21,939 624,443 187 1,000 19 532005 18,371 3,153 13,738 1,207 568 20,940 565,803 179 977 30 482006 17,854 1,258 9,971 1,136 1,055 17,640 578,828 190 1,029 30 572007 17,449 1,066 9,429 1,222 1,090 17,166 496,796 180 959 31 572008 16,827 788 4,093 882 769 9,605 434,676 165 905 31 222009R15,091R1,835R3,909R790R873R10,900R469,970R142R796R31R412010P15,670 1,117 2,798 574 617 7,577 465,257 140 873 31 81Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.12Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.Notes:•Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuelsconsumed to produce electricity.•See Table 8.6b for electric power sector CHP data.•See Note1,"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"atend of section.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report."Figure 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output,1989-2010CoalNatural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste260 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010TotalSources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 20100.00.30.60.91.2

Billion Short TonsTotal1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 20100246810

Trillion Cubic FeetElectricityGenerationUseful Thermal OutputElectricityGenerationUseful Thermal Output1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010050100150200250300350

Million Barrels1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion BtuTotalTotalElectricityGenerationUseful Thermal OutputElectricityGenerationUseful Thermal OutputU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 261**T able 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:** **Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010**(Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu1989 798,181 29,143 265,970 656 915 300,342 4,048,736 206 1,028 189 881990 811,538 20,194 209,081 1,332 2,832 244,765 4,346,311 288 1,256 257 861991 812,124 19,590 193,073 1,215 2,566 226,708 4,428,742 311 1,204 292 1141992 824,512 16,852 160,941 1,695 3,366 196,318 4,617,578 341 1,303 333 921993 861,904 19,293 176,992 1,571 4,200 218,855 4,662,236 314 1,321 344 851994 869,405 25,177 164,047 1,539 4,157 211,547 5,151,163 316 1,401 357 921995 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572,253 313 1,382 374 971996 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178,232 346 1,389 392 911997 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 5,433,338 307 1,397 407 1031998 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030,490 334 1,349 404 951999 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,304,942 350 1,352 400 1012000 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,676,744 356 1,380 401 1092001 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,730,591 263 1,182 263 2292002 1,005,144 24,748 118,637 3,257 7,353 183,408 6,986,081 278 1,287 289 2522003 1,031,778 31,825 152,859 4,576 7,067 224,593 6,337,402 294 1,266 293 2622004 1,044,798 23,520 157,478 4,764 8,721 229,364 6,726,679 353 1,360 282 2542005 1,065,281 24,446 156,915 4,270 9,113 231,193 7,020,709 348 1,353 289 2372006 1,053,783 14,655 69,846 3,396 8,622 131,005 7,404,432 341 1,399 300 2372007 1,069,606 17,042 74,616 4,237 7,299 132,389 7,961,922 329 1,336 304 2392008 1,064,503 14,137 43,477 3,765 6,314 92,948 7,689,380 300 1,263 328R2122009R955,190R14,800R33,672R3,218R5,828R80,830R7,937,856R259R1,137R333R2282010P1,000,956 15,265 28,227 2,414 5,703 74,420 8,460,344 261 1,232 321 1861Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of keroseneand jet fuel.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.•See "Useful ThermalOutput" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.262 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:** **Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010**(Subset of Table 8.7a)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu1989 772,190 26,156 244,179 10 517 272,931 3,105,183 9 100 132 31990 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,244,619 11 129 188 (s)1991 783,874 14,359 172,625 59 974 191,911 3,315,925 11 126 229 41992 795,094 12,623 138,726 128 1,494 158,948 3,447,871 18 140 262 51993 831,645 14,849 152,481 239 2,611 180,625 3,472,982 16 150 265 51994 838,354 20,612 138,222 771 2,315 171,178 3,902,546 19 152 282 31995 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,236,526 24 125 296 21996 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,806,901 20 138 300 21997 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,064,803 24 137 309 11998 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588,284 29 137 308 21999 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,819,531 19 138 315 12000 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206,324 25 134 318 12001 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342,301 15 126 211 1132002 977,507 21,876 104,773 1,267 5,816 156,995 5,671,897 33 150 230 1432003 1,005,116 27,632 138,279 2,026 5,799 196,932 5,135,215 41 167 230 1402004 1,016,268 19,107 139,816 2,713 7,372 198,498 5,463,763 58 165 223 1382005 1,037,485 19,675 139,409 2,685 8,083 202,184 5,869,145 84 185 221 1232006 1,026,636 12,646 57,345 1,870 7,101 107,365 6,222,100 65 182 231 1252007 1,045,141 15,327 63,086 2,594 5,685 109,431 6,841,408 61 186 237 1242008 1,040,580 12,547 38,241 2,670 5,119 79,056 6,668,379 61 177 258R1312009R933,627R12,035R28,782R2,210R4,611R66,081R6,872,533R55R180R261R1242010P975,588 13,650 24,696 1,755 4,758 63,891 7,377,703 52 189 252 1241Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of keroseneand jet fuel.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5.Notes:•The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat,tothe public.•See Table 8.7c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data.•See Note1,"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"atend of section.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowerPlant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, FormEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 263**T able 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:** **Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010**(Subset of Table 8.7a)**Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Natural Gas** 6**Other Gases**7**Biomass Other** 10**Distillate Fuel Oil**2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5**Wood**8**Waste**9ThousandShort TonsThousand BarrelsThousandShort TonsThousandBarrelsMillionCubic FeetTrillionBtuTrillion BtuTrillionBtu**Commercial Sector**111989 1,125 1,085 883 – – 1,967 30,037 1 2 22 –1990 1,191 969 1,087 (s) – 2,056 46,458 1 2 28 –1995 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 1,245 77,664 – 1 40 (s)1996 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 1,246 82,455 (s) 2 53 (s)1997 1,738 1,053 509 – 4 1,584 86,915 (s) 2 58 (s)1998 1,443 854 932 – 4 1,807 87,220 (s) 2 54 –1999 1,490 759 834 – 4 1,613 84,037 (s) 1 54 (s)2000 1,547 908 676 3 6 1,615 84,874 (s) 1 47 (s)2001 1,448 1,026 773 2 6 1,832 78,655 (s) 1 25 152002 1,405 771 400 38 8 1,250 73,975 (s) 1 26 172003 1,816 671 708 16 11 1,449 58,453 – 1 29 182004 1,917 1,115 827 21 9 2,009 72,072 – 2 34 212005 1,922 794 789 1 9 1,630 67,957 – 1 34 202006 1,886 366 520 (s) 10 935 67,735 (s) 1 36 212007 1,927 257 434 – 12 752 70,074 – 2 31 172008 2,021 418 202 (s) 10 671 66,216 – 1 34 212009R1,798R266R212 (s) 9R521R75,555 – 1R36R222010P1,787 244 153 (s) 12 458 75,379 – 1 34 21**Industrial Sector**121989 24,867 1,903 20,909 646 397 25,444 913,516 195 926 35 851990 27,781 2,657 23,079 1,305 1,824 36,159 1,055,235 275 1,125 41 861995 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 34,448 1,258,063 290 1,255 38 951996 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 38,661 1,288,876 325 1,249 39 891997 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 37,265 1,281,620 283 1,259 41 1021998 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 38,910 1,354,986 305 1,211 42 931999 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 37,312 1,401,374 331 1,213 31 992000 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 30,520 1,385,546 331 1,244 35 1082001 25,755 3,424 16,860 1,039 1,099 26,817 1,309,636 248 1,054 27 1012002 26,232 2,101 13,463 1,953 1,529 25,163 1,240,209 245 1,136 34 922003 24,846 3,522 13,872 2,535 1,257 26,212 1,143,734 253 1,097 34 1032004 26,613 3,298 16,835 2,030 1,339 28,857 1,190,844 295 1,193 24 942005 25,875 3,977 16,718 1,583 1,020 27,380 1,083,607 264 1,166 34 942006 25,262 1,643 11,981 1,526 1,511 22,706 1,114,597 277 1,216 33 922007 22,537 1,458 11,096 1,643 1,602 22,207 1,050,439 268 1,148 36 982008 21,902 1,171 5,034 1,095 1,184 13,222 954,785 239 1,084 35 602009R19,766R2,499R4,678R1,008R1,209R14,228R989,769R204R955R35R822010P23,581 1,372 3,378 659 933 10,071 1,007,263 209 1,042 35 411Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.4Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).10Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).11Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.12Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.Notes:•See Table 8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data.•See Note1,"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"atend of section.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, FormEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."Figure 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power SectorCoal, 1949-2010 Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2010Petroleum, 1949-2010 Petroleum Products, 2010264 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.2Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.3Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per shortton.4Jet fuel and kerosene.Note: Stocks are at end of year.Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010050100150200

Million Short Tons1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201001234

Quadrillion BtuPetroleumCoalLiquids41950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010050100150

Million Barrels171752Distillate Residual Petroleum Other05101520

Million BarrelsCoke3Fuel Oil2Fuel Oil1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 265**T able 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Coal** 1**Petroleum Distillate Fuel Oil** 2**Residual Fuel Oil**3**Other Liquids**4**Petroleum Coke**5**Total**5,6Thousand Short TonsThousand BarrelsThousand Short TonsThousand Barrels1949 22,054 NA NA NA NA 8,6041950 31,842 NA NA NA NA 10,2011955 41,391 NA NA NA NA 13,6711960 51,735 NA NA NA NA 19,5721965 54,525 NA NA NA NA 25,6471970 71,908 NA NA NA 239 39,1511975 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 125,4131976 117,436 14,703 106,993 NA 32 121,8571977 133,219 19,281 124,750 NA 44 144,2521978 128,225 16,386 102,402 NA 198 119,7781979 159,714 20,301 111,121 NA 183 132,3381980 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 135,6351981 168,893 26,094 102,042 NA 42 128,3451982 181,132 23,369 95,515 NA 41 119,0901983 155,598 18,801 70,573 NA 55 89,6521984 179,727 19,116 68,503 NA 50 87,8701985 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 73,9331986 161,806 16,269 56,841 NA 40 73,3131987 170,797 15,759 55,069 NA 51 71,0841988 146,507 15,099 54,187 NA 86 69,7141989 135,860 13,824 47,446 NA 105 61,7951990 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 83,9701991 157,876 16,357 58,636 NA 70 75,3431992 154,130 15,714 56,135 NA 67 72,1831993 111,341 15,674 46,770 NA 89 62,8901994 126,897 16,644 46,344 NA 69 63,3331995 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 50,8211996 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 48,1461997 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 51,1381998 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 56,59119997141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 54,1092000 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 40,9322001 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 57,0312002 141,714 17,413 25,723 800 1,711 52,4902003 121,567 19,153 25,820 779 1,484 53,1702004 106,669 19,275 26,596 879 937 51,4342005 101,137 18,778 27,624 1,012 530 50,0622006 140,964 18,013 28,823 1,380 674 51,5832007 151,221 18,395 24,136 1,902 554 47,2032008 161,589 17,761 21,088 1,955 739 44,4982009R189,467R17,886R19,068R2,257R1,394R46,1812010P175,160 17,052 16,702 2,371 1,087 41,5631Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.2Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocksof petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.3Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.4Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil.5Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.6Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginningin 2002, also includes other liquids.7Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Notes:•Stocks are at end of year.•The electric power sector comprises electricity-only andcombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sellelectricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power PlantReport."•October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly PowerPlant Report."•1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "MonthlyPower Plant Report."•1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and FormEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowerPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility."•2001-2003—EIA,Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."•2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and FormEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."•2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power PlantOperations Report."Figure 8.9 Electricity End UseOverview, 1989-2010 Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2010Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2010266 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Retail Sales1Total End Use1Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in1996, other energy service providers.2Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity thatconsumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) usedin direct support of a service or industrialprocess located within the same facility orgroup of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.Source: Table 8.9.1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009012345

Trillion Kilowatthours1.451.330.960.01Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation0.00.51.01.52.0

Trillion KilowatthoursDirect Use2TransportationCommercialIndustrialResidential1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100.00.51.01.5

Trillion KilowatthoursU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 267**T able 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Billion Kilowatthours)**Year Retail Sales** 1**Direct Use**6**Total End Use**7**Discontinued Retail Sales Series Residential** **Commercial**2**Industrial**3**Transportation**4**Total Retail Sales**5**Commercial (Old)**8**Other (Old)**91949 67E59 123E6 255 NA 25545 201950 72E66 146E7 291 NA 29151 221955 128E103 260E6 497 NA 49779 291960 201E159 324E3 688 NA 688131 321965 291E231 429E3 954 NA 954200 341970 466E352 571E3 1,392 NA 1,392307 481975 588E468 688E3 1,747 NA 1,747403 681976 606E492 754E3 1,855 NA 1,855425 701977 645E514 786E3 1,948 NA 1,948447 711978 674E531 809E3 2,018 NA 2,018461 731979 683 543 842 3 2,071 NA 2,071473 731980 717 559 815 3 2,094 NA 2,094488 741981 722 596 826 3 2,147 NA 2,147514 851982 730 609 745 3 2,086 NA 2,086526 861983 751 620 776 4 2,151 NA 2,151544 801984 780 664 838 4 2,286 NA 2,286583 851985 794 689 837 4 2,324 NA 2,324606 871986 819 715 831 4 2,369 NA 2,369631 891987 850 744 858 5 2,457 NA 2,457660 881988 893 784 896 5 2,578 NA 2,578699 901989 906 811 926 5 2,647 109 2,756726 901990 924 838 946 5 2,713 125 2,837751 921991 955 855 947 5 2,762 124 2,886766 941992 936 850 973 5 2,763 134 2,897761 931993 995 885 977 5 2,861 139 3,001795 951994 1,008 913 1,008 5 2,935 146 3,081820 981995 1,043 953 1,013 5 3,013 151 3,164863 951996 1,083 980 1,034 5 3,101 153 3,254887 981997 1,076 1,027 1,038 5 3,146 156 3,302929 1031998 1,130 1,078 1,051 5 3,264 161 3,425979 1041999 1,145 1,104 1,058 5 3,312 172 3,4841,002 1072000 1,192 1,159 1,064 5 3,421 171 3,5921,055 1092001 1,202 1,191 997 6 3,394 163 3,5571,083 1132002 1,265 1,205 990 6 3,465 166 3,6321,104 1062003 1,276 1,199 1,012 7 3,494 168 3,662– – – –2004 1,292 1,230 1,018 7 3,547 168 3,716– – – –2005 1,359 1,275 1,019 8 3,661 150 3,811– – – –2006 1,352 1,300 1,011 7 3,670 147 3,817– – – –2007 1,392 1,336 1,028 8 3,765R126R3,890– – – –2008 1,380 1,336 1,009 8 3,733R132R3,865– – – –2009R1,364R1,307R917 8R3,597R127R3,724– – – –2010P1,451 1,329 962 8 3,750E134 3,884– – – –1Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.2Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and othersales to public authorities.3Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includesagriculture and irrigation.4Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.5The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."6Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes thepower or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.7The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."8"Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial sector, excluding publicstreet and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.9"Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway lighting,interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportationincluding railroads and railways.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:**Residential**and**Industrial:**•1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, FormFPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income."•October 1977-February1980—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of ElectricOperating Revenue and Income."•March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility CompanyMonthly Statement."•1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric UtilityCompany Monthly Statement."•1984-1995—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report."•1996forward—EIA,Electric Power Monthly (EPM)(March 2011), Table 5.1.**Commercia l:** •1949-2002—Estimated by EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the non-transportation portionof"Other (Old)." See estimation methodology at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.•2003 forward—EIA, EPM (March 2011), Table 5.1.**Transportation:**•1949-2002—Estimated by EIAas the transportation portion of "Other (Old)." See estimation methodologyathttp://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.•2003 forward—EIA, EPM (March 2011),Table 5.1.**Direct Use:**•1989-1996—EIA, Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1997-2009—EIA,Electric Power Annual 2009(January 2011), Table 7.2.•2010—Estimate based onthe 2009 value adjusted by the percentage change in commercial and industrial net generation on Table8.1.**Commercial (Old)**and**Other (Old):**•1949-2002—See sources for "Residential" and "Industrial."Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of ElectricityTotal, 1960-2010 By Sector, 2010By Sector, Nominal2 Prices, 1960-2010 By Sector, Real1Prices, 1960-2010268 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.2See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.3Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities,agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.Note: Taxes are included.Source: Table 8.10.10.469.276.149.9011.5810.266.7910.96Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation02468101214

Cents per KilowatthourNominal2Real1Real11960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010024681012

Cents per KilowatthourNominal2ResidentialIndustrialOther3CommercialResidentialOther3IndustrialCommercialTransportationTransportation1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010024681012

Cents per Kilowatthour1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010051015

Chained (2005) Cents per KilowatthourU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 269**T able 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2010** (Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)**Year Residential** **Commercial**1**Industrial**2**Transportation**3**Other**4**Total Nominal** 5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**6**Nominal**5**Real**61960 2.6 14.0 2.4 12.9 1.1 5.9 NA NA 1.9 10.2 1.8 9.71965 2.4 12.1 2.2 11.0 1.0 5.0 NA NA 1.8 9.0 1.7 8.51966 2.3 11.2 2.1 10.3 1.0 4.9 NA NA 1.8 8.8 1.7 8.31967 2.3 10.9 2.1 10.0 1.0 4.7 NA NA 1.8 8.5 1.7 8.11968 2.3 10.5 2.1 9.5 1.0 4.5 NA NA 1.8 8.2 1.6 7.31969 2.2 9.5 2.1 9.1 1.0 4.3 NA NA 1.7 7.4 1.6 6.91970 2.2 9.1 2.1 8.6 1.0 4.1 NA NA 1.8 7.4 1.7 7.01971 2.3 9.0 2.2 8.6 1.1 4.3 NA NA 1.9 7.4 1.8 7.11972 2.4 9.0 2.3 8.6 1.2 4.5 NA NA 2.0 7.5 1.9 7.11973 2.5 8.9 2.4 8.5 1.3 4.6 NA NA 2.1 7.5 2.0 7.11974 3.1 10.1 3.0 9.8 1.7 5.5 NA NA 2.8 9.1 2.5 8.21975 3.5 10.4 3.5 10.4 2.1 6.3 NA NA 3.1 9.2 2.9 8.61976 3.7 10.4 3.7 10.4 2.2 6.2 NA NA 3.3 9.3 3.1 8.71977 4.1 10.9 4.1 10.9 2.5 6.6 NA NA 3.5 9.3 3.4 9.01978 4.3 10.6 4.4 10.9 2.8 6.9 NA NA 3.6 8.9 3.7 9.21979 4.6 10.5 4.7 10.7 3.1 7.1 NA NA 4.0 9.1 4.0 9.11980 5.4 11.3 5.5 11.5 3.7 7.8 NA NA 4.8 10.1 4.7 9.81981 6.2 11.9 6.3 12.1 4.3 8.2 NA NA 5.3 10.2 5.5 10.51982 6.9 12.5 6.9 12.5 5.0 9.0 NA NA 5.9 10.7 6.1 11.01983 7.2 12.5 7.0 12.2 5.0 8.7 NA NA 6.4 11.1 6.3 10.91984 7.15 11.96 7.13 11.93 4.83 8.08 NA NA 5.90 9.87 6.25 10.461985 7.39 12.00 7.27 11.81 4.97 8.07 NA NA 6.09 9.89 6.44 10.461986 7.42 11.79 7.20 11.44 4.93 7.83 NA NA 6.11 9.71 6.44 10.231987 7.45 11.50 7.08 10.93 4.77 7.37 NA NA 6.21 9.59 6.37 9.841988 7.48 11.17 7.04 10.51 4.70 7.02 NA NA 6.20 9.26 6.35 9.481989 7.65 11.00 7.20 10.36 4.72 6.79 NA NA 6.25 8.99 6.45 9.281990 7.83 10.84 7.34 10.17 4.74 6.57 NA NA 6.40 8.86 6.57 9.101991 8.04 10.75 7.53 10.07 4.83 6.46 NA NA 6.51 8.71 6.75 9.031992 8.21 10.73 7.66 10.01 4.83 6.31 NA NA 6.74 8.81 6.82 8.911993 8.32 10.64 7.74 9.89 4.85 6.20 NA NA 6.88 8.80 6.93 8.861994 8.38 10.49 7.73 9.68 4.77 5.97 NA NA 6.84 8.56 6.91 8.651995 8.40 10.30 7.69 9.43 4.66 5.72 NA NA 6.88 8.44 6.89 8.451996 8.36 10.06 7.64 9.20 4.60 5.54 NA NA 6.91 8.32 6.86 8.261997 8.43 9.97 7.59 8.98 4.53 5.36 NA NA 6.91 8.17 6.85 8.101998 8.26 9.66 7.41 8.67 4.48 5.24 NA NA 6.63 7.75 6.74 7.881999 8.16 9.40 7.26 8.37 4.43 5.11 NA NA 6.35 7.32 6.64 7.652000 8.24 9.30 7.43 8.38 4.64 5.23 NA NA 6.56 7.40 6.81 7.682001 8.58 9.46 7.92 8.74 5.05 5.57 NA NA 7.20 7.94 7.29 8.042002 8.44 9.16 7.89 8.57 4.88 5.30 NA NA 6.75 7.33 7.20 7.822003 8.72 9.27 8.03 8.53 5.11 5.43 7.54 8.01 – – – – 7.44 7.912004 8.95 9.25 8.17 8.44 5.25 5.43 7.18 7.42 – – – – 7.61 7.862005 9.45 9.45 8.67 8.67 5.73 5.73 8.57 8.57 – – – – 8.14 8.142006 10.40 10.07 9.46 9.16 6.16 5.97 9.54 9.24 – – – – 8.90 8.622007 10.65R10.02 9.65R9.08 6.39R6.01 9.70 9.13 – – – – 9.13R8.592008 11.26R10.37 10.36R9.54 6.83R6.29 10.74R9.89 – – – – 9.74R8.972009R11.51R10.50R10.17R9.28R6.81R6.21R10.65R9.72 – – – –R9.82R8.962010P11.58 10.46 10.26 9.27 6.79 6.14 10.96 9.90 – – – – 9.88 8.931Commercial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.2Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.3Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.4Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agricultureand irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.5See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.6In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Notes:•Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and thecategories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined.•Data represent revenue from electricityretail sales divided by electricity retail sales.•Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demandcharges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and othermiscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not includedeferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, fromprevious reporting periods.•Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilitiesonly. (Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or more; Class B utilities are thosewith between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For 1980-1982, data are for selected Class A utilities whoseelectric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are foraselected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census of electric utilities. Beginningin 1996, data also include energy service providers selling to retail customers.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1960.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5, "Monthly StatementofElectric Operating Revenues and Income."•October 1977-February 1980—Federal Energy RegulatoryCommission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income."•March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."•1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company MonthlyStatement."•1984-1995—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report."•1996 forward—EIA,Electric Power Monthly(March 2011), Table 5.3.Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)Total, 1949-2010 By Major Category, 2010By Source, 2010270 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Total1Conventional and pumped storage.2Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossilfuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneoustechnologies.Source: Table 8.11a.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201002004006008001,0001,200

Million KilowattsElectric Power78413110122Fossil Renewable Nuclear Hydroelectric0300600900

Million KilowattsNuclear Electric PowerFuelsFossil FuelsRenewableEnergyEnergy Pumped StorageElectricPower406319101 101573874213Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro- Petroleum Wind Wood Waste Geothermal Solar/PV Other20100200300400500

Million KilowattselectricPower1Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by SectorTotal (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2010 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2010Commercial Sector, 2010 Industrial Sector, 2010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 2711Conventional hydroelectric power, solar/PV, wood, wind, blast furnace gas, propane gas,and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.2Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels3Conventional hydroelectric power.4Solar/PV, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.(s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 201002505007501,0001,250

Million Kilowatts1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 201003006009001,200

Million KilowattsElectric Power SectorTotal (All Sectors)Commercial and IndustrialElectricity-Only PlantsCombined-Heat-and-Power Plants1.20.50.40.3(s)Natural Waste Coal Petroleum Other10.00.40.81.21.6

Million Kilowatts14.75.04.01.80.70.30.10.8Natural Wood Coal Other Petro- Hydro- Waste Other0481216

Million KilowattselectricPower3GasGas Gases2 leum4272 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage Renewable Energy** **Other**9**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 5**Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 8**Wind Total** **Wood**6**Waste**71949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.05( ) 18.5 (s)10( ) NA NA NA 18.5 NA 63.41950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .05( ) 19.2 (s)10( ) NA NA NA 19.2 NA 69.21955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .05( ) 27.4 (s)10( ) NA NA NA 27.4 NA 114.21960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .45( ) 35.8 .110( ) (s) NA NA 35.9 NA 167.11965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .85( ) 51.0 .110( ) (s) NA NA 51.1 NA 234.81970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.05( ) 63.8 .110( ) .1 NA NA 63.9 NA 336.41975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.35( ) 78.4 .110( ) .5 NA NA 79.0 NA 491.31976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.85( ) 78.0 .110( ) .5 NA NA 78.6 NA 517.21977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.35( ) 78.6 .110( ) .5 NA NA 79.2 NA 535.91978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.85( ) 79.9 .110( ) .5 NA NA 80.5 NA 552.11979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.75( ) 82.9 .110( ) .7 NA NA 83.6 NA 565.51980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.85( ) 81.7 .110( ) .9 NA NA 82.7 NA 578.61981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.05( ) 82.4 .110( ) .9 NA (s) 83.4 NA 598.31982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.05( ) 83.0 .110( ) 1.0 NA (s) 84.1 NA 613.71983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.05( ) 83.9 .210( ) 1.2 NA (s) 85.3 NA 621.11984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.75( ) 85.3 .310( ) 1.211( ) (s) 86.9 NA 635.11985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.45( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.611( ) (s) 90.8 NA 655.21986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.25( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.611( ) (s) 91.2 NA 664.81987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.65( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.511( ) (s) 91.7 NA 674.11988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.75( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.711( ) (s) 92.4 NA 677.7198912303.1 79.1 135.7 1.5 519.4 98.2 18.1 74.1 5.2 2.1 2.6 .2 1.5 85.7 .5 721.81990 307.4 77.9 140.8 1.6 527.8 99.6 19.5 73.9 5.5 2.5 2.7 .3 1.8 86.8 .5 734.11991 307.4 74.2 147.6 2.1 531.4 99.6 18.4 76.0 6.1 2.9 2.6 .3 1.9 89.9 .5 739.91992 309.4 73.1 152.2 2.1 536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 6.2 3.0 2.9 .3 1.8 89.1 .5 746.51993 310.1 71.1 158.6 1.9 541.8 99.0 21.1 77.4 6.5 3.1 2.9 .3 1.8 92.1 .5 754.61994 311.4 71.7 164.8 2.1 550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 6.7 3.3 3.0 .3 1.7 93.1 .5 764.01995 311.4 66.6 174.5 1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 6.7 3.5 3.0 .3 1.7 93.9 .5 769.51996 313.4 72.5 174.1 1.7 561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 6.8 3.6 2.9 .3 1.7 91.7 .5 775.91997 313.6 72.5 176.5 1.5 564.1 99.7 19.3 79.4 6.9 3.6 2.9 .3 1.6 94.8 .8 778.61998 315.8 66.3 180.3 1.5 563.9 97.1 19.5 79.2 6.8 3.7 2.9 .3 1.7 94.6 .8 775.91999 315.5 60.1 195.1 1.9 572.6 97.4 19.6 79.4 6.8 3.7 2.8 .4 2.3 95.3 1.0 785.92000 315.1 61.8 219.6 2.3 598.9 97.9 19.5 79.4 6.1 3.9 2.8 .4 2.4 94.9 .5 811.72001 314.2 66.2 252.8 1.7 634.9 98.2 19.7 78.9 5.9 3.7 2.2 .4 3.9 95.0 .5 848.32002 315.4 59.7 312.5 2.0 689.5 98.7 20.4 79.4 5.8 3.8 2.3 .4 4.4 96.1 .7 905.32003 313.0 60.7 355.4 2.0 731.2 99.2 20.5 78.7 5.9 3.8 2.1 .4 6.0 96.8 .7 948.42004 313.0 59.1 371.0 2.3 745.4 99.6 20.8 77.6 6.2 3.5 2.2 .4 6.5 96.4 .7 962.92005 313.4 58.5 383.1 2.1 757.1 100.0 21.3 77.5 6.2 3.6 2.3 .4 8.7 98.7 .9 978.02006 313.0 58.1 388.3 2.3 761.6 100.3 21.5 77.8 6.4 3.7 2.3 .4 11.3 101.9 .9 986.22007 312.7 56.1 392.9 2.3 764.0 100.3 21.9 77.9 6.7 4.1 2.2 .5 16.5 108.0 .8 994.92008 313.3 57.4R397.5 2.0 770.2 100.8 21.9 77.9 6.9 4.2R2.2 .5 24.7 116.4 .9 1,010.22009R314.3R56.8R401.3R1.9R774.3R101.0R22.2R78.5 6.9R4.3 2.4 .6R34.3R127.1 .9R1,025.42010P319.4 56.7 406.1 2.0 784.2 101.0 22.5 78.5 7.0 4.4 2.4 .9 37.6 130.7 .8 1,039.21Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."6Wood and wood-derived fuels.7Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.9Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.10Included in "Wood."11Included in "Wind."12Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Notes:•Data are at end of year.•For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assignedto the energy source reported as the predominant one.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics,"atend of section.•See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 273**T able 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage Renewable Energy** **Other**9**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** 5**Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 8**Wind Total** **Wood**6**Waste**71949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.05( ) 18.5 (s)10( ) NA NA NA 18.5 NA 63.41950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .05( ) 19.2 (s)10( ) NA NA NA 19.2 NA 69.21955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .05( ) 27.4 (s)10( ) NA NA NA 27.4 NA 114.21960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .45( ) 35.8 .110( ) (s) NA NA 35.9 NA 167.11965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .85( ) 51.0 .110( ) (s) NA NA 51.1 NA 234.81970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.05( ) 63.8 .110( ) .1 NA NA 63.9 NA 336.41975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.35( ) 78.4 .110( ) .5 NA NA 79.0 NA 491.31976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.85( ) 78.0 .110( ) .5 NA NA 78.6 NA 517.21977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.35( ) 78.6 .110( ) .5 NA NA 79.2 NA 535.91978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.85( ) 79.9 .110( ) .5 NA NA 80.5 NA 552.11979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.75( ) 82.9 .110( ) .7 NA NA 83.6 NA 565.51980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.85( ) 81.7 .110( ) .9 NA NA 82.7 NA 578.61981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.05( ) 82.4 .110( ) .9 NA (s) 83.4 NA 598.31982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.05( ) 83.0 .110( ) 1.0 NA (s) 84.1 NA 613.71983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.05( ) 83.9 .210( ) 1.2 NA (s) 85.3 NA 621.11984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.75( ) 85.3 .310( ) 1.211( ) (s) 86.9 NA 635.11985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.45( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.611( ) (s) 90.8 NA 655.21986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.25( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.611( ) (s) 91.2 NA 664.81987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.65( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.511( ) (s) 91.7 NA 674.11988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.75( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.711( ) (s) 92.4 NA 677.7198912298.0 78.1 125.4 .4 501.9 98.2 18.1 73.6 1.1 1.7 2.6 .2 1.5 80.7 – 698.81990 302.3 76.8 129.9 .4 509.3 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.2 2.1 2.7 .3 1.8 81.4 (s) 709.91991 302.5 73.0 137.1 .7 513.3 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.3 2.5 2.6 .3 1.9 84.0 – 715.31992 304.3 71.8 141.0 .7 517.9 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.4 2.5 2.9 .3 1.8 83.1 – 721.21993 305.0 69.9 146.9 .7 522.5 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 .3 1.8 85.9 – 728.61994 306.1 70.5 152.5 .7 529.8 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.7 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 86.4 – 736.51995 306.0 65.4 161.9 .3 533.7 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.8 3.0 3.0 .3 1.7 87.3 – 741.81996 308.1 71.3 161.4 .1 540.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.7 2.9 2.9 .3 1.7 84.9 – 747.71997 308.5 71.0 163.4 .2 543.1 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 .3 1.6 87.8 .2 750.11998 310.9 65.0 167.1 .1 543.0 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.8 3.0 2.9 .3 1.7 87.8 .2 747.61999 310.7 58.6 181.1 .2 550.7 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 .4 2.3 88.6 .2 756.52000 310.2 60.7 204.7 .3 575.9 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.8 .4 2.4 88.8 (s) 782.12001 309.8 64.7 236.8 .3 611.6 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.2 .4 3.9 89.2 .1 818.82002 311.0 58.6 296.6 .3 666.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.6 3.3 2.3 .4 4.4 90.2 .1 875.82003 308.5 59.6 339.1 .3 707.6 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.1 .4 6.0 91.3 .1 918.62004 308.8 58.0 355.2 .4 722.4 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.6 2.9 2.2 .4 6.5 90.6 .1 933.42005 309.0 57.4 367.5 .3 734.3 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.6 3.0 2.3 .4 8.7 92.9 .1 948.62006 309.2 56.8 372.0 .4 738.4 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.7 3.1 2.3 .4 11.3 95.9 .1 956.22007 309.1 54.8 377.1 .5 741.5 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.7 3.5 2.2 .5 16.5 102.0 .1 965.72008 309.6 56.4 381.8 .2 748.1 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.8 3.6R2.2 .5 24.7 110.5 .1 981.32009R310.5R55.7R385.5 .2R751.9R101.0R22.2R78.2 1.9R3.7 2.4 .6R34.3R121.1 .1R996.22010P314.9 55.6 390.2 .2 761.0 101.0 22.5 78.2 1.9 3.8 2.4 .9 37.6 124.7 (s) 1,009.21Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."6Wood and wood-derived fuels.7Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).8Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.9Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.10Included in "Wood."11Included in "Wind."12Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 millionkilowatts.Notes:•Data are at end of year.•For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assignedto the energy source reported as the predominant one.•The electric power sector compriseselectricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primarybusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.•See Table 8.11d for commercial andindustrial CHP and electricity-only data.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note2,"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•See "Generator Net SummerCapacity" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1949-1984—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.•1985-1988—EIA,Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."•1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual ElectricGenerator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA,Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual ElectricGenerator Report—Nonutility."•2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."274 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010** (Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage Renewable Energy** **Other**8**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** **Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 7**Wind Total** **Wood**5**Waste**6**Electricity-Only Plants**91989 296.5 78.0 119.3 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.5 80.3 – 690.71990 299.9 76.6 121.8 .4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 .3 1.8 80.9 (s) 698.61995 301.3 64.7 145.3 .3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 86.6 – 719.11996 303.1 70.6 143.1 .1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.7 84.2 – 723.01997 303.6 70.2 144.7 .2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 .3 1.6 87.1 .2 725.01998 305.9 64.2 147.5 .1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.7 87.0 .2 721.41999 305.5 57.5 161.7 .2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 .4 2.3 87.8 .2 730.02000 305.2 59.8 184.0 .1 549.0 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 .4 2.4 88.1 (s) 754.52001 305.2 63.8 215.5 .1 584.5 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.5 2.9 2.2 .4 3.9 88.7 .1 791.12002 305.8 57.5 268.1 .1 631.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.4 2.9 2.3 .4 4.4 89.7 .1 840.32003 303.0 58.6 304.2 .1 665.9 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.4 2.8 2.1 .4 6.0 90.6 .1 876.32004 303.2 57.3 322.6 .1 683.2 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.5 2.6 2.2 .4 6.5 90.0 .1 893.72005 303.4 56.9 335.8 (s) 696.2 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.4 2.6 2.3 .4 8.7 92.3 .1 909.82006 303.4 55.8 341.9 .1 701.2 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.5 2.7 2.3 .4 11.3 95.3 .1 918.42007 303.2 53.9 347.6 .1 704.9 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.5 3.1 2.2 .5 16.5 101.3 .1 928.52008 303.7 55.5R352.3 –R711.5 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.6 3.2R2.2 .5 24.7 109.8 .1 944.02009R304.5R54.8R356.6R(s)R716.0R101.0R22.2R78.2R1.7R3.2 2.4 .6R34.3R120.3 .1R959.52010P309.0 54.7 361.2 (s) 724.9 101.0 22.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.4 .9 37.6 124.0 (s) 972.4**Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants**101989 1.5 0.2 6.1 – 7.7 – – – 0.2 0.2 – – – 0.4 – 8.11990 2.4 .2 8.1 – 10.7 – – – .2 .2 – – – .5 – 11.21995 4.8 .8 16.6 – 22.1 – – – .4 .2 – – – .6 – 22.71996 5.0 .7 18.4 – 24.0 – – – .3 .3 – – – .6 – 24.61997 4.9 .8 18.7 (s) 24.4 – – – .3 .4 – – – .7 – 25.11998 5.0 .8 19.6 – 25.5 – – – .4 .4 – – – .7 – 26.21999 5.2 1.1 19.4 – 25.7 – – – .4 .4 – – – .7 – 26.52000 5.0 .9 20.7 .3 26.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – .7 – 27.72001 4.6 1.0 21.2 .3 27.1 – – (s) .1 .4 – – – .5 (s) 27.62002 5.2 1.1 28.5 .2 34.9 – – – .1 .4 – – – .6 – 35.52003 5.5 1.1 34.9 .2 41.7 – – (s) .2 .5 – – – .7 – 42.32004 5.6 .7 32.6 .3 39.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – .6 – 39.72005 5.6 .5 31.7 .3 38.1 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – .6 – 38.72006 5.8 1.0 30.0 .3 37.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – .6 – 37.82007 5.9 .9 29.5 .3 36.6 – – – .2 .4 – – – .7 – 37.32008 5.9 .9 29.6 .2 36.6 – – – .2 .5 – – – .7 – 37.32009 5.9 .9R28.9 .2R35.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – .7 –R36.72010P5.9 .9 29.1 .2 36.1 – – – .2 .5 – – – .8 – 36.81Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).7Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.8Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.9Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to thepublic. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.10Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is tosell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are includedunder "Electricity-Only Plants."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Notes:•Data are at end of year.•For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assignedto the energy source reported as the predominant one.•See Table 8.11d for commercial and industrialCHP and electricity-only data.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classificationof Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•See "Generator Net Summer Capacity"inGlossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-860, "Annual ElectricGenerator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA,Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual ElectricGenerator Report—Nonutility."•2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 275**T able 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010** (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Nuclear Electric** **Power Hydro** **electric Pumped** **Storage Renewable Energy** **Other**8**Total Coal** 1**Petroleum**2**Natural Gas** 3**Other Gases** 4**Total Conventional** **Hydroelectric Power** **Biomass Geo** **thermal Solar/PV** 7**Wind Total** **Wood**5**Waste**6**Commercial Sector**91989 0.3 0.2 0.6 – 1.0 – – (s) (s) 0.2 – – – 0.2 – 1.21990 .3 .2 .7 – 1.2 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – .2 – 1.41995 .3 .2 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – .3 – 2.11996 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 – 2.31997 .3 .4 1.2 – 1.9 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 – 2.31998 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – .5 – 2.31999 .3 .4 1.1 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – .5 – 2.32000 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 – 2.22001 .3 .3 1.9 – 2.5 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – .4 – 2.92002 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 – 2.22003 .3 .3 1.0 – 1.7 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 – 2.12004 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 – 2.22005 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 – 2.22006 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 – 2.32007 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 (s) 2.32008 .4 .4 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – (s) – .5 (s) 2.32009 .4R.3 1.1 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s)R.5 – (s)R(s) .5 (s)R2.42010P.4 .3 1.2 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s) .5 – (s) (s) .5 (s) 2.5**Industrial Sector**101989 4.8 0.7 9.7 1.2 16.5 – – 0.5 4.1 0.2 – – – 4.8 0.5 21.81990 4.8 .9 10.3 1.3 17.3 – – .6 4.3 .2 – – – 5.1 .5 22.91995 5.0 1.0 11.3 1.4 18.7 – – 1.1 4.9 .2 – – – 6.3 .5 25.51996 5.0 .9 11.5 1.6 19.0 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 6.4 .5 25.91997 4.8 1.1 11.9 1.3 19.2 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 6.5 .6 26.21998 4.6 1.0 12.0 1.5 19.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 6.3 .6 26.01999 4.4 1.1 12.9 1.7 20.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 6.2 .8 27.12000 4.6 .8 13.7 2.0 21.2 – – 1.1 4.4 .2 – – – 5.7 .5 27.32001 4.2 1.1 14.1 1.3 20.7 – – 1.0 4.2 .1 – – – 5.4 .4 26.62002 4.0 .7 14.7 1.8 21.2 – – 1.0 4.3 .1 – – – 5.5 .6 27.32003 4.1 .7 15.3 1.7 21.9 – – .8 4.3 .1 – – – 5.2 .6 27.72004 3.8 .8 14.8 1.9 21.3 – – .6 4.5 .2 – – – 5.4 .7 27.42005 4.0 .8 14.5 1.8 21.0 – – .7 4.5 .2 – – – 5.4 .8 27.22006 3.3 1.0 15.3 1.8 21.4 – – .7 4.7 .2 – – – 5.6 .8 27.82007 3.2 .9 14.7 1.9 20.6 – – .3 5.0 .2 – (s) – 5.5 .7 26.82008 3.2 .7 14.6 1.8 20.3 – – .3 5.0 .1 – (s) – 5.4 .9 26.62009 3.4 .7 14.7R1.7R20.5 – – .3R5.0 .1 – (s) – 5.5R.8R26.82010P4.0 .7 14.7 1.8 21.2 – – .3 5.0 .1 – (s) – 5.5 .8 27.51Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.2Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).7Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.8Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.9Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.10Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Notes:•Data are at end of year.•For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assignedto the energy source reported as the predominant one.•See Tables 8.11b and 8.11c for electric powersector electricity-only and CHP data.•See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note2,"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.•See "Generator Net SummerCapacity" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1989.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual NonutilityPower Producer Report."•1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport—Nonutility."•2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity MarginU.S. Peak Load, 1986-2010 Capacity Margin, 1996-2010U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2010 North American Electric Reliability Corporation Map276 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010SummerNotes: • Values for 2010 are forecast. • Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or morepeak loads on individual systems that do not occur atthe same time interval. See Glossary forinformation on North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC).Sources: •Data:Table 8.12. •Map:North American Electric Reliability Corporation.1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100300600900

