DOE/EIA-0384(2010) | October 2011

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Annual Energy Review 2010
The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's

(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, databegin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financialand environment indicators; and data unit conversions.Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department ofEnergy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilitiesgiven to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:

“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,comprehensive, and unified energy data and information programwhich will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data

and information....”

The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readersregarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.

Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, and 1966-1969) are not shown on the tables inthe printed report or the Portable Document Format (PDF) files; however, all yearsof data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperText Markup Language(HTML) files.Comprehensive Changes: Most AER 2010 tables and figures carry a

new year of data (usually 2010), which are often preliminary and likely to berevised next year, and revisions to much of the 2009 data, which are now final inmany cases.Monthly Data: The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analystsmay wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIA’s monthly releasesthat offer updates to the most recent years’ data. In particular, see the MonthlyEnergy Review at http://www.eia.gov/mer for statistics that include updates tomany of the annual series in this report.

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Annual Energy Review 201

October 2011

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical andanalytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecastsare independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. Theviews in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of

Energy or other Federal agencies.

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Survey Development and Statisti

Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T. Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments about t

Repice, 202-586-5828 (ryan.repice@eia.gov), the Office of Communications, 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov), or the following subject sp

1. Energy Overview....................................... Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 2. Energy Consumption by Sector........................... Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey................ Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.gov 

Residential Energy Consumption Survey................... James Berry james.berry@eia.gov 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.......... Joelle Michaels joelle.michaels@eia.gov 

3. Financial Indicators

Financial Reporting System............................. Robert Schmitt robert.schmitt@eia.gov 

4. Energy Resources

Petroleum and Natural Gas.............................. Robert F. King robert.king@eia.gov Coal................................................ Nicholas Paduano nicholas.paduano@eia.gov 

Uranium............................................ Doug Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.gov 

Renewable Energy.................................... April Lee april.lee@eia.gov 

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids............................. Jennifer Barrick jennifer.barrick@eia.gov 

Prices.............................................. Marlana Anderson marlana.anderson@eia.gov 

6. Natural Gas........................................... Amy Sweeney amy.sweeney@eia.gov 7. Coal.................................................. Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.gov 

8. Electricity............................................. Channele Wirman channele.wirman@eia.gov 

9. Nuclear Energy........................................ Michael Mobilia michael.mobilia@eia.gov 

10. Renewable Energy...................................... Gwendolyn Jacobs gwendolyn.jacobs@eia.gov 

11. Environment

Greenhouse Gases..................................... Perry Lindstrom perry.lindstrom@eia.gov 

Environmental Equipment.............................. Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.gov 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Contacts

This twenty-ninth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the U.S.

Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) most comprehensive look at integratedenergy statistics. The summary statistics on the Nation’s energy production,consumption, trade, stocks, and prices cover all major energy commodities and allenergy-consuming sectors of the U.S. economy from 1949 through 2010. The AERis EIA’s historical record of energy statistics and, because the coverage spans sixdecades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analysis. The AER is a companion report to EIA’s Monthly Energy Review (MER), and it

covers most MER series over a much longer time span. Numerous additional seriesare included in the AER. The additional series are available because EIA’s surveys,on which both reports are largely based, provide more extensive coverage of annualstatistics than of monthly statistics.AER statistics for recent years, particularly 2010, are more likely than statistics forearlier years to be revised by EIA as new information becomes available. The MER,therefore, is the recommended source for the most recent statistics for many of theAER series. For the most part, fuel-specific statistics in the AER are expressed in physical units,such as barrels, cubic feet, short tons, and kilowatthours. Summary statistics in

Sections 1 and 2, however, are expressed in Brallows different fuels to be compared and integrateU.S. consumption of primary energy, to be calculatThe AER emphasizes domestic energy statistics buexample, statistics on petroleum imports by countrSection 5, “Petroleum,” in order to give a complete Publication of the AER each year is in keeping wSection 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy OrgThe report is intended for use by Members of Conenergy analysts, and the general public. EIA weregarding its energy statistics. To make a suggesttion regarding the contents of the AER, readers specialists listed as contacts on the preceding page.Printed copies of the Annual Energy Review 2010 mU.S. Government Printing Office or EIA’s Office the inside front cover of this report. The informatelectronically at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/dat

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Preface

This edition of EIA’s Annual Energy Review (AER) incorporates several changes

from earlier editions. The major changes are summarized below.

Noncombustible Renewable EnergyAn important change in this year’s AER occurs in Table 1.3, where the concepts of“captured energy” and “adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence” for noncombustiblerenewable energy sources – conventional hydroelectric power, solar thermal andphotovoltaic, wind, and geothermal – are shown for the first time. This change isimportant for two reasons. First, a new calculation brings reporting of geothermal energy used for electricitygeneration in line with EIA’s reporting of other noncombustible renewable energyconsumption. Beginning in the April 2011 issue of the Monthly Energy Reviewand in this edition of the AER, EIA uses the fossil-fuels heat rate, calculated as9,760 Btu per kilowatthour in 2010, to measure the amount of geothermal energyused for electricity net generation. Previously, a technology-specific heat rate,estimated as 21,017 Btu per kilowatthour in 2010 (see Table A6), was used forgeothermal energy consumption. All things being equal, the use of the new heatrate reduces consumption of geothermal energy by about half in 2010 and theconsumption of all renewable energy by more than 2 percent. This changeshould be taken into account when analyzing long-term trends in geothermal and

renewable energy consumption. 

Second, totals for “captured energy” and “adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence”

have been calculated. “Captured energy” is defined as the energy content of the netelectricity generated from noncombustible renewable resources and noncombustibleenergy that is used directly. The “adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence” shows the

difference between captured energy and the energy in the fossil fuels that would

have been needed to generate the same amount of electricity. The summary information shown in Table 1.3 is shown in more detail on Tables10.1-10.4 and in Appendix F, Table F3. Appendix F contains a more completeexplanation of the geothermal calculation and of other approaches to calculating theenergy value of noncombustible renewable energy consumption.

Petroleum and Other LiquidsFormer Table 5.1, “Petroleum Overview, Selectebered as Table 5.1b and is now preceded by TaLiquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010.” Timportance of non-petroleum liquids, such as fuepetroleum markets. It includes data on the produconsumption of petroleum and other liquids, as wetion as a share of estimated consumption, and (2) nconsumption.Renewable Energy Resource MapsFor the first time, the AER displays six detailerenewable energy resources. Figures 4.14-4.19 csolar photovoltaic, onshore wind, offshore wind, geThe geospatial data and the map images are prodEnergy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory.International DataThe AER no longer contains a separate international 1980 that were formerly presented in AER Section 1tional energy statistics table browser at http:// www.ebe found in AER 2009 at http://www.eia.gov/FTPRAER continues to present trade data for individual fthe report. For example, statistics on petroleum imincluded in Section 5, “Petroleum and Other Liquids.Energy TransformationThe AER’s new Appendix F includes an explanatioenergy transformation processes, some useful enerof energy to another. The most significant lossesgenerated from primary energy sources. In Section sector continues to be portrayed as an energy-conFigure F1, the electric power sector is portrayed as For more information, please see Appendix F

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Changes in This Year’s Annual Energy Review

Contents

Sections

1. Energy Overview...........................................................................................2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Petroleum and Other Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendices

A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

E. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow Diagrams

Energy Flow, 2010..........................................................................................Petroleum Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Natural Gas Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Coal Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010........................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010..............................................

1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010....................................

1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates, Selected Years, 1980-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables x U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2009. . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, Selected Years, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration and Developmen

 Expenditures, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1

4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids

5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
5. Petroleum and Other Liquids—Continued

5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables xii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
8. Electricity—Continued

8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 19898.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . 

 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-20

 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . 

8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . 

 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 19

8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 198

8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-20

8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989

8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, Selected Years, 1986-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
10. Renewable Energy—Continued

10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. Environment

11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 11.4 Methane Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-200911.6b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2011.6c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2009. . . . . . . 

Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

 A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator

D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables xiv U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945

E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption

F1. Conversion Efficiencies of Noncombustible Renewable Energy Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

F2. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F3. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
1. Energy Overview

1.0 Energy Flow, 2010....................................................................................1.1 Primary Energy Overview..............................................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source.....................................................................1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source...........................................................1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Person, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxvi U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2009. . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14 Concentrating Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15 Photovoltaic Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.16 Onshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17 Offshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.18 Geothermal Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.19 Biomass Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids

5.0 Petroleum Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.1b Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
5. Petroleum and Other Liquids—Continued

5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.0 Coal Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.8 Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 7.9 Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8. Electricity

8.0 Electricity Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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8. Electricity—Continued

8.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.3 Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.4 Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. Environment

11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
11. Environment—Continued

11.6 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Division

 C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption

 F1. Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total Energy, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxx U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
1. Energy Overview

Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Natural gas plant liquids.3 Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.5 Natural gas, coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.6 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.7 Coal, natural gas, coal coke, electricity, and biofuels.8 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.9 Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel.

10 Includes 0.01 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports11 Includes 0.09 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.12 Total energy consumption, which is the sum of primar

sales, and electrical system energy losses. Losses are proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail Energy Losses,” at end of Section 2.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived 

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview 

Overview, 1949-2010 Production and Consumption, 2010Overview, 2010 Energy Flow, 2010

 (Quadrillion Btu)

4 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Consumption

Production

Imports

Production 

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

75

30

8

98

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil

Fuels

Nuclear

Renewable

75

Exports

1 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for. Source: Table 1.1.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Production Trade

Stock

Change

and

Other 8

Co

Fossil

 Fuels 2

Nuclear

Electric

Power 3

Renewable

Energy 4 Total

 Imports Exports Net Imports 1

Fossil

Fuels 9

Nucle

Electr

Power 

Petroleum 5 Total 6 Coal Total 7 Total 

1949 28.748 0.000 2.974 31.722 1.427 1.448 0.877 1.592 -0.144 0.403 29.002 0.001950 32.563 .000 2.978 35.540 1.886 1.913 .786 1.465 .448 -1.372 31.632 .001955 37.364 .000 2.784 40.148 2.752 2.790 1.465 2.286 .504 -.444 37.410 .001960 39.869 .006 R2.928 R42.803 3.999 4.188 1.023 1.477 2.710 -.427 42.137 .001965 47.235 .043 R3.396 R50.674 5.402 5.892 1.376 1.829 4.063 -.722 50.577 .041970 59.186 .239 R4.070 R63.495 7.470 8.342 1.936 2.632 5.709 -1.367 63.522 .231975 54.733 1.900 R4.687 R61.320 12.948 14.032 1.761 2.323 11.709 R-1.065 R65.357 1.901976 54.723 2.111 R4.727 R61.561 15.672 16.760 1.597 2.172 14.588 R-.175 R69.107 2.111977 55.101 2.702 R4.209 R62.012 18.756 19.948 1.442 2.052 17.896 R-1.946 R70.991 2.701978 55.074 3.024 R5.005 R63.104 17.824 19.106 1.078 1.920 17.186 R-.339 R71.854 3.021979 58.006 2.776 R5.123 R65.904 17.933 19.460 1.753 2.855 16.605 R-1.650 R72.891 2.771980 59.008 2.739 R5.428 R67.175 14.658 15.796 2.421 3.695 12.101 R-1.210 R69.828 2.731981 58.529 3.008 R5.414 R66.951 12.639 13.719 2.944 4.307 9.412 R-.257 R67.571 3.001982 57.458 3.131 R5.980 R66.569 10.777 11.861 2.787 4.608 7.253 -.723 63.888 3.131983 54.416 3.203 R6.496 R64.114 10.647 11.752 2.045 3.693 8.059 R.798 R63.152 3.201984 58.849 3.553 R6.438 R68.840 11.433 12.471 2.151 3.786 8.685 R-.892 R66.506 3.551985 57.539 4.076 R6.084 R67.698 10.609 11.781 2.438 4.196 7.584 R1.110 R66.093 4.071986 56.575 4.380 R6.111 R67.066 13.201 14.151 2.248 4.021 10.130 R-.549 R66.033 4.381987 57.167 4.754 R5.622 R67.542 14.162 15.398 2.093 3.812 11.586 R-.074 R68.521 4.751988 57.875 5.587 R5.457 R68.919 15.747 17.296 2.499 4.366 12.929 R.861 R71.557 5.581989 57.483 5.602 R6.235 R69.320 17.162 18.766 2.637 4.661 14.105 R1.361 R72.911 5.601990 58.560 6.104 R6.041 R70.705 17.117 18.817 2.772 4.752 14.065 R-.284 R72.332 6.101991 57.872 6.422 R6.069 R70.362 16.348 18.335 2.854 5.141 13.194 R.882 71.880 6.421992 57.655 6.479 R5.821 R69.955 16.968 19.372 2.682 4.937 14.435 R1.392 R73.396 6.471993 55.822 6.410 R6.083 R68.315 18.510 21.273 1.962 4.258 17.014 R2.094 R74.836 6.411994 58.044 6.694 R5.988 R70.726 19.243 22.390 1.879 4.061 18.329 .037 R76.256 6.691995 57.540 7.075 R6.558 R71.174 18.881 22.260 2.318 4.511 17.750 R2.105 R77.259 7.071996 58.387 7.087 R7.012 R72.486 20.284 23.702 2.368 4.633 19.069 R2.468 R79.785 7.081997 58.857 6.597 R7.018 R72.472 21.740 25.215 2.193 4.514 20.701 1.429 R80.873 6.591998 59.314 7.068 R6.494 R72.876 22.908 26.581 2.092 4.299 22.281 -.140 81.369 7.061999 57.614 7.610 R6.517 R71.742 23.133 27.252 1.525 3.715 23.537 R1.373 82.427 7.612000 57.366 7.862 R6.104 R71.332 24.531 28.973 1.528 4.006 24.967 R2.516 R84.731 7.862001 58.541 8.029 R5.164 R71.735 25.398 30.157 1.265 R3.771 26.386 -1.953 82.902 8.022002 56.894 8.145 R5.734 R70.773 R24.674 R29.408 1.032 R3.669 25.739 R1.181 R83.747 8.142003 56.099 7.959 R5.982 R70.040 R26.219 31.061 1.117 4.054 27.007 R.931 R84.014 7.952004 55.895 8.222 R6.070 R70.188 R28.197 R33.544 1.253 R4.434 29.110 R.850 85.805 8.222005 55.038 8.161 R6.229 R69.427 R29.248 R34.709 1.273 R4.560 30.149 R.701 R85.790 8.162006 55.968 8.215 R6.608 R70.792 R29.169 R34.679 1.264 R4.872 R29.806 R-.974 84.687 8.212007 56.447 8.455 R6.537 R71.440 R28.781 R34.703 1.507 R5.482 R29.221 R.703 R86.251 8.452008 R57.482 8.427 R7.205 R73.114 R27.685 R32.992 2.071 R7.060 R25.932 R.222 R83.540 8.422009 R56.644 R8.356 R7.603 R72.603 R25.082 R29.706 1.515 R6.965 R22.741 R-.869 R78.416 R8.352010P 58.527 8.441 8.064 75.031 25.290 29.792 2.101 8.173 21.619 1.352 81.425 8.44

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. 3 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6). 4 See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable

Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.

5 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 6 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and electricity. 7 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, biodiesel, and electricity. 8 Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stock

change and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,

losses, and unaccounted for; fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel st

9 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. For petr

an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Consumption," at end of Section 5.

10 Also includes electricity net imports.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and 

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independe

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totSources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

By Source Category, 1949-2010 By Major Source, 1949-2010By Source, 20106 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

255075

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

 Electric 

Power

Renewable Energy

Biomass

22 22

12

8

4

3 3

1

Natural Coal Crude Oil1 Nuclear Biomass NGPL3 Hydro- Geothermal,

05

1015202530

Quadrillion Btu

Hydroelectric Power2

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Conventional hydroelectric power. 

3 Natural gas plant liquids.

Source: Table 1.2. 

Solar/PV,

Wind

Gas electric

Power2

Electric

Power 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

2

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

Oil 3 NGPL 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 Wind 9 Biomass 10 

1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0.000 1.425 NA NA NA 1.549 1950 14.060 6.233 11.447 .823 32.563 .000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 1955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 1960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 .006 1.608 R (s) NA NA 1.320 1965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 .043 2.059 R.002 NA NA 1.335 1970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 .239 2.634 R.006 NA NA 1.431 1975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 3.155 R.034 NA NA 1.499 1976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 2.976 R.038 NA NA 1.713 1977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 2.333 R.037 NA NA 1.838 1978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 2.937 R.031 NA NA 2.038 1979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 2.931 R.040 NA NA 2.152 1980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 2.900 R.053 NA NA 2.476 1981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 2.758 R.059 NA NA 2.596 1982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 3.266 R.051 NA NA 2.663 1983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 3.527 R.064 NA (s) 2.904 1984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 3.386 R.081 (s) (s) 2.971 1985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 2.970 R.097 (s) (s) 3.016 1986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 4.380 3.071 R.108 (s) (s) 2.932 1987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 4.754 2.635 R.112 (s) (s) 2.875 1988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 5.587 2.334 R.106 (s) (s) 3.016 1989 221.360 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.483 5.602 2.837 R.162 .055 .022 3.159 1990 22.488 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.560 6.104 3.046 R.171 R.059 .029 2.735 1991 21.636 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.872 6.422 3.016 R.178 R.062 .031 2.782 1992 21.694 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.655 6.479 2.617 R.179 .064 .030 2.932 1993 20.336 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.822 6.410 2.892 R.186 .066 .031 2.908 1994 22.202 19.348 14.103 2.391 58.044 6.694 2.683 R.173 R.068 .036 3.028 1995 22.130 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.540 7.075 3.205 R.152 R.069 .033 3.099 1996 22.790 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.387 7.087 3.590 R.163 R.070 .033 3.155 1997 23.310 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.857 6.597 3.640 R.167 .070 .034 3.108 1998 24.045 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.314 7.068 3.297 R.168 R.069 .031 2.929 1999 23.295 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.614 7.610 3.268 R.171 R.068 .046 2.965 2000 22.735 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.366 7.862 2.811 R.164 R.065 .057 3.006 2001 223.547 20.166 12.282 2.547 58.541 8.029 2.242 R.164 R.064 .070 2.624 2002 22.732 19.439 12.163 2.559 56.894 8.145 2.689 R.171 R.063 .105 2.705 2003 22.094 19.633 12.026 2.346 56.099 7.959 2.825 R.175 R.062 .115 2.805 2004 22.852 19.074 11.503 2.466 55.895 8.222 2.690 R.178 R.063 .142 2.998 2005 23.185 18.556 10.963 2.334 55.038 8.161 2.703 R.181 R.063 .178 3.104 2006 23.790 19.022 10.801 2.356 55.968 8.215 2.869 R.181 R.068 .264 3.226 2007 23.493 19.825 10.721 2.409 56.447 8.455 2.446 R.186 R.076 .341 3.489 2008 23.851 R20.703 10.509 2.419 R57.482 8.427 2.511 R.192 R.089 .546 3.867 2009 R21.627 R21.095 R11.348 R2.574 R56.644 R8.356 R2.669 R.200 R.098 R.721 R3.915 2010P 22.077 22.095 11.669 2.686 58.527 8.441 2.509 .212 .109 .924 4.310 

1 Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and

see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.

2 Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount of

refuse recovery. See Table 7.1. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Natural gas plant liquids. 5 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6). 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).

7 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6),

and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (conve

heat rate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy. 9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels 

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass 

ethanol and biodiesel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quNotes: • See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. • Totals ma

due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totaleSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source

Production and Consumption, 1949-2010 By Major Source, 1949-2010By Major Source, 20108 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.

Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in“Renewable Energy.” For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of

petroleum consumption. See Note 1, “Petroleum Products 

tion,” at the end of Section 5

Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530354045

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption

Production

36

25

21

8 8

Petroleum1 Natural Coal Nuclear Renewable

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

Renewable

Energy

Coal

Petroleum1

Gas Electric Energy

Power
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Coal

Coke

Net

Imports 3

Natural

Gas 4 Petroleum 5 Total

Noncombustible 2

Biomass 7 To

Captured

Energy 6

Adjustment for

Fossil Fuel

Equivalence 6 Total 6,7

1949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 29.002 0.000 0.323 1.101 1.425 1.549 21950 12.347 .001 5.968 13.315 31.632 .000 .344 1.071 1.415 1.562 21955 11.167 -.010 8.998 17.255 37.410 .000 .397 .963 1.360 1.424 21960 9.838 -.006 12.385 19.919 42.137 .006 .510 1.098 1.608 1.320 R21965 11.581 -.018 15.769 23.246 50.577 .043 .673 1.388 2.061 1.335 R31970 12.265 -.058 21.795 29.521 63.522 .239 .858 1.781 2.639 1.431 R41975 12.663 .014 19.948 R32.732 R65.357 1.900 1.045 2.143 3.188 1.499 R41976 13.584 (s) 20.345 R35.178 R69.107 2.111 .991 2.022 3.014 1.713 R41977 13.922 .015 19.931 R37.124 R70.991 2.702 .775 1.595 2.371 1.838 R41978 13.766 .125 20.000 R37.963 R71.854 3.024 .977 1.990 2.968 2.038 R51979 15.040 .063 20.666 R37.122 R72.891 2.776 .979 1.992 2.971 2.152 R51980 15.423 -.035 20.235 R34.205 R69.828 2.739 .970 1.983 2.953 2.476 R51981 15.908 -.016 19.747 R31.932 R67.571 3.008 .920 1.898 2.817 2.596 R51982 15.322 -.022 18.356 30.232 63.888 3.131 1.082 2.234 3.316 2.663 R51983 15.894 -.016 17.221 R30.052 R63.152 3.203 1.165 2.426 3.591 2.904 R61984 17.071 -.011 18.394 R31.053 R66.506 3.553 1.133 2.334 3.467 2.971 R61985 17.478 -.013 17.703 R30.925 R66.093 4.076 1.002 2.066 3.068 3.016 R61986 17.260 -.017 16.591 R32.198 R66.033 4.380 1.038 2.141 3.179 2.932 R61987 18.008 .009 17.640 R32.864 R68.521 4.754 .900 1.847 2.747 2.875 R51988 18.846 .040 18.448 R34.223 R71.557 5.587 .807 1.634 2.441 3.016 R51989 19.070 .030 19.602 R34.209 R72.911 5.602 1.048 2.028 3.076 3.159 R61990 19.173 .005 19.603 R33.552 R72.332 6.104 1.128 2.177 3.306 2.735 R61991 18.992 .010 20.033 R32.846 71.880 6.422 1.121 2.166 3.287 2.782 R61992 19.122 .035 20.714 R33.525 R73.396 6.479 1.001 1.889 2.890 2.932 R51993 19.835 .027 21.229 R33.745 R74.836 6.410 1.100 2.074 3.174 2.908 R61994 19.909 .058 21.728 34.561 R76.256 6.694 1.030 1.930 2.961 3.028 R51995 20.089 .061 22.671 R34.438 R77.259 7.075 1.197 2.262 3.459 3.101 R61996 21.002 .023 23.085 R35.675 R79.785 7.087 1.326 2.530 3.857 3.157 R71997 21.445 .046 23.223 36.159 R80.873 6.597 1.360 2.550 3.910 3.105 R71998 21.656 .067 22.830 36.816 81.369 7.068 1.247 2.318 3.565 R2.927 R61999 21.623 .058 22.909 R37.838 82.427 7.610 1.240 2.312 3.552 2.963 R62000 22.580 .065 23.824 R38.262 R84.731 7.862 1.090 2.008 3.098 3.008 R62001 21.914 .029 22.773 R38.186 82.902 8.029 .893 1.647 2.540 2.622 R52002 21.904 .061 23.558 R38.224 R83.747 8.145 1.070 1.959 3.029 2.701 R52003 22.321 .051 22.831 R38.811 R84.014 7.959 1.114 2.062 3.176 2.807 R52004 22.466 .138 22.909 40.292 85.805 8.222 1.103 1.969 3.073 3.010 R62005 22.797 .044 22.561 R40.388 R85.790 8.161 1.127 1.998 3.125 R3.116 R62006 22.447 .061 22.224 39.955 84.687 8.215 1.229 2.153 3.382 R3.276 R62007 22.749 .025 23.702 R39.774 R86.251 8.455 1.125 1.924 3.048 R3.502 R62008 22.385 .041 R23.834 R37.280 R83.540 8.427 1.238 2.099 3.338 3.852 R72009 R19.692 -.024 R23.344 R35.403 R78.416 R8.356 1.382 2.306 3.688 R3.899 R72010P 20.817 -.006 24.644 35.970 81.425 8.441 1.414 2.340 3.754 4.295 8

1 Most data are estimates. See Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of

Section 10.

2 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind. See Note 1,

"Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of section. 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"at end of Section 6.

5 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Does

not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." Forpetroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,

"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at en

6 See Note 1, "Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of 7 See Table 10.1 for a breakdown of individual sources.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.0005 and greater Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 

consumption for 1635-1945. • See Note 3, "Electricity Impo• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent ro

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.8, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, A
Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2010

Energy Net Imports Imports and Exports, 2010Energy Imports Energy Exports10 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

P

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu

Imports 

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Pet

Total

Petroleum

25.3

Petroleum

Other 4.5

O

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

-5

05

101520253035

-5

Quadrillion Btu

Note: Negative net imports are net exports. Source: Table 1.4.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Imports Exports

Coal

Coal

Coke

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Biofuels 4 Elec- tricity Total Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas

Petroleum

Bio

fuel

Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total

1949 0.008 0.007 0.000 0.915 0.513 1.427 NA 0.006 1.448 0.877 0.014 0.021 0.192 0.488 0.680 N1950 .009 .011 .000 1.056 .830 1.886 NA .007 1.913 .786 .010 .027 .202 .440 .642 N1955 .008 .003 .011 1.691 1.061 2.752 NA .016 2.790 1.465 .013 .032 .067 .707 .774 N1960 .007 .003 .161 2.196 1.802 3.999 NA .018 4.188 1.023 .009 .012 .018 .413 .431 N1965 .005 .002 .471 2.654 2.748 5.402 NA .012 5.892 1.376 .021 .027 .006 .386 .392 N1970 .001 .004 .846 2.814 4.656 7.470 NA .021 8.342 1.936 .061 .072 .029 .520 .549 N1975 .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032 1.761 .032 .074 .012 .427 .439 N1976 .030 .033 .988 11.239 4.434 15.672 NA .037 16.760 1.597 .033 .066 .017 .452 .469 N1977 .041 .045 1.037 14.027 4.728 18.756 NA .069 19.948 1.442 .031 .056 .106 .408 .514 N1978 .074 .142 .995 13.460 4.364 17.824 NA .072 19.106 1.078 .017 .053 .335 .432 .767 N1979 .051 .099 1.300 13.825 4.108 17.933 NA .077 19.460 1.753 .036 .056 .497 .505 1.002 N1980 .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796 2.421 .051 .049 .609 .551 1.160 N1981 .026 .013 .917 9.336 3.303 12.639 NA .124 13.719 2.944 .029 .060 .482 .781 1.264 N1982 .019 .003 .950 7.418 3.360 10.777 NA .112 11.861 2.787 .025 .052 .500 1.231 1.732 N1983 .032 .001 .940 7.079 3.568 10.647 NA .132 11.752 2.045 .016 .055 .348 1.217 1.565 N1984 .032 .014 .847 7.302 4.131 11.433 NA .144 12.471 2.151 .026 .055 .384 1.161 1.545 N1985 .049 .014 .952 6.814 3.796 10.609 NA .157 11.781 2.438 .028 .056 .432 1.225 1.657 N1986 .055 .008 .748 9.002 4.199 13.201 NA .139 14.151 2.248 .025 .062 .326 1.344 1.670 N1987 .044 .023 .992 10.067 4.095 14.162 NA .178 15.398 2.093 .014 .055 .319 1.311 1.630 N1988 .053 .067 1.296 11.027 4.720 15.747 NA .133 17.296 2.499 .027 .075 .329 1.412 1.741 N1989 .071 .057 1.387 12.596 4.565 17.162 NA .089 18.766 2.637 .027 .109 .300 1.536 1.836 N1990 .067 .019 1.551 12.766 4.351 17.117 NA .063 18.817 2.772 .014 .087 .230 1.594 1.824 N1991 .085 .029 1.798 12.553 3.794 16.348 NA .075 18.335 2.854 .020 .132 .246 1.882 2.128 N1992 .095 .052 2.161 13.253 3.714 16.968 NA .096 19.372 2.682 .017 .220 .188 1.819 2.008 N1993 .205 .053 2.397 14.749 3.760 18.510 .001 .107 21.273 1.962 .026 .142 .208 1.907 2.115 N1994 .222 .083 2.682 15.340 3.904 19.243 .001 .160 22.390 1.879 .024 .164 .209 1.779 1.988 N1995 .237 .095 2.901 15.669 3.211 18.881 .001 .146 22.260 2.318 .034 .156 .200 1.791 1.991 N1996 .203 .063 3.002 16.341 3.943 20.284 .001 .148 23.702 2.368 .040 .155 .233 1.825 2.059 N1997 .187 .078 3.063 17.876 3.864 21.740 (s) .147 25.215 2.193 .031 .159 .228 1.872 2.100 N1998 .218 .095 3.225 18.916 3.992 22.908 (s) .135 26.581 2.092 .028 .161 .233 1.740 1.972 N1999 .227 .080 3.664 18.935 4.198 23.133 (s) .147 27.252 1.525 .022 .164 .250 1.705 1.955 N2000 .313 .094 3.869 19.783 4.749 24.531 (s) .166 28.973 1.528 .028 .245 .106 2.048 2.154 N2001 .495 .063 4.068 20.348 R5.051 25.398 .002 .131 30.157 1.265 .033 .377 .043 1.996 R2.039 (2002 .422 .080 4.104 19.920 R4.754 R24.674 .002 .125 R29.408 1.032 .020 .520 .019 2.023 2.042 (2003 .626 .068 4.042 21.060 R5.159 R26.219 .002 .104 31.061 1.117 .018 .686 .026 2.124 R2.151 .02004 .682 .170 4.365 22.082 6.114 R28.197 .013 .117 R33.544 1.253 .033 .862 .057 R2.151 R2.208 .02005 .762 .088 4.450 22.091 R7.157 R29.248 R.012 R.150 R34.709 1.273 .043 .735 .067 R2.374 R2.442 .02006 .906 .101 4.291 22.085 R7.084 R29.169 R.066 .146 R34.679 1.264 .040 .730 .052 R2.699 R2.751 .02007 .909 .061 4.723 21.914 R6.868 R28.781 R.054 .175 R34.703 1.507 .036 .830 .058 R2.949 R3.007 .02008 .855 .089 4.084 21.448 R6.237 R27.685 R.084 .195 R32.992 2.071 .049 R.972 .061 R3.739 R3.800 .02009 .566 .009 R3.845 R19.699 R5.383 R25.082 .026 R.178 R29.706 1.515 .032 R1.082 .093 R4.147 R4.240 .02010P .484 .030 3.830 20.030 5.260 25.290 .004 .154 29.792 2.101 .036 1.147 .088 4.721 4.809 .0

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,

which began in 1977.

3 Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not

include biofuels. 4 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel. 5 Biodiesel only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.00Notes: • Includes trade between the United States (50 States 

territories and possessions. • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of compon

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2, A3
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators Estimates

Energy Consumption, 1949-2010 Energy Expenditures, 1970-2009 Energy Consumption p

Gross Domestic Produ

Energy Consumption per Person, Energy Expenditures per Person, Energy Expenditures a1949-2010 1970-2009 Gross Domestic Produ12 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,500

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 

05

101520

Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators,

 See Appendix D1.

Source: Table 1.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000

Nominal Dollars1 

1970 1980 

05

1015

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Yea

Year

Energy

Consumption

Energy

Consumption

per Person

Energy

Expenditures 1

Energy

Expenditures 1

per Person

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Expenditures 1

as Share of GDP

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Consumption per

Real Dollar of GDP

Gre

Em

Real 

Quadrillion

Btu

Million

Btu

Million 

Nominal

Dollars 4

Nominal

Dollars 4

Billion

Nominal

Dollars 4 Percent

Billion

Chained

(2005) Dollars 5

Thousand Btu

per Chained

(2005) Dollar 5

Metr

Diox

per M

(20

1949 31.982 214 NA NA 267.2 NA 1,844.7 17.34 1950 34.616 227 NA NA 293.7 NA 2,006.0 17.26 1955 40.208 242 NA NA 414.7 NA 2,500.3 16.08 1960 R45.086 250 NA NA 526.4 NA 2,830.9 15.93 1965 R54.015 278 NA NA 719.1 NA 3,610.1 14.96 1970 R67.838 331 R82,860 404 1,038.3 8.0 4,269.9 15.89 1975 R71.965 333 R171,773 R795 1,637.7 10.5 4,879.5 R14.75 1976 R75.975 R348 R193,821 889 1,824.6 10.6 5,141.3 14.78 1977 R77.961 354 R220,372 1,001 2,030.1 10.9 5,377.7 14.50 1978 R79.950 359 R239,152 R1,074 2,293.8 10.4 5,677.6 R14.08 1979 R80.859 359 R297,459 1,322 2,562.2 11.6 5,855.0 R13.81 1980 R78.067 344 R374,244 1,647 2,788.1 13.4 5,839.0 R13.37 1981 R76.106 332 R427,775 R1,864 3,126.8 13.7 5,987.2 R12.71 1982 R73.099 316 R426,328 R1,840 3,253.2 13.1 5,870.9 R12.45 1983 R72.971 312 R417,291 1,785 3,534.6 11.8 6,136.2 R11.89 1984 R76.632 325 R435,034 1,845 3,930.9 11.1 6,577.1 R11.65 1985 R76.392 321 R438,176 1,842 4,217.5 10.4 6,849.3 R11.15 1986 R76.647 R319 R383,386 1,597 4,460.1 8.6 7,086.5 R10.82 1987 R79.054 R326 R396,454 R1,636 4,736.4 8.4 7,313.3 R10.81 1988 R82.709 R338 R410,380 R1,678 5,100.4 8.0 7,613.9 R10.86 1989 R84.786 344 R437,521 1,773 5,482.1 8.0 7,885.9 R10.75 1990 R84.485 R338 R472,444 1,893 5,800.5 8.1 8,033.9 R10.52 1991 R84.438 334 R470,435 1,860 5,992.1 7.9 8,015.1 R10.53 1992 R85.783 R334 R475,438 R1,853 6,342.3 7.5 8,287.1 R10.35 1993 R87.424 R336 R490,999 R1,889 6,667.4 7.4 8,523.4 R10.26 1994 R89.091 339 R504,073 1,916 7,085.2 7.1 8,870.7 R10.04 1995 R91.029 342 R513,947 1,930 7,414.7 6.9 9,093.7 R10.01 1996 R94.022 R349 R559,890 R2,078 7,838.5 7.1 9,433.9 R9.97 1997 R94.602 R347 R566,714 2,079 8,332.4 6.8 9,854.3 R9.60 1998 R95.018 R344 R525,515 R1,905 8,793.5 6.0 10,283.5 R9.24 1999 R96.652 R346 R556,392 1,994 9,353.5 5.9 10,779.8 R8.97 2000 R98.815 R350 R685,922 R2,431 9,951.5 6.9 11,226.0 R8.80 2001 R96.168 R337 R694,484 2,436 10,286.2 6.8 11,347.2 R8.48 2002 R97.693 340 R662,246 R2,301 10,642.3 6.2 11,553.0 R8.46 2003 R97.978 338 R754,708 R2,600 11,142.1 6.8 11,840.7 R8.27 2004 R100.148 342 R870,956 R2,973 11,867.8 7.3 12,263.8 R8.17 2005 R100.277 R339 R1,046,843 R3,541 12,638.4 8.3 12,638.4 R7.93 2006 R99.624 334 R1,159,485 R3,885 13,398.9 R8.7 12,976.2 R7.68 2007 R101.363 R336 R1,234,240 R4,095 R14,061.8 8.8 R13,228.9 7.66 2008 R99.268 R326 R1,408,685 R4,631 R14,369.1 R9.8 R13,228.8 R7.50 2009 R94.475 308 R1,061,252 R3,461 R14,119.0 R7.5 R12,880.6 R7.33 2010P 98.003 317 NA NA 14,660.4 NA 13,248.2 7.40 

1 Expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 11.1. 3 Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 11.2 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.g

Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Expe

Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. GreenhousDioxide Emissions: Table 11.2. Other Columns: Calculated by 
Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Pers

ConsumptionConsumption per Person14 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

TX

CA

FL

NY IL PA OH LA

GA MI IN NC NJ VA TN WA AL KY MO MN WI SC OK AZ CO MD MA IA MS KS OR AR CT NE UT WV NV NM AK WY ID M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

WY

AK

LA

ND

IA TX SD KY NE MT IN AL OK WV MS KS AR SC MN TN NM ID ME OH WI US WA DC MO VA GA IL PA CO DE OR NJ NC UT MI NV VT M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

1.2

Billion Btu

Source: Table 1.6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2009

Rank

Consumption Consumption per Person Expenditures 1 Expenditures 1 per Person 

Trillion Btu Million Btu Million Dollars 2 Dollars 2 

 1 Texas 11,297.4 Wyoming 955.8 Texas 115,217 Alaska 7,684 Haw 2 California 8,005.5 Alaska 907.5 California 104,712 Wyoming 7,155 Dist 3 Florida 4,295.2 Louisiana 749.8 New York 56,400 North Dakota 5,537 Con 4 New York 3,818.5 North Dakota 660.8 Florida 54,553 Louisiana 5,390 Mas 5 Illinois 3,815.1 Iowa 471.5 Pennsylvania 43,319 Texas 4,651 New  6 Pennsylvania 3,654.1 Texas 456.1 Ohio 40,900 Montana 4,358 Ver 7 Ohio 3,633.7 South Dakota 443.8 Illinois 40,473 Iowa 4,355 Flor 8 Louisiana 3,366.3 Kentucky 435.2 New Jersey 33,333 Maine 4,300 Rho 9 Georgia 2,949.3 Nebraska 422.9 Georgia 32,196 South Dakota 4,136 Mar 10 Michigan 2,696.6 Montana 422.4 Michigan 31,289 Delaware 4,065 Del 11 Indiana 2,622.6 Indiana 408.7 North Carolina 29,011 Kentucky 4,053 New  12 North Carolina 2,545.4 Alabama 405.1 Virginia 26,739 Alabama 4,040 Nev 13 New Jersey 2,393.6 Oklahoma 404.4 Indiana 24,598 Vermont 4,026 Ariz 14 Virginia 2,385.8 West Virginia 392.9 Louisiana 24,197 District of Columbia 3,940 New  15 Tennessee 2,136.0 Mississippi 386.0 Tennessee 22,892 Oklahoma 3,930 Cal 16 Washington 2,032.9 Kansas 384.9 Massachusetts 22,617 Nebraska 3,887 Nor 17 Alabama 1,906.8 Arkansas 365.3 Washington 21,019 Mississippi 3,878 Alas 18 Kentucky 1,876.6 South Carolina 347.1 Maryland 20,200 Kansas 3,873 Pen 19 Missouri 1,817.8 Minnesota 343.8 Missouri 19,933 West Virginia 3,849 Mai 20 Minnesota 1,809.5 Tennessee 339.5 Wisconsin 19,373 New Jersey 3,834 Virg 21 Wisconsin 1,744.6 New Mexico 333.8 Alabama 19,020 Indiana 3,833 Ore 22 South Carolina 1,581.0 Idaho 329.5 Minnesota 18,287 Connecticut 3,798 New  23 Oklahoma 1,490.6 Maine 327.1 Arizona 17,539 New Hampshire 3,706 Ohi 24 Arizona 1,454.3 Ohio 315.1 Kentucky 17,477 Arkansas 3,655 Ten 25 Colorado 1,452.2 Wisconsin 308.7 South Carolina 16,554 Tennessee 3,639 Mic 26 Maryland 1,429.3 Washington 304.7 Colorado 14,539 South Carolina 3,635 Sou 27 Massachusetts 1,426.0 District of Columbia 304.0 Oklahoma 14,486 Hawaii 3,611 Was 28 Iowa 1,418.5 Missouri 303.9 Connecticut 13,349 Maryland 3,551 Mis 29 Mississippi 1,138.7 Virginia 303.4 Iowa 13,102 Ohio 3,547 Wis 30 Kansas 1,084.3 Georgia 300.5 Oregon 11,994 Minnesota 3,475 Mis 31 Oregon 1,066.5 Illinois 295.9 Mississippi 11,441 Pennsylvania 3,437 Geo 32 Arkansas 1,054.8 Pennsylvania 290.0 Kansas 10,911 Massachusetts 3,431 Alab 33 Connecticut 788.4 Colorado 289.6 Arkansas 10,554 Wisconsin 3,428 Mon 34 Nebraska 759.1 Delaware 288.1 Nevada 8,866 Virginia 3,401 Wes 35 Utah 754.5 Oregon 279.0 Utah 7,357 Nevada 3,360 Kan 36 West Virginia 715.6 New Jersey 275.3 West Virginia 7,010 Missouri 3,332 Okl 37 Nevada 707.6 North Carolina 272.0 Nebraska 6,977 Georgia 3,281 Ark 38 New Mexico 670.1 Utah 271.3 New Mexico 6,454 Rhode Island 3,242 Illin 39 Alaska 630.4 Michigan 270.9 Maine 5,658 New Mexico 3,215 Tex 40 Wyoming 520.3 Nevada 268.2 Alaska 5,338 Idaho 3,172 Col 41 Idaho 509.0 Vermont 254.5 New Hampshire 4,900 Washington 3,151 Min 42 Maine 430.5 Maryland 251.3 Idaho 4,899 Michigan 3,143 Sou 43 North Dakota 426.8 Florida 232.0 Hawaii 4,652 Illinois 3,139 Idah 44 Montana 411.5 New Hampshire 229.2 Montana 4,245 Oregon 3,137 Ken 45 South Dakota 359.9 Connecticut 224.3 Wyoming 3,895 North Carolina 3,100 Uta 46 New Hampshire 303.0 Arizona 220.8 Delaware 3,594 Florida 2,947 Neb 47 Hawaii 269.8 California 217.0 North Dakota 3,576 Colorado 2,899 Iow 48 Delaware 254.7 Massachusetts 216.3 Rhode Island 3,429 New York 2,889 Indi 49 Rhode Island 219.3 Hawaii 209.5 South Dakota 3,354 California 2,839 Wyo 50 District of Columbia 182.4 Rhode Island 207.4 Vermont 2,502 Arizona 2,662 Nor 51 Vermont 158.1 New York 195.6 District of Columbia 2,364 Utah 2,646 Lou

 United States 3,494,446.9 United States 308.0 United States 51,061,252 United States 3,461 Uni

1 Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 Includes -23.8 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States. 4 The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:

1) does not include biodiesel; and 2) is the sum of State values, which use State average heat contents toconvert physical units of coal and natural gas to Btu. 5 Includes -$42 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/sedSources: Consumption: U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Consumption" (June 2011), Tables C10 and C11. Expenditures an2009: Prices and Expenditures" (June 2011), Table E15. "State Enedata by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates price and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 through 2009.
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010

16 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

162

(1963)

October November December January February M

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Heating Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2009- 2010 Heating Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.7.

4

(20

577

(1954)

687

(2006)

683

(1956)

396

(2001)

367

(1976)

668

(1976)

1,188

(1977)

1,070

(1989)

958

(1978)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year January February March April May June July August September October Nove

 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209  1950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196  1955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237  1960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254  1965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271  1970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253  1975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235  1976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367  1977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295  1978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283  1979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271  1980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316  1981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327  1982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264  1983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251  1984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223  1985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243  1986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258  1987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345  1988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352  1989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259  1990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246  1991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242  1992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301  1993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302  1994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268  1995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233  1996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276  1997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273  1998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245  1999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275  2000 886 643 494 341 115 29 12 12 69 244  2001 935 725 669 302 115 29 8 6 69 260  2002 776 669 622 281 184 23 3 8 37 298  2003 944 801 572 344 165 41 4 5 62 260  2004 968 766 495 303 107 37 7 20 47 251  2005 859 676 648 305 186 25 3 6 39 236  2006 687 731 600 264 137 23 2 9 82 304  2007 841 853 502 372 111 24 5 7 44 175  2008 892 741 617 319 183 26 5 13 52 281  2009 969 705 583 330 132 40 14 12 60 330  2010P 940 820 552 263 132 27 5 7 50 234 

Normal1 917 732 593 345 159 39 9 15 77 282 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heatingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the

2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are ag

national average.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic a

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historica
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010

18 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

April May June July August Septemb

0

100200300400

Cooling Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2010 Cooling Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

118

(1967)

268

(1950)

147

(1991)

228

(1992)

64

(1976)

161

(1955)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.8.

2

(1(2

13

(1983)

53

(2002)(2006)

388

(2006)

285

(2010)

366

(2007)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year January February March April May June July August September October Nove

 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70  1950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78  1955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50  1960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59  1965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48  1970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48  1975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55  1976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27  1977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44  1978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52  1979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53  1980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42  1981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43  1982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47  1983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58  1984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70  1985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68  1986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52  1987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40  1988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45  1989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49  1990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57  1991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62  1992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49  1993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47  1994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50  1995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61  1996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45  1997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48  1998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62  1999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55  2000 10 10 25 28 131 221 284 302 156 50  2001 3 12 11 37 114 220 302 333 138 46  2002 8 6 17 53 92 243 370 332 202 57  2003 5 7 24 30 110 187 336 345 156 65  2004 6 6 28 29 138 208 299 252 177 67  2005 10 7 12 24 82 250 367 351 215 55  2006 13 5 18 53 109 236 388 337 138 46  2007 10 5 29 23 119 236 310 366 191 82  2008 7 11 17 31 91 264 334 283 171 48  2009 7 7 17 29 117 222 284 307 169 47  2010P 3 2 7 34 126 285 380 356 195 55 

Normal1 8 8 18 33 104 216 323 292 160 56 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 coolingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the

2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are ag

national average.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic a

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historica
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2010Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 201020 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.9.

Atlantic

30-Year Normal2: 4,524

Low: 3,951 

High: 4,958 (1978)

England Atlantic Central Central Central Central

5,942

5,455

6,207

6,584

3,219

3,994

2,521

6,612

5,910

6,498 6,750

2,853

3,603

2,286

5,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South M

0

2,0004,0006,0008,000

Degree-Days
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483  1950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930  1955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517  1960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328  1965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318  1970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436  1975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693  1976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303  1977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060  1978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370  1979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564  1980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052  1981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671  1982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544  1983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359  1984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592  1985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676  1986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870  1987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153  1988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148  1989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173  1990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146  1991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259  1992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054  1993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514  1994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002  1995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953  1996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011  1997 6,661 5,809 6,617 6,761 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,188  1998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059  1999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768  2000 6,489 5,774 6,284 6,456 2,959 3,548 2,194 4,881  2001 6,055 5,323 5,824 6,184 2,641 3,312 2,187 4,895  2002 6,099 5,372 6,122 6,465 2,671 3,420 2,307 5,018  2003 6,851 6,090 6,528 6,539 2,891 3,503 2,230 4,605  2004 6,612 5,749 6,199 6,290 2,748 3,289 2,088 4,844  2005 6,551 5,804 6,241 6,202 2,844 3,402 2,051 4,759  2006 5,809 5,050 5,712 5,799 2,535 3,239 1,863 4,778  2007 6,501 5,623 6,096 6,374 2,584 3,213 2,156 4,830  2008 6,395 5,643 6,696 7,112 2,782 3,641 2,178 5,114  2009 6,646 5,799 6,540 6,837 2,879 3,588 2,212 5,016  2010P 5,942 5,455 6,207 6,584 3,219 3,994 2,521 4,954 

Normal2 6,612 5,910 6,498 6,750 2,853 3,603 2,286 5,209 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are

deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. 

Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 populatio

are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. divisions.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic a

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historica
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2010Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 201022 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.10.

30-Year Normal2: 1,242

Low: 1,029 (1976)

657

997 975 1,123

2,267

2,004

2,750

441

665 731

949

1,982

1,564

2,477

1,3

New Middle East North West North South East South West South 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Normal2 2010

England Atlantic Central Central Central Atlantic Central
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198  1950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120  1955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124  1960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308  1965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961  1970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163  1975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031  1976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058  1977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256  1978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174  1979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164  1980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202  1981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331  1982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121  1983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174  1984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190  1985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210  1986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188  1987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196  1988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320  1989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330  1990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294  1991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182  1992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206  1993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113  1994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436  1995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234  1996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381  1997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335  1998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271  1999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242  2000 317 542 658 1,023 1,929 1,736 2,787 1,488  2001 519 722 744 1,028 1,891 1,535 2,565 1,498  2002 570 863 933 1,087 2,209 1,808 2,545 1,543  2003 522 685 645 946 2,007 1,494 2,522 1,639  2004 402 670 604 752 2,037 1,549 2,485 1,376  2005 642 990 960 1,094 2,081 1,696 2,636 1,457  2006 528 778 752 1,079 2,037 1,670 2,776 1,586  2007 484 788 900 1,135 2,212 1,927 2,488 1,663  2008 497 745 698 847 1,987 1,560 2,494 1,504  2009 362 587 547 720 2,025 1,497 2,570 1,504  2010P 657 997 975 1,123 2,267 2,004 2,750 1,450 

Normal2 441 665 731 949 1,982 1,564 2,477 1,308 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are

deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. 

Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. T

aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. divisions.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic a

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historica
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Years U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense 1975-2010 1975-2010Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 201024 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 General Services Administration.2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.4 See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. 

Source: Table 1.11.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu

Total

Non-Defense 

Non-Defens

Defense

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu

Defense

42.2

32.1

30.2

18.8

15.8

10.3 10.1

8.3 6.8 

Postal Energy Veterans GSA1 Justice HHS2 NASA3 Interior Agriculture 

0

1020304050

Trillion Btu

Service Affairs
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vete

Aff

1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 1976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 1977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 1978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 1979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 1980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 1981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 1982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 1983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 1984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 1985 8.4 1,250.6 52.2 20.7 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 1986 6.8 1,222.8 46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 1987 7.3 1,280.5 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 1988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 1989 8.7 1,274.4 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 1990 9.6 1,241.7 43.5 17.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 1991 9.6 1,269.3 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 1992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 1993 9.3 1,048.8 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 1994 9.4 977.0 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 1995 9.0 926.0 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 1996 9.1 904.5 44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 1997 7.4 880.0 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 1998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 1999 7.8 810.7 27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 2000 7.4 779.1 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 2001 7.4 787.2 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 10.9 43.4 17.8 2002 7.2 837.5 30.7 17.5 8.0 8.2 17.7 10.7 41.6 18.3 2003 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 2004 7.0 960.7 31.4 18.3 8.8 8.7 17.5 9.9 50.5 5.2 2005 7.5 933.2 29.6 18.4 9.6 8.6 18.8 10.3 53.5 5.0 2006 6.8 843.7 32.9 18.2 9.3 8.1 23.5 10.2 51.8 4.6 2007 6.8 864.6 31.5 19.1 9.9 7.5 20.7 10.6 45.8 5.6 2008 R6.5 R893.0 R31.5 R18.8 R10.5 R7.9 R18.9 10.2 R47.0 R6.4 R2009 6.6 R879.8 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 2010P 6.8 889.6 32.1 18.8 10.3 8.3 15.8 10.1 42.2 5.7 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee

Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Small Business Administration, Office of Personnel Management, CentralIntelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, U.S.Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service,Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National LaborRelations Board, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office ofSpecial Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal yea

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through 2010 is October 2009 through September 2010). • Data in this conversion factors (which in most cases are different from thosBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolinemillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied pemotor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kiBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installaaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department ofor electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regul

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Effi

Energy Management Program. 
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010

Total U.S. Government Energy ConsumptionBy Major Energy Source By Selected Petroleum Product26 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.2 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

Note: U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975

and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.Source: Table 1.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

1.57

1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.51.8

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity

Coal Natural Gas

Petroleum

Moto

Fuel Oil1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1

Petroleum

Electricity

Aviation

Gasoline Fuel Oil 2 Jet Fuel

LPG 3

and Other 4

Motor

Gasoline 5 Total

1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 5.6 63.2 1,174.2 141.5 1976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 4.7 60.4 1,016.4 139.3 1977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 4.1 61.4 1,042.1 141.1 1978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 3.0 60.1 1,002.9 141.0 1979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 3.7 59.1 1,013.1 141.2 1980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 4.0 56.5 1,011.8 141.9 1981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 3.7 53.2 1,066.2 144.5 1982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 3.9 53.1 1,082.8 147.5 1983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 4.0 51.6 1,061.1 151.5 1984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 4.1 51.2 1,093.8 155.9 1985 64.8 149.9 1.9 292.6 705.7 4.0 50.4 1,054.6 167.2 1986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 3.9 45.3 1,032.4 155.8 1987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 4.0 43.1 1,069.9 169.9 1988 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 3.2 41.2 952.4 171.2 1989 48.7 152.4 .8 245.3 761.7 5.7 41.1 1,054.5 188.6 1990 44.3 159.4 .5 245.2 732.4 6.4 37.2 1,021.7 193.6 1991 45.9 154.1 .4 232.6 774.5 9.0 34.1 1,050.7 192.7 1992 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 11.4 35.6 876.8 192.5 1993 38.3 152.9 .7 187.0 612.4 9.3 34.5 843.9 193.1 1994 35.0 143.9 .6 198.5 550.7 10.9 29.5 790.2 190.9 1995 31.7 149.7 .3 178.5 522.3 11.4 31.9 744.4 185.3 1996 23.3 147.4 .2 170.6 513.0 21.7 27.6 733.2 184.5 1997 22.5 154.0 .3 180.1 475.7 17.2 39.0 712.2 184.0 1998 23.9 140.7 .2 174.6 445.5 9.4 43.1 672.8 181.8 1999 21.2 137.6 .1 162.2 444.7 2.9 41.1 650.9 180.4 2000 22.7 134.0 .2 171.4 403.1 4.3 43.9 622.9 194.0 2001 18.8 133.9 .2 177.0 415.2 7.9 42.5 642.9 188.8 2002 16.9 134.1 .2 165.7 472.9 6.0 41.3 686.1 189.1 2003 17.7 139.7 .3 189.8 517.9 6.6 45.7 760.3 196.1 2004 17.4 134.8 .2 259.8 508.2 6.0 43.5 817.8 195.4 2005 17.1 135.1 .4 239.8 492.2 9.0 48.2 789.6 195.9 2006 23.5 132.0 .6 207.8 442.6 4.7 47.8 703.5 194.9 2007 20.4 130.8 .4 211.4 461.1 5.6 46.0 724.5 193.2 2008 R20.8 R128.9 R.4 R181.4 R524.3 R4.6 R48.1 R758.8 R193.6 2009 20.3 131.1 .3 169.0 505.6 13.6 48.7 737.2 189.3 2010P 20.1 129.0 .4 156.8 535.8 4.8 50.3 748.1 192.2 

1 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year2010 is October 2009 through September 2010). • Data in this table are developed using the followingconversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 million

Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline

million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petrolegasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installaaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department ofor electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regul

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency 

Management Program. 
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 200

By AgencyBy Source28 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 8.2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.3 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.4 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

6Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other ty

equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanbiodiesel.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from OctobeSource: Table 1.13.

689

102

73

26

59

90

680

101 74

25

58

88

697

101 77

28

63

95

63

Petroleum1 Electricity Natural Gas2 Coal, Purchased Petroleum1 Electricity Na

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

2003 2009 2010

Department of Defense All Other Agen

Steam, and Other3 

Stea

Gasoline5 Petroleum6

536

157

50 5

748

192

129

506

169

49 14

737

189

131

518

190

46 7

760

196

140

40

Jet Fuel Fuel Oil Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas2 Coa

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

2003 2009 2010

Petroleum1

4
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 

 (Trillion Btu)

Resource

and Fiscal Years Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Veterans Affairs 

Coal

 2003 ..................................... (s) 15.4 2.0 0.0 (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2  2009 ..................................... 0.0 16.2 3.9 .0 .0 (s) .0 .0 .0 .0 .2  2010 P .................................. (s) 15.5 4.5 .0 .0 0.0 .0 .0 (s) .0 .1 

Natural Gas 5

 2003 ..................................... 1.4 76.6 7.0 7.6 3.7 1.3 8.6 2.9 10.4 .7 15.6  2009 ..................................... 1.2 74.2 6.3 6.9 6.3 1.2 7.6 2.8 5.1 .6 15.1  2010 P .................................. 1.4 72.9 7.1 7.0 5.9 1.1 6.8 2.6 4.5 .3 14.9 

Petroleum

 2003 ..................................... 3.3 697.1 3.0 .2 1.5 4.4 6.5 1.4 18.2 1.6 2.8  2009 ..................................... 3.2 679.7 2.6 .2 .9 4.1 3.4 1.0 19.6 1.1 2.1  2010 P .................................. 3.2 688.8 2.8 .2 .8 3.8 3.4 1.2 19.4 1.5 2.1 

 Aviation Gasoline

 2003 ..................................... (s) (s) (s) .0 .0 (s) .1 (s) .0 (s) .0  2009 ..................................... (s) .1 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) .0 (s) .0  2010 P .................................. (s) .2 .0 .0 .0 (s) .1 (s) .0 (s) .0 

 Fuel Oil 6

 2003 ..................................... .4 166.5 2.0 .1 .9 1.2 .4 .4 5.1 .3 1.9  2009 ..................................... .6 148.8 1.7 .1 .6 1.3 .3 .3 4.9 .2 1.1  2010 P .................................. .6 138.2 1.6 .1 .6 1.3 .3 .3 4.6 .2 1.1 

 Jet Fuel

 2003 ..................................... .0 509.9 (s) .0 .0 .1 1.5 .6 .0 .6 .0  2009 ..................................... .0 500.6 (s) .0 .0 .1 .1 .5 .0 .5 .0  2010 P .................................. .0 529.0 .2 .0 .0 (s) .2 .8 .0 .5 .0 

 LPG 7 and Other 8

 2003 ..................................... .7 4.2 .1 (s) .1 .7 (s) .1 .2 .1 (s)  2009 ..................................... .5 10.7 .3 (s) .1 .8 .1 .1 .3 (s) .1  2010 P .................................. .4 2.7 .4 (s) .1 .4 .1 .1 .3 (s) .1 

 Motor Gasoline 9

 2003 ..................................... 2.2 16.5 .9 .1 .5 2.4 4.5 .2 12.9 .7 .9  2009 ..................................... 2.1 19.4 .6 .1 .2 1.9 2.9 .1 14.4 .4 .9  2010 P .................................. 2.2 18.6 .6 .1 .2 2.1 2.8 .1 14.5 .6 .9 

Electricity

 2003 ..................................... 2.6 101.1 18.0 10.0 3.6 2.4 7.0 5.8 21.7 3.2 10.2  2009 ..................................... 1.8 101.1 16.8 9.8 3.4 2.4 5.0 5.5 19.4 2.5 10.8  2010 P .................................. 1.9 102.3 17.3 9.9 3.4 2.6 5.4 5.3 17.8 3.8 11.0 

Purchased Steam and Other 10

 2003 ..................................... .3 12.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 .1 .7 .8 .7 (s) 1.7  2009 ..................................... .5 R 8.6 1.5 1.8 .2 .2 .6 .9 .1 .2 1.6 

 2010 P .................................. .3 10.1 .5 1.8 .1 .8 .1 .9 .5 .1 2.0 

Total Energy

 2003 ..................................... 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 30.5  2009 ..................................... 6.6 R879.8 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 29.9 

 2010 P .................................. 6.8 889.6 32.1 18.8 10.3 8.3 15.8 10.1 42.2 5.7 30.2 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee

Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (InternationalBroadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service, Court Services and OffenderSupervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National Labor Relations Board, Small BusinessAdministration, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office ofSpecial Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.

5 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases. 8 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

9 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

10 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in fac

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through Septemb2010 is October 2009 through September 2010). • Data in this table are conversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 mimillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; aBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and iaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regulations/facil

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Rene

Management Program. 
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Total, 1949-2010 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2010

By Source, 1949-2010 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2010

30 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Notes: • Data through 2000 are on a calendar-year basis; data for 2001-2010 are on a fiscalyear basis (October–September). • “Federally Administered Lands” include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government, including acquired mili

public lands.

Source: Table 1.14.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

09

18273645

Percent 2010: 17

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

44

20 

Coal Natural Gas Crude 

0

1020304050

Percent

Lease C

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Coal

Natural Gas

Crude Oil

 and

 Lease 

Condensate
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Natural Gas Plant Liquids 1 Natural Gas 2 Coal 

Million

Barrels 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Barrels 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Calendar-Year Data 4

1949 95.2 0.55 5.2 4.4 0.02 2.8 0.15 0.15 2.8 9.5 0.24 2.0 1950 105.9 .61 5.4 4.4 .02 2.4 .14 .15 2.4 7.7 .19 1.4 1955 159.5 .92 6.4 6.0 .03 2.1 .43 .45 4.8 5.9 .15 1.2 1960 277.3 1.61 10.8 11.6 .05 3.4 .95 .98 7.8 5.2 .13 1.2 1965 378.6 2.20 13.3 14.3 .06 3.2 1.56 1.61 10.2 8.2 .20 1.6 1970 605.6 3.51 17.2 40.6 .17 6.7 3.56 3.67 16.9 12.0 .29 2.0 1975 531.5 3.08 17.4 59.7 .24 10.0 4.57 4.67 23.8 43.6 1.00 6.7 1976 525.7 3.05 17.7 57.2 .23 9.7 4.81 4.91 25.2 86.4 1.98 12.6 1977 535.0 3.10 17.8 57.4 .23 9.7 4.94 5.04 25.8 74.8 1.69 10.7 1978 523.6 3.04 16.5 25.9 .10 4.5 5.60 5.71 29.3 79.2 1.76 11.8 1979 519.8 3.01 16.7 11.9 .05 2.1 5.93 6.05 30.1 84.9 1.91 10.9 1980 510.4 2.96 16.2 10.5 .04 1.8 5.85 6.01 30.2 92.9 2.08 11.2 1981 529.3 3.07 16.9 12.3 .05 2.1 6.15 6.31 32.1 138.8 3.10 16.8 1982 552.3 3.20 17.5 15.0 .06 2.7 5.97 6.14 33.5 130.0 2.89 15.5 1983 568.8 3.30 17.9 14.0 .05 2.5 5.17 5.33 32.1 124.3 2.74 15.9 1984 595.8 3.46 18.3 25.4 .10 4.3 5.88 6.07 33.7 136.3 3.00 15.2 1985 628.3 3.64 19.2 26.6 .10 4.5 5.24 5.41 31.8 184.6 4.04 20.9 1986 608.4 3.53 19.2 23.3 .09 4.1 4.87 5.01 30.3 189.7 4.16 21.3 1987 577.3 3.35 18.9 23.7 .09 4.1 5.56 5.73 33.4 195.2 4.28 21.2 1988 516.3 2.99 17.3 37.0 .14 6.2 5.45 5.61 31.9 225.4 4.92 23.7 1989 488.9 2.84 17.6 45.1 .17 8.0 5.32 5.49 30.7 236.3 5.14 24.1 1990 515.9 2.99 19.2 50.9 .19 8.9 6.55 6.74 36.8 280.6 6.12 27.2 1991 491.0 2.85 18.1 72.7 .28 12.0 5.99 6.17 33.8 285.1 6.18 28.5 1992 529.1 3.07 20.2 70.7 .27 11.4 6.25 6.43 35.0 266.7 5.78 26.6 1993 529.3 3.07 21.2 64.4 .24 10.2 6.56 6.74 36.3 285.7 6.12 30.0 1994 527.7 3.06 21.7 60.0 .23 9.5 6.78 6.97 36.0 321.4 6.88 30.9 1995 567.4 3.29 23.7 74.0 .28 11.5 6.78 6.96 36.4 376.9 8.04 36.2 1996 596.5 3.46 25.2 71.2 .27 10.6 7.31 7.50 38.8 354.5 7.56 33.0 1997 632.8 3.67 26.9 74.7 .28 11.3 7.43 7.62 39.3 362.6 7.72 33.0 1998 5606.3 53.52 526.6 560.3 5.23 59.4 57.06 57.27 537.1 371.1 7.95 33.0 1999 6628.9 63.65 629.3 666.5 6.25 69.9 67.24 67.44 638.4 414.5 8.73 37.4 2000 689.2 4.00 32.3 88.9 .33 12.7 7.14 7.32 37.2 440.2 9.27 40.7 

Fiscal-Year Data 7

2001 676.5 3.92 32.0 93.0 0.35 14.0 6.98 7.17 35.7 425.4 8.87 38.1 2002 647.8 3.76 30.5 106.5 .40 15.2 6.78 6.96 35.4 507.8 10.51 45.7 2003 8422.6 82.45 820.4 101.0 .38 16.0 6.01 6.17 31.5 446.7 9.18 41.3 2004 356.4 2.07 17.7 110.7 .41 16.8 7.38 7.58 39.4 551.1 11.27 49.7 2005 439.9 2.55 22.7 96.6 .36 14.8 6.70 6.88 36.6 431.0 8.78 37.8 2006 502.1 2.91 27.4 84.1 .31 13.7 4.96 5.10 27.4 466.2 9.47 40.1 2007 584.7 3.39 31.5 94.5 .35 14.7 5.73 5.90 30.1 467.5 9.51 40.4 2008 476.6 2.76 26.1 101.3 .38 15.2 4.96 5.09 R24.7 506.1 10.24 43.3 2009 544.3 3.16 R28.5 87.3 .32 R13.0 6.60 6.77 R32.1 490.6 9.83 R43.7 2010 384.8 2.23 19.3 97.3 .36 13.5 4.24 4.35 20.1 476.4 9.59 44.2 

1 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the natural

gas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, theroyalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included withnatural gas. 2 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants andfractionators. 3 Data from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), arefor sales volumes. 4 Through 2000, data are on a calendar-year (January through December) basis. The only exception isin 1949-1974 with production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, which is on a fiscal-year (July throughJune) basis. 5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," NavalPetroleum Reserve No. 1.

6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 1999; beginning in 1999 Naval Petroleum

Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included.

7 Beginning in 2001, data are on a fiscal-year (October through September) basis; for example,

fiscal-year 2006 data are for October 2005 through September 2006. 8 A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diverted to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

R=Revised. Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government,

including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public lands.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary 

• For related information, see http://www.onrr.gov/.

Sources: Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10): • 1949-1980—U.S

Federal and Indian Lands Oil and Gas Production, Royalty Income, and RelatIndian Lands Coal, Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Mineral ProdRelated Statistics (June 1981); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of NReserves (NPOSR), unpublished data; and USGS, National Petroleum Redata. • 1981-1983—DOI, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Rfrom Federal and Indian Leases, annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, unpublishePetroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. • 1984-1998—DOI, MMS, Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, annual reports; and DOE, NPOSRand 2000—DOI, MMS. Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal annual reports. • 2001 forward—DOI, MMS, "2001-Forward MRM StatistData in columns 2, 5, 8, and 11 are calculated by multiplying the physiccontents for total U.S. production in Tables A2, A4, and A5. Data in column 1columns. Percent of U.S. Total: Percentages are calculated by diviadministered lands by total U.S. production, then multiplying by 100. Calenproduction are from Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1; fiscal-year values for total U.October-September values from the Monthly Energy Review (April 2011), Tab
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates

Total, 1980-2010 As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2By Fuel, 2010 By Petroleum Product, 201032 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Note: See Note2, “Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels” at end of sSource: Table 1.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0369

Percent

Total

Petroleum Products

Coal

1.6

1.1

0.9

0.3

0.1 

LPG1 Petro- Asphalt Lubri- Pentane

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

4.3

0.6

(s)

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

and

Road Oil

cants 

Plus

chemical 

Feedstocks
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates, Selected Years, 1980-2010

Year

Petroleum Products

Natural

Gas Coal T

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Pentanes

Plus Lubricants

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Petroleum

Coke

Special

Naphthas Other 1 Total

Physical Units 2

1980 145 230 3 ( ) 58 253 24 37 58 805 639 2.4 1985 156 265 13 53 144 15 30 41 718 500 1.1 1990 176 340 18 60 199 R20 20 39 R873 R547 .6 1991 162 394 10 53 203 R17 17 44 R900 573 .6 1992 166 397 13 54 214 R29 20 35 R929 603 1.2 1993 174 389 60 55 216 R13 20 R35 R962 618 .9 1994 176 437 56 58 224 R13 15 35 R1,015 673 .9 1995 178 450 66 57 215 R12 13 R33 R1,025 668 .9 1996 177 470 69 55 217 R15 14 R33 R1,050 681 .9 1997 184 473 65 58 250 R6 14 R34 R1,085 706 .9 1998 190 494 44 61 252 R25 20 39 R1,126 762 .8 1999 200 520 57 62 238 R36 28 37 R1,177 752 .8 2000 192 479 51 61 243 R16 19 R38 R1,099 R724 .8 2001 189 445 44 56 214 R29 15 R39 R1,031 R626 .7 2002 187 465 37 55 229 R24 20 38 R1,055 657 .7 2003 184 441 37 51 247 R20 15 R36 R1,031 611 .7 2004 196 453 37 52 287 R36 10 R34 R1,106 R607 .7 2005 199 428 33 51 266 R31 12 R34 R1,054 R629 .7 2006 185 440 23 42 265 R35 13 41 R1,044 R627 .6 2007 180 449 30 52 242 R33 15 40 R1,041 R665 .6 2008 152 421 25 48 210 R37 16 41 R951 R642 .6 2009 130 R455 R21 43 R185 29 9 41 R914 R605 .4 2010P 132 474 23 48 195 12 5 43 932 626 .6 

Quadrillion Btu

1980 0.96 0.78 3 ( ) 0.35 1.43 0.14 0.19 0.34 4.19 0.65 0.08 41985 1.03 .90 .06 .32 .82 .09 .16 .24 3.63 .52 .03 41990 1.17 1.18 .08 .36 1.12 R.12 .11 .23 R4.38 R.56 .02 R41991 1.08 1.37 .04 .32 1.15 R.11 .09 .26 R4.42 .59 .02 R51992 1.10 1.39 .06 .33 1.20 R.17 .10 R.21 R4.57 .62 .04 R51993 1.15 1.35 .28 .34 1.22 R.08 .10 .20 R4.72 .64 .03 R51994 1.17 1.54 .26 .35 1.26 R.08 .08 .20 R4.95 .69 .03 R51995 1.18 1.58 .30 .35 1.21 R.08 .07 .20 R4.96 .69 .03 R51996 1.18 1.64 .32 .34 1.21 R.09 .07 .20 R5.04 .70 .03 R51997 1.22 1.66 .30 .35 1.40 R.04 .07 R.20 R5.24 R.72 .03 R61998 1.26 1.73 .20 .37 1.40 R.15 .11 .23 R5.46 .79 .03 R61999 1.32 1.81 .26 .37 1.33 R.22 .15 R.22 R5.68 .77 .03 R62000 1.28 1.66 .24 .37 1.35 R.10 .10 R.22 R5.30 .74 .03 R62001 1.26 1.55 .20 .34 1.19 R.17 .08 R.23 R5.02 R.64 .02 R52002 1.24 1.61 .17 .33 1.27 R.15 .10 .22 R5.10 .68 .02 R52003 1.22 1.54 .17 .31 1.37 R.12 .08 R.21 R5.02 .63 .02 R52004 1.30 1.57 .17 .31 1.59 R.22 .05 R.20 R5.42 R.62 .02 R62005 1.32 1.49 .15 .31 1.47 R.19 .06 R.20 R5.19 R.65 .02 R52006 1.26 1.52 .11 .25 1.48 R.21 .07 .24 R5.14 R.64 .02 R52007 1.20 1.54 .14 .31 1.35 R.20 .08 .24 R5.06 R.68 .02 R52008 1.01 1.45 .12 .29 1.17 R.23 .08 .24 R4.59 .66 .02 R52009 .87 R1.54 R.10 .26 R1.03 R.18 R.05 .24 R4.28 R.62 .01 R42010P .88 1.61 .11 .29 1.09 .07 .03 .25 4.33 .64 .02 4

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. 2 Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons. 3 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – =Not applicable. Notes: • Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy

consumption (see Table 1.3). • See Note 2, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. • Becauseof changes in methodology, data series may be revised annually. • Estimates of nonfuel use in this tableare considered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which areconsidered transportation use. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1980.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: Petroleum Products: • 1980—U.S. Energy Information Adminis

Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petroleum G• 1981 forward—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and unpubl• 1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, Hydrocarbon, Consumed. • 1981 forward—U.S. Department of Commerce. Coal: • 19based on the methodology underlying the nonfuel emissions calculations in EIA’Gases in the United States 2008. Percent of Total Energy Consumption: Dtotal consumption on Table 1.3.
Energy Overview

Note 1. Noncombustible Renewable Energy. Noncombustible renewable energyis the sum of hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, and wind. In Table 1.3,total primary consumption of noncombustible renewable energy is reported as thesum of “Captured Energy” and the “Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence.” Captured energy represents the energy from noncombustible renewable resources that isactually "captured" for final use. It includes the electricity generated from noncombustible resources (i.e., net generation from Table 8.2a converted to Btu using the energyconversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh) and the direct consumption of noncombustiblerenewable energy. Direct consumption of noncombustible renewable energyincludes: solar thermal direct use energy, residential and commercial self-generatedphotovoltaic energy, geothermal energy from heat pumps, and direct use of geothermal energy.The adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence represents the energy losses that wouldhave occurred if electricity from noncombustible renewable resources had beengenerated using the average fossil-fuel mix in a given year. The fossil-fuel

equivalent value is determined by converting electric

average fossil-fuel heat rate from Table A6. The Equivalence” is then calculated as the difference betvalue of electricity generated and "captured" electriciFor more information, see Appendix F.Note 2. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil States and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat used directly for nonfuel use as construction materistocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt anand paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to crare used in making plastics; lubricants, including movehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemake plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related producmake nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the information, see U.S. Energy Information Adminishouse Gases in the United States” (“Nonfuel Use Chapter 2), at http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

34 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
2. Energy Consumption by Secto

Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in

“Renewable Energy."

2 Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.3 Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.4 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.5 Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.6 Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.

7 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includeimports not shown under “Source.”

 Notes: Primary energy in the form that it is first account

before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms ogenerate electricity). • Sum of components may not equa

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annu

2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2010 Electric Power Sector, 1949-201038 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Note: • See “Primary Energy Consumption” in Glossary. • Sum of components may not

equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

23%

Transportation

28%

31%

Co

19%

Residential

Commercial

Coal

Natural Gas

Renew

Ener

22.2

18.2

30.1

27.5

39.6

6.8

4.2

20.0

27.4

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

Power 1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010

Residential, By Major Source Commercial, By Major SourceIndustrial, By Major Source Transportation, By Major Source

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity. 2 Electricity retail sales. Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu Natural Gas

Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu Natural Gas

Electrical

Losses1

Electrical

Losses1

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy

Coal

Renewable 

Energy

Coal

Petroleum

Electricity2 

Petroleum

Petroleu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530

Electricity2

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

Coal
40 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector 3,4

Ba

I

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation

Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5

1949 R4,460 R5,599 R2,669 R3,669 R12,633 R14,724 7,880 7,990 4,339 1950 R4,829 R5,989 R2,834 R3,893 R13,890 R16,241 R8,383 R8,492 4,679 1955 R5,608 R7,278 R2,561 R3,895 R16,103 R19,485 R9,474 R9,550 6,461 1960 R6,651 R9,039 R2,723 R4,609 R16,996 R20,842 10,560 R10,596 8,158 1965 R7,279 R10,639 R3,177 R5,845 R20,148 R25,098 R12,399 R12,432 R11,012 1970 R8,322 R13,766 R4,237 8,346 R22,964 R29,628 R16,062 16,098 R16,253 1975 R7,990 R14,813 R4,059 R9,492 R21,434 R29,413 R18,210 R18,245 R20,270 1976 R8,391 R15,410 R4,371 R10,063 R22,665 R31,393 R19,067 R19,101 R21,473 1977 R8,194 R15,662 R4,258 R10,208 R23,165 R32,263 R19,786 R19,822 R22,551 1978 R8,260 R16,132 R4,309 R10,512 R23,244 R32,688 R20,583 R20,617 R23,553 1979 R7,919 15,813 R4,366 R10,648 R24,192 R33,925 R20,437 R20,472 R23,943 1980 R7,439 R15,753 R4,105 R10,578 R22,595 R32,039 R19,659 R19,697 R24,269 1981 R7,045 R15,262 R3,837 R10,616 R21,318 R30,712 R19,478 R19,514 R24,425 1982 R7,147 R15,531 R3,864 R10,860 R19,053 R27,614 R19,052 R19,089 R23,979 1983 R6,832 R15,425 R3,840 R10,938 R18,548 R27,428 R19,134 R19,177 R24,614 1984 R7,211 R15,960 R4,001 R11,444 R20,174 R29,570 R19,609 R19,656 R25,635 1985 R7,148 R16,041 R3,732 R11,451 R19,443 R28,816 R20,041 R20,088 R26,032 1986 R6,906 R15,975 R3,693 R11,606 R19,078 R28,274 R20,740 R20,789 R26,227 1987 R6,923 R16,263 R3,774 R11,946 R19,953 R29,379 R21,419 R21,469 R26,988 1988 R7,357 R17,133 R3,994 R12,578 R20,862 R30,677 R22,267 R22,318 R28,227 1989 R7,567 R17,786 R4,043 R13,193 R20,874 R31,320 R22,424 R22,478 4,R29,869 1990 R6,557 R16,945 R3,896 R13,320 R21,180 R31,810 R22,366 R22,420 R30,495 1991 R6,747 R17,420 R3,945 R13,500 R20,824 R31,399 R22,065 R22,118 R30,856 1992 R6,950 R17,356 R3,991 R13,441 R21,756 R32,571 R22,363 R22,415 R30,723 1993 R7,146 R18,218 R3,973 R13,820 R21,753 R32,629 R22,715 R22,768 R31,847 1994 R6,978 R18,112 R4,016 R14,098 R22,393 R33,521 R23,311 R23,366 R32,399 1995 R6,936 R18,519 R4,101 R14,690 R22,719 R33,971 R23,791 23,846 R33,479 1996 R7,466 R19,504 R4,273 R15,172 R23,410 R34,904 R24,383 24,437 R34,485 1997 R7,033 R18,965 R4,295 R15,681 R23,686 R35,200 R24,695 R24,750 R34,886 1998 R6,413 R18,955 R4,005 R15,968 R23,177 R34,843 R25,201 R25,256 R36,225 1999 R6,775 R19,557 R4,053 R16,376 R22,950 R34,764 25,891 R25,949 R36,976 2000 R7,159 R20,425 R4,278 R17,175 R22,824 R34,664 R26,489 26,548 R38,062 2001 R6,868 R20,042 R4,084 R17,137 R21,794 R32,720 R26,213 26,275 R37,215 2002 R6,931 R20,810 R4,144 R17,358 R21,813 R32,676 R26,784 R26,845 R38,016 2003 R7,211 R21,110 R4,283 R17,343 R21,503 R32,532 R26,920 26,994 R38,062 2004 R6,993 R21,093 R4,232 R17,659 R22,398 R33,506 R27,817 27,895 R38,713 2005 R6,909 R21,626 R4,051 R17,856 R21,407 R32,442 R28,272 R28,353 R39,638 2006 R6,178 R20,698 R3,746 R17,710 R21,521 R32,386 R28,751 R28,830 R39,428 2007 R6,633 R21,565 R3,931 R18,264 R21,395 R32,419 R29,031 R29,119 R40,377 2008 R6,817 R21,596 R4,073 R18,381 R20,474 R31,284 R27,925 R28,008 R39,978 2009 R6,619 R21,063 R4,061 R17,899 R18,801 R28,513 R26,916 R26,998 R38,077 2010P 6,841 22,153 4,175 18,205 19,984 30,139 27,425 27,507 39,579 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricityretail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section. 7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energ

total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consof the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversion fac

8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater thaNotes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Us

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumptio

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b-2.1f.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 8

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4 Total Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 6 Biomass 7 Total

1949 1,272 1,027 R1,106 R3,405 NA NA 1,055 1,055 R4,460 228 1950 1,261 1,240 R1,322 R3,824 NA NA 1,006 1,006 R4,829 246 1955 867 2,198 R1,767 R4,833 NA NA 775 775 R5,608 438 1960 585 3,212 R2,227 R6,024 NA NA 627 627 R6,651 687 1965 352 4,028 R2,432 R6,811 NA NA 468 468 R7,279 993 1970 209 4,987 R2,725 R7,922 NA NA 401 401 R8,322 1,591 1975 63 5,023 R2,479 R7,564 NA NA 425 425 R7,990 2,007 1976 59 5,147 R2,703 R7,910 NA NA 482 482 R8,391 2,069 1977 57 4,913 R2,681 R7,652 NA NA 542 542 R8,194 2,202 1978 49 4,981 R2,607 R7,638 NA NA 622 622 R8,260 2,301 1979 37 5,055 R2,099 R7,191 NA NA 728 728 R7,919 2,330 1980 31 4,825 R1,734 R6,589 NA NA 850 850 R7,439 2,448 1981 30 4,614 R1,531 R6,175 NA NA 870 870 R7,045 2,464 1982 32 4,711 R1,434 R6,177 NA NA 970 970 R7,147 2,489 1983 31 4,478 R1,353 R5,862 NA NA 970 970 R6,832 2,562 1984 40 4,661 R1,531 R6,231 NA NA 980 980 R7,211 2,662 1985 39 4,534 R1,565 R6,138 NA NA 1,010 1,010 R7,148 2,709 1986 40 4,405 R1,541 R5,986 NA NA 920 920 R6,906 2,795 1987 37 4,420 R1,617 R6,073 NA NA 850 850 R6,923 2,902 1988 37 4,735 R1,675 R6,447 NA NA 910 910 R7,357 3,046 1989 31 4,899 R1,660 R6,590 5 R52 920 R977 R7,567 3,090 1990 31 4,491 R1,394 R5,916 6 56 580 641 R6,557 3,153 1991 25 4,667 R1,381 R6,073 6 R57 610 R673 R6,747 3,260 1992 26 4,805 R1,414 R6,244 6 R59 640 706 R6,950 3,193 1993 26 5,063 R1,439 R6,528 7 R61 550 618 R7,146 3,394 1994 21 4,960 R1,408 R6,389 6 R63 520 R589 R6,978 3,441 1995 17 4,954 R1,374 R6,345 7 R64 520 591 R6,936 3,557 1996 17 5,354 R1,484 R6,854 7 65 540 612 R7,466 3,694 1997 16 5,093 R1,422 R6,531 8 R64 430 R502 R7,033 3,671 1998 12 4,646 R1,304 R5,962 8 R64 380 452 R6,413 3,856 1999 14 4,835 R1,465 R6,314 9 R63 390 R461 R6,775 3,906 2000 11 5,105 R1,554 R6,670 9 R60 420 R489 R7,159 4,069 2001 12 4,889 R1,529 R6,430 9 R59 370 R438 R6,868 4,100 2002 12 5,014 R1,457 R6,484 10 R57 380 R448 R6,931 4,317 2003 12 5,209 R1,519 R6,741 13 R57 400 R470 R7,211 4,353 2004 11 4,981 R1,520 R6,513 14 R57 410 R481 R6,993 4,408 2005 8 4,946 R1,451 R6,406 16 R58 430 R504 R6,909 4,638 2006 6 4,476 R1,224 R5,706 18 R63 390 R472 R6,178 4,611 2007 8 4,850 R1,254 R6,111 22 R70 430 R522 R6,633 4,750 2008 8 R5,010 R1,243 R6,261 26 R80 450 R556 R6,817 4,708 2009 R8 R4,883 R1,176 R6,067 33 R89 430 R552 R6,619 R4,656 2010P 7 5,061 1,220 6,288 37 97 420 554 6,841 4,950 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 6 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu

using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PVenergy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.