Gigawatts1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 201010152025303540

PercentWinter44463646143184311096446426017820143137TRE FRCC MRO NPCC RFC SERC SPP WECC050100150200250

GigawattsSummerWinterSummerWinter(U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 277**T able 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, Selected Years, 1986-2010** (Megawatts, Except as Noted)**Year Noncoincident Peak Load** 1**Capacity Margin** 8(percent)**North American Electric Reliability Corporation Regions**2**Contiguous United** **States ASCC** **(Alaska) Hawaii** **U.S. Total** **ECAR**3**TRE**4**FRCC MAAC** 3**MAIN**3**MRO**5**(U.S.) NPCC** **(U.S.) RFC** 6**SERC SPP** **WECC**7**(U.S.) Summer** 91986 69,606 39,335 – – 37,564 35,943 21,029 39,026 – – 105,570 47,123 81,787 476,983 – – 476,983 NA1990 79,258 42,737 – – 42,613 40,740 24,994 44,116 – – 121,943 52,541 97,389 546,331 463 – 546,794 21.61991 81,224 41,870 – – 45,937 41,598 25,498 46,594 – – 124,716 51,885 92,096 551,418 471 – 551,889 20.91992 78,550 42,619 – – 43,658 38,819 22,638 43,658 – – 128,236 51,324 99,205 548,707 504 – 549,211 20.51993 80,930 44,255 – – 46,494 41,956 24,396 46,706 – – 135,704 57,106 97,809 575,356 511 – 575,867 19.91994 87,165 44,162 – – 46,019 42,562 27,000 47,581 – – 132,584 56,035 102,212 585,320 524 – 585,844 18.71995 92,619 46,618 – – 48,577 45,782 29,192 47,705 – – 146,569 59,595 103,592 620,249 622 – 620,871 18.91996 90,798 47,480 – – 44,302 46,402 28,253 45,094 – – 145,650 60,072 108,739 616,790 – – 616,790 17.51997 93,492 50,541 35,375 49,464 45,887 29,787 49,269 – – 137,382 36,479 110,001 637,677 – – 637,677 16.21998 93,784 54,666 38,730 48,445 47,509 30,722 49,566 – – 143,226 37,724 115,921 660,293 – – 660,293 14.31999 99,239 55,529 37,493 51,645 51,535 31,903 52,855 – – 149,685 38,609 113,629 682,122 – – 682,122 14.62000 92,033 57,606 37,194 49,477 52,552 28,605 50,057 – – 156,088 40,199 114,602 678,413 – – 678,413 15.72001 100,235 55,201 39,062 54,015 56,344 28,321 55,949 – – 149,293 40,273 109,119 687,812 – – 687,812 14.52002 102,996 56,248 40,696 55,569 56,396 29,119 56,012 – – 158,767 39,688 119,074 714,565 – – 714,565 16.42003 98,487 59,996 40,475 53,566 56,988 28,831 55,018 – – 153,110 40,367 122,537 709,375 – – 709,375 18.62004 95,300 58,531 42,383 52,049 53,439 29,351 52,549 – – 157,615 40,106 123,136 704,459 – – 704,459 20.92005 – – 60,210 46,396 – – – – 39,918 58,960 190,200 190,705 41,727 130,760 758,876 – – 758,876 15.42006 – – 62,339 45,751 – – – – 42,194 63,241 191,920 199,052 42,882 142,096 789,475 – – 789,475 12.92007 – – 62,188 46,676 – – – – 41,684 58,314 181,700 209,109 43,167 139,389 782,227 – – 782,227 16.12008 – – 62,174 44,836 – – – – 39,677 58,543 169,155 199,779 43,476 134,829 752,470 – – 752,470 18.22009 – –R63,518R46,550 – – – –R37,963R55,944R161,241R191,032R41,465R128,245R725,958 – –R725,958R22.22010F– – 63,810 46,006 – – – – 42,240 60,215 177,688 201,350 43,395 137,385 772,089 – – 772,089 20.9**Winter**101986 64,561 28,730 – – 32,807 28,036 18,850 37,976 – – 101,849 33,877 76,171 422,857 – – 422,857 NA1990 67,097 35,815 – – 36,551 32,461 21,113 40,545 – – 117,448 38,949 94,252 484,231 613 – 484,844 NA1991 71,181 35,448 – – 37,983 33,420 21,432 41,866 – – 119,575 38,759 86,097 485,761 622 – 486,383 NA1992 72,885 35,055 – – 37,915 31,289 21,866 41,125 – – 121,250 39,912 91,686 492,983 635 – 493,618 NA1993 81,846 35,407 – – 41,406 34,966 21,955 42,063 – – 133,635 41,644 88,811 521,733 632 – 522,365 NA1994 75,638 36,180 – – 40,653 33,999 23,033 42,547 – – 132,661 42,505 91,037 518,253 641 – 518,894 NA1995 83,465 36,965 – – 40,790 35,734 23,429 42,755 – – 142,032 44,624 94,890 544,684 676 – 545,360 NA1996 84,534 38,868 – – 40,468 37,162 24,251 41,208 – – 143,060 49,095 95,435 554,081 – – 554,081 27.71997 75,670 37,966 33,076 37,217 34,973 25,390 41,338 – – 122,649 27,437 94,158 529,874 – – 529,874 26.01998 84,401 41,876 39,975 36,532 37,410 26,080 44,199 – – 127,416 27,847 101,822 567,558 – – 567,558 25.71999 86,239 39,164 40,178 40,220 39,081 25,200 45,227 – – 128,563 27,963 99,080 570,915 – – 570,915 26.72000 84,546 44,641 38,606 43,256 41,943 24,536 43,852 – – 139,146 30,576 97,324 588,426 – – 588,426 29.52001 85,485 44,015 40,922 39,458 40,529 21,815 42,670 – – 135,182 29,614 96,622 576,312 – – 576,312 28.92002 87,300 45,414 45,635 46,551 42,412 23,645 46,009 – – 141,882 30,187 95,951 604,986 – – 604,986 29.42003 86,332 42,702 36,841 45,625 41,719 24,134 48,079 – – 137,972 28,450 102,020 593,874 – – 593,874 33.52004 91,800 44,010 44,839 45,905 42,929 24,526 48,176 – – 144,337 29,490 102,689 618,701 – – 618,701 31.62005 – – 48,141 42,657 – – – – 33,748 46,828 151,600 164,638 31,260 107,493 626,365 – – 626,365 30.22006 – – 50,402 42,526 – – – – 34,677 46,697 149,631 175,163 30,792 111,093 640,981 – – 640,981R30.92007 – – 50,408 41,701 – – – – 33,191 46,795 141,900 179,888 31,322 112,700 637,905 – – 637,905R30.42008 – – 47,806 45,275 – – – – 36,029 46,043 142,395 179,596 32,809 113,605 643,557 – – 643,557 31.02009 – –R56,191R53,022 – – – –R35,351R44,864R143,827R193,135R32,863R109,565R668,818 – –R668,818R28.52010F– – 43,823 46,235 – – – – 35,722 46,374 143,040 183,614 31,415 108,850 639,073 – – 639,073 34.61Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occurat the same time interval.2See "North American Electric Reliablility Corporation (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S.portion of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions.3ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Utility members joined other reliability regionalcouncils.4TRE was renamed from ERCOT in 2007.5MRO was renamed from MAPP in 2004.6ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) came into existence on January 1, 2006. Many of the former utilitymembers of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN joined RFC.7WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002.8The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) thanestimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or winter) demand. Net internaldemand does not include estimated demand for direct control load management and customers withinterruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous United States only.9The summer peak period is June through September.10The winter peak period is December through February of the following year.R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. – =No data reported.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1986.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Electric Power Annual 2009(January 2011),Tables 4.1-4.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report," andpredecessor forms.Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management ProgramsActual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2009 Actual Peakload Reductions, 2009Energy Savings, 1989-2009 Electric Utility Costs, 1989-2009278 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 8.13.1214161723253030252726232523232426273032321989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009010203040

Gigawatts3811,9166219,766Total: 31,682 Megawatts (MW)Energy Efficiency19,766 MW(62%)Load Management11,916 MW(38%)1520253645525762564951545454505560646977781989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009020406080100

Billion Kilowatthours0.91.21.82.32.72.72.41.91.61.41.41.61.61.61.31.61.92.12.53.23.61989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 200901234

Billion Dollars1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 279**T able 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2009** **Year Actual Peakload Reductions** 1**Energy Savings Electric Utility Costs** **Energy Efficiency**2**Load Management**3**Total**MegawattsMillion KilowatthoursThousand Dollars41989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 872,9351990 NA NA 13,704 20,458 1,177,4571991 NA NA 15,619 24,848 1,803,7731992 7,890 9,314 17,204 35,563 2,348,0941993 10,368 12,701 23,069 45,294 2,743,5331994 11,662 13,340 25,001 52,483 2,715,6571995 13,212 16,347 29,561 57,421 2,421,2841996 14,243 15,650 29,893 61,842 1,902,1971997 13,327 11,958 25,284 56,406 1,636,0201998 13,591 13,640 27,231 49,167 1,420,9201999 13,452 13,003 26,455 50,563 1,423,6442000 12,873 10,027 22,901 53,701 1,564,9012001 13,027 11,928 24,955 53,936 1,630,2862002 13,420 9,516 22,936 54,075 1,625,5372003 13,581 9,323 22,904 50,265 1,297,2102004 14,272 9,260 23,532 54,710 1,557,4662005 15,351 10,359 25,710 59,897 1,921,3522006 15,959 11,281 27,240 63,817 2,051,3942007 17,710 12,543 30,253 68,992 2,523,1172008R19,707R12,028R31,735R76,674R3,175,4102009 19,766 11,916 31,682 77,907 3,593,7501The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utilitydemand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actualpeak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actualand potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variableconditions.2"Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-usedevices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overallelectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings.Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce thesame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples includehigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, andheat recovery systems.3"Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interruptconsumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interruptingpower supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usuallyinvolves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordancewith contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct controlof the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator.Itusually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In some instances, the load reduction may beaffected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) after notice to the consumer in accordancewith contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that limit or shift peak loads from on-peaktooff-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating storage systems.4Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.R=Revised. NA=Not available.Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs operated by electric utilities. The decreasesince 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be attributed in part to utilities cutting backorterminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Some State governments have created newprograms to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mart Loan Fund" administered by the NewYork Energy Research and Development Authority and the "Efficiency Vermont" program of the VermontPublic Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to these non-utility programs are not collectedby the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report."•1998 forward—EIA,Electric Power Annual 2009(January 2011), Tables 9.1, 9.6, and 9.7.ElectricityNote 1.Coverage of Electricity Statistics.Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such asuniversities) and military facilities thatgenerated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independentpower producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with agenerator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with agenerator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid andincluded in data for the electric power sector.Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants(both electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the NorthAmerican Industry Classification System(NAICS), which replaced the StandardIndustrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 areassigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector.Those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to indicate theprimary purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860.doc.Note 3. ElectricityImports and Exports.Through theAnnual Energy Review(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuelsand hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate toconvert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat ratefor geothermal energy plants).Beginning with the AER2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to alltraded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectricpower and geothermal energy are no longer included in renewable energyconsumption data. They continue to be included in total U.S. energy consumptionas components of electricity net imports, with energy sources unspecified (seeTables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 2001 and AER 2002 resulted in a0.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable energy consumption from 1949forward.Table 8.1 Sources:Net Generation, Electric Power Sector:Table 8.2b.NetGeneration, Commercial Sector:Table 8.2d.Net Generation, IndustrialSector:• 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-4,"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plantswith generating capacity exceeding 10megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric Generating Capacity," forall other plants. • October 1977-1978—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generatingcapacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC,Form FPC-12C, "Industrial ElectricGenerating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1979—FERC, Form FPC-4, "MonthlyPower Plant Report," for plants withgenerating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,and EIA estimates for all other plants. • 1980-1988—Estimated byU.S.EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) as the average generation over the 6-yearperiod of 1974-1979. • 1989 forward—Table 8.2d.Net Generation, Total:Table 8.2a.ImportsandExports:• 1949-September 1977—Unpublished FPCdata. • October 1977-1980—Unpublished Economic Regulatory Administration(ERA) data. • 1981—U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of EnergyEmergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy Exchanges with Canada andMexico for Calendar Year 1981," April 1982 (revised June 1982). • 1982 and1983—DOE, ERA,Electricity Exchanges Across International Borders. • 1984-1986—DOE, ERA,Electricity Transactions Across International Borders. •1987 and 1988—DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, "Annual Report of InternationalElectrical Export/Import Data." • 1989—DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R,"Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data." • 1990forward—National Energy Board of Canada, and DOE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form OE-781R, “Monthly Electricity Imports andExports Report,” and predecessor form. For 2001 forward, data from the CaliforniaIndependent System Operator are used in combination with the Form OE-781values to estimate electricity trade with Mexico.T & D Losses and Unaccountedfor:Calculated as the sum of total net generation and imports minus total end useand exports.End Use:Table 8.9.280 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20109. Nuclear EnergyFigure 9.1 Nuclear Generating UnitsOperable Units,11957-2010 Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-2010Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2010 Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1955-2010282 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Units holding full-power operating licenses, orequivalent permission to operate, at the endof the year.Note: Data are at end of year.Sources: Tables 9.1 and 8.11a.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010-404812

Million Kilowatts1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100306090120

Number of Units1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201001234

NumberPeak: 112Units in 1990104 UnitsIn 2010PermanentShutdownsTotal Units Ordered: 25928104OperableUnits1U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 283**T able 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2010** **Year Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50)** 1**Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52)**1**Permanent Shutdowns** **Operable Units**6**Construction Permits** **Issued**2,3**Low-Power Operating Licenses** **Issued**3,4**Full-Power Operating Licenses** **Issued**3,5**Early Site Permits** **Issued**3**Combined License Applications** **Received Combined** **Licenses Issued** 31955 1 0 0 – – – – – – 0 01956 3 0 0 – – – – – – 0 01957 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 11958 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 11959 3 1 1 – – – – – – 0 21960 7 1 1 – – – – – – 0 31961 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 31962 1 7 6 – – – – – – 0 91963 1 3 2 – – – – – – 0 111964 3 2 3 – – – – – – 1 131965 1 0 0 – – – – – – 0 131966 5 1 2 – – – – – – 1 141967 14 3 3 – – – – – – 2 151968 23 0 0 – – – – – – 2 131969 7 4 4 – – – – – – 0 171970 10 4 3 – – – – – – 0 201971 4 5 2 – – – – – – 0 221972 8 6 6 – – – – – – 1 271973 14 12 15 – – – – – – 0 421974 23 14 15 – – – – – – 2 551975 9 3 2 – – – – – – 0 571976 9 7 7 – – – – – – 1 631977 15 4 4 – – – – – – 0 671978 13 3 4 – – – – – – 1 701979 2 0 0 – – – – – – 1 691980 0 5 2 – – – – – – 0 711981 0 3 4 – – – – – – 0 751982 0 6 4 – – – – – – 1 781983 0 3 3 – – – – – – 0 811984 0 7 6 – – – – – – 0 871985 0 7 9 – – – – – – 0 961986 0 7 5 – – – – – – 0 1011987 0 6 8 – – – – – – 2 1071988 0 1 2 – – – – – – 0 1091989 0 3 4 – – – – – – 2 1111990 0 1 2 – – – – – – 1 1121991 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1111992 0 0 0 – – – – – – 2 1091993 0 1 1 – – – – – – 0 1101994 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1091995 0 1 0 – – – – – – 0 1091996 0 0 1 – – – – – – 1 1091997 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1071998 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1041999-2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1042007 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 1042008 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 1042009 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1042010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 104Total 177 132 132 4 17 0 28 – –1Data in columns 1-3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFRPart 50. Data in columns 4-6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "PendingActions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.2Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Undercurrent licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operatinglicense.3Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses.4Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not tooperate at full power.5Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note thatsome units receive full-power licenses the same year they receive low-power licenses). Units initiallyundergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation.6Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent permission to operate,atthe end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumulative number of units holding full-powerlicenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).– – =Not applicable.Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.Sources: See end of section.Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant OperationsTotal Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2010 Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2010Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2010 Capacity Factor, 1973-2010284 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010012345

Trillion KilowatthoursTotalNuclear1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100510152025

Percent4.120in20100.807 in 20101960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100306090120

Million Kilowatts1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010020406080100

Percent20%in2010101in201091%in2010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 285**T able 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2010** **Year Nuclear Electricity Net Generation** **Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units** 1**Capacity Factor**2Billion KilowatthoursPercentMillion KilowattsPercent1957 (s) (s) 0.1 NA1958 .2 (s) .1 NA1959 .2 (s) .1 NA1960 .5 .1 .4 NA1961 1.7 .2 .4 NA1962 2.3 .3 .7 NA1963 3.2 .3 .8 NA1964 3.3 .3 .8 NA1965 3.7 .3 .8 NA1966 5.5 .5 1.7 NA1967 7.7 .6 2.7 NA1968 12.5 .9 2.7 NA1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 NA1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 NA1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 NA1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 NA1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 53.51974 114.0 6.1 31.9 47.81975 172.5 9.0 37.3 55.91976 191.1 9.4 43.8 54.71977 250.9 11.8 46.3 63.31978 276.4 12.5 50.8 64.51979 255.2 11.3 49.7 58.41980 251.1 11.0 51.8 56.31981 272.7 11.9 56.0 58.21982 282.8 12.6 60.0 56.61983 293.7 12.7 63.0 54.41984 327.6 13.5 69.7 56.31985 383.7 15.5 79.4 58.01986 414.0 16.6 85.2 56.91987 455.3 17.7 93.6 57.41988 527.0 19.5 94.7 63.51989 529.4 17.8 98.2 62.21990 576.9 19.0 99.6 66.01991 612.6 19.9 99.6 70.21992 618.8 20.1 99.0 70.91993 610.3 19.1 99.0 70.51994 640.4 19.7 99.1 73.81995 673.4 20.1 99.5 77.41996 674.7 19.6 100.8 76.21997 628.6 18.0 99.7 71.11998 673.7 18.6 97.1 78.21999 728.3 19.7 97.4 85.32000 753.9 19.8 97.9 88.12001 768.8 20.6 98.2 89.42002 780.1 20.2 98.7 90.32003 763.7 19.7 99.2 87.92004 788.5 19.9 99.6 90.12005 782.0 19.3 100.0 89.32006 787.2 19.4 100.3 89.62007 806.4 19.4 100.3 91.82008 806.2 19.6 100.8 91.12009R798.9 20.2R101.0R90.32010P807.0 19.6 101.0 91.21At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.2See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05.Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.Sources:**Nuclear Electricity Net Generation**and**Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation :** Table 8.2a.**Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units:**•1949-2009: Table 8.11a.•2010—U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA),Monthly Energy Review (MER)(April 2011), Table 8.1.**Capaci ty** **Factor:**EIA, MER (April 2011), Table 8.1. Annual capacity factors are weighted averages of monthlycapacity factors.Figure 9.3 Uranium OverviewProduction and Trade, 1949-2010 Production and Trade, 2010Inventories, End of Year 1981-2010 Average Prices, 1981-2010286 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010PurchasedImportsPurchasedImportsDomesticPurchases1Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Note: See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary.Source: Table 9.3.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100255075

Million Pounds Uranium OxideExportSalesDomesticConcentrateProduction45523Domestic Purchased Imports Export Sales0204060

Million Pounds Uranium OxideConcentrate Production1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010050100150200

Million Pounds Uranium OxideTotal1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201001020304050

Dollars1 per Pound Uranium OxideElectric PlantsDomestic SuppliersU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 287**T able 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Domestic** **Concentrate Production** 1**Purchased Imports** 2**Export**2**Sales Electric Plant** **Purchases From Domestic Suppliers** **Loaded Into U.S. Nuclear** **Reactors**3**Inventories Average Price** **Domestic Suppliers Electric Plants** **Total Purchased Imports** **Domestic Purchases**Million Pounds Uranium OxideDollars4per Pound Uranium Oxide1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1950 .92 5.5 .0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1955 5.56 7.6 .0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1960 35.28 36.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1965 20.88 8.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1970 25.81 .0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA – – NA1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 32.90 34.651982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 27.23 38.371983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 26.16 38.211984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 21.86 32.651985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 20.08 31.431986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 20.07 30.011987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 19.14 27.371988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 19.03 26.151989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 16.75 19.561990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 12.55 15.701991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 15.55 13.661992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 11.34 13.451993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 10.53 13.141994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 8.95 10.301995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 10.20 11.111996 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 13.15 13.811997 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 11.81 12.871998 4.71 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 11.19 12.311999 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 10.55 11.882000 3.96 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 9.84 11.452001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 9.51 10.452002 2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 57.2 48.7 53.5 102.1 10.05 10.3520035,E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 62.3 39.9 45.6 85.5 10.59 10.842004 2.28 66.1 13.2 28.2 50.1 37.5 57.7 95.2 12.25 11.912005 2.69 65.5 20.5 27.3 58.3 29.1 64.7 93.8 14.83 13.982006 4.11 64.8 18.7 27.9 51.7 29.1 77.5 106.6 19.31 18.542007 4.53 54.1 14.8 18.5 45.5 31.2 81.2 112.4 34.18 33.132008 3.90 57.1 17.2 20.4 51.3R27.0R83.0R110.0 41.30 43.432009 3.71 58.9 23.5 17.6 49.4 26.8 84.8 111.5 41.23 44.532010 4.23 55.3 23.1 16.2P44.3P25.7P86.5P112.3 47.01 44.881See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.2Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic EnergyCommission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were fortransactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small.3Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded.4Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.5Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.Web Pages:•For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#nuclear.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.Sources:•1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office,Statistical Data of theUranium Industry,Report No. GJO-100, annual reports.•1967-2002—U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA),Uranium Industry Annual,annual reports.•2003-2005—EIA, "Uranium MarketingAnnual Report," annual reports.•2006 forward—EIA, "2010 Domestic Uranium Production Report" (June2011), Table 3; EIA, "2010 Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (May 2011), Tables 5, 18, 19, 21, and 22;and EIA, Form EIA-858, "Uranium Marketing Annual Survey.Nuclear EnergyNote 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units.Much of Table 9.1 isbased on the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following thepassage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992and procedural reforms initiated in 1989by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.)The NRC did not issue any Early Site Permits (ESP) during 2010. Two newESP applications were received in 2010;one to Victoria County Station and theother to PSEG Site.As of December 31, 2010, the NRC has 14 Combined License (COL) applications under review for: Bell Bend (Pennsylvania); Bellefonte 3 and 4 (Alabama);Calvert Cliffs 3 (Maryland); ComanchePeak 3 and 4 (Texas); Fermi 3 (Michigan); Levy County 1 and 2 (Florida); Nine Mile Point 3 (New York); NorthAnna 3 (Virginia); Shearon Harris 2 and 3 (North Carolina); South Texas 3 and4 (Texas); Turkey Point 6 and 7 (Florida); Virgil C. Summer 2 and 3 (SouthCarolina); Vogtle 3 and 4 (Georgia); and William States Lee III 1 and 2 (SouthCarolina). As of that date, the Turkey Point COL application (submitted in June2009) was the last such application received by the NRC. At the request of theapplicants, review has been suspended for Callaway 2 (Missouri), Grand Gulf 3(Mississippi), and River Bend 2 (Louisiana). The Victoria County 1 and 2 COLapplication was withdrawn followingthe announcement that the applicantintends to apply instead for an ESP with the reactor choice unspecified. In addition to the COL applications currentlyunder review, Watts Bar 2 is currentlyunder construction. Watts Bar 2 was issued a construction permit in 1973, andthe U.S. Energy Information Administration projects that the unit will bebrought on line in 2013. This is the onlyreactor that is anticipated to apply forthe license separate of construction permit. TVA has also requested that Bellefonte 1 and 2, two partially completed units, be moved to ‘deferred plan’ status asthe Agency considers completing one or both.As of December 31, 2010, 12 applications for license extensions were underreview by the NRC. The NRC granted 20-year license extensions in 2010 to: CooperNuclear Station on November 29 and Duane Arnold Energy Center on December 16.For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics.In 1997, the U.S. Energy Information Administration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fullydescribe the history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time framewas extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories wererevised for greater relevance to currentindustry conditions and trends. To acquirethe data for the revised categories, itwas necessary to develop a reactor unitdatabase employing different sources thanthose used previously for Table 9.1 andstill used for Table 9.2.The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nuclear power units, meaning thatthe units contributed power to the commercial electricity grid. A total of 259 unitshave been ordered over the lifetime of the nuclear industry. Although most orderswere placed by electric utilities, several units were ordered, owned, and operatedwholly or in part by the Federal Government, including BONUS (Boiling NuclearSuperheater Power Station),Elk River, ExperimentalBreeder Reactor 2, Hallam,Hanford N, Piqua, and Shippingport.A reactor is generally defined as operable in Table 9.1 if it possesses a fullpower license, or an equivalent, from the NRC or its predecessor, the AtomicEnergy Commission, at the end of the year.The definition is liberal in that it doesnot exclude units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine shutdowns.For example:•In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Authority units (Browns Ferry 1, 2,and 3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) wereshut down under a regulatory forcedoutage. Browns Ferry 1 was authorized by the NRC to restart in 2007,while the other units restarted in 1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively.All five units were counted as operable during the shutdowns.•Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976 for conversion to alightwater breeder reactor, but is counted as operable until its retirement in1982.•Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for replacement ofpressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as operable during those years.Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three Mile Island 2. Shoreham wasgranted a full-power license in April 1989, but was shut down two months laterand never restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession Only.Although not operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated as operableduring 1989 and shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable and shutdown in the same year would introduce astatistical discrepancy in the tallies. Amajor accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unitretained its full-power license for several years, it is considered permanentlyshut down since that year.Table 9.1 Sources: Operable Units:• 1955-1982–Compiled from varioussources, primarily U.S. Department ofEnergy (DOE), Office of Nuclear ReactorPrograms, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units: SignificantMilestones." • 1983 forward–U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), FormEIA-860, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport," and predecessor forms.All OtherData:• 1955-1997–U.S. Atomic Energy Commission,1973 Annual ReporttoCongress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; Nuclear Energy Institute, HistoricalProfile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development(1988); EIA,Commercial NuclearPower 1991(September 1991); DOE,Nuclear Reactors Built, Being Built, andPlanned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC),Information Digest(1997 and 1998) and "PlantStatus Report"; and various utility, Federal, andcontractorofficials. • 1998 forward–NRC,Information Digest, annual reports.288 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 201010. Renewable EnergyFigure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major SourceRenewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2010 Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources, 1949-2010`Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 2010290 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.2Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-productsfrom the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.3Conventional hydroelectric power.Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.– Wood 25%– HydroelectricPower331%Natural Gas25%Petroleum37%8%Coal21%9%TotalNuclear ElectricPower–Wind 11%– Solar/PV 1%– Geothermal 3%– Waste16%HydroelectricPower3– Biofuels2 23%RenewableEnergyWoodWind1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100246810

Quadrillion BtuBiofuels22.52.01.90.90.50.20.1Hydroelectric Wood Biofuels2 Wind Waste1 Geo- Solar/PV0123

Quadrillion BtuPower3thermalU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 291**T able 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Production** 1**Consumption Biomass** **Total Renewable** **Energy**4**Hydro electric** **Power**5**Geo thermal** 6**Solar/PV**7**Wind**8**Biomass Total** **Renewable Energy** **Biofuels**2**Total**3**Wood**9**Waste**10**Biofuels**11**Total**1949 NA 1,549 2,974 1,425 NA NA NA 1,549 NA NA 1,549 2,9741950 NA 1,562 2,978 1,415 NA NA NA 1,562 NA NA 1,562 2,9781955 NA 1,424 2,784 1,360 NA NA NA 1,424 NA NA 1,424 2,7841960 NA 1,320R2,928 1,608R(s) NA NA 1,320 NA NA 1,320R2,9281965 NA 1,335R3,396 2,059R2 NA NA 1,335 NA NA 1,335R3,3961970 NA 1,431R4,070 2,634R6 NA NA 1,429 2 NA 1,431R4,0701975 NA 1,499R4,687 3,155R34 NA NA 1,497 2 NA 1,499R4,6871976 NA 1,713R4,727 2,976R38 NA NA 1,711 2 NA 1,713R4,7271977 NA 1,838R4,209 2,333R37 NA NA 1,837 2 NA 1,838R4,2091978 NA 2,038R5,005 2,937R31 NA NA 2,036 1 NA 2,038R5,0051979 NA 2,152R5,123 2,931R40 NA NA 2,150 2 NA 2,152R5,1231980 NA 2,476R5,428 2,900R53 NA NA 2,474 2 NA 2,476R5,4281981 13 2,596R5,414 2,758R59 NA NA 2,496 88 13 2,596R5,4141982 34 2,663R5,980 3,266R51 NA NA 2,510 119 34 2,663R5,9801983 63 2,904R6,496 3,527R64 NA (s) 2,684 157 63 2,904R6,4961984 77 2,971R6,438 3,386R81 (s) (s) 2,686 208 77 2,971R6,4381985 93 3,016R6,084 2,970R97 (s) (s) 2,687 236 93 3,016R6,0841986 107 2,932R6,111 3,071R108 (s) (s) 2,562 263 107 2,932R6,1111987 123 2,875R5,622 2,635R112 (s) (s) 2,463 289 123 2,875R5,6221988 124 3,016R5,457 2,334R106 (s) (s) 2,577 315 124 3,016R5,4571989 125 3,159R6,235 2,837R162 55 22 2,680 354 125 3,159R6,2351990 111 2,735R6,041 3,046R171R59 29 2,216 408 111 2,735R6,0411991 128 2,782R6,069 3,016R178R62 31 2,214 440 128 2,782R6,0691992 145 2,932R5,821 2,617R179 64 30 2,313 473 145 2,932R5,8211993 169 2,908R6,083 2,892R186 66 31 2,260 479 169 2,908R6,0831994 188 3,028R5,988 2,683R173R68 36 2,324 515 188 3,028R5,9881995 198 3,099R6,558 3,205R152R69 33 2,370 531 200 3,101R6,5601996 141 3,155R7,012 3,590R163R70 33 2,437 577 143 3,157R7,0141997 186 3,108R7,018 3,640R167 70 34 2,371 551 184 3,105R7,0161998 202 2,929R6,494 3,297R168R69 31 2,184 542 201R2,927R6,4931999 211 2,965R6,517 3,268R171R68 46 2,214 540 209 2,963R6,5162000 233 3,006R6,104 2,811R164R65 57 2,262 511 236 3,008R6,1062001 254 2,624R5,164 2,242R164R64 70 2,006 364 253 2,622R5,1632002 308 2,705R5,734 2,689R171R63 105 1,995 402 303 2,701R5,7292003 402 2,805R5,982 2,825R175R62 115 2,002 401 404 2,807R5,9832004 487 2,998R6,070 2,690R178R63 142 2,121 389R499 3,010R6,0822005 564 3,104R6,229 2,703R181R63 178 2,136 403 577R3,116R6,2422006 720 3,226R6,608 2,869R181R68 264 2,109 397 771R3,276R6,6592007 978 3,489R6,537 2,446R186R76 341 2,098 413 991R3,502R6,5512008 1,387 3,867R7,205 2,511R192R89 546 2,044 436 1,372 3,852R7,1902009R1,583R3,915R7,603R2,669R200R98R721R1,881R452R1,567R3,899R7,5872010P1,870 4,310 8,064 2,509 212 109 924 1,986 454 1,855 4,295 8,0491Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels.2Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.3Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuelethanol and biodiesel.4Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.5Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).6Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6),and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.7Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuelsheat rate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.8Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).9Wood and wood-derived fuels.10Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).11Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products from theproduction of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors are estimates.See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.•See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricitynet generation and useful thermal output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d,8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for renewable energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermaloutput; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d for renewable energy electric net summer capacity.•See Note,"Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section.•See Table E1 for estimatedrenewable energy consumption for 1635-1945.•Totals may not equal sum of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources:**Biofuels:**Tables 10.3 and 10.4.**All Other Data:**Tables 10.2a-10.2c.Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2010Residential Sector Commercial1 Sector, Major SourcesIndustrial1 Sector, Major Sources Transportation Sector292 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricityonly plants.2Wood and wood-derived fuels.3Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation. Includessmall amounts of distributed solar thermal andPV energy used in the commercial, industrial,and electric power sectors.4Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.5Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources,landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, alsoincludes non-renewable waste (municipal solidwaste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).6From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.7The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85), and biofuelsused as diesel fuel substitutes, additives or extenders.Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100306090

Trillion BtuWood2Waste51990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion BtuSolar/PV3 and Geothermal4Wood21990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.00.20.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 201002004006008001,0001,200

Trillion BtuWaste5Wood2Geothermal4Biomass7Losses andCo-products6Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power SectorEnd-Use Sectors, 1949-2010End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2010 End-Use Sectors and Electric Power SectorShares of Total Renewable Energy Consumption, 2010U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 2931Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number ofelectricity-only plants.Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c.Sources: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.0.60.12.21.14.0Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric012345