7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilitie

energy service providers. 9 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical Sysection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounWeb Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumptio

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
42 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 11

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4,5 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 WInd 9 Biomass 10 Total

1949 1,554 360 R735 R2,649 NA NA NA NA 20 20 R2,669 200 1950 1,542 401 R872 R2,815 NA NA NA NA 19 19 R2,834 225 1955 801 651 R1,095 R2,547 NA NA NA NA 15 15 R2,561 350 1960 407 1,056 R1,248 R2,711 NA NA NA NA 12 12 R2,723 543 1965 265 1,490 R1,413 R3,168 NA NA NA NA 9 9 R3,177 789 1970 165 2,473 R1,592 R4,229 NA NA NA NA 8 8 R4,237 1,201 1975 147 2,558 R1,346 R4,051 NA NA NA NA 8 8 R4,059 1,598 1976 144 2,718 R1,500 R4,362 NA NA NA NA 9 9 R4,371 1,678 1977 148 2,548 R1,552 R4,248 NA NA NA NA 10 10 R4,258 1,754 1978 165 2,643 R1,490 R4,297 NA NA NA NA 12 12 R4,309 1,813 1979 149 2,836 R1,367 R4,352 NA NA NA NA 14 14 R4,366 1,854 1980 115 2,651 R1,318 R4,084 NA NA NA NA 21 21 R4,105 1,906 1981 137 2,557 R1,122 R3,816 NA NA NA NA 21 21 R3,837 2,033 1982 155 2,650 R1,037 R3,842 NA NA NA NA 22 22 R3,864 2,077 1983 162 2,486 R1,170 R3,818 NA NA NA NA 22 22 R3,840 2,116 1984 169 2,582 R1,227 R3,978 NA NA NA NA 22 22 R4,001 2,264 1985 137 2,488 R1,083 R3,708 NA NA NA NA 24 24 R3,732 2,351 1986 135 2,367 R1,162 R3,665 NA NA NA NA 27 27 R3,693 2,439 1987 125 2,489 R1,131 R3,745 NA NA NA NA 30 30 R3,774 2,539 1988 131 2,731 R1,099 R3,961 NA NA NA NA 33 33 R3,994 2,675 1989 115 2,785 R1,041 R3,941 1 3 – – 99 102 R4,043 2,767 1990 124 2,682 R991 R3,798 1 3 – – 94 98 R3,896 2,860 1991 116 2,795 R935 R3,846 1 3 – – 95 100 R3,945 2,918 1992 117 2,871 R893 R3,881 1 3 – – 105 109 R3,991 2,900 1993 117 2,923 R819 R3,859 1 3 – – 109 114 R3,973 3,019 1994 118 2,962 R825 R3,905 1 4 – – 106 112 R4,016 3,116 1995 117 3,096 R769 R3,982 1 5 – – 113 118 R4,101 3,252 1996 122 3,226 R790 R4,138 1 5 – – 129 135 R4,273 3,344 1997 129 3,285 R743 R4,157 1 6 – – 131 138 R4,295 3,503 1998 93 3,083 R702 R3,878 1 7 – – 118 127 R4,005 3,678 1999 103 3,115 R707 R3,925 1 7 – – 121 129 R4,053 3,766 2000 92 3,252 R807 R4,150 1 8 – – 119 128 R4,278 3,956 2001 97 3,097 R790 R3,984 1 8 – – 92 101 R4,084 4,062 2002 90 3,225 R726 R4,040 (s) 9 – – 95 104 R4,144 4,110 2003 82 3,261 R827 R4,170 1 11 – – 101 113 R4,283 4,090 2004 103 3,201 R809 R4,113 1 12 – – 105 118 R4,232 4,198 2005 97 3,073 R761 R3,932 1 14 – – 105 119 R4,051 4,351 2006 65 2,902 R663 R3,629 1 14 – – 102 117 R3,746 4,435 2007 70 3,094 R649 R3,814 1 14 – – 102 118 R3,931 4,560 2008 69 R3,228 R651 R3,948 1 15 (s) – 109 125 R4,073 4,558 2009 R63 3,187 R682 R3,932 1 17 (s) (s) R112 R129 R4,061 R4,460 2010P 58 3,276 713 4,048 1 19 (s) (s) 108 127 4,175 4,536 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

7 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 8 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non

solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels); and fuel ethano

11 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities a

energy service providers.

12 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the ele

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the endeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical Systesection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=LNotes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into EnSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rou

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption f

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 10

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Primary

Coal Coke

Net Imports

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4,5 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 Biomass 9 Total

1949 5,433 -7 3,188 R3,475 R12,090 76 NA NA 468 544 R12,633 418 1950 5,781 1 3,546 R3,960 R13,288 69 NA NA 532 602 R13,890 500 1955 5,620 -10 4,701 R5,123 R15,434 38 NA NA 631 669 R16,103 887 1960 4,543 -6 5,973 R5,766 R16,277 39 NA NA 680 719 R16,996 1,107 1965 5,127 -18 7,339 R6,813 R19,260 33 NA NA 855 888 R20,148 1,463 1970 4,656 -58 9,536 R7,776 R21,911 34 NA NA 1,019 1,053 R22,964 1,948 1975 3,667 14 8,532 R8,127 R20,339 32 NA NA 1,063 1,096 R21,434 2,346 1976 3,661 (s) 8,762 R8,990 R21,412 33 NA NA 1,220 1,253 R22,665 2,573 1977 3,454 15 8,635 R9,747 R21,851 33 NA NA 1,281 1,314 R23,165 2,682 1978 3,314 125 8,539 R9,835 R21,812 32 NA NA 1,400 1,432 R23,244 2,761 1979 3,593 63 8,549 R10,548 R22,753 34 NA NA 1,405 1,439 R24,192 2,873 1980 3,155 -35 8,333 R9,509 R20,962 33 NA NA 1,600 1,633 R22,595 2,781 1981 3,157 -16 8,185 R8,265 R19,590 33 NA NA 1,695 1,728 R21,318 2,817 1982 2,552 -22 7,068 R7,772 R17,370 33 NA NA 1,650 1,683 R19,053 2,542 1983 2,490 -16 6,776 R7,390 R16,640 33 NA NA 1,874 1,908 R18,548 2,648 1984 2,842 -11 7,405 R7,987 R18,222 33 NA NA 1,918 1,951 R20,174 2,859 1985 2,760 -13 7,032 R7,714 R17,492 33 NA NA 1,918 1,951 R19,443 2,855 1986 2,641 -17 6,646 R7,860 R17,130 33 NA NA 1,915 1,948 R19,078 2,834 1987 2,673 9 7,283 R8,042 R18,006 33 NA NA 1,914 1,947 R19,953 2,928 1988 2,828 40 7,655 R8,317 R18,840 33 NA NA 1,989 2,022 R20,862 3,059 1989 2,787 30 8,088 R8,098 R19,003 28 2 – 1,841 1,871 R20,874 3,158 1990 2,756 5 8,451 R8,251 R19,463 31 2 – 1,684 1,717 R21,180 3,226 1991 2,601 10 8,572 R7,958 R19,141 30 2 – 1,652 1,684 R20,824 3,230 1992 2,515 35 8,918 R8,552 R20,019 31 2 – 1,705 1,737 R21,756 3,319 1993 2,496 27 9,070 R8,386 R19,980 30 2 – 1,741 1,773 R21,753 3,334 1994 2,510 58 9,126 R8,771 R20,465 62 3 – 1,862 1,927 R22,393 3,439 1995 2,488 61 9,592 R8,586 R20,727 55 3 – 1,934 1,992 R22,719 3,455 1996 2,434 23 9,901 R9,019 R21,377 61 3 – 1,969 2,033 R23,410 3,527 1997 2,395 46 9,933 R9,255 R21,629 58 3 – 1,996 2,057 R23,686 3,542 1998 2,335 67 9,763 R9,082 R21,248 55 3 – 1,872 1,929 R23,177 3,587 1999 2,227 58 9,375 R9,356 R21,016 49 4 – 1,882 1,934 R22,950 3,611 2000 2,256 65 9,500 R9,075 R20,896 42 4 – 1,881 1,928 R22,824 3,631 2001 2,192 29 8,676 R9,178 R20,075 33 5 – 1,681 1,719 R21,794 3,400 2002 2,019 61 8,845 R9,168 R20,093 39 5 – 1,676 1,720 R21,813 3,379 2003 2,041 51 8,488 R9,197 R19,777 43 3 – 1,679 1,726 R21,503 3,454 2004 2,047 138 8,536 R9,825 R20,545 33 4 – 1,817 1,853 R22,398 3,473 2005 1,954 44 7,903 R9,633 R19,534 32 4 – 1,837 1,873 R21,407 3,477 2006 1,914 61 7,846 R9,770 R19,591 29 4 – 1,897 1,930 R21,521 3,451 2007 1,865 25 8,090 R9,451 R19,431 16 5 – 1,944 1,964 R21,395 3,507 2008 1,796 41 R8,074 R8,511 R18,422 17 5 – 2,031 2,053 R20,474 3,444 2009 1,396 -24 R7,609 R7,816 R16,796 18 4 – R1,982 R2,005 R18,801 R3,130 2010P 1,618 -6 8,110 8,013 17,735 16 4 (s) 2,229 2,249 19,984 3,283 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

7 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 8 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

9 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal

solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels); fuel ethanol 

and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

10 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities 

energy service providers.

11 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the e

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the eeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical Syssection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)

greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-an

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into ESection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent r

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption 

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.7, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
44 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 7

Electric

System

Energy

Losses 

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4,5 Total Biomass 6

1949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 88 1950 1,564 130 6,690 R8,383 NA R8,383 23 86 1955 421 254 R8,799 R9,474 NA R9,474 20 56 1960 75 359 R10,125 10,560 NA 10,560 10 26 1965 16 517 R11,866 R12,399 NA R12,399 10 24 1970 7 745 15,310 R16,062 NA R16,062 11 26 1975 1 595 R17,615 R18,210 NA R18,210 10 24 1976 (s) 559 R18,508 R19,067 NA R19,067 10 24 1977 (s) 543 R19,243 R19,786 NA R19,786 10 25 1978 9 ( ) 539 R20,044 R20,583 NA R20,583 10 24 1979 9 ( ) 612 19,825 R20,437 NA R20,437 10 24 1980 9 ( ) 650 19,009 R19,659 NA R19,659 11 27 1981 9 ( ) 658 R18,813 R19,471 7 R19,478 11 25 1982 9 ( ) 612 R18,422 R19,034 18 R19,052 11 26 1983 9 ( ) 505 R18,595 R19,100 34 R19,134 13 30 1984 9 ( ) 545 R19,023 R19,567 41 R19,609 14 33 1985 9 ( ) 519 R19,472 R19,992 50 R20,041 14 32 1986 9 ( ) 499 R20,183 R20,682 57 R20,740 15 34 1987 9 ( ) 535 R20,817 R21,353 66 R21,419 16 35 1988 9 ( ) 632 R21,568 R22,199 67 R22,267 16 35 1989 9 ( ) 649 R21,707 R22,356 68 R22,424 16 38 1990 9 ( ) 680 R21,626 R22,306 60 R22,366 16 37 1991 9 ( ) 620 R21,374 R21,995 70 R22,065 16 37 1992 9 ( ) 608 R21,675 R22,283 80 R22,363 16 R36 1993 9 ( ) 645 R21,977 R22,621 94 R22,715 16 37 1994 9 ( ) 709 R22,497 R23,206 105 R23,311 17 38 1995 9 ( ) 724 R22,955 R23,679 R112 R23,791 17 R38 1996 9 ( ) 737 R23,565 R24,302 81 R24,383 17 38 1997 9 ( ) 780 R23,813 R24,593 102 R24,695 17 38 1998 9 ( ) 666 R24,422 R25,088 113 R25,201 17 38 1999 9 ( ) 675 R25,098 R25,774 118 25,891 17 40 2000 9 ( ) 672 R25,682 R26,354 135 R26,489 18 42 2001 9 ( ) 658 25,412 26,070 142 R26,213 20 43 2002 9 ( ) 702 R25,913 26,614 170 R26,784 19 42 2003 9 ( ) 627 R26,063 R26,690 230 R26,920 23 51 2004 9 ( ) 602 R26,925 R27,527 290 R27,817 25 R54 2005 9 ( ) 624 R27,309 R27,933 339 R28,272 26 56 2006 9 ( ) 625 R27,651 R28,276 475 R28,751 25 54 2007 9 ( ) 665 R27,763 R28,429 R602 R29,031 28 60 2008 9 ( ) R692 R26,407 R27,099 R826 R27,925 26 R56 2009 9 ( ) R643 R25,339 R25,982 R934 R26,916 R27 56 2010P 9 ( ) 682 25,646 26,327 1,098 27,425 26 55 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels—see Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous

Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily incompressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuel—see Table 6.5.

4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of

petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 6 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers. 8 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the 

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical Sysection. 9 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transposector consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounWeb Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumptio

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy 2

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 Wind 9 Biomass 10 Total

1949 1,995 569 415 2,979 0 1,349 NA NA NA 6 1,355 1950 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 NA NA NA 5 1,351 1955 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 NA NA NA 3 1,325 1960 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569 R (s) NA NA 2 1,571 1965 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026 R2 NA NA 3 R2,031 1970 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600 R6 NA NA 4 R2,609 1975 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 R34 NA NA 2 R3,158 1976 9,720 3,152 3,477 16,349 2,111 2,943 R38 NA NA 3 R2,983 1977 10,262 3,284 3,901 17,446 2,702 2,301 R37 NA NA 5 R2,343 1978 10,238 3,297 3,987 17,522 3,024 2,905 R31 NA NA 3 R2,940 1979 11,260 3,613 3,283 18,156 2,776 2,897 R40 NA NA 5 R2,942 1980 12,123 3,778 2,634 18,534 2,739 2,867 R53 NA NA 5 R2,925 1981 12,583 3,730 2,202 18,516 3,008 2,725 R59 NA NA 4 R2,788 1982 12,582 3,312 1,568 17,462 3,131 3,233 R51 NA NA 3 R3,286 1983 13,213 2,972 1,544 17,729 3,203 3,494 R64 NA (s) 4 R3,562 1984 14,019 3,199 1,286 18,504 3,553 3,353 R81 (s) (s) 9 R3,443 1985 14,542 3,135 1,090 18,767 4,076 2,937 R97 (s) (s) 14 R3,049 1986 14,444 2,670 1,452 18,566 4,380 3,038 R108 (s) (s) 12 R3,158 1987 15,173 2,916 1,257 19,346 4,754 2,602 R112 (s) (s) 15 R2,729 1988 15,850 2,693 1,563 20,106 5,587 2,302 R106 (s) (s) 17 R2,425 198912 16,137 3,173 1,703 21,013 5,602 2,808 R152 3 22 232 R3,217 1990 16,261 3,309 1,289 20,859 6,104 3,014 R161 4 29 317 R3,524 1991 16,250 3,377 1,198 20,825 6,422 2,985 R167 5 31 354 R3,542 1992 16,466 3,512 991 20,968 6,479 2,586 R167 4 30 402 R3,189 1993 17,196 3,538 1,124 21,857 6,410 2,861 R173 5 31 415 R3,484 1994 17,261 3,977 1,059 22,297 6,694 2,620 R160 5 36 434 R3,255 1995 17,466 4,302 755 22,523 7,075 3,149 R138 5 33 422 R3,747 1996 18,429 3,862 817 23,109 7,087 3,528 R148 5 33 438 R4,153 1997 18,905 4,126 927 23,957 6,597 3,581 R150 5 34 446 R4,216 1998 19,216 4,675 1,306 25,197 7,068 3,241 R151 5 31 444 R3,872 1999 19,279 4,902 1,211 25,393 7,610 3,218 R152 5 46 453 R3,874 2000 20,220 5,293 1,144 26,658 7,862 2,768 R144 5 57 453 R3,427 2001 19,614 5,458 1,277 26,348 8,029 2,209 R142 6 70 337 R2,763 2002 19,783 5,767 961 26,511 8,145 2,650 R147 6 105 380 R3,288 2003 20,185 5,246 1,205 26,636 7,959 2,781 R148 5 115 397 R3,445 2004 20,305 5,595 1,212 27,112 8,222 2,656 R148 6 142 388 R3,340 2005 20,737 6,015 1,235 27,986 8,161 2,670 R147 6 178 406 R3,406 2006 20,462 6,375 648 27,485 8,215 2,839 R145 5 264 412 R3,665 2007 20,808 7,005 657 28,470 8,455 2,430 R145 6 341 423 R3,345 2008 20,513 6,829 468 27,810 8,427 2,494 R146 9 546 435 R3,630 2009 R18,225 R7,022 390 R25,638 R8,356 R2,650 R146 R9 R721 R441 R3,967 2010P 19,133 7,517 378 27,028 8,441 2,492 153 13 924 440 4,022 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 See Table 10.2c for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 See Table 5.14c for series components. 5 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6). 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).

7 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels

heat rate—see Table A6).

9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; and municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge

waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also in

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Net imports equal imports minus exports.12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, da

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion BNotes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful t

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHPcategory whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equindependent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption 

Sources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

By Energy SourceBy North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code646 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Natural gas liquids.3 See “Breeze” in Glossary.4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.5 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.

6 See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries 

NAICS codes.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.2.

5.9

2.9

2.4

1.4

0.3 0.3 0.1

Natural Gas Net LPG1 and NGL2 Coal Residual Coal Coke Distillate 

-2

0

2

468

10

0

-2

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil

Electricity Fuel Oil and Breeze3

1.2

0.1 0.2 0.1 (s) (s) 0.5

2.4

0.1

6.9

5.1

0.3

1.1

1.7

0.4 0.2 0.1 

311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

 (Trillion Btu )

NAICS 1

Code Manufacturing Group Coal

Coal Coke

and

Breeze 2 Natural Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil

LPG 3

 and

NGL 4

Residual

Fuel Oil

Net

Electricity 5 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 147 1 638 16 3 26 251  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 20 0 41 1 1 3 30  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 32 0 65 (s) (s) 2 66  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 3 0 46 (s) 1 Q 20  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0 0 7 (s) (s) (s) 7  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 1 (s) (s) (s) 1  321 Wood Products ................................................................. Q Q 87 21 4 4 91  322 Paper ................................................................................ 221 0 474 13 5 91 247  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0 0 39 (s) 1 (s) 45  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 102 1 849 33 29 58 137  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 182 3 1,746 8 2,304 87 517  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... Q 0 128 3 5 9 182  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 320 11 460 30 5 3 147  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 373 253 627 7 4 19 458  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0 Q 240 2 5 (s) 143  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 1 0 84 2 3 Q 111  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0 0 45 1 (s) (s) 94  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ (s) 0 42 Q 1 0 44  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 5 Q 249 3 5 7 195  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 3 0 17 Q 1 (s) 32  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0 0 25 (s) 1 Q 33  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,433 272 5,911 143 2,376 314 2,851 

1 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 See "Breeze" in Glossary. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Natural gas liquids. 5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equalto 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which arenonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).

7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to

another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtrac

8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, dist

natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, minu

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu

standard error was greater than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for h

material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form 

Consumption Survey" and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Repo
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 

By Selected End Use1By Energy Source48 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.3 Excludes coal coke and breeze.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Natural gas liquids.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.3.

1.7

0.7

0.2

0.2

0.2

(s)

Process Heating

Machine Drive

Facility HVAC2

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Electrochemical Processes

Facility Lighting

Conventional Electricity Generation

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 

Quadrillion Btu

5.5

2.9

1.0

0.3 0.1 

Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal3 Residual Distillate 

0

1

2

34567

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Us

End-Use Category

Net Electricity 1 Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil LPG 2 and NGL 3 Natural Gas 

Million Kilowatthours Million Barrels Billion Cubic Feet Millio

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 12,109 21 4 2 2,059 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 12,109 11 3 2 1,245  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .......................... – – 10 1 (s) 814 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 657,810 10 9 10 2,709  Process Heating ........................................................ 101,516 9 3 8 2,417  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 60,381 (s) (s) (s) 31  Machine Drive ............................................................. 422,408 (s) 4 (s) 126  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 60,323 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 13,181 (s) 1 1 136  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 157,829 1 9 7 426  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 77,768 1 1 1 367  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 58,013 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 17,644 (s) (s) (s) 29  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 2,197 – – 6 5 3  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 1 (s) 19  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 2,208 (s) 1 (s) 8 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 7,634 8 1 1 164 Total ................................................................................. 835,382 40 22 21 5,357 

Trillion Btu

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 41 133 23 8 2,119 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 41 71 17 8 1,281  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ......................... – – 62 6 1 838 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 2,244 62 52 39 2,788  Process Heating ........................................................ 346 59 19 32 2,487  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 206 (s) 1 (s) 32  Machine Drive ............................................................. 1,441 2 24 2 129  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 206 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 45 Q 8 5 140  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 539 6 50 27 438  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 265 4 4 5 378  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 198 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 60 1 (s) (s) 30  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 7 – – 35 20 3  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 4 (s) 19  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 8 (s) 6 1 8 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 26 49 4 5 168 Total ................................................................................. 2,850 251 129 79 5,512 

1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Natural gas liquids. 4 Excludes coal coke and breeze. 5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu). 6 Combined-heat-and-power plants. 7 Excludes steam and hot water.

– – = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy fo

electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Squantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and puestablishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energenergy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. • Allocbasis of reasonable approximations by respondents. • Totals may nindependent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zero, anwithheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 percent.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/meSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-8

Consumption Survey."
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption by All Households, by Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption per Household, by Cen50 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 For years not shown, there are no data available.

 Notes: • Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gases; data do not include wood. • Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shown

 through March of following year; data for 1987 forward are fodix C for map of Census regions. Source: Table 2.4.

10.6

9.7

9.3 9.3

8.6

9.0 9.1 9.2

10.0 10.3 9.9 10.6

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu2.52

2.91

Northeast Midwest 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

138

126

114112

102 105 101 98 104 101

92 95

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005

0

50

100150

Million Btu

122

113

Northeast Midwest 

0

20406080

100120140

Million Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005

 (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)

Census Region 1 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 

Northeast (total does not include wood) .............. 2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.30 2.38 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 1.14 1.05 .94 1.01 .96 .93 1.03 1.03 1.11  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .39 .39 .41 .40 .37 .41 .44 .47 .47  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 .93 .83 .93 .87 .78 .78  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .02 .02 .03  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .26 .27 .24 .21 .17 .12 .14  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 122 

Midwest (total does not include wood) ................ 3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.81 3.13 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.88 2.07  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .60 .59 .60 .56 .56 .55 .61 .66 .74  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .46 .31 .17 .19 .16 .13 .16 .13 .13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .12 .10 .15 .13 .11 .13 .13 .13 .19  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .25 .25 .27 .27 .25 .17 .11  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 134 

South (total does not include wood) .................... 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.60 2.95 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .96 .91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.03 1.18  Electricity 2 .......................................................... 1.00 .97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.36 1.51  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .32 .28 .25 .14 .18 .16 .17 .11 .13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .15 .14 .14 .12 .12 .12 .12 .10 .13  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .23 .21 .33 .33 .26 .17 .17  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 88 

West (total does not include wood) ...................... 1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.51 1.55 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .95 .88 .86 .90 .85 .91 .88 .92 .91  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .48 .47 .41 .46 .41 .47 .48 .54 .56  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .09 .09 .04 .03 .03 .04 .02 .02 .03  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .05 .03 .04  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .11 .13 .13 .17 .17 .12 .12  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 76 

United States (total does not include wood) ........ 10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.22 10.01 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.86 5.27  Electricity 2 .......................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.03 3.28  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.04 1.07  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .33 .31 .35 .31 .29 .31 .32 .28 .38  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .85 .87 .97 .98 .85 .58 .55  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 104 

1 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 2 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 3 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. • For years not shown, there are

no data available. • Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data

for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. • Totals may not equa

rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/conSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Admin

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIASurvey."
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Consumption by Energy Source, 2005 Expenditures1, Selected Years, 1978-20052

Consumption1 by End Use, 2005 Consumption1 for Space Heating, 2005

52 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Does not include wood, which is used for both space heating and ambiance.2 For years not shown, there are no data available.3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.4 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.

5 Liquefied petroleum gases.6 Used for both space heating and ambiance.

Source: Table 2.5.

55

63

76 83 87

97 98

110

124

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 

0

50

100150200250

Billion Dollars3

4.8

4.4

0.9

0.5 0.4

Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil LPG Wood

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

 46

4.30

3.25

2.12

0.88

Space Heating Appliances Water Heating Air 

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

5

2.95

0.75

Natural Gas Fuel Oil Ele

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Conditioning

 4
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,

 Selected Years, 1978-2005

Year

Space Heating 1

Air

Conditioning 2 Water Heating Appliances 3,4 

Natural

Gas

Electricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Electricity 5 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 LPG 7 Natural Gas 2 Ele

tricit

Consumption (quadrillion Btu)

1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 0.31 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.28 1.46 0.03 5.58 2.41979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.31 2.41980 3.41 .27 1.30 .23 .36 1.15 .30 .22 .07 .36 1.54 .05 4.97 2.41981 3.69 .26 1.06 .21 .34 1.13 .30 .22 .06 .43 1.52 .05 5.27 2.41982 3.14 .25 1.04 .19 .31 1.15 .28 .15 .06 .43 1.50 .05 4.74 2.31984 3.51 .25 1.11 .21 .32 1.10 .32 .15 .06 .35 1.59 .04 4.98 2.41987 3.38 .28 1.05 .22 .44 1.10 .31 .17 .06 .34 1.72 .04 4.83 2.71990 3.37 .30 .93 .19 .48 1.16 .34 .11 .06 .33 1.91 .03 4.86 3.01993 3.67 .41 .95 .30 .46 1.31 .34 .12 .05 .29 2.08 .03 5.27 3.21997 3.61 .40 .91 .26 .42 1.29 .39 .16 .08 .37 2.33 .02 5.28 3.52001 3.32 .39 .62 .28 .62 1.15 .36 .13 .05 .37 2.52 .05 4.84 3.82005 2.95 .28 .75 .32 .88 1.41 .42 .14 .15 .43 2.77 .05 4.79 4.3

Expenditures (billion dollars 9)

1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 3.97 2.88 3.15 0.56 0.36 0.93 19.24 0.25 15.30 29.81979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 17.84 32.51980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 .57 1.91 26.74 .44 19.77 40.81981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 .51 2.17 29.70 .52 24.03 44.81982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 .54 2.58 31.29 .52 26.96 46.71984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 .58 2.31 36.36 .54 29.78 54.41987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 9.77 6.02 6.45 .94 .50 2.02 39.83 .46 26.15 61.51990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 11.23 6.59 7.21 .83 .65 2.03 46.95 .48 27.26 71.51993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 11.31 8.08 7.58 .74 .58 1.98 53.52 .42 32.04 81.01997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 .89 2.86 60.57 .36 35.81 88.32001 31.84 8.98 5.66 4.04 15.94 11.31 8.47 1.15 .69 3.83 66.94 .86 46.98 100.32005 31.97 7.42 10.99 6.35 25.26 15.57 11.13 2.00 3.28 4.80 80.92 1.37 52.37 124.7

1 Wood used for space heating is included in "Total Wood." 2 A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Total Natural Gas." 3 Includes refrigerators. 4 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under

"Total." 5 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu. 6 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases. 8 Wood used for both space heating and ambiance.

9 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in 

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/conSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Admin

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIASurvey."
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics

Share of Households With Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2009 Space Heating by MaShare of Households With Selected Electronics, 1997 and 2009 Air-Conditioning Equip54 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Natural gas and electric.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Includes kerosene. 4 Coal, solar, other fuel, or no heating equipment.5 Video Cassette Recorder.

6 Digital Video Recorder.7 Not collected in 1997.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to indeSource: Table 2.6.

77

23

30

82 79

59

96

86

14

38

74

61

37

14

One Two or More Separate Clothes Clothes Dishwasher Microwave

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 2009

1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

Refrigerators Freezer

Washer Oven Dryer1

21

33

44

51

43 41

35 32 37 29

88

29

6

One Two Three or More One Two or More

0

20406080

100

Percent

1997 2009

None

43%

Window/Wall

Unit

30%

Computers

50%

35%

5%

6%

2% 1%

VCR5

(

7

)

Televisions

Central

System

27%

DVR6
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009

Appliance

Year 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005 

Total Households (millions) .......... 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 101 107 111 

Percent of Households

Space Heating - Main Fuel 1

 Natural Gas .................................... 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53 52 55 52  Electricity 2 ...................................... 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26 29 29 30  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............ 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5  Distillate Fuel Oil 3 .......................... 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 9 7 7  Wood .............................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3 2 2 3  Other 4 or No Equipment ................ 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 

Air Conditioning - Equipment

 Central System 5 ............................ 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44 47 55 59  Window/Wall Unit 5 ......................... 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25 25 23 25  None ............................................... 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 28 23 16 

Water Heating - Main Fuel

 Natural Gas .................................... 55 55 54 55 56 54 54 53 53 52 54 53  Electricity 2 ...................................... 33 33 32 33 32 33 35 37 38 39 38 39  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............ 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4  Distillate Fuel Oil 3 .......................... 8 7 9 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4  Other or No Water Heating ............. 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 

Appliances

 Refrigerator 6 .................................. 100 NA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100  One ............................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85 85 83 78  Two or More ................................. 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 15 17 22  Separate Freezer ............................ 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35 33 32 32  Clothes Washer .............................. 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77 77 79 83  Clothes Dryer .................................. 59 NA 61 61 60 62 66 69 70 71 74 79  Natural Gas .................................. 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 14 15 16 17  Electric .......................................... 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57 55 57 61  Dishwasher ..................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45 50 53 58  Range/Stove/Oven ......................... 99 NA 99 100 99 99 99 100 100 99 100 99  Natural Gas .................................. 48 NA 46 46 47 46 43 42 33 35 35 35  Electric .......................................... 53 NA 57 56 56 57 60 59 63 62 62 62  Microwave Oven ............................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84 83 86 88 

Electronics

 Television ....................................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99  One ............................................... NA NA 47 51 49 46 40 35 34 32 27 21  Two ............................................... NA NA 38 34 35 34 35 36 36 37 36 35  Three or More ............................... NA NA 14 14 15 18 23 28 28 29 36 43  Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) .... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 88 7 90 80  Digital Video Recorder (DVR) ......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Computer ........................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 56 68  One ............................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29 42 45  Two or More ................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 15 23  Printer ............................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 12 49 59 

1 Includes households that have but do not use space heating equipment. 2 Retail (delivered) electricity. 3 Includes kerosene. 4 Coal, solar, or other fuels. 5 Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central

System." Includes households that have but do not use air conditioning equipment.

6 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator. 7 The 2001 "Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS)" only had one question for VCRs and

DVD players.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there are no dat

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/rSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

• 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "RECS."
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009

By Fuel TypeBy Fuel Type, Share of Total56 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Includes coal coke.

4 Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 2.7.

57

38

8 6

2 (

11

(s)

9

1

4

14

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Million Occupied Housing Units1

1950 2009

51

34

7 5

2 (

26

1

22

2

10

34

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Percent

1950 2009
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009

Year Coal 1

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Natural

Gas Electricity Wood Solar Other 2 

Million Occupied Housing Units

1950 14.48 9.46 4 ( ) 0.98 11.12 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 1960 6.46 17.16 4 ( ) 2.69 22.85 .93 2.24 NA .22 1970 1.82 16.47 4 ( ) 3.81 35.01 4.88 .79 NA .27 1973 .80 17.24 4 ( ) 4.42 38.46 7.21 .60 NA .15 1975 .57 16.30 4 ( ) 4.15 40.93 9.17 .85 NA .08 1977 .45 15.62 .44 4.18 41.54 11.15 1.24 NA .15 1979 .36 15.30 .41 4.13 43.32 13.24 1.14 NA .10 1981 .36 14.13 .37 4.17 46.08 15.49 1.89 NA .10 1983 5 .43 12.59 .45 3.87 46.70 15.68 4.09 NA .16 1985 .45 12.44 1.06 3.58 45.33 18.36 6.25 .05 .37 1987 .41 12.74 1.08 3.66 45.96 20.61 5.45 .05 .28 1989 .34 12.47 1.07 3.66 47.40 23.06 4.59 .04 .40 1991 .32 11.47 .99 3.88 47.02 23.71 4.44 .03 .41 1993 .30 11.17 1.02 3.92 47.67 25.11 4.10 .03 .50 1995 .21 10.98 1.06 4.25 49.20 26.77 3.53 .02 .64 1997 .18 10.10 .75 5.40 51.05 29.20 1.79 .03 .36 1999 .17 10.03 .72 5.91 52.37 31.14 1.70 .02 .21 2001 6 .13 9.81 .65 6.04 54.13 32.41 1.67 .02 .19 2003 .13 9.50 .64 6.13 54.93 32.34 1.56 .02 .16 2005 .10 9.38 .55 6.23 56.32 34.26 1.41 .02 .21 2007 .09 8.74 .57 6.10 56.68 36.08 1.47 .02 .46 2009 .10 8.21 .60 5.82 56.81 37.85 1.78 .01 .24 

Percent

1950 33.8 22.1 4 ( ) 2.3 26.0 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 1960 12.2 32.4 4 ( ) 5.1 43.1 1.8 4.2 NA .4 1970 2.9 26.0 4 ( ) 6.0 55.2 7.7 1.3 NA .4 1973 1.2 24.9 4 ( ) 6.4 55.5 10.4 .9 NA .2 1975 .8 22.5 4 ( ) 5.7 56.4 12.6 1.2 NA .1 1977 .6 20.7 .6 5.6 55.2 14.8 1.6 NA .2 1979 .5 19.5 .5 5.3 55.1 16.9 1.4 NA .1 1981 .4 17.0 .4 5.0 55.4 18.6 2.3 NA .1 1983 5 .5 14.9 .5 4.6 55.2 18.5 4.8 NA .2 1985 .5 14.1 1.2 4.1 51.3 20.8 7.1 .1 .4 1987 .4 14.0 1.2 4.0 50.6 22.7 6.0 .1 .3 1989 .4 13.3 1.1 3.9 50.6 24.6 4.9 (s) .4 1991 .3 12.3 1.1 4.2 50.5 25.5 4.8 (s) .4 1993 .3 11.8 1.1 4.1 50.3 26.5 4.3 (s) .5 1995 .2 11.2 1.1 4.4 50.4 27.4 3.6 (s) .7 1997 .2 10.2 .8 5.4 51.3 29.4 1.8 (s) .4 1999 .2 9.8 .7 5.7 50.9 30.3 1.7 (s) .2 2001 6 .1 9.3 .6 5.7 51.3 30.7 1.6 (s) .2 2003 .1 9.0 .6 5.8 51.9 30.6 1.5 (s) .1 2005 .1 8.6 .5 5.7 51.7 31.5 1.3 (s) .2 2007 .1 7.9 .5 5.5 51.2 32.6 1.3 (s) .4 2009 .1 7.3 .5 5.2 50.8 33.9 1.6 (s) .2 

1 Includes coal coke. 2 Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),

purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.

3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively. 4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil." 5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey. 6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990

Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent. 

Notes: • Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartm

more than one type of heating system are classified according to the • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#con

1950. • For related information, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/a

Sources: • 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, Census of 

forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the Unite2-5.
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy

All Motor Vehicles,1 1949-2008Mileage, 1966-2008 Fuel Consumption, 1966-2008 Fuel Economy, 1966-2058 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.2 Miles per gallon.3 Miles per vehicle.4 Gallons per vehicle.

5 Sport utility vehicle.6Through 1989, includes motorcycles

Source: Table 2.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100 Fue

Passenger Cars6

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs5

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

 and SUVs5

Heavy-Duty Trucks

Heavy-D

Fue

Heavy-Duty Trucks

Passenger Cars6

1970 1980 1990 2000

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

1970 1980 

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-200

Year

Passenger Cars 1 Vans, Pickup Trucks, and Sport Utility Vehicles 2 Heavy-Duty Trucks 3 

Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Milea

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

vehicle

Gallons

per vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles 

Vehi

1949 9,388 627 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 9,712 1,080 9.0 9,491950 9,060 603 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,321955 9,447 645 14.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,661960 9,518 668 14.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,731965 9,603 661 14.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,821970 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,971975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,621976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,771977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,971978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,071979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,721980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,451981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,471982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,641983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,761984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,011985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,021986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,141987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,451988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,721989 110,157 1533 119.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,931990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,101991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,291992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,551993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,591994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,681995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,791996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,811997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,101998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,211999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,202000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,162001 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,882002 12,202 555 22.0 11,364 650 17.5 27,071 4,642 5.8 12,172003 12,325 556 22.2 11,287 697 16.2 28,093 4,215 6.7 12,202004 12,460 553 22.5 11,184 690 16.2 27,023 4,057 6.7 12,202005 12,510 567 22.1 10,920 617 17.7 26,235 4,385 6.0 12,082006 12,485 554 22.5 10,920 612 17.8 25,231 4,304 5.9 12,012007 12,304 547 22.5 10,962 609 18.0 25,152 4,275 5.9 11,922008P 11,788 522 22.6 10,951 605 18.1 25,254 4,075 6.2 11,61

1 Through 1989, includes motorcycles. 2 Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. 3 Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. 4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed. 5 Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."

P=Preliminary. 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annu

1949. • For related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/poli

Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department of 

Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, T• 1949-1994—Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), HighVM-201A. • 1995 forward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual re
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-2003By Census Region, 200360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error 

fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.Source: Table 2.9.

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 19

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

Fuel Oil2

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.2 

0.5

0.8

0.5 0.4

0.6

0.8

1.5

0.6

Northeast Midwest South West 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1 Natural Gas Fuel Oil2 District Heat

(s) (s) (s) Q
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Energy Source

and Year

Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity Census R

1,001 to

10,000

10,001 to

100,000

Over

100,000 Education

Food

Sales

Food

Service

Health

Care Lodging

Mercantile

and Service Office

All

Other Northeast Midwest 

Major Sources 2

1979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 511 3 ( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,826 

1983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 480 3 ( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,821 1986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,585 1989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,659 1992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,578 1995 4 ............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,497 

1999 ................ 1,381 2,300 2,053 649 201 447 515 450 1,145 1,089 1,237 1,116 1,509 2003 ................ 1,248 2,553 2,721 820 251 427 594 510 1,333 1,134 1,455 1,396 1,799 

Electricity 5

1979 ................ 429 872 608 163 3 ( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 593 

1983 ................ 469 903 758 152 3 ( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 673 1986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 584 1989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 609 1992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 622 1995 4 ............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 558 

1999 ................ 698 1,235 1,164 257 165 216 232 196 659 767 606 543 662 2003 ................ 685 1,405 1,469 371 208 217 248 235 883 719 679 587 799 

Natural Gas

1979 ................ 646 996 532 214 3 ( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,007 

1983 ................ 684 809 597 246 3 ( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 978 1986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 742 1989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 831 1992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 747 1995 4 ............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 750 

1999 ................ 604 803 616 227 31 216 217 181 446 219 486 299 709 2003 ................ 482 909 709 268 39 203 243 215 403 269 460 462 751 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ................ 177 272 231 107 3 ( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 133 

1983 ................ 85 140 90 61 3 ( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 28 1986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 63 1989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 61 1992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 26 1995 4 ............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 16 

1999 ................ 29 73 60 48 Q Q 19 Q 18 29 65 138 5 2003 ................ 71 74 83 47 Q Q 11 35 41 18 68 181 24 

District Heat 7

1979 ................ Q 61 136 27 3 ( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 93 

1983 ................ Q 83 202 21 3 ( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 141 1986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 196 1989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 159 1992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 183 1995 4 ............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 173 

1999 ................ Q 158 213 117 Q Q 46 68 Q 74 126 136 132 2003 ................ Q 165 460 134 NC Q Q Q Q 128 247 166 225 

1 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Included in "Food Service." 4 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages.

5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20

buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all bu

"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel buildings using any of those fuels.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbeSources: • 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIA-78Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonresidenSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildin
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selecte

Buildings by Energy Source Used Consumption Consumption per SquaSquare Footage per Building by Expenditures Expenditures Per SquaEnergy Source Used62 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: For years not shown, there are no data available. Source: Table 2.10.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Buildings

1979 1983 1986 

0

255075

100125

Thousand Btu

Fuel Oil2

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

District Heat District Heat

Natural Gas Natural Gas

Electricity1

Fuel Oil2 

Fuel Oil2

Electricity1

1979 1983 1986 19

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Dollars3

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Billion Dollars3

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Thousand Square Feet 

Natural Gas Fuel Oil2

Fuel O

Electricity1

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

District Heat
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 

Energy Source

and Year

Building Characteristics Energy Consumption Energy Expe

Number of

Buildings

Total

Square Feet

Square Feet

per Building Total

Per

Building

Per

Square Foot

Per

Employee Total

Per

Building

Thousands Millions Thousands Trillion Btu Million Btu Thousand Btu Million Btu Million Dollars 1 Thousand Dollars 1 

Major Sources 2

1979 ...................... 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 11.0 1983 ...................... 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 17.5 1986 ...................... 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 14.6 1989 ...................... 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 15.6 1992 ...................... 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 14.9 1995 3 ................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 15.3 

1999 ...................... 4,657 67,338 14.5 5,733 1,231 85.1 70.0 81,552 17.5 2003 ...................... 4,859 71,658 14.7 6,523 1,342 91.0 5 ( ) 107,897 22.2 

Electricity 4

1979 ...................... 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 7.9 1983 ...................... 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12.9 1986 ...................... 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 11.9 1989 ...................... 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 13.0 1992 ...................... 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 12.5 1995 3 ................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 13.0 

1999 ...................... 4,395 65,716 15.0 3,098 706 47.1 37.9 66,424 15.1 2003 ...................... 4,617 70,181 15.2 3,559 771 50.7 5 ( ) 82,783 17.9 

Natural Gas

1979 ...................... 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 3.1 1983 ...................... 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6.0 1986 ...................... 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 3.8 1989 ...................... 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 3.8 1992 ...................... 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 3.7 1995 3 ................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 3.6 

1999 ...................... 2,670 45,525 17.1 2,023 758 44.4 36.0 10,609 4.0 2003 ...................... 2,538 48,473 19.1 2,100 828 43.3 5 ( ) 16,010 6.3 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ...................... 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 4.3 1983 ...................... 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 4.8 1986 ...................... 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 3.9 1989 ...................... 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 3.1 1992 ...................... 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 2.5 1995 3 ................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 1.9 

1999 ...................... 434 13,285 30.6 179 412 13.5 9.1 956 2.2 2003 ...................... 465 16,265 35.0 228 490 14.0 5 ( ) 1,826 3.9 

District Heat 7

1979 ...................... 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 26.9 1983 ...................... 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 41.2 1986 ...................... 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 33.8 1989 ...................... 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 39.3 1992 ...................... 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 30.7 1995 3 ................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 28.3 

1999 ...................... 117 5,891 50.2 433 3,692 73.6 50.1 3,564 30.4 2003 ...................... 67 5,576 83.0 636 9,470 114.0 5 ( ) 7,279 108.4 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages.

4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all bui

major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbeSources: • 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIA-788Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonresidentSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildin
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

By End UseBy Principal Building Activity64 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1,340

481 436

381

167 156

88 69 

Lighting Cooling Ventilation Refrigeration Space Computers Water Office 

0

500

1,0001,500

Trillion Btu

Heating Heating Equipment

and Storage Assembly

733 719

371

248 244 235 217 208

167 

Mercantile Office Education Health Care Warehouse Lodging Food Service Food Sales Public 

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu (Cumulative)All Other End Uses Cooling Lighting

1 Examples of “other” include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,

hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; signmotors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.

2 Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and bu

the other named categories.

Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, exc

losses.

Source: Table 2.11.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

 (Trillion Btu)

End Use

Space

Heating Cooling Ventilation

Water

Heating Lighting Cooking Refrigeration

Office

Equipment Com

All Buildings .................................... 167 481 436 88 1,340 24 381 69 Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 15 74 83 11 113 2 16 4  Food Sales ................................... 6 12 7 Q 46 2 119 2  Food Service ................................ 10 28 24 10 42 13 70 2  Health Care .................................. 6 34 42 2 105 1 8 4  Inpatient ..................................... 3 25 38 2 76 1 4 2  Outpatient .................................. 3 9 4 (s) 28 (s) 4 2  Lodging ......................................... 14 24 14 12 124 2 12 Q  Mercantile ..................................... 58 109 68 38 308 2 49 8  Retail (Other Than Mall) ............ 6 25 16 2 111 (s) 22 3  Enclosed and Strip Malls ........... 52 84 51 36 197 2 27 5  Office ............................................ 33 101 63 7 281 1 35 32  Public Assembly ........................... 5 35 63 (s) 27 (s) 9 Q  Public Order and Safety ............... 2 8 10 3 18 (s) 3 1  Religious Worship ......................... 3 11 5 (s) 17 (s) 6 (s)  Service .......................................... 6 15 24 (s) 63 Q 9 1  Warehouse and Storage ............... 5 13 20 2 132 Q 36 2  Other 2 .......................................... 2 16 11 Q 59 Q 10 Q  Vacant .......................................... 1 2 1 Q 4 Q (s) Q 

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,

and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators. 2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater

than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • Data are estimates for electricity consumption, ex

• One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Commercia

2003," Table E3A.
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses arecalculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electricpower sector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retailsales—see Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electricpower plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy intomechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamicallynecessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output

losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivgeothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind enconversion losses, other losses included power pmission and distribution of electricity from power (also called “line losses”), and unaccounted for elcated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each secsales. Overall, about two thirds of total energy Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 

and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distributio

66 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
3. Financial Indicators
Figure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices

Prices, 1949-2010Fossil Fuel Composite Price2, Change From Previous Year, 1950-201068 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Fossil Fuel Composite

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 Based on real prices. 

Source: Table 3.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

12

1416

Chained (2005) Dollars1 per Million Btu Crude Oil

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-60-40-20

0

204060

Percent
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3 Fossi

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 

1949 0.21 1.45 0.05 0.37 0.44 3.02 0.26 1950 .21 1.41 .06 .43 .43 2.96 .26 1955 .19 1.12 .09 .54 .48 2.88 .27 1960 .19 1.04 .13 .68 .50 2.67 .28 1965 .18 .92 .15 .73 .49 2.48 .28 1970 .27 1.09 .15 .63 .55 2.26 .32 1975 .85 2.52 .40 1.20 1.32 3.94 .82 1976 .86 2.41 .53 1.50 1.41 3.98 .90 1977 .88 2.34 .72 1.92 1.48 3.91 1.01 1978 .98 2.43 .84 2.07 1.55 3.84 1.12 1979 1.06 2.42 1.08 2.47 2.18 4.98 1.42 1980 1.10 2.30 1.45 3.03 3.72 7.80 2.04 1981 1.18 2.27 1.80 3.44 5.48 10.49 2.75 1982 1.23 2.21 2.22 4.01 4.92 8.87 2.76 1983 1.18 2.05 2.32 4.03 4.52 7.84 2.70 1984 1.16 1.95 2.40 4.01 4.46 7.47 2.65 1985 1.15 1.87 2.26 3.67 4.15 6.75 2.51 1986 1.09 1.73 1.75 2.78 2.16 3.43 1.65 1987 1.05 1.63 1.50 2.32 2.66 4.10 1.70 1988 1.01 1.51 1.52 2.28 2.17 3.24 1.53 1989 1.00 1.44 1.53 2.20 2.73 3.93 1.67 1990 1.00 1.38 1.55 2.14 3.45 4.78 1.84 1991 .99 1.33 1.48 1.98 2.85 3.82 1.67 1992 .97 1.27 1.57 2.05 2.76 3.60 1.66 1993 .93 1.19 1.84 2.36 2.46 3.14 1.67 1994 .91 1.14 1.67 2.10 2.27 2.85 1.53 1995 .88 1.08 1.40 1.72 2.52 3.09 1.47 1996 .87 1.04 1.96 2.36 3.18 3.83 1.82 1997 .85 1.01 2.10 2.48 2.97 3.51 1.81 1998 .83 .97 1.77 2.07 1.87 2.19 1.41 1999 .79 .91 1.98 2.28 2.68 3.09 1.65 2000 .80 .90 3.32 3.75 4.61 5.20 2.60 2001 .84 .92 3.62 3.99 3.77 4.15 2.53 2002 .87 .94 2.67 2.90 3.88 4.21 2.21 2003 .87 .93 4.41 4.69 4.75 5.05 3.09 2004 .98 1.01 4.95 5.11 6.34 6.55 3.61 2005 1.16 1.16 6.64 6.64 8.67 8.67 4.74 2006 1.24 1.20 5.79 5.61 10.29 9.97 4.73 2007 1.29 1.21 5.66 5.33 11.47 R10.79 4.95 2008 1.55 R1.42 R7.25 6.67 16.21 R14.93 6.52 2009 R1.67 R1.52 R3.33 R3.04 9.72 8.86 3.97 2010P 1.77 1.60 3.78 3.41 12.88 11.64 4.83 

1 Free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point of first sale,

excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

2 Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See

"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary. 4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production ofeach fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btucontent of total fossil fuel production.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domest

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 7 Based on real values.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less t

percent. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports

Overview, 1949-2010 Production by Fuel, 1949-2010Overview, 201070 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Production

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.7, and 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125150175200

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150200250300350400450

Billion Chained (2005) Dollars1 Production Cru

Coa

Exports

Imports

283

352

80

Production Imports Exports

0

100200300400

Billion Nominal Dollars2
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3,4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nomi

1949 2.52 17.38 0.33 2.24 4.68 32.30 71950 2.91 19.86 .44 3.00 4.95 33.83 81955 2.30 13.88 .94 5.67 6.88 41.49 101960 2.10 11.28 1.79 9.61 7.42 39.88 111965 2.40 12.04 2.57 12.88 8.15 40.90 131970 3.88 15.97 3.73 15.32 11.19 46.00 181975 12.67 37.74 8.85 26.36 23.45 69.86 441976 13.40 37.75 11.57 32.61 24.37 68.68 491977 13.91 36.84 15.82 41.91 25.79 68.31 551978 14.65 36.26 18.18 44.99 28.60 70.80 611979 18.55 42.39 24.16 55.20 39.45 90.16 821980 20.45 42.83 32.09 67.19 67.93 142.26 1201981 21.75 41.64 39.51 75.66 99.40 190.32 1601982 22.84 41.22 45.71 82.49 90.03 162.47 1581983 20.32 35.27 43.73 75.92 83.05 144.17 1471984 22.94 38.39 48.69 81.47 84.10 140.72 1551985 22.27 36.16 43.35 70.40 78.88 128.11 1441986 21.18 33.65 32.71 51.97 39.63 62.98 931987 21.20 32.73 29.11 44.95 46.93 72.46 971988 20.97 31.31 30.28 45.21 37.48 55.95 881989 21.40 30.78 30.58 43.99 44.07 63.40 961990 22.39 31.01 31.80 44.04 53.77 74.48 1071991 21.40 28.63 30.39 40.65 44.77 59.89 961992 20.98 27.41 32.56 42.54 41.97 54.84 951993 18.77 23.99 38.72 49.50 35.61 45.52 931994 20.06 25.12 36.46 45.65 32.07 40.15 881995 19.45 23.86 30.24 37.08 35.00 42.93 841996 19.68 23.69 42.99 51.74 43.68 52.57 1061997 19.77 23.38 46.09 54.51 40.57 47.99 1061998 19.75 23.09 39.12 45.75 24.80 29.01 831999 18.30 21.09 43.37 49.99 33.40 38.50 952000 18.02 20.32 74.33 83.85 56.93 64.22 1492001 19.60 21.62 82.28 90.77 46.25 51.02 1482002 19.68 21.36 58.66 63.68 47.21 51.25 1252003 19.13 20.33 97.47 103.59 57.14 60.73 1732004 22.16 22.90 106.57 110.12 72.93 75.36 2012005 26.69 26.69 138.74 138.74 95.03 95.03 2602006 29.25 28.33 124.03 120.12 111.16 107.65 2642007 30.04 R28.26 126.23 R118.75 122.96 R115.68 2792008 36.62 R33.71 R168.33 R154.97 170.38 R156.86 R3752009 R35.73 R32.60 R79.18 R72.23 R110.25 R100.58 R2252010P 38.67 34.94 93.89 84.84 150.31 135.83 282

1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal

at the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" inGlossary.

2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas

Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First

Purchase Price" in Glossary.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domest

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepenWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2009 By Energy Type, 2009Prices3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2009 By Petroleum Product, 200972 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Gasoline Fuel Oil

$17.03 in 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

Prior to 2001, also includes non-biomass waste. 3 Based on nominal dollars.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and roa

lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, specineous petroleum products.

Source: Table 3.3.

Electricity

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

1518

21

24

Dollars1 per Million Btu

28.90

16.86

7.66

3.30 

Retail Petroleum Natural Bioma

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Gas 

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

048

12

1620

Index: 1970=1.00 Natural Gas

Petroleum

18.51

16.98 16.38

12.

Motor Distillate LPG Jet F

05

101520

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Nuclear Fuel

Coal

Biomass2

 4
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009

 (Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Primary Energy 2

Electric

Power

Sector 11,12

E

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 8 Total 9,10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 4 LPG 5

Motor

Gasoline 6

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 7 Total

1970 0.38 0.59 1.16 0.73 R1.43 2.85 0.42 1.38 R1.71 0.18 1.29 1.08 0.32 1971 .42 .63 1.22 .77 R1.46 2.90 .58 1.45 R1.78 .18 1.31 1.15 .38 1972 .45 .68 1.22 .79 R1.49 2.88 .62 1.49 1.78 .18 1.33 1.18 .42 1973 .48 .73 1.46 .92 R1.97 3.10 .75 1.58 1.97 .19 1.39 1.29 .47 1974 .88 .89 2.44 1.58 R2.77 4.32 1.82 2.60 R3.05 .20 1.50 1.94 .87 1975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05 R2.93 4.65 1.93 2.94 R3.34 .24 1.50 2.19 .97 1976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25 R3.16 4.84 1.90 3.08 R3.46 .25 1.53 2.34 1.03 1977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59 R3.61 5.13 2.14 3.27 3.73 .27 1.58 2.58 1.17 1978 1.27 1.95 3.26 2.87 R3.56 5.24 2.08 3.45 3.84 .30 1.61 2.71 1.27 1979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90 R4.46 7.11 2.83 4.70 5.23 .34 1.88 3.47 1.50 1980 1.46 2.86 6.70 6.36 R5.59 9.84 3.88 7.04 7.40 .43 2.26 4.57 1.77 1981 1.64 3.43 8.03 7.57 R6.13 10.94 4.91 8.67 8.68 .48 2.52 5.25 2.04 1982 1.73 4.23 7.78 7.23 R6.60 10.39 4.65 7.87 R8.39 .54 2.60 R5.32 2.05 1983 1.70 4.72 7.32 6.53 R7.11 9.12 4.50 7.60 7.77 .58 2.44 R5.11 2.02 1984 1.71 4.75 7.37 6.25 R6.88 8.89 4.75 7.72 7.68 .67 2.53 5.04 2.02 1985 1.69 4.61 7.22 5.91 6.55 9.01 4.30 7.55 7.63 .71 2.47 4.92 1.91 1986 1.62 4.07 5.68 3.92 R6.43 6.79 2.37 5.80 5.73 .70 2.12 3.97 1.60 1987 1.53 3.77 5.97 4.03 R6.05 7.23 2.86 5.63 6.04 .71 2.07 4.00 1.57 1988 1.50 3.78 5.83 3.80 R5.86 7.33 2.35 5.26 5.91 .73 2.09 3.89 1.49 1989 1.48 3.82 6.43 4.39 R5.51 8.02 2.72 5.50 6.43 .70 1.42 4.07 1.51 1990 1.49 3.82 7.68 5.68 R6.72 9.12 3.17 5.82 7.47 .67 1.32 R4.45 1.48 1991 1.48 3.74 7.29 4.83 R6.77 8.93 2.62 R5.73 R7.19 .63 1.39 R4.28 1.40 1992 1.45 3.83 7.09 4.52 R6.16 8.96 2.28 R5.51 7.07 .59 1.32 4.24 1.38 1993 1.42 4.10 7.08 4.29 R6.17 8.83 2.26 R5.49 R7.00 .56 1.28 R4.25 1.40 1994 1.39 4.08 6.99 3.95 R6.61 8.96 2.32 5.47 7.06 .56 1.39 4.27 1.36 1995 1.37 3.73 6.98 4.00 R6.51 9.22 2.46 5.74 R7.28 .54 1.40 4.23 1.29 1996 1.33 4.25 7.87 4.82 R7.98 9.85 2.80 R6.20 R8.01 .51 1.25 4.63 1.35 1997 1.32 4.53 7.66 4.53 R7.39 9.81 2.93 R5.89 7.86 .51 1.15 4.66 1.38 1998 1.29 4.13 6.57 3.35 R5.95 8.45 2.15 R5.02 R6.63 .50 1.27 4.08 1.32 1999 1.27 4.16 7.19 4.01 R6.60 9.31 2.51 5.30 7.33 .48 1.34 4.37 1.33 2000 1.24 5.62 9.86 6.64 R9.55 R11.89 4.32 R7.04 R9.82 .46 1.58 R5.70 1.71 2001 1.29 6.87 R9.18 5.72 R9.54 R11.34 3.99 R6.41 9.32 .44 2.08 5.83 1.85 2002 1.30 R5.31 R8.64 5.33 R8.09 R10.69 3.91 R6.59 R8.83 .43 2.19 R5.25 1.54 2003 1.32 R7.08 R10.05 6.46 R10.32 12.34 4.75 R7.62 10.31 .42 1.98 R6.28 1.84 2004 1.41 R7.91 R12.23 8.93 R12.24 R14.67 4.92 R8.56 R12.27 .42 2.17 R7.37 2.00 2005 1.62 9.92 R16.41 12.86 R14.58 R17.89 6.65 R10.98 R15.53 .43 3.10 R9.24 2.61 2006 1.78 9.62 R18.55 14.80 R16.85 20.27 7.93 R13.37 R17.92 .44 R3.15 R10.21 2.48 2007 1.88 R9.31 R19.87 16.01 R18.76 R22.01 R8.57 R14.94 R19.47 .46 R3.36 R10.75 2.68 2008 2.21 10.83 26.33 22.56 23.35 25.53 12.64 18.83 24.18 .47 3.71 12.93 3.21 2009 2.33 7.66 16.98 12.61 16.38 18.51 9.69 14.29 16.86 .55 3.30 9.37 2.44 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes

kerosene-type jet fuel only. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 7 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through

2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2009, coal coke

imports averaged 10.82 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 4.17 dollars per million Btu.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel

ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell e

heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in utilities and independent power producers.

12 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price for coal, natu

fuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.

13 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilit

other energy service providers.

14 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy and retail elec

sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes ensector.

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. • There ar

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-dSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2009

(June 2011), U.S. Table ET1. 
Figure 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009

By Sector Residential Sector by Major SourceCommercial Sector by Major Source Industrial Sector by Major Source74 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

22.13

20.69

17.54

11.04

Residential Commercial Transportation Industrial

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

33.72

21.49

Retail Petroleum 

0

10203040

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity 

13.75

6.48

Retail Petroleum Natural 

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

29.81

15.68

9.69

Retail Petroleum Natural

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

20.00

Electricity Gas Gas Electricity

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 

Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent pri

they include taxes where data are available. • There are no geothermal, wind, or solar energy. 

Source: Table 3.4.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009

 (Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6,7 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 8

Retail

Electricity 3 

1970 1.06 R1.54 6.51 2.10 0.75 R0.91 6.09 R1.97 0.45 0.38 0.98 1.59 2.99 1971 1.12 R1.59 6.80 2.24 .80 R1.02 6.44 R2.15 .50 .41 1.05 1.59 3.22 1972 1.18 R1.62 7.09 2.37 .86 R1.05 6.71 R2.32 .55 .46 1.05 1.59 3.40 1973 1.26 R2.08 7.44 R2.71 .91 R1.21 7.06 R2.55 .63 .50 1.18 1.60 3.66 1974 1.42 R2.85 9.09 3.38 1.05 R2.26 8.91 3.41 1.22 .67 2.24 1.60 4.95 1975 1.67 R3.01 10.29 R3.80 1.32 R2.40 10.11 R4.07 1.50 .95 2.46 1.60 6.07 1976 1.94 R3.23 10.93 R4.12 1.61 R2.50 10.82 R4.38 1.50 1.21 2.57 1.60 6.48 1977 2.30 R3.64 11.87 R4.76 2.00 R2.85 11.99 R5.12 1.56 1.48 2.84 1.59 7.33 1978 2.52 R3.76 12.63 5.13 2.20 R2.93 12.78 R5.50 1.73 1.66 2.96 1.60 8.18 1979 2.92 R5.31 13.60 R5.99 2.69 4.15 13.72 6.28 1.75 1.96 3.99 1.60 8.94 1980 3.60 R7.24 15.71 7.46 3.32 5.64 16.06 R7.83 1.87 2.52 5.75 1.67 10.81 1981 4.19 R8.66 18.17 8.82 3.91 R6.97 18.44 R9.48 2.06 3.07 6.84 1.67 12.57 1982 5.05 R8.65 20.11 9.78 4.70 6.65 20.11 R10.35 2.09 3.80 6.51 1.67 14.51 1983 5.88 R8.37 21.04 10.66 5.43 R6.52 20.57 R10.92 1.91 4.10 6.57 1.67 14.54 1984 5.95 R8.43 20.96 10.66 5.40 R6.50 20.89 R11.13 1.91 4.13 6.56 1.67 14.16 1985 5.94 R8.13 21.66 10.91 5.34 R6.50 21.30 R11.64 1.90 3.87 6.29 1.67 14.57 1986 5.67 R6.76 21.75 10.75 4.94 R4.46 21.10 R11.21 1.80 3.20 4.92 1.65 14.45 1987 5.39 R6.57 21.82 10.71 4.64 R4.77 20.44 R10.97 1.67 2.88 4.96 1.65 13.98 1988 5.32 R6.56 21.92 10.66 4.51 R4.52 20.34 10.82 1.68 2.90 4.62 1.65 13.78 1989 5.47 R7.52 22.41 11.02 4.61 R5.11 20.77 R11.26 1.68 2.93 4.69 1.20 13.85 1990 5.63 R8.66 22.96 R11.87 4.70 R6.07 21.20 R11.88 1.69 2.95 5.48 .99 13.92 1991 5.66 R8.44 23.57 12.08 4.69 R5.63 21.73 12.07 1.67 2.80 5.31 1.14 14.18 1992 5.73 R7.76 24.06 11.98 4.75 R5.40 22.15 R12.16 1.69 2.91 5.00 1.13 14.18 1993 5.99 R7.60 24.40 12.28 5.08 R5.18 22.40 R12.56 1.63 3.12 R4.92 1.12 14.22 1994 6.23 R7.68 24.57 R12.62 5.35 R5.08 22.35 R12.73 1.62 3.09 5.04 1.15 14.00 1995 5.89 R7.61 24.63 R12.62 4.94 R5.18 22.29 R12.63 1.63 2.80 5.20 1.21 13.68 1996 6.16 R8.79 24.50 R12.72 5.26 R6.23 22.17 R12.77 1.62 3.30 R6.05 1.01 13.49 1997 6.75 R8.77 24.71 13.29 5.67 R6.16 22.03 R13.04 1.62 3.53 R5.69 1.01 13.29 1998 6.61 R7.70 24.21 R13.47 5.38 R5.14 21.48 R13.06 1.58 3.16 R4.53 1.24 13.13 1999 6.50 R7.94 23.93 R13.18 5.22 R5.62 21.01 R12.86 1.58 3.21 R5.08 1.38 12.98 2000 7.64 R11.36 24.14 R14.26 6.56 R8.36 21.52 R13.92 1.55 4.61 R7.30 1.43 13.60 2001 9.42 R11.46 25.16 R15.67 8.32 R7.96 22.99 15.56 1.63 5.71 R6.77 1.95 14.78 2002 R7.69 R10.20 24.75 R14.69 6.49 R7.23 22.81 R14.67 1.75 R4.47 R6.46 2.11 14.30 2003 R9.24 R12.09 25.56 15.85 R8.07 R8.71 23.54 R15.64 1.74 R6.20 R7.81 1.62 14.97 2004 R10.47 R13.59 26.22 R17.06 R9.19 R10.27 23.95 R16.57 1.99 R7.02 R9.36 1.79 15.38 2005 12.34 R17.10 27.68 R19.20 R10.98 R13.68 25.40 R18.61 2.56 R9.08 R11.93 2.73 16.77 2006 R13.35 R19.66 30.49 R21.54 R11.60 R16.09 27.72 R20.65 2.83 R8.76 R14.25 R2.66 18.02 2007 R12.72 R21.65 31.22 R21.62 R10.98 R17.73 28.27 R20.75 R2.92 8.28 R15.82 R2.53 18.71 2008 13.52 26.53 33.01 23.13 11.89 23.31 30.38 22.47 3.51 10.06 20.35 2.85 19.96 2009 11.81 21.49 33.72 22.13 9.69 15.68 29.81 20.69 3.87 6.48 13.75 2.64 20.00 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,

other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal, and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed. 

Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum

data for those years.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; exclude

2000, also includes non-biomass waste. 9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separa

10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not 

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. 

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/stateSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energ

(June 2011), U.S. Tables ET3-ET6. 
Figure 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2009 By Energy Type, 2009Expenditures3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2009 By Petroleum Product, 200976 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.3 Based on nominal dollars.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubr

petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous 

Source: Table 3.5.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas

$1,061 billion in 2009

578

350

159

46

Petroleum Retail Natural Coa

0

100200300400500600700

Billion Dollars1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

10152025

Index: 1970=1.00

Gasoline 

Retail

Electricity

317

131

43 36

Motor Distillate LPG Jet F

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Dollars1

Petroleum

Natural

Gas

 4

Coal

Fuel Oil
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009

 (Million Dollars 1

)

Year

Primary Energy 2

Electric

Power

Sector 11,12

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 3

Natural

Gas 4

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 9 Total 10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5 LPG 6

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 8 Total

1970 4,630 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441 R2,395 31,596 2,046 4,172 R47,904 44 438 R63,872 -4,357 1971 4,902 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582 R2,483 33,478 2,933 4,449 R51,816 73 446 R69,312 -5,491 1972 5,415 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682 R2,834 35,346 3,458 4,777 R55,648 104 476 R74,893 -6,551 1973 6,243 7 13,933 9,524 2,001 R3,833 39,667 4,667 5,318 R65,009 177 502 R86,005 -7,952 1974 11,118 150 16,380 15,217 3,208 R5,200 54,194 10,547 8,284 R96,651 259 544 R125,269 -14,558 1975 13,021 82 20,061 15,680 4,193 R5,157 59,446 10,374 8,493 R103,343 448 534 R137,638 -16,545 1976 14,051 44 25,097 18,402 4,567 R5,917 64,977 11,648 9,925 R115,437 520 622 R155,927 -19,078 1977 15,416 67 29,602 22,004 5,517 R6,735 70,591 14,381 11,790 R131,017 743 694 R177,862 -23,715 1978 17,551 362 33,185 23,587 6,205 R6,543 74,513 13,747 13,348 R137,944 915 782 R191,118 -26,125 1979 20,376 259 40,785 32,854 8,603 R9,299 95,916 17,656 18,785 R183,113 941 964 R246,879 -31,472 1980 22,607 -78 51,061 40,797 13,923 R10,823 124,408 21,573 26,049 R237,573 1,189 1,232 R314,176 -38,027 1981 26,159 -31 60,544 48,200 15,607 R11,798 138,138 22,668 28,571 R264,983 1,436 1,429 R355,594 -44,274 1982 26,349 -52 68,292 44,087 14,974 R12,820 130,305 17,632 22,447 R242,267 1,684 1,510 R341,288 -42,354 1983 26,987 -44 72,000 41,846 13,979 R13,962 115,803 14,099 21,573 R221,261 1,859 1,517 R325,126 -42,566 1984 29,025 -22 77,169 44,668 15,097 R14,037 114,429 14,410 22,812 R225,451 2,384 1,608 R337,300 -44,686 1985 29,678 -34 72,938 43,972 14,747 R13,580 118,048 11,493 22,088 R223,929 2,878 1,597 R332,913 -43,970 1986 27,855 -40 59,702 35,113 10,505 R12,711 91,529 7,486 17,647 R174,990 3,061 1,352 R268,609 -37,016 1987 27,532 7 58,019 37,729 11,448 R12,835 99,864 8,062 17,687 R187,625 3,378 1,300 R279,951 -38,182 1988 28,333 116 61,089 38,776 11,318 R12,771 103,323 7,259 16,779 R190,225 4,057 1,378 R286,870 -38,553 1989 28,284 137 66,198 43,159 13,434 R12,108 112,720 8,357 17,060 R206,838 3,939 2,270 R309,018 -40,829 1990 28,602 22 65,278 49,335 17,784 R13,631 126,558 8,721 19,255 R235,284 4,104 1,997 R336,379 -40,626 1991 28,129 44 65,956 45,269 14,609 R14,882 123,118 6,784 R18,213 R222,875 4,073 2,165 R324,420 -38,752 1992 27,776 126 70,086 45,019 13,559 R14,096 125,249 5,585 R18,345 R221,853 3,802 2,194 R327,195 -38,663 1993 28,229 96 77,052 45,732 13,002 R13,882 126,560 5,449 R18,285 R222,910 3,597 2,193 R334,784 -40,317 1994 27,715 214 78,581 47,002 12,474 R16,243 130,068 5,296 R18,687 R229,770 3,777 2,521 R343,593 -40,352 1995 27,431 234 75,020 47,533 12,526 R16,197 136,647 4,676 R19,225 R236,803 3,810 2,938 R347,144 -39,073 1996 28,028 156 86,904 56,455 15,770 R21,086 148,344 5,313 R21,144 R268,112 3,624 2,668 R390,437 -41,652 1997 28,277 170 93,382 55,922 15,000 R19,781 149,668 5,206 R21,631 R267,208 3,369 2,425 R395,817 -42,947 1998 27,888 188 83,620 48,350 11,239 R15,241 132,730 4,280 R19,835 R231,675 3,555 2,477 R350,464 -43,311 1999 27,310 140 84,960 54,565 13,878 R19,038 149,260 4,686 R21,250 R262,676 3,643 2,659 R382,668 -44,689 2000 28,080 146 119,094 R78,209 23,777 R27,970 R192,153 8,870 R26,496 R357,475 3,628 3,194 R514,398 -60,054 2001 28,202 82 139,388 R75,035 19,602 R25,543 R185,752 7,266 R23,097 R336,294 3,524 3,494 R513,673 -64,672 2002 28,511 180 111,368 R69,285 17,802 R22,980 R179,796 6,156 R24,167 R320,185 3,504 4,005 R468,877 -54,230 2003 29,402 169 144,489 R83,873 21,096 R28,161 R209,493 8,325 R28,061 R379,010 3,362 3,599 R561,401 -64,685 2004 31,764 1,125 162,702 R105,772 30,219 R34,408 R254,873 9,717 R35,212 R470,200 3,445 3,692 R674,543 -71,720 2005 36,932 633 200,303 R143,598 44,679 R38,874 R312,047 13,951 R44,136 R597,285 3,469 5,896 R847,031 -95,975 2006 40,005 509 190,382 R164,399 50,007 R45,355 R357,286 12,432 R52,986 R682,465 3,637 R6,108 R925,627 -90,104 2007 R42,717 347 R196,868 R177,172 53,754 R51,081 R389,282 R14,129 R55,211 R740,628 3,871 R6,404 R994,035 R-100,719 2008 49,438 1,465 230,305 221,435 72,046 59,875 438,237 17,984 61,417 870,993 3,976 6,926 1,166,660 -118,545 2009 45,824 -42 159,235 131,050 36,353 43,466 317,088 11,310 39,228 578,496 4,560 5,083 795,310 -84,496 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"

and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive fromBureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, FT600 series. 4 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includeskerosene-type jet fuel only. 6 Liquefied petroleum gases. 7 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleumcoke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products. 9 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel

ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry

Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricit

public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, dindependent power producers.

12 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural gas, petroleu

and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will sum to the "T

13 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by elec

1996, other energy service providers.

14 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by the four 

commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures for energy 

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are available. • The

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not equal tindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sedsSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 20

(June 2011), U.S. Table ET1. 
Figure 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009

By Sector Residential Sector by Major Source2Commercial Sector by Major Source3 Industrial Sector by Major Source478 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

461

241

184 175

Transportation Residential Industrial Commercial

0

100200300400500

Billion Dollars1

157

58

Retail Electricity Natural Gas 

0

50

100150200

Billion Dollars1

81

60

36

Petroleum Retail Natural 

0

255075

100

Billion Dollars1

133

31

11

Retail Natural Petroleum

0

255075

100125150

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas Electricity Gas

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Expenditures for coal and wood and wood-derived fuels are not displayed.3 Expenditures for coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste are not displayed.4 Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.5 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

Notes: • Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation se

direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solathe sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Table 3.6.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009

 (Million Dollars 1

)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6,7 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 8

Retail

Electricity 3 

1970 5,272 R4,186 10,352 R20,112 1,844 R1,440 7,319 R10,678 2,082 2,625 6,069 366 5,624 1971 5,702 R4,367 11,589 R21,934 2,060 R1,574 8,301 R12,021 1,971 3,019 6,663 374 6,256 1972 6,223 R4,623 13,034 R24,095 2,289 R1,653 9,443 R13,464 2,212 3,335 7,180 404 7,173 1973 6,282 R5,801 14,712 R26,981 2,421 R1,936 10,707 R15,149 2,527 3,936 8,600 425 8,284 1974 6,949 R7,235 17,924 R32,405 2,741 R3,290 13,373 R19,579 4,704 4,971 15,408 421 11,184 1975 8,410 R7,422 20,644 R36,771 3,385 R3,219 16,157 R22,956 5,498 5,844 15,544 386 13,760 1976 9,992 R8,679 22,621 R41,607 4,379 R3,739 18,148 R26,447 5,448 7,484 18,384 443 16,083 1977 11,324 R9,668 26,132 R47,490 5,094 R4,411 21,023 R30,725 5,360 8,958 22,190 464 18,956 1978 12,565 R9,728 29,069 R51,752 5,812 R4,350 23,166 R33,563 5,722 10,114 23,203 511 21,798 1979 14,772 R11,067 31,683 R58,058 7,623 R5,659 25,433 R38,944 6,247 12,110 33,705 512 24,797 1980 17,497 R12,451 38,458 R69,174 8,858 R7,409 30,611 R47,074 5,888 16,350 42,765 529 28,863 1981 19,502 R13,127 44,780 R78,363 10,085 R7,794 37,484 R55,629 6,441 20,432 47,171 558 34,007 1982 23,987 R12,262 50,045 R87,354 12,565 R6,865 41,759 R61,503 5,301 20,504 41,841 540 35,364 1983 26,564 R11,165 53,918 R92,627 13,602 R7,592 43,529 R65,028 4,735 21,461 38,437 610 37,017 1984 27,873 R12,758 55,777 R97,496 14,012 R7,948 47,304 R69,593 5,420 23,763 41,470 622 39,050 1985 27,136 R12,570 58,672 R99,448 13,368 R6,996 50,092 R70,725 5,252 21,615 38,876 619 40,190 1986 25,147 R10,301 60,776 R97,040 11,770 R5,166 51,449 R68,637 4,745 16,479 30,567 639 39,271 1987 23,926 R10,525 63,318 R98,501 11,601 R5,377 51,900 R69,098 4,448 15,909 31,092 636 39,109 1988 25,332 R10,873 66,793 R103,772 12,377 R4,950 54,411 R71,969 4,744 17,257 29,123 662 40,507 1989 26,951 R12,364 69,243 R109,395 12,908 R5,293 57,460 R75,911 4,650 18,770 28,561 1,323 42,255 1990 25,439 R11,907 72,378 R110,696 12,681 R5,986 60,627 R79,605 4,636 19,348 34,132 906 43,358 1991 26,508 R11,469 76,828 R115,765 13,175 R5,224 63,407 R82,098 4,332 18,912 R32,494 1,034 44,201 R1992 27,599 R10,820 76,848 R116,187 13,685 R4,796 64,233 R83,007 4,245 20,553 R32,208 1,079 45,474 R1993 30,533 R10,758 82,814 R124,908 14,967 R4,209 67,626 R87,095 4,060 22,367 R31,518 1,146 45,726 R1994 31,028 R10,656 84,552 R126,962 15,927 R4,162 69,637 R90,010 4,060 22,556 R33,612 1,279 46,257 R1995 29,362 R10,289 87,610 R127,961 15,383 R3,956 72,481 R92,106 4,068 21,487 R34,177 1,699 45,402 R1996 33,219 R12,796 90,503 R137,340 17,106 R4,879 74,121 R96,414 3,943 26,167 R40,853 1,432 46,102 R1997 34,590 R12,239 90,704 R138,201 18,755 R4,531 77,153 R100,758 3,887 28,411 R39,886 1,435 45,610 R1998 30,875 R9,852 93,360 R134,602 16,667 R3,575 78,999 R99,492 3,566 24,515 R32,143 1,600 45,634 R1999 31,577 R11,397 93,482 R137,012 16,351 R3,931 79,141 R99,681 3,457 24,079 R36,966 1,786 45,429 R2000 38,959 R17,283 98,209 R155,319 21,339 R6,674 85,129 R113,423 3,507 34,624 R52,066 1,888 47,859 R2001 46,189 R17,169 103,158 R167,241 25,879 R6,225 93,402 R125,790 3,572 38,597 R47,173 2,216 48,519 R2002 38,490 R14,549 106,834 R160,542 20,926 R5,187 93,763 R120,164 3,526 31,031 R45,685 2,592 46,606 R2003 48,278 R18,010 111,249 R178,374 26,411 R7,137 96,263 R130,132 3,552 41,168 R54,228 1,935 49,962 R2004 52,265 R20,264 115,577 R189,080 29,518 R8,233 100,546 R138,694 4,064 47,322 R71,052 1,919 51,491 R2005 61,196 R24,320 128,393 R215,186 33,838 R10,331 110,522 R155,164 5,004 55,247 R88,285 3,451 56,229 R22006 59,834 R23,531 140,582 R225,277 33,736 R10,563 122,914 R167,628 5,405 52,363 R106,621 R3,483 59,764 R22007 R61,598 R26,468 148,295 R237,970 R34,005 R11,410 128,903 R174,797 R5,439 R51,037 R113,491 R3,155 62,934 R22008 67,851 32,071 155,433 257,448 38,476 14,996 138,469 192,541 6,290 61,743 131,958 3,375 65,840 22009 57,839 24,425 157,008 240,768 31,012 10,587 132,940 175,027 5,388 36,381 80,583 2,277 59,662 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed. 

Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum

data for those years.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through

2000, also includes non-biomass waste. 9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately 

10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not sep

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are available. 

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy 

(June 2011), U.S. Tables ET3-ET6. 
Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports

Total, 1949-2010 By Fuel, 1949-2010By Fuel, 201080 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 

3 Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.7.

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

100200300400500

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

Petroleum

Products

260

73

17

2

Crude Petroleum Natural Coal and

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Nominal Dollars2

Oil Products Gas Coal Coke
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil 1 Petroleum Products 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 

1949 (s) 0.02 (s) 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.30 2.10 0.14 0.95 1950 (s) .02 .01 .04 .00 .00 .37 2.52 .21 1.47 1955 (s) .02 (s) .01 (s) .01 .65 3.95 .44 2.66 1960 (s) .01 (s) .01 .03 .15 .90 4.81 .73 3.93 1965 (s) .01 (s) .01 .11 .53 1.12 5.62 .92 4.64 1970 (s) (s) (s) .01 .26 1.06 1.26 5.18 1.48 6.10 1975 .02 .06 .16 .47 1.15 3.43 18.29 54.50 6.77 20.17 1976 .02 .05 .11 .31 1.66 4.68 25.46 71.73 6.65 18.74 1977 .04 .10 .13 .35 2.00 5.30 33.59 88.98 8.42 22.30 1978 .07 .18 .41 1.01 2.06 5.10 32.30 79.95 7.30 18.08 1979 .05 .12 .34 .78 3.13 7.14 46.06 105.25 10.45 23.88 1980 .03 .06 .05 .11 4.21 8.82 61.90 129.63 12.54 26.26 1981 .03 .06 .04 .08 4.41 8.45 61.46 117.68 14.30 27.38 1982 .02 .04 .01 .02 4.69 8.47 45.72 82.52 13.86 25.02 1983 .04 .07 (s) (s) 4.39 7.62 36.49 63.35 14.84 25.76 1984 .05 .08 .05 .08 3.44 5.75 36.44 60.98 17.87 29.89 1985 .07 .11 .04 .07 3.05 4.95 32.90 53.43 17.47 28.37 1986 .08 .13 .03 .04 1.82 2.90 22.61 35.92 12.18 19.35 1987 .06 .09 .05 .08 1.93 2.98 29.13 44.98 12.37 19.09 1988 .06 .10 .19 .29 2.38 3.55 27.55 41.12 12.43 18.56 1989 .10 .14 .22 .31 2.51 3.60 35.53 51.11 13.50 19.42 1990 .09 .13 .07 .10 2.97 4.12 43.78 60.64 16.90 23.41 1991 .11 .15 .09 .12 3.24 4.33 36.90 49.36 13.17 17.62 1992 .13 .17 .14 .19 3.96 5.17 38.55 50.37 11.98 15.66 1993 .25 .32 .17 .21 4.77 6.10 38.47 49.18 11.74 15.01 1994 .27 .34 .27 .34 4.90 6.14 38.48 48.18 11.14 13.95 1995 .32 .40 .33 .40 4.23 5.19 42.81 52.51 9.95 12.20 1996 .27 .33 .24 .29 5.79 6.97 54.93 66.11 15.27 18.38 1997 .26 .30 .25 .30 6.50 7.68 54.23 64.13 516.93 520.02 1998 .28 .33 .29 .34 6.21 7.26 37.25 43.56 13.01 15.22 1999 .28 .32 .23 .26 8.03 9.26 50.89 58.65 16.28 18.77 2000 .38 .42 .25 .28 14.94 16.85 89.88 101.39 29.38 33.14 2001 .67 .74 .19 .21 17.62 19.44 74.29 81.96 28.45 31.39 2002 .60 .65 .24 .27 12.61 13.69 79.25 86.03 23.52 25.53 2003 .79 .84 .24 .25 20.39 21.67 101.80 108.18 30.64 32.56 2004 1.02 1.06 1.23 1.27 24.74 25.57 136.03 140.57 43.24 44.68 2005 1.42 1.42 .78 .78 35.25 35.25 182.94 182.94 67.12 67.12 2006 1.78 1.72 .64 .62 28.80 27.89 225.16 218.05 74.56 72.21 2007 1.73 1.63 .48 .45 31.65 R29.78 245.77 R231.21 81.85 R77.00 2008 2.05 R1.88 1.68 1.54 R34.66 R31.91 353.54 R325.48 96.31 R88.67 R2009 1.45 1.32 .09 .08 R15.72 R14.34 R194.60 R177.53 57.23 R52.21 R2010 P1.39 P1.26 P.40 P.36 E16.89 E15.26 P260.13 P235.07 P73.23 P66.17 P

1 Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 2 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data. 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports o

FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Mercha• 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption and and 1973—Federal Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and ExpoExports of LNG. • 1974-1977—FPC, United States Imports and Export• 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Impoannual reports. • 1982-2008—EIA, Natural Gas Month• 2009—EIA, NGM (April 2011), Table 4. • 2010—EIA estimate based oU.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. Crude O• 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchan• 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchand• 1964-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption, FT1the Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "ExGoods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
Figure 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports

Total, 1949-2010 By Fuel, 1949-2010By Fuel, 201082 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

63

10

6

2

Petroleum Coal Natural Crude Oil

0

10203040506070

Billion Nominal Dollars2

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke. 