Quadrillion BtuPowerSectorEnd-Use SectorsResidentialCommercial11950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion BtuElectric PowerSector50%End-UseSectors50%Industrial1Transportation294 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Residential Sector** **Commercial Sector**1**Geo thermal** 2**Solar/PV**3**Biomass Total** **Hydro electric** **Power**5**Geo thermal** 2**Solar/PV**6**Wind**7**Biomass Total** **Wood**4**Wood**4**Waste**8**Fuel Ethanol**9**Total**1949 NA NA 1,055 1,055 NA NA NA NA 20 NA NA 20 201950 NA NA 1,006 1,006 NA NA NA NA 19 NA NA 19 191955 NA NA 775 775 NA NA NA NA 15 NA NA 15 151960 NA NA 627 627 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA 12 121965 NA NA 468 468 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA 9 91970 NA NA 401 401 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 8 81975 NA NA 425 425 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 8 81976 NA NA 482 482 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA 9 91977 NA NA 542 542 NA NA NA NA 10 NA NA 10 101978 NA NA 622 622 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA 12 121979 NA NA 728 728 NA NA NA NA 14 NA NA 14 141980 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA NA 21 NA NA 21 211981 NA NA 870 870 NA NA NA NA 21 NA (s) 21 211982 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 22 221983 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 22 221984 NA NA 980 980 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 22 221985 NA NA 1,010 1,010 NA NA NA NA 24 NA (s) 24 241986 NA NA 920 920 NA NA NA NA 27 NA (s) 27 271987 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA NA 29 NA 1 30 301988 NA NA 910 910 NA NA NA NA 32 NA 1 33 331989 5R52 920R977 1 3 – – 76 22 1 99 1021990 6 56 580 641 1 3 – – 66 28 (s) 94 981991 6R57 610R673 1 3 – – 68 26 (s) 95 1001992 6R59 640 706 1 3 – – 72 32 (s) 105 1091993 7R61 550 618 1 3 – – 76 33 (s) 109 1141994 6R63 520R589 1 4 – – 72 35 (s) 106 1121995 7R64 520 591 1 5 – – 72 40 (s) 113 1181996 7 65 540 612 1 5 – – 76 53 (s) 129 1351997 8R64 430R502 1 6 – – 73 58 (s) 131 1381998 8R64 380 452 1 7 – – 64 54 (s) 118 1271999 9R63 390R461 1 7 – – 67 54 (s) 121 1292000 9R60 420R489 1 8 – – 71 47 (s) 119 1282001 9R59 370R438 1 8 – – 67 25 (s) 92 1012002 10R57 380R448 (s) 9 – – 69 26 (s) 95 1042003 13R57 400R470 1 11 – – 71 29 1 101 1132004 14R57 410R481 1 12 – – 70 34 1 105 1182005 16R58 430R504 1 14 – – 70 34 1 105 1192006 18R63 390R472 1 14 – – 65 36 1 102 1172007 22R70 430R522 1 14 – – 69 31 2 102 1182008 26R80 450R556 1 15 (s) – 73 34 2 109 1252009 33R89 430R552 1 17 (s) (s) 72R36R3R112R1292010P37 97 420 554 1 19 (s) (s) 70 34 3 108 1271Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercialelectricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end ofSection 8.2Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.3Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btuusing the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PVenergy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.4Wood and wood-derived fuels.5Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).6Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.7Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).8Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).9The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the commercialsector.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV, hydroelectric power, wind, andwaste.•See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net generation and useful thermal output fromrenewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for renewable energyconsumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d for renewableenergy electric net summer capacity.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources: See end of section.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 295**T able 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Industrial Sector** 1**Transportation Sector Hydro** **electric Power** 2**Geo thermal** 3**Solar/PV**4**Biomass Total** **Biomass Wood** 5**Waste**6**Fuel Ethanol** 7**Losses and Co-products** 8**Total Fuel** **Ethanol**9**Biodiesel Total** 1949 76 NA NA 468 NA NA NA 468 544 NA NA NA1950 69 NA NA 532 NA NA NA 532 602 NA NA NA1955 38 NA NA 631 NA NA NA 631 669 NA NA NA1960 39 NA NA 680 NA NA NA 680 719 NA NA NA1965 33 NA NA 855 NA NA NA 855 888 NA NA NA1970 34 NA NA 1,019 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 NA NA NA1975 32 NA NA 1,063 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 NA NA NA1976 33 NA NA 1,220 NA NA NA 1,220 1,253 NA NA NA1977 33 NA NA 1,281 NA NA NA 1,281 1,314 NA NA NA1978 32 NA NA 1,400 NA NA NA 1,400 1,432 NA NA NA1979 34 NA NA 1,405 NA NA NA 1,405 1,439 NA NA NA1980 33 NA NA 1,600 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 NA NA NA1981 33 NA NA 1,602 87 (s) 6 1,695 1,728 7 NA 71982 33 NA NA 1,516 118 (s) 16 1,650 1,683 18 NA 181983 33 NA NA 1,690 155 (s) 29 1,874 1,908 34 NA 341984 33 NA NA 1,679 204 1 35 1,918 1,951 41 NA 411985 33 NA NA 1,645 230 1 42 1,918 1,951 50 NA 501986 33 NA NA 1,610 256 1 48 1,915 1,948 57 NA 571987 33 NA NA 1,576 282 1 55 1,914 1,947 66 NA 661988 33 NA NA 1,625 308 1 55 1,989 2,022 67 NA 671989 28 2 – 1,584 200 1 56 1,841 1,871 68 NA 681990 31 2 – 1,442 192 1 49 1,684 1,717 60 NA 601991 30 2 – 1,410 185 1 56 1,652 1,684 70 NA 701992 31 2 – 1,461 179 1 64 1,705 1,737 80 NA 801993 30 2 – 1,484 181 1 74 1,741 1,773 94 NA 941994 62 3 – 1,580 199 1 82 1,862 1,927 105 NA 1051995 55 3 – 1,652 195 2 86 1,934 1,992R112 NAR1121996 61 3 – 1,683 224 1 61 1,969 2,033 81 NA 811997 58 3 – 1,731 184 1 80 1,996 2,057 102 NA 1021998 55 3 – 1,603 180 1 86 1,872 1,929 113 NA 1131999 49 4 – 1,620 171 1 90 1,882 1,934 118 NA 1182000 42 4 – 1,636 145 1 99 1,881 1,928 135 NA 1352001 33 5 – 1,443 129 3 108 1,681 1,719 141 1 1422002 39 5 – 1,396 146 3 130 1,676 1,720 168 2 1702003 43 3 – 1,363 142 4 169 1,679 1,726 228 2 2302004 33 4 – 1,476 132 6 203 1,817 1,853 286 3 2902005 32 4 – 1,452 148 7 230 1,837 1,873R327 12 3392006 29 4 – 1,472 130 10 285 1,897 1,930 442 33 4752007 16 5 – 1,413 144 10 377 1,944 1,964 557 46R6022008 17 5 – 1,344 144 12 532 2,031 2,053 786 40R8262009 18 4 –R1,198R154 13R617R1,982R2,005R894R40R9342010P16 4 (s) 1,307 168 16 738 2,229 2,249 1,070 28 1,0981Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-onlyplants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.2Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).3Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.4Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).7The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the industrialsector.8Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include naturalgas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel—theseare included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.9The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and E85, consumed by thetransportation sector.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in 1949-1978 and 1989forward, and solar/PV.•See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net generation and usefulthermal output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c forrenewable energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-8.11dfor renewable energy electric net summer capacity.•Totals may not equal sum of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources: See end of section.Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power SectorElectric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2010Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2010 Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2010296 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.2Wind electricity net generation.3Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources,landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, alsoincludes non-renewable waste (municipal solidwaste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).4Geothermal electricity net generation.5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation.Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-use sectors.Source: Table 10.2c.1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010012345

Quadrillion BtuGeothermal492425218915313Wind3 Geothermal202004006008001,000

Trillion BtuWood51990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 201002004006008001,000

Trillion BtuWaste3Waste4Hydroelectric Power1Electric Power Sector TotalWood5Solar/PV6Wind2Solar/PV6U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 297**T able 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Trillion Btu)**Year Hydroelectric** **Power**1**Geothermal**2**Solar/PV**3**Wind**4**Biomass Total** **Wood**5**Waste**6**Total**1949 1,349 NA NA NA 6 NA 6 1,3551950 1,346 NA NA NA 5 NA 5 1,3511955 1,322 NA NA NA 3 NA 3 1,3251960 1,569R(s) NA NA 2 NA 2 1,5711965 2,026R2 NA NA 3 NA 3R2,0311970 2,600R6 NA NA 1 2 4R2,6091975 3,122R34 NA NA (s) 2 2R3,1581976 2,943R38 NA NA 1 2 3R2,9831977 2,301R37 NA NA 3 2 5R2,3431978 2,905R31 NA NA 2 1 3R2,9401979 2,897R40 NA NA 3 2 5R2,9421980 2,867R53 NA NA 3 2 5R2,9251981 2,725R59 NA NA 3 1 4R2,7881982 3,233R51 NA NA 2 1 3R3,2861983 3,494R64 NA (s) 2 2 4R3,5621984 3,353R81 (s) (s) 5 4 9R3,4431985 2,937R97 (s) (s) 8 7 14R3,0491986 3,038R108 (s) (s) 5 7 12R3,1581987 2,602R112 (s) (s) 8 7 15R2,7291988 2,302R106 (s) (s) 10 8 17R2,425198972,808R152 3 22 100 132 232R3,2171990 3,014R161 4 29 129 188 317R3,5241991 2,985R167 5 31 126 229 354R3,5421992 2,586R167 4 30 140 262 402R3,1891993 2,861R173 5 31 150 265 415R3,4841994 2,620R160 5 36 152 282 434R3,2551995 3,149R138 5 33 125 296 422R3,7471996 3,528R148 5 33 138 300 438R4,1531997 3,581R150 5 34 137 309 446R4,2161998 3,241R151 5 31 137 308 444R3,8721999 3,218R152 5 46 138 315 453R3,8742000 2,768R144 5 57 134 318 453R3,4272001 2,209R142 6 70 126 211 337R2,7632002 2,650R147 6 105 150 230 380R3,2882003 2,781R148 5 115 167 230 397R3,4452004 2,656R148 6 142 165 223 388R3,3402005 2,670R147 6 178 185 221 406R3,4062006 2,839R145 5 264 182 231 412R3,6652007 2,430R145 6 341 186 237 423R3,3452008 2,494R146 9 546 177 258 435R3,6302009R2,650R146R9R721R180R261R441R3,9672010P2,492 153 13 924 189 252 440 4,0221Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).2Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).3Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuelsheat rate—see Table A6).4Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).5Wood and wood-derived fuels.6Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).7Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat,tothe public.•See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net generation and useful thermal outputfrom renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for renewableenergy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d forrenewable energy electric net summer capacity.•See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at endofSection 8.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for all data beginningin1949.•For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol OverviewOverview, 2010Stocks,31992-2010Consumption,3 1981-2010Fuel Ethanol and Biodiesel Production, 2010298 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101,8307381,122141,118Feedstock1 Losses and Production3 Net Stock Consumption305001,0001,5002,000

Trillion BtuCo-products2Imports3,4Change31992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 201005101520

Million Barrels13.2 Billion Gallonsin 20101985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201003691215

Billion Gallons13.20.3Fuel Ethanol3 Biodiesel02468101214

Billion Gallons1Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuelethanol.2Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.3Includes denaturant.4Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports are not available.Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 299**T able 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2010** **Year Feed** **stock**1**Losses and Co** **products**2**Dena- turant** 3**Production**4**Trade**4**Stocks**4,6**Stock Change** 4,7**Consumption**4**Consumptio n** **Minus Denaturant** 8**Imports Exports** **Net Imports** 5TrillionBtuTrillionBtuThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsMillionGallonsTrillionBtuThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsMillionGallonsTrillionBtuTrillionBtu1981 13 6 40 1,978 83 7 NA NA NA NA NA 1,978 83 771982 34 16 107 5,369 225 19 NA NA NA NA NA 5,369 225 19191983 63 29 198 9,890 415 35 NA NA NA NA NA 9,890 415 35341984 77 35 243 12,150 510 43 NA NA NA NA NA 12,150 510 43421985 93 42 294 14,693 617 52 NA NA NA NA NA 14,693 617 52511986 107 48 339 16,954 712 60 NA NA NA NA NA 16,954 712 60591987 123 55 390 19,497 819 69 NA NA NA NA NA 19,497 819 69681988 124 55 396 19,780 831 70 NA NA NA NA NA 19,780 831 70691989 125 56 401 20,062 843 71 NA NA NA NA NA 20,062 843 71701990 111 49 356 17,802 748 63 NA NA NA NA NA 17,802 748 63621991 128 56 413 20,627 866 73 NA NA NA NA NA 20,627 866 73721992 145 64 469 23,453 985 84 NA NA NA 1,791 NA 23,453 985 84811993 169 74 550 27,484 1,154 98 244 NA 244 2,114 323 27,405 1,151 98951994 188 82 614 30,689 1,289 109 279 NA 279 2,393 279 30,689 1,289 1091061995 198 86 647 32,325 1,358 115 387 NA 387 2,186 -207 32,919 1,383 1171141996 141 61 464 23,178 973 83 313 NA 313 2,065 -121 23,612 992 84821997 186 80 613 30,674 1,288 109 85 NA 85 2,925 860 29,899 1,256 1071041998 202 86 669 33,453 1,405 119 66 NA 66 3,406 481 33,038 1,388 1181151999 211 90 698 34,881 1,465 124 87 NA 87 4,024 618 34,350 1,443 1221192000 233 99 773 38,627 1,622 138 116 NA 116 3,400 -624 39,367 1,653 1401372001 253 108 841 42,028 1,765 150 315 NA 315 4,298 898 41,445 1,741 1481442002 307 130 1,019 50,956 2,140 182 306 NA 306 6,200 1,902 49,360 2,073 1761712003 400 169 1,335 66,772 2,804 238 292 NA 292 5,978 -222 67,286 2,826 2402332004 484 203 1,621 81,058 3,404 289 3,542 NA 3,542 6,002 24 84,576 3,552 3012932005 552 230 1,859 92,961 3,904 331 3,234 NA 3,234 5,563 -439 96,634 4,059 3443352006 688 285 2,326 116,294 4,884 414 17,408 NA 17,408 8,760 3,197 130,505 5,481 4654532007 914 376 3,105 155,263 6,521 553 10,457 NA 10,457 10,535 1,775 163,945 6,886 5845692008 1,300 531 4,433 221,637 9,309 790 12,610 NA 12,610 14,226 3,691 230,556 9,683 8218002009R1,517R616R5,688R260,424R10,938R928R4,720 –R4,720R16,594R2,368R262,776R11,037R936R9102010P1,830 738 6,464 315,018 13,231 1,122 243 – 243 17,94091,229 314,032 13,189 1,1181,0891Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel ethanol.2Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol—these are included in the industrialsector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.3The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.4Includes denaturant.5Net imports equal imports minus exports.6Stocks are at end of year.7A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase.8Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus denaturant are used todevelop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables 10.1-10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.9Derived from the preliminary 2009 stocks value (16,711 thousand barrels), not the final 2009 value(16,594 thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported.Notes:•Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate heat content of fuel ethanol—see Table A3.•Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates. For 1993-2008, only data forfeedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates. Beginning in 2009, only data forfeedstock, and losses and co-products, are estimates.•See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and"Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due toindependent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_monthly/psm.html.Sources:**Feedstock:**Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, andthen multiplied by the fuel ethanol feedstock factor—see Table A3.**Losses and Co-products:**Calculatedas fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production.**Denaturant:**•1981-2008—Datain thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2 percent of fuelethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (theestimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant).•2009 and 2010—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA),annualreport, Table 1, andPetroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),monthly reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrelsfor net production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these dataare converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat contentofpentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor gasoline and motorgasoline blending components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data areconverted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat contentofconventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values for pentanes plus, conventionalmotor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.**Production:**•1981-1992—Fuel ethanolproduction is assumed to equal fuel ethanol consumption—see sources for "Consumption."•1993-2004—Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanolnet imports. These data differ slightly from the original production data from EIA, Form EIA-819, "MonthlyOxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and updated to be consistent withthe final balance.•2005-2008—EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report."•2009—EIA, PSA,Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.•2010—EIA,PSM (February 2011), Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenateplants.**Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change:**•1992-2009—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table1.•2010—EIA, PSM (February 2011), Table 1.**Consumption:**•1981-1989—EIA,Estimates of U.S.Biofuels Consumption 1990,Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, and 1988.•1990-1992—EIA,Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992,Table D2; and interpolatedvalue for 1991.•1993-2004—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16. Calculated as 10 percentofoxygenated finished motor gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16).•2005-2008—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculated as motor gasoline blendingcomponents adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanolrefinery and blender net inputs (Table 15).•2009—EIA, PSA, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refineryand blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments.•2010—EIA, PSM (February 2011), Table1.Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments.**Consumptio n** **Minus Denaturant:**Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption minus the amount of denaturant in fuelethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuelethanol produced by the fuel ethanol consumption-to-production ratio.Figure 10.4 Biodiesel OverviewOverview, 2010Consumption, 2001-2010300 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 201040140313128Feedstock1 Losses and Production Imports Exports Stock Consumption02550

Trillion BtuChangeCo-Products22001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100100200300400

Million Gallons222 Million Gallonsin 20101Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.2Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 301**T able 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2010** **Year Feedstock** 1**Losses and Co-products** 2**Production Trade** **Stocks**4**Stock Change** 5**Balancing Item** 6**Consumption Imports** **Exports Net** **Imports**3TrillionBtuTrillionBtuThousandBarrelsMillionGallonsTrillionBtuThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsThousandBarrelsMillionGallonsTrillionBtu2001 1 (s) 204 9 1 78 39 39 NA NA NA 243 10 12002 1 (s) 250 10 1 191 56 135 NA NA NA 385 16 22003 2 (s) 338 14 2 94 110 -16 NA NA NA 322 14 22004 4 (s) 666 28 4 97 124 -26 NA NA NA 640 27 32005 12 (s) 2,162 91 12 207 206 1 NA NA NA 2,163 91 122006 32 (s) 5,963 250 32 1,069 828 242 NA NA NA 6,204 261 332007 63 1 11,662 490 62 3,342 6,477 -3,135 NA NA NA 8,528 358 462008 88 1 16,145 678 87 7,502 16,128 -8,626 NA NA NA 7,519 316 402009R65 1R12,054R506R65 1,844 6,332 -4,489R711R711R682R7,537R317R402010P40 1 7,401 311 40 546 2,503 -1,958 6627156 0 5,288 222 281Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.2Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, andother non-biomass energy used in the production of biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sectorconsumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.3Net imports equal imports minus exports.4Stocks are at end of year.5A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase.6Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data sources, "Balancing Item"is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.7Derived from the preliminary 2009 stocks value (506 thousand barrels), not the final 2009 value (711thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes:•Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, andare converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content ofbiodiesel—see Table A3).•Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates.•Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/biodiesel/biodiesel.pdf for relatedinformation.Sources:**Feedstock:**Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 millionBtu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factor—see Table A3).**Losses and Co-products:**Calculated asbiodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production.**Production:**•2001-2005—U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived fromquarterly data.•2006—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).Inaddition, EIA estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow grease were consumed in methyl esters(biodiesel).•2007—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).•2008 and 2009—EIA,Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 2009(release date October2010), Table 11.•2010—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).**Trade:**U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports data for Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes 3824.90.40.20,"Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (for data through June 2010), and 3824.90.40.30,"Biodiesel/Mixes" (for data beginning in July 2010); and exports data for Schedule B code 3824.90.40.00,"Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture." Although these categories include products other thanbiodiesel (such as those destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largestcomponent. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as goodestimates.**Stocks**and**Stock Change:**•2009—EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual,annual reports, Table1,data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.•2010—EIA,Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),monthlyreports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.**Balancing Item:**•2009 and2010—Calculated as biodiesel consumption and biodiesel stock change minus biodiesel production andbiodiesel net imports.**Consumption:**•2001-2008—Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel netimports.•2009—Calculated as the sum of the monthly consumption data. Data for January and February2009 are from EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuelsexcept fuel ethanol. Data for March-December 2009 are calculated as biodiesel production plus biodieselnet imports minus biodiesel stock change.•2010—Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel netimports minus biodiesel stock change.Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel ConsumptionVehicles in Use, 1995-2009 Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2009Fuel Consumption, 1995-2009 Fuel Consumption by Type, 2009302 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used asalternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Compressed natural gas.4Liquefied natural gas.(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.Source: Table 10.5.2472652802953223954254715345655926356967768261995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 200902004006008001,000

Thousand Vehicles504147114573(s)Ethanol1 LPG2 CNG3 Electricity Hydrogen0100200300400500600

Thousand VehiclesLNG4LNG42782973153263053253523824034294214184154304311995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20090100200300400500

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons20013071265(ss)CNG3 LPG2 Ethanol1 Electricity Hydrogen050100150200250

Million Gasoline-Equivalent GallonsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 303**T able 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2009** **Year Alternative and Replacement Fuels** 1**Liquefied Petroleum** **Gases Compressed** **Natural Gas** **Liquefied Natural** **Gas Methanol,** **85 Percent (M85)** 3**Methanol, Neat** **(M100)**4**Ethanol, 85 Percent** **(E85)**3,5**Ethanol, 95 Percent** **(E95)**3**Elec tricity** 6**Hydro- gen** **Other Fuels** 7**Subtotal Oxygenates** 2**Bio diesel** 10**Total Methyl Tertiary** **Butyl Ether**8**Ethanol in Gasohol** 9**Total Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use** 11(number)1992 NA 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1,607 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1993 NA 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1,690 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1994 NA 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 2,224 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 172,806 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 2,860 0 0 246,855 NA NA NA NA NA1996 175,585 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 3,280 0 0 265,006 NA NA NA NA NA1997 175,679 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 4,453 0 0 280,205 NA NA NA NA NA1998 177,183 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 5,243 0 0 295,030 NA NA NA NA NA1999 178,610 91,267 1,681 18,964 198 24,604 14 6,964 0 0 322,302 NA NA NA NA NA2000 181,994 100,750 2,090 10,426 0 87,570 4 11,830 0 0 394,664 NA NA NA NA NA2001 185,053 111,851 2,576 7,827 0 100,303 0 17,847 0 0 425,457 NA NA NA NA NA2002 187,680 120,839 2,708 5,873 0 120,951 0 33,047 0 0 471,098 NA NA NA NA NA2003 190,369 114,406 2,640 0 0 179,090 0 47,485 9 0 533,999 NA NA NA NA NA2004 182,864 118,532 2,717 0 0 211,800 0 49,536 43 0 565,492 NA NA NA NA NA2005 173,795 117,699 2,748 0 0 246,363 0 51,398 119 3 592,125 NA NA NA NA NA2006 164,846 116,131 2,798 0 0 297,099 0 53,526 159 3 634,562 NA NA NA NA NA2007 158,254 114,391 2,781 0 0 364,384 0 55,730 223 3 695,766 NA NA NA NA NA2008 151,049 113,973 3,101 0 0 450,327 0 56,901 313 3 775,667 NA NA NA NA NA2009P147,030 114,270 3,176 0 0 504,297 0 57,185 357 3 826,318 NA NA NA NA NA**Fuel Consumption**12(thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)1992 NA 17,159 598 1,121 2,672 22 87 359 NA NA NA 1,175,964 719,408 1,895,372 NA NA1993 NA 22,035 1,944 1,671 3,321 49 82 288 NA NA NA 2,070,897 779,958 2,850,854 NA NA1994 NA 24,643 2,398 2,455 3,347 82 144 430 NA NA NA 2,020,455 868,113 2,888,569 NA NA1995 233,178 35,865 2,821 2,122 2,255 195 1,021 663 0 0 278,121 2,693,407 934,615 3,628,022 NA 3,906,1421996 239,648 47,861 3,320 1,862 364 712 2,770 773 0 0 297,310 2,751,955 677,537 3,429,492 NA 3,726,8021997 238,845 66,495 3,798 1,630 364 1,314 1,166 1,010 0 0 314,621 3,106,745 852,514 3,959,260 NA 4,273,8801998 241,881 73,859 5,463 1,271 471 1,772 61 1,202 0 0 325,980 2,905,781 912,858 3,818,639 NA 4,144,6201999 210,247 81,211 5,959 1,126 469 4,019 64 1,524 0 0 304,618 3,405,390 975,255 4,380,645 NA 4,685,2632000 213,012 88,478 7,423 614 0 12,388 13 3,058 0 0 324,986 3,298,803 1,114,313 4,413,116 6,828 4,744,9302001 216,319 106,584 9,122 461 0 15,007 0 4,066 0 0 351,558 3,354,949 1,173,323 4,528,272 10,627 4,890,4572002 223,600 123,081 9,593 354 0 18,250 0 7,274 0 0 382,152 3,122,859 1,450,721 4,573,580 16,824 4,972,5562003 224,697 133,222 13,503 0 0 26,376 0 5,141 2 0 402,941 2,368,400 1,919,572 4,287,972 14,082 4,704,9952004 211,883 158,903 20,888 0 0 31,581 0 5,269 8 0 428,532 1,877,300 2,414,167 4,291,467 27,616 4,747,6152005 188,171 166,878 22,409 0 0 38,074 0 5,219 25 2 420,778 1,654,500 2,756,663 4,411,163 93,281 4,925,2222006 173,130 172,011 23,474 0 0 44,041 0 5,104 41 2 417,803 435,000 3,729,168 4,164,168 267,623 4,849,5942007 152,360 178,565 24,594 0 0 54,091 0 5,037 66 2 414,715 0 4,694,304 4,694,304 367,764 5,476,7832008 147,784 189,358 25,554 0 0 62,464 0 5,050 117 2 430,329 0 6,442,781 6,442,781 324,329 7,197,4392009P129,631 199,513 25,652 0 0 71,213 0 4,956 140 2 431,107 0 7,343,133 7,343,133 325,102 8,099,3421See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary.2See "Oxygenates" in Glossary.3Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.4One hundred percent methanol.5Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarilyfleet-operated vechicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehiclemanufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2009, the U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable ofoperating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 10 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used astraditional gasoline-powered vehicles.6Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids.7May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternativefuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995.8In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).9Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.10"Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"in Glossary.11"Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of eachcalendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration vehicles that are not ready for deliverytoend users. See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.12Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common base unit of gasoline-equivalent gallonstoallow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivalent gallons do not represent gasolinedisplacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the gross heat content of the replacement fuelby the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate heat content of 122,619 Btu per gallon) andmultiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources:•1992-1994—Science Applications International Corporation, "Alternative TransportationFuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final report prepared for the EIA, (McLean, VA, July1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Data wererevised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For a table of gross and net heat contents, see EIA,Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels: An Overview(June 1994), Table 22.•1995-2002—EIA,"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003 Estimated Data" (February 2004), Tables 1 and 10,and unpublished revisions. Data were revised by using gross instead of net heat contents.•2003forward—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels," annual reports, Tables V1 and C1, andunpublished revisions.Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and TradeTotal Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2009 Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2009 Price of Total Shipments, 1986-2009Number of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-1984 Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 1974-1984 and 1986-2009and 1986-2009304 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2Collectors that generally operate in thetemperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operateat temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit. Special collectors–evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors–are included in the medium-temperature category.3Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.Notes: • Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include importsthat subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. • Data were not collectedfor 1985.Source: Table 10.6.1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200506121824

Million Square Feet1990 1995 2000 2005036912

Dollars1 per Square Foot1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050123456

Million Square FeetImportsMedium-TemperatureCollectors2ExportsLow-TemperatureCollectors3Medium-TemperatureCollectors21975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050100200300

Number1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200503006009001,2001,5001,800

Thousand Square FeetLow-TemperatureCollectors3U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 305**T able 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009** (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)**Year Low-Temperature Collectors** 1**Medium-Temperature Collectors**2**High-Temperature Collectors**3**Total Shipments Trade** **Number of U.S.** **Manu facturers** **Quantity Shipped** **Shipments per** **Manu facturer** **Price**4(dollars5persquare foot)**Number of U.S.** **Manu facturers** **Quantity Shipped** **Shipments per** **Manu facturer** **Price**4(dollars5persquare foot)**Quantity Shipped** **Price**4(dollars5persquare foot)**Quantity Shipped** **Price**4(dollars5persquare foot)**Imports Exports** 1974 6 1,137 190 NA 39 137 4 NA NA NA 1,274 NA NA NA1975 13 3,026 233 NA 118 717 6 NA NA NA 3,743 NA NA NA1976 19 3,876 204 NA 203 1,925 10 NA NA NA 5,801 NA NA NA1977 52 4,743 91 NA 297 5,569 19 NA NA NA 10,312 NA NA NA1978 69 5,872 85 NA 204 4,988 25 NA NA NA 10,860 NA 396 8401979 84 8,394 100 NA 257 5,856 23 NA NA NA 14,251 NA 290 8551980 79 12,233 155 NA 250 7,165 29 NA NA NA 19,398 NA 235 1,1151981 75 8,677 116 NA 263 11,456 44 NA NA NA 21,133 NA 196 7711982 61 7,476 123 NA 248 11,145 45 NA NA NA 18,621 NA 418 4551983 55 4,853 88 NA 179 11,975 67 NA NA NA 16,828 NA 511 1591984 48 4,479 93 NA 206 11,939 58 NA 773 NA 17,191 NA 621 34819856NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA1986 22 3,751 171 2.30 87 1,111 13 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 6.14 473 2241987 12 3,157 263 2.18 50 957 19 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 4.82 691 1821988 8 3,326 416 2.24 45 732 16 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 4.56 814 1581989 10 4,283 428 2.60 36 1,989 55 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 10.92 1,233 4611990 12 3,645 304 2.90 41 2,527 62 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 9.86 1,562 2451991 16 5,585 349 2.90 41 989 24 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 4.26 1,543 3321992 16 6,187 387 2.50 34 897 26 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 3.58 1,650 3161993 13 6,025 464 2.80 33 931 28 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 3.96 2,039 4111994 16 6,823 426 2.54 31 803 26 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 3.74 1,815 4051995 14 6,813 487 2.32 26 840 32 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 3.30 2,037 5301996 14 6,821 487 2.67 19 785 41 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 3.91 1,930 4541997 13 7,524 579 2.60 21 606 29 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 3.56 2,102 3791998 12 7,292 607 2.83 19 443 23 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 3.66 2,206 3601999 13 8,152 627 2.08 20 427 21 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 3.05 2,352 5372000 11 7,948 723 2.09 16 400 25 W 5 W 8,354 3.28 2,201 4962001 10 10,919 1,092 2.15 17 268 16 W 2 W 11,189 2.90 3,502 8402002 13 11,126 856 1.97 17 535 31 W 2 W 11,663 2.85 3,068 6592003 12 10,877 906 2.08 17 560 33 W 7 W 11,444 3.19 2,986 5182004 9 13,608 1,512 1.80 17 506 30 19.30 – – – 14,114 2.43 3,723 8132005 10 15,224 1,522 2.00 17 702 41 W 115 W 16,041 2.86 4,546 1,3612006 11 15,546 1,413 1.95 35 1,346 38 W 3,852 W 20,744 5.84 4,244 1,2112007 13 13,323 1,025 1.97 51 1,797 35 W 33 W 15,153 3.95 3,891 1,3762008 11 14,015 1,274 1.89 62 2,560 41R19.57 388 11.96 16,963 4.80 5,517 2,2472009 13 10,511 809 1.94 73 2,307 32 27.32 980 25.32 13,798 7.01 3,456 1,5771Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below110°F.2Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140°F to 180°F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110°F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).3High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above180°F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer, and the collectors areused by the electric power sector to build new central station solar thermal power plants and generateelectricity. Year-to-year fluctations depend on how much new capacity is brought online.4Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising andwarranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.5Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.6No data are available for 1985.R=Revised. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. – – =Not applicable. W=Value withheld to avoiddisclosure of proprietary company data.Notes:•Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.•Manufacturers producing more than onetype of collector are accounted for in both groups.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources:•1974-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Solar Collector ManufacturingActivity,annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," andpredecessor forms.•1993-2002—EIA,Renewable Energy Annual,annual reports, and Form EIA-63A,"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and predecessor form.•2003 forward—EIA,Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities(and predecessor reports), annual reports, and FormEIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End-Use, and Type, 2009End Use Market Sector Type of CollectorEnd Use by Type of Collector306 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Combined space and water heating.2Space heating, combined heating, and space cooling.3Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.4Collectors that generally operate in thetemperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operateat temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit.5Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 180 degrees Fahrenheit.6Water heating and combined heating.7Space cooling, process heating, and electricity generation.(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.7.8.92.00.60.41.0Pool Water Process Electri- Other20481216

Million Square Feet9.02.31.0Low- Medium- High0481216

Million Square FeetPower10.21.00.60.4Residen- Commer- Indus- Electric0481216

Million Square FeetHeatingTemperature3Temperature5Temperature4cityGenerationtrialcialHeating tialHeatingHeating Heating18.90.1(s)2.00.10.10.1(s)0.60.4(s)Pool Space Other Water Combined Space Pool Other Process Electricity Space0481216

Million Square Feet6Heating Heating Heating Heating CoolingLow-Temperature Collectors3Medium-Temperature Collectors4High-Temperature Collectors57HeatingGenerationU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 307**T able 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009** (Thousand Square Feet)**Year and Type** **By Market Sector By End Use** **Total Residential** **Commercial**1**Industrial**2**Electric Power** 3**Other**4**Pool Heating** **Water Heating** **Space Heating** **Space Cooling** **Combined Heating** 5**Process Heating** **Electricity Generation** **Total Shipments**6**2 001 Total** ....**10,125 1,012 17 1 35 10,797 274 70 0 12 34 2 11,189**Low7.......... 9,885 987 12 0 34 10,782 42 61 0 0 34 0 10,919Medium8.... 240 24 5 0 1 16 232 9 0 12 0 0 268High9.......... 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2**2 002 Total** ....**11,000 595 62 4 1 11,073 423 146 (s) 17 4 0 11,663**Low7.......... 10,519 524 2 0 0 11,045 1 0 0 0 0 0 11,046Medium8.... 481 69 60 4 1 28 422 146 (s) 15 4 0 615High9.......... 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2**2 003 Total** ....**10,506 864 71 0 2 10,800 511 76 (s) 23 34 0 11,444**Low7.......... 9,993 813 71 0 0 10,778 0 65 0 0 34 0 10,877Medium8.... 513 44 0 0 2 22 511 11 (s) 16 0 0 560High9.......... 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 7**2 004 Total** ....**12,864 1,178 70 0 3 13,634 452 13 0 16 0 0 14,115**Low7.......... 12,386 1,178 44 0 0 13,600 0 8 0 0 0 0 13,608Medium8.... 478 0 26 0 3 33 452 5 0 16 0 0 506High9.......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0**2 005 Total** ....**14,681 1,160 31 114 56 15,041 640 228 2 16 0 114 16,041**Low7.......... 14,045 1,099 30 0 50 15,022 12 190 0 0 0 0 15,224Medium8.... 636 58 1 0 6 20 628 38 0 16 0 0 702High9.......... 0 2 0 114 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 114 115**2 006 Total** ....**15,123 1,626 42 3,845 107 15,362 1,136 330 3 66 0 3,847 20,744**Low7.......... 13,906 1,500 40 0 100 15,225 10 290 0 21 0 0 15,546Medium8.... 1,217 120 2 0 7 137 1,126 40 3 38 0 2 1,346High9.......... 0 7 0 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 3,845 3,852**Domestic Shipments**6**2 007 Total** ....**12,799 931 46 1 – 12,076 1,393 189 13 73 27 6 13,777**Low7.......... 11,352 633 – 1 – 11,917 4 63 – – – 1 11,986Medium8.... 1,447 298 18 – – 158 1,389 126 13 73 – 5 1,764High9.......... – (s) 27 – – – (s) – – – 27 – 27**2 008 Total** ....**13,000 1,294 128 294 – 11,973 1,978 186 18 148 50 361 14,716**Low7.......... 10,983 918 – – – 11,880 8 10 – 2 – – 11,900Medium8.... 2,017 376 33 6 – 93 1,971 176 18 141 21 12 2,432High9.......... – – 95 289 – – – – – 5 29 349 383**2 009 Total** ....**10,239 974 634 374 – 8,934 1,992 150 10 137 608 389 12,221**Low7.......... 8,423 526 11 – – 8,882 7 61 – 9 – – 8,959Medium8.... 1,816 439 29 – – 52 1,985 89 (s) 128 14 15 2,284High9.......... – 10 594 374 – – – – 10 – 594 374 9781Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.2Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."3Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.4Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excludingspace applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector.5Combined space and water heating.6Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domesticshipments only.7Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below110°F.8Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140°F to 180°F, but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110°F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).9High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above180°F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by the electric power sector to generateelectricity for the electric grid.– =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources:•2000-2002—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Renewable Energy Annual,annual reports, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."•2003forward—EIA,Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities(and predecessor reports), annual reports,and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."Figure 10.8 PhotovoltaicCell and Module Shipments, Trade, and PricesNumber of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2009 Total Shipments, 1982-2009Trade, 1983-2009 Prices, 1989-2009308 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped todomestic and foreign customers.Source: Table 10.8.1918231517 1714171923211922242521 21192119 192019294146661011982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008020406080100120

Number2009:1,283 thousandpeak kilowattsImports1985 1990 1995 2000 200502004006008001,0001,2001,400

Thousand Peak KilowattsModules1985 1990 1995 2000 20050200400600800

Thousand Peak Kilowatts1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 200801234567