Source: Table 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1020304050607080

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

Coal

Gas and

Coal Coke

Products
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 0.30 2.05 0.01 0.06 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.68 0.46 3.19 1950 .27 1.84 .01 .04 (s) .02 .10 .70 .39 2.69 1955 .48 2.92 .01 .05 .01 .04 .04 .23 .60 3.61 1960 .35 1.90 .01 .04 (s) .02 .01 .04 .47 2.51 1965 .48 2.39 .02 .08 .01 .04 (s) .02 .44 2.21 1970 .96 3.95 .08 .32 .03 .12 .02 .08 .50 2.06 1975 3.26 9.71 .07 .22 .09 .27 (s) (s) 1.01 3.00 1976 2.91 8.20 .07 .19 .10 .28 .03 .08 1.07 3.01 1977 2.66 7.03 .07 .19 .11 .28 .21 .55 1.14 3.01 1978 2.05 5.07 .05 .12 .11 .28 .39 .96 1.23 3.05 1979 3.40 7.76 .08 .18 .13 .29 .39 .90 1.58 3.62 1980 4.63 9.69 .13 .27 .23 .48 .75 1.57 2.12 4.44 1981 5.92 11.33 .07 .14 .35 .67 .58 1.10 3.24 6.20 1982 5.99 10.81 .06 .11 .30 .54 .47 .85 5.86 10.58 1983 4.06 7.04 .05 .08 .28 .48 .22 .39 4.88 8.47 1984 4.13 6.91 .07 .12 .27 .45 .19 .31 4.62 7.72 1985 4.47 7.25 .08 .12 .26 .43 .23 .37 4.90 7.95 1986 3.93 6.24 .07 .10 .17 .27 .12 .19 3.77 5.98 1987 3.40 5.26 .05 .07 .17 .26 .13 .19 3.80 5.86 1988 4.01 5.99 .08 .12 .20 .30 .08 .12 2.72 4.07 1989 4.29 6.17 .08 .12 .27 .39 .21 .30 2.65 3.82 1990 4.51 6.25 .05 .07 .27 .37 .14 .19 4.23 5.86 1991 4.62 6.18 .05 .07 .33 .45 .03 .04 4.65 6.22 1992 4.24 5.54 .04 .06 .49 .64 .03 .04 4.27 5.58 1993 3.09 3.95 .06 .08 .36 .46 .02 .03 4.15 5.30 1994 2.85 3.57 .04 .05 .40 .51 .05 .06 3.36 4.21 1995 3.57 4.37 .05 .06 .37 .45 .01 .01 3.56 4.37 1996 3.69 4.44 .06 .07 .46 .55 .56 .67 4.25 5.12 1997 3.39 4.01 .05 .06 .47 .56 1.04 1.23 47.55 48.93 1998 3.04 3.55 .04 .05 .39 .46 .90 1.05 5.68 6.64 1999 2.13 2.46 .03 .03 .43 .49 .77 .89 6.35 7.31 2000 2.04 2.30 .05 .06 1.00 1.13 .46 .52 9.73 10.97 2001 1.80 1.98 .11 .12 1.56 1.73 .19 .21 8.68 9.58 2002 1.60 1.74 .06 .07 1.76 1.91 .09 .10 8.65 9.39 2003 1.55 1.64 .07 .07 3.77 4.00 .16 .17 10.05 10.68 2004 2.60 2.68 .11 .11 5.20 5.38 .28 .29 12.85 13.28 2005 3.35 3.35 .15 .15 5.53 5.53 .60 .60 18.56 18.56 2006 3.52 3.41 .13 .12 4.94 4.79 .85 .83 27.32 26.46 2007 4.16 3.91 .13 .12 5.69 R5.35 1.02 R.95 32.28 R30.37 2008 7.96 R7.33 .21 .19 R8.26 R7.61 2.27 2.09 59.43 R54.71 2009 5.99 R5.47 .14 .12 R4.79 R4.37 1.62 1.48 R42.89 R39.13 2010 P9.84 P8.89 P.24 P.22 E5.70 E5.15 P1.38 P1.25 P63.16 P57.07 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the

50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.

Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FTPower Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural G• 1974-1977—FPC, United States Imports and Exports of • 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imannual reports. • 1982-2008—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), mo(April 2011), Table 4. • 2010—EIA estimate based on volume and revEnergy, Office of Fossil Energy. Crude Oil and Petroleum ProducCensus, U.S. Exports, FT410. • 1989 forward—Bureau of the CenMerchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of GoGroupings," December issues.
Figure 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2010

Value of Fossil Fuel Net ImportsValue of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel84 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 Includes small amounts of coal coke.

Note: Negative net imports indicate that the value of ex

imports. 

Source: Table 3.9.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-50

0

50

100150200250300350400

-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-50

0

50

100150200250300350400

-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

Coal2

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and

Petroleum Products
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 -0.29 -2.04 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 1.42 -0.32 -2.24 1950 -.27 -1.82 (s) -.01 (s) -.02 .27 1.82 -.18 -1.23 1955 -.48 -2.91 -.01 -.04 -.01 -.03 .62 3.71 -.16 -.95 1960 -.35 -1.89 -.01 -.03 .02 .13 .89 4.77 .26 1.42 1965 -.48 -2.39 -.01 -.07 .10 .49 1.11 5.60 .48 2.43 1970 -.96 -3.95 -.08 -.31 .23 .94 1.24 5.11 .98 4.03 1975 -3.24 -9.64 .08 .24 1.06 3.16 18.29 54.50 5.76 17.17 1976 -2.89 -8.15 .04 .12 1.56 4.39 25.43 71.65 5.58 15.73 1977 -2.62 -6.93 .06 .16 1.89 5.02 33.38 88.43 7.28 19.28 1978 -1.98 -4.89 .36 .89 1.95 4.82 31.91 78.98 6.07 15.03 1979 -3.35 -7.65 .26 .59 3.00 6.85 45.66 104.35 8.87 20.26 1980 -4.60 -9.63 -.08 -.16 3.98 8.34 61.15 128.06 10.42 21.82 1981 -5.89 -11.27 -.03 -.06 4.06 7.78 60.88 116.57 11.06 21.18 1982 -5.97 -10.77 -.05 -.09 4.39 7.93 45.25 81.67 8.00 14.44 1983 -4.01 -6.97 -.04 -.08 4.11 7.13 36.27 62.96 9.96 17.30 1984 -4.09 -6.84 -.02 -.04 3.17 5.30 36.26 60.67 13.25 22.17 1985 -4.39 -7.14 -.03 -.06 2.79 4.52 32.68 53.07 12.57 20.41 1986 -3.85 -6.12 -.04 -.06 1.65 2.62 22.49 35.74 8.42 13.37 1987 -3.35 -5.17 .01 .01 1.76 2.72 29.00 44.78 8.57 13.23 1988 -3.95 -5.89 .12 .17 2.18 3.25 27.47 41.01 9.71 14.49 1989 -4.19 -6.03 .14 .20 2.24 3.22 35.32 50.81 10.85 15.60 1990 -4.42 -6.12 .02 .03 2.71 3.75 43.65 60.45 12.67 17.55 1991 -4.51 -6.03 .04 .06 2.90 3.88 36.87 49.32 8.52 11.39 1992 -4.11 -5.37 .10 .13 3.47 4.54 38.52 50.33 7.72 10.08 1993 -2.83 -3.62 .11 .14 4.41 5.64 38.45 49.15 7.59 9.70 1994 -2.58 -3.23 .23 .29 4.50 5.63 38.43 48.12 7.78 9.74 1995 -3.24 -3.98 .27 .34 3.86 4.73 42.81 52.50 6.39 7.83 1996 -3.41 -4.11 .18 .22 5.33 6.42 54.37 65.44 11.01 13.26 1997 -3.13 -3.70 .20 .23 6.02 7.12 53.19 62.90 49.37 411.09 1998 -2.75 -3.22 .25 .29 5.82 6.81 36.36 42.52 7.33 8.58 1999 -1.85 -2.14 .20 .23 7.61 8.76 50.12 57.76 9.94 11.45 2000 -1.66 -1.88 .20 .23 13.94 15.72 89.41 100.86 19.65 22.16 2001 -1.13 -1.24 .08 .09 16.05 17.71 74.11 81.75 19.77 21.81 2002 -1.00 -1.09 .18 .20 10.85 11.78 79.16 85.93 14.87 16.14 2003 -.76 -.81 .17 .18 16.62 17.66 101.64 108.01 20.59 21.88 2004 -1.57 -1.63 1.12 1.16 19.54 20.19 135.75 140.28 30.38 31.40 2005 -1.93 -1.93 .63 .63 29.72 29.72 182.35 182.35 48.56 48.56 2006 -1.74 -1.69 .51 .49 23.86 23.10 224.30 217.23 47.24 45.75 2007 -2.42 -2.28 .35 .33 25.96 R24.42 244.76 R230.26 49.57 R46.63 2008 -5.92 -5.45 1.47 1.35 R26.40 R24.30 351.27 R323.39 36.89 R33.96 2009 -4.55 R-4.15 -.04 -.04 R10.92 R9.97 R192.99 R176.06 R14.34 R13.08 2010 P-8.45 P-7.64 P.16 P.14 E11.19 E10.11 P258.74 P233.82 P10.07 P9.10 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 Notes: • Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus s

greater than the value of imports. • Totals may not equal srounding. • Data on this table may not equal data on Tabindependent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 3.7 and 3.8.
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production Dry Natural Gas Production Coal Productionby Major Energy Companies, 1974-2009 by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2009 by Major Energy CompMajor Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Total Production, Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Refin1974-2009 1974-200986 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).

See http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.

Source: Table 3.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Barrels per Day

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

15

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 198

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

Dry Natural Gas

Note: Exin 1998 F

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0

255075

100

Percent

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040506070

Percent Uranium

Coal

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2009

Year

Production 

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids 1 Dry Natural Gas 1 Coal 2 Uranium Capacity 3 

Million Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Pounds 5

Percent of

U.S. Total 6

Million Barrels

per Day

Percen

U.S. Tot

1974 5.9 56.0 11.6 56.1 87.4 14.3 NA NA 13.3 88.8 1975 5.6 56.1 11.0 57.4 88.1 13.5 4.3 18.6 13.4 88.2 1976 5.4 55.7 10.6 55.6 89.0 13.0 3.3 13.0 14.2 86.7 1977 5.5 55.3 10.3 53.6 89.1 12.8 16.0 53.4 14.6 85.6 1978 5.8 56.8 10.1 52.7 85.5 12.8 17.3 46.8 14.8 84.7 1979 5.7 56.3 9.9 50.3 123.3 15.8 16.7 44.7 14.4 79.9 1980 5.7 56.1 9.3 47.7 142.3 17.2 19.0 43.5 15.1 81.0 1981 5.7 55.8 9.2 47.8 154.8 18.8 14.5 37.7 14.6 81.4 1982 5.7 55.9 8.3 46.7 195.2 23.3 9.2 34.2 13.6 80.9 1983 5.6 55.1 7.4 45.8 185.2 23.7 6.6 31.4 13.0 80.6 1984 5.7 54.3 7.9 45.5 226.0 25.2 4.1 27.8 12.8 81.6 1985 5.8 54.9 7.3 44.6 230.4 26.1 2.1 18.9 12.6 81.6 1986 5.7 56.0 7.1 44.5 227.6 25.6 1.6 12.1 12.5 80.5 1987 5.7 57.0 7.2 43.4 255.3 27.8 NA NA 12.5 78.3 1988 5.5 56.2 7.7 45.1 285.3 30.0 NA NA 12.3 78.4 1989 5.2 57.2 7.5 43.2 286.9 29.3 NA NA 11.5 73.8 1990 5.0 55.8 7.6 42.6 282.0 27.4 NA NA 11.4 72.5 1991 5.0 54.9 7.5 42.4 289.6 29.1 NA NA 11.2 71.4 1992 4.8 53.9 7.9 44.2 251.9 25.3 .0 .0 11.0 72.4 1993 4.5 52.1 7.7 42.3 197.3 20.9 .0 .0 10.7 71.3 1994 4.4 52.1 8.0 42.5 179.7 17.4 .0 .0 10.6 69.0 1995 4.3 51.7 8.1 43.3 165.4 16.0 .0 .0 10.4 68.0 1996 4.2 50.5 8.2 43.4 169.4 15.9 .0 .0 10.5 67.8 1997 4.0 48.3 8.3 43.9 163.3 15.0 .0 .0 9.4 59.9 1998 3.8 47.5 8.4 44.1 73.9 6.6 .0 .0 814.3 887.8 1999 3.6 46.3 8.0 42.4 44.0 4.0 .0 .0 14.2 85.7 2000 3.5 44.8 8.3 43.5 34.6 3.2 .0 .0 14.4 86.9 2001 3.7 48.7 8.8 45.1 31.3 2.8 .0 .0 15.2 90.3 2002 3.7 48.4 8.7 46.0 27.8 2.5 .0 .0 14.2 84.7 2003 3.5 47.3 8.3 43.7 16.8 1.6 .0 .0 14.3 84.5 2004 3.3 45.7 8.2 44.0 18.1 1.6 .0 .0 14.4 84.1 2005 3.1 44.5 7.8 43.1 18.0 1.6 .0 .0 14.5 83.8 2006 2.9 43.1 7.9 42.8 NA NA .0 .0 14.7 84.0 2007 2.8 41.6 8.4 43.4 NA NA .0 .0 14.1 80.1 2008 2.8 41.1 8.7 R43.4 NA NA .0 .0 14.9 84.2 2009 3.1 42.5 9.0 44.0 NA NA .0 .0 15.2 86.2 

1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of

type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty). 2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 4 Includes refinery output at own refineries for own account and at others’ refineries for own account. 5 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 6 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 7 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals donot include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

8 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of

the FRS.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the to

oil and natural gas producers and petroleum refinhttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finaSources: Production and Refining: • 1974-1976—U.S. 

Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, NovePerformance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. 5.9, 6.1, 7.1, and 9.3.
Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income

Total, 1974-2009 Petroleum by Location, 1977-2009U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2009 Foreign Petroleum, 1977-200988 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Beginning in 2003, includes International Marine.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the F

See http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.ht

Source: Table 3.11.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

-10

0

1020304050

-10

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

102030405060

-5

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

10203040506070

Billion Dollars1

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining and Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

Refi

an

Marke

Internationa
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2009

 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

Petroleum 2

Downstream

Natural

Gas 2,3

Electric

Power Coal

Othe

Energ

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 6.4 1.5 .8 8.6 3.6 .7 .1 4.4 13.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 (s) 1978 6.7 1.6 1.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 -.1 5.2 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .1 -.1 1979 9.4 2.3 1.7 13.4 5.2 4.3 .1 9.7 23.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 -.1 1980 13.8 2.5 1.7 17.9 6.9 4.3 .1 11.2 29.1 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 (s) 1981 16.8 1.3 1.8 19.9 8.0 1.6 -.1 9.6 29.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 -.3 1982 14.1 1.9 2.3 18.3 6.1 .8 -.3 6.7 25.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 -.3 1983 12.2 1.6 2.0 15.9 7.2 1.3 -.5 8.2 24.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 (s) 1984 13.3 .1 2.5 15.8 7.5 .7 -.4 7.8 23.6 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 -.1 1985 12.1 2.3 2.3 16.7 8.0 .5 -.4 8.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 -.3 1986 .9 1.6 2.6 5.2 4.7 2.9 .1 7.7 12.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 (s) 1987 4.7 1.1 2.6 8.4 5.4 1.0 -.1 6.4 14.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 (s) 1988 3.2 5.4 2.0 10.6 4.3 2.4 .1 6.9 17.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 -.1 1989 3.1 4.5 1.9 9.5 4.7 1.8 .2 6.7 16.2 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 -.1 1990 8.7 2.2 2.1 12.9 7.4 2.8 .2 10.5 23.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 .1 1991 5.1 .9 2.0 7.9 5.4 4.1 .3 9.8 17.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 .1 1992 5.6 -.2 2.1 7.5 4.7 2.2 (s) 6.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) -.5 .1 1993 4.8 1.7 1.6 8.1 5.2 3.2 (s) 8.4 16.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 .1 1994 4.8 1.8 1.8 8.5 4.0 2.0 (s) 5.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 .2 1995 3.7 .5 2.2 6.4 5.9 2.4 (s) 8.3 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 .2 1996 11.8 2.3 1.6 15.7 9.2 2.0 (s) 11.2 26.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 .2 1997 11.6 3.1 1.3 16.0 9.6 3.6 .1 13.3 29.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 .3 1998 .5 5.9 1.4 7.8 2.0 2.9 .1 5.1 12.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 .9 1999 7.4 4.9 2.4 14.8 8.2 1.9 (s) 10.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 .7 2000 21.9 7.7 2.3 31.8 18.5 2.9 (s) 21.4 53.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) 2.7 2001 17.6 12.0 3.3 32.9 14.6 3.1 .2 17.8 50.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .1 2.0 2002 15.0 -1.4 1.7 15.4 12.9 -.4 (s) 12.5 27.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) -1.5 2003 222.6 27.4 2.8 230.9 221.3 2,82.9 8 ( ) 224.3 255.1 3.6 1.0 7 ( ) .1 2004 30.1 R15.0 .4 R45.5 28.6 8,R6.9 8 ( ) 35.5 R81.0 3.3 .6 7 ( ) 1.1 2005 40.5 R20.7 .5 R61.7 48.7 87.8 8 ( ) 56.5 R118.2 2.2 .4 7 ( ) 1.0 2006 41.8 R24.0 .2 R66.0 51.4 87.5 8 ( ) 58.9 R125.8 3.7 1.2 7 ( ) .6 2007 40.1 R22.0 .3 R62.3 47.0 8,R9.1 8 ( ) 56.2 R118.5 8.8 -1.6 7 ( ) .8 2008 32.3 R3.0 .2 R35.6 39.8 811.1 8 ( ) R50.8 R86.4 3.5 9.3 7 ( ) -.3 2009 10.6 -9.4 .5 1.7 31.0 82.6 8 ( ) 33.6 35.3 6.7 -1.8 7 ( ) .2 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

3 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

4 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

5 Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes). 6 Included in "Petroleum." 7 Included in "Other Energy." 8 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -0.05 billion. 

Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-own

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financhttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html. • "Net incomeincome and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, interest extraordinary deductions. • "Eliminations" are revenues and expensbetween segments of the energy industry. Consolidated company accounrevenues and expenses. Therefore, such intersegment transa• "Nontraceables" are energy companies’ revenues, costs, assays, and lattributed to a type of business by use of a reasonable allocation methoperating-level utilities.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.Sources: • 1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (E

Reporting System" database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIA, Energy Producers, annual reports.
Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability

Total Profitability, 1974-2009 Petroleum Profitability by Location, 1977-200U.S. Petroleum Profitability, 1977-2009 Foreign Petroleum Profitability, 1977-200990 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1From 2003 to 2009, data is included with “Foreign Refining and Marketing” to prevent disclosure.

 Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.

Source: Table 3.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

101520

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

-20-10

0

102030

-20

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 

-40-30-20-10

0

10203040

-40

Percent

Foreign

Operations

U.S.

Operations

1980 1985 1990 1995 

05

1015202530

Percent

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

Refining

and

Marketing

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

 and

Marketing

International M
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2009

 (Percent)

Year

Petroleum 1

Downstream

Natural

Gas 1,2

Electric

Power Coal

E

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 17.5 7.2 7.3 12.5 21.8 5.1 2.6 12.4 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.8 1978 16.4 7.5 10.9 12.8 18.2 12.7 -1.0 13.6 13.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.1 1979 18.2 9.8 15.1 15.5 23.8 29.1 2.6 23.1 18.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.3 1980 20.9 9.8 15.1 17.5 25.1 26.4 2.4 23.0 19.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.6 1981 20.2 4.4 15.6 16.1 25.5 9.0 -1.1 17.7 16.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.1 1982 14.0 6.0 20.8 12.7 17.4 4.7 -6.3 11.8 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.4 1983 11.3 4.8 16.6 10.3 19.6 7.7 -13.2 14.1 11.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1984 10.8 .3 20.8 9.4 18.8 4.5 -14.0 13.3 10.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.2 1985 9.5 6.5 15.0 9.4 20.0 3.3 -19.0 13.8 10.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.6 1986 .8 4.5 13.2 3.0 11.6 16.3 5.3 12.8 5.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.7 1987 4.1 2.9 12.8 4.9 12.4 4.7 -3.6 9.5 6.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.1 1988 2.8 14.7 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.9 7.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.7 1989 2.9 11.5 10.2 5.8 8.9 8.0 12.4 8.7 6.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1990 8.5 5.1 11.2 7.9 13.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 9.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 3.3 1991 5.1 2.0 10.7 4.9 9.1 14.6 15.6 11.0 7.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.7 1992 5.9 -.4 8.4 4.4 8.2 7.8 -1.2 7.9 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -9.3 1993 5.3 3.4 6.4 4.9 8.6 10.6 1.2 9.2 6.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.6 1994 5.5 3.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 6.1 -2.0 6.2 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.0 1995 4.4 1.0 9.1 4.0 9.3 7.2 -2.5 8.4 5.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.9 1996 14.1 4.4 6.9 9.9 12.8 6.0 2.2 10.6 10.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.9 1997 12.5 6.6 6.7 10.0 12.5 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.8 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.2 1998 .5 7.9 4.4 3.8 2.2 8.2 8.9 4.0 3.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 26.4 1999 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 8.5 5.1 .8 7.6 7.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.5 2000 17.7 9.6 6.0 13.2 17.1 8.7 6.4 15.1 13.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.7 2001 13.1 14.5 9.7 13.1 11.2 9.5 25.9 10.9 12.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.0 2002 10.5 -1.7 5.2 6.0 9.2 -1.1 -6.2 7.2 6.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -8.5 2003 116.5 19.3 111.5 113.7 114.2 1,6,R8.0 6 ( ) 113.0 113.4 8.8 5.2 5 ( ) 2004 20.0 R18.4 4.4 18.9 17.1 6,R18.1 6 ( ) 17.3 R18.1 5.9 3.1 5 ( ) 2005 22.5 R23.2 5.8 R22.2 26.3 6,R21.0 6 ( ) R25.4 23.7 4.0 1.7 5 ( ) 2006 18.2 R25.3 R2.6 R19.8 23.7 618.6 6 ( ) 22.9 R21.3 5.7 5.6 5 ( ) 2007 15.2 R21.2 R2.8 R16.6 18.8 6,R21.6 6 ( ) 19.2 R17.7 15.6 -32.5 5 ( ) 2008 10.7 R2.4 2.4 R8.1 16.3 6,R26.2 6 ( ) 17.8 R11.9 5.1 7181.4 5 ( ) 2009 3.5 -6.6 4.7 .4 11.0 65.8 6 ( ) 10.3 4.5 9.6 -32.0 5 ( ) 

1 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

2 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

3 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

4 Included in "Petroleum." 5 Included in "Other Energy." 6 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure. 7 Reflects unusually profitable electric power trading operations by survey respondents.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicl

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Fhttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html. • Dameasured as net income divided by net investment in place. "Net incincome and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, intextraordinary deductions. "Net investment in place" is net property, pland advances to unconsolidated affiliates.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/Sources: • 1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Reporting System" database, October 1996. • 1977 forward—EIA, PProducers, annual reports.
Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Petroleum Activities Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total Share of U.S. Total ProDry Natural Gas Production Coal Production Expenditures for Explo

Development of Uraniu

92 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Crude oil and natural gas liquids.2 Natural gas liquids.

3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars

Source: Table 3.13.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

46

Million Barrels per Day

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040

Percent

1980 1985 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Trillion Cubic Feet

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Million Dollars3

Refining

Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Refining

Capacity

Production1

Production1

Dry 
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Year

Production

Refining Capacity 1

Sales o

Motor Gaso

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids Dry Natural Gas Coal Uranium

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Billion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Pounds 2

Percent of

U.S. Total 3

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

P

U

1978 1,076 10.5 783 3.9 24 3.1 NA NA 1,895 10.9 1,066 1979 1,145 11.3 786 4.0 29 3.8 NA NA 1,984 11.0 948 1980 1,280 12.6 776 4.0 31 3.8 NA NA 2,066 11.1 926 1981 1,438 14.1 1,080 5.6 106 12.9 NA NA 2,595 14.5 1,114 1982 1,421 13.9 1,055 5.9 138 16.6 NA NA 2,423 14.4 1,092 1983 1,325 12.9 924 5.8 128 16.5 NA NA 2,337 14.4 1,022 1984 1,365 12.9 1,075 6.2 153 17.3 NA NA 2,276 14.5 1,066 1985 1,455 13.7 1,093 6.7 147 16.8 NA NA 2,656 17.2 1,285 1986 1,523 14.8 1,276 8.0 146 16.5 NA NA 3,133 20.1 1,565 1987 1,614 16.1 1,318 8.0 181 19.8 NA NA 3,342 21.0 1,586 1988 1,659 16.9 1,392 8.1 195 20.6 NA NA 3,356 21.4 1,673 1989 1,553 16.8 1,452 8.4 207 21.2 NA NA 4,243 27.2 2,084 1990 1,481 16.5 1,457 8.2 254 24.7 NA NA 4,379 27.9 2,282 1991 1,469 16.0 1,360 7.7 238 24.0 NA NA 4,312 27.5 2,299 1992 1,392 15.5 1,368 7.7 259 26.0 NA NA 4,256 28.1 2,369 1993 1,299 14.7 1,451 8.0 254 27.0 NA NA 4,440 29.5 2,362 1994 1,261 14.6 1,439 7.7 295 28.6 NA NA 4,479 29.2 2,346 1995 1,103 12.8 1,191 6.4 316 30.7 NA NA 4,164 27.1 2,204 1996 1,105 12.8 1,265 6.7 332 31.2 NA NA 4,050 26.2 2,145 1997 1,028 11.9 1,332 7.0 327 30.0 NA NA 3,637 23.0 1,998 1998 1,149 13.7 1,881 10.1 199 17.8 NA NA 4,940 30.4 2,721 1999 1,118 13.8 1,805 9.6 300 27.2 53,745 581.2 4,877 29.5 2,737 2000 1,027 12.7 2,112 11.0 284 26.4 3,443 87.0 4,831 29.1 2,971 2001 994 13.0 2,167 11.0 302 26.8 2,440 92.5 4,797 28.6 3,027 2002 1,214 15.9 2,344 12.4 291 26.6 2,280 97.3 4,733 28.2 3,090 2003 1,147 15.5 2,331 12.2 289 27.0 2,024 6 NM 4,761 28.2 2,914 2004 1,073 14.8 2,140 11.4 155 13.9 2,000 87.6 4,683 27.3 2,900 2005 970 14.0 2,031 11.3 160 14.1 2,147 79.8 4,942 28.5 2,845 2006 888 13.0 1,960 10.6 158 13.6 2,980 72.6 4,844 27.8 NA 

1 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 2 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 3 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999. 6 Total U.S. uranium production is slightly below that of the foreign-affiliated companies shown in this

table. The U.S. data were rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoid

disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: • 2007 data for this table were not available in time f

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/finance/fdi/index.html.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finaSources: • 1978—U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary’s 

1983). • 1979-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIAU.S. Energy, annual reports. • 1993-1996—EIA, Performance Preports. • 1997 forward—EIA, Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. 

4. Energy Resources
Figure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Total Technically Dry Natural Gas, Total Technically RRecoverable ResourcesCrude Oil and Lease Condensate by Type Dry Natural Gas by Type96 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

52%

26%

22%

48 States Onshore48 States OffshoreAlaska 20%

11%

11%

57%

48 Sta48 StaAlaskaTight GMetha

Total

219 billion barrels

Reserves Unproved

Resources

Technically

Recoverable

Resources

Total

2,543 trillion cubic feet

21

198

219

Proved Total Total

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels

245

2,29

Proved Tot

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Trillion Cubic Feet

Reserves 

Unpr

Reso

Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding. Source: Table 4.1.
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008

Region Proved Reserves

Unproved Resources

Inferred Reserves 

1 Undiscovered Resources Total Unproved

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate (billion barrels)

 48 States Onshore ........................................................ 12.7 50.1 51.1 101.2  48 States Offshore ........................................................ 4.3 10.3 42.7 53.0  Alaska ........................................................................... 3.5 2.1 42.0 44.1  Total U.S. ..................................................................... 20.6 62.5 135.8 198.3 

Dry Natural Gas 2 (trillion cubic feet)

 Conventionally Reservoired Fields 3 ....................... 102.8 312.2 673.0 985.3  48 States Onshore Gas 4 ......................................... 78.7 236.1 197.8 433.9  48 States Offshore Gas 5 ......................................... 16.4 51.3 217.7 269.1  Alaska ....................................................................... 7.7 24.8 257.5 282.3  Tight Gas, Shale Gas, and Coalbed Methane ......... 141.9 1,208.1 105.3 1,313.4  Total U.S. .................................................................... 244.7 1,520.3 778.3 2,298.6 

1 Inferred reserves (reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known

crude oil or natural gas reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the timebetween discovery and permanent abandonment.

2 Natural gas plant liquids are not included. 3 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas

usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.

4 Includes associated-dissolved (AD) natural gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas

(associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved). 5 Includes Federal offshore and State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under Statejurisdiction).

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • "Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producible

using current technology without reference to the economic viability thereof. • Resources in areas where

drilling is officially prohibited are not included. Estimates of the re

and Central Pacific, and within a 50-mile buffer off the Mid and Sfrom the technically recoverable volumes. • "48 States" is the Un• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent ro

Sources: Proved Reserves: U.S. Energy Information Admini

Table values reflect the removal of intervening reserve additionassessment and December 31, 2008. Inferred Reserves: EIA, OOnshore, State Offshore, and Alaska: National Oil and Gas ReGeological Survey with adjustments made to shale gas by IntAnalysis, Oil and Gas Production Analysis Team. UndiscoveOffshore: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and 
Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estima

Recovery, 1977-2009

Crude Oil Natural Gas (Dry)Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed98 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes lease condensate. Source: Table 4.2.

Natural Gas (Dry)

Cumulative Production

Crude Oil

Cumulative Production

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

50

100150200250

Index: 1977=100

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels Cumulative Production 

Proved Reserves Proved Reserves

E

Ultima

Estimated

Ultimate Recovery
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ult

 1977-2009

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1 Natural Gas (Dry)

Cumulative Production Proved Reserves 2 Estimated Ultimate Recovery 3 Cumulative Production Proved Reserves 4 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 118.1 31.8 149.9 514.4 207.4 1978 121.3 31.4 152.6 533.6 208.0 1979 124.4 31.2 155.6 553.2 201.0 1980 127.5 31.3 158.9 572.6 199.0 1981 130.7 31.0 161.7 591.8 201.7 1982 133.8 29.5 163.3 609.6 201.5 1983 137.0 29.3 166.3 625.7 200.2 1984 140.2 30.0 170.2 643.2 197.5 1985 143.5 29.9 173.4 659.6 193.4 1986 146.7 28.3 175.0 675.7 191.6 1987 149.7 28.7 178.4 692.3 187.2 1988 152.7 28.2 180.9 709.4 168.0 1989 155.5 27.9 183.4 726.7 167.1 1990 158.2 27.6 185.7 744.5 169.3 1991 160.9 25.9 186.8 762.2 167.1 1992 163.5 25.0 188.5 780.1 165.0 1993 166.0 24.1 190.2 798.2 162.4 1994 168.4 23.6 192.0 817.0 163.8 1995 170.8 23.5 194.4 835.6 165.1 1996 173.2 23.3 196.5 854.5 166.5 1997 175.6 23.9 199.4 873.4 167.2 1998 177.8 22.4 200.2 892.4 164.0 1999 180.0 23.2 203.1 911.2 167.4 2000 182.1 23.5 205.6 930.4 177.4 2001 184.2 23.8 208.1 950.0 183.5 2002 186.3 24.0 210.4 968.9 186.9 2003 188.4 23.1 211.5 988.0 189.0 2004 190.4 22.6 213.0 1,006.6 192.5 2005 192.3 23.0 215.3 R1,024.7 204.4 2006 194.1 R22.3 R216.4 R1,043.2 211.1 2007 R196.0 22.8 R218.8 R1,062.4 237.7 2008 R197.8 20.6 R218.3 R1,082.6 244.7 2009 199.8 22.3 222.1 1,103.2 272.5 

1 Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas stream

at a lease or field separation facility.

2 See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil" and "Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate" in Glossary. 3 "Estimated ultimate recovery" (EUR) is the sum of the estimate of proved reserves at a specific time

and cumulative production up to that time.

4 See "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas" in Glossary.

R=Revised. Note: Data are at end of year.

Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and ht

information.

Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from U.S. 

Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas Ann• 1977-2000—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural • 2001-2009—EIA, Summary: U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, an2009 (November 2010), Table 7. Estimated Ultimate Recoverproduction and proved reserves.
Figure 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves

Total, 1949-2009 By Type, 2009By Type, 1949-2009100 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 COE=crude oil equivalent.

2 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in “Natural Gas

Liquids”; otherwise, lease condensate is included in “Crude Oil.”

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petrole

Association. EIA=U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Source: Table 4.3.

EIA Data

API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

EIA Data: 1977-2009

Crude Oil2

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Billion Barrels COE1API and AGA Data

48

21

Natural Gas Crude Oil2 

0

102030405060

Billion Barrels COE1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

204060

Billion Barrels COE1
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-200

Year

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas (Dry) Natural Gas Liquids 1 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 2 Billion Barrels COE 3 Billion Barrels Billion Barrels COE 3 

American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 1950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 1955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 1960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 1965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 1970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 1971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 1972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 1973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 1974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 1975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 1976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 1977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 1978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 1979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 

U.S. Energy Information Administration Data

1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA 1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 5.0 1979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.9 1980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 5.0 1981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 1982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.3 1983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 1984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 1985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 1986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.8 1987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 1988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 1989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 1990 26.3 169.3 30.0 7.6 5.4 1991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 1992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 1993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 1994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.0 1995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.2 1996 22.0 166.5 29.4 7.8 5.5 1997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 1998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 1999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 2000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 2001 22.4 183.5 32.5 8.0 5.6 2002 22.7 186.9 33.1 8.0 5.6 2003 21.9 189.0 33.5 7.5 5.2 2004 21.4 192.5 34.1 7.9 5.5 2005 21.8 204.4 36.2 8.2 5.6 2006 21.0 211.1 37.4 8.5 5.8 2007 21.3 237.7 42.2 9.1 6.3 2008 19.1 244.7 43.3 9.3 6.4 2009 20.7 272.5 48.2 10.2 7.0 

1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";

otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."

2 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural

gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage. 3 Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry productionapproximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heatcontent (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE bymultiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) andthen dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are convertedto COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude 

Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#reso

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Associa

Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum AssociatioCrude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United States a1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). U.S. Energy Information Administration Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reportCrude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2009 (Novemb
Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation

By Site, 1949-2010 By Site, 2010By Type, 1949-2010 By Type1, 2010102 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown. Source: Table 4.4.

1,514

Onshor

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Number of Rigs

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs

Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981

Total

Offshore Onshore

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs

Natural Gas

Total

943

Natural G

0

250500750

1,000

Crude

Number of Rigs

Oil
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Number of Rigs)

Year

By Site By Type

Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas 

1949 NA NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 1975 1,554 106 NA NA 1976 1,529 129 NA NA 1977 1,834 167 NA NA 1978 2,074 185 NA NA 1979 1,970 207 NA NA 1980 2,678 231 NA NA 1981 3,714 256 NA NA 1982 2,862 243 NA NA 1983 2,033 199 NA NA 1984 2,215 213 NA NA 1985 1,774 206 NA NA 1986 865 99 NA NA 1987 841 95 NA NA 1988 813 123 554 354 1989 764 105 453 401 1990 902 108 532 464 1991 779 81 482 351 1992 669 52 373 331 1993 672 82 373 364 1994 673 102 335 427 1995 622 101 323 385 1996 671 108 306 464 1997 821 122 376 564 1998 703 123 264 560 1999 519 106 128 496 2000 778 140 197 720 2001 1,003 153 217 939 2002 717 113 137 691 2003 924 108 157 872 2004 1,095 97 165 1,025 2005 1,287 94 194 1,184 2006 1,559 90 274 1,372 2007 1,695 72 297 1,466 2008 1,814 65 379 1,491 2009 1,046 44 278 801 2010 1,514 31 591 943 

1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for

miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole

weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. • Geog

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#reSource: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Run
Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2010 Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2010 Successful Wells, 19Wells Drilled, 2010 Footage Drilled, 2010 Average Depth, 2010104 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Data are for exploratory and development wells combined. Sources: Tables 4.5–4.7.

Total1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

255075

100

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 19

0

20406080

100

Percent

Total1

Development

Exploratory

Development

Exploratory Natural 

Gas Wells

Crude

 Oil Wells

Dry Holes

19.4 19.1

4.9

18.6

17.8

3.5

0.8 1.3 1.3

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

05

10152025

Thousand Wells

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

110

158

25

104

149

17

6 9 8

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

0

50

100150200

Million Feet

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal1

5.7

5.6

8.1

Crude Oil 

0369

Thousand Feet per Well
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 Average 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural G

Number Percent Thousand Feet Fe

1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 3,698 1950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 3,979 1955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 4,672 1960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 5,486 1965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 5,562 1970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 5,860 1975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 5,470 1976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 5,220 1977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 5,254 1978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 77,041 75,841 85,788 238,669 4,017 5,262 1979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 5,275 1980 32,959 17,461 20,785 71,205 70.8 125,262 92,106 99,575 316,943 3,801 5,275 1981 43,887 20,250 27,953 92,090 69.6 172,167 108,353 134,934 415,454 3,923 5,351 1982 39,459 19,076 26,379 84,914 68.9 149,674 107,149 123,746 380,569 3,793 5,617 1983 37,366 14,684 24,355 76,405 68.1 136,849 78,108 105,222 320,179 3,662 5,319 1984 42,906 17,338 25,884 86,128 69.9 162,653 91,480 119,860 373,993 3,791 5,276 1985 35,261 14,324 21,211 70,796 70.0 137,728 76,293 100,388 314,409 3,906 5,326 1986 19,213 8,599 12,799 40,611 68.5 76,825 45,039 60,961 182,825 3,999 5,238 1987 16,210 8,096 11,167 35,473 68.5 66,358 42,584 53,588 162,530 4,094 5,260 1988 13,646 8,578 10,119 32,343 68.7 58,639 45,363 52,517 156,519 4,297 5,288 1989 10,230 9,522 8,236 27,988 70.6 43,266 49,081 42,099 134,446 4,229 5,154 1990 R12,839 R11,246 R8,245 R32,330 74.5 R56,611 R57,075 R42,538 R156,224 R4,409 R5,075 1991 R12,588 R9,793 R7,481 R29,862 74.9 R56,259 R51,081 R37,857 R145,197 R4,469 R5,216 1992 R9,402 R8,163 R5,862 R23,427 75.0 R45,817 R44,813 R29,477 R120,107 R4,873 R5,490 1993 R8,856 R9,839 R6,096 R24,791 75.4 R44,324 R58,384 R31,117 R133,825 R5,005 R5,934 1994 R7,348 R9,375 R5,096 R21,819 76.6 R38,675 R58,439 R27,828 R124,942 R5,263 R6,233 1995 R8,248 R8,082 R4,814 R21,144 77.2 R41,146 R49,840 R26,397 R117,383 R4,989 R6,167 1996 R8,836 R9,027 4,890 R22,753 78.5 R42,517 R56,250 R27,884 R126,651 R4,812 R6,231 1997 R11,206 R11,498 5,874 R28,578 79.4 R56,451 R71,551 R33,741 R161,743 R5,038 R6,223 1998 R7,682 R11,639 R4,761 R24,082 80.2 R38,683 R70,375 R28,585 R137,643 R5,036 R6,046 1999 R4,805 R12,027 R3,550 R20,382 R82.6 R22,025 R60,382 R20,659 R103,066 R4,584 R5,021 2000 R8,090 R17,051 R4,146 R29,287 85.8 R36,798 R83,697 R24,101 R144,596 R4,549 R4,909 2001 R8,888 R22,072 R4,598 R35,558 87.1 R43,213 R110,787 R26,279 R180,279 R4,862 R5,019 2002 R6,775 R17,342 R3,754 R27,871 R86.5 R30,981 R93,174 R21,221 R145,376 R4,573 R5,373 2003 R8,129 R20,722 R3,982 R32,833 87.9 R38,690 R116,140 R22,762 R177,592 R4,760 R5,605 2004 R8,789 R24,186 R4,082 R37,057 89.0 R42,290 R138,774 R23,761 R204,825 R4,812 R5,738 2005 R10,779 R28,584 R4,653 R44,016 89.4 R51,681 R164,184 R25,070 R240,935 R4,795 R5,744 2006E R13,224 R32,760 R5,138 R51,122 89.9 R63,085 R191,716 R27,531 R282,332 R4,770 R5,852 2007E R13,341 R32,852 R4,940 R51,133 R90.3 R65,305 R210,318 R27,632 R303,255 R4,895 R6,402 2008E R16,791 R33,339 R5,398 R55,528 R90.3 R85,143 R231,847 R28,858 R345,848 R5,071 R6,954 2009E R11,610 R19,054 R3,748 R34,412 R89.1 R61,851 R147,505 R20,015 R229,371 R5,327 R7,741 2010E 19,375 19,059 4,870 43,304 88.8 110,406 158,045 25,296 293,747 5,698 8,292 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells

only, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data

components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, Wor

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly RevieStates, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—EIA submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based on Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, T
Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010

Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well TypeExploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Ty106 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7

for development wells only.