Dollars1 per Peak WattExportsCellsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 309**T able 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2009** **Year U.S. Companies** **Reporting Shipments** **Shipments Trade** **Prices**1**Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Silicon** **Total**2**Imports Exports** **Modules Cells** NumberPeak Kilowatts3Dollars4per Peak Watt31982 19 NA NA 6,897 NA NA NA NA1983 18 NA NA 12,620 NA 1,903 NA NA1984 23 NA NA 9,912 NA 2,153 NA NA1985 15 5,461 303 5,769 285 1,670 NA NA1986 17 5,806 516 6,333 678 3,109 NA NA1987 17 5,613 1,230 6,850 921 3,821 NA NA1988 14 7,364 1,895 9,676 1,453 5,358 NA NA1989 17 10,747 1,628 12,825 826 7,363 5.14 3.081990519 12,492 1,321513,837 1,398 7,544 5.69 3.841991 23 14,205 723 14,939 2,059 8,905 6.12 4.081992 21 14,457 1,075 15,583 1,602 9,823 6.11 3.211993 19 20,146 782 20,951 1,767 14,814 5.24 5.231994 22 24,785 1,061 26,077 1,960 17,714 4.46 2.971995 24 29,740 1,266 31,059 1,337 19,871 4.56 2.531996 25 33,996 1,445 35,464 1,864 22,448 4.09 2.801997 21 44,314 1,886 46,354 1,853 33,793 4.16 2.781998 21 47,186 3,318 50,562 1,931 35,493 3.94 3.151999 19 73,461 3,269 76,787 4,784 55,585 3.62 2.322000 21 85,155 2,736 88,221 8,821 68,382 3.46 2.402001 19 84,651 12,541 97,666 10,204 61,356 3.42 2.462002 19 104,123 7,396 112,090 7,297 66,778 3.74 2.122003 20 97,940 10,966 109,357 9,731 60,693 3.17 1.862004 19 159,138 21,978 181,116 47,703 102,770 2.99 1.922005 29 172,965 53,826 226,916 90,981 92,451 3.19 2.172006 41 233,518 101,766 337,268 173,977 130,757 3.50 2.032007 46 310,330 202,519 517,684 238,018 237,209 3.37 2.222008 66 665,795 293,182 986,504 586,558 462,252 3.49 1.942009 101 984,161 266,547 1,282,560 743,414 681,427 2.79 1.271Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising andwarranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.2Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications.3See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary.4Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.5Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990.NA=Not available.Note: Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources:•1982-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Solar Collector ManufacturingActivity,annual reports.•1993-2002—EIA,Renewable Energy Annual,annual reports.•2003 forward—EIA,Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities(and predecessor reports),annual reports.Figure 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2009By End UseBy Market Sector310 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Electricity for general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system.2Electric utilities and independent power producers.3Industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in “Electric Power.”Source: Table 10.9.585.28.13.51.81.0 0.90.4 0.3Grid-Interactive Remote Electric Original Communications Transportation Water Health Consumer0100200300400500600700

Thousand Peak KilowattsElectric Generation EquipmentManufacturersPumping GoodsGeneration1282.3221.253.643.40.5Commercial Residential Electric Power2 Industrial3 Transportation050100150200250300

Thousand Peak KilowattsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 311**T able 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2009** (Peak Kilowatts1)**Year By Market Sector** **By End Use Total** **Resi dential** **Com- mercial** 3**Govern- ment** **Indus- trial** 4**Trans- portation** **Electric Power** 5**Other**6**Commun- ications** **Consumer Goods** **Electricity Generation**2**Health Original** **Equipment Manu** **facturers**7**Trans- portation** **Water Pumping** **Other**8**Grid- Interactive** **Remote Total Shipments** 91989 1,439 3,850 1,077 3,993 1,130 785 551 2,590 2,788 1,251 2,620 5 1,595 1,196 711 69 12,8251990 1,701 6,086 1,002 2,817 974 826 432 4,340 2,484 469 3,097 5 1,119 1,069 1,014 240 13,8371991 3,624 3,345 815 3,947 1,555 1,275 377 3,538 3,312 856 3,594 61 1,315 1,523 729 13 14,9391992 4,154 2,386 1,063 4,279 1,673 1,553 477 3,717 2,566 1,227 4,238 67 828 1,602 809 530 15,5831993 5,237 4,115 1,325 5,352 2,564 1,503 856 3,846 946 1,096 5,761 674 2,023 4,238 2,294 74 20,9511994 6,632 5,429 2,114 6,855 2,174 2,364 510 5,570 3,239 2,296 9,253 79 1,849 2,128 1,410 254 26,0771995 6,272 8,100 2,000 7,198 2,383 3,759 1,347 5,154 1,025 4,585 8,233 776 3,188 4,203 2,727 1,170 31,0591996 8,475 5,176 3,126 8,300 3,995 4,753 1,639 6,041 1,063 4,844 10,884 977 2,410 5,196 3,261 789 35,4641997 10,993 8,111 3,909 11,748 3,574 5,651 2,367 7,383 347 8,273 8,630 1,303 5,245 6,705 3,783 4,684 46,3541998 15,936 8,460 2,808 13,232 3,440 3,965 2,720 8,280 1,198 14,193 8,634 1,061 5,044 6,356 4,306 1,491 50,5621999 19,817 17,283 3,107 24,972 4,341 5,876 1,392 12,147 2,292 24,782 10,829 1,466 12,400 8,486 4,063 322 76,7872000 24,814 13,692 4,417 28,808 5,502 6,298 4,690 12,269 2,870 21,713 14,997 2,742 12,153 12,804 5,644 3,028 88,2212001 33,262 15,710 5,728 28,063 8,486 5,846 571 14,743 4,059 27,226 21,447 3,203 6,268 12,636 7,444 641 97,6662002 29,315 20,578 8,565 32,218 12,932 7,640 841 17,290 3,400 33,983 21,693 4,202 7,869 16,028 7,532 93 112,0902003 23,389 32,604 5,538 27,951 11,089 8,474 313 14,185 2,995 42,485 15,025 2,924 11,334 14,143 6,073 194 109,3572004 53,928 74,509 3,257 30,493 1,380 3,233 14,316 11,348 6,444 129,265 18,371 341 6,452 1,380 1,322 6,193 181,1162005 75,040 89,459 28,683 22,199 1,621 143 9,772 8,666 5,787 168,474 24,958 0 11,677 2,159 1,343 3,853 226,9162006 95,815 180,852 7,688 28,618 2,458 3,981 17,857 6,888 4,030 274,197 18,003 0 6,132 2,438 2,093 23,487 337,268**Domestic Shipments**92007 68,41710140,43410( ) 32,702 3,627 35,294 – – 2,836 589 253,101 10,867 410 4,802 4,018 3,852 – – 280,4752008 173,98910253,85210( ) 51,493 9,100 35,819 – – 2,622 312 500,854 15,527 217 2,659 916 1,145 – – 524,2522009 221,24510282,27310( ) 43,445 534 53,636 – – 1,817 290 585,189 8,119 381 3,455 961 923 – – 601,1331See "Peak Killowatt" in Glossary.2Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity forgeneral use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residentialsite or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation, but only for thespecific use cited.3Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in"Government." Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.4Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."5Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.6Through 2006, data are for shipments for specialty purposes such as research.7"Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaictechnology into existing or newly developed product lines.8Through 2006, includes applications such as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.9Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domesticshipments only.10Beginning in 2007, the government sector is included in "Commercial."– – =Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources:•1989-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Solar Collector ManufacturingActivity,annual reports.•1993-2002—EIA,Renewable Energy Annual,annual reports.•2003 forward—EIA,Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities(and predecessor reports),annual reports.Renewable EnergyNote. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption.In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and10.1, renewable energy consumption consistsof: conventional hydroelectricity netgeneration (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6); geothermalelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see TableA6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal andphotovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heatrate—see Table A6), and solar thermal directuse energy; wind electricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenicsources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and losses andco-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and10.1, renewable energy production is assumed to equal consumption for all renewableenergy sources except biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to theproduction of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).Table 10.2a SourcesResidential Sector, Geothermal:Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Residential Sector, Solar/PV:U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form EIA-63A, “Annual Solar Thermal Collector ManufacturersSurvey,” and Form EIA-63B, “Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell ManufacturersSurvey.”Residential Sector, Wood:• 1949–1979: EIA,Estimates of U.S. Wood EnergyConsumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,“Residential Energy Consumption Survey”; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA457 and regional heating degree-day data.Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power:EIA,Annual Energy Review (AER),Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Geothermal:Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Commercial Sector, Solar/PV:EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Wind:2009 and 2010: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Wood:• 1949–1979: EIA,Estimates of U.S. Wood EnergyConsumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA,Estimates of U.S.Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA estimate based onthe 1983 value. • 1985–1988: Values interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER,Table 8.7c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-871, “Commercial BuildingsEnergy Consumption Survey.”Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste:EIA, AER, Table 8.7c.Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant):EIA, AER, Tables 5.11,5.13a, and 10.3. Calculated as commercial sector motor gasoline consumption(Table 5.13a) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), andthen multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).Table 10.2b SourcesIndustrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power:• 1949–1988: U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA),Annual Energy Review(AER), Tables 8.1 and A6. • 1989forward: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Industrial Sector, Geothermal:Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Industrial Sector, Solar/PV:2010: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Industrial Sector, Wood:• 1949–1979: EIA,Estimates of U.S. Wood EnergyConsumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA,Estimates of U.S.Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA,Estimates ofU.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.• 1987: EIA,Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987,Table 2. • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c; andEIA estimates based on Form EIA-846, “Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.”Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste:• 1981: EIA,Estimates of U.S. BiofuelsConsumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sectorwaste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). • 1982 and 1983: EIA estimates for totalwaste consumption based onEstimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990Table 8,minus electric power waste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). • 1984: EIA,Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (seeAER, Table 10.2c). • 1985 and 1986: Valuesinterpolated. • 1987: EIA,Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, totalwaste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (see AER, Table10.2c). • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c; and EIA,estimates based on information presented in Government Advisory Associates,ResourceRecovery YearbookandMethane Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane Outreach Program.Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant):EIA, AER, Tables 5.11,5.13b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table5.13b) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and thenmultiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products:EIA, AER, Table 10.3 and 10.4.Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and co-products (Table 10.3) plus biodiesel lossesand co-products (Table 10.4).Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant):EIA, AER, Tables5.11, 5.13c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 5.13c) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11),and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)consumption (Table 10.3).Transportation Sector, Biodiesel:EIA, AER, Table 10.4.312 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 201011. EnvironmentFigure 11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse GasesBy Type of Gas, 2009 Based on Global Warming Potential, by Type of Gas, 2009Based on Global Warming Potential, 1990-2009 Change 1990-2009, Based on Global Warming Potential314 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Metric tons of carbon dioxidecan be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.2Methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6.(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.(ss)= Less than 0.5 percent.- - = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.Notes: • HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbons; and SF6=sulfur hexafluoride.• Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for comparison, see emissions based onglobal warming potential by type of gas.Source: Table 11.1.PFCsSF6TotalPFCsSF65.450.03(s) - -Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs0123456

Billion Metric Tons of Gas5.450.730.220.18Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs0123456

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide EquivalentOther21990 1995 2000 200502468 Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent+8-5(ss)+75+7Carbon Methane Nitrous HFCs Total-30-150153045607590-30

PercentCarbon Dioxide1Dioxide PFCsSF6OxideU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 315**T able 11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2009** **Year**Greenhouse Gases**Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Warming Potential**1**Carbon Dioxide**2,3**Methane Nitrous** **Oxide HFCs** **PFCs SF** 6**Carbon Dioxide** 2,3**Methane Nitrous** **Oxide HFCs** **PFCs SF** 6**Total Energy** **Related**4**U.S. Territories** 5**Bunker Fuels** 6**Other Sources** 7**Total**Million Metric Tons of GasMillion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent21990R5,039 32 -114 85R5,041R30.8R0.7 – –R5,041R769R221 102R6,1331991R4,996 36 -121 86R4,997R30.8R.7 – –R4,997R770R223 93R6,0831992R5,093 36 -111 88R5,106R30.9R.8 – –R5,106R772R228R97R6,2041993R5,185 38R-101 94R5,217R29.8R.8 – –R5,217R744R229 97R6,2871994R5,258 41 -99 97R5,297R29.8R.8 – –R5,297R745R241 100R6,3841995R5,314 39 -102 102R5,353R29.3R.8 – –R5,353R733R236 119R6,4421996R5,501 38 -103 104R5,540R28.9R.8 – –R5,540R722R238 130R6,6301997R5,575 39 -111 104R5,608R28.3R.8 – –R5,608R706R224R138R6,6761998R5,622 41 -116 96R5,644R27.5R.7 – –R5,644R688R222R154R6,7081999R5,682 41R-111 97R5,709R26.8R.7 – –R5,709R669R220R152R6,7502000R5,867 43R-107 98R5,900R26.5R.7 – –R5,900R663R218R154R6,9352001R5,759 54R-103 97R5,808R26.0R.7 – –R5,808R649R211R141R6,8092002R5,809 53R-93 98R5,867R26.0R.7 – –R5,867R651R210R152R6,8802003R5,857 57R-90 99R5,923R26.4R.7 – –R5,923R661R212R145R6,9412004R5,975 61R-106 102R6,031R26.5R.7 – –R6,031R662R222R157R7,0722005R5,996 58R-103 103R6,055R26.8R.8 – –R6,055R669R224R161R7,1092006R5,918R60R-122 106R5,962R27.1R.8 – –R5,962R679R224R164R7,0272007R6,022R57R-125R105R6,060R27.6R.8 – –R6,060R691R229R171R7,1502008R5,838R50R-126 104R5,866R29.0R.7 – –R5,866R724R223R170R6,9832009 5,425 47 -113 87 5,446 29.2 .7 – – 5,446 731 220 178 6,5751Emissions of greenhouse gases are weighted based upon their relative global warming potential(GWP), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one (see 100-year net global warming potentials athttp://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/pdf/tbl5.pdf). See "Global Warming Potential" inGlossary.2Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.3Excludes carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Note, "Accounting forCarbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section.4U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: fossil fuel combustion; the nonfuel use of fossil fuels; and electricpower sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. Geographic coverage is the 50 Statesand the District of Columbia.5U.S. Territories’ energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Geographic coverage is American Samoa,Guam, Puerto Rico, U.S. Pacific Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. According to the "UnitedNations Framework on Climate Change" (UNFCC), emissions from the U.S. Territories are included in theU.S. inventory.6U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from bunker fuels (marine, aviation, and military). According to theUNFCC, emissions from bunker fuels are excluded from the U.S. inventory.7U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: cement manufacture; limestone consumption; flaring of naturalgas at the wellhead, and carbon dioxide scrubbed from natural gas; soda ash manufacture andconsumption; carbon dioxide manufacture; aluminum manufacture; shale oil production; and wastecombustion in the commercial and industrial sectors.R=Revised. – – =Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.Notes:•HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluorocarbons; and SF6= sulfur hexafluoride.•Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of humanactivities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from naturalsources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included.•Because of the continuing goal to improveestimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping withthe latest findings of the international scientific community. Revisions reflect updates to GWP estimates, aswell as to energy consumption data and updated emission factors, where applicable.•Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:**Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide:**Table 11.2.**Total Carbon Dioxide (columns 5 and 9 ):** Calculated as the sum of columns 1-4.**Methane (column 6):**Table 11.4.**Nitrous Oxide (column 7 ):** Table 11.5.**Total Greenhouse Gases:**Calculated as the sum of columns 9-12.**All Other Data:**U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA),Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2009(March 2011), Tables 1, 15, and 16.Figure 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy ConsumptionTotal1 1949-2010 Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1949-2010By Major Source, 1949-2010 By Biomass1 Source, 2010316 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20102010: 5.6Billion MetricTons1990: 5.0Billion MetricTons1 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions.See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.2Metric tons of carbon dioxidecan be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.3Based on chained (2005) dollars.Sources: Tables 1.5, 11.2, and 11.3a-11.3e.1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201001234567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2Real3Gross Domestic ProductEnergy-RelatedCarbon DioxideEmissions1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100200400600800

Index 1949=1000.1860.0740.0410.002Wood Fuel Ethanol Waste Biodiesel0.000.050.100.150.20

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2CoalNatural Gas1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2PetroleumU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 317**T able 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1)**Year Coal** 3**Natural Gas** 4**Petroleum Total** 2,9**Biomass**2**Aviation Gasoline** **Distillate Fuel Oil** 5**Jet Fuel** **Kero sene** **LPG**6**Lubri- cants** **Motor Gasoline** 7**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Other**8**Total Wood** 10**Waste**11**Fuel Ethanol** 12**Bio- diesel** **Total**1949 1,118 270 12 140 NA 42 13 7 329 8 244 25 820 2,207145 NA NA NA 1451950 1,152 313 14 168 NA 48 16 9 357 8 273 26 918 2,382147 NA NA NA 1471955 1,038 472 24 247 21 48 27 10 473 13 274 38 1,175 2,685134 NA NA NA 1341960 915 650 21 291 53 41 42 10 543 29 275 45 1,349 2,914124 NA NA NA 1241965 1,075 828 15 330 87 40 57 11 627 39 289 65 1,559 3,462125 NA NA NA 1251970 1,134 1,144 7 394 141 39 78 11 789 41 396 85 1,983 4,261134 (s) NA NA 1341975 1,181 1,047 5 443 146 24 82 11 911 48 443 97 2,209 4,437140 (s) NA NA 1411976 1,266 1,068 5 488 144 25 86 13 955 47 506 103 2,372 4,705161 (s) NA NA 1611977 1,300 1,046 5 520 152 26 85 13 979 52 553 115 2,500 4,846172 (s) NA NA 1721978 1,298 1,050 5 533 154 26 83 14 1,011 50 544 127 2,548 4,896191 (s) NA NA 1911979 1,410 1,085 5 514 157 28 95 15 960 48 509 139 2,469 4,964202 (s) NA NA 2021980 1,436 1,063 4 446 156 24 87 13 900 46 453 142 2,272 4,770232 (s) NA NA 2321981 1,485 1,036 4 439 147 19 85 13 899 48 376 93 2,122 4,642234 5 (s) NA 2401982 1,433 963 3 415 148 19 85 11 892 49 309 80 2,011 4,406235 7 1 NA 2441983 1,488 901 3 418 153 19 85 12 904 48 255 98 1,995 4,383252 10 2 NA 2641984 1,598 962 3 443 172 17 88 13 914 51 247 106 2,053 4,613252 13 3 NA 2671985 1,638 926 3 445 178 17 86 12 930 55 216 93 2,035 4,600252 14 3 NA 2701986 1,617 866 4 453 191 15 83 12 958 56 255 98 2,125 4,608240 16 4 NA 2601987 1,691 920 3 463 202 14 82 13 982 60 227 106 2,152 4,764231 18 5 NA 2531988 1,775 962 3 487 212 14 83 13 1,003 63 249 119 2,246 4,982242 19 5 NA 2661989 1,795 1,022 3 491 218 13 82 13 1,000 62 246 118 2,246 5,067251 22 5 NA 2781990R1,821 1,025 3 470 223 6 69 13 988 67 220 127R2,187R5,039208 24 4 NA 2371991R1,807 1,047 3 454 215 7 71 12 982 66 207 117R2,134R4,996208 26 5 NA 2391992R1,822 1,082 3 464 213 6 77 12 999 74 196 135R2,180R5,093217 27 6 NA 2501993R1,882 1,110 3 473 215 7 76 12 1,015 76 193 114 2,184R5,185212 28 7 NA 2461994R1,893 1,134 3 492 224 7 79 13 1,022 74 183 124R2,221R5,258218 29 7 NA 2551995R1,913 1,184 3 498 222 8 78 13 1,044 75 152 114R2,207R5,314222 30 8 NA 2601996R1,995 1,205 3 524 232 9 84 12 1,063 78 152 132 2,290R5,501229 32 6 NA 2661997R2,040 1,211 3 534 234 10 85 13 1,075 79 142 138 2,313R5,575222 30 7 NA 2591998R2,064 1,189 2 538 238 12 75 14 1,107 89 158 125R2,358R5,622205 30 8 NA 2421999R2,062 1,192 3 555 245 11 91 14 1,127 93 148 130 2,417R5,682208 29 8 NA 2452000R2,155 1,241 3 580 254 10 102 14 1,135 84 163 117 2,461R5,867212 27 9 NA 2482001R2,088 1,187 2 598 243 11 92 13 1,151 88 145 132 2,473R5,759188 33 10 (s) 2312002R2,095 1,229 2 587 237 6 98 12 1,183 94 125 127R2,472R5,809187 36 12 (s) 2352003R2,136 1,191 2 610 231 8 95 11 1,188 94 138 140R2,518R5,857188 36 16 (s) 2402004R2,160 1,194 2 632 240 10 98 12 1,214 105 155 142R2,609R5,975199 35 20 (s) 2552005R2,182 1,175 2 640 246 10 94 12 1,214 105 164 141R2,628R5,996200 37 23 1 2612006R2,147 1,157 2 648 240 8 93 11 1,224 104 122 150R2,603R5,918198 36 31 2 2672007R2,172 1,235 2 652 238 5 94 12 1,227 98 129 148R2,603R6,022197 37 39 3 2772008R2,139R1,243 2 615 226 2 89 11 1,166 92 111 130R2,444R5,838192 40 55 3 2892009R1,876R1,218 2 564 204 3 91 10 1,157 87 91 111R2,320R5,425176 41 62 3 2832010P1,985 1,285 2 589 209 3 92 11 1,150 77 98 121 2,351 5,633186 41 74 2 3041Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in thistable. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.3Includes coal coke net imports.4Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.5Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.6Liquefied petroleum gases.7Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.8Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanesplus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneouspetroleum products.9Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. See Table 11.3e.10Wood and wood-derived fuels.11Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass.12Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.Notes:•Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, including thenonfuel use of fossil fuels.•See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment for all data beginningin1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.•For relatedinformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:•1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on datainAnnual Energy ReviewTables 2.1b-2.1f, 5.12, 7.3, 7.8, 10.2a-10.2c, and A5.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly Energy Review(April 2011), Tables 12.1 and 12.7.Figure 11.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010Residential, by Major Source Commercial, by Major SourceIndustrial, by Major Source Transportation, by Major Source318 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are allocated to the enduse sectors in proportion to each sector’s share oftotal electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9and 11.3e).2Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be convertedto metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.3Includes coal coke net imports.Source: Tables 11.3a-11.3e.Retail Electricity11950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201002505007501,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201002505007501,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2PetroleumNatural GasRetail Electricity1Natural GasPetroleum1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201005001,0001,5002,0002,500

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201002505007501,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2Natural GasPetroleumRetail Electricity1Natural GasCoal3PetroleumU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 319**T able 11.3a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1)**Year Coal** **Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum Retail** **Electricity**5**Total**2**Biomass**2**Distillate Fuel Oil** 4**Kerosene Liquefied** **Petroleum Gases Total** **Wood**6**Total**61949 121 55 51 21 7 80 66R32199 991950 120 66 61 25 9R95 69R35094 941955 83 117 87 27 13R127 110R43673 731960 56 170 115 26 19R160 156R54259 591965 34 214 125 24 24R174 223R64444 441970 20 265 137 22 35R194 355R83338 381975 6 266 132 12 32R176 419R86740 401976 6 273 145 13 34R192 442R91345 451977 5 261 146 12 33R191 478R93551 511978 5 264 143 11 32R186 484R93858 581979 4 268 119 10 21R150 496R91868 681980 3 256 96 8 20R124 529 91180 801981 3 245 84 6 19R109 522R87882 821982 3 250 77 7 18R102 518R87391 911983 3 238 68 6 22R95 531R86791 911984 4 247 80 12 18R109 542R90292 921985 4 241 80 11 20R111 553R90995 951986 4 234 81 9 19R109 558R90586 861987 4 234 85 9 22R115 581R93480 801988 4 251 87 10 22R119 609R98285 851989 3 260 85 8 24 117 625R1,00586 861990 3 238 72 5 22R98R624R96354 541991 2 248 68 5 24R97R633R98057 571992 2 255 72 5 23R100R624R98160 601993 2 269 71 5 25R101R667R1,04052 521994 2 263 70 5 24R99R668R1,03249 491995 2 263 66 5 25R96R678R1,03949 491996 2 284 68 6 30R104R710R1,09951 511997 2 270 64 7 29R99R719R1,09040 401998 1 247 56 8 27R91R759R1,09736 361999 1 257 61 8 33R102R762R1,12237 372000 1 271 66 7 35R108R805R1,18539 392001 1 259 66 7 33R106R805R1,17235 352002 1 266 63 4 34R101R835R1,20436 362003 1 276 66 5 34R106R847R1,23038 382004 1 264 68 6 32R106R856R1,22838 382005 1 262 62 6 32R101R897R1,26140 402006 1 237 52 5 28R85R869R1,19237 372007 1 257 53 3 31R87R897R1,24240 402008 1R266 49 2 35R85R878R1,22942 422009 1 259 44 2 35R81R819 1,15940 402010P1 269 46 2 35 84 878 1,23139 391Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in thistable. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.3Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.5Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in theelectric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.6Wood and wood-derived fuels.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Notes:•Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption.•See "CarbonDioxide" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment for all data beginningin1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.•For relatedinformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:•1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on datainAnnual Energy ReviewTables 2.1b, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.3e.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly EnergyReview(April 2011), Tables 12.2 and 12.7.320 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 11.3b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1)**Year Coal** **Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum Retail** **Electricity**7**Total**2**Biomass**2**Distillate Fuel Oil** 4**Kerosene LPG** 5**Motor Gasoline** 6**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Total Wood** 8**Waste**9**Fuel Ethanol** 10**Total**1949 148 19 16 3 2 7 NA 28 55 58 2802 NA NA 21950 147 21 19 3 2 7 NA 33R66 63R2972 NA NA 21955 76 35 28 4 3 9 NA 38R82 88R2811 NA NA 11960 39 56 36 3 5 5 NA 44R93 124R3121 NA NA 11965 25 79 39 4 6 5 NA 51R106 177R3871 NA NA 11970 16 131 43 4 9 6 NA 56R119 268R5341 NA NA 11975 14 136 43 4 8 6 NA 39R100 333 5831 NA NA 11976 14 144 48 3 9 7 NA 45 111 358 6271 NA NA 11977 14 135 49 4 9 7 NA 46 115 380 6451 NA NA 11978 16 140 49 4 8 8 NA 42 110 381R6481 NA NA 11979 14 150 43 6 6 7 NA 40R102 395 6611 NA NA 11980 11 141 38 3 6 8 NA 44 98 412 6622 NA NA 21981 13 136 33 5 5 7 NA 33 83 431R6632 NA (s) 21982 15 141 32 2 5 6 NA 31 77 432R6652 NA (s) 21983 15 132 48 8 6 7 NA 16 85 439 6712 NA (s) 21984 16 137 54 3 5 8 NA 21 90 461 7042 NA (s) 21985 13 132 46 2 6 7 NA 18 79 480 7042 NA (s) 21986 13 126 46 4 6 8 NA 23 85 487R7113 NA (s) 31987 12 132 44 4 6 8 NA 21 83 509R7363 NA (s) 31988 12 145 44 2 6 8 NA 21R81 534 7723 NA (s) 31989 11 148 42 2 7 7 0 18 76 559 7947 1 (s) 91990 12 142 39 1 6 8 0 18R73R566R7936 2 (s) 81991 11 148 38 1 7 6 0 17 68R567R7946 2 (s) 81992 11 152 37 1 7 6 (s) 15 65R567R7967 2 (s) 91993 11 155 36 1 7 2 (s) 14R60R593R8197 2 (s) 91994 11 157 37 1 7 2 (s) 14 60R605R8337 2 (s) 91995 11 164 35 2 7 1 (s) 11 56R620R8517 2 (s) 91996 12 171 35 2 8 2 (s) 11 57R643R8837 3 (s) 101997 12 174 32 2 8 3 (s) 9R54R686R9267 3 (s) 101998 9 164 31 2 7 3 (s) 7R51R724R9476 3 (s) 91999 10 165 32 2 9 2 (s) 6R51R735R9606 3 (s) 92000 9 173 36 2 9 3 (s) 7R58R783R1,0227 2 (s) 92001 9 164 37 2 9 3 (s) 6R57R797R1,0276 2 (s) 92002 9 171 32 1 9 3 (s) 6R52R795R1,0276 2 (s) 92003 8 173 35 1 10 4 (s) 9 59R796R1,0367 3 (s) 92004 10 170 34 1 10 3 (s) 10 58R816R1,0547 3 (s) 102005 9 163 33 2 8 3 (s) 9R55R842R1,0697 3 (s) 102006 6 154 29 1 8 3 (s) 6R48R836R1,0436 3 (s) 92007 7 164 28 1 8 4 (s) 6R47R861R1,0797 3 (s) 92008 7R171 27 (s) 10 3 (s) 6 46R850R1,0747 3 (s) 102009 6 169 30 (s) 9 4 (s) 6R49R785R1,0087 3 (s) 102010P5 174 32 (s) 9 4 (s) 7 51 805 1,0357 3 (s) 101Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in thistable. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.3Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.5Liquefied petroleum gases.6Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.7Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in theelectric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.8Wood and wood-derived fuels.9Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass.10Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.Notes:•Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption.•See "CarbonDioxide" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment for all data beginningin1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.•For relatedinformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:•1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on datainAnnual Energy ReviewTables 2.1c, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.3e.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly EnergyReview (MER)(April 2011), Tables 12.3 and 12.7, and MER data system calculations.U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 321**T able 11.3c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1)**Year Coal** **Coal Coke** **Net Imports** **Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum Retail** **Elec tricity** 8**Total**2**Biomass**2**Distillate Fuel Oil** 4**Kero sene** **LPG**5**Lubri- cants** **Motor Gasoline** 6**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Other**7**Total Wood** 9**Waste**10**Fuel Ethanol** 11**Total**1949 500 -1 166 41 18 3 3 16 8 95 25 209 120R99544 NA NA 441950 531 (s) 184 51 20 4 3 18 8 110 26 239 140R1,09550 NA NA 501955 516 -1 244 72 17 10 4 24 13 122 38 299 222R1,28159 NA NA 591960 418 -1 310 74 12 17 4 27 29 123 45R329 252R1,30864 NA NA 641965 471 -2 380 83 12 24 5 24 39 123 65R376 328R1,55380 NA NA 801970 427 -7 494 89 13 31 6 21 39 126 85R410 434R1,75996 NA NA 961975 336 2 442 97 9 39 6 16 48 117 97R427 490R1,696100 NA NA 1001976 335 (s) 453 111 9 41 6 15 47 141 103R474 549R1,811114 NA NA 1141977 316 2 447 125 10 40 7 14 52 150 115R513 582R1,860120 NA NA 1201978 304 14 442 127 11 40 7 13 48 133 127R506 580R1,846131 NA NA 1311979 329 7 442 128 13 66 8 11 47 128 139R540 612R1,931132 NA NA 1321980 289 -4 431 96 13 61 7 11 45 105 142R480 601R1,797150 NA NA 1501981 290 -2 422 101 8 58 6 11 47 83 93R408 597R1,715150 5 (s) 1561982 235 -2 364 95 10 60 6 10 48 81 80R390 529R1,515142 7 (s) 1491983 230 -2 347 83 5 55 6 8 48 61 98R362 549R1,486159 9 (s) 1681984 262 -1 380 87 3 62 7 11 50 68 106R394 582R1,617157 12 (s) 1701985 256 -2 360 81 3 58 6 15 54 57 93R369 583R1,566154 14 (s) 1681986 245 -2 338 84 2 56 6 15 55 57 98R373 566R1,520151 16 (s) 1671987 248 1 371 83 2 53 7 15 59 45 106R369 587R1,575148 17 (s) 1651988 263 5 389 82 2 54 7 14 61 42 119R381 611R1,648152 19 (s) 1711989 259 3 411 83 2 49 7 14 60 31 118R365 638R1,677149 12 (s) 1611990 258 1 432 84 1 39 7 13 64 31 127R366R638R1,695135 12 (s) 1471991 244 1 439 79 1 39 6 14 63 24 117R342R627R1,653132 11 (s) 1431992 235 4 456 81 1 45 6 14 70 28 135R380R649R1,724137 10 (s) 1481993 233 3 464 81 1 43 6 13 68 33 114R360R655R1,715139 11 (s) 1501994 235 7 465 81 1 46 7 14 67 31 124R371R668R1,745148 11 (s) 1601995 233 7 490 82 1 45 7 14 67 24 114R355R659R1,743155 11 (s) 1661996 227 3 506 86 1 46 6 14 70 24 132R381R678R1,795158 12 (s) 1701997 224 5 506 88 1 48 7 15 68 21 138R386R694R1,815162 10 (s) 1721998 219 8 495 88 2 39 7 14 77 16 125R368R706R1,796150 10 (s) 1601999 208 7 474 86 1 48 7 11 81 14 130R378R704R1,772152 9 (s) 1612000 211 7 481 87 1 56 7 11 74 17 117R370R719R1,788153 8 (s) 1612001 204 3 439 95 2 49 6 21 77 14 132R395R667R1,709135 12 (s) 1472002 188 7 449 88 1 54 6 22 76 13 127R388R654R1,686131 13 (s) 1442003 190 6 430 83 2 50 6 23 76 15 140R394R672R1,692128 13 (s) 1412004 191 16R431 88 2 55 6 26 82 17 142R419R675R1,731138 12 (s) 1512005 183 5 398 92 3 51 6 25 80 20 141R417R673R1,675136 13 (s) 1502006 179 7 394 92 2 56 6 26 82 16 150R430R650R1,661138 12 1 1512007 175 3R406 92 1 54 6 21 80 13 148R415R662R1,662133 13 1 1462008 168 5 407 93 (s) 42 6 17 76 14 130R377R642R1,598126 13 1 1402009 131 -3 383 80 (s) 46 5 17 73 7 111 339R551R1,401112 14 1 1272010P151 -1 408 84 (s) 46 6 16 62 8 121 343 583 1,485123 15 1 1391Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in thistable. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.3Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.5Liquefied petroleum gases.6Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.7Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanesplus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneouspetroleum products.8Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in theelectric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.9Wood and wood-derived fuels.10Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass.11Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 and greater than -0.5 million metrictons of carbon dioxide.Notes:•Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, including thenonfuel use of fossil fuels.•See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment for all data beginningin1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.•For relatedinformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:•1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on datainAnnual Energy ReviewTables 2.1d, 5.14b, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.3e.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly EnergyReview (MER)(April 2011), Tables 12.4 and 12.7, and MER data system calculations.322 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 11.3d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1)**Year Coal** **Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum Retail** **Elec tricity** 7**Total**2**Biomass**2**Aviation Gasoline** **Distillate Fuel Oil** 4**Jet Fuel** **LPG**5**Lubricants Motor** **Gasoline**6**Residual Fuel Oil** **Total Fuel** **Ethanol**8**Biodiesel Total** 1949 161 NA 12 30 NA (s) 4 306 91 443 6 611NA NA NA1950 146 7 14 35 NA (s) 5 332 95 481 6 640NA NA NA1955 39 13 24 58 21 1 6 439 80R629 5 687NA NA NA1960 7 19 21 65 53 1 6 511 66 723 2R751NA NA NA1965 1 27 15 80 87 2 6 597 61 847 2 878NA NA NA1970 1 40 7 115 141 3 5 763 60 1,093 2 1,136NA NA NA1975 (s) 32 5 155 145 3 6 889 56 1,258 2R1,292NA NA NA1976 (s) 30 5 167 143 3 6 933 65 1,322 2 1,354NA NA NA1977 (s) 29 5 182 149 3 6 958 72 1,375 2 1,406NA NA NA19789( ) 29 5 196 153 3 7 991 78 1,433 2R1,464NA NA NA19799( ) 32 5 213 156 1 7 941 97R1,420 2 1,454NA NA NA19809( ) 34 4 204 155 1 6 881 110 1,363 2 1,400NA NA NA19819( ) 35 4 212 147 2 6 881 96 1,348 2 1,385(s) NA (s)19829( ) 32 3 204 148 2 6 876 80 1,319 2 1,3541 NA 119839( ) 27 3 213 153 3 6 888 65 1,330 3 1,3592 NA 219849( ) 29 3 216 172 3 6 895 64 1,358 3 1,3903 NA 319859( ) 28 3 232 178 2 6 908 62 1,391 3 1,4213 NA 319869( ) 26 4 235 191 2 6 936 69R1,443 3 1,4724 NA 419879( ) 28 3 244 202 1 6 959 71 1,487 3 1,5195 NA 519889( ) 34 3 265 212 1 6 981 72 1,542 3 1,5795 NA 519899( ) 34 3 270 218 1 6 979 77R1,554 3 1,5915 NA 519909( ) 36 3 268 223 1 7 967 80 1,548 3R1,5884 NA 419919( ) 33 3 263 215 1 6 962 81R1,532 3R1,5685 NA 519929( ) 32 3 269 213 1 6 979 84R1,556 3R1,5925 NA 519939( ) 34 3 278 215 1 6 1,000 71R1,574 3 1,6116 NA 619949( ) 38 3 295 224 2 6 1,007 70R1,607 3R1,6477 NA 719959( ) 38 3 307 222 1 6 1,029 72R1,639 3R1,6818 NA 819969( ) 39 3 327 232 1 6 1,047 67 1,683 3 1,7256 NA 619979( ) 41 3 342 234 1 6 1,057 56 1,699 3 1,7447 NA 719989( ) 35 2 352 238 1 7 1,090 53R1,743 3R1,7828 NA 819999( ) 36 3 366 245 1 7 1,115 52 1,789 3 1,8288 NA 820009( ) 36 3 378 254 1 7 1,121 70 1,833 4R1,8729 NA 920019( ) 35 2 387 243 1 6 1,127 46 1,813 4R1,85210 (s) 1020029( ) 37 2 394 237 1 6 1,158 53R1,851 4R1,89211 (s) 1220039( ) 33 2 414 231 1 6 1,161 45R1,861R5R1,89916 (s) 1620049( ) 32 2 434 240 1 6 1,185 58R1,926 5R1,96220 (s) 2020059( ) 33 2 444 246 2 6 1,186 66R1,953 5R1,99122 1 2320069( ) 33 2 469 240 2 5 1,194 71R1,984 5R2,02230 2 3320079( ) 35 2 472 238 1 6 1,201 78R1,999 5R2,04038 3 4220089( ) 37 2 440 226 3 5 1,146 72R1,895 5R1,93754 3 5720099( )R34 2 404 204 2 5 1,137 64R1,818 5R1,85761 3 642010P9( ) 36 2 421 209 2 5 1,130 71 1,840 5 1,88173 2 751Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in thistable. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.3Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.5Liquefied petroleum gases.6Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.7Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in theelectric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.8Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.9Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrialsector consumption.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.Notes:•Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, including thenonfuel use of fossil fuels.•See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment for all data beginningin1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.•For relatedinformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:•1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on datainAnnual Energy ReviewTables 2.1e, 5.14c, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.3e.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly EnergyReview (MER)(April 2011), Tables 12.5 and 12.7, and MER data system calculations.U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 323**T able 11.3e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1)**Year Coal** **Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum Geo** **thermal Non** **Biomass Waste** 5**Total**2**Biomass**2**Distillate Fuel Oil** 4**Petroleum Coke** **Residual Fuel Oil** **Total Wood** 6**Waste**7**Total**1949 187 30 2 NA 30 33 NA NA 2501 NA 11950 206 35 2 NA 35 37 NA NA 2781 NA 11955 324 63 2 NA 35 37 NA NA 424(s) NA (s)1960 396 95 2 NA 42 43 NA NA 535(s) NA (s)1965 546 127 2 NA 55 57 NA NA 730(s) NA (s)1970 678 215 10 2 154 166 NA NA 1,059(s) (s) (s)1975 824 172 17 (s) 231 248 NA NA 1,244(s) (s) (s)1976 911 167 18 (s) 255 273 NA NA 1,351(s) (s) (s)1977 962 174 21 (s) 285 306 NA NA 1,442(s) (s) (s)1978 960 175 20 1 291 313 NA NA 1,448(s) (s) (s)1979 1,056 192 13 1 244 258 NA NA 1,505(s) (s) (s)1980 1,137 200 12 1 194 207 NA NA 1,544(s) (s) (s)1981 1,180 198 9 (s) 163 173 NA NA 1,551(s) (s) (s)1982 1,182 176 7 (s) 116 123 NA NA 1,481(s) (s) (s)1983 1,242 158 7 1 113 121 NA NA 1,521(s) (s) (s)1984 1,318 170 6 1 94 101 NA NA 1,588(s) (s) 11985 1,367 166 6 1 79 86 NA NA 1,6191 (s) 11986 1,357 142 6 1 107 114 NA NA 1,613(s) (s) 11987 1,427 155 7 1 91 99 NA NA 1,6801 (s) 11988 1,492 143 8 1 114 123 NA NA 1,7581 (s) 11989 1,519 168 11 2 121 134 (s) 4 1,8269 8 171990R1,548 176 7 3 92 102 (s) 6R1,83112 11 231991R1,548 179 6 3 86 95 (s) 7R1,83012 13 251992R1,570 186 5 5 69 79 (s) 8R1,84313 15 281993R1,633 188 6 8 76 90 (s) 9R1,91914 15 291994R1,639 211 9 7 68 84 (s) 9R1,94414 16 301995R1,661 228 8 8 45 61 (s) 10R1,96012 17 281996R1,752 205 8 8 50 66 (s) 10R2,03313 17 301997R1,797 219 8 10 56 75 (s) 10R2,10113 17 301998R1,828 248 10 13 82 105 (s) 10R2,19213 17 301999R1,836 260 10 11 76 97 (s) 10R2,20413 17 302000R1,927 281 13 10 69 91 (s) 10R2,31013 17 292001R1,870 290 12 11 79 102 (s) 11R2,27312 19 312002R1,890 306 9 18 52 79 (s) 13R2,28814 21 352003R1,931 278 12 18 69 98 (s) 11R2,31916 21 372004R1,943 297 8 23 69 100 (s) 11R2,35215 20 362005R1,984 319 8 25 69 102 (s) 11R2,41717 20 372006R1,954 338 5 22 28 56 (s) 12R2,35917 21 382007R1,987 372 7 17 31 55 (s) 11R2,42617 22 392008R1,959 362 5 16 19 40 (s) 12R2,37417 23 402009R1,741 373 5 14 14 34 (s)R11R2,15917 24 412010P1,828 399 6 15 12 33 (s) 11 2,27118 23 411Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in thistable. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.3Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.5Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.6Wood and wood-derived fuels.7Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.Notes:•Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption.•See "CarbonDioxide" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment for all data beginningin1949.•For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.•For relatedinformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources:•1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on datainAnnual Energy ReviewTables 2.1f, 5.14c, and 10.2c.•1973 forward—EIA,Monthly Energy Review(MER)(April 2011), Table 12.6 and MER data system calculations.Figure 11.4 Methane EmissionsTotal, 1980-2009 By Source, 2009Energy Sources by Type 1980-2009 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009324 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Chemical production, and iron and steel production.2Natural gas production, processing, and distribution.3Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.4Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.5Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport.6Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, andswine.Source: Table 11.4.Sources Sources ManagementProcesses11980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005010203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane30.8 in199012.18.68.30.2Energy Agricultural Waste Industrial051015

Million Metric Tons of Methane29.2 in2009StationaryCombustion4Animal WasteRice CultivationNatural Gas Systems2Coal MiningMobileCombustion5Enteric Fermentation61980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200502468

Million Metric Tons of MethanePetroleum Systems31980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200502468

Million Metric Tons of MethaneU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 325**T able 11.4 Methane Emissions, 1980-2009** (Million Metric Tons of Methane)**Year Energy Sources** **Waste Management Agricultural Sources** **Industrial Processes** 9**Total**5**Coal Mining** **Natural Gas** **Systems**1**Petroleum Systems** 2**Mobile Com** **bustion**3**Stationary Com** **bustion**4**Total**5**Landfills Waste** **water Treatment** 6**Total**5**Enteric Fermen** **tation**7**Animal Waste** 8**Rice Cultivation** **Crop Residue** **Burning Total** 51980 3.06R4.42 NA 0.28 0.45R8.20 10.52 0.52 11.04 5.47R2.87 0.48 0.04R8.86 0.17R28.271981 2.81R5.02 NA .27 .45R8.55 10.69 .53 11.22 5.56R2.73 .54 .05R8.88 .18R28.821982 3.23R5.04 NA .27 .46R9.01R10.63 .54 11.17 5.50R2.63 .47 .05R8.65 .13R28.971983 3.02R5.00 NA .27 .46R8.76 10.67 .54 11.21 5.46R2.68 .31R.04R8.49 .15R28.621984 3.61R5.11 NA .27 .48R9.46 10.68 .66R11.33 5.33R2.60 .40R.05R8.38R.16R29.341985 3.89R5.16 NA .26 .48R9.79 10.65 .67 11.32 5.27R2.56 .36R.05R8.23R.15R29.491986 3.73R5.04 NA .26R.46R9.48 10.53 .67R11.20 5.13R2.51 .34 .04R8.02 .16R28.871987 4.01R5.14 NA .25 .43R9.85 10.63 .68 11.31 5.08R2.56 .33 .04R8.02 .17R29.341988 3.94R5.29 NA .25 .46R9.95R10.51 .69R11.20 5.10R2.60 .41R.05R8.14R.18R29.471989 3.96R5.46 NA .25 .48R10.15R10.43 .70 11.13 5.08R1.68 .38R.05R7.18 .18R28.641990R4.07R5.78 1.30R.22 .37R11.72R10.31 .91R11.23R5.58R1.59 .40R.05R7.62 .18R30.751991 4.09R6.00 1.31R.21 .37R11.98R10.00 .93R10.93R5.61R1.64 .40R.05R7.69 .19R30.781992 4.05R6.07 1.26R.20 .38R11.97R9.84 .95R10.79R5.77R1.68 .45R.05R7.95 .19R30.901993R3.29R6.03 1.21R.20 .36 11.08R9.58 .96R10.54R5.77R1.73 .41 .04R7.96 .20R29.771994R3.35R6.08 1.17R.19 .35R11.15R9.25 .98R10.23R5.90R1.81 .48 .05R8.23 .21R29.821995R3.31R6.17R1.16R.20 .35R11.20R8.62 1.00R9.61R5.96R1.84 .44R.05R8.28 .22R29.311996R3.30R6.20 1.14R.20 .36R11.20R8.19 1.01R9.19R5.95R1.84 .41R.05R8.25R.22R28.871997R3.28R6.47 1.14R.20 .33R11.42R7.45 1.02R8.47R5.72R1.91 .45 .05R8.13R.23R28.261998R3.29R6.45 1.11R.19 .30R11.34R6.80 1.03R7.83R5.65R1.97 .47 .05R8.14R.23R27.541999 3.11R6.47 1.04R.18 .31R11.11R6.21 1.05R7.25R5.64R1.97 .50 .05R8.16R.24R26.762000R2.98R6.77 1.03R.17 .33R11.27R5.93 1.05R6.98R5.60R1.96 .44 .05R8.05R.22R26.532001R2.97R6.59 1.03R.16 .30R11.05R5.65 1.05R6.70R5.53R1.98 .47 .05R8.02 .20R25.972002 2.79R6.90 1.02R.15 .30R11.16R5.58 1.06R6.64R5.54R1.99 .44R.05R8.03 .21R26.032003 2.79R6.86 1.01R.14 .31R11.11R5.97 1.06R7.03R5.61R2.00 .43 .05R8.08R.20R26.432004R2.86R6.93 .96R.14R.31R11.20R5.80 1.07R6.88R5.62R2.02 .47 .05R8.16R.22R26.462005 2.81R6.91 .92R.13 .32R11.08R6.02 1.08R7.09R5.71R2.18 .46 .05R8.40 .20R26.772006R2.86R7.00 .91R.12 .30R11.19R6.18 1.10R7.27R5.77R2.25 .39 .05R8.47R.20R27.142007 2.84R7.26 .90R.12 .31R11.43R6.40 1.11R7.51R5.80R2.24 .39 .05R8.49 .21R27.642008 3.28R7.37 .88R.11R.33R11.97R6.90R1.12R8.02R5.93R2.37R.43 .05R8.79R.18R28.972009 3.44 7.32 .94 .11 .31 12.12 7.19 1.12 8.31 5.80 2.33 .45 .06 8.64 .17 29.241Natural gas production, processing, and distribution; processing is not included in 1980 and isincompletely covered in 1981-1989.2Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.3Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport.4Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.5See notes on components for specific coverage, which is inconsistent prior to 1990 in some cases.61980-1983, domestic wastewater only; 1984 forward, industrial and domestic wastewater.7Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and swine.8Estimation methods for 1990 forward reflect a shift in waste management away from liquid systems todry-lot systems, thus lowering emissions.9Chemical production, and iron and steel production.R=Revised. NA=Not available.Notes:•Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result ofhuman activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included.•Under certain conditions, methanemay be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic materials in landfills, animal wastes, and ricepaddies.•Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data arefrequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latest findings of the international scientificcommunity.•Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the UnitedStates 2009(March 2011), Tables 17-21; and EIA estimates based on the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change’sGuidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(2006 and revised 1996guidelines)—see http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html; and the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency’sInventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2008(April 2010)—seehttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html.Figure 11.5 Nitrous Oxide EmissionsTotal, 1980-2009 By Source, 2009Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2009 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009326 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics) and nitricacid production (primarily for fertilizers).2Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm andconstruction equipment.3Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.Source: Table 11.5.1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050.00.30.60.9

Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200520406080100120140160

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide3618540143Industrial Waste Agricultural Energy0200400600

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide0.7 in19900.7 in2009Stationary Combustion3Processes1 SourcesManagement SourcesMobile Combustion2Solid Waste of Domesticated AnimalsNitrogen Fertilization of Soils1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous OxideU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 327**T able 11.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009** (Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)**Year Energy Sources** **Waste Management Agricultural Sources** **Industrial Processes** 3**Total Mobile** **Combustion**1**Stationary Combustion** 2**Total Waste** **Combustion Human** **Sewage in Wastewater** **Total Nitrogen** **Fertilization of Soils** **Crop Residue** **Burning Solid Waste** **of Domesticated Animals** **Total**1980 60 44 104 1R10R11R364 1R75R440 88R6421981 63 44 106 1R10R11R364 2R74R440R84R6411982 67 42 108 1R10R11R339 2R74R414R80R6141983 71 43 114 1R11R11R337 1R75R413R79R6171984 86 45 132 1R11R11R355R2R74R431R87R6611985 98 46 143 1R11R12R344 2R73R419R88R6621986 107 45 152 1R11R12R329R2R71R402R86R6521987 120 46 166 1R12R13R328 1R71R400R90R6691988 138 48 185 1R12R13R329 1R71R401R95R6941989 146 49R195 1R12R13R336 1R70R407R98R7131990R88 47R135 1R12R13R432 1R66R499 96R7431991R93 46R139 1R13R14R429 1R66R497R98R7481992R96 47R143 1R13R14R445 2R66R512 95R7641993R100 48R148 1R13R14R439 1R68R508 100R7701994R104 48R152 1R13R15R462 2R68R532 110R8081995R125 49R174 1R13R15R423 1R69R494R110R7931996R129 51R180 1R14R15R418 2R68R487R115R7971997R126 51R178 1R14R15R417 2R69R487R72R7521998R128 51R179 1R14R15R422 2R69R493R57R7441999R124 51R175 1R15R16R421 2R69R492R56R7382000R122 53R175 1R15R16R412 2R70R484 56R7312001R117 51R168 1R15R16R405 2R71R477R46R7082002R115 51R166 1R15R16R403 2R70R474R50R7062003R114 51R165 1R15R16R414 2R69R485R45R7112004R114 52R167 1R15R17R446 2R69R517R45R7452005R109 53R162 1R16R17R455 2R70R526R45R7502006R107 52R159 1R16R17R457 2R71R530R46R7512007R106 52R159 1R16R17R471 2R71R544R47R7672008R101 51R151 1R16R17R468 2R71R541R41R7502009 97 46 143 1 16 18 468 2 70 540 36 7371Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm andconstruction equipment.2Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.3Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acidproduction (primarily for fertilizers).R=Revised.Notes:•Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result ofhuman activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included.•Because of the continuing goal toimprove estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an annual basis inkeeping with the latest findings of the international scientific community.•Totals may not equal sumofcomponents due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the UnitedStates 2009(March 2011), Table 22; and EIA estimates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange’sGuidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(2006 and revised 1996 guidelines)—seehttp://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’sInventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2008(April 2010)—seehttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html.Figure 11.6 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal OutputEmissions by Type of Generating Unit, 2009Emissions by Sector, 1989-2009328 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20105.5(s)0.20.20123456Million Metric Tons of GasSulfur Dioxide1 For carbon dioxide: municipal solid wastefrom non-biogenic sources; tire-derived fuel, andgeothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogenoxides: blast furnace gas, propane gas, and othermanufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels; wood and wood-derived fuels;municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and otherbiomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.2Includes Commercial Sector.(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.Sources: Tables 11.6a-11.6c.1,7814324115CoalNatural GasPetroleumOther10 600 1,200 1,800 2,400Million Metric Tons of GasCarbon Dioxide1.80.30.10.201234Million Metric Tons of GasNitrogen Oxides1990 1995 2000 2005061218

Million Metric Tons of GasSulfur Dioxide1990 1995 2000 20050246810

Million Metric Tons of GasNitrogen OxidesTotal2Total2ElectricPower SectorIndustrial SectorElectricPower SectorIndustrial SectorTotal2ElectricPower SectorIndustrial Sector1990 1995 2000 20050.00.71.42.12.8

Billion Metric Tons of GasCarbon DioxideU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 329**T able 11.6a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:** **Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009**(Sum of Tables 11.6b and 11.6c; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)**Year Carbon Dioxide** 1**Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides** **Coal**2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Geo thermal** 5**Non Biomass** **Waste**6**Total Coal** 2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Other**7**Total Coal** 2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Other**7**Total**1989R1,573,566R218,384R145,399 363R5,590R1,943,302 14,469 1 984 39 15,493 7,281 495 269 93 8,1361990R1,592,395R233,852R119,580 384R7,488R1,953,699 14,281 1 937 243 15,462 7,119 513 208 122 7,9611991R1,592,186R238,084R111,351 398R8,447R1,950,466 14,240 1 856 246 15,342 7,109 498 193 113 7,9131992R1,617,034R248,149R96,638 400R10,053R1,972,275 14,060 1 704 264 15,030 6,975 477 158 119 7,7281993R1,687,623R250,411R108,164 415R10,439R2,057,053 13,843 1 851 271 14,966 7,225 475 173 124 7,9971994R1,697,416R276,308R102,844 384R11,186R2,088,138 13,398 1 794 279 14,472 7,005 513 159 124 7,8011995R1,720,062 298,601R77,032 329R11,982R2,108,006 11,188 2 826 298 12,314 5,136 653 332 234 6,3551996R1,812,022 277,856R84,024 360R12,718R2,186,980 11,811 1 876 304 12,991 5,307 577 352 238 6,4741997R1,858,944 293,139R93,497 374R13,368R2,259,322 12,211 1 965 303 13,480 5,322 619 326 233 6,5001998R1,887,335 327,456R123,542 375R12,891R2,351,600 12,012 1 1,162 289 13,464 5,123 700 395 241 6,4591999R1,894,211 343,090R115,677 381R12,943R2,366,302 11,453 1 1,101 288 12,843 4,687 632 391 245 5,9552000R1,986,100 363,526R108,407 362R12,440R2,470,834 10,729 1 933 300 11,963 4,370 614 404 250 5,6382001R1,920,901 367,146R117,196 353R13,010R2,418,607 9,905 2 1,002 265 11,174 4,096 631 294 268 5,2902002R1,938,613 378,950R91,110 372R14,918R2,423,963 9,786 2 773 321 10,881 4,057 625 225 287 5,1942003R1,973,597 345,119R112,065 371R13,943R2,445,094 9,688 2 717 239 10,646 3,607 453 240 232 4,5322004R1,989,580 367,112R115,726 381R14,183R2,486,982 9,437 2 633 237 10,309 3,286 416 225 217 4,1432005R2,028,614 383,461R117,086 377R14,299R2,543,838 9,499 2 587 251 10,340 3,135 383 221 222 3,9612006R2,001,085 404,278R67,988 374R15,193R2,488,918 8,867 2 427 227 9,524 2,996 399 164 240 3,7992007R2,029,804 434,536R67,769 376R14,548R2,547,032 8,389 3 422 227 9,042 2,870 382 157 242 3,6502008R2,001,806R419,599R47,855R381R14,370R2,484,012 7,351 3 250 225 7,830 2,680 351 75 225 3,3302009 1,781,278 432,206 41,474 386 14,163 2,269,508 5,535 2 210 223 5,970 1,769 336 66 225 2,3951Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.5Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam.6Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.R=Revised.Notes:•Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermaloutput.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may not equal sum of components duetoindependent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Tables 11.6b and 11.6c.330 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able 11.6b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:** **Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009**(Subset of Table 11.6a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)**Year Carbon Dioxide** 1**Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides** **Coal**2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Geo thermal** 5**Non Biomass** **Waste**6**Total Coal** 2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Other**7**Total Coal** 2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Other**7**Total**1989R1,520,230R169,653R133,546 363R4,366R1,828,158 13,815 1 810 7 14,633 7,055 390 246 25 7,7171990R1,534,141R177,232R101,800 384R5,795R1,819,351 13,576 1 628 13 14,218 6,878 390 175 36 7,4801991R1,534,559R180,541R95,149 398R7,207R1,817,854 13,590 1 621 15 14,227 6,886 384 165 42 7,4761992R1,556,741R187,730R79,153 400R8,476R1,832,501 13,375 1 559 12 13,946 6,749 359 128 46 7,2821993R1,626,161R188,291R90,400 415R8,592R1,913,860 13,133 1 735 13 13,882 6,996 357 143 49 7,5441994R1,634,282R211,154R85,005 384R9,323R1,940,148 12,695 1 665 11 13,373 6,777 390 128 47 7,3431995R1,656,743 228,675R61,057 329R10,015R1,956,819 10,573 1 581 34 11,189 4,974 402 282 95 5,7541996R1,747,945 205,250R66,113 360R9,932R2,029,599 11,129 1 617 32 11,779 5,144 326 301 96 5,8661997R1,794,629 220,174R75,079 374R10,372R2,100,628 11,515 1 653 36 12,205 5,157 370 269 98 5,8941998R1,825,027 249,836R105,539 375R10,264R2,191,041 11,373 1 911 37 12,321 4,965 431 337 103 5,8361999R1,831,670 262,455R97,892 381R10,312R2,202,710 10,843 1 836 42 11,722 4,535 381 332 109 5,3572000R1,923,054 283,034R92,226 362R10,178R2,308,855 10,140 1 746 45 10,932 4,225 338 367 111 5,0402001R1,862,800 291,101R102,900 353R10,900R2,268,054 9,281 2 754 5 10,041 3,878 425 253 96 4,6522002R1,878,923 307,455R78,820 372R12,758R2,278,328 9,106 2 549 16 9,672 3,813 425 187 104 4,5282003R1,917,303 279,300R98,208 371R11,453R2,306,635 9,255 2 579 13 9,849 3,496 282 207 98 4,0822004R1,929,818 297,782R100,236 381R11,177R2,339,394 8,991 2 493 9 9,495 3,183 241 193 101 3,7172005R1,970,908 320,545R102,537 377R11,257R2,405,625 9,071 2 461 10 9,543 3,051 243 189 103 3,5852006R1,944,759 339,557R55,358 374R11,544R2,351,592 8,416 2 264 8 8,690 2,902 230 135 107 3,3742007R1,977,528 373,268R55,545 376R11,304R2,418,022 8,002 3 265 9 8,279 2,781 236 130 112 3,2592008R1,951,138 363,749R40,442R381R11,620R2,367,331 6,909 2 146 8 7,065 2,578 230 58 124 2,9902009 1,736,284 374,082 33,700 386 11,256 2,155,707 5,253 2 110 9 5,374 1,688 214 50 128 2,0801Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.5Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam.6Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.R=Revised.Notes:•There are small differences in carbon dioxide emissions values between this table and Table11.3e due to differences in the methodologies for calculating the data.•Data are for emissions fromenergy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output.•The electric power sectorcomprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.•See Table 11.6c forcommercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data.•See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants IntoEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:**Carbon Dioxide:**U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on FormEIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms).**Sulfur Dioxide**and**Nitroge n** **Oxides:**EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessorforms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Continuous EmissionsMonitoring System.U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 331**T able 11.6c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:** **Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009**(Subset of Table 11.6a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)**Year Carbon Dioxide** 1**Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides** **Coal**2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Geo thermal** 5**Non Biomass** **Waste**6**Total Coal** 2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Other**7**Total Coal** 2**Natural Gas** 3**Petroleum**4**Other**7**Total Commercial Sector** 81989R2,320 1,542 637 – 804R5,303 37 (s) 5 1 43 9 3 2 3 171990R2,418 2,294 706 – 959R6,377 39 (s) 4 1 45 10 6 1 4 211991R2,680 2,287 544 – 1,014R6,526 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 6 1 4 211992R2,552 2,787 474 – 1,258R7,070 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 7 1 4 211993R2,988 3,315 616 – 1,285R8,205 40 (s) 3 1 44 12 7 1 4 241994R2,932 3,722 654 – 1,292R8,601 39 (s) 3 (s) 42 11 8 1 4 241995R3,106 4,070 509 – 1,462R9,147 30 (s) 3 3 35 8 20 6 11 451996R3,639 4,369 534 – 2,023R10,565 40 (s) 3 4 47 9 23 4 14 501997R3,871 4,654R716 –R2,277R11,518 43 (s) 3 6 51 10 34 7 14 651998R3,341 4,707R829 –R2,081R10,958 37 (s) 5 4 45 10 35 5 16 661999R3,468 4,535 742 – 2,008R10,752 34 (s) 4 4 42 9 28 4 17 572000R3,635 4,605 740 – 1,684R10,665 33 (s) 4 7 43 8 38 4 16 652001R3,366 4,280 839 – 1,418R9,903 43 (s) 4 2 48 13 19 2 16 502002R3,025 4,035 571 – 1,520R9,151 41 (s) 2 2 46 13 20 2 13 482003R3,904 3,222 683 – 1,706R9,515 32 (s) 3 1 36 9 16 5 15 452004R4,018 3,916 920 – 1,962R10,817 30 (s) 3 2 35 8 18 8 16 492005R4,031 3,701 759 – 1,897R10,387 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 24 6 15 542006R3,908 3,686 445 – 1,946R9,984 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 35 3 17 642007R3,994 3,800 363 – 1,635R9,792 33 (s) 3 1 37 10 16 2 16 442008R4,155R3,589 310 – 1,953R10,006 32 (s) 1 (s) 33 9 14 1 16 402009 3,727 4,093 245 – 2,084 10,149 26 (s) 1 (s) 27 8 13 1 16 39**Industrial Sector**91989R51,017R47,188R11,216 – 420R109,842 616 (s) 169 32 817 218 100 21 63 4031990R55,837R54,326R17,074 – 734R127,971 666 (s) 304 229 1,199 233 116 31 80 4611991R54,947R55,255R15,659 – 225R126,086 618 (s) 232 230 1,080 215 108 27 66 4161992R57,742R57,632R17,010 – 319R132,704 655 (s) 143 251 1,049 218 110 29 67 4251993R58,474R58,805R17,148 –R562R134,988 671 (s) 113 257 1,041 219 110 29 70 4291994R60,202R61,431R17,186 –R571R139,390 664 (s) 126 267 1,057 219 114 30 71 4351995R60,212 65,856R15,466 –R505R142,040 585 (s) 243 262 1,090 154 231 43 128 5561996R60,438 68,237R17,377 –R763R146,815 642 (s) 256 268 1,166 154 228 48 128 5581997R60,444 68,311R17,701 –R719R147,175 653 (s) 309 261 1,223 155 215 50 121 5411998R58,967 72,914R17,174 –R546R149,601 603 (s) 247 248 1,099 148 234 53 121 5571999R59,073 76,100R17,043 –R624R152,840 576 (s) 260 243 1,080 144 223 55 120 5412000R59,410 75,887R15,440 –R577R151,315 556 (s) 184 248 988 138 238 34 123 5332001R54,735 71,765R13,457 –R693R140,650 581 (s) 245 259 1,085 206 187 39 156 5872002R56,665 67,460R11,719 –R640R136,484 639 (s) 221 303 1,163 231 181 36 170 6182003R52,390 62,598R13,173 – 783R128,944 401 (s) 135 224 761 102 155 28 119 4042004R55,744 65,413R14,570 –R1,044R136,771 415 (s) 136 227 779 95 157 25 100 3762005R53,675 59,216R13,791 –R1,145R127,826 395 (s) 124 241 760 75 117 27 104 3222006R52,418 61,035R12,185 –R1,703R127,341 419 (s) 161 218 798 86 134 26 117 3622007R48,282 57,467R11,860 –R1,609R119,218 353 1 154 217 726 79 129 26 113 3462008R46,514 52,261R7,103 –R798R106,675 411 1 103 217 731 93 107 16 84 3002009 41,268 54,031 7,529 – 824 103,651 256 (s) 98 214 569 73 108 15 81 2771Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.2Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal.3Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.4Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.5Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam.6Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel.7Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.8Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.9Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.R=Revised. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons.Notes:•Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermaloutput.•See Table 11.6b for electric power sector data.•See Note 2, "Classification of Power PlantsInto Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.•See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.•Totals maynot equal sums of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:**Carbon Dioxide:**U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on FormEIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms).**Sulfur Dioxide**and**Nitroge n** **Oxides:**EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessorforms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Continuous EmissionsMonitoring System.Figure 11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With EnvironmentalEquipmentBy Fuel and Equipment Type, 2009Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-20092 Coal Units by Equipment Type, Petroleum and Natural Gas Units1985-20092 by Equipment Type, 1985-20092332 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Coal UnitsPetroleum and Natural Gas UnitsParticulate Collectors

Thousand Megawatts3331661672676(s)Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Flue Gas Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Flue Gas0501001502002503003501985 1990 1995 2000 20050100200300400

Thousand MegawattsFlue Gas Desulfurization1Particulate CollectorsCooling TowersFlue Gas Desulfurization1Particulate CollectorsDesulfurization1Desulfurization1Cooling TowersCooling Towers1Also called “scrubbers.”2Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001,data are for electric utility and unregulatedgenerating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) inoperating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts orgreater, or combustible-renewable steam electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.Note: • Components are not additive because some generators are included in more thanone category.Source: Table 11.7.1985 1990 1995 2000 20050100200300400