Source: Table 4.6.

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0369

12

15

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

Million Feet

Crude Oil Wells

Natural Gas

 Wells Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas 

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet Per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 Aver

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural 

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 5,61950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 5,41955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 5,91960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 6,21965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 7,21970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 7,61975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 6,71976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 6,71977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 6,61978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 46,295 65,197 6,067 6,61979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 6,61980 1,777 2,099 9,081 12,957 29.9 10,177 13,862 50,249 74,288 5,727 6,61981 2,651 2,522 12,400 17,573 29.4 15,515 17,079 69,214 101,808 5,853 6,71982 2,437 2,133 11,307 15,877 28.8 13,413 14,763 60,680 88,856 5,504 6,91983 2,030 1,605 10,206 13,841 26.3 10,437 10,264 48,989 69,690 5,141 6,31984 2,209 1,528 11,321 15,058 24.8 12,294 9,935 58,624 80,853 5,565 6,51985 1,680 1,200 8,954 11,834 24.3 9,854 8,144 47,604 65,602 5,865 6,71986 1,084 797 5,567 7,448 25.3 6,579 5,401 30,325 42,305 6,069 6,71987 926 756 5,052 6,734 25.0 5,652 5,064 26,746 37,462 6,104 6,61988 855 747 4,711 6,313 25.4 5,286 4,992 27,079 37,357 6,182 6,61989 607 706 3,934 5,247 25.0 3,659 4,664 21,947 30,270 6,028 6,61990 778 811 R3,652 R5,241 30.3 R5,321 R5,758 R20,757 R31,836 R6,839 R7,11991 673 R649 R3,191 R4,513 29.3 R4,470 R4,620 R18,049 R27,139 R6,642 R7,11992 571 513 R2,384 R3,468 31.3 R3,958 R3,544 R13,058 R20,560 R6,932 R6,91993 539 610 R2,334 R3,483 33.0 R3,573 R3,960 R13,472 R21,005 R6,629 R6,41994 595 R782 2,247 R3,624 38.0 R3,971 R5,129 R13,307 R22,407 R6,674 R6,51995 570 R558 R2,024 R3,152 35.8 3,933 R3,497 R11,928 R19,358 6,900 R6,21996 489 576 1,956 3,021 35.3 3,654 3,901 R12,137 R19,692 7,472 R6,71997 491 R562 2,113 R3,166 R33.3 R3,947 R4,036 R13,490 R21,473 R8,039 R7,11998 327 566 1,590 2,483 36.0 R2,740 R4,093 R10,842 R17,675 R8,379 R7,21999 197 R570 1,157 R1,924 R39.9 R1,433 R3,992 R7,687 R13,112 R7,274 R7,02000 R288 R657 R1,341 R2,286 41.3 R2,103 R4,812 R9,173 R16,088 R7,302 R7,32001 357 1,052 R1,733 R3,142 R44.8 R2,618 R7,327 R11,470 R21,415 R7,333 R6,92002 R258 R844 R1,282 R2,384 46.2 R1,743 R5,731 R8,695 R16,169 R6,756 R6,72003 R350 R997 R1,297 R2,644 R50.9 R2,448 R6,584 R8,817 R17,849 R6,994 R6,62004 R383 R1,671 R1,350 R3,404 R60.3 R3,124 R9,989 R9,345 R22,458 R8,157 R5,92005 R539 R2,135 R1,462 R4,136 R64.7 R4,279 R12,198 R9,396 R25,873 R7,939 R5,72006E R644 R2,450 R1,529 R4,623 R66.9 R4,760 R14,003 R9,609 R28,372 R7,391 R5,72007E R825 R2,777 R1,585 R5,187 R69.4 R5,944 R15,616 R10,136 R31,696 R7,205 R5,62008E R921 R2,467 R1,764 R5,152 R65.8 R7,356 R15,152 R10,835 R33,343 R7,987 R6,12009E R618 R1,290 R1,157 R3,065 R62.3 R4,856 R9,254 R7,053 R21,163 R7,858 R7,12010E 778 1,269 1,322 3,369 60.8 6,319 8,639 7,932 22,890 8,122 6,8

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells

combined, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed ina given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American PetroleumInstitute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a givenyear. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting

of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) t

data. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepenequal average of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annua

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly ReStates, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—Esubmitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review
Figure 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010

Development Wells Drilled by Well Type Development Footage Drilled by Well TypeDevelopment Wells Average Depth, All Wells Development Wells Average Depth by Well T108 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Note: These graphs depict development wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure

4.6 for exploratory wells only.

Source: Table 4.7.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250

Million Feet Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural

Gas

Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 Avera

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural 

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 3,411950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 3,761955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 4,331960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 5,321965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 5,331970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 5,641975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 5,231976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 4,961977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 5,051978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 69,936 64,043 39,493 173,472 3,883 5,061979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 5,081980 31,182 15,362 11,704 58,248 79.9 115,085 78,244 49,326 242,655 3,691 5,091981 41,236 17,728 15,553 74,517 79.1 156,652 91,274 65,720 313,646 3,799 5,141982 37,022 16,943 15,072 69,037 78.2 136,261 92,386 63,066 291,713 3,681 5,451983 35,336 13,079 14,149 62,564 77.4 126,412 67,844 56,233 250,489 3,577 5,181984 40,697 15,810 14,563 71,070 79.5 150,359 81,545 61,236 293,140 3,695 5,151985 33,581 13,124 12,257 58,962 79.2 127,874 68,149 52,784 248,807 3,808 5,191986 18,129 7,802 7,232 33,163 78.2 70,246 39,638 30,636 140,520 3,875 5,081987 15,284 7,340 6,115 28,739 78.7 60,706 37,520 26,842 125,068 3,972 5,111988 12,791 7,831 5,408 26,030 79.2 53,353 40,371 25,438 119,162 4,171 5,151989 9,623 8,816 4,302 22,741 81.1 39,607 44,417 20,152 104,176 4,116 5,031990 R12,061 R10,435 R4,593 R27,089 83.0 R51,290 R51,317 R21,781 R124,388 R4,253 R4,911991 R11,915 R9,144 R4,290 R25,349 R83.1 R51,789 R46,461 R19,808 R118,058 R4,347 R5,081992 R8,831 R7,650 R3,478 R19,959 82.6 R41,859 R41,269 R16,419 R99,547 R4,740 R5,391993 R8,317 R9,229 R3,762 R21,308 82.3 R40,751 R54,424 R17,645 R112,820 R4,900 5,891994 R6,753 R8,593 R2,849 R18,195 84.3 R34,704 R53,310 R14,521 R102,535 R5,139 R6,201995 R7,678 7,524 2,790 R17,992 84.5 R37,213 R46,343 R14,469 R98,025 R4,847 R6,151996 R8,347 R8,451 2,934 R19,732 85.1 R38,863 R52,349 R15,747 R106,959 R4,656 R6,191997 R10,715 R10,936 3,761 R25,412 85.2 R52,504 R67,515 R20,251 R140,270 R4,900 R6,171998 R7,355 R11,073 R3,171 R21,599 85.3 R35,943 R66,282 R17,743 R119,968 R4,887 R5,981999 R4,608 R11,457 R2,393 R18,458 87.0 R20,592 R56,390 R12,972 R89,954 R4,469 R4,922000 7,802 R16,394 R2,805 R27,001 89.6 R34,695 R78,885 R14,928 R128,508 R4,447 R4,812001 R8,531 R21,020 R2,865 R32,416 91.2 R40,595 R103,460 R14,809 R158,864 R4,759 R4,922002 R6,517 R16,498 R2,472 R25,487 R90.3 R29,238 R87,443 R12,526 R129,207 R4,486 R5,302003 R7,779 R19,725 R2,685 R30,189 91.1 R36,242 R109,556 R13,945 R159,743 R4,659 R5,552004 R8,406 R22,515 R2,732 R33,653 91.9 R39,166 R128,785 R14,416 R182,367 R4,659 R5,722005 R10,240 R26,449 R3,191 R39,880 92.0 R47,402 R151,986 R15,674 R215,062 R4,629 R5,742006E R12,580 R30,310 R3,609 R46,499 92.2 R58,325 R177,713 R17,922 R253,960 R4,636 R5,862007E R12,516 R30,075 R3,355 R45,946 R92.7 R59,361 R194,702 R17,496 R271,559 R4,743 R6,472008E R15,870 R30,872 R3,634 R50,376 R92.8 R77,787 R216,695 R18,023 R312,505 R4,902 R7,012009E R10,992 R17,764 R2,591 R31,347 R91.7 R56,995 R138,251 R12,962 R208,208 R5,185 R7,782010E 18,597 17,790 3,548 39,935 91.1 104,087 149,406 17,364 270,857 5,597 8,39

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells

combined, and Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing da

components due to independent rounding. Average depth may noindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annua

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, W

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly RevStates, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—Esubmitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, 
Figure 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled

Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2008 Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2008Costs per Well by Well Type, 2008 Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2008110 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Source: Table 4.8.

Real1

Nominal2

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Thousand Dollars

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

200400600800

1,000

Dollars

778

701

Crude Oil Natural Gas 

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Nominal Dollars24,624

5,284

6,331

5,136

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

Thousand Nominal Dollars2
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, Selected Years, 1960-2008

Year

Thousand Dollars per Well Dollars per Foot

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 All Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 

Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Real 5 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 

1960 52.2 102.7 44.0 54.9 295.4 13.22 18.57 10.56 1965 56.6 101.9 53.1 60.6 304.5 13.94 18.35 11.21 1966 62.2 133.8 56.9 68.4 333.9 15.04 21.75 12.34 1967 66.6 141.0 61.5 72.9 345.3 16.61 23.05 12.87 1968 79.1 148.5 66.2 81.5 370.1 18.63 24.05 12.88 1969 86.5 154.3 70.2 88.6 383.4 19.28 25.58 13.23 1970 86.7 160.7 80.9 94.9 390.2 19.29 26.75 15.21 1971 78.4 166.6 86.8 94.7 370.9 18.41 27.70 16.02 1972 93.5 157.8 94.9 106.4 399.6 20.77 27.78 17.28 1973 103.8 155.3 105.8 117.2 416.7 22.54 27.46 19.22 1974 110.2 189.2 141.7 138.7 452.4 27.82 34.11 26.76 1975 138.6 262.0 177.2 177.8 529.7 34.17 46.23 33.86 1976 151.1 270.4 190.3 191.6 539.9 37.35 49.78 36.94 1977 170.0 313.5 230.2 227.2 601.8 41.16 57.57 43.49 1978 208.0 374.2 281.7 280.0 692.9 49.72 68.37 52.55 1979 243.1 443.1 339.6 331.4 757.2 58.29 80.66 64.60 1980 272.1 536.4 376.5 367.7 770.0 66.36 95.16 73.70 1981 336.3 698.6 464.0 453.7 868.7 80.40 122.17 90.03 1982 347.4 864.3 515.4 514.4 928.3 86.34 146.20 104.09 1983 283.8 608.1 366.5 371.7 645.3 72.65 108.37 79.10 1984 262.1 489.8 329.2 326.5 546.2 66.32 88.80 67.18 1985 270.4 508.7 372.3 349.4 567.4 66.78 93.09 73.69 1986 284.9 522.9 389.2 364.6 579.3 68.35 93.02 76.53 1987 246.0 380.4 259.1 279.6 431.7 58.35 69.55 51.05 1988 279.4 460.3 366.4 354.7 529.5 62.28 84.65 66.96 1989 282.3 457.8 355.4 362.2 521.1 64.92 86.86 67.61 1990 321.8 471.3 367.5 383.6 531.3 69.17 90.73 67.49 1991 346.9 506.6 441.2 421.5 563.7 73.75 93.10 83.05 1992 362.3 426.1 357.6 382.6 499.9 69.50 72.83 67.82 1993 356.6 521.2 387.7 426.8 545.6 67.52 83.15 72.56 1994 409.5 535.1 491.5 483.2 605.0 70.57 81.90 86.60 1995 415.8 629.7 481.2 513.4 629.7 78.09 95.97 84.60 1996 341.0 616.0 541.0 496.1 597.1 70.60 98.67 95.74 1997 445.6 728.6 655.6 603.9 714.2 90.48 117.55 115.09 1998 566.0 815.6 973.2 769.1 899.4 108.88 127.94 157.79 1999 783.0 798.4 1,115.5 856.1 986.7 156.45 138.42 182.99 2000 593.4 756.9 1,075.4 754.6 851.2 125.96 138.39 181.83 2001 729.1 896.5 1,620.4 943.2 1,040.4 153.72 172.05 271.63 2002 882.8 991.9 1,673.4 1,054.2 1,144.4 194.55 175.78 284.17 2003 1,037.3 1,106.0 2,065.1 1,199.5 1,274.8 221.13 189.95 345.94 2004 1,441.8 1,716.4 1,977.3 1,673.1 1,729.0 298.45 284.78 327.91 2005 1,920.4 1,497.6 2,392.9 1,720.7 1,720.7 314.36 280.03 429.92 2006 2,238.6 1,936.2 2,664.6 2,101.7 2,035.4 402.45 348.36 479.33 2007 4,000.4 3,906.9 6,131.2 4,171.7 R3,924.6 717.13 604.06 1,132.09 2008 4,623.7 5,283.8 6,331.2 5,135.9 R4,728.3 778.14 701.42 1,213.81 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary. 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. Notes: • The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in more

recent surveys. • Average cost is the arithmetic mean and include

wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exploraservice wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "DevelopmGlossary.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#

1960. • For related information, see http://www.api.org/statistics/acce

Source: American Petroleum Institute, 2008 Joint Association Surv
Figure 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Re

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2009Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve AdditionExpenditures, 1974-2009 Three-Year Moving Average112 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Crude oil equivalent.2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Finanhttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.htm

Source: Table 4.9.

U.S. Total

Major U.S. Energy 

Companies–United States

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

-2

0

2

468

10

12

14

-2

Billion Barrels COE1

Major U.S. Energy

 Companies–Foreign

Major U.S. Energy

Companies–United States M

Comp

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

20406080

100120

Billion Dollars 2

Major U.S. Energy Companies

–Foreign

1975 1980 1985 1990 

07

14

21

2835

Dollars2 per Barrel COE1
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,

 and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2009

Year

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1

of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids

Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Expenditures pe

Three-

U.S. Total

 Major U.S. Energy Companies 2 Major U.S. Energy Companies 2 Major U

United States Foreign United States Foreign United States 

Million Barrels COE 3 Billion Dollars 4 Dolla

1974 NA 2,205 NA 8.7 3.8 NA 1975 3,846 -634 NA 7.8 5.3 8.05 1976 3,224 1,663 1,459 9.5 5.2 8.64 1977 3,765 2,210 1,055 10.7 5.6 5.12 1978 3,679 2,383 1,191 11.8 6.4 7.34 1979 5,071 1,378 51,208 21.3 7.8 9.34 1980 6,723 2,590 1,977 26.2 11.0 11.80 1981 7,304 2,848 1,006 33.0 12.4 11.63 1982 5,030 2,482 1,332 39.1 14.2 610.62 1983 6,412 3,427 1,918 27.1 10.7 9.20 1984 6,653 3,941 1,298 48.1 17.3 68.21 1985 6,190 73,129 1,192 28.5 10.1 78.27 1986 4,866 2,178 51,375 17.4 7.5 6.67 1987 6,059 73,698 2,516 14.3 9.2 74.58 1988 7,156 3,359 2,460 21.0 13.0 5.05 1989 5,385 2,798 2,043 15.0 14.1 5.62 1990 6,275 2,979 2,355 15.1 13.6 5.87 1991 4,227 1,772 2,135 14.2 13.7 6.52 1992 5,006 1,332 1,694 10.3 12.9 7.02 1993 4,814 1,945 2,147 10.9 12.5 5.66 1994 6,021 2,703 3,173 12.6 11.9 4.74 1995 6,558 2,929 2,799 12.4 13.2 5.11 1996 6,707 2,131 3,280 14.6 16.6 7.61 1997 7,233 1,367 3,279 21.8 17.9 9.67 1998 3,628 2,798 5,206 24.4 26.4 11.15 1999 7,929 1,197 3,360 13.5 17.5 10.25 2000 8,725 4,392 3,593 48.0 28.8 9.67 2001 7,449 4,271 6,744 33.9 35.9 R10.45 2002 7,056 2,232 3,036 R32.0 31.4 R10.69 2003 5,189 2,216 4,047 27.4 28.2 R12.64 2004 6,624 2,825 841 32.6 25.3 12.05 2005 8,543 3,818 1,664 46.8 47.3 20.01 2006 6,479 2,175 2,747 97.1 59.2 21.86 2007 11,745 3,560 985 64.9 42.7 R34.32 2008 5,335 1,848 3,309 R98.2 50.3 R23.17 2009 13,921 3,939 3,709 53.4 47.7 NA 

1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production. 

See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural GasLiquids" in Glossary.

2 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). Seehttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.

3 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See

Appendix A.

4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data

for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions. 6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated with

mergers among the FRS companies. 7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1,477 

barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas reserves

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/financeSources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: • 1974-1976—U.

(EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, NovePerformance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. U.Reserves: • 1975-1979—American Gas Association, American Petroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Oil, Nathe United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, Volume 34 U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annu
Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exp

Development by Region

Total, 1974-2009 U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2009 U.S. Onshore and OfBy Region, 2009114 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Includes all Europe except countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary. 3 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Eurasia” and “Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary. 4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

5 This region includes areas that are westward of the 

longitude and that are not included in other domestic or fo

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form thSee http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoLis

Source: Table 4.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

4080

120160

Billion Dollars1

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1 Onshore

Offshore

United States

Foreign

53.4

8.6 8.3

3.0

13.9

2.1

United States Canada Europe2 Eurasia3 Africa Middle East Other 

0

15304560

Billion Dollars1

Hem
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration 

 by Region, 1974-2009 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

United States Foreign

Onshore Offshore Total Canada Europe 

2 Eurasia 3 Africa

Middle

East

Other

Eastern

Hemisphere 4

Other

Western

Hemispher

1974 NA NA 8.7 NA NA – – NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA 7.8 NA NA – – NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA 9.5 NA NA – – NA NA NA NA 1977 6.7 4.0 10.7 1.5 2.5 – – .7 .2 .3 .4 1978 7.5 4.3 11.8 1.6 2.6 – – .8 .3 .4 .6 1979 13.0 8.3 21.3 2.3 3.0 – – .8 .2 .5 .8 1980 16.8 9.4 26.2 3.1 4.3 – – 1.4 .2 .8 1.0 1981 19.9 13.0 33.0 1.8 5.0 – – 2.1 .3 1.9 1.3 1982 27.2 11.9 39.1 1.9 6.3 – – 2.1 .4 2.4 1.1 1983 16.0 11.1 27.1 1.6 4.3 – – 1.7 .5 2.0 .6 1984 32.1 16.0 48.1 5.4 5.5 – – 3.4 .5 2.0 .5 1985 20.0 8.5 28.5 1.9 3.7 – – 1.6 .9 1.3 .7 1986 12.5 4.9 17.4 1.1 3.2 – – 1.1 .3 1.2 .6 1987 9.7 4.5 14.3 1.9 3.0 – – .8 .4 2.8 .5 1988 12.9 8.1 21.0 5.4 4.3 – – .8 .4 1.4 .7 1989 9.0 6.0 15.0 6.3 3.5 – – 1.0 .4 2.3 .6 1990 10.2 4.9 15.1 1.8 6.6 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 .7 1991 9.6 4.6 14.2 1.7 6.8 – – 1.5 .5 2.4 .7 1992 7.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 6.8 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 .6 1993 7.2 3.7 10.9 1.6 5.5 .3 1.5 .7 2.5 .6 1994 7.8 4.8 12.6 1.8 4.4 .3 1.4 .4 2.8 .7 1995 7.7 4.7 12.4 1.9 5.2 .4 2.0 .4 2.4 .9 1996 7.9 6.7 14.6 1.6 5.6 .5 2.8 .5 4.1 1.6 1997 13.0 8.8 21.8 2.0 7.1 .6 3.0 .6 3.0 1.6 1998 13.5 11.0 24.4 4.8 8.6 1.3 3.1 .9 3.9 3.7 1999 6.6 6.9 13.5 2.1 4.1 .6 3.1 .4 3.4 3.8 2000 27.1 21.0 48.0 4.9 7.5 .9 2.7 .6 6.8 5.4 2001 24.2 9.6 33.9 15.3 5.4 .9 5.5 .7 5.0 3.1 2002 22.3 9.5 31.8 6.7 9.8 1.3 5.1 .8 6.2 1.6 2003 14.9 12.5 27.4 4.9 5.7 2.1 9.2 1.0 4.2 1.1 2004 22.1 10.5 32.6 5.3 4.4 2.0 6.9 1.3 3.8 1.6 2005 35.5 11.3 46.8 9.1 6.1 6.3 10.7 1.5 12.0 1.7 2006 70.2 26.8 97.1 17.0 29.0 32.4 12.9 3.1 6.6 8.2 2007 50.8 14.1 64.9 5.8 8.1 2.9 12.5 3.2 6.8 3.4 2008 R76.8 21.5 R98.2 6.4 8.4 3.2 14.2 4.5 9.6 4.1 2009 39.8 13.6 53.4 8.6 8.3 3.0 13.9 2.1 8.8 2.9 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Through 2005, includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (the Federal Republic

of), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2006, includes all Europe except countries that were part ofthe former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 3 Through 2005, includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. as well as Albania, Bosnia andHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, andSlovenia. Beginning in 2006, includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia"and "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and

that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

5 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenw

that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top pu

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Fhttp://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html. • Totto independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finanSources: • 1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Use, FRS Database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIAProducers, annual reports.
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010

By Key State By RegionWest and East of the Mississippi By Mining Method By Rank116 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Source: Table 4.11.

119

104

62

32 29 27 23

16 12 12 9

Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana

0

153045607590

105120135

Billion Short Tons231 

Western 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

ming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico

258

Bitu- S

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

254

232

West of the East of the

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi

332

154

Underground Surface

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi minous m
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010

 (Billion Short Tons)

Region and State

Anthracite Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface Surface 1 Undergro

Appalachian .............................................. 4.0 3.3 68.6 22.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 72.6 

 Alabama ................................................... .0 .0 .9 2.1 .0 .0 1.1 .9  Kentucky, Eastern .................................... .0 .0 .8 9.1 .0 .0 .0 .8  Ohio .......................................................... .0 .0 17.4 5.7 .0 .0 .0 17.4  Pennsylvania ............................................ 3.8 3.3 19.0 .8 .0 .0 .0 22.8  Virginia ...................................................... .1 .0 .9 .5 .0 .0 .0 1.0  West Virginia ............................................ .0 .0 28.5 3.4 .0 .0 .0 28.5  Other 2 ...................................................... .0 .0 1.1 .3 .0 .0 .0 1.

Interior ....................................................... .1 (s) 116.8 27.1 .0 .0 12.6 116.9 

 Illinois ........................................................ .0 .0 87.7 16.5 .0 .0 .0 87.7  Indiana ...................................................... .0 .0 8.6 .6 .0 .0 .0 8.6  Iowa .......................................................... .0 .0 1.7 .5 .0 .0 .0 1.7  Kentucky, Western ................................... .0 .0 15.7 3.6 .0 .0 .0 15.7  Missouri .................................................... .0 .0 1.5 4.5 .0 .0 .0 1.5  Oklahoma ................................................. .0 .0 1.2 .3 .0 .0 .0 1.2  Texas ........................................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12.2 .0  Other 3 ...................................................... .1 (s) .3 1.1 .0 .0 0.4 .4 

Western ..................................................... (s) .0 21.2 2.3 121.2 56.5 29.2 142.5 

 Alaska ....................................................... .0 .0 .6 .1 4.8 .6 (s) 5.4  Colorado ................................................... (s) .0 7.5 .6 3.7 .0 4.2 11.2  Montana .................................................... .0 .0 1.4 .0 69.6 32.3 15.8 71.0  New Mexico .............................................. (s) .0 2.7 .9 3.4 5.0 .0 6. North Dakota ............................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 8.9 .0  Utah .......................................................... .0 .0 4.9 .3 (s) .0 .0 4.9  Washington ............................................... .0 .0 .3 .0 1.0 .0 (s) 1.3  Wyoming ................................................... .0 .0 3.8 .5 38.6 18.6 .0 42.5  Other 4 ...................................................... .0 .0 (s) .0 (s) (s) .4 (s

U.S. Total ................................................... 4.1 3.4 206.6 51.4 121.2 56.5 42.9 331.9 

 States East of the Mississippi River ......... 4.0 3.3 180.6 42.8 .0 .0 1.1 184.6  States West of the Mississippi River ........ .1 (s) 26.0 8.6 121.2 56.5 41.8 147.3 

1 Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States. 2 Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan. 4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.

(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons. Notes: • See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology

used to produce these data. • Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzed

and on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in th

coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability with 0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-base of coal in the United States is estimated to be recoveracomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coaSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves 
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-20101 Holes Drilled, Selected YearsTotal Footage Drilled, 1949-20101 Footage Drilled, Selected Years118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 In 2002 and 2003, data are withheld to avoid disclosure. Source: Table 4.12.

20

29

3 5 

38

75

2 1

1968 1978 1988 1998 

0

20406080

Thousands 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20406080

100120

Thousands

8

19

2

4 

16

29

1 1

1968 1978 1988 1998 

048

12

16202428

32

Million Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

102030405060

Million Feet
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Exploration 1 Development 2 

Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled 

Thousands Million Feet Thousands Million Feet Thousands 

1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 1950 NA .57 NA .21 NA 1955 NA 5.27 NA .76 NA 1960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 1965 6.23 1.16 7.33 .95 13.56 1970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 1975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 1976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 1977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 1978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 1979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 1980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 1981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 1982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 1983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 1984 4.80 2.26 .72 .29 5.52 1985 2.88 1.42 .77 .34 3.65 1986 1.99 1.10 1.85 .97 3.83 1987 1.82 1.11 1.99 .86 3.81 1988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 1989 2.09 1.43 1.75 .80 3.84 1990 1.51 .87 1.91 .81 3.42 1991 1.62 .97 1.57 .87 3.20 1992 .94 .56 .83 .50 1.77 1993 .36 .22 1.67 .89 2.02 1994 .52 .34 .48 .32 1.00 1995 .58 .40 1.73 .95 2.31 1996 1.12 .88 3.58 2.16 4.70 1997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 1998 1.37 .89 5.23 3.75 6.60 1999 .27 .18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2000 W W W W 1.55 2001 .00 .00 1.02 .66 1.02 2002 W W W W W 2003 NA NA NA NA W 2004 W W W W 2.19 2005 W W W W 3.14 2006 1.47 .82 3.43 1.89 4.90 2007 4.35 2.20 5.00 2.95 9.35 2008 5.20 2.54 4.16 2.55 9.36 2009 1.79 1.05 3.89 2.69 5.68 2010 2.44 1.46 4.77 3.44 7.21 

1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at

the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation.

2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and

configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/ann

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.

Sources: • 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand 

Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (1983), Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annuaUranium Production Report," annual reports. • 2006 forward—EReport" (June 2011), Table 1.
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

Reserves Reserves and Resources120 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,

Virginia, and Washington.

Notes: • See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. • Data are Source: Table 4.13.

Forwa

(doll

2.2

3.3

0.5

$50 or Less 

0

1

2

3456

Billion Pounds Uranium Oxide

ReservesEstimated AdditionaSpeculative Resourc

Forward-Cost Category

(dollars1 per pound)

Colorado,

Utah

446

390

198

40

154

220

179

63

27

50

Wyoming New Arizona, Texas Others2

0

100200300400500

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

$50 or Less$100 or Less

Mexico
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

 (Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)

Resource Category and State

Forward-Cost 1 Category (dollars 2 per pound) 

$50 or Less 

Reserves 3 .......................................................................................................................... 539  Wyoming ......................................................................................................................... 220  New Mexico .................................................................................................................... 179  Arizona, Colorado, Utah ................................................................................................. 63  Texas .............................................................................................................................. 27  Others 4 .......................................................................................................................... 50 

Potential Resources 5

 Estimated Additional Resources ........................................................................................ 3,310  Speculative Resources ...................................................................................................... 2,230 

1 Forward costs include the costs for power and fuel, labor, materials, insurance, severance and ad

valorem taxes, and applicable administrative costs. Past capital costs are considered "sunk" costs andmining of the individual deposits may or may not return such costs to investors. Sunk costs for such itemsas exploration and land acquisition are excluded as are the costs for income taxes, profit, and the cost ofmoney. The forward costs used to estimate U.S. uranium ore reserves are independent of the price atwhich uranium produced from the estimated reserves might be sold in the commercial market. Resourcevalues in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includesall reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category.

2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the

internationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR). 4 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia,

and Washington. 5 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimates 

to the nearest million pounds uranium oxide.

Notes: • Estimates are at end of year. • See "Uranium O

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nucSources: Reserves: EIA, U.S. Uranium Reserves Estim

Resources: EIA estimates based on uranium resources data Resource Evaluation program and U.S. Geological Survey Uranmethodology described in Uranium Resource Assessment by tPlan to Update the National Resource Base, U.S. Geological Surv
Figure 4.14 Concentrating Solar Resources

122 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Notes: • Annual average direct normal solar resource data are shown. • kWh/m2/Day =

kilowatthours per square meter per day.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the

Department of Energy. The data for Hawaii and the 48 con(km) satellite modeled dataset (SUNY/NREL, 2007) represedata for Alaska are a 40-km dataset produced by the Clim(NREL, 2003). 
Figure 4.15 Photovoltaic Solar Resources

 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Notes: • Annual average solar resource data are shown for a tilt=latitude collector. • kWh/m2/Day =

kilowatthours per square meter per day.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.

Sources: This map was created by the National Renewa

ment of Energy. The data for Hawaii and the 48 contiguoulite modeled dataset (SUNY/NREL, 2007) representing Alaska are a 40-km dataset produced by the Climatologica
Figure 4.16 Onshore Wind Resources

124 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Notes: • Data are annual average wind speed at 80 meters. • m/s = meters per second.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the

Department of Energy. Wind resource estimates developed by AWS Truepower, LLC for

windNavigator®. See http://www.windnavigator.com and httpSpatial resolution of wind resource data: 2.5 kilometersWGS84. 
Figure 4.17 Offshore Wind Resources

 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Notes: • Data are annual average wind speed at 90 meters. • m/s = meters per second. 

• mph = miles per hour.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.Source: This map was created by the National Renewa

Department of Energy.
Figure 4.18 Geothermal Resources

126 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Notes: • Data are for locations of identified hydrothermal sites and favorability of deep

enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). • Map does not include shallow EGS resourceslocated near hydrothermal sites or USGS assessment of undiscovered hydrothermalresources. • *”N/A” regions have temperatures less than 150°C at 10 kilometers (km) depthand were not assessed for deep EGS potential. • **Temperature at depth data for deep EGSin Alaska and Hawaii not available.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.

Sources: This map was created by the National Rene

Department of Energy. Source data for deep EGS includto 10 km provided by Southern Methodist University GeoRichards, 2009) and analyses (for regions with tempe

NREL (2009). Source data for identified hydrothermal s

Moderate- and High-Temperature Geothermal Resources 
Figure 4.19 Biomass Resources

 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Notes: • Data are for total biomass per square kilometer. • km2 = square kilometer. • This

study estimates the biomass resources currently available in the United States by county. Itincludes the following feedstock categories: crop residues (5 year average: 2003-2007), forestand primary mill residues (2007), secondary mill and urban wood waste (2002), methane emissions from landfills (2008), domestic wastewater treatment (2007), and animal manure (2002).For more information on the data development, please refer to http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39181.pdf.

Although, the document contains the methodology for the the information is applicable to this assessment as well. Tperiod.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.Source: This map was created by the National Renewa

ment of Energy.

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids

Figure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2010

(Million Barrels per Day)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Unfinished oils, hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, and motor gasoline

and aviation gasoline blending components.

2 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production (0.92), net imports (1.28) and adjustments

(0.08) minus stock change (0.06) and product supplied (0.02).

3 Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.4 Natural gas plant liquids.

5 Production minus refinery input.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a–5.13d, 

February 2011, Table 4.
Figure 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview

Overview, 1949-2010 Overview, 2010Production, 1949-2010 Production and Net Imports, Share of Estimate

1949-2010

132 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Source: Table 5.1a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 9.4 9.4

Production Net Imports 

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day Production

Estimated

Consumption

Net Imports

Total

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

Producti

Net Impo
Figure 5.1b Petroleum Overview

Overview, 1949-2010 Overview, 2010Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 1949-2010 Trade, 1949-2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.

Sources: Tables 5.1b.and 5.3

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 7.5 11.8

2.3

Production2 Imports Export

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day Production2 Consumption1

Net Imports

5.51 in

2010

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Peak: 9.64

in 1970

Crude Oil

Crude Oil Imports

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day

Exports
134 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Production 1

Production

as Share of

Estimated Consumption Net Imports 2

Net Imports

as Share of

Estimated Consumption

Balancing

Item 3

Thousand Barrels per Day Percent Thousand Barrels per Day Percent Thousand B

1949 5,475 95.0 318 5.5 -30 1950 5,908 91.5 545 8.4 5 1955 7,611 90.0 880 10.4 -37 1960 8,110 82.8 1,613 16.5 74 1965 9,234 80.2 2,281 19.8 -2 1970 11,656 79.3 3,161 21.5 -119 1975 10,467 64.1 5,846 35.8 8 1976 10,213 58.5 7,090 40.6 159 1977 10,387 56.4 8,565 46.5 -520 1978 10,771 57.2 8,002 42.5 74 1979 10,662 57.6 7,985 43.1 -135 1980 10,767 63.1 6,365 37.3 -76 1981 10,693 66.6 5,401 33.6 -31 1982 10,744 70.2 4,298 28.1 268 1983 10,761 70.5 4,312 28.3 185 1984 11,095 70.4 4,715 29.9 -52 1985 11,177 70.9 4,286 27.2 302 1986 10,893 66.7 5,439 33.3 -5 1987 10,636 63.6 5,914 35.4 168 1988 10,473 60.4 6,587 38.0 277 1989 9,874 56.8 7,202 41.4 303 1990 9,645 56.6 7,161 42.0 230 1991 9,846 58.7 6,626 39.5 297 1992 9,703 56.8 6,938 40.6 455 1993 9,422 54.7 7,618 44.2 195 1994 9,239 52.1 8,054 45.5 424 1995 9,183 51.8 7,886 44.5 654 1996 9,194 50.2 8,498 46.4 616 1997 9,201 49.4 9,158 49.2 260 1998 8,987 47.5 9,764 51.6 165 1999 8,711 44.6 9,912 50.8 894 2000 8,784 44.6 10,419 52.9 496 2001 8,686 44.2 10,900 55.5 60 2002 8,720 44.1 10,547 53.4 493 2003 8,554 42.7 11,238 56.1 239 2004 8,498 41.0 12,097 58.4 133 2005 8,140 39.1 12,549 60.3 114 2006 8,163 39.4 12,391 59.9 143 2007 8,292 40.1 12,027 58.1 376 2008 8,364 42.9 11,090 56.9 51 2009 8,980 47.8 9,654 51.4 154 2010P 9,443 49.3 9,434 49.2 280 

1 Crude oil (including lease condensate) production; natural gas plant liquids production; and processing

gain (refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs). Beginning in 1981, alsoincludes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) production. Beginning in 2001, also includes biodiesel production. 2 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Includes petroleum (excluding biofuels) net imports. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) net imports. Beginning in 2001, alsoincludes biodiesel net imports. Beginning in 2009, also includes a small amount of other biofuels (such asbio-jet fuel and bio-ETBE) imports.

3 Includes petroleum and biofuels stock withdrawals (stock change multiplied by -1); petroleum

adjustments; and biodiesel balancing item.

4 Includes estimated consumption of petroleum and, beginning in 1981, estimated consumption of fuel

ethanol minus denaturant. Beginning in 2001, also includes estimated consumption of biodiesel. Techniques used to estimate consumption vary depending on the product. Petroleum product supplied isused as an approximation of petroleum consumption, which is adjusted to exclude biofuels in order toprevent double counting. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption" at end

of Section 5 and footnote 4 on Table 1.3. Estimated consumption of fu

is calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. For other years, see consumption of biodiesel in 2010 is calculated as biodiesel productiobiodiesel stock change. For other years, see sources in Table 10.4.

P=Preliminary. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and 

Sources: Production: Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4. Net Imports

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annu(PSM), and earlier publications—see sources for Table 5.1b. Balancconsumption minus production and net imports. Estimated Consumand EIA, PSA, PSM, and earlier publications—see sources for Table 5.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Field Production 1

Renewable

Fuels

and

Oxygenates 5

Processing

Gain 6

Trade

Stock

Change 8,10

Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids 4 Total Imports 7,8 Exports

Net

Imports 8,9 48 States 3 Alaska Total

1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 NA -2 645 327 318 -8 1950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 NA 2 850 305 545 -56 1955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 NA 34 1,248 368 880 (s) 1960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 NA 146 1,815 202 1,613 -83 1965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 NA 220 2,468 187 2,281 -8 1970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 NA 359 3,419 259 3,161 103 1975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 NA 460 6,056 209 5,846 32 1976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 NA 477 7,313 223 7,090 -58 1977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 NA 524 8,807 243 8,565 548 1978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 NA 496 8,363 362 8,002 -94 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 NA 527 8,456 471 7,985 173 1980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 NA 597 6,909 544 6,365 140 1981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 NA 508 5,996 595 5,401 160 1982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 NA 531 5,113 815 4,298 -147 1983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 NA 488 5,051 739 4,312 -20 1984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 NA 553 5,437 722 4,715 280 1985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 NA 557 5,067 781 4,286 -103 1986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 NA 616 6,224 785 5,439 202 1987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 NA 639 6,678 764 5,914 41 1988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 NA 655 7,402 815 6,587 -28 1989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 NA 661 8,061 859 7,202 -43 1990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 NA 683 8,018 857 7,161 107 1991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 NA 715 7,627 1,001 6,626 -10 1992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 NA 772 7,888 950 6,938 -68 1993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 NA 766 8,620 1,003 7,618 151 1994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 NA 768 8,996 942 8,054 15 1995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 NA 774 8,835 949 7,886 -246 1996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 NA 837 9,478 981 8,498 -151 1997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 NA 850 10,162 1,003 9,158 143 1998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 NA 886 10,708 945 9,764 239 1999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 NA 886 10,852 940 9,912 -422 2000 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 NA 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 -69 2001 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 NA 903 11,871 971 10,900 325 2002 4,761 984 5,746 1,880 7,626 NA 957 11,530 984 10,546 -105 2003 4,706 974 5,681 1,719 7,400 NA 974 12,264 1,027 11,238 56 2004 4,510 908 5,419 1,809 7,228 NA 1,051 13,145 1,048 12,097 209 2005 4,314 864 5,178 1,717 6,895 NA 989 13,714 1,165 12,549 145 2006 4,361 741 5,102 1,739 6,841 NA 994 13,707 1,317 12,390 60 2007 4,342 722 5,064 1,783 6,847 NA 996 13,468 1,433 12,036 -148 2008 4,268 683 4,950 1,784 6,734 NA 993 12,915 1,802 11,114 195 2009 R4,715 645 R5,361 R1,910 R7,270 R746 R979 R11,691 R2,024 R9,667 R109 2010P 4,913 599 5,512 2,001 7,513 902 1,064 11,753 2,312 9,440 48 

1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and

a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes whatwas previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blendingcomponents, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments."

2 Includes lease condensate. 3 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 4 See Table 5.10. 5 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production. 6 Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8. 7 Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 8 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Beginning in 2009, also

includes biodiesel and other renewable fuels blended into petroleum. 9 Net imports equal imports minus exports.

10 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includes

crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast

Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.

11 An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline 

ethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), App

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels 

barrels per day.

Notes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum 

"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petrole

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, P

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Petroreports. • 2010—EIA, PSM (February 2011).
Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2010

By Site48 States1 and Alaska Number of Producing Wells Average Productivity136 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Source: Table 5.2.