Thousand Megawatts1985 1990 1995 2000 2005020406080

Thousand MegawattsU. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 333**T able 11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment,** **1985-2009**(Megawatts)**Year Coal** **Petroleum and Natural Gas Total** 1**Particulate Collectors** **Cooling Towers** **Flue Gas Desulfurization** **(Scrubbers) Total** 2**Particulate Collectors** **Cooling Towers** **Flue Gas Desulfurization** **(Scrubbers) Total** 2**Particulate Collectors** **Cooling Towers** **Flue Gas Desulfurization** **(Scrubbers) Total** 21985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,486 57,020 367,0781986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,650 63,800 370,8351987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,786 65,753 371,6681988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,800 67,221 372,5551989 313,680 131,701 67,469 315,521 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,087 67,534 375,2571990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,557 69,122 376,8941991 319,046 135,565 70,474 319,110 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,910 164,632 70,734 378,8831992 319,856 136,266 71,336 319,918 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,365 165,030 71,531 379,0341993 318,188 135,885 71,106 318,251 32,620 28,922 – 58,580 350,808 164,807 71,106 376,8311994 319,485 137,266 80,617 319,776 31,695 28,186 – 57,123 351,180 165,452 80,617 376,8991995 320,685 138,108 84,677 320,749 30,513 27,187 – 54,942 351,198 165,295 84,677 375,6911996 321,805 139,065 85,842 321,869 30,349 27,685 – 55,275 352,154 166,749 85,842 377,1441997 320,646 138,120 86,605 320,710 31,422 28,766 – 56,485 352,068 166,886 86,605 377,1951998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 – 55,764 351,790 166,896 87,783 377,1171999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 – 55,812 353,480 175,520 89,666 387,1922000 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 – 57,697 352,727 175,520 89,675 386,43820013329,187 154,747 97,804 329,187 31,575 34,649 184 61,634 360,762 189,396 97,988 390,8212002 329,459 154,750 98,363 329,459 29,879 45,920 310 72,008 359,338 200,670 98,673 401,3412003 328,587 155,158 99,257 328,587 29,422 55,770 310 81,493 358,009 210,928 99,567 409,9542004 328,506 157,968 101,182 328,506 27,402 57,082 310 81,450 355,782 214,989 101,492 409,7692005 328,720 158,493 101,338 328,720 27,005 59,214 310 83,307 355,599 217,646 101,648 411,8402006 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA2007R328,029 159,388 118,739R328,336R26,496R69,497R285R93,066R354,407R228,704R119,024R421,1202008R329,099R161,234 139,877R329,513R26,565R73,315R346R96,984R355,517R234,254R140,223R426,0732009 332,546 165,795 167,172 332,546 25,925 75,770 346 98,756 358,342 241,347 167,517 430,9561Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.2Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category.3Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.R=Revised. NA=Not available. – =No data reported.Note: See "Cooling Tower," "Flue Gas Desulfurization," and "Particulate Collectors" in Glossary.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources:•1985-1996—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-767, "Steam-ElectricPlant Operation and Design Report."•1997-2005—EIA,Electric Power Annual 2008(January 2010),Table 3.10, and Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report."•2007forward—EIA,Electric Power Annual 2009(January 2011), Table 3.10, and Form EIA-860, "Annual ElectricGenerator Report."EnvironmentNote. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass EnergyCombustion.Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass toproduce energy are excluded from the total energy-related CO2emissions reported intheAnnual Energy ReviewSection 11, but appear separately in Tables 11.2–11.3e.According to current international convention (see the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change’s “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”), carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded fromreported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock isgrown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not tosay that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are required in order togrow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to produce and process the biomassinto fuels.)However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may resultin a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks,leading to a net positive release of carbonrather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reportedenergy-related emissions. For example, the clearing of forests for biofuel cropscould result in an initial release of carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequentuse of the land for agriculture.To reflect the potential net emissions, the international convention for greenhousegas inventories is to report biomass emissions in the category “agriculture, forestry,and other land use,” usually based on estimates of net changes in carbon stocks overtime.This indirect accounting of CO2emissions from biomass can potentially lead toconfusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2emissions withinenergy and non-energy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of CO2emissions from biomass combustion alongside other energy-related CO2emissionsoffers an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, however, to avoidmisinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy sources asnecessarily additive. Instead, the combined total of direct CO2emissions frombiomass and energy-related CO2emissions implicitly assumes that none of thecarbon emitted was previously or subsequentlyreabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or thatother emissions sources offset any such sequestration.334 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Using Thermal Conversion FactorsThe thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content inBritish thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energymeasured in physical units, such as barrelsor cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels ofasphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this sectionrepresent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heatcontent rates are applied in all Btu calculations for theAnnual Energy Reviewandare commonly used in energy calculationsin the United States; net (or lower) heatcontent rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The differencebetween the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize waterthat is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different intheir gross and net heat content rates. See “Heat Content” and “British thermal unit(Btu)” in the Glossary for more information.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factorsfor each hydrocarbon included in the mix.For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times thethermal conversion factor for propane.In general, the annual thermal conversionfactors presented in Tables A2 throughA6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and arelabeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminaryvalue until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. Thesource of each factor is described inthe section entitled “Thermal ConversionFactor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in this appendix.Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See “Heat Content” in Glossary.Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_a.html.1Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel heat contents.2See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents beginning in 1994, and for fuel ethanol heatcontents.5.796Miscellaneous................................................5.537Waxes.....................................................5.418Unfractionated Stream...........................................5.825Unfinished Oils...............................................6.000Still Gas....................................................5.248Special Naphthas..............................................6.636Road Oil....................................................6.287Residual Fuel Oil..............................................3.836Propane....................................................5.418Plant Condensate..............................................6.024Petroleum Coke...............................................6.000Still Gas.................................................5.825Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F............................5.248Naphtha less than 401° F.......................................Petrochemical Feedstocks4.620Pentanes Plus.................................................4.620Natural Gasoline...............................................5.150Reformulated..............................................5.150Oxygenated...............................................5.253Conventional..............................................Motor Gasoline26.065Lubricants...................................................5.670Kerosene...................................................5.355Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type...........................................5.670Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type..........................................3.974Isobutane...................................................3.308Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent)...........................3.082Ethane.....................................................5.825Distillate Fuel Oil1..............................................4.130Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent)..........................4.326Butane.....................................................5.048Aviation Gasoline..............................................6.636Asphalt....................................................Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products(Million Btu per Barrel)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 335Appendix ABritish Thermal Unit Conversion Factors336 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Btu per Barrel)**Year Production** **Imports Exports** **Crude Oil**1**Natural Gas Plant Liquids** **Crude Oil**1**Petroleum Products** **Total Crude Oil** 1**Petroleum Products** **Total**1949 5.800 4.544 5.952 6.261 6.059 5.800 5.651 5.6921950 5.800 4.522 5.943 6.263 6.080 5.800 5.751 5.7661955 5.800 4.406 5.924 6.234 6.040 5.800 5.765 5.7681960 5.800 4.295 5.911 6.161 6.021 5.800 5.835 5.8341965 5.800 4.264 5.872 6.123 5.997 5.800 5.742 5.7431970 5.800 4.146 5.822 6.088 5.985 5.800 5.811 5.8101975 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 5.747 5.7481976 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 5.743 5.7451977 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 5.796 5.7971978 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 5.814 5.8081979 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 5.864 5.8321980 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 5.841 5.8201981 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 5.837 5.8211982 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 5.829 5.8201983 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 5.800 5.8001984 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 5.867 5.8501985 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 5.819 5.8141986 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 5.839 5.8321987 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 5.860 5.8581988 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 5.842 5.8401989 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 5.869 5.8571990 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 5.838 5.8331991 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 5.827 5.8231992 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 5.774 5.7771993 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 5.777 5.7791994 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 5.777 5.7791995 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 5.740 5.7461996 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 5.728 5.7361997 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 5.726 5.7341998 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 5.710 5.7201999 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 5.684 5.6992000 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 5.651 5.6582001 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 5.751 5.7522002 5.800 3.729 5.971 5.451 5.863 5.800 5.687 5.6882003 5.800 3.739 5.970 5.438 5.857 5.800 5.739 5.7402004 5.800 3.724 5.981 5.475 5.863 5.800 5.753 5.7542005 5.800 3.724 5.977 5.474 5.845 5.800 5.741 5.7432006 5.800 3.712 5.980 5.454 5.842 5.800 5.723 5.7242007 5.800 3.701 5.985 5.503 5.862 5.800 5.749 5.7502008 5.800 3.706 5.990 5.479 5.866 5.800 5.762 5.7622009 5.800R3.692R5.988R5.525R5.882 5.800R5.737R5.7382010P5.800 3.677 5.989 5.566 5.896 5.800 5.696 5.6981Includes lease condensate.R=Revised. P=Preliminary.Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 337**T able A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Btu per Barrel)**Year Total Petroleum** 1**Consumption by Sector Liquefied** **Petroleum Gases** **Consumption**6**Motor Gasoline** **Consumption**7**Fuel Ethanol** 8**Fuel Ethanol** **Feedstock Factor** 9**Biodiesel Biodiesel** **Feedstock Factor** 10**Residential Commercial** 2**Industrial**2**Trans portation** 2,3**Electric Power** 4,5**Total**21949R5.484R5.813R5.957 5.465 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NANANANA1950R5.473R5.817R5.953 5.461 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NANANANA1955R5.469R5.781R5.881R5.407 6.254 5.591 4.011 5.253 NANANANA1960R5.417R5.781R5.818R5.387 6.267 5.555 4.011 5.253 NANANANA1965R5.364R5.760R5.748R5.386 6.267 5.532 4.011 5.253 NANANANA1970R5.260R5.708R5.595 5.393 6.252 5.50363.779 5.253 NANANANA1975R5.253R5.649R5.513 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 5.253 NANANANA1976R5.277R5.672R5.523R5.396 6.251 5.504 3.711 5.253 NANANANA1977R5.285R5.682R5.539R5.401 6.249 5.518 3.677 5.253 NANANANA1978R5.287R5.665R5.536R5.405 6.251 5.519 3.669 5.253 NANANANA1979R5.365R5.717R5.409R5.429 6.258 5.494 3.680 5.253 NANANANA1980R5.321R5.751R5.366R5.441 6.254 5.479 3.674 5.253 3.5636.586NANA1981R5.283R5.693R5.299R5.433 6.258 5.448 3.643 5.253 3.5636.562NANA1982R5.266R5.698R5.247R5.423 6.258 5.415 3.615 5.253 3.5636.539NANA1983R5.140R5.591R5.254R5.416 6.255 5.406 3.614 5.253 3.5636.515NANA1984R5.307R5.657R5.207 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 5.253 3.5636.492NANA1985R5.263R5.598R5.199R5.423 6.247 5.387 3.603 5.253 3.5636.469NANA1986R5.268R5.632R5.269R5.426 6.257 5.418 3.640 5.253 3.5636.446NANA1987R5.239R5.594R5.233 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 5.253 3.5636.423NANA1988R5.257R5.597R5.228 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 5.253 3.5636.400NANA1989R5.194R5.549R5.219R5.43846.240 5.410 3.683 5.253 3.5636.377NANA1990R5.145R5.553R5.253 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 5.253 3.5636.355NANA1991R5.094R5.528R5.167R5.441 6.246 5.384 3.614 5.253 3.5636.332NANA1992R5.124R5.513R5.168R5.443 6.238 5.378 3.624 5.253 3.5636.309NANA1993R5.1022,R5.5052,R5.17825.436 6.23025.379 3.606 5.253 3.5636.287NANA1994R5.098R5.515R5.150 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.63575.230 3.5636.264NANA1995R5.063R5.478R5.121 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 5.215 3.5636.242NANA1996R4.998R5.433R5.114 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 5.216 3.5636.220NANA1997R4.989R5.391R5.120 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 5.213 3.5636.198NANA1998R4.975R5.365R5.137 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 5.212 3.5636.176NANA1999R4.902R5.291R5.092 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 5.211 3.5636.167NANA2000R4.908R5.316R5.057R5.422 6.189 5.326 3.607 5.210 3.5636.159NANA2001R4.937R5.325R5.142 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 5.210 3.5636.1515.3595.4332002R4.886R5.293R5.093R5.411 6.173 5.324 3.613 5.208 3.5636.1435.3595.4332003R4.907R5.307R5.142R5.409 6.182 5.340 3.629 5.207 3.5636.1165.3595.4332004R4.953R5.328R5.144R5.421 6.192 5.350 3.618 5.215 3.5636.0895.3595.4332005R4.916R5.364R5.178R5.427 6.188 5.365 3.620 5.218 3.5636.0635.3595.4332006R4.894R5.310R5.160 5.431 6.143 5.353 3.605 5.218 3.5636.0365.3595.4332007R4.850R5.298R5.127R5.434 6.151 5.346 3.591 5.219 3.5636.0095.3595.4332008R4.732R5.175R5.149 5.426 6.123 5.339 3.600 5.218 3.5635.9835.3595.4332009R4.691R5.266R5.018 5.414 6.105R5.301R3.558 5.218 3.5635.9575.3595.4332010E4.701E5.280E5.014E5.420P6.085P5.300P3.558P5.218P3.5615.9305.3595.4331Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel.Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in each category are calculated by usingheat content values shown in Table A1.2Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.3Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.4Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.5Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.6There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.7There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown inTable A1.8Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors areweighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus usedas denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant (5.253million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 1980-2008.9Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol),used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. Observedethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68in2002, and 2.764 in 2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heatcontent of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a gross heat contentof3.539 million Btu per barrel.10Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel), used asthe factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. It is assumed that 7.65 poundsofsoybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are neededto produce one barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu perpound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross heat content of 17,253 Btu perpound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.Notes:•Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation petroleum heat contents are revisedbeginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology.•The heat content values in this tableare for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.338 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Btu per Cubic Foot)**Year Production** **Consumption**1**Imports Exports** **Marketed Dry** **End-Use Sectors**2**Electric Power Sector**3**Total**1949 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1,0351950 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1,0351955 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,0351960 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,0351965 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,0321970 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,0311975 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1,0141976 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1,0131977 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1,0131978 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1,0131979 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1,0131980 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1,0131981 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1,0111982 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1,0111983 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1,0101984 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1,0101985 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1,0111986 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1,0081987 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1,0111988 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1,0181989 1,107 1,031 1,03131,028 1,031 1,004 1,0191990 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1,0181991 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1,0221992 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1,0181993 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1,0161994 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1,0111995 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1,0111996 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1,0111997 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1,0111998 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1,0111999 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 1,0062000 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 1,0062001 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,026 1,028 1,023 1,0102002 1,106 1,027 1,029 1,020 1,027 1,022 1,0082003 1,106 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,025 1,0092004 1,104 1,026 1,026 1,027 1,026 1,025 1,0092005 1,104 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 1,0092006 1,103 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 1,0092007 1,104 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,025 1,0092008 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,025 1,0092009R1,101R1,025R1,025 1,025R1,025 1,025 1,0092010E1,101E1,024E1,025P1,022E1,024E1,025E1,0091Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.2Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.3Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. – – =Not applicable.Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 339**T able A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Million Btu per Short Ton)**Year Coal** **Coal Coke Production** 1**Waste Coal Supplied** 2**Consumption Imports** **Exports Imports** **and Exports** **Residential and Commercial** **Sectors Industrial Sector** **Electric Power** **Sector**4,5**Total Coke Plants** **Other**31949 24.916 NA 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 26.759 24.8001950 25.090 NA 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 26.788 24.8001955 25.201 NA 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 26.907 24.8001960 24.906 NA 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 26.939 24.8001965 24.775 NA 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 26.973 24.8001970 23.842 NA 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 26.982 24.8001975 22.897 NA 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 26.562 24.8001976 22.855 NA 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 26.601 24.8001977 22.597 NA 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 26.548 24.8001978 22.248 NA 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 26.478 24.8001979 22.454 NA 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 26.548 24.8001980 22.415 NA 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 26.384 24.8001981 22.308 NA 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 26.160 24.8001982 22.239 NA 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 26.223 24.8001983 22.052 NA 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 26.291 24.8001984 22.010 NA 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 26.402 24.8001985 21.870 NA 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 26.307 24.8001986 21.913 NA 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 26.292 24.8001987 21.922 NA 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 26.291 24.8001988 21.823 NA 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 26.299 24.8001989 21.765210.391 23.650 26.800 22.347420.898 21.307 25.000 26.160 24.8001990 21.822 9.303 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 26.202 24.8001991 21.681 10.758 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 26.188 24.8001992 21.682 10.396 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 26.161 24.8001993 21.418 10.638 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 26.335 24.8001994 21.394 11.097 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 26.329 24.8001995 21.326 11.722 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 26.180 24.8001996 21.322 12.147 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 26.174 24.8001997 21.296 12.158 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 26.251 24.8001998 21.418 12.639 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 26.800 24.8001999 21.070 12.552 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 26.081 24.8002000 21.072 12.360 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 26.117 24.8002001120.772 12.169 24.909 27.426 22.622 20.337 20.671 25.000 25.998 24.8002002 20.673 12.165 22.962 27.426 22.562 20.238 20.541 25.000 26.062 24.8002003 20.499 12.360 22.242 27.425 22.468 20.082 20.387 25.000 25.972 24.8002004 20.424 12.266 22.324 27.426 22.473 19.980 20.290 25.000 26.108 24.8002005 20.348 12.093 22.342 26.279 22.178 19.988 20.246 25.000 25.494 24.8002006 20.310 12.080 22.066 26.271 22.050 19.931 20.181 25.000 25.453 24.8002007 20.340 12.090 22.069 26.329 22.371 19.909 20.168 25.000 25.466 24.8002008 20.208 12.121 21.887 26.281 22.348 19.713 19.977 25.000 25.399 24.8002009R19.969R11.862R22.059 26.334 21.893R19.521R19.742 25.000 25.633 24.8002010P20.192 11.755 21.254 26.296 21.909 19.612 19.858 25.000 25.713 24.8001Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).2Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption."3Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.4Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.5Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, wastecoal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.340 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010**T able A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2010** (Btu per Kilowatthour)**Year Approximate Heat Rates** 1**for Electricity Net Generation Heat Content** 6**of Electricity** 7**Fossil Fuels**2,3**Nuclear**4**Geothermal**51949 15,033 – – – – 3,4121950 14,030 – – – – 3,4121955 11,699 – – – – 3,4121960 10,760 11,629 23,200 3,4121965 10,453 11,804 22,182 3,4121970 10,494 10,977 21,606 3,4121975 10,406 11,013 21,611 3,4121976 10,373 11,047 21,611 3,4121977 10,435 10,769 21,611 3,4121978 10,361 10,941 21,611 3,4121979 10,353 10,879 21,545 3,4121980 10,388 10,908 21,639 3,4121981 10,453 11,030 21,639 3,4121982 10,454 11,073 21,629 3,4121983 10,520 10,905 21,290 3,4121984 10,440 10,843 21,303 3,4121985 10,447 10,622 21,263 3,4121986 10,446 10,579 21,263 3,4121987 10,419 10,442 21,263 3,4121988 10,324 10,602 21,096 3,4121989 10,432 10,583 21,096 3,4121990 10,402 10,582 21,096 3,4121991 10,436 10,484 20,997 3,4121992 10,342 10,471 20,914 3,4121993 10,309 10,504 20,914 3,4121994 10,316 10,452 20,914 3,4121995 10,312 10,507 20,914 3,4121996 10,340 10,503 20,960 3,4121997 10,213 10,494 20,960 3,4121998 10,197 10,491 21,017 3,4121999 10,226 10,450 21,017 3,4122000 10,201 10,429 21,017 3,4122001210,333 10,443 21,017 3,4122002 10,173 10,442 21,017 3,4122003 10,241 10,421 21,017 3,4122004 10,022 10,427 21,017 3,4122005 9,999 10,436 21,017 3,4122006 9,919 10,436 21,017 3,4122007 9,884 10,485 21,017 3,4122008 9,854 10,453 21,017 3,4122009R9,760R10,460 21,017 3,4122010E9,760E10,460E21,017 3,4121The values in columns 1-3 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.2Used as the thermal conversion factors for hydro, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, and windelectricity net generation to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through2000, also used as the thermal conversion factors for wood and waste electricity net generation at electricutilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.3Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and electricity-only independent powerproducers.4Used as the thermal conversion factors for nuclear electricity net generation.5Technology-based heat rates for geothermal electricity net generation. Beginning with theAnnualEnergy Review 2010,the technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used as thermalconversion factors in Btu calculations in this report but are retained on this table for purposesofcomparison.6See "Heat Content" in Glossary.7The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor forelectricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.R=Revised. E=Estimate. – – =Not applicable.Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.Approximate Heat Content of Petroleumand Natural Gas Plant LiquidsAsphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermalconversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimatedby the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual,1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btuper barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern TransmissionCorporation publicationCompetition and Growth in American Energy Markets1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326million Btu per barrel as published in theCalifornia Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. SeeButaneandPropane.Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal tothe thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. SeeCrude Oil Production.Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for each type of crudeoil imported weighted by the quantitiesimported. Thermal conversion factors foreach type were calculated on a foreigncountry basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 andconverting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau ofStandards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97,Thermal Properties of PetroleumProducts, 1933.Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 millionBtu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values ofVarious Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internalmemorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of VariousFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.082million Btu per barrel as published in theCalifornia Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308million Btu per barrel basedon an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 30 percent propane. SeeEthaneandPropane.Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.974million Btu per barrel as published in theCalifornia Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factorof 5.670 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, Commercial” as published by the TexasEastern Transmission Corporation in the reportCompetition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factorof 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, Military” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the reportCompetition and Growth in AmericanEnergy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670million Btu per barrel as reported in aBureau of Mines internal memorandum,“Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, AdoptedJanuary 3, 1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption.• 1949–1966: U.S. Department of theInterior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, “Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constant value of 4.011 million Btu perbarrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see Table A1)weighted by the quantities consumed. Thecomponent products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propane (including propylene), normalbutane (including butylene), butane-propanemixtures, ethane-propane mixtures,and isobutane. For 1967–1980, quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy DataReports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantitiesconsumed are from EIA,Petroleum Supply Annual, Table 2.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 341Thermal Conversion Factor Source DocumentationLubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu perbarrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Motor Gasoline Consumption.• 1949–1993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Minesthermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, MotorFuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix VofCompetition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968release of historical and projected statistics. • 1994 forward: EIA calculatednational annual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor forconventional motor gasoline is 5.253 millionBtu per barrel, as used for previousyears. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150million Btu per barrel, are based on datapublished in Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003,“Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of ReformulatedGasoline.” SeeFuel Ethanol (Denatured).Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factorsfor each natural gas plant liquid producedweighted by the quantities produced.Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btuper barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btuor equal to that for natural gasoline. SeeNatural Gasoline.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for specialnaphthas. SeeSpecial Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F. Assumedby EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor fordistillate fuel oil. SeeDistillate Fuel Oil.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu perbarrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. SeeStill Gas.Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btuper barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,Adopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given inthe referenced Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as given in the Bureau of MinesForm 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as theaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed bythe commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by thecommercial sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see documentation athttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA asthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumedby the electric power sector weighted by the quantities consumed by the electricpower sector. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” andpredecessor forms.Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as theaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed bythe industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the industrialsector. The quantities of petroleum productsconsumed by the industrial sector areestimated in the State Energy Data System—see documentation athttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as theaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed bythe residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the residential sectorare estimated in the State EnergyData System—see documentation athttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of thethermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed weighted by thequantities consumed.Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA asthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumedby the transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by thetransportation sector. The quantities ofpetroleum products consumed by the342 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010transportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see documentation at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of thethermal conversion factors for each petroleum product exportedweighted by thequantities exported.Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of thethermal conversion factors for each petroleum product imported weighted by thequantities imported.Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from dataprovided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836million Btu per barrel as published in theCalifornia Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btuper barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (seeAsphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the totalgasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual,1970.Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weightedby the quantities exported. SeeCrude Oil ExportsandPetroleum ProductsExports.Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type ofcrude oil and petroleum product importedweighted by the quantities imported. SeeCrude Oil ImportsandPetroleum Products Imports.Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 millionBtu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil (seeDistillate Fuel Oil) and firstpublished it in EIA’sAnnual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418million Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant condensate (seePlantCondensate) and first published it in EIA’sAnnual Report to Congress, Volume2, 1981.Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversionfactor of 5.537 million Btu per barrelas estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement,Annual, 1956.Approximate Heat Content of BiofuelsBiodiesel.EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for biodiesel to be 5.359million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per pound.Biodiesel Feedstock.EIA used soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel(million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel)as the factor to estimate total biomassinputs to the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds of soybeanoil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu ofsoybean oil are needed to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed thatsoybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 millionBtu per barrel.Ethanol (Undenatured).EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 3.539 millionBtu per barrel published in “Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels,” a paper presentedby William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conferenceon Reformulated Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington, D.C.,October 1991.Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).• 1981–2008: EIA used the 2009 factor. • 2009forward: Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity-weighted average of the thermalconversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 millionBtu per barrel), pentanesplus used as denaturant (4.620 millionBtu per barrel), and conventional motorgasoline used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of ethanolconsumed is from EIA’sPetroleum Supply Annual (PSA)andPetroleum SupplyMonthly (PSM), Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus used as denaturant is fromPSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production ofpentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor gasoline andU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 343motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is fromPSA/PSM, Table 1,data for renewable fuels and oxygenateplant net production of conventional motorgasoline and motor gasoline blending components, multiplied by -1.Fuel Ethanol Feedstock.EIA used corn input to the production of undenaturedethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Departmentof Agriculture observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn)were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated theethanol yields in other years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat content of0.392 million Btu per bushel.Approximate Heat Content of Natural GasNatural Gas Consumption,Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIAby dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector bythe quantity consumed. Data are fromForm EIA-923, “Power Plant OperationsReport,” and predecessor forms.Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the end-use sectors(residential, commercial, industrial, andtransportation) by the quantity consumed.Data are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental GasSupply and Disposition.”Natural Gas Consumption, Total. • 1949–1962: EIA adopted the thermalconversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Minesand first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. • 1963–1979: EIAadopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA) and published inGas Facts, an AGA annual publication. • 1980forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of natural gasconsumed by the total quantity consumed.Natural Gas Exports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (seeNatural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas exported by the quantityexported. For 1973–1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy,NaturalGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Imports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (seeNatural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas imported by the quantityimported. For 1973–1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy,NaturalGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed. SeeNatural Gas Consumption, Total.Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing theheat content of dry natural gas produced (seeNatural Gas Production, Dry) andnatural gas plant liquids produced (seeNatural Gas Plant Liquids Production) bythe total quantity of marketed natural gas produced.Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal CokeCoal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of24.800 million Btu per short ton.Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector by thequantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant OperationsReport,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants. Calculated annually by EIAby dividing the heat content of coal consumed by coke plants by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and QualityReport—Coke Plants.”Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufacturing plants by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and QualityReport—Manufacturing Plants.”Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial Sectors. Calculated annually byEIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the residential and commercial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 1999, data are from Form EIA-6,“Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in 2000, data are for commercial combined344 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010heat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant OperationsReport,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heatcontent of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quantity consumed.Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steamcoal and metallurgical coal exported bythe quantity exported. Data are from U.S.Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly Report EM 545.”Coal Imports. • 1949–1963: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heatcontent of coal imported by the quantityimported. • 1963 forward: Assumed byEIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance the heat content of coalsupply (production and imports) and the heatcontent of coal disposition (exports,stock change, and consumption).Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat contentof waste coal supplied by the quantity supplied. For 1989–1997, data are fromForm EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report.” For 1998–2000,data are from Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility.”For 2001 forward, data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption andQuality Report—Manufacturing Plants”;Form EIA-923, “Power Plant OperationsReport”; and predecessor forms.Approximate Heat Rates for ElectricityElectricity Net Generation, Fossil Fuels. There is no generally accepted practicefor measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants that generate electricityfrom hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources.Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual average heat ratefactor for fossil-fueled powerplants in the United States. By using that factor, it ispossible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for replacing those sources during periods of interruption, such as droughts. The heat content of a kilowatthour ofelectricity produced, regardless of the generation process, is 3,412 Btu. • 1949–1955:The weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants inthe United States, as published by EIA inThermal-Electric Plant ConstructionCost and Annual Production Expenses—1981andSteam-Electric PlantConstruction Cost and Annual Production Expenses—1978. • 1956–1988: Theweighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants inthe United States, as published in EIA,Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 9. • 1989–2000: Calculated annually by EIA by usingheat rate data reported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report” (andpredecessor forms); and netgeneration data reportedon Form EIA-759, “MonthlyPower Plant Report.” The computation includes data for all electric utility steamelectric plants using fossil fuels. • 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA byusing fuel consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, “PowerPlant Operations Report,” and predecessorforms. The computation includes data forall electric utilities and electricity-only independent power producers using fossilfuels.Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal. • 1960–1981: Calculated annually byEIA by weighting the annual average heatrates of operating geothermal units bythe installed nameplate capacities as reported on Form FPC-12, “Power SystemStatement.” • 1982 forward: Estimated annually by EIA on the basis of an informal survey of relevant plants.Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. • 1957–1984: Calculated annually bydividing the total heat content consumed in nuclear generating units by the total(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat content and electricity generation were reported on Form FERC-1, “Annual Report of MajorElectric Utilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form EIA-412, “Annual Report ofPublic Electric Utilities”; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the factors werepublished in EIA,Historical Plant Cost and Annual Production Expenses forSelected Electric Plants 1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors werepublished in EIA,Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991,Table 13. •1985 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat ratereported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report” (and predecessor forms), and the generation reported on Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report” (and predecessor forms).U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 345Data presented in theAnnual Energy Reviewand in other U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are expressed predominately in units thathistorically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units,barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerceinvolves other nations, most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S.Government is committed to the transition to the metric system, as stated inthe Metric Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94–168), amended by theOmnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (Public Law 100–418), andExecutive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate themetric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. Forexample, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons x0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).In the metric system of weights and measures, the names of multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived by combining the name of the unit with prefixes,such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100, 1,000, and deci,centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth, one-hundredth, andone-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be found in Table B2.The conversion factors presented in Table B3can be used to calculate equivalents invarious physical units commonly used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrelsare the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42 gallons/barrel = 420gallons).U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 347Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes,and Other Physical Conversion Factors348 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam,London, 1956.dTo convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to theInternational System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SIunits, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B,Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp. 28 and 29.degrees Celsius (oC)100a=212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)degrees Celsius (oC)0a=32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)Temperaturedmegajoules (MJ)3.6a=1 kilowatthour (kWh)joules (J)4.186 8a=1 calorie (cal)joules (J)1,055.055 852 62a=1 British thermal unit (Btu)cEnergysquare centimeters (cm2)6.451 6a=1 square inch (in2)square meters (m2)0.092 903 04a=1 square foot (ft2)square meters (m2)0.836 127 4=1 square yard (yd2)square kilometers (km2)2.589 988=1 square mile (mi2)hectares (ha)0.404 69=1 acreAreacentimeters (cm)2.54a=1 inch (in)meters (m)0.304 8a=1 foot (ft)meters (m)0.914 4a=1 yard (yd)kilometers (km)1.609 344a=1 mile (mi)Lengthmilliliters (mL)16.387 06=1 cubic inch (in3)milliliters (mL)29.573 53=1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)liters (L)3.785 412=1 U.S. gallon (gal)cubic meters (m3)0.028 316 85=1 cubic foot (ft3)cubic meters (m3)0.764 555=1 cubic yard (yd3)cubic meters (m3)0.158 987 3=1 barrel of oil (bbl)Volumegrams (g)28.349 52=1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)kilograms uranium (kgU)0.384 647b=1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8)kilograms (kg)0.453 592 37a=1 pound (lb)metric tons (t)1.016 047=1 long tonmetric tons (t)0.907 184 7=1 short ton (2,000 lb)MassMetric UnitsEquivalent inU.S. UnitType of UnitTable B1. Metric Conversion FactorsU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 349aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17and C-21.cubic feet (ft3)128a=1 cord (cd)shorts tons1.25b=1 cord (cd)Woodkilograms (kg)1,000a=1 metric ton (t)pounds (lb)2,240a=1 long tonpounds (lb)2,000a=1 short tonCoalU.S. gallons (gal)42a=1 barrel (bbl)Petroleumalent in Final UnitsEquivOriginal UnitEnergy SourceTable B3. Other Physical Conversion FactorsWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,The International System of Units (SI), NISTSpecial Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.yyocto10-24Yyotta1024zzepto10-21Zzetta1021aatto10-18Eexa1018ffemto10-15Ppeta1015ppico10-12Ttera1012nnano10-9Ggiga109μmicro10-6Mmega106mmilli10-3kkilo103ccenti10-2hhecto102ddeci10-1dadeka101SymbolPrefixUnit SubdivisionSymbolPrefixUnit MultipleTable B2. Metric PrefixesU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 351Appendix CFigure C1. U.S. Census Regions and DivisionsNote: Map not to scale.Web Page: See www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 353Appendix D**T able D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2010** **Year Population** **U.S. Gross Domestic Product United States** 1**World United States** **as Share of World Billion** **Nominal Dollars**2**Billion Real (2005) Dollars** 3**Implicit Price Deflator**4**(2005 = 1.00000) Million People** **Percent**1949 149.2 NA NA 267.2 1,844.7 0.144861950 152.3R2,556.5 6.0 293.7 2,006.0 .146441955 165.9R2,781.2 6.0 414.7 2,500.3 .165871960 180.7R3,042.4 5.9 526.4 2,830.9 .185961965 194.3R3,350.2 5.8 719.1 3,610.1 .199191970 205.1R3,713.0 5.5 1,038.3 4,269.9 .243171975 216.0R4,090.4 5.3 1,637.7 4,879.5 .335631976 218.0R4,161.6 5.2 1,824.6 5,141.3 .354891977 220.2R4,233.6 5.2 2,030.1 5,377.7 .377511978 222.6R4,305.7 5.2 2,293.8 5,677.6 .404001979 225.1R4,380.7 5.1 2,562.2 5,855.0 .437611980 227.2R4,452.9 5.1 2,788.1 5,839.0 .477511981 229.5R4,535.7 5.1 3,126.8 5,987.2 .522251982 231.7R4,615.6 5.0 3,253.2 5,870.9 .554121983 233.8R4,696.6 5.0 3,534.6 6,136.2 .576031984 235.8R4,776.7 4.9 3,930.9 6,577.1 .597661985 237.9R4,858.3 4.9 4,217.5 6,849.3 .615761986 240.1R4,942.0 4.9 4,460.1 7,086.5 .629371987 242.3R5,028.3 4.8 4,736.4 7,313.3 .647641988 244.5R5,115.2 4.8 5,100.4 7,613.9 .669881989 246.8R5,201.8R4.7 5,482.1 7,885.9 .695181990 249.6R5,289.0 4.7 5,800.5 8,033.9 .722011991 253.0R5,372.0 4.7 5,992.1 8,015.1 .747601992 256.5R5,456.7 4.7 6,342.3 8,287.1 .765331993 259.9R5,538.8 4.7 6,667.4 8,523.4 .782241994 263.1R5,619.4 4.7 7,085.2 8,870.7 .798721995 266.3R5,700.3 4.7 7,414.7 9,093.7 .815361996 269.4R5,780.5 4.7 7,838.5 9,433.9 .830881997 272.6R5,859.1 4.7 8,332.4 9,854.3 .845551998 275.9R5,936.7R4.6 8,793.5 10,283.5 .855111999 279.0R6,013.5 4.6 9,353.5 10,779.8 .867682000 282.2R6,089.6 4.6 9,951.5 11,226.0 .886472001R285.0R6,166.1 4.6 10,286.2 11,347.2 .906502002R287.7R6,242.3 4.6 10,642.3 11,553.0 .921182003R290.2R6,318.0 4.6 11,142.1 11,840.7 .941002004R292.9R6,393.7 4.6 11,867.8 12,263.8 .967702005R295.6R6,469.7 4.6 12,638.4 12,638.4 1.000002006R298.4R6,546.3 4.6 13,398.9 12,976.2 1.032572007R301.4R6,623.9 4.6R14,061.8R13,228.9R1.062962008R304.2R6,701.0R4.5R14,369.1R13,228.8R1.086192009R306.7R6,776.8 4.5R14,119.0R12,880.6R1.096152010 309.1 6,852.5 4.5 14,660.4 13,248.2 1.106591Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year.2See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.3In chained (2005) dollars. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.4The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2005)dollars.R=Revised. NA=Not available.Web Pages:•See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices for all data beginning in1949.•For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.gov/.Sources:**U.S. Population:**•1949-1989—U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), U.S. Bureau of theCensus, Current Population Reports Series P-25, June 2000.•1990-1999—DOC, U.S. Bureau of theCensus, State Population Estimates, April 11, 2002.•2000 forward—DOC, U.S. Bureau of the Census,State Population Estimates, February 2011.**World Population:**•1950 forward—DOC, U.S. Bureauofthe Census, International Database (April 11, 2011).**U.S. Gross Domestic Product:**•1949forward—DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts (March 25, 2011),Tables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 355**T able E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945** (Quadrillion Btu)**Year Fossil Fuels** **Renewable Energy Electricity** **Net Imports** **Total Coal** **Natural Gas** **Petroleum Total** **Conventional Hydroelectric** **Power Biomass** **Total Wood** 11635 NA – – – – NA – – (s) (s) – – (s)1645 NA – – – – NA – – 0.001 0.001 – – 0.0011655 NA – – – – NA – – .002 .002 – – .0021665 NA – – – – NA – – .005 .005 – – .0051675 NA – – – – NA – – .007 .007 – – .0071685 NA – – – – NA – – .009 .009 – – .0091695 NA – – – – NA – – .014 .014 – – .0141705 NA – – – – NA – – .022 .022 – – .0221715 NA – – – – NA – – .037 .037 – – .0371725 NA – – – – NA – – .056 .056 – – .0561735 NA – – – – NA – – .080 .080 – – .0801745 NA – – – – NA – – .112 .112 – – .1121755 NA – – – – NA – – .155 .155 – – .1551765 NA – – – – NA – – .200 .200 – – .2001775 NA – – – – NA – – .249 .249 – – .2491785 NA – – – – NA – – .310 .310 – – .3101795 NA – – – – NA – – .402 .402 – – .4021805 NA – – – – NA – – .537 .537 – – .5371815 NA – – – – NA – – .714 .714 – – .7141825 NA – – – – NA – – .960 .960 – – .9601835 NA – – – – NA – – 1.305 1.305 – – 1.3051845 NA – – – – NA – – 1.757 1.757 – – 1.7571850 0.219 – – – – 0.219 – – 2.138 2.138 – – 2.3571855 .421 – – – – .421 – – 2.389 2.389 – – 2.8101860 .518 – – 0.003 .521 – – 2.641 2.641 – – 3.1621865 .632 – – .010 .642 – – 2.767 2.767 – – 3.4091870 1.048 – – .011 1.059 – – 2.893 2.893 – – 3.9521875 1.440 – – .011 1.451 – – 2.872 2.872 – – 4.3231880 2.054 – – .096 2.150 – – 2.851 2.851 – – 5.0011885 2.840 0.082 .040 2.962 – – 2.683 2.683 – – 5.6451890 4.062 .257 .156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 – – 7.0121895 4.950 .147 .168 5.265 .090 2.306 2.396 – – 7.6611900 6.841 .252 .229 7.322 .250 2.015 2.265 – – 9.5871905 10.001 .372 .610 10.983 .386 1.843 2.229 – – 13.2121910 12.714 .540 1.007 14.261 .539 1.765 2.304 – – 16.5651915 13.294 .673 1.418 15.385 .659 1.688 2.347 0.002 17.7341920 15.504 .813 2.676 18.993 .738 1.610 2.348 .003 21.3441925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 .668 1.533 2.201 .004 22.3821930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 .752 1.455 2.207 .005 23.6801935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 .806 1.397 2.203 .005 20.4361940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 .880 1.358 2.238 .007 25.2051945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.44211.261 2.703 .009 32.6651There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are forfuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1).NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.Notes:•For years not shown, there are no data available.•See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuationof these data series from 1949 forward.•See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," atend of section.Sources:**Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum:**Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975,Table VII.**Conventional Hydroelectric Power:**Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975,Table II.**Wood:**•1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641,Fuel Wood Used in the United States1630-1930,February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood consumption in cords per decade, which wereconverted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per cord. The annual average value for eachdecade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the assumption that annual use was likelytoincrease during any given decade and the average annual value was more likely to reflect mid-decadeyearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of the decade. Values thus begin in 1635 andare plotted at 10-year intervals.•1850-1945:Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975,Table VII.**Electricity Net Imports:**Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975,Tables I and VI. Calculated as thedifference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroelectric production times 3,412 Btu perkilowatthour.Appendix EAppendix ENote:Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presentsestimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins acentury and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union andcontinues through the decades during which the United States was still expandingterritorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption”of an energy source for those years whenthe United States did not formally exist orconsisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia?The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sourcesof those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. Formost energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,defined as all the official States andthe District of Columbia. Estimates ormeasurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to followsettlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that weresettled enough to have economically significant consumption even though thoseareas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as wellas Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become the District of Columbia. Bythe time the series reaches 1810, the rest ofthe continental States are all included,though the last of the 48 States toachieve statehood did not do so until 1912.Likewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but includes consumption in areas,such as Utah and Washington (State), which were significant coal-producingregions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: No data were available onState-level historical coal consumption. The coal data shown in Table E1 through1945 describeapparentconsumption, i.e., production plus imports minus exports.The geographic coverage for coal was therefore based on a tally of coal-producingStates listed in various historical issues ofMinerals Yearbook. It is likely that coalwas consumed in States where it was not mined in significant quantities.)By energy source, the extent of coverage can be summarized as follows: •Coal—35coal-producing States by 1885. •Natural Gas—All 48 contiguous States, theDistrict of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. •Petroleum—All 48 contiguous States,the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. •Conventional HydroelectricPower—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, but probably the 48 contiguousStates and the District of Columbia. Coverage for 1900 through 1945 is the 48contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. •Wood—All 48 contiguous Statesand the District of Columbia by 1810.356 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010I. IntroductionThis year, the U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) has examined differentways to represent energy consumption in theAnnual Energy Review(AER). Thisexamination centered on two methods for representing related aspects of energyconsumption and losses. The first is an alternative method for deriving the energycontent of noncombustible renewable resources, which has been implemented inAER 2010 (Table 1.3). The second is a new representation of delivered total energyand energy losses.This appendix provides an explanation ofthese alternative methods. Section IIprovides a background discussion of the alternatives and the reasons for consideringthese changes to the energy balance presentation. Section III identifies the specificchanges incorporated in AER 2010.II. BackgroundAlternative Approaches for Deriving Energy Contents forNoncombustible RenewablesEIA compiles data on most energy sourcesin physical units, such as barrels andcubic feet, in order to calculate total primary energy consumption. Beforeaggregation, EIA converts data for these energy sources to the common unit ofBritish thermal units (Btu), a measure that is based on the thermal conversion ofenergy resources to heat and power.Noncombustible renewables are resources from which energy is extracted withoutthe burning or combustion of a fuel. They include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar,and wind energy. Because power fromnoncombustible renewables is producedwithout fuel combustion, there are no set Btu conversion factors for these energysources.In the past, EIA has represented hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy consumed forelectric generation as the amount of energy it would require, on average, to producean equivalent number of kilowatthours (kWh) of electricity using fossil fuels. In thisappendix, this approach is referred to as the "fossil-fuel equivalency" approach. Forthe remaining noncombustible renewableresource, geothermal energy, energyconsumed for electricity generation has beenbased on estimates of plant efficienciesin converting geothermal energy to electricity.The fossil-fuel equivalency approach evolved in an era when the primary goal ofU.S. energy policy was reducing dependence on imported petroleum and when asignificant amount of electricity was generated using fuel oil. It was intended toindicate the amount of fossil energy displacedby the renewable energy source. Butfuel oil is no longer used to generate electricity to a substantial degree and theinternational community largely uses a different approach, applying the constantconversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh. In addition, using a separate approach forgeothermal generation may distort the analysis of the relative share of thisgeneration resource. EIA also has a desire to better account for energy losses andefficiency. For these reasons, EIA considered three alternative methods for derivingthe energy contents for noncombustiblerenewables, designated here as thefossil-fuel equivalency, captured energy, and incident energy approaches.Fossil-Fuel Equivalency ApproachWith this approach, EIA would continue to apply the fossil-fuel equivalentconversion factor to hydroelectric, solar,and wind energy and would begin applyingit to geothermal energy. This approach would eliminate the inconsistency betweengeothermal and other noncombustibles, enable fueldisplacement analysis, andmaintain the continuity of a data series with which users are familiar. However, thefossil-fuel equivalency approach does not represent any real market quantity. Itmeasures neither primary energy consumed nor fossil fuel actually displaced.Additionally, its use will likely become increasingly problematic if renewables beginto displace other renewables instead of fossil fuels.Captured Energy ApproachWith this approach, EIA would apply the fixed factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh (the Btuvalue of electric energy generated) to measure the renewable energy consumed forelectric generation for all noncombustible renewables. Using this approach wouldeffectively count as primary energy only that noncombustible renewable energy thatis captured for economic use.EIA will use the term captured energy in referring to the energy actually "captured"by a noncombustible renewable energy system for final use. Thus, it is the netenergy available for consumption after transformation of a noncombustibleU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 357Appendix FAlternatives for Estimating Energy Consumptionrenewable resource into a usable energy carrier (such as electricity) or energy that isdirectly used. Another way of stating itis that captured energy is the energymeasured as the "output" of the device,such as electricity from a wind turbine orsolar plant.This approach would not require EIA tomake generalized assumptions regardingthe actual conversion of these resources(wind, sunshine, falling water) intoelectricity. It would move U.S. reporting standards closer to international norms,which have been vetted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and theinternational energy statistical community through years of actual use.Additionally, this approach better shows the economically significant energytransformations in the United States because the "lost" noncombustible renewableenergy does not incur any significant economic cost (there is no market for theresource-specific energy apart from its immediate, site-specific energy conversion,and there is no substantive opportunity cost to its continued exploitation.1) On theother hand, this approach implies that conversion of noncombustible renewableenergy is 100-percent efficient. In other words, it implies that there is no physicalenergy loss from the conversion of noncombustible renewables to electricity. Infact, renewable energy conversion can be very inefficient (largely because of thelack of alternative economic uses discussed above). Thus, this approach does notprovide an accurate measure of the physical consumption of energy to produceelectricity from these resources.Incident Energy ApproachWith this approach, EIA would use actual orestimated energy efficiencies of renewableconversion technologies to determine the Btu value of the input energy used to producereported renewable generation. For example,rather than treating the electricity generatedat a solar plant as primary energy, an empirical estimate of the actual portion of solarradiation incident on the solar panel that is converted to electricity would be used.EIA will define "incident energy" for noncombustible renewable resources as thegross energy that first strikes an energy conversion device. In contrast to capturedenergy, incident energy isthe mechanical, radiation,or thermal energy that ismeasurable at the "input" of the device. For wind, this would be the energycontained in the wind that passes through the rotor disc; for solar, the energycontained in the sunlight that strikes the panel or collector mirror; for hydroelectric,the energy contained in the water passing through the penstock (a closed conduit forcarrying water to the turbines); and, for geothermal, the energy contained in the hotfluid at the surface of the wellbore.This approach lends itself to a view of showing the physical reality of energytransformations in the United States. However, few renewable energy plants trackcumulative input energy because of its lackof economic significance. Therefore, itwould be difficult to obtain accurate estimates of efficiencywithout creating undueburden on survey respondents. Furthermore, this approach has not been vetted inthe energy statistics community and its use would be inconsistent with IEA andother international statistics.Table F1 shows factors that could be used to estimate the energy incident on theprimary energy collection device of a noncombustible renewable power plant.These factors represent energy output as a percent of energy input. The conversionefficiency of renewable generation equipment is generally specified by themanufacturer, although this specification may differ from realized efficiencies forseveral reasons, including: the effects of balance-of-plant factors; environmentalconditions that are different than conditions that the equipment was rated for; andvariability in operating conditions for equipment that israted under fixed conditions.The efficiencies shown in this table are not estimates of the actual, operationalefficiency of the technologies indicated. Rather they are notional indications of theefficiencies that each technology may beable to achieve with typical equipmentoperating within the normal operating range for that technology.358 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101There is an initial opportunity cost when first building such a facility: the water behind a dam might inundate land with alternative uses or a solar panel might shade somearea that could otherwise use the sunlight. But that is a “fixed” opportunity cost that does not effectively change by normaloperation of the plant.Table F1. Conversion Efficiencies of NoncombustibleRenewable Energy Sources(Percent)1Efficiencies may vary significantly for each technology based on site-specifictechnology and environmental factors. Factors shown represent engineering estimates fortypical equipment under specific operational conditions.Sources:Geothermal:Estimated by EIA on the basis of an informal survey ofrelevant plants.Conventional Hydroelectric:Based on published estimates for theefficiency of large-scale hydroelectric plants. Seehttp://www.usbr.gov/power/edu/pamphlet.pdf.Solar Photovoltaic:Based on the averagerated efficiency for a sample of commercially available modules. Rated efficiency is theconversion efficiency under standard test conditions, which represents a fixed, controlledoperating point for the equipment; efficiency can vary with temperature and the strength ofincident sunlight. Rated efficiencies are based on the direct current (DC) output of themodule; since grid-tied applications require alternating current (AC) output, efficienciesare adjusted to account for a 20 percent reduction in output when converting from DC toAC.Solar Thermal Power:Estimated by dividing the rated maximum power availablefrom the generator by the power available under standard solar conditions (1,000 W/m2)from the aperture area of solar collectors.Wind:Based on the average efficiency at ratedwind speed for a sample of commercially available wind turbines. The rated wind speed isthe minimum wind speed at which a turbine achieves its nameplate rated output understandard atmospheric conditions. Efficiency is calculated by dividing the nameplate ratedpower by the power available from the wind stream intercepted by the rotor disc at therated wind speed.26Wind21Solar Thermal Power12Solar Photovoltaic90Conventional Hydroelectric16GeothermalNotional Efficiency1SourceConclusionAfter review of the three options, EIA has elected to follow a hybrid of the first twoapproaches for the AER 2010. The primary energy value of noncombustiblerenewables consumed for electricity generation will be measured using thefossil-fuel equivalent factor. However, this value will be reported as the sum ofcaptured energy and an "Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence," which is thedifference between the fossil-fuel equivalent value and the value obtained using the3,412 Btu/kWh factor. This adjustment value represents the energy loss that wouldhave been incurred if the electricity had been generated by fossil fuels. For solarand geothermal energy used directly, EIA will continue to use the factors currentlyemployed.This method will not cause a change to total primary energy consumption of hydro,solar, or wind energy, but it will allowusers to easily distinguish actual economicenergy consumption from the imputed displacement value, which is retained both toprovide backward compatibility for datausers accustomed to this measure and toallow for easier analysis of certain energy efficiency and production trends. Theseparate reporting of captured energy will also facilitate comparisons withinternational data sets.For geothermal energy consumed to generate electricity, EIA will recalculate currentand historical values usingthe fossil-fuel equivalent factor. This recalculation willchange the following values presented in the AER 2010: the primary consumptionof total energy (Tables 1.1 and 1.3); the consumption of geothermal for electricitygeneration (Tables 8.4a and b); and the consumption of renewable energy (Tables10.1 and 10.2c).New Representation of Delivered Total Energy and Energy LossesThe examination of heat rates for noncombustible fuels led EIA to also consideralternative methods of accounting for final energy consumption and energy losses.Final energy consumption differs from primary energy consumption in that itrepresents the amount (in terms of Btu) of energy actually consumed, in its finalform, by an end user. For example, primary energy consumption of coal includes allthe heat content in the coal consumed, while final energy consumption will includeonly the heat content of any coal consumedin its original form and the heat contentof any products transformed from coal, such as electricity generated from coal.EIA analyzed energy transformation in the United States. In all transformationprocesses, some useful energy is lost in achieving the conversion from one energyform to another. The most significant losses, by far, occur when electricity isgenerated from primary energy resources. Figure F1 illustrates an alternate methodof accounting for energy consumption, based on the concept of delivered totalenergy.In the AER 2010, as in previous AERs, the electric power sector is viewed as anenergy-consuming sector. For each of theend-use sectors – residential, commercial,industrial, and transportation – total energy consumption is made up of the primaryenergy source consumed plus electricityretail sales and electrical system energylosses. Electrical system energy losses include transformation losses, the adjustmentfor fossil fuel equivalence (as discussed above), power plant use of electricity,transmission and distribution losses, and unaccounted for electricity. They areallocated to the end-use demand sectors inproportion to each sector's share of totalelectricity sales.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 359In the alternative representation (Figure F1), the electric power sector is not treatedas an energy-consuming sector but as a sector that transforms and redistributesenergy to final users. In order to better represent the amount of energy actuallyconsumed by the final user, this method eliminates the allocation of electrical systemenergy losses to consuming sectors. Electricity retail sales to each sector, asreported by energy service providers,continue to be viewed as end-useconsumption and, thus, are included in Delivered Total Energy. In Figure F1,delivered total energy represents the gross energy that enters an end-use facility(home, business, factory, and so forth). In some cases, there are conversion ortransformation processes within the facility that create additional losses before thefinal consumption of the energy, so that the net energy consumed for usefulapplication will be less than shown in the figure. For example, natural gas furnacestypically lose some amount of heat in the chimney, energy which then does not gotoward heating the building.Table F2 provides a comparison of Primary Energy Consumption and DeliveredTotal Energy by energy-use sector. Sources for Primary Energy Consumption bysector are AER Tables 5.14, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, and 10.2. Data from those tables areconverted from physical units to Btu using heat contents given in Appendix A.Sources for Delivered Total Energy are AER Tables 2.1 b through e.III. Changes to the AER 2010The major change to AER 2010 is the modification of Table 1.3 to incorporate thenew treatment of noncombustible renewable energy consumption. The value ofgeothermal energy consumption and,consequently, total primary energyconsumption is slightly lower than previously published for all years due to the useof a new geothermal conversion factor (the fossil-fuels heat rate from Table A6).See Section II of this appendix for further explanation.The sum of hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind primary consumption is nowshown as total primary energy consumption for noncombustible renewables. Thattotal includes: geothermal heat pump and direct use of geothermal energy; solarthermal direct use energy; and noncombustible resources that are transformed intoelectricity. Noncombustible resources transformed into electricity are equal toelectricity generation from all noncombustiblerenewables converted to Btu usingthe fossil-fuels heat rate. Direct final consumption of geothermal and solar energy isobtained from AER Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.Total primary consumption for noncombustible renewables is the sum of capturedenergy (or energy produced) and the "adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence." Liketotal primary consumption, captured energy includes: geothermal heat pump anddirect use of geothermal energy; solar thermal direct use energy; andnoncombustible resources that are transformed into electricity. However, electricitygeneration for all noncombustiblerenewables is converted to Btu using the energycontent of electricity, 3,412 Btu per kWh.The "adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence" is equal to the difference between totalprimary consumption of noncombustibles in Btu (calculated using the fossil-fuelsheat rate) and captured energy. There isno adjustment for fossil fuel equivalenceassociated with direct consumption of geothermal and solar energy.In order to prevent any inconsistency between data presented in the modified Table1.3 and the AER Section 10, "Renewable Energy," EIA will show data for theindividual noncombustible renewables (hydroelectricity, wind, etc.,) in Section 10only. In the AER 2010, total primary energy consumed for individualnoncombustible renewables can be found inTable 10.1. A detailed breakout of thenoncombustible renewable consumption components summarized in Table 1.3 isprovided in Table F3. Table F3 shows the components of captured energy and theadjustment for fossil fuel equivalence (regarded as a loss), by individual energysource, for 2010. The columns labeled "Transformed into Electricity" represent theenergy value of electricity generatedfrom each type of noncombustible renewableresource. These values are calculated by multiplying net generation in Table 8.2 by3,412 Btu/kWh.For each noncombustible renewable, the adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence iscalculated as the difference between the fossil fuel equivalent value of electricitygenerated and the value of “Transformed into Electricity.”2For geothermal, directconsumption is the heat either captured and used directly from thermal ground watersources or extracted by ground-source heat pump. Values are from Tables 10.2a and10.2b. Solar/PV direct consumption includes solar thermal energy used directly inthe residential and electric power sectors.These values are from Tables 10.2a and10.2c. Captured energy is equal to energy "transformed into electricity" forconventional hydroelectricity and wind.For geothermal and solar/PV, capturedenergy equals the sum of direct consumption and energy transformed into electricity.360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20102The fossil fuel equivalent value of electricity generated is equal to electricity in kWh times the average heat content of thefossil fuel mix actually consumed in generatingelectricity for a given year.Figure F1. Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total Energy, 2010(Quadrillion Btu)U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 361Primary Energy Consumptionby Source1Delivered Total Energyby Sector81Includes electricity net imports, not shown separately.2Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum–biofuels areincluded in “Renewable Energy.”3Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.4Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.5Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.6Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power(CHP) plants whose primary businessis to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.7Calculated as the primary energy consumedby the electric power sector minus theenergy content of electricity retail sales.See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses,”at end of Section 2.8Includes transformation losses other than electrical system energy losses. Forexample, see notes 9 and 10 on this page.9Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-onlyplants.10Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercialelectricity-only plants.Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding.Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Review 2010, Tables1.3, 2.1b-f, 10.3, and 10.4.1Includes Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence. See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.2Includes electricity sales to each sector in addition to Primary Energy consumed in the sector.3Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial sector consumption. Includes net imports of supplemental liquids and coal coke.4Calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales.26,78471,22027,45123,2678,71111,79198,00439,57927,42519,9844,1756,841TotalTransportationIndust-rialCommer-cialResiden-tialTotalElectricPowerTransporta-tion3Indus-trial3Commer-cialResiden-tialElectrical SystemEnergyLosses4Delivered Total Energy2Primary Energy Consumption1Year2010Table F2. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010(Quadrillion Btu)1Excludes pumped storage.2Geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal heat used to generate electricity.3Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.4Equals generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by the energy conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh.5Equal to the difference between the fossil fuel-equivalent valueof electricity and the energy content of the final consumed electricity. The fossil fuel-equivalent value of electricity equalsgeneration in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. The energy content of final consumedelectricity equals generation inkilowatthours multiplied by the energyconversion factor of 3,412 Btu/KWh.6Equal to generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants.7Reported Btu of geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.8Includes direct consumption of resources and resources transformed to electricity. Resources transformed to electricity are equal to generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by the averageheat rate of fossil-fueled plants.9Residential sector direct use of solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants).92460132310984972129953602,5091,632877TotalPrimaryEnergy6AdjustmentforFossilFuelEquivalence5TransformedintoElectricity4TotalPrimaryEnergy8AdjustmentforFossilFuelEquivalence5TransformedintoElectricity4DirectConsumption9TotalPrimaryEnergy8AdjustmentforFossilFuelEquivalence5TransformedintoElectricity4DirectConsumption7TotalPrimaryEnergy6AdjustmentforFossilFuelEquivalence5TransformedintoElectricity4WindSolar/PV3Geothermal2Conventional HydroelectricPower1Noncombustible RenewablesYear2010Table F3. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010(Trillion Btu)362 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed ofcarbon,hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and arecomposed of ahydrocarbonplus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g.,methanol,ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). SeeFuel Ethanol.Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation applications, include thefollowing:methanol; denaturedethanol, and otheralcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols withmotor gasolineor other fuels;natural gas;liquefied petroleum gas(propane);hydrogen;coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derivedfrom biological materials (biofuelssuch as soydiesel fuel);electricity(includingelectricity fromsolar energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines, byrule, is substantially notpetroleumand would yield substantial energy securitybenefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" doesnot include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-based fuelsused asoxygenatesor extenders, i.e.MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the10-percent ethanol portion ofgasohol.Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on analternativefuel(e.g., compressednatural gas,methaneblend, orelectricity). The vehiclecould be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively on alternativefuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.Anthracite: The highest rank ofcoal; used primarily for residential and commercialspace heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to ashard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage ofvolatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is lessthan 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 millionBtupershort tonon a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthraciteconsumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).Note: Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steamelectric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btuper short ton or less. SeeCoal Rank.Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvaniaanthracitepreparation plants,consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sizedcoal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heatvalue ranges from 8 to 17 millionBtupershort ton.Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity. Theterm is used in the context of globalclimate changeto refer to gaseous emissionsthat are the result of human activities, as well as other potentially climate-alteringactivities, such as deforestation.API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade association.API Gravity: American Petroleum Institute measure of specific gravity ofcrudeoilor condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density ofliquidpetroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degreesAPI; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.F) -131.5.Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like material obtained bypetroleumprocessing and containing bitumens as the predominant component; used primarily forroad construction. It includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), andpetroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts.Note: Theconversion factor for asphalt is 5.5barrelspershort ton.ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.Aviation Gasoline Blending Components:Naphthasthat will be used for blending or compounding into finishedaviation gasoline(e.g., straight run gasoline,alkylate, reformate, benzene,toluene, and xylene). Excludesoxygenates(alcohols,ethers),butane, andpentanes plus. Oxygenates are reported as otherhydrocarbons,hydrogen, andoxygenates.Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatilehydrocarbonswith or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitablefor use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are provided in ASTMSpecification D910 and MilitarySpecification MIL-G-5572.Note: Data on blending components are not counted in data on finished aviation gasoline. SeeJet Fuel;Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type; andJet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. Gallons.Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of input that a distillation facility canprocess under usual operating conditions.The amount is expressed in terms ofcapacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the maximum processing capability ofU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 363Glossaryall units at the facility under continuousoperation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, orslow down production: 1) the capability ofdownstream processing units to absorb the output ofcrude oilprocessing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams thatare distributed to other than downstream facilities as part ofa refinery’s normaloperation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types andgrades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraintsassociated with refinery operations; 5)the reduction of capacity for scheduleddowntime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, andturnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due tosuch conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintainadequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability ratesthroughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gasvolume.Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils;animal fats; and recycled grease. It can serve as a substitute forpetroleum-deriveddiesel fuelordistillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived fromvegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements ofASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced frombiomass(plant)feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. SeeBiodieselandFuel Ethanol.Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms.Note:EIA uses theterm “biogenic” to refer only to organic nonfossil material of biological origin.Biomass:Organic nonfossil material ofbiological origin constituting arenewableenergysource. SeeBiodiesel, Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol,andWoodand Wood-Derived Fuels.Biomass Waste: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product. “Biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste frombiogenicsources, landfill gas, sludge waste,agricultural crop byproducts, straw,and otherbiomasssolids, liquids, and gases; but excludeswood and woodderived fuels(includingblack liquor),biofuelsfeedstock,biodiesel, andfuelethanol.Note:EIA “biomass waste” data also include energy crops grownspecifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.Bituminous Coal: A densecoal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, oftenwith well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel insteam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat andpower applications in manufacturing and makingcoke. Bituminous coal is themost abundant coal in active U.S. miningregions. Its moisture content usually isless than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30millionBtupershort tonon a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat contentof bituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu pershort ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture andmineral matter). SeeCoal Rank.Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor,that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from thedigesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the residual"black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery ofcertain basic chemicals.Breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usually breeze will pass through a1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most often used as a fuel source in theprocess of agglomerating iron ore.British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at whichwater has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees Fahrenheit). SeeHeatContent.Btu:SeeBritish Thermal Unit.Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for convertingenergydata between one unit ofmeasurement andBritish thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generallyused to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such asbarrels,cubicfeet, orshort tons) into the energy-equivalent measure of Btu. (Seehttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html for further information on Btu conversion factors.)Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircraft, both domestic and foreign,consisting primarily ofresidual fuel oilanddistillate fuel oilfor ships andkerosene-type jet fuelfor aircraft. The term “international bunker fuels” is usedto denote the consumption of fuel for international transport activities.Note: Forthe purposes ofgreenhouse gasemissions inventories, data on emissions fromcombustion of international bunker fuels are subtracted from national emissionstotals. Historically, bunker fuels have meant only ship fuel.Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or branched-chainhydrocarbon(C4H10) extracted fromnatural gasorrefinery gasstreams. It includes isobutaneand normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and GasProcessors Association Specifications for commercial butane.364 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. Itis extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is acolorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.Butylene: An olefinichydrocarbon(C4H8) recovered from refinery processes.Capacity: SeeGenerator Capacity.Capacity Factor: SeeGenerator Capacity Factor.Captured Energy:The net energy available for consumption after transformation ofa noncombustible renewable resource into electricity and noncombustible renewableenergy that is directly used. For example, it is the energy measured at the “output” of aconversion device, such as electricity from a wind turbine or solar plant.Captive Coal: Coal produced to satisfy the needs of the mine owner, or of a parent,subsidiary, or other affiliate of the mine owner (for example, steel companies andelectricity generators), rather than for open market sale. SeeOpen Market Coal.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas (CO2) that is a normalpart of Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product offossil-fuelcombustion aswell as other processes. It is considered agreenhouse gasas it traps heat (infraredenergy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to thepotential forglobal warming. Theglobal warming potential(GWP) of othergreenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1).Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount ofcarbon dioxideby weight emittedinto the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as agiven weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents arecomputed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example,methane) by its estimatedglobal warming potential(which is 21 for methane).“Carbon equivalent units” are definedas carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied bythe carbon content of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to expressreal prices. Real prices are thosethat have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing powerof the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Priorto 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on theweights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, theU.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The newmeasure is based on the average weights ofgoods and services in successive pairsof years. It is “chained” because the second year in each pair, with its weights,becomes the first year of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollarmeasure is that it is more closely related to any given period covered and is thereforesubject to less distortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon,hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are now thought to beharmful to the Earth’s atmosphere.City Gate: A point or measuring station atwhich a distribution gas utility receivesgas from anatural gas pipelinecompany or transmission system.Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, butespecially to significant change from oneprevailing climatic condition to another.In some cases, “climate change” has been used synonymously with the term “globalwarming”; scientists, however, tend to use the term in a wider sense to includenatural changes in climate as well as climatic cooling.Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition,including inherent moisture, consists ofmore than 50 percent by weight and morethan 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed from plantremains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. SeeCoal Rank.Coal Coke: SeeCoke, Coal.Coal Rank: The classification ofcoalsaccording to their degree of progressivealteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of coalincludelignite,subbituminous coal,bituminous coal, andanthraciteand arebased on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or caking)properties.Coal Stocks:Coalquantities that are held in storage for future use and disposition.Note: When coal data are collected for a particular reporting period (month, quarter,or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of this period.Coal Synfuel:Coal-based solid fuel thathas been processed by acoal synfuelplant; and coal-based fuels such as briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which areformed from fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation ofcoalintocoal synfuel.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 365Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfurbituminous coalfrom which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in anoven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbonand residual ash are fused together. Coke isused as a fuel and as a reducing agent insmelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Cokefrom coal is gray, hard, and porous andhas a heating value of 24.8 millionBtupershort ton.Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and low inhydrogenthat is thefinal product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. Thisproduct is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion is 5barrels(of 42 U.S. gallons each) pershort ton. Coke frompetroleumhas a heating valueof 6.024 millionBtuper barrel.Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant designed to produce both heatandelectricityfrom a single heat source.Note: This term is being used in placeof the term “cogenerator” that was used by EIA in the past. CHP better describesthe facilities because some of the plants included do not produce heat and powerin a sequential fashion and, as a result, donot meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA). SeeElectricity-Only Plant.Commercial Building: A building with more than50 percent of its floorspace usedfor commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to,stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals,clinics, warehouses, and jails. Governmentbuildings are included, except buildingson military bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: Anenergy-consuming sector that consists of service-providingfacilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; andother private and public organizations, suchas religious, social, or fraternal groups.The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewagetreatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector includespaceheating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running awide variety of other equipment.Note: This sector includesgeneratorsthat produceelectricityand/oruseful thermal outputprimarily to support the activities of theabove-mentioned commercial establishments. Various EIA programs differ in sectoralcoverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm. SeeEnd-UseSectorsandEnergy-Use Sectors.Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production ofcrude oilornatural gas. Ifawellis equipped to produce only crude oil or natural gas from one zone orreservoir, the definition of a “well” (classified as acrude oil wellornatural gaswell) and the definition of a “completion” are identical. However, if a well isequipped to produce crude oil and/or natural gas separately from more than onereservoir, a “well” is not synonymous with a “completion.”Compressed Natural Gas (CNG):Natural gascompressed to a volume anddensity that is practical as a portable fuelsupply (even when compressed, natural gasis not a liquid).Conventional Hydroelectric Power: SeeHydroelectric Power, Conventional.Conventional Motor Gasoline: SeeMotor Gasoline, Conventional.Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data between one unit of measurementand another (such as betweenshort tonsandBritish thermal units, or betweenbarrelsand gallons). (See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html andhttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for further information on conversionfactors.) SeeBtu Conversion FactorandThermal Conversion Factor.Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental equipment installed atelectricpower plantsused to transfer heat, produced by burning fuel, to the atmosphere.Cooling towers are installed where there is insufficient cooling water available orwhere waste heat discharged into cooling water would affect marine life.Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to behazardous to human health andregulated under the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National AmbientAir Quality Standards. The 1970 amendmentsto the Clean Air Act require EPA todescribe the health and welfare impacts ofa pollutant as the “criteria” for inclusionin the regulatory regime.Crude Oil: A mixture ofhydrocarbonsthat exists in liquid phase in naturalunderground reservoirs and remains liquidat atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.Depending upon the characteristics ofthe crude stream, it may also include: 1) small amounts of hydrocarbons thatexist in gaseous phase in naturalunderground reservoirs but are liquid atatmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casinghead) gas inlease separators and are subsequentlycommingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Leasecondensate recovered as a liquid fromnatural gaswellsin lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into thecrude stream is also included; 2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons producedwith the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases, and liquidhydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil isrefined to produce a wide array ofpetroleum products, including heatingoils; gasoline,dieselandjet fuels;lubricants;asphalt;ethane,propane, andbutane; and many other products used for theirenergyor chemical content.366 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The price for domesticcrude oilreported by the company that owns the crude oil the first time it is removed from thelease boundary.Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price ofcrude oilat the port of discharge, including charges associated with purchasing, transporting, and insuring a cargo fromthe purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not include chargesincurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, anddemurrage).Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost ofcrude oilto the refiner, including transportation and other fees. The composite cost is the weighted average ofdomestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acquisition cost does notinclude the cost of crude oil purchased for theStrategic Petroleum Reserve.Crude Oil Refinery Input: The totalcrude oilput into processing units at refineries.Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks ofcrude oilandlease condensateheld at refineries, inpetroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.Crude Oil Used Directly:Crude oilconsumed as fuel bypetroleum pipelinesand on crude oil leases.Crude Oil Well: Awellcompleted for the production ofcrude oilfrom one ormore crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil andnatural gasare classified as crude oil wells.Cubic Foot (Natural Gas)The amount ofnatural gascontained at standardtemperature and pressure (60 degreesFahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard persquare inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annualdegree-daysover a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 1971–2000). The averages maybe simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm a location is over aperiod of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the basetemperature (65 degrees) from the average of the day’s high and lowtemperatures, with negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s cooling degreedays are summed to create a cooling degree-day measure for a specified referenceperiod. Cooling degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of airconditioning energy requirements or use.Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a location is over aperiod of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting theaverage of the day’s high and low temperatures from the base temperature (65degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s heating degree-daysare summed to create a heating degree-day measure for a specified referenceperiod. Heating degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of spaceheating energy requirements or use.Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or coolingdegree-daysweightedby the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To computeState population-weighted degree-days, each State is divided into from one tonine climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based onthe ratio of the population of the division to the total population of the State.Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the correspondingpopulation weight for each division and those products are then summed toarrive at the State population-weighted degree-day figure. To compute nationalpopulation-weighted degree-days, the Nation is divided into nine Censusregions, each comprising from three to eight States, which are assigned weightsbased on the ratio of the population of the region to the total population of theNation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those products are then summed toarrive at the national population-weighted degree-day figure.Demand-Side Management: The planning, implementation, and monitoring ofelectric utilityactivities designed to encourage consumers to modify patterns ofelectricityusage, including the timing and level of electricity demand.Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collective term for the sum ofcoalinboth measured and indicated resource categories of reliability, representing 100percent of the in-place coal in those categories as of a certain date. Includes bedsofbituminous coalandanthracite28 or more inches thick and beds ofsubbituminous coal60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths of as much as 1,000feet. Includes beds oflignite60 or more inches thick that can be surface mined.Includes also thinner and/or deeper bedsthat currently are being mined or forwhich there is evidence that they could be mined commercially at a given time.Represents that portion of the identified coal resource from which reserves arecalculated.Denaturant:Petroleum, typicallypentanes plusorconventional motor gasoline,added tofuel ethanolto make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5volume percent denaturant. SeeFuel EthanolandFuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 367Development Well: Awelldrilled within the proved area of acrude oilornaturalgasreservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed ofdistillate fuel oilsobtained inpetroleumrefiningoperation or blends of such distillate fuel oils withresidual fuel oilused in motorvehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than forgasoline.Direct Use:Use ofelectricitythat 1) is self-generated, 2) is produced by either thesame entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support ofa service or industrial process located withinthe same facility or group of facilities thathouse the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive ofstation use.Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of thepetroleumfractionsproduced in conventional distillation operations. It includesdiesel fuelsand fueloils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highwaydiesel engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, as well as off-highwayengines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Productsknown as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily forspace heatingandelectricity generation.Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processescrude oil(including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and afractionationtower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in thecrude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuously vaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling pointmaterial. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties of the crude oil, and the product specifications.District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as anenergysourcein a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and ispiped into the building. District heat may be purchased from a utility or providedby a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (forexample, a hospital complex or university).Dry Hole: Anexploratory wellordevelopment wellfound to be incapable ofproducing eithercrude oilornatural gasin sufficient quantities to justify completion as acrude oil wellornatural gas well.Dry Natural Gas: SeeNatural Gas, Dry.Dry Natural Gas Production: SeeNatural Gas (Dry) Production.E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percentethanoland 15 percentmotorgasoline.Electric Energy:The ability of an electric currentto produce work, heat, light, orother forms ofenergy. It is measured inkilowatthours.Electric Non-Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or sellselectricity, orsells or trades electricity services and products, where costs are not establishedand recovered by regulatory authority. Examples of these entities include, but arenot limited to,independent power producers, power marketersand aggregators(both wholesale and retail), merchanttransmission service providers, selfgeneration entities, and cogeneration firms with Qualifying Facility Status. SeeElectric Utility.Electric Power Plant: A station containingprime movers, electricgenerators, andauxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fissionenergyintoelectric energy.Electric Power Sector: Anenergy-consuming sector that consists ofelectricityonlyandcombined-heat-and-power (CHP)plants within theNAICS(NorthAmerican Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary businessis to sellelectricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note: This sectorincludeselectric utilitiesandindependent power producers. SeeEnergy-UseSectors.Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or distributeselectricityand recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets andoperations, either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by a separateregulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Commission), or is owned by agovernmental unit or the consumers thatthe entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts, public utilitydistricts, municipalities, rural electriccooperatives, and State and Federal agencies. Electric utilities may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approvalfor interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs covering either costof-service and/or market-based rates under the authority of the Federal PowerAct.SeeElectric Non-Utility.Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount ofenergylost during generation,transmission, and distribution ofelectricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.Electricity: A form ofenergycharacterized by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemical change.368 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Electricity Generation: The process of producingelectric energy, or the amountof electric energy produced by transforming other forms ofenergy; commonlyexpressed inkilowatthours(kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). SeeElectricityGeneration, GrossandElectricity Generation, Net.Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount ofelectric energyproduced bygenerating unitsand measured at the generating terminal.Electricity Generation, Net: The amount ofgross electricity generationlessstation use(theelectric energyconsumed at the generating station(s) for stationservice or auxiliaries).Note: Electricity required for pumping athydroelectricpumped-storageplants is regarded as electricityfor station service and is deductedfrom gross generation.Electricity Retail Sales: The amount ofelectricitysold byelectric utilitiesandotherenergy service providersto customers purchasingelectricity for their ownuse and not for resale.Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produceelectricityonly. SeeCombined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.Emissions:Anthropogenicreleases of gases to the atmosphere. In the context ofglobalclimate change, they consist of radiatively importantgreenhouse gases(e.g., the release ofcarbon dioxideduring fuel combustion).End-Use Sectors: Theresidential,commercial,industrial, andtransportationsectors of the economy. SeeEnergy-Use Sectors.Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doingwork (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kineticenergy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and canbe changed to another form useful for work. Most of the world’s convertibleenergy comes fromfossil fuelsthat are burned to produce heat that is then used asa transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks.Electric energyis usually measured inkilowatthours, while heat energy isusually measured inBritish thermal units.Energy Consumption: The use ofenergyas a source of heat or power or as aninput in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent directly by consumers to purchaseenergy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer times theprice per unit paid by the consumer.Energy Service Provider: Anenergyentity that provides service to a retail or enduse customer.Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomenon that can be consumed ortransformed to supply heat or power. Examples includepetroleum,coal,naturalgas,nuclear,wood,waste,electricity,wind,geothermal, sunlight (solar energy),water movement, andhydrogenin fuel cells.Energy-Use Sectors: A group of majorenergy-consuming components ofU.S. society developed to measure andanalyze energy use. The sectors mostcommonly referred to in EIA are:residential,commercial,industrial,transportation, andelectric power.Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chainhydrocarbon(C2H6). It is a colorless,paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It isextracted fromnatural gasandrefinery gasstreams.Ether: The family name applied to a group of organic chemical compounds composedof carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen, and which are characterized by an oxygen atomattached to two carbon atoms (for example,methyl tertiary butyl ether).Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammablealcohol. Ethanol is typicallyproduced biologically frombiomassfeedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be producedchemically fromethylene. SeeBiomass, Fuel Ethanol, andFuel Ethanol MinusDenaturant.Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorless, flammable, oxygenated hydrocarbon blend stock,(CH3)3COC2H5, formed by the catalytic etherification ofisobutylenewithethanol. SeeOxygenates.Ethylene: An olefinichydrocarbonrecovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes. Ethylene is used as apetrochemical feedstockfor numerouschemical applications and the production of consumer goods.Eurasia: The physical land mass containing the continents of Europe and Asia.For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it includes the former partsof theUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.Exploratory Well: Awelldrilled to find and producecrude oilornatural gasinan area previously considered unproductive, to find a new reservoir in a known fieldU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 369(i.e., one previously producing crude oil ornatural gas in another reservoir), or toextend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas reservoir.Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume ofnatural gasdue to the removal ofnatural gas liquidconstituents such asethane,propane, andbutaneat natural gasprocessing plants.Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstateelectricitysales, wholesale electricrates, hydroelectric licensing,natural gaspricing,petroleum pipelinerates, andnatural gas pipelinecertification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Departmentof Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of theFederalEnergy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created byan Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It wascharged originally with regulating the electric power andnatural gasindustries. Itwas abolished on September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy wascreated. Its functions were divided between the U.S. Department of Energy and theFederal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.Financial Reporting System (FRS): The U.S. Energy Information Administration’sstatutory requirement to identify majorenergy-producing companies and develop andimplement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating informationfrom these companies. Companies are selected if they are within the top 50 publiclyowned U.S.crude oilproducers that have at least 1 percent of either production orreserves of crude oil,natural gas,coal, oruraniumin the United States, or 1 percentof either refining capacity orpetroleum productsales in the United States.Finished Motor Gasoline: SeeMotor Gasoline, Finished.First Purchase Price: SeeCrude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price.First Use: Manufacturing establishments’ consumption of theenergythat wasoriginally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy.Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 throughSeptember 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends;e.g., fiscal year 2002 began on October 1, 2001, and ended on September 30, 2002.Flared Natural Gas: SeeNatural Gas, Flared.Flue Gas Desulfurization: Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from thecombustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Also referredto as scrubbers. Chemicals such as lime are used as scrubbing media.F.O.B.: SeeFree on Board.Footage Drilled: Total footage forwellsin various categories, as reported for anyspecified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of allwells drilled from the surface,(2) the total of all bypassed footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and (3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrackwells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells does not include footage inthe common bore, which is reported as footage for the originalwell. In the case ofold wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below thetotal depth of the old well.Former U.S.S.R.: SeeUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capital costs that will be incurred inany future production ofuraniumfrom in-place reserves. Included are costs forlabor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxes, insurance, and general andadministrative costs that are dependentupon the quantity of production and, thus,applicable as variable costs of production. Excluded from forward costs are priorexpenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisition, exploration, mine development, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, profit, and the cost of money.Note: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserves foruranium oredeposits indiffering geological settings can be aggregated and reported as the maximumamount that can theoretically be extracted to recover the specified costs ofuraniumoxideproduction under the listed forward cost categories.Fossil Fuel: Anenergy sourceformed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organicmaterial, such aspetroleum,coal, andnatural gas.Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: Anelectric power plantin which theprime moveris a turbine rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler byheat from burningfossil fuels.370 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Fractionation: The process by which saturatedhydrocarbonsare removed fromnatural gasand separated into distinct parts, or “fractions” such aspropane,butane, andethane.Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commodity at the port ofexportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in which the seller makes the productavailable for pick up at a specified port orterminal at a specified price and the buyerpays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: Thefree on boardprice of coal at thepoint of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.Fuel Ethanol:Ethanolintended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol in the United Statesmust be anhydrous (less than 1 percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (madeunfit for human consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typicallypentanes plusorconventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in lowconcentrations withmotor gasolineas anoxygenateor octane enhancer. In highconcentrations, it is used to fuelalternative-fuel vehiclesspecially designed for itsuse. SeeAlternative-Fuel Vehicle,Denaturant,E85,Ethanol,Fuel EthanolMinus Denaturant, andOxygenates.Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity of anhydrous,biomass-derived, undenaturedethanolfor fuel use. The quantity is obtained bysubtracting the estimateddenaturantvolume fromfuel ethanolvolume. Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted asrenewable energy, while denaturant is countedasnonrenewable fuel. SeeDenaturant,Ethanol,Fuel Ethanol,NonrenewableFuels,Oxygenates, andRenewable Energy.Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nucleargenerating unitat 100 percent ofits design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.Gasohol: A blend offinished motor gasolinecontainingalcohol(generallyethanolbut sometimesmethanol) at a concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percentby volume. SeeOxygenates.Generating Unit: Any combination of physically connectedgenerators, reactors,boilers, combustion turbines, or otherprime moversoperated together to produceelectric power.Generator: A machine that converts mechanicalenergyintoelectric energy.Generator Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in megawatts(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, adjusted for ambientconditions. SeeGenerator Nameplate (Installed) CapacityandGenerator NetSummer Capacity.Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of theelectric energyproduced by agenerating unitfor a given period of time to the electric energy that could havebeen produced at continuous full-power operation during the same period.Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: The maximum rated output of agenerator,prime mover, or other electric power production equipment underspecific conditions designated by the manufacturer. Installed generator nameplatecapacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (MW) and is usually indicated on anameplate physically attached to the generator.Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed inmegawatts (MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time ofsummer peak demand (period of June 1through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to electricityuse for station service or auxiliaries.Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extractedfrom geothermal reservoirs inthe Earth’s crust and used for geothermal heat pumps, water heating, orelectricitygeneration.Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface temperature of the Earth.Global warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences,but the term is today most often used to refer to the warming some scientistspredict will occur as a result of increasedanthropogenicemissions ofgreenhousegases. SeeClimate Change.Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases withoutdirectly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculatedas the ratio of the radiative forcingthat would result from the emission of one kilogram of agreenhouse gasto thatfrom the emission of one kilogram ofcarbon dioxideover a period of time, such as100 years.Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor,carbon dioxide, nitrousoxide,methane,hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs), andsulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation butopaque to long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy fromleaving the Earth’s atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiationand a tendency to warm the planet’s surface.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 371Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods and services producedby labor and property located in the United States. As long as the labor andproperty are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and,for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreigncountries.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measure used toconvertnominal pricestoreal prices. SeeChained Dollars.Gross Electricity Generation: SeeElectricity Generation, Gross.Gross Withdrawals: SeeNatural Gas Gross Withdrawals.Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes allcrude oil,lease condensate,natural gas plant liquids,unfinished oils,liquefied refinery gases, slop oils, andother liquidhydrocarbonsproduced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.Heat Content: The amount of heatenergyavailable to be released by the transformation or use of a specified physical unit of an energy form (e.g., ashort tonofcoal, abarrelofcrude oil, akilowatthourofelectricity, acubic footofnatural gas, or apound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly expressed inBritish thermalunits (Btu).Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in termsof either gross heat content (higher or upper heating value) or net heat content (lowerheating value), depending upon whether or not the available heat energy includes orexcludes the energy used to vaporize water(contained in the original energy form orcreated during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administrationtypically uses gross heat content values.Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated asBtuperkilowatthour.Note:Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heatrates, depending whether the electricity outputis gross or net generation. Heat ratesare typically expressed as net heat rates.Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated personsoccupying the same housing unit. “Occupy” means the housing unit was theperson’s usual or permanent place of residence.Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it iseither occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family,an individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quarters means the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in thehouse or apartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildingsor through a common hall—that is, they can get to it without going throughsomeone else’s living quarters. Housing units do not include group quarters suchas prisons or nursing homes where ten or more unrelated persons live. Acommon dining area used by residents isan indication of group quarters. Hoteland motel rooms are considered housing units if occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence.Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound ofhydrogenand carbon in thegaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structure of hydrocarbon compoundsvaries from the simplest (methane, a constituent ofnatural gas) to the very heavyand very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The production ofelectricityfrom the kineticenergyoffalling water. SeeHydroelectric Power, ConventionalandHydroelectricPumped Storage.Hydroelectric Power, Conventional:Hydroelectric powergenerated from flowing water that is not created byhydroelectric pumped storage.Hydroelectric Pumped Storage:Hydroelectric powerthat is generated duringpeak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do so.When additional generating capacity is needed, the water can be released from thereservoir through a conduit to turbinegeneratorslocated in anelectric power plantat a lower level.Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of oneor two carbon atoms and varying numbers ofhydrogenand fluorine atoms. MostHFCs have 100-yearglobal warming potentialsin the thousands.Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combinationwith oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases,alcohols,petroleum, and otherhydrocarbons.Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convertnominalpricestoreal prices.Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 Statesand the District of Columbia fromU.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countries.Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or otherlegal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates facilities for the generation ofelectricity for use primarily by the public, and that is not anelectric utility. Independent power producers are included in theelectric power sector.372 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Indicated Resources, Coal:Coalfor which estimates of thecoal rank, quality,and quantity are based partly on sampleanalyses and measurements and partlyon reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partlyfrom specified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for areasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observationare 1⁄2 to 11⁄2 miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a 1⁄2-mile-widebelt that lies more than 1⁄4 mile from the outcrop or points of observation ormeasurement.Industrial Sector: Anenergy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities andequipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrialsector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICScodes 31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11);mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heatand cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw materialinputs to manufactured products.Note:This sector includesgeneratorsthatproduceelectricityand/oruseful thermal outputprimarily to support theabove-mentioned industrial activities. Various EIA programs differ in sectoralcoverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm. SeeEnd-UseSectorsandEnergy-Use Sectors.Isobutane: SeeButane.Isobutylene: An olefinichydrocarbonrecovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.Isopentane: A saturated branched-chainhydrocarbonobtained byfractionationofnatural gasolineor isomerization of normal pentane.Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product usedin jet aircraft engines. SeeJet Fuel,Kerosene-TypeandJet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: Akerosene-based product with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and afinal maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting ASTM Specification 1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (GradesJP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraftengines.Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavynaphthaboiling range, with anaverage gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperature of290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L(Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraftengines because it has a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meetsengine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.Kerosene: A lightpetroleumdistillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves,and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wickfed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degreesFahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit.Included are No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM SpecificationD3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. SeeJet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel:SeeJet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000watts.Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure ofelectricitydefined as a unit of work orenergy, measured as 1kilowatt(1,000watts) of power expended for 1 hour.One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412Btu. SeeWatthour.Landed Cost: SeeCrude Oil Landed Cost.Lease and Plant Fuel:Natural gasused inwell, field, and lease operations (suchas natural gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plants.Lease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavierhydrocarbonswhich is recovered as a liquid fromnatural gasin lease separation facilities. This category excludesnatural gas plant liquids, such asbutaneandpropane, which are recovered at downstream natural gas processing plants or facilities.Lignite: The lowest rank ofcoal, often referred to as brown coal, used almostexclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is brownish-black and hasa high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat contentof lignite ranges from 9 to 17 millionBtupershort tonon a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherentmoisture and mineral matter). SeeCoal Rank.Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG):Natural gas(primarilymethane) that has beenliquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmosphericpressure.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 373Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group ofhydrocarbon-based gases derivedfromcrude oilrefining ornatural gasfractionation. They includeethane,ethylene,propane,propylene,normal butane,butylene,isobutane, andisobutylene. For convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied throughpressurization.Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG):Liquefied petroleum gasesfractionated fromrefinery orstill gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retainedin the liquid state. The reported categories areethane/ethylene,propane/propylene,normal butane/butylene, andisobutane. Excludes still gas.Losses: SeeElectrical System Energy Losses.Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nucleargenerating unit’s initialfuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. The maximumlevel of operation during that period is 5 percent of the unit’s design thermal rating.Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces orincorporated into other materials used asprocessing aids in the manufacture ofother products, or used as carriers of other materials.Petroleumlubricants maybe produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades oflubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of theindustrial sectorthatconsists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical,chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or componentsinto new products. Assembly of component parts of products is included, exceptfor that which is included in construction.Marketed Production (Natural Gas): SeeNatural Gas Marketed Production.Measured Resources, Coal:Coalresources for which estimates of thecoal rank,quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than20 percent, from sample analyses andmeasurements from closely spaced andgeologically well known sample sites. Measured resources are computed fromdimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. Thepoints of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the thicknessand extent of coals are so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accuratewithin 20 percent. Although the spacing of the point of observation necessary todemonstrate continuity of the coal differs from region to region, according to thecharacter of the coalbeds, the points ofobservation are no greater than 1⁄2 mileapart. Measured coal is projected to extend as a belt 1⁄4 mile wide from theoutcrop or points of observation or measurement.Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorlesshydrocarbongas (CH4), which is themajor component ofnatural gas. It is also an important source ofhydrogenin various industrial processes.Methanol: A light, volatilealcohol(CH3OH) eligible formotor gasoline blending.SeeOxygenates.Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ether, (CH3)3COCH3, intended formotor gasoline blending. SeeOxygenates.Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finishedpetroleum productsnot classified elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromaticextracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, syntheticnatural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing ofmotor gasoline blendingcomponentsandoxygenatesas required, to producefinished motor gasoline.Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor gasoline blendingcomponents or oxygenates, resulting in increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g.,conventionalmotor gasolinemixed withMTBEto produceoxygenated motor gasoline).Motor Gasoline Blending Components:Naphthas(e.g., straight-run gasoline,alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used for blending or compounding intofinished motor gasoline. These components include reformulated gasoline blendstockfor oxygenate blending (RBOB) but excludeoxygenates(alcohols,ethers),butane,andpentanes plus.Note:Oxygenates are reported as individual components and areincluded in the total forother hydrocarbons,hydrogen, and oxygenates.Motor Gasoline, Conventional:Finished motor gasolinenot included in theoxygenatedorreformulatedmotor gasoline categories.Note: This categoryexcludes reformulated gasoline blendstockfor oxygenate blending (RBOB) as wellas other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can be leaded or unleaded;regular, midgrade, or premium. SeeMotor Gasoline Grades.Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatilehydrocarbonswith or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for usein spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification D-4814 orFederal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point to 365 to 374degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point. “Motor gasoline” includesconventional motor gasoline, all types ofoxygenated motor gasolineincludinggasohol, andreformulated motor gasoline, but excludesaviation gasoline.Note:Volumetric data onmotor gasoline blending components, as well asoxygenates,374 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending componentsare blended into the gasoline.Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by octane ratings. Eachtype of gasoline (conventional,oxygenated, andreformulated; leaded orunleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium.Note:Motor gasoline sales are reported by gradein accordance with their classification atthe time of sale. In general, automotive octane requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky MountainStates, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be 2 or more octane pointslower.Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octanerating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90.Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,greater than 90.Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated:Finished motor gasolineother thanreformulated motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher byweight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to besold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas.Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes oxygenated fuels program reformulatedgasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending(RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and isintended for sale inside CO nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated gasoline. Other data on gasohol (for use outside of nonattainment areas) areincluded in data on conventional gasoline.Motor Gasoline, Reformulated:Finished motor gasolineformulated for use inmotor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meet the requirementsof the reformulated gasoline regulationspromulgated by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. It includes gasoline produced to meet or exceed emissions performance and benzene contentstandards of federal-program reformulated gasoline even though the gasolinemay not meet all of the composition requirements (e.g. oxygen content) offederal-program reformulated gasoline.Note: This category includes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG). Reformulated gasolineexcludes reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) and gasolinetreated as blendstock (GTAB).MTBE: SeeMethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.NAICS: SeeNorth American Industry Classification System.Naphtha:A generic term applied to apetroleumfraction with an approximateboiling range between 122 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel:SeeJet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture ofhydrocarboncompounds, primarilymethane, used as a fuel forelectricity generationand in a variety of ways inbuildings, and as raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.Natural Gas, Dry:Natural gaswhich remains after: 1) the liquefiablehydrocarbonportion has been removed from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field,and/or plant separation); and 2) any volumes ofnonhydrocarbon gaseshavebeen removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable.Note:Dry natural gas is also known asconsumer-grade natural gas. Theparameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73pounds per square inch absolute.Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing consumer-gradenaturalgas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes used at the production site include1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, andconservation operations; and 2)vented natural gasandflared natural gas. Processing losses include 1)nonhydrocarbon gases(e.g., water vapor,carbon dioxide,helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and 2) gasconverted to liquid form, such aslease condensateandnatural gas plant liquids.Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not considered partof production. Dry natural gas production equalsnatural gas marketed productionlessextraction loss.Natural Gas, Flared:Natural gasburned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants.Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream volume of producednaturalgas, excludinglease condensateseparated at the lease.Natural Gas Liquids (NGL):Thosehydrocarbonsinnatural gasthat are separated from the gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation,adsorption, or other methods in gas processing or cycling plants. Generally suchliquids consist ofpropaneand heavier hydrocarbons and are commonly referredto aslease condensate,natural gasoline, andliquefied petroleum gases. Naturalgas liquids includenatural gas plant liquids(primarilyethane,propane,butane, andisobutane)and lease condensate (primarily pentanes produced fromnatural gas at lease separators and field facilities).U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 375Natural Gas Marketed Production:Natural gas gross withdrawalsfrom production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repressuring;nonhydrocarbon gasesremoved in treating or processing operations; and quantities ofvented natural gasandflared natural gas. Includes all quantities of natural gas used in field and processingoperations.Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with such equipmentas valves, compressor stations, communications systems, and meters, for transportingnatural gasand/orsupplemental gaseous fuelsfrom one point toanother, usually from a point in or beyond the producing field or processing plantto another pipeline or to points of utilization. Also refers to a company operatingsuch facilities.Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Thosehydrocarbonsinnatural gasthatare separated as liquids at natural gas processing plants, fractionating and cyclingplants, and, in some instances, field facilities.Lease condensateis excluded.Products obtained includeethane;liquefied petroleum gases(propane,butanes,propane-butane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures);isopentane; and other smallquantities of finished products, such asmotor gasoline,special naphthas,jetfuel,kerosene, anddistillate fuel oil. SeeNatural Gas Liquids.Natural Gas Processing Plant: A surface installation designed to separate andrecovernatural gas liquidsfrom a stream of producednatural gasthrough theprocesses of condensation, absorption,refrigeration, or other methods, and tocontrol the quality of natural gas marketed or returned to oil or gas reservoirs forpressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.Natural Gas, Vented:Natural gasreleased into the air on the production site or atprocessing plants.Natural Gas Well: Awellcompleted for the production ofnatural gasfrom one ormore natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing bothcrude oiland naturalgas are classified ascrude oil wells.)Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price ofnatural gascalculated by dividing the totalreported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by theappropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance,and similar charges.Natural Gasoline: A mixture ofhydrocarbons(mostly pentanes and heavier)extracted fromnatural gasthat meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by theGas Processors Association. Includesisopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained byfractionationof natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.NERC: SeeNorth American Electric Reliability Corporation.Net Electricity Generation: SeeElectricity Generation, Net.Net Summer Capacity: SeeGenerator Net Summer Capacity.Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally between Kuwait and SaudiArabia under a 1992 agreement.Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced by the burning offossil fuels.Nominal Dollars: A measure used to expressnominal price.Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service at the time of thetransaction. Nominal prices are those thathave not been adjusted to remove theeffect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they reflect buying power inthe year in which the transaction occurred.Non-Biomass Waste:Material of non-biological origin that is a byproduct or adiscarded product. “Non-biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste from nonbiogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.Noncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or more peak loads on individualsystems that do not occur in the same timeinterval. Meaningful only in the contextof loads within a limited period of time, such as day, week, month, a heating or cooling season, and usually for not more than 1 year.Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoirnatural gas, such ascarbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.Nonrenewable Fuels:Fuels that cannot be easily made or "renewed," such ascrude oil,natural gas, andcoal.Normal Butane: SeeButane.North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC): A nonprofit corporation formed in 2006 as the successor to the North American Electric Reliability Council established to develop and maintain mandatory reliability standardsfor the bulk electric system, with thefundamental goal of maintaining andimproving the reliability of that system. NERC consists of regional reliabilityentities covering the interconnected power regions of the contiguous United376 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010States, Canada, and Mexico. See the NERC regions athttp://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/fig02.html.North American Industry Classification System (NAICS): A classificationscheme, developed by the Office of Management and Budget to replace the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System, that categorizes establishments according to the types of production processes they primarily use.Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity generated by the use of thethermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multi-unit facility in which heatproduced in one or more reactors by the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to driveone or more steam turbines.Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission chain reaction can beinitiated, controlled, and sustained ata specific rate. A reactor includes fuel(fissionable material), moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel,a system to conduct heat away from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoringand controlling the reactor's systems.Octane Rating: A number used to indicate gasoline's antiknock performance inmotor vehicle engines. The two recognized laboratory engine test methods for determining the antiknock rating, i.e., octane rating, of gasolines are the Researchmethod and the Motor method. To provide a single number as guidance to theconsumer, the antiknock index (R + M)/2, which is the average of the Research andMotor octane numbers, was developed.OECD: SeeOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development.Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, thecoastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portion of the coast thatis in direct contact with the open seaor the line marking the seaward limit ofinland water. If a State agency uses a different basis for classifying onshore andoffshore areas, the State classification isused (e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined as the Chapman Line, asmodified by subsequent adjudication).Oil: SeeCrude Oil.OPEC:SeeOrganization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., coal sold to companiesother than the reporting company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of theparent company. SeeCaptive Coal.Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a nucleargenerating unitthat hascompleted low-power testing and is in possession of a full-power operating licenseissued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in one of the following three categories at the beginning of a given year: in operation; not in operation and not underactive repair, but capable of being placed into operation within 30 days; or not inoperation, but under active repair that could be completed within 90 days.Operating Income: Operating revenues less operating expenses. Excludes items ofother revenue and expense, such as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates,dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, andcumulative effect of accounting changes.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping governmentstackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership comprises about 30member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations(NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach. Fordetails about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC):An intergovernmental organization whose stated objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of member countries."It was created at the Baghdad Conference onSeptember 10–14, 1960.Current members (with years of membership) includeAlgeria (1969–present), Angola (2007–present), Ecuador (1973–1992 and2007–present), Iran (1960–present), Iraq (1960–present), Kuwait (1960–present),Libya (1962–present), Nigeria (1971–present), Qatar (1961–present), Saudi Arabia(1960–present), United Arab Emirates (1967–present), and Venezuela(1960–present).Countries no longer members of OPEC include Gabon(1975–1994) and Indonesia (1962–2008).Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: SeeMotor Gasoline, Oxygenated.Oxygenates: Substances which, when added tomotor gasoline, increase theamount of oxygen in that gasoline blend.Ethanol,methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tertiarybutyl ether (ETBE), andmethanolare common oxygenates. SeeMotor Gasoline, Oxygenated.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 377Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally in thestratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and amajor component of photochemical smog.PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were originally instituted foreconomic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW)Districts, which were established in 1942.Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustiongases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectorsinclude electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones, fabric filters[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.Peak Kilowatt:Thousandpeak watts.Peak Watt:A manufacturer's unit indicating the amount of power a photovoltaiccell or module will produce at standard test conditions (normally 1,000wattspersquare meter and 25 degrees Celsius).Pentanes Plus: A mixture ofhydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extractedfromnatural gas. Includesisopentane,natural gasoline, andplant condensate.Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one ortwo carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, containing no chlorine. PFCs haveno commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct of aluminum smelting and semiconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100-yearglobal warming potentialsand are very long-lived in the atmosphere.Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived frompetroleumprincipally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquidhydrocarbonmixtures. Included arecrude oil,lease condensate,unfinished oils, refined products obtained from theprocessing of crude oil, andnatural gas plant liquids.Note: Volumes of finishedpetroleum productsinclude nonhydrocarbon compounds, such as additives anddetergents, after they have been blended into the products.Petroleum Coke: SeeCoke, Petroleum.Petroleum Consumption: SeeProducts Supplied(Petroleum).Petroleum Imports: Imports ofpetroleuminto the 50 States and the District ofColumbia from foreign countries and fromPuerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, andother U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for theStrategicPetroleum Reserveand withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshoreconsumption, offshore bunker use, andmilitary use. Excluded are receipts offoreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S.Foreign Trade Zones.Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines used to transportcrude oilandpetroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompanypipelines), within the 50 States and the District of Columbia.Petroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtained from the processing ofcrude oil(includinglease condensate),natural gas, and otherhydrocarboncompounds. Petroleum products includeunfinished oils,liquefied petroleumgases,pentanes plus,aviation gasoline,motor gasoline,naphtha-type jet fuel,kerosene-type jet fuel,kerosene,distillate fuel oil,residual fuel oil,petrochemical feedstocks,special naphthas,lubricants,waxes,petroleum coke,asphalt,road oil,still gas, andmiscellaneous petroleum products.Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individualpetroleum products, quantities thatare held at refineries, inpetroleum pipelines, and at bulk terminals that have acapacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held byproduct retailers and resellers, as wellas tertiary stocks held at the point ofconsumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual products held at gas processingplants are excluded from individual product estimates but are included in otheroil estimates and total.Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-currentelectricitygenerated from sunlight throughsolid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving parts.Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of interconnected photovoltaic cellsdesigned to deliver a selected level of working voltage and current at its outputterminals, packaged for protection against environmental degradation, and suited forincorporation in photovoltaic power systems.Pipeline Fuel:Natural gasconsumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily incompressors.Plant Condensate: One of thenatural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavierhydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquidsat gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.378 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Primary Energy:Energyin the form that it is first accounted for in a statisticalenergy balance, before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms ofenergy. For example,coalcan be converted to synthetic gas, which can beconverted toelectricity; in this example, coal is primary energy, synthetic gas issecondary energy, and electricity is tertiary energy. SeePrimary Energy ProductionandPrimary Energy Consumption.Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption ofprimary energy. (Energysources that are produced from other energy sources—e.g.,coal cokefromcoal—are included in primary energy consumption only if their energy content hasnot already been included as part of the original energy source. Thus, U.S. primaryenergy consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the coal cokeproduced from domestic coal.) The U.S. Energy Information Administrationincludes the following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption;coal coke net imports;petroleum consumption(petroleum products supplied,includingnatural gas plant liquidsandcrude oilburned as fuel);dry naturalgas—excludingsupplemental gaseous fuels—consumption;nuclear electricitynet generation(converted toBtuusing the nuclearheat rates);conventionalhydroelectricitynet generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heatrates);geothermalelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat rates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct useenergy;solar thermalandphotovoltaicelectricity net generation (converted toBtu using the fossil-fuels heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy;windelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates);woodand wood-derived fuelsconsumption;biomass wasteconsumption;fuel ethanolandbiodieselconsumption; losses and co-products from the production of fuelethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). SeeTotal EnergyConsumption.Primary Energy Production: Production ofprimary energy. The U.S. EnergyInformation Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production:coalproduction,waste coalsupplied, and coal refuse recovery;crude oilandlease condensateproduction;natural gas plant liquidsproduction;dry naturalgas—excludingsupplemental gaseous fuels—production;nuclear electricitynetgeneration(converted toBtuusing the nuclearheat rates);conventional hydroelectricitynet generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates);geothermalelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heatrates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy;solarthermalandphotovoltaicelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy;windelectricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates);wood and wood-derived fuelsconsumption;biomass wasteconsumption; andbiofuelsfeedstock.Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine thatdrives an electricgenerator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that convertsenergytoelectricitydirectly.Process Fuel: Allenergyconsumed in the acquisition, processing, and transportation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes three categories: natural gas leaseand plant operations,natural gas pipelineoperations, and oil refinery operations.Processing Gain: The volumetric amount by which total output is greater thaninput for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing ofcrudeoilintopetroleum productswhich, in total, have a lower specific gravity than thecrude oil processed.Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by which total refinery output is less thaninput for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing ofcrudeoilintopetroleum productswhich, in total, have a higher specific gravity than thecrude oil processed.Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption ofpetroleum productsbecause it measures the disappearance of these productsfrom primary sources, i.e.,refineries,natural gas processing plants, blendingplants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refineryproduction, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts whencalculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses,minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chainhydrocarbon(C3H8). It is a colorlessparaffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extractedfromnatural gasorrefinery gasstreams. It includes all products designated inASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications forcommercial propane and HD-5 propane.Propylene: An olefinichydrocarbon(C3H6) recovered from refinery processes orpetrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated quantities of all liquids defined ascrude oilthat geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonablecertainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existingeconomic and operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volumes oflease condensateexpectedto be recovered in future years inconjunction with the production of provedU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 379reserves ofnatural gasbased on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities ofnatural gasthat analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to berecoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic andoperating conditions.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes ofnatural gas liquids(includinglease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separablein the future from provednatural gasreserves, under existing economic and operating conditions.Pumped Storage: SeeHydroelectric Pumped Storage.Real Price: A price that has been adjusted toremove the effect of changes in thepurchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constantdollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. SeeChained Dollars.Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: SeeCrude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost.Refinery Gas: SeeStill Gas.Refineryand Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials,unfinished oils, and blendingcomponents processed at refineries, or blended at refineries or petroleum storageterminals to produce finishedpetroleum products. Included are gross inputs ofcrude oil, natural gas plant liquids, otherhydrocarbonraw materials, hydrogen,oxygenates(excludingfuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including fuel ethanol).Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils,motor gasoline blending components, andaviation gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated asgross inputs minus gross production. Negative net inputs indicate gross inputs areless than gross production. Examples of negative net inputs include reformulatedgasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending(RBOB) produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals, and unfinished oils produced and added to inventoryin advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil distillation unit.Refinery and Blender Net Production:Liquefied refinery gases, and finishedpetroleum productsproduced at arefineryor petroleum storage terminalblending facility. Net production equals gross production minus gross inputs.Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for afinished petroleum product. Examples of negative net production include reclassification of one finished product to another finished product, or reclassificationof a finished product tounfinished oilsor blending components.Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures finishedpetroleum productsfromcrude oil,unfinished oils,natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, andalcohol.Reformulated Motor Gasoline: SeeMotor Gasoline, Reformulated.Refuse Mine: A surface mine wherecoalis recovered from previously mined coal. Itmay also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.Refuse Recovery: The recapture ofcoalfrom arefuse mineor the coal recapturedby that process. The resulting product hasbeen cleaned to reduce the concentrationof noncombustible materials.Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example,fossil fuels, which are in finite supply). Renewable sourcesof energy includeconventional hydroelectric power,geothermal,solar,wind,andbiomass.Replacement Fuel:The portion of any motor fuel that ismethanol,ethanol, orotheralcohols,natural gas,liquefied petroleum gases,hydrogen, coal-derivedliquid fuels,electricity(including electricity fromsolar energy),ethers,biodiesel,or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determines, by rule, is substantially notpetroleumand would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits.Repressuring: The injection of gas intocrude oilornatural gasformations toeffect greater ultimate recovery.Residential Sector: Anenergy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters forprivate households. Common uses of energy associated with this sector includespace heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, andrunning a variety of other appliances. Theresidential sector excludes institutionalliving quarters.Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—for furtherexplanation see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm. SeeEnd-Use SectorsandEnergy-Use Sectors.Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, thatremain after thedistillate fuel oilsand lighterhydrocarbonsare distilled awayin refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications D396 and D975 andFederal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity,is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification380 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010MIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used insteam-powered vessels in government service and inshoreelectric powerplants. No. 6 fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used forelectricitygeneration,space heating,vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.Road Oil: Any heavypetroleumoil, including residual asphaltic oil, used as adust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generallyproduced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tubeattached to a bit for boring holes through rock.Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royaltycontract.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.Solar Energy: SeeSolar Thermal EnergyandPhotovoltaic Energy.Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation andconvert it to thermalenergy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes aframe, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heatcollected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored forlater use. Solar collectors are used forspace heating, domestic hot waterheating, and heating swimming pools, hot tubs, or spas.Solar Thermal Energy: The radiantenergyof the sun that can be converted intoother forms of energy, such as heat orelectricity.Space Heating: The use ofenergyto generate heat for warmth in housing unitsusing space-heating equipment. The equipment could bethe main space-heatingequipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use ofenergy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that giveoff heat as a byproduct.Special Naphthas: All finishedpetroleum productswithin thenaphthaboilingrange that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents. Those products arerefined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexaneand cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications D1836 and D484,respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed asmotor gasolineoraviationgasolineor that are to be used aspetrochemical feedstocksor synthetic naturalgas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an industrial process; can be a component of waste materials used as fuel.Spot Market Price: SeeSpot Price.Spot Price: The price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery of the specific quantity of product ata specific location where the commodity ispurchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Station Use:Energythat is used to operate anelectric power plant. It includesenergy consumed for plant lighting, power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless ofwhether the energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.Steam-Electric Power Plant: Anelectric power plantin which theprime moveris a steam turbine. The steamused to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler wherefossil fuelsare burned.Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineriesby distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal constituents aremethane,ethane,ethylene,normal butane,butylene,propane,propylene, etc. Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and apetrochemical feedstock. The conversion factor is 6 millionBtuper fuel oil equivalentbarrel.Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future use. SeeCrude Oil Stocks, CoalStocks,andPetroleum Stocks, Primary.Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR):Petroleumstocks maintained by the FederalGovernment for use during periods of major supply interruption.Subbituminous Coal: Acoalwhose properties range from those oflignitetothose ofbituminous coaland used primarily as fuel for steam-electric powergeneration. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lowerend of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upperend. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight.The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 millionBtupershort tonon a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United Statesaverages 17 to 18 million Btu per shortton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineralmatter). SeeCoal Rank.Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorless gas soluble in water,alcohol,andether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in paper pulping and ore refining, andas a solvent.U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 381Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble inalcoholandether, andslightly less soluble in water. It is usedas a dielectric in electronics. It possesses thehighest 100-yearglobal warming potentialof any gas (23,900).Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance introduced into or commingled withnatural gasthat increases the volume available for disposition. Suchsubstances include, but are not limited to, propane-air,refinery gas, coke-ovengas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added for Btu stabilization.Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas.) Amanufactured product, chemically similar in most respects tonatural gas, resultingfrom the conversion or reforming ofhydrocarbonsthat may easily be substitutedfor or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.Thermal Conversion Factor:A factor for converting data between physicalunits of measure (such asbarrels,cubic feet, orshort tons) and thermal units ofmeasure (such asBritish thermal units, calories, or joules); or for convertingdata between different thermal units of measure. SeeBtu Coversion Factor.Total Energy Consumption:Primary energy consumptionin theend-usesectors, pluselectricity retail salesandelectrical system energy losses.Transportation Sector: Anenergy-consuming sector that consists of all vehicleswhose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physicallocation to another. Included are automobiles; trucks;buses; motorcycles; trains,subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterbornevehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose isnot transportation (e.g., constructioncranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse tractors and forklifts) areclassified in the sectorof their primary use.Note: Various EIA programs differ insectoral coverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm. SeeEnd-Use SectorsandEnergy-Use Sectors.Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between thecalculated supply and the calculated disposition ofcrude oil. The calculatedsupply is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oilstocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input torefineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differences between the sum of thecomponents ofnatural gassupply and the sum of components of natural gasdisposition. These differences may be dueto quantities lost or to the effects ofdata reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the netresult of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperatures and pressurebases and converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect ofvariations in company accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle and calendar-period time frames; and imbalances resulting from themerger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and typeof respondents.Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sub-surface facilities for storingnatural gasthat has been transferred from its original location. The facilities areusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoirs (depletedcrude oilor natural gas fields) or water-bearing sandstopped by an impermeablecap rock (aquifer).Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves(Crude Oil and Natural Gas): Thoseeconomic resources ofcrude oilandnatural gas, yet undiscovered, that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring onlymechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced by partial refining ofcrude oiland includenaphthasand lighter oils,keroseneand light gas oils, heavy gas oils,and residuum.Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregatednatural gas liquidcomponents,excluding those inplant condensate. This product is extracted fromnatural gas.Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.):A political entity that consisted of 15constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, andUzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of December 31, 1991.United States: The 50 States and the Districtof Columbia. Note: The United Stateshas varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and other politicalentities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, including Puerto Rico,the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands,Wake Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs may includedata from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals. For these pograms, data productswill contain notes explainingthe extent of geographiccoverage included under theterm "United States."Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Itstwo principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235is indispensable to the nuclear industrybecause it is the only isotope existing innature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium238 is also important because it absorbsneutrons to produce a radioactive isotopethat subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, which also is fissionable by thermal neutrons.382 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling ofuranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct ofphosphoric acid production. SeeUranium Oxide.Uranium Ore: Rock containinguraniummineralization in concentrations that canbe mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 (uranium oxide) perton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8Uranium Oxide:Uranium concentrateoryellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8.Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories of uranium resources defined bythe international community to reflect differing levels of confidence in the existenceof the resources. Reasonablyassured resources (RAR), estimated additional resources(EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described below.Reasonably assured resources (RAR):Uraniumthat occurs in knownmineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could berecovered within the given productioncost ranges, with currently provenmining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade arebased on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and onknowledge of deposit characteristics.Note: RAR corresponds to DOE’suranium reserves category.Estimated additional resources (EAR):Uraniumin addition to RAR thatis expected to occur, mostly on thebasis of geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, inlittle-explored deposits, and in undiscovered deposits believed to existalong well-defined geological trendswith known deposits. This uranium cansubsequently be recovered withinthe given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics, asdetermined in the best-known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits.Note: EAR corresponds to DOE’s probable potential resources category.Speculative resources (SR):Uraniumin addition to EAR that is thoughtto exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable withexisting exploration techniques. Thelocation of deposits in this category can generally be specified only asbeing somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The estimatesin this category are less reliable than estimates of RAR and EAR.Note:SR corresponds to the combination of DOE’s possible potential resourcesand speculative potential resources categories.Useful Thermal Output: The thermalenergymade available in acombinedheat-and-powersystem for use in any industrial or commercial process,heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermalenergy made available for processes and applications other thanelectricity generation.U.S.S.R.: SeeUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).Vented Natural Gas: SeeNatural Gas, Vented.Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or private boats,such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S.Armed Forces.Waste:SeeBiomass WasteandNon-Biomass Waste.Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previouscoalprocessingoperations. Waste coal is usually composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (minewaste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal,coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam,anthracite culm, bituminous gob,and lignite waste.Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere under a pressure of onevolt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.Watthour (Wh): Theelectric energyunit of measure equal to onewattof powersupplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily for one hour.Wax:A solid or semi-solid material at 77 degrees Fahrenheit consisting of amixture ofhydrocarbonsobtained or derived frompetroleumfractions, orthrough a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in which the straight chained paraffinseries predominates. This includes all marketable wax, whether crude or refined,with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 80 (or 85) and 240 degrees Fahrenheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent.Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producingcrude oilornatural gas; or (2) producing services related to the production ofcrude oil or natural gas. SeeCompletion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production),Crude Oil Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, Exploratory Well,andNaturalGas Well.Wellhead: The point at which thecrude oil(and/ornatural gas) exits the ground.Following historical precedent, the volumeand price for crude oil production arelabeled as “wellhead,” even though the cost and volume are now generally measuredU.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 383at the lease boundary. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term “wellhead”is the generic term used to reference the production site or lease property.Wellhead Price: The value ofcrude oilornatural gasat the mouth of the well.SeeNatural Gas Wellhead Price.Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment generally used for downhole services after awellis drilled. Services include well completions and recompletions,maintenance, repairs, workovers, andwell plugging and abandonments. Jobs rangefrom minor operations, such as pulling the rods and rod pumps out of acrude oilwell, to major workovers, such as milling outand repairing collapsed casing. Welldepth and characteristics determine the type of equipment used.Western Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Macedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Netherlands, Norway,Portugal,Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and theUnited Kingdom.Wind Energy:Kineticenergypresent in wind motion that can be converted tomechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and electric powergenerators.Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products derived from wood that areused as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark,sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility poles,blackliquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfiteliquor, and other wood-based solids andliquids.Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir that is in addition to the cushionorbase gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working capacity could be usedmore than once during any season.Yellowcake: A naturaluranium concentratethat takes its name from its colorand texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 percent U3O8(uraniumoxide) by weight. It is used as feedstock foruraniumfuel enrichment and fuelpellet fabrication.384 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