Total

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative) Offshore Onshore

Alaska

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day48 States1

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

200400600800

Thousand Wells

1960 1970 

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

1985: 647 thousand wells

2010: 530

thousand

wells

Peak

18.6

in 197
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2010

Year

Geographic Location Site Type

Total

Production

Crude 

48 States 2 Alaska Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Lease Condensate Producing Wel

Thousand Barrels per Day Thousands 

1954 6,342 0 6,209 133 6,342 5 ( ) 6,342 511 1955 6,807 0 6,645 162 6,807 5 ( ) 6,807 524 1960 7,034 2 6,716 319 7,035 5 ( ) 7,035 591 1965 7,774 30 7,140 665 7,804 5 ( ) 7,804 589 1970 9,408 229 8,060 1,577 9,180 457 9,637 531 1975 8,183 191 7,012 1,362 8,007 367 8,375 500 1976 7,958 173 6,868 1,264 7,776 356 8,132 499 1977 7,781 464 7,069 1,176 7,875 370 8,245 507 1978 7,478 1,229 7,571 1,136 8,353 355 8,707 517 1979 7,151 1,401 7,485 1,067 8,181 371 8,552 531 1980 6,980 1,617 7,562 1,034 8,210 386 8,597 548 1981 6,962 1,609 7,537 1,034 8,176 395 8,572 557 1982 6,953 1,696 7,538 1,110 8,261 387 8,649 580 1983 6,974 1,714 7,492 1,196 8,688 5 ( ) 8,688 603 1984 7,157 1,722 7,596 1,283 8,879 5 ( ) 8,879 621 1985 7,146 1,825 7,722 1,250 8,971 5 ( ) 8,971 647 1986 6,814 1,867 7,426 1,254 8,680 5 ( ) 8,680 623 1987 6,387 1,962 7,153 1,196 8,349 5 ( ) 8,349 620 1988 6,123 2,017 6,949 1,191 8,140 5 ( ) 8,140 612 1989 5,739 1,874 6,486 1,127 7,613 5 ( ) 7,613 603 1990 5,582 1,773 6,273 1,082 7,355 5 ( ) 7,355 602 1991 5,618 1,798 6,245 1,172 7,417 5 ( ) 7,417 614 1992 5,457 1,714 5,953 1,218 7,171 5 ( ) 7,171 594 1993 5,264 1,582 5,606 1,241 6,847 5 ( ) 6,847 584 1994 5,103 1,559 5,291 1,370 6,662 5 ( ) 6,662 582 1995 5,076 1,484 5,035 1,525 6,560 5 ( ) 6,560 574 1996 5,071 1,393 4,902 1,562 6,465 5 ( ) 6,465 574 1997 5,156 1,296 4,803 1,648 6,452 5 ( ) 6,452 573 1998 5,077 1,175 4,560 1,692 6,252 5 ( ) 6,252 562 1999 4,832 1,050 4,132 1,750 5,881 5 ( ) 5,881 546 2000 4,851 970 4,049 1,773 5,822 5 ( ) 5,822 534 2001 4,839 963 3,879 1,923 5,801 5 ( ) 5,801 530 2002 4,761 984 3,743 2,003 5,746 5 ( ) 5,746 529 2003 4,706 974 3,668 2,012 5,681 5 ( ) 5,681 513 2004 4,510 908 3,536 1,883 5,419 5 ( ) 5,419 510 2005 4,314 864 3,466 1,712 5,178 5 ( ) 5,178 498 2006 4,361 741 3,401 1,701 5,102 5 ( ) 5,102 497 2007 4,342 722 3,407 1,657 5,064 5 ( ) 5,064 500 2008 4,268 683 R3,452 R1,498 4,950 5 ( ) 4,950 526 2009 R4,715 645 R3,622 R1,738 R5,361 5 ( ) R5,361 526 2010 P4,913 P599 E3,691 E1,821 P5,512 5 ( ) P5,512 530 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 3 As of December 31. 4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in

1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.

5 Included in "Crude Oil."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1954. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: Onshore: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement

(PS), Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports.

• 2010—EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil Fir

production data reported by State conservation agencies. Offshore: Survey, Outer Continental Shelf Statistics (June 1979). • 1970-1975—Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Dreports. • 1981-2009—EIA, PSA, annual reports. • 2010—EIA es"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil production daagencies. Producing Wells: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Petroleum Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Rep• 1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Association of America, The Oil • 1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co., World Oil, February issues. All Otof Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, PSA, annual reports. Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type

Total, 1949-2010 By Selected Product, 1949-2010By Product, 2010138 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and

oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Total

Crude

Oil

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Products

758

614

382

223

150 135

90

20

Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils Residual Distillate LPG1 Motor Jet Fuel Aspha

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day

Blending Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Gasoline

Components

Road 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1,2

Petroleum Products

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 3

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 5

Motor Gasoline

Blending

Components

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

Other

Products Propane 6 

4 Total

1949 421 3 5 3 ( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 0 1950 487 5 7 3 ( ) 0 0 (s) 7 ( ) 329 21 1 1955 782 9 12 3 ( ) 0 0 13 7 ( ) 417 15 0 1960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 27 7 ( ) 637 45 (s) 1965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 28 7 ( ) 946 92 10 1970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 67 7 ( ) 1,528 108 32 1975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 184 7 ( ) 1,223 36 95 1976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 131 7 ( ) 1,413 32 87 1977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 217 7 ( ) 1,359 31 95 1978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 190 7 ( ) 1,355 27 50 1979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 181 7 ( ) 1,151 59 54 1980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 140 7 ( ) 939 55 72 1981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 48 1982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 84 1983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 94 1984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 171 1985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 130 1986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 153 1987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 146 1988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 196 1989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 183 1990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 198 1991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 198 1992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 195 1993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 219 1994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 291 1995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 276 1996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 319 1997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 360 1998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 350 1999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 375 2000 9,071 28 295 162 161 215 427 223 352 274 414 2001 9,328 26 344 148 140 206 454 298 295 378 393 2002 9,140 27 267 107 145 183 498 311 249 410 337 2003 9,665 12 333 109 168 225 518 367 327 335 373 2004 10,088 43 325 127 209 263 496 451 426 490 436 2005 10,126 43 329 190 233 328 603 510 530 582 473 2006 10,118 50 365 186 228 332 475 669 350 689 473 2007 10,031 40 304 217 182 247 413 753 372 717 375 2008 9,783 25 213 103 185 253 302 789 349 763 337 2009 R9,013 R22 R225 R81 R147 R182 R223 R719 R331 R677 R217 2010P 9,163 20 223 90 120 150 135 758 382 614 217 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 3 Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet

fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 4 Includes propylene. 5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blendingcomponents.

6 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and

special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. 7 Included in "Motor Gasoline."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barreNotes: • Includes imports from U.S. possessions and territories. • 

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#pet

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministratioPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Preports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2010 Selected Countries, 2010Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2010 Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2010140 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.4.

Total

Non-OPEC

OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0369

12

15

Million Barrels per Day

2.5

1.3

1.1 1.0 1.0

0

Canada Mexico Saudi Nigeria Vene- Ru

0.00.40.8

1.2

1.62.02.42.8

Million Barrels per Day

Saudi Arabia

Venezuela Nigeria

Arabia

Iraq

zuela

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Total

Imports

Iraq Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Brazil Canada Mexico Russia 5

United

Kingdom

Total

Non-OPEC 4

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 22 6 ( ) 84 911 1,233 1 120 16 0 (s) 581 1,815 1965 345 16 6 ( ) 158 994 1,439 0 323 48 0 (s) 1,029 2,468 1966 306 26 6 ( ) 147 1,018 1,444 0 384 45 0 6 1,129 2,573 1967 198 5 6 ( ) 92 938 1,247 2 450 49 0 11 1,290 2,537 1968 202 0 6 ( ) 74 886 1,287 (s) 506 45 0 28 1,553 2,840 1969 179 0 6 ( ) 65 875 1,286 0 608 43 2 20 1,879 3,166 1970 121 0 6 ( ) 30 989 1,294 2 766 42 3 11 2,126 3,419 1971 299 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 3 857 27 0 10 2,253 3,926 1972 471 4 251 190 959 2,046 5 1,108 21 8 9 2,695 4,741 1973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 9 1,325 16 26 15 3,263 6,256 1974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,256 2 1,070 8 20 8 2,856 6,112 1975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 5 846 71 14 14 2,454 6,056 1976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 0 599 87 11 31 2,247 7,313 1977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 0 517 179 12 126 2,614 8,807 1978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 0 467 318 8 180 2,612 8,363 1979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 1 538 439 1 202 2,819 8,456 1980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 3 455 533 1 176 2,609 6,909 1981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 23 447 522 5 375 2,672 5,996 1982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 47 482 685 1 456 2,968 5,113 1983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 41 547 826 1 382 3,189 5,051 1984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 60 630 748 13 402 3,388 5,437 1985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 61 770 816 8 310 3,237 5,067 1986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 50 807 699 18 350 3,387 6,224 1987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 84 848 655 11 352 3,617 6,678 1988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 98 999 747 29 315 3,882 7,402 1989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 82 931 767 48 215 3,921 8,061 1990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 49 934 755 45 189 3,721 8,018 1991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 22 1,033 807 29 138 3,535 7,627 1992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 20 1,069 830 18 230 3,796 7,888 1993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 33 1,181 919 55 350 4,347 8,620 1994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 31 1,272 984 30 458 4,749 8,996 1995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 8 1,332 1,068 25 383 4,833 8,835 1996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 9 1,424 1,244 25 308 5,267 9,478 1997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 5 1,563 1,385 13 226 5,593 10,162 1998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 26 1,598 1,351 24 250 5,803 10,708 1999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 26 1,539 1,324 89 365 5,899 10,852 2000 2,488 620 896 1,572 1,546 5,203 51 1,807 1,373 72 366 6,257 11,459 2001 2,761 795 885 1,662 1,553 5,528 82 1,828 1,440 90 324 6,343 11,871 2002 2,269 459 621 1,552 1,398 4,605 116 1,971 1,547 210 478 6,925 11,530 2003 2,501 481 867 1,774 1,376 5,162 108 2,072 1,623 254 440 7,103 12,264 2004 2,493 656 1,140 1,558 1,554 5,701 104 2,138 1,665 298 380 7,444 13,145 2005 2,334 531 1,166 1,537 1,529 5,587 156 2,181 1,662 410 396 8,127 13,714 2006 2,211 553 1,114 1,463 1,419 5,517 193 2,353 1,705 369 272 8,190 13,707 2007 2,163 484 1,134 1,485 1,361 5,980 200 2,455 1,532 414 277 7,489 13,468 2008 2,370 627 988 1,529 1,189 5,954 258 2,493 1,302 465 236 6,961 12,915 2009 R1,689 450 R809 R1,004 R1,063 R4,776 R309 R2,479 R1,210 R563 245 R6,915 R11,691 2010P 1,708 414 1,025 1,094 987 4,885 271 2,532 1,280 611 256 6,867 11,753 

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports

from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See

"U.S.S.R." in Glossary. 6 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "T

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barreNotes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not 

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petro

1960. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Cr

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministratioP.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—annual reports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type

Total, 1949-2010 By Selected Product, 1949-2010By Product, 2010142 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.

2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,

pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.5.

Total

Products

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

100200300400500600700

Thousand Barrels per Day

Residual Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil Coke Fuel Oil Gasoline Nap

656

449

405

296

132

84

62

Distillate Petroleum Residual Motor LPG1 Jet Fuel Lubricants Sp

0

100200300400500600700

Thousand Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1

Petroleum Products

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 4

Petroleum

Coke

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Residual

Fuel Oil

Special

Naphthas

Othe

Produc

Propane 

3 Total

1949 91 34 2 ( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 15 1950 95 35 2 ( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 12 1955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 18 1960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 9 1965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 20 1970 14 2 6 6 27 44 1 84 10 54 4 12 1975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 6 1976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 6 1977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 7 1978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 2 1979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 3 1980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 4 1981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 4 1982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 4 1983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 3 1984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 6 1985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 4 1986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 8 1987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 7 1988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 6 1989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 15 1990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 13 1991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 9 1992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 16 1993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 20 1994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 26 1995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 25 1996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 36 1997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 44 1998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 70 1999 118 162 32 33 50 28 111 242 0 129 16 52 2000 50 173 32 53 74 26 144 319 0 139 20 64 2001 20 119 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 191 23 50 2002 9 112 15 55 67 33 124 337 0 177 15 94 2003 12 107 20 37 56 37 125 361 0 197 22 89 2004 27 110 40 28 43 41 124 350 0 205 27 82 2005 32 138 53 37 53 40 136 347 0 251 21 94 2006 25 215 41 45 56 55 142 366 0 283 14 121 2007 27 268 41 42 57 59 127 366 0 330 18 140 2008 29 528 61 53 67 60 172 377 0 355 13 139 2009 44 587 69 85 100 57 195 391 0 415 22 R143 2010P 42 656 84 109 132 62 296 449 0 405 36 152 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,

kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "OtherProducts." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."

3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline. 5 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other

hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-typejet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-typejet fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 baNotes: • Includes exports to U.S. possessions and territories. 

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#p

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surve

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministraPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, reports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2010 By Selected Country, 1960-2010By Selected Country, 2010144 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Source: Table 5.6.

Total Exports

Japan

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

0

100200300400500

Thousand Barrels per Day

Exports to

Canada and Mexico

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per Day Canada 

and

Luxembourg

447

211

160

122

88

37 36 36

19 17 

Mexico Canada Netherlands Brazil Japan Italy France Spain Belgium United 

0

100200300400500

Thousand Barrels per Day

Kingdom 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Brazil Canada France Italy Japan Mexico

Netherlands South Korea Spain United Kingdom

U

Is

Pu

1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 1967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 1968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 1969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 1970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 1971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 1972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 1973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 1974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 1975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 1976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 1977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 1978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 1979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 1980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 1981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 1982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 1983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 1984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 1985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 1986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 1987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 1988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 1989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 1990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 1991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 1992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 1993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 1994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 1995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 1996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 1997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 1998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 1999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 2000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 2001 16 23 112 13 33 62 274 45 14 51 13 2002 19 26 106 12 29 74 254 23 11 54 12 2003 13 27 141 9 39 69 228 15 10 39 6 2004 20 27 158 18 32 63 209 36 12 42 14 2005 21 39 181 14 28 56 268 25 16 35 21 2006 23 42 159 13 39 58 255 83 21 42 28 2007 13 46 189 24 34 54 279 81 16 48 9 2008 18 54 264 27 41 54 333 131 18 54 17 2009 29 55 223 34 35 R58 322 192 23 40 33 2010P 19 122 211 36 37 88 447 160 12 36 17 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1960. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry 

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdmPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—reports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011
Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2010

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC By Selected CountryTotal Net Imports as Share of Consumption Net Imports From OPEC146 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.7.

OPEC

NonOPEC 

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

0

1

2

34

Million Barrels per Day 

Total

Share of

Total Net Imports

Share of

Consumption

2010: 49.3%

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100

Percent

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

0

255075

100

Percent

1985: 27.3%

1973: 34.8%
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Total

Net

Imports

Total Net

Imports as

Share of 

Consumption 5

N

Algeria Nigeria

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Mexico

United

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands and

Puerto Rico

Total

Non-OPEC 4

S

T

Im

Thousand Barrels per Day P

1960 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 84 910 1,232 86 -2 -12 34 381 1,613 16.5 1965 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 158 994 1,438 297 21 -11 45 843 2,281 19.8 1970 NA 8 9 ( ) 30 989 1,294 736 9 -1 270 1,867 3,161 21.5 1971 NA 15 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 24.3 1972 NA 92 251 189 959 2,044 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,475 4,519 27.6 1973 NA 136 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 34.8 1974 NA 190 713 461 978 3,254 1,038 -27 1 475 2,638 5,892 35.4 1975 NA 282 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 35.8 1976 NA 432 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 40.6 1977 NA 559 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 46.5 1978 NA 649 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 42.5 1979 NA 636 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 43.1 1980 NA 488 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 37.3 1981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 33.6 1982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 28.1 1983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 28.3 1984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 30.0 1985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 27.3 1986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 33.4 1987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 35.5 1988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 38.1 1989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 41.6 1990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 42.2 1991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 39.6 1992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 40.7 1993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 44.2 1994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 45.5 1995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 44.5 1996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 46.4 1997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 49.2 1998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 51.6 1999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 50.8 2000 2,483 225 896 1,571 1,530 5,181 1,697 1,015 356 297 5,238 10,419 52.9 2001 2,758 278 884 1,662 1,540 5,510 1,717 1,166 311 268 5,390 10,900 55.5 2002 2,265 264 620 1,551 1,387 4,589 1,864 1,292 467 224 5,958 10,546 53.4 2003 2,497 381 866 1,774 1,364 5,144 1,932 1,395 434 279 6,094 11,238 56.1 2004 2,489 452 1,139 1,557 1,548 5,688 1,980 1,456 366 321 6,409 12,097 58.4 2005 2,330 478 1,165 1,536 1,515 5,567 2,001 1,394 375 317 6,982 12,549 60.3 2006 2,208 657 1,111 1,462 1,392 5,480 2,194 1,450 244 318 6,910 12,390 59.9 2007 2,159 663 1,133 1,483 1,339 5,946 2,266 1,254 268 336 6,090 12,036 58.2 2008 2,368 548 982 1,529 1,162 5,899 2,229 969 219 307 5,214 11,114 57.0 2009 R1,678 R490 R798 R1,003 R1,037 R4,675 R2,257 R888 R212 257 R4,991 R9,667 R51.5 2010P 1,704 507 1,009 1,093 967 4,769 2,321 833 239 238 4,672 9,440 49.3 

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone

(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). 3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes importsfrom the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied

(consumption). 6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports. 7 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum product

supplied (consumption). 8 Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960-1968, Algeria is included in "Tota

9 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Tota

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be 

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refrefineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crudimports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Totals may ndue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleu

1960. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude 

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration P.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIAannual reports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2010

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs Refinery and Blender Net Production of Select148 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 See Table 5.8, footnote 4. Source: Table 5.8.

Resid

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

Motor G

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

 and Other Liquids1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs 1 Refinery and Blender Net Production 2

Crude

Oil 3

Natural Gas

Plant

Liquids

Other

Liquids 4 Total

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 6

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

Still

Gas

Othe

Produc

1949 5,327 234 28 5,588 155 934 5 ( ) 64 2,572 46 1,164 226 421950 5,739 259 19 6,018 179 1,093 5 ( ) 80 2,735 47 1,165 229 491955 7,480 345 32 7,857 251 1,651 155 119 3,648 78 1,152 319 511960 8,067 455 61 8,583 286 1,823 241 212 4,126 164 908 354 611965 9,043 618 88 9,750 357 2,096 523 293 4,507 236 736 395 821970 10,870 763 121 11,754 428 2,454 827 345 5,699 296 706 483 871975 12,442 710 72 13,225 408 2,653 871 311 6,518 354 1,235 523 811976 13,416 725 59 14,200 391 2,924 918 340 6,838 356 1,377 541 991977 14,602 673 74 15,349 431 3,277 973 352 7,031 369 1,754 572 1,111978 14,739 639 92 15,470 482 3,167 970 355 7,167 369 1,667 603 1,181979 14,648 510 78 15,236 467 3,152 1,012 340 6,837 376 1,687 598 1,291980 13,481 462 81 14,025 393 2,661 999 330 6,492 370 1,580 581 1,211981 12,470 524 488 13,482 340 2,613 968 315 6,400 390 1,321 565 1,071982 11,774 515 572 12,861 329 2,606 978 270 6,336 410 1,070 554 831983 11,685 460 505 12,650 372 2,456 1,022 328 6,338 420 852 550 801984 12,044 500 581 13,126 386 2,680 1,132 363 6,453 439 891 559 771985 12,002 509 681 13,192 401 2,686 1,189 391 6,419 455 882 584 741986 12,716 479 711 13,906 410 2,796 1,293 417 6,752 506 889 641 811987 12,854 466 667 13,987 434 2,729 1,343 449 6,841 512 885 643 791988 13,246 511 610 14,367 443 2,857 1,370 499 6,956 544 926 670 751989 13,401 499 613 14,513 424 2,899 1,403 554 6,963 542 954 681 751990 13,409 467 713 14,589 449 2,925 1,488 499 6,959 552 950 673 771991 13,301 472 768 14,541 430 2,962 1,438 536 6,975 568 934 651 761992 13,411 469 745 14,626 419 2,974 1,399 607 7,058 596 892 659 791993 13,613 491 917 15,021 451 3,132 1,422 592 7,304 619 835 653 781994 13,866 465 691 15,023 451 3,205 1,448 611 7,181 622 826 657 791995 13,973 471 775 15,220 467 3,155 1,416 654 7,459 630 788 647 771996 14,195 450 843 15,487 459 3,316 1,515 662 7,565 664 726 654 761997 14,662 416 832 15,909 485 3,392 1,554 691 7,743 689 708 661 831998 14,889 403 853 16,144 498 3,424 1,526 674 7,892 712 762 656 881999 14,804 372 927 16,103 505 3,399 1,565 684 7,934 713 698 656 832000 15,067 380 849 16,295 525 3,580 1,606 705 7,951 727 696 659 792001 15,128 429 825 16,382 485 3,695 1,530 667 8,022 767 721 670 722002 14,947 429 941 16,316 492 3,592 1,514 671 8,183 781 601 667 772003 15,304 419 791 16,513 496 3,707 1,488 658 8,194 798 660 702 782004 15,475 422 866 16,762 508 3,814 1,547 645 8,265 836 655 704 832005 15,220 441 1,149 16,811 512 3,954 1,546 573 8,318 835 628 684 752006 15,242 501 1,238 16,981 506 4,040 1,481 627 8,364 848 635 709 762007 15,156 505 1,337 16,999 456 4,133 1,448 655 8,358 823 673 697 752008 14,648 485 2,019 17,153 410 4,294 1,493 630 8,548 818 620 670 662009 R14,336 R485 R2,082 R16,904 359 R4,048 R1,396 R623 R8,786 R799 R598 R664 R602010P 14,722 435 2,207 17,364 378 4,226 1,418 651 9,046 812 582 670 64

1 See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary. 2 See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation

and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net).

5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

7 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscel

also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includnaphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#pe

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Survey

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministratPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Preports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2010

Number of Operable Refineries UtilizationCapacity150 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Operable refineries capacity on January 1. Source: Table 5.9.

324 in 1981

68.6% in 1981

148 in 2010

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

100200300400

Total Units

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Capacity1

Unused Capacity

Gross Input to Distillation Units
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Operable

Refineries 1

Operable Refineries Capacity

Gross Input

to Distillation Units 3 

On January 1 Annual Average 2 

Number Thousand Barrels per Day Thousand Barrels per Day 

1949 336 6,231 NA 5,556 1950 320 6,223 NA 5,980 1955 296 8,386 NA 7,820 1960 309 9,843 NA 8,439 1965 293 10,420 NA 9,557 1970 276 12,021 NA 11,517 1975 279 14,961 NA 12,902 1976 276 15,237 NA 13,884 1977 282 16,398 NA 14,982 1978 296 17,048 NA 15,071 1979 308 17,441 NA 14,955 1980 319 17,988 NA 13,796 1981 324 18,621 18,603 12,752 1982 301 17,890 17,432 12,172 1983 258 16,859 16,668 11,947 1984 247 16,137 16,035 12,216 1985 223 15,659 15,671 12,165 1986 216 15,459 15,459 12,826 1987 219 15,566 15,642 13,003 1988 213 15,915 15,927 13,447 1989 204 15,655 15,701 13,551 1990 205 15,572 15,623 13,610 1991 202 15,676 15,707 13,508 1992 199 15,696 15,460 13,600 1993 187 15,121 15,143 13,851 1994 179 15,034 15,150 14,032 1995 175 15,434 15,346 14,119 1996 170 15,333 15,239 14,337 1997 164 15,452 15,594 14,838 1998 163 15,711 15,802 15,113 1999 159 16,261 16,282 15,080 2000 158 16,512 16,525 15,299 2001 155 16,595 16,582 15,352 2002 153 16,785 16,744 15,180 2003 149 16,757 16,748 15,508 2004 149 16,894 16,974 15,783 2005 148 17,125 17,196 15,578 2006 149 17,339 17,385 15,602 2007 149 17,443 17,450 15,450 2008 150 17,594 17,607 15,027 2009 150 17,672 R17,678 R14,659 2010P 148 17,584 17,590 15,162 

1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all

"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary. 2 Average of monthly capacity data. 3 See Note 3, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section. 4 Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sumof the current year’s January 1 capacity and the following year’s January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: Operable Refineries and Operable Refineries Capacity: • 1949-1961—Bureau of Mines

Information Circular, "Petroleum Refineries, Including Cracking 

• 1962-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum • 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Dthe United States. • 1982-2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PRefinery Capacity Report (June 2010), Table 1. Gross Input to Distiof Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude chapters. • 1967-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, reports. • 1978-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum RefinTerritories. • 1981-2009—EIA, PSA, annual reports. • 201(January-December 2010 issues). Utilization: • 1949-1980—Caannual reports. • 2010—Calculated.
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2010 By Product, 2010By Selected Product, 1949-2010152 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Source: Table 5.10.

LPG2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per Day NGPL1

833

565

271

Ethane Propane Pentanes 

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

Plus 

Isobu

Norm

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

300600900

Thousand Barrels per Day 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Finished

Petroleum

Products 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Pen

Pl

Ethane 

2 Isobutane

Normal

Butane 3 Propane 2,3 Total

1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 1950 66 12 13 69 101 195 1955 68 34 30 120 205 390 1960 47 51 45 161 291 549 1965 41 92 67 185 390 734 1970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 1975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 1976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 1977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 1978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 1979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 1980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 1981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 1982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 1983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 1984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 1985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 1986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 1987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 1988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 1989 NA 466 149 151 471 1,237 1990 NA 477 151 149 474 1,250 1991 NA 530 169 150 487 1,336 1992 NA 541 189 137 499 1,365 1993 NA 556 192 142 513 1,402 1994 NA 559 195 136 510 1,400 1995 NA 573 185 151 519 1,428 1996 NA 627 192 150 525 1,494 1997 NA 637 191 144 528 1,499 1998 NA 607 181 148 513 1,450 1999 NA 675 187 155 529 1,547 2000 NA 717 188 160 539 1,605 2001 NA 692 198 133 538 1,562 2002 NA 700 201 131 549 1,581 2003 NA 625 183 129 506 1,444 2004 NA 686 168 152 526 1,532 2005 NA 649 168 134 499 1,451 2006 NA 676 163 136 501 1,476 2007 NA 709 176 128 507 1,520 2008 NA 701 173 134 512 1,520 2009 NA R769 188 R136 R546 R1,639 R2010P NA 833 184 148 565 1,731 

1 Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products. 2 Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30

percent propane.

3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40

percent propane.

4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant

condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepenWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/ann

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum

Sources: • 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

Products" chapter. • 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy InformaReports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 198annual reports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (Februa
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

By Selected Product, 1949-2010By Product, 2010 Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Pro

1949-2010

154 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude oil burned as fuel.

Source: 5.11.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

Residual Fuel Oil

L

Jet Fuel

9.0

3.8

2.1

1.4

0.6 0.4

1.9

Motor Distillate LPG1 Jet Residual Petroleum Other2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

Fuel Oil Fuel Fuel Oil Coke
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 4 

Propane 2 Total 

1949 157 93 902 1 ( ) 281 NA 187 91 2,410 40 1,359 243 1950 180 108 1,082 1 ( ) 323 NA 234 106 2,616 41 1,517 250 1955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 3,463 67 1,526 366 1960 302 161 1,872 371 271 NA 621 117 3,969 149 1,529 435 1965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 657 1970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 866 1975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1,001 1976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1,145 1977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1,294 1978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1,391 1979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1,546 1980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1,581 1981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1,176 1982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 973 1983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1,042 1984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1,120 1985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1,032 1986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1,105 1987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1,176 1988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1,286 1989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1,284 1990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1,373 1991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1,299 1992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1,434 1993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1,373 1994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1,454 1995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1,381 1996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1,518 1997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1,605 1998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1,508 1999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 1,532 2000 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 1,458 2001 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 1,481 2002 512 18 3,776 1,614 43 1,248 2,163 151 8,848 463 700 1,474 2003 503 16 3,927 1,578 55 1,215 2,074 140 8,935 455 772 1,579 2004 537 17 4,058 1,630 64 1,276 2,132 141 9,105 524 865 1,657 2005 546 19 4,118 1,679 70 1,229 2,030 141 9,159 515 920 1,605 2006 521 18 4,169 1,633 54 1,215 2,052 137 9,253 522 689 1,640 2007 494 17 4,196 1,622 32 1,235 2,085 142 9,286 490 723 1,593 2008 417 15 3,945 1,539 14 1,154 1,954 131 8,989 464 622 1,408 2009 R360 14 3,631 R1,393 R18 R1,160 R2,051 R118 R8,997 R427 R511 R1,251 2010P 362 15 3,794 1,424 20 1,139 2,104 130 9,034 376 550 1,340 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximatio

Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," a"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#pe

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Survey

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministratPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Preports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Sof Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2010 1949-2010By Product, 2010 By Selected Product, 1949-2010156 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

38%

 in 2010

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

204060

Percent

1950 1960 1970 1980 1

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Peak

48% in 1977

46% in 1973

Motor G

Motor Gasoline

Distilla

Total Petroleum

Fuel Oil

37% in 1949

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

17.2

8.1

2.9 2.7

1.3 0.9

4.0

Motor Distillate Jet LPG1 Residual Asphalt Other2

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Gasoline Fuel

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude burned as fuel.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.

Fuel Oil and

Road Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Othe

Propane 

2 Total

1949 380 172 1,918 1 ( ) 582 NA 274 201 4,621 87 3,118 531950 435 199 2,300 1 ( ) 668 NA 343 236 5,015 90 3,482 541955 615 354 3,385 301 662 NA 592 258 6,640 147 3,502 791960 734 298 3,992 739 563 NA 912 259 7,631 328 3,517 941965 890 222 4,519 1,215 553 NA 1,232 286 8,806 444 3,691 1,391970 1,082 100 5,401 1,973 544 1,086 1,689 301 11,091 465 5,057 1,81975 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649 R2,101976 998 67 6,679 2,026 351 1,166 1,907 338 13,415 537 6,445 R2,41977 1,056 70 7,126 2,126 363 1,150 1,908 354 13,760 589 7,047 R2,721978 1,160 71 7,296 2,164 363 1,089 1,892 380 14,211 562 6,936 R2,921979 1,153 70 7,039 2,204 389 1,189 2,138 397 13,487 541 6,485 R3,21980 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772 R3,271981 828 56 6,014 2,062 263 1,082 1,949 339 12,631 553 4,791 R2,441982 829 47 5,679 2,072 266 1,117 1,978 309 12,538 545 3,939 R2,031983 904 48 5,720 2,141 263 1,051 1,990 324 12,697 503 3,260 R2,201984 992 44 6,065 2,414 239 1,170 2,071 346 12,867 545 3,151 R2,31985 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759 R2,151986 1,086 59 6,196 2,682 203 1,163 R2,010 315 13,487 590 3,255 R2,31987 1,130 46 6,328 2,843 196 1,294 R2,152 356 13,816 657 2,901 R2,431988 1,136 49 6,655 2,982 200 1,296 2,213 343 14,105 687 3,170 R2,681989 1,096 48 6,712 3,059 174 1,387 2,243 352 14,050 676 3,144 R2,651990 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820 R2,831991 1,077 42 6,210 3,025 96 1,374 R2,228 324 13,781 722 2,657 2,681992 1,102 41 6,351 3,001 86 1,449 2,328 330 13,973 843 2,518 R2,951993 1,149 38 6,466 3,028 103 1,409 2,282 337 14,335 804 2,479 R2,821994 1,173 38 6,723 3,154 101 1,515 2,494 352 14,511 793 2,342 2,981995 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955 R2,831996 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952 R3,121997 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 3,291998 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 3,091999 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905 R3,122000 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091 R2,972001 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 3,052002 1,240 34 8,028 3,340 90 1,747 2,852 334 16,819 1,018 1,605 R3,042003 1,220 30 8,349 3,265 113 1,701 R2,748 309 16,981 1,000 1,772 R3,262004 1,304 31 8,652 3,383 133 1,791 2,824 313 17,379 1,156 1,990 R3,422005 1,323 35 8,755 3,475 144 1,721 2,682 312 17,444 1,133 2,111 R3,32006 1,261 33 8,864 3,379 111 1,701 R2,700 303 17,622 1,148 1,581 3,42007 1,197 32 8,921 3,358 67 1,729 2,733 313 17,689 1,077 1,659 R3,32008 1,012 28 8,411 3,193 30 1,620 2,574 291 17,168 1,022 1,432 R2,942009 R873 R27 7,720 R2,883 R36 R1,624 R2,664 R262 R17,135 R938 R1,173 R2,62010P 877 27 8,066 2,946 41 1,595 2,732 289 17,207 826 1,263 2,79

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes

crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-ty

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applica

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approxim

Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Stamay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2010By Sector, 2010 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2010158 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13b.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day Transportation

Residential and Commercial1

Industrial1

0.7 0.4

4.4

13.5

0.2

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

4 2

23

10

6

28

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

1949 2010

Power2 
Figure 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13a. Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel

 Oil

LPG2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Asphalt and Road O

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day Motor Gasoline Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum
160 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Yea

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residu

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 O

1949 329 140 84 553 4 ( ) 104 104 19 22 48 NA 4 ( ) 1950 390 168 104 662 4 ( ) 123 123 23 28 52 NA 4 ( ) 1955 562 179 144 885 4 ( ) 177 177 24 38 69 NA 4 ( ) 1960 736 171 217 1,123 4 ( ) 232 232 23 58 35 NA 4 ( ) 1965 805 161 275 1,242 4 ( ) 251 251 26 74 40 NA 4 ( ) 1970 883 144 392 1,419 4 ( ) 276 276 30 102 45 NA 4 ( ) 1975 850 78 365 1,293 4 ( ) 276 276 24 92 46 NA 4 ( ) 1976 932 89 379 1,400 4 ( ) 308 308 21 97 50 NA 4 ( ) 1977 938 81 371 1,390 4 ( ) 318 318 25 96 52 NA 4 ( ) 1978 917 74 360 1,351 4 ( ) 313 313 26 94 56 NA 4 ( ) 1979 765 64 243 1,072 4 ( ) 274 274 38 68 54 NA 4 ( ) 1980 617 51 222 890 4 ( ) 243 243 20 63 56 NA 4 ( ) 1981 540 41 213 794 4 ( ) 215 215 34 62 48 NA 4 ( ) 1982 494 46 206 746 4 ( ) 207 207 15 58 46 NA 4 ( ) 1983 435 41 245 721 4 ( ) 306 306 54 69 53 NA 4 ( ) 1984 512 77 199 788 4 ( ) 345 345 17 59 56 NA 4 ( ) 1985 514 77 224 815 4 ( ) 297 297 16 68 50 NA 4 ( ) 1986 523 59 220 801 4 ( ) 293 293 24 66 55 NA 4 ( ) 1987 544 57 244 845 4 ( ) 286 286 24 72 58 NA 4 ( ) 1988 558 69 243 870 4 ( ) 281 281 13 71 57 NA 4 ( ) 1989 546 57 273 876 3 267 270 13 78 53 0 2 1990 460 31 252 742 3 249 252 6 73 58 0 3 1991 438 35 270 743 2 241 243 6 77 44 0 2 1992 460 31 263 754 1 236 238 5 76 41 (s) 2 1993 458 37 278 773 2 230 232 7 78 15 (s) 2 1994 451 31 274 757 3 233 236 9 77 13 (s) 2 1995 426 36 282 743 2 223 225 11 78 10 (s) 1 1996 434 43 334 811 2 225 227 10 87 14 (s) 1 1997 411 45 325 781 3 206 209 12 86 22 (s) 1 1998 363 52 303 718 2 199 202 15 84 20 (s) 3 1999 389 54 376 819 2 204 206 13 100 15 (s) 2 2000 424 46 395 865 2 228 230 14 107 23 (s) 2 2001 427 46 375 849 3 236 239 15 102 20 (s) 2 2002 404 29 384 817 2 207 209 8 101 24 (s) 1 2003 425 34 389 848 2 225 226 9 112 32 (s) 2 2004 433 41 364 839 3 218 221 10 108 23 (s) 2 2005 402 40 366 809 2 208 210 10 94 24 (s) 2 2006 335 32 318 685 1 188 189 7 88 26 (s) 1 2007 342 21 345 708 1 180 181 4 87 32 (s) 1 2008 R314 10 394 R718 1 R173 R174 2 113 24 (s) 1 2009 R283 R13 R391 R687 1 R194 R194 2 R99 R28 (s) R1 2010P 295 15 401 711 1 202 203 2 102 28 (s) (s) 

1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table

5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,

"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end 

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds

Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Other Da

Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual rAdministration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-1972—EIA, "State Energy DU.S. Tables CT4 and CT5. • 1973 forward—EIA, Monthly Energy Re
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Tota

1949 157 5 ( ) 265 265 123 80 36 121 5 ( ) 40 40 5 ( ) 534 531950 180 5 ( ) 328 328 132 100 43 131 5 ( ) 41 41 5 ( ) 617 611955 254 5 ( ) 466 466 116 212 47 173 5 ( ) 67 67 5 ( ) 686 681960 302 5 ( ) 476 476 78 333 48 198 5 ( ) 149 149 5 ( ) 689 681965 368 5 ( ) 541 541 80 470 62 179 5 ( ) 202 202 5 ( ) 689 681970 447 5 ( ) 577 577 89 699 70 150 5 ( ) 203 203 5 ( ) 708 701975 419 5 ( ) 630 630 58 844 68 116 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 658 651976 411 5 ( ) 717 717 59 895 75 110 5 ( ) 242 242 5 ( ) 792 791977 436 5 ( ) 809 809 69 918 82 102 5 ( ) 266 266 5 ( ) 844 841978 479 5 ( ) 823 823 75 921 88 93 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 748 741979 476 5 ( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 84 5 ( ) 243 243 5 ( ) 721 721980 396 5 ( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 82 5 ( ) 234 234 5 ( ) 586 581981 342 5 ( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 83 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 471 471982 342 5 ( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 72 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 456 451983 373 5 ( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 59 5 ( ) 225 225 5 ( ) 345 341984 408 5 ( ) 564 564 21 1,283 80 83 5 ( ) 244 244 5 ( ) 386 381985 425 5 ( ) 526 526 21 1,285 75 114 5 ( ) 261 261 5 ( ) 326 321986 448 5 ( ) 546 546 16 1,207 73 108 5 ( ) 264 264 5 ( ) 321 321987 467 5 ( ) 537 537 14 1,279 83 107 5 ( ) 294 294 5 ( ) 253 251988 468 5 ( ) 530 530 14 1,326 80 100 5 ( ) 306 306 5 ( ) 237 231989 453 5 531 536 14 1,300 82 104 5 295 300 57 121 171990 483 7 534 541 6 1,215 84 97 25 300 325 63 116 171991 444 12 495 507 5 1,326 75 101 22 293 315 55 91 141992 454 10 509 519 5 1,402 77 101 26 336 362 59 109 161993 474 10 515 525 6 1,363 78 94 22 308 330 65 129 191994 484 10 513 522 8 1,505 82 101 25 304 329 69 113 181995 486 6 526 532 7 1,527 80 105 26 302 328 60 87 141996 484 8 549 557 9 1,580 78 105 27 317 343 66 80 141997 505 8 558 566 9 1,617 82 111 37 294 331 56 71 121998 521 16 554 570 11 1,553 86 105 29 362 390 60 40 101999 547 16 542 558 6 1,709 87 80 31 395 426 52 38 92000 525 10 553 563 8 1,720 86 79 19 342 361 48 57 102001 519 9 602 611 11 1,557 79 155 15 375 390 46 42 82002 512 6 561 566 7 1,668 78 163 21 362 383 37 46 82003 503 10 525 534 12 1,561 72 171 17 358 375 38 58 92004 537 9 561 570 14 1,646 73 195 18 405 423 46 62 102005 546 11 583 594 19 1,549 72 187 14 390 404 46 77 122006 521 5 589 594 14 1,627 71 198 21 404 425 33 71 102007 494 4 591 595 6 1,637 73 161 22 390 412 30 54 82008 417 3 R596 R599 2 R1,419 67 131 16 377 394 14 73 82009 R360 R7 R514 R521 2 R1,541 61 R128 R17 R347 R363 R13 R33 R42010P 362 4 540 544 2 1,581 67 129 13 297 310 9 42 5

1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 

See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

5 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleu

5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of pet"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#pe

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.htm

Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—Bureau o

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy Informati• 1960-1972—EIA, "State Energy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2forward—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (April 2011), Table 3.7b.
162 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 5.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Transportation Sector

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 2

Re

Kerosene Type Total F

1

1949 93 190 0 1 ( ) 1 54 2,241 1950 108 226 0 1 ( ) 2 64 2,433 1955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 1960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 1965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 1970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 1975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 1976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 1977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 1978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 1979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 1980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 1981 31 1,365 808 1,006 24 74 6,456 1982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 1983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 1984 24 1,383 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 1985 27 1,491 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 1986 32 1,514 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 1987 25 1,568 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 1988 27 1,701 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 1989 26 1,734 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 1990 24 1,722 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 1991 23 1,694 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 1992 22 1,728 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 1993 21 1,785 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 1994 21 1,896 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 1995 21 1,973 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 1996 20 2,096 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 1997 22 2,198 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 1998 19 2,263 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,128 1999 21 2,352 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,336 2000 20 2,422 1,725 1,725 8 81 8,370 2001 19 2,489 1,656 1,655 10 74 8,435 2002 18 2,536 1,621 1,614 10 73 8,662 2003 16 2,665 1,578 1,578 12 68 8,733 2004 17 2,783 1,630 1,630 14 69 8,887 2005 19 2,858 1,679 1,679 20 68 8,948 2006 18 3,017 1,633 1,633 20 67 9,029 2007 17 3,037 1,622 1,622 16 69 9,093 2008 15 R2,824 1,539 1,539 R29 64 8,834 2009 14 R2,600 R1,393 R1,393 R20 R57 R8,840 2010P 15 2,714 1,424 1,424 21 63 8,877 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 2 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table

5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,

"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end 

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds

Sources: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) eEnergy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2011), U.S. Table CT7. • Review (April 2011), Table 3.7c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1

Electricity Only Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Tot

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

1949 13 NA 169 182 NA NA NA NA 13 NA 1950 15 NA 192 207 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1955 15 NA 191 206 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1960 10 NA 231 241 NA NA NA NA 10 NA 1965 14 NA 302 316 NA NA NA NA 14 NA 1970 66 9 853 928 NA NA NA NA 66 9 1975 107 1 1,280 1,388 NA NA NA NA 107 1 1976 114 1 1,405 1,520 NA NA NA NA 114 1 1977 134 1 1,575 1,710 NA NA NA NA 134 1 1978 130 5 1,612 1,747 NA NA NA NA 130 5 1979 84 4 1,350 1,437 NA NA NA NA 84 4 1980 79 2 1,069 1,151 NA NA NA NA 79 2 1981 58 2 904 964 NA NA NA NA 58 2 1982 42 2 642 686 NA NA NA NA 42 2 1983 45 4 627 676 NA NA NA NA 45 4 1984 42 3 517 562 NA NA NA NA 42 3 1985 40 3 435 478 NA NA NA NA 40 3 1986 39 4 592 636 NA NA NA NA 39 4 1987 42 5 504 551 NA NA NA NA 42 5 1988 51 6 627 683 NA NA NA NA 51 6 19894 70 7 663 740 2 0 6 8 72 7 1990 41 14 497 551 4 0 10 15 45 14 1991 38 13 469 520 1 0 4 5 39 13 1992 33 18 371 422 2 2 8 12 34 20 1993 37 21 409 467 4 15 9 27 41 36 1994 46 16 369 431 11 15 10 36 56 32 1995 44 15 237 296 7 22 9 38 51 37 1996 47 14 263 325 4 22 10 36 51 36 1997 48 23 301 373 4 23 10 37 52 46 1998 61 30 448 539 3 26 8 37 64 56 1999 63 26 409 497 3 25 9 38 66 51 2000 77 20 370 466 6 25 8 39 82 45 2001 76 25 430 531 4 22 7 33 80 47 2002 59 54 281 394 1 26 6 33 60 80 2003 71 66 373 510 5 14 6 24 76 79 2004 49 83 376 509 3 17 6 26 52 101 2005 51 94 376 521 3 17 6 26 54 111 2006 34 82 151 267 1 15 6 22 35 97 2007 40 65 167 272 2 13 6 21 42 78 2008 33 58 99 189 2 12 6 19 34 70 2009 R32 50 73 154 R1 13 6 21 33 63 2010P 36 57 62 156 1 8 6 15 37 65 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants areincluded in "Electricity Only." 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petrole

5.11. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum ConsuTables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of petroleum used to produce electamount of petroleum used to produce useful thermal output. • Totals due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#p

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products

Transportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

164 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Petroleum

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Residual

Fuel Oil LPG2

Kerosene

DistillateFuel Oil

Asphalt and

Road Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Quadrillion Btu

Motor

Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Jet Fuel

Distillate

Fuel Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu 1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.