# Annual Energy Review

Long-term his tor i cal data on U.S. en ergy pro duc tion, con sump tion,

stocks, trade, and prices. In cludes an over view of U.S. en ergy and

de tailed chap ters on en ergy con sump tion, ma jor fu els, fi nan cial in

- di ca tors, en ergy re sources, in ter na tional en ergy data, and en vi ron

-

men tal in di ca tors. Most se ries be gin in 1949.

www.eia.gov/aer



# Petroleum Supply Annual

In for ma tion on the sup ply and dis po si tion of crude oil and pe tro

- leum prod ucts. Vol ume 1 con tains sum mary and de tailed sta tis tics,

in clud ing trade, stocks, and re fin ery data. Vol ume 2 con tains fi nal

monthly sta tis tics for the an nual data pre sented in Vol ume 1.

www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/

psa_volume1/psa_volume1.html



# Petroleum Marketing Annual

In for ma tion on vol umes and prices of crude oils and re fined pe tro

- leum prod ucts, in clud ing mo tor gas o line, dis til late fuel oil, re sid ual

fuel oil, avi a tion fuel, ker o sene, and pro pane.

www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/

pma.html



# Natural Gas Annual

Re view of U.S. nat u ral gas ac tiv i ties, in clud ing pro duc tion, con sump

- tion, prices, move ments, and storage. Sum mary data are pre

- sented by State and at the na tional level.

www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_annual/nga.html 

# Annual Coal Report

Re view of U.S. coal pro duc tion; num ber of mines; prices; re cov

- er able re serves; em ploy ment; pro duc tiv ity; pro duc tive ca pac

- ity; con sump tion by sec tor; and stocks. Data are avail able at the

State level.

www.eia.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_sum.html



# Electric Power Annual

Re view of U.S. elec tric power in dus try, in clud ing gen er a tion;

generating ca pac ity; de mand, ca pac ity re sources, and ca

- pac ity mar gins; fuel con sump tion, stocks, re ceipts, cost, and

quality; emis sions; trade; re tail cus tom ers, sales, rev e nue, and

av er age re tail prices; rev e nue and ex pense sta tis tics; and de

- mand-side man age ment.

www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html



# Renewable Energy Annual

Four re ports: Re new able En ergy Trends ; So lar Ther mal and Pho

- to vol taic Col lec tor Man u fac turing Ac tiv ities ; Sur vey of Geo ther

- mal Heat Pump Ship ments; and Green Pricing and Net Me tering

Pro grams

. www.eia.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/rea_data/rea_sum.html l



# Ura nium Marketing Annual Report

Review of U.S. ura nium in dus try ac tiv i ties re lat ing to ura nium raw

ma te ri als and ura nium mar ket ing. Data for the most re cent sur

- vey year and in dus try’s plans and com mit ments for the

near-term fu ture.

www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/umar/umar.html 

# Annual Historical Data Reports

from the U.S. Energy Information Administration

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces a variety of annual statistical reports on major energy resources and industry activities. Included are:

For more in for ma tion about these and other EIA prod ucts, con tact the Office of Communications at 202–586–8800 or infoctr@eia.gov.