2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whos

tricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sec

 Selected Years, 1949-2010 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 1

Petroleum

Coke

1949 700 289 R117 R1,106 221 39 R31 92 NA 1950 829 347 R146 R1,322 262 47 R39 100 NA 1955 1,194 371 R202 R1,767 377 51 R54 133 NA 1960 1,568 354 R305 R2,227 494 48 R81 67 NA 1965 1,713 334 R385 R2,432 534 54 R103 77 NA 1970 1,878 298 R549 R2,725 587 61 R143 86 NA 1975 1,807 161 R512 R2,479 587 49 R129 89 NA 1976 1,987 184 R532 R2,703 656 44 R136 97 NA 1977 1,994 167 R520 R2,681 676 52 R135 101 NA 1978 1,951 153 R504 R2,607 666 55 R131 107 NA 1979 1,626 133 R340 R2,099 584 78 R95 104 NA 1980 1,316 107 R311 R1,734 518 41 R88 107 NA 1981 1,147 85 R299 R1,531 457 69 R87 92 NA 1982 1,050 95 R289 R1,434 440 30 R81 88 NA 1983 924 85 R344 R1,353 651 111 R96 102 NA 1984 1,091 160 R280 R1,531 735 36 R83 107 NA 1985 1,092 159 R314 R1,565 631 33 R95 96 NA 1986 1,111 121 R308 R1,541 623 50 R93 106 NA 1987 1,156 119 R342 R1,617 607 49 R102 111 NA 1988 1,190 144 R341 R1,675 600 26 R99 110 NA 1989 1,160 117 R383 R1,660 574 28 R109 102 0 1990 978 64 R352 R1,394 536 12 R102 111 0 1991 930 72 R378 R1,381 517 12 R108 85 0 1992 980 65 R369 R1,414 507 11 R107 80 (s) 1993 974 76 R390 R1,439 493 14 R109 30 (s) 1994 960 65 R384 R1,408 501 19 R107 25 (s) 1995 905 74 R395 R1,374 479 22 R109 18 (s) 1996 926 89 R469 R1,484 483 21 R122 27 (s) 1997 874 93 R455 R1,422 444 25 R120 43 (s) 1998 772 108 R424 R1,304 429 31 R118 39 (s) 1999 828 111 R526 R1,465 438 27 R140 28 (s) 2000 905 95 R555 R1,554 491 30 R150 45 (s) 2001 908 95 R526 R1,529 508 31 R143 37 (s) 2002 860 60 R537 R1,457 444 16 R141 45 (s) 2003 905 70 R544 R1,519 481 19 R157 60 (s) 2004 924 85 R512 R1,520 470 20 R152 45 (s) 2005 854 84 R513 R1,451 447 22 R131 46 (s) 2006 712 66 R446 R1,224 401 15 R123 49 (s) 2007 726 44 R484 R1,254 384 9 R121 61 (s) 2008 R669 21 R553 R1,243 R372 4 R158 46 (s) 2009 R602 R28 R547 R1,176 R413 R4 R139 R53 (s) 2010P 628 31 561 1,220 431 5 142 54 (s) 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data

for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For petroleum, product supplied is used asan approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum

Consumption," at end of Section. • Totals may not equal s

rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/ann

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_s

Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
166 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Year

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 1 Petroleum Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

1949 380 564 254 R123 80 231 87 1,225 1950 435 698 274 R156 94 251 90 1,416 1955 615 991 241 R323 103 332 147 1,573 1960 734 1,016 161 R507 107 381 328 1,584 1965 890 1,150 165 R712 137 342 444 1,582 1970 1,082 1,226 185 R953 155 288 446 1,624 1975 1,014 1,339 119 R1,123 149 223 540 1,509 1976 998 1,530 123 R1,192 166 211 535 1,822 1977 1,056 1,719 143 R1,203 182 196 586 1,937 1978 1,160 1,750 156 R1,203 195 178 550 1,716 1979 1,153 1,764 177 R1,681 204 162 533 1,655 1980 962 1,324 181 R1,559 182 158 516 1,349 1981 828 1,389 108 R1,530 175 160 549 1,081 1982 829 1,313 141 R1,575 159 138 541 1,047 1983 904 1,142 66 R1,510 167 112 495 791 1984 992 1,203 43 R1,666 178 160 538 889 1985 1,029 1,119 44 R1,664 166 218 575 748 1986 1,086 1,160 32 R1,582 162 206 581 736 1987 1,130 1,141 28 R1,687 183 206 646 582 1988 1,136 1,130 30 R1,749 177 193 675 546 1989 1,096 1,139 30 R1,728 181 199 660 410 1990 1,170 1,150 12 R1,582 186 185 714 411 1991 1,077 1,078 11 R1,720 167 193 693 334 1992 1,102 1,107 10 R1,833 170 194 798 387 1993 1,149 1,117 13 R1,763 173 180 725 446 1994 1,173 1,111 17 R1,969 181 192 723 419 1995 1,178 1,131 15 R1,990 178 200 721 337 1996 1,176 1,187 18 R2,054 173 200 757 335 1997 1,224 1,203 19 R2,100 182 212 727 291 1998 1,263 1,211 22 R2,016 191 199 858 230 1999 1,324 1,187 13 R2,217 193 152 936 207 2000 1,276 1,200 16 R2,228 190 150 796 241 2001 1,257 1,300 23 R2,014 174 295 858 203 2002 1,240 1,204 14 R2,160 172 309 842 190 2003 1,220 1,136 24 R2,030 159 324 825 220 2004 1,304 1,214 28 R2,141 161 372 934 249 2005 1,323 1,264 39 R2,009 160 356 889 281 2006 1,261 1,263 30 R2,104 156 376 934 239 2007 1,197 1,265 13 R2,106 161 306 906 193 2008 1,012 R1,277 4 R1,823 150 250 868 199 2009 R873 R1,107 R4 R1,950 R135 R244 R799 R106 2010P 877 1,156 5 2,000 149 245 682 119 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 2 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data

for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. F

an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "PetrConsumption," at end of Section. • Totals may not equal srounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/ann

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_s

Sources: Tables 5.12, 5.13b, A1, and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Se

 Selected Years, 1949-2010 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Transportation Sector Electric Po

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Petroleum

Coke

Kerosene Type Total 

2

1949 172 405 0 0 2 120 4,298 1,156 6,152 28 NA 1950 199 480 0 0 3 141 4,664 1,201 6,690 32 NA 1955 354 791 0 301 R13 155 6,175 1,009 R8,799 32 NA 1960 298 892 188 739 R19 152 7,183 844 R10,125 22 NA 1965 222 1,093 691 1,215 R32 149 8,386 770 R11,866 29 NA 1970 100 1,569 1,486 1,973 44 147 10,716 761 15,310 141 19 1975 71 2,121 1,619 2,029 R43 155 12,485 711 R17,615 226 2 1976 67 2,288 1,613 2,002 R47 172 13,107 824 R18,508 243 2 1977 70 2,489 1,684 2,090 R50 172 13,464 908 R19,243 283 3 1978 71 2,679 1,750 2,138 R54 184 13,927 990 R20,044 276 12 1979 70 2,905 1,795 2,186 R22 193 13,221 1,228 19,825 178 8 1980 64 2,795 1,754 2,179 R18 172 12,383 1,398 19,009 169 5 1981 56 2,901 1,671 2,058 R34 165 12,379 1,219 R18,813 124 4 1982 47 2,790 1,661 2,069 R34 150 12,312 1,020 R18,422 89 4 1983 48 2,905 1,736 2,141 R40 157 12,482 821 R18,595 96 8 1984 44 2,948 1,977 2,414 R43 168 12,600 807 R19,023 88 8 1985 50 3,170 2,079 2,497 R30 156 12,784 786 R19,472 85 7 1986 59 3,218 2,287 2,682 R27 153 13,174 870 R20,183 83 9 1987 46 3,335 2,444 2,843 R22 173 13,499 900 R20,817 90 10 1988 49 3,626 2,565 2,982 R23 167 13,802 919 R21,568 109 12 1989 48 3,687 2,658 3,059 R23 171 13,749 971 R21,707 152 16 1990 45 3,661 2,774 3,129 R23 176 13,575 1,016 R21,626 97 30 1991 42 3,601 2,681 3,025 R21 157 13,503 1,026 R21,374 84 29 1992 41 3,684 2,718 3,001 R19 161 13,699 1,070 R21,675 74 45 1993 38 3,796 2,809 3,028 R20 163 14,126 901 R22,073 86 79 1994 38 4,032 3,063 3,154 R34 171 14,293 883 R22,605 120 70 1995 40 4,195 3,099 3,132 R18 168 14,607 911 R23,070 108 81 1996 37 4,469 3,268 3,274 R16 163 14,837 851 R23,648 109 80 1997 40 4,672 3,307 3,308 R14 172 14,999 712 R23,918 111 102 1998 35 4,812 3,359 3,357 R18 180 15,463 674 R24,538 136 124 1999 39 5,001 3,466 3,462 R14 182 15,855 665 R25,219 140 112 2000 36 5,165 3,580 3,580 R12 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 99 2001 35 5,292 3,427 3,426 R14 164 16,041 586 R25,557 171 103 2002 34 5,392 3,354 3,340 R14 162 16,465 677 R26,085 127 175 2003 30 5,666 3,266 3,265 R17 150 16,597 571 R26,297 161 175 2004 31 5,932 3,382 3,383 R19 152 16,962 740 R27,219 111 222 2005 35 6,076 3,475 3,475 R28 151 17,043 837 R27,645 115 243 2006 33 6,414 3,379 3,379 R27 147 17,197 906 R28,105 74 214 2007 32 6,457 3,358 3,358 R22 152 17,321 994 R28,335 89 171 2008 28 R6,020 3,193 3,193 R40 141 16,872 920 R27,214 73 154 2009 R27 R5,528 R2,883 R2,883 R28 R127 R16,837 R810 R26,240 R70 139 2010P 27 5,771 2,946 2,946 29 140 16,908 904 26,726 80 143 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

5 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use 

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates. • For 

consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products transportation sector, petroleum product supplied is used as an approximaSee Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petr

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.

Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2009

Total by Fuel Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End UseResidual Fuel Oil by Major End Use Kerosene by Major End Use168 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Source: Table 5.15.

O

Commercial

Railroad

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

345

Million Barrels per Day

Residential

Distillate

Fuel Oil

1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

Residual

Fuel Oil

Vessel

 Bunkering

Industrial

Commercial

Commerc

Electric Power

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

150300450600750

Thousand Barrels per Day Residential

1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Thousand Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residential Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company Farm

Electric

Power 1 Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

On-Highway

Diesel Military

Off-Highway

Diesel 

1984 534 360 166 55 208 42 192 115 1,093 46 114 1985 504 291 159 45 202 34 182 111 1,127 43 99 1990 475 260 169 49 222 50 203 135 1,393 46 118 1991 442 246 151 48 206 39 188 133 1,336 53 107 1992 474 245 150 43 228 35 206 144 1,391 42 114 1993 475 241 139 46 222 36 196 141 1,485 32 137 1994 472 246 148 44 213 43 205 143 1,594 40 140 1995 447 237 146 45 227 39 224 153 1,668 30 142 1996 450 234 149 48 234 43 224 162 1,754 30 146 1997 426 216 151 56 231 41 214 168 1,867 28 149 1998 380 211 161 51 222 55 207 169 1,967 23 162 1999 411 218 162 43 223 53 211 158 2,091 23 162 2000 444 241 152 45 225 66 214 147 2,155 20 168 2001 433 243 161 49 234 88 198 133 2,167 26 177 2002 416 215 156 50 223 49 212 136 2,238 23 154 2003 452 240 156 33 209 75 239 145 2,420 27 169 2004 432 220 151 31 207 54 198 139 2,415 23 179 2005 401 210 160 31 210 59 225 131 2,482 18 193 2006 325 183 161 42 213 43 232 124 2,552 21 162 2007 335 177 161 51 209 44 237 126 2,596 24 164 2008 301 167 154 64 209 35 175 77 R2,441 17 148 2009 268 184 143 48 173 35 135 83 2,228 15 128 

Residual Fuel Oil Kerosene

Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company

Electric

Power 1

Vessel

Bunkering Military Other 2 Total Residential Commercial Industrial Farm 

1984 100 228 81 454 298 6 26 1,194 77 17 8 3 1985 89 218 62 359 299 8 13 1,048 77 16 10 3 1990 395 147 21 566 413 7 2 31,250 31 6 4 1 1991 93 126 20 461 442 8 1 1,150 35 6 3 1 1992 77 138 18 388 427 6 1 1,054 31 5 3 1 1993 67 155 17 394 345 5 (s) 983 37 7 4 2 1994 69 152 16 374 351 4 (s) 967 31 9 6 2 1995 60 129 14 213 384 3 (s) 804 36 11 6 1 1996 60 136 11 280 371 4 1 862 43 10 7 2 1997 52 124 10 300 327 3 (s) 816 45 12 7 1 1998 47 117 8 420 367 2 (s) 961 52 15 8 2 1999 42 111 8 326 381 2 (s) 869 54 13 4 2 2000 43 103 10 284 417 2 (s) 859 46 14 6 2 2001 42 114 9 368 353 1 (s) 888 46 15 9 2 2002 37 82 7 233 316 (s) (s) 676 29 8 5 1 2003 49 92 5 344 253 1 (s) 744 34 9 11 1 2004 51 100 3 306 305 2 (s) 767 41 10 13 1 2005 47 109 5 376 338 2 (s) 877 40 10 17 1 2006 31 95 4 163 375 1 (s) 670 32 7 13 1 2007 31 77 3 173 413 1 (s) 698 21 4 6 1 2008 26 67 4 111 330 1 (s) 538 10 2 2 (s) 2009 28 37 2 73 296 1 1 437 13 2 2 (s) 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other." 3 Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources." 

R=Revised. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand barrels per day. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1984. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1984—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Pe

(October 1989), Tables A1-A3, and unpublished revision. • 1985-200Sales, annual reports, Tables 1-3, and unpublished revisions. • 20Kerosene Sales 2009 (February 2011), Tables 1-3.
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Stocks, 1949-2010By Type, 2010170 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR. 2 Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).

3 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending c

naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and misce

Note: Stocks are at end of year.Sources: Table 5.16.

Total

1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels (Cumulative) Petroleum Products SPR1 Crude Oil Non-SPR Crude Oil

1,059

219

164

109 81 43 4

Crude Oil2 Motor Gasoline Distillate Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Res

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Barrels

 Fuel Oil Fue

 NonSPR

 SPR1

Petroleum Gases Oils
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Million Barrels)

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Petroleum Products

SPR 1 Non-SPR 2,3 Total 3 

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

Other

Products 8

Propane 

6 Total

1949 0 253 253 75 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 1 110 60 66 37 1950 0 248 248 72 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 2 116 41 70 34 1955 0 266 266 111 3 9 ( ) 7 165 39 68 55 1960 0 240 240 138 7 9 ( ) 23 195 45 62 76 1965 0 220 220 155 19 9 ( ) 30 175 56 89 92 1970 0 276 276 195 28 9 ( ) 67 209 54 99 89 1975 0 271 271 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 82 1976 0 285 285 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 78 1977 7 340 348 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 82 1978 67 309 376 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 82 1979 91 339 430 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 82 1980 108 358 466 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 82 1981 230 363 594 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 80 1982 294 350 644 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 70 1983 379 344 723 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 72 1984 451 345 796 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 67 1985 493 321 814 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 67 1986 512 331 843 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 68 1987 541 349 890 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 70 1988 560 330 890 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 70 1989 580 341 921 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 70 1990 586 323 908 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 63 1991 569 325 893 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 72 1992 575 318 893 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 73 1993 587 335 922 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 78 1994 592 337 929 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 84 1995 592 303 895 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 79 1996 566 284 850 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 76 1997 563 305 868 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 81 1998 571 324 895 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 85 1999 567 284 852 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 70 2000 541 286 826 118 45 41 83 196 36 87 77 2001 550 312 862 145 42 66 121 210 41 88 78 2002 599 278 877 134 39 53 106 209 31 76 76 2003 638 269 907 137 39 50 94 207 38 76 71 2004 676 286 961 126 40 55 104 218 42 81 72 2005 685 324 1,008 136 42 57 109 208 37 86 71 2006 689 312 1,001 144 39 62 113 212 42 84 85 2007 697 286 983 134 39 52 96 218 39 81 75 2008 702 326 1,028 146 38 55 113 214 36 83 79 2009 727 325 1,052 R166 43 R50 R102 223 R37 80 73 2010P 727 332 1,059 164 43 49 109 219 41 81 77 

1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include

non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.

2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR." 3 Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. 4 Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. 5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Includes propylene. 7 Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and 

products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-t

9 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of 

rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petr

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministratioPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Pereports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR Crude Oil Imports for SPR1SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports2172 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all

petroleum.

Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.Source: Table 5.17.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

200400600800

Million Barrels

727 in 2010

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 5 4

0 1 0

8 7 

1980 1985 1990 1995 20

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

94 91

85

81 82

86 83

77

73 75

67

62 59 57

1980 1985 1990 1995 20

0

255075

100125

Days

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100

Percent

69% in 2010

41% in 2010

Crude Oil

Total

Petroleum
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010

 (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)

Year

Foreign Crude Oil Receipts Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals End-of-Year Stocks

Imported

by SPR

Imported

by Others 1,2 Purchases Exchanges 2 Sales Exchanges Quantity

Percent of

Crude Oil 3

Stocks

1977 7.54 0.00 50.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 1978 58.80 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 66.86 17.8 1979 24.43 .00 (s) .00 .00 .00 91.19 21.2 1980 16.07 .00 1.30 .00 .00 .00 107.80 23.1 1981 93.30 .00 28.79 .00 .00 .00 230.34 38.8 1982 60.19 .00 3.79 .00 .00 .00 293.83 45.7 1983 85.29 .00 .42 .00 .00 .00 379.09 52.4 1984 72.04 .00 .05 .00 .00 .00 450.51 56.6 1985 43.12 .00 .17 .00 .00 .00 493.32 60.6 1986 17.56 .00 1.21 .00 .00 .00 511.57 60.7 1987 26.52 .00 2.69 .00 .00 .00 540.65 60.8 1988 18.76 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 559.52 62.9 1989 20.35 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 579.86 62.9 1990 9.77 .00 .00 .00 3.91 .00 585.69 64.5 1991 .00 .00 .00 .00 17.22 .00 568.51 63.7 1992 3.59 .00 2.60 .00 .00 .00 574.72 64.4 1993 5.37 .00 6.96 .00 .00 .00 587.08 63.6 1994 4.49 .00 .11 .00 .00 .00 591.67 63.7 1995 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 591.64 66.1 1996 .00 .90 .00 .00 25.82 .90 565.82 66.6 1997 .00 .00 .00 .00 2.33 .00 563.43 64.9 1998 .00 7.98 .00 .00 .00 .00 571.41 63.8 1999 3.04 3.60 .00 1.42 .00 10.75 567.24 66.6 2000 3.01 1.50 .00 2.29 .00 633.35 540.68 65.4 2001 3.91 5.07 .58 .00 .00 .00 550.24 63.8 2002 5.77 35.59 .00 7.64 .00 .00 599.09 68.3 2003 .00 22.94 .00 16.40 .00 .00 638.39 70.4 2004 .00 34.24 .00 8.47 .00 5.44 675.60 70.3 2005 .00 18.88 .00 8.41 11.03 9.82 684.54 67.9 2006 .00 3.31 .00 2.44 .00 1.57 688.61 68.8 2007 .00 2.70 .00 1.68 .00 .00 696.94 70.9 2008 .00 7.11 .00 3.20 .00 5.40 701.82 68.3 2009 .00 R20.29 .00 4.47 .00 .00 726.62 69.1 2010 .00 .00 .00 .38 .00 .40 726.55 68.6 

1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities

for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of thecommercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.

2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received

approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crudeoil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the U.S. Department ofEnergy and exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrelsdelivered to SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specificationrequirements of SPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude OilReceipts, Imported by Others," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "DomesticCrude Oil Receipts, Exchanges."

3 Includes lease condensate stocks. 4 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum. 

Calculated prior to rounding.

5 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior to 6 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil st

bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well as Home Heating Oil Reserve.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels. Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petrole

Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petrSources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, Q

Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petrole• 1981-2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2011). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude ODepartment of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil EnergyCalculated.
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Real1 and Nominal2 Prices, 1949-2010

Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2010

174 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.

Real1

Nominal2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Te

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100125

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

Nominal2 Prices

1980 1985 19

0

100200300400500600100

Index: 1977=100

Real1 Price

California

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100

Chained (2005) Dollars1 per Barrel

Real1 Prices

ANS3 California

California

ANS3
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Alaska North Slope California Texas 

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 No

1949 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1950 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1955 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 36.29 316.66 7.92 20.98 8.58 22.73 1978 5.21 12.90 8.58 21.24 9.29 23.00 1979 10.57 24.15 12.78 29.20 12.65 28.91 11980 16.87 35.33 23.87 49.99 21.84 45.74 21981 23.23 44.48 26.80 51.32 35.06 67.13 31982 19.92 35.95 24.58 44.36 31.77 57.33 21983 17.69 30.71 22.61 39.25 29.35 50.95 21984 17.91 29.97 22.09 36.96 28.87 48.31 21985 16.98 27.58 22.14 35.96 26.80 43.52 21986 6.45 10.25 11.90 18.91 14.73 23.40 11987 10.83 16.72 13.92 21.49 17.55 27.10 11988 8.43 12.58 10.97 16.38 14.71 21.96 11989 12.00 17.26 14.06 20.22 17.81 25.62 11990 15.23 21.09 17.81 24.67 22.37 30.98 21991 11.57 15.48 13.72 18.35 19.04 25.47 11992 11.73 15.33 13.55 17.70 18.32 23.94 11993 10.84 13.86 12.11 15.48 16.19 20.70 11994 9.77 12.23 12.12 15.17 14.98 18.76 11995 11.12 13.64 14.00 17.17 16.38 20.09 11996 15.32 18.44 16.72 20.12 20.31 24.44 11997 14.84 17.55 15.78 18.66 18.66 22.07 11998 8.47 9.91 9.55 11.17 12.28 14.36 11999 12.46 14.36 14.08 16.23 17.29 19.93 12000 23.62 26.65 24.82 28.00 28.60 32.26 22001 18.18 20.06 20.11 22.18 23.41 25.82 22002 19.37 21.03 21.87 23.74 23.77 25.80 22003 23.78 25.27 26.43 28.09 29.13 30.96 22004 33.03 34.13 34.47 35.62 38.79 40.08 32005 47.05 47.05 47.08 47.08 52.61 52.61 52006 56.86 55.07 57.34 55.53 61.31 59.38 52007 63.69 R59.92 65.07 R61.22 68.30 R64.25 62008 90.10 R82.95 90.47 R83.29 96.85 R89.16 92009 54.41 R49.64 R56.11 R51.19 57.40 R52.37 R52010P 72.33 65.36 74.51 67.33 76.23 68.89 7

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

3 Average for July through December only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 4, "Crude Oil

Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum

Sources: • 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

Products" chapter. • 1974-January 1976—Federal Energy AdmPetroleum Production Monthly Report." • February 1976-1977—Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." • 1978-1982—U.S. Energy ERA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchaser’s Report." • 1Monthly (April 2011), Table 18.
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

Total, 19731-2010 By Selected Country, 2010By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2010 By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2010176 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 1973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CouSource: Table 5.19.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

306090

120

Dollars2 per Barrel

83 82 80 79

76 

Nigeria Norway United Saudi Kuwait 

0

306090

Dollars2 per Barrel

Arabia

Nigeria

Kingdom

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100120

Dollars2 per Barrel

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0

20406080

100

Dollars2 per Barrel

Venezuela

Saudi

Arabia

United

Kingdom Mexico

Canada
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010

 (Dollars 1 per Barrel)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Uni

King

1973 5 5.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 5.33 W – – – 1974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 11.48 W W – – 1975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 12.84 – 12.61 12.80 – 1976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 13.36 – 12.64 13.74 W 1977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.13 – 13.82 14.93 14.1978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.41 – 13.56 14.68 14.1979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 20.22 – 20.77 22.55 22.1980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 35.1981 34.61 – 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 32.32 – 33.70 38.70 37.1982 34.94 – 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 27.15 – 28.63 34.70 34.1983 29.37 – 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 25.63 – 25.78 30.72 30.1984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 26.56 – 26.85 30.05 29.1985 25.50 – 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 25.71 – 25.63 28.32 28.1986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 14.1987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 18.1988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 15.1989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 18.1990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 22.1991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 21.1992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 20.1993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 17.1994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 16.1995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 17.1996 20.45 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 20.1997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 20.1998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 13.1999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 18.2000 26.77 26.28 30.04 26.58 26.05 27.29 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.13 29.2001 20.73 19.66 26.55 20.98 19.81 21.52 20.72 25.88 19.37 25.77 25.2002 24.13 23.04 26.45 24.77 21.93 23.83 22.98 25.28 22.09 26.60 26.2003 27.54 26.82 31.07 27.50 25.70 27.70 26.76 30.55 25.48 30.51 30.2004 36.53 35.89 40.95 37.11 33.79 36.84 34.51 39.03 32.25 39.92 39.2005 49.68 48.36 57.55 50.31 47.87 51.36 44.73 53.42 43.47 56.23 55.2006 58.92 57.64 68.26 59.19 57.37 61.21 53.90 62.13 53.76 64.39 67.2007 69.83 66.01 78.01 70.78 66.13 71.14 60.38 70.91 62.31 71.66 72.2008 93.59 86.35 104.83 94.75 90.76 95.49 90.00 93.43 85.97 104.13 96.2009 R62.15 R61.12 R68.01 R62.14 R57.78 R61.90 R57.60 R58.50 57.35 R59.80 R63.2010P 78.31 75.90 83.11 78.94 72.43 78.16 72.80 74.25 72.86 82.20 80.

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on thistable Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (althoughGabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data forall countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Based on October, November, and December data only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data.

Notes: • Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only; t

products imported into the United States. • See "Crude Oil Lanequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petrSources: • 1973-September 1977—Federal Energy Admin

Pricing Report." • October 1977-December 1978—U.S. EnergFEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • January 1979"Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1982-June 1984—EIA, FTransaction Report." • July 1984 forward—EIA, Petroleum MarkEIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Repor
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2010 Totals, 2010By Selected Country, 2010178 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 

Source: Table 5.20.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

60

120180240300360

Billion Dollars1 $256 Billion In 2010

256

129 

Total OPEC No

0

60

120180240300

Billion Dollars1

52.4

31.1 30.3 29.9

24.1

9.2

5.4 

Canada Saudi Arabia Mexico Nigeria Venezuela Colombia Kuwait Unite

0

102030405060

Billion Dollars1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010

 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Uni

King

1973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 1.9 W – 0.0 01974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 3.3 .0 W – 1975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 2.8 .0 .3 .1 1976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 1.8 – .4 .2 W 1977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 1.4 .0 .9 .3 1978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 .8 27.1 1.3 .0 1.6 .6 1979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 2.0 .0 3.3 .6 11980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 2.2 .0 5.9 1.9 21981 15.1 .0 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 1.9 .0 5.8 1.6 51982 8.4 – 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 2.1 .0 6.7 1.3 51983 4.3 – 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 2.6 .0 7.2 .7 41984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 3.3 .0 6.5 1.2 41985 2.3 – 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 4.4 .0 6.7 .3 21986 3.8 .1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 2.8 .3 2.8 .3 11987 6.0 .5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 3.8 .8 3.7 .5 21988 6.7 .4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 3.4 .6 3.1 .3 11989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 3.9 .9 4.3 .9 11990 13.5 .5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 4.8 1.1 4.9 .7 11991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 4.7 .9 4.4 .6 1992 10.5 .2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 5.0 .7 4.5 .9 11993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 5.0 .9 4.4 .9 21994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 5.3 .8 4.8 1.2 21995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 21996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 11997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 11998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 1999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 12000 23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 45.4 13.2 3.5 12.5 3.3 32001 20.2 1.7 8.2 12.3 9.3 38.1 10.3 2.5 9.9 2.6 22002 19.5 1.8 5.7 13.7 9.6 35.5 12.1 2.2 12.1 3.4 32003 24.4 2.0 9.4 17.3 11.1 46.3 15.1 1.8 14.6 2.0 42004 32.1 3.2 16.2 20.3 16.0 68.0 20.4 2.0 18.9 2.1 32005 40.0 4.0 22.6 26.5 21.7 90.3 26.7 3.0 24.7 2.4 42006 46.5 3.8 25.8 30.7 23.9 106.9 35.5 3.2 30.9 2.3 32007 53.9 4.2 30.9 37.4 27.7 139.9 41.6 3.6 32.0 1.5 22008 80.1 6.5 35.4 52.1 34.5 189.2 64.4 6.1 37.3 1.1 22009 R37.6 R4.0 R19.3 R22.2 R20.1 98.4 R40.8 5.4 22.9 1.3 22010P 48.3 5.4 29.9 31.1 24.1 129.3 52.4 9.2 30.3 .8 3

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on thistable Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (althoughGabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data forall countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.

Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less 

avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: • Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values i

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petrSources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and v

• 1973-1975—U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minereports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administratioannual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, aSupply Monthly (February 2011).
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010

Summary Composite CostsDomestic Costs Imported Costs180 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

Source: Table 5.21.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100120

Nominal Dollars1 per Barrel

Composite

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Real2

Imported

Domestic

No

No

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100120

Dollars per Barrel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Domestic Imported Com

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 

1968E 3.21 14.58 2.90 13.17 3.17 1969E 3.37 14.59 2.80 12.12 3.29 1970E 3.46 14.23 2.96 12.17 3.40 1971E 3.68 14.41 3.17 12.42 3.60 1972E 3.67 13.78 3.22 12.09 3.58 1973E 4.17 14.83 4.08 14.51 4.15 1974 7.18 23.42 12.52 40.83 9.07 1975 8.39 25.00 13.93 41.50 10.38 1976 8.84 24.91 13.48 37.98 10.89 1977 9.55 25.30 14.53 38.49 11.96 1978 10.61 26.26 14.57 36.06 12.46 1979 14.27 32.61 21.67 49.52 17.72 1980 24.23 50.74 33.89 70.97 28.07 1981 34.33 65.73 37.05 70.94 35.24 1982 31.22 56.34 33.55 60.55 31.87 1983 28.87 50.12 29.30 50.87 28.99 1984 28.53 47.74 28.88 48.32 28.63 1985 26.66 43.30 26.99 43.83 26.75 1986 14.82 23.55 14.00 22.24 14.55 1987 17.76 27.42 18.13 27.99 17.90 1988 14.74 22.00 14.56 21.74 14.67 1989 17.87 25.71 18.08 26.01 17.97 1990 22.59 31.29 21.76 30.14 22.22 1991 19.33 25.86 18.70 25.01 19.06 1992 18.63 24.34 18.20 23.78 18.43 1993 16.67 21.31 16.14 20.63 16.41 1994 15.67 19.62 15.51 19.42 15.59 1995 17.33 21.25 17.14 21.02 17.23 1996 20.77 25.00 20.64 24.84 20.71 1997 19.61 23.19 18.53 21.91 19.04 1998 13.18 15.41 12.04 14.08 12.52 1999 17.90 20.63 17.26 19.89 17.51 2000 29.11 32.84 27.70 31.25 28.26 2001 24.33 26.84 22.00 24.27 22.95 2002 24.65 26.76 23.71 25.74 24.10 2003 29.82 31.69 27.71 29.45 28.53 2004 38.97 40.27 35.90 37.10 36.98 2005 52.94 52.94 48.86 48.86 50.24 2006 62.62 60.64 59.02 57.16 60.24 2007 69.65 R65.52 67.04 R63.07 67.94 2008 98.47 R90.66 92.77 R85.41 94.74 2009 R59.49 R54.27 59.17 R53.98 R59.29 2010P 77.96 70.45 75.88 68.57 76.69 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include

crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the compositeis derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume ofall refiners’ purchases.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.Sources: • 1968-1973—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. The cost of domestic

crude oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to 

purchase value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by addibased on the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost waand imported costs on the basis of quantities produced and imporEnergy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost Allocat1978—FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Monthly Cost AllocatioForm ERA-49, "Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program Refforward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2011), Table 1.
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010

To Resellers To End Users182 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 5.22.

Residual 

Fuel Oil

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.50

Dollars1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes

Motor Gasoline

Residual

 Fuel

 Oil

Motor Gasoline

No. 2

Distillate

Propane

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.50

Dolllars1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes

Propane
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010

 (Dollars 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 

Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 0.933 0.975 1.055 1.065 0.912 1.007 1.330 1.256 1.146 1.288 1.627 2.076 2.490  Motor Gasoline ............................... .599 .626 .713 .700 .526 .645 .963 .886 .828 1.002 1.288 1.670 1.969  Unleaded Regular ......................... .566 .593 .685 .673 .499 .620 .942 .865 .806 .981 1.269 1.654 1.950  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... .638 .670 .759 .749 .576 .696 1.013 .945 .885 1.061 1.340 1.708 2.016  Unleaded Premium ....................... .695 .722 .803 .792 .617 .726 1.055 .980 .928 1.113 1.408 1.789 2.117  Kerosene ........................................ .618 .580 .714 .653 .465 .550 .969 .821 .752 .955 1.271 1.757 2.007  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .534 .539 .646 .613 .450 .533 .880 .763 .716 .871 1.208 1.723 1.961  No. 1 Distillate ............................... .615 .625 .751 .723 .513 .634 1.019 .883 .805 1.033 1.289 1.801 2.044  No. 2 Distillate ............................... .522 .530 .653 .602 .439 .536 .896 .779 .718 .882 1.178 1.720 1.991  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ .506 .511 .639 .590 .422 .493 .886 .756 .694 .881 1.125 1.623 1.834  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... .529 .538 .659 .606 .444 .546 .898 .775 .724 .883 1.187 1.737 2.012  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... .462 .463 .603 .551 .383 .430 .778 .697 .663 .793 1.033 1.377 1.395  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ .317 .363 .420 .387 .280 .354 .566 .476 .530 .661 .681 .971 1.136  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. .345 .383 .456 .415 .299 .382 .627 .523 .546 .728 .764 1.115 1.202  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ .287 .338 .389 .366 .269 .329 .512 .428 .508 .588 .601 .842 1.085  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... .324 .344 .461 .416 .288 .342 .595 .540 .431 .607 .751 .933 1.031 

Sales Prices to End Users: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ .957 1.005 1.116 1.128 .975 1.059 1.306 1.323 1.288 1.493 1.819 2.231 2.682  Motor Gasoline ............................... .738 .765 .847 .839 .673 .781 1.106 1.032 .947 1.156 1.435 1.829 2.128  Unleaded Regular ......................... .689 .717 .807 .798 .630 .742 1.073 .997 .912 1.123 1.404 1.802 2.099  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... .785 .808 .896 .895 .728 .835 1.168 1.100 1.010 1.218 1.499 1.893 2.213  Unleaded Premium ....................... .865 .890 .972 .973 .805 .906 1.242 1.175 1.088 1.305 1.596 1.992 2.320  Kerosene ........................................ .660 .589 .740 .745 .501 .605 1.123 1.045 .990 1.224 1.160 1.957 2.244  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .534 .540 .651 .613 .452 .543 .899 .775 .721 .872 1.207 1.735 1.998  No. 1 Distillate ............................... .640 .620 .726 .689 .551 .621 .988 .902 .828 1.017 1.262 1.832 2.137  No. 2 Distillate ............................... .556 .560 .680 .642 .492 .580 .934 .840 .759 .942 1.235 1.777 2.091  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ .572 .562 .673 .636 .482 .558 .927 .829 .737 .933 1.173 1.705 1.982  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... .554 .560 .681 .642 .494 .584 .935 .842 .762 .944 1.243 1.786 2.096  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... .501 .505 .603 .565 .428 .474 .769 .679 .657 .856 1.017 W W  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ .352 .392 .455 .423 .305 .374 .602 .531 .569 .698 .739 1.048 1.218  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. .401 .436 .526 .488 .354 .405 .708 .642 .640 .804 .835 1.168 1.342  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ .330 .377 .433 .403 .287 .362 .566 .492 .544 .651 .692 .974 1.173  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... .530 .492 .605 .552 .405 .458 .603 .506 .419 .577 .839 1.089 1.358 

Refiner Margins 5

 Motor Gasoline ............................... .228 .216 .220 .247 .228 .228 .290 .340 .254 .323 .408 .474 .535  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .163 .129 .153 .160 .152 .116 .207 .217 .142 .192 .328 .527 .527  No. 2 Distillate ............................... .151 .120 .160 .149 .141 .119 .223 .233 .144 .203 .298 .524 .557  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -.054 -.048 -.072 -.066 -.018 -.063 -.107 -.070 -.044 -.018 -.199 -.225 -.298  Composite 6 .................................... .198 .181 .194 .200 .195 .189 .261 .297 .216 .281 .367 .484 .530 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel. 4 Sulfur content by weight. 5 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude

oil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers. 6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to reseller

fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, and 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petrSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Ma

4, 6, and 16.
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010

Motor Gasoline, Selected GradesDistillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane184 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.3 > 15 and <= 500 parts per million.4 > 500 parts per million.

- - = Not applicable.Note: Data are preliminary. Source: Table 5.23.

2.32 2.29 2.27 2.36 2.39 2.3

2.17 2.15 2.13 2.19 2.20 2.18

All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded 

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.00

Dollars1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Midgrade

Convention

Regular Midgrade

Refomulated

Regular

Conventional2

Motor Gasoline Regular

(- -)

2.45

2.80

2.42 2.38 2.31

1

2.21 2.22 2.18 2.18

1.73

No. 2 No. 2 Distillate No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel Residua

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.00

Dollars1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Fuel, High Sulfur Fuel Oil 

4 Fuel, Low Sulfur3 Distillate Fuel Oil to Residences Fuel
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010

 (Dollars 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 

Sales Prices to Resellers 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... 0.602 0.630 0.715 0.703 0.530 0.645 0.966 0.888 0.832 1.001 1.288 1.675 1.973  Unleaded Regular ................................... .571 .599 .689 .677 .504 .621 .946 .868 .813 .982 1.271 1.659 1.956  Conventional 3 ...................................... .565 .583 .672 .658 .484 .596 .918 .838 .794 .950 1.241 1.639 1.930 3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .627 .662 .745 .754 .575 .690 1.016 .947 .858 1.031 1.289 1.667 1.951  Reformulated ........................................ .632 .646 .733 .725 .551 .676 1.006 .930 .856 1.058 1.339 1.708 2.022  Unleaded Midgrade ................................ .641 .673 .760 .751 .579 .694 1.014 .945 .886 1.056 1.338 1.719 2.024  Conventional 3 ...................................... .633 .651 .737 .723 .550 .658 .977 .901 .852 1.015 1.304 1.697 1.992 3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .689 .711 .789 .791 .599 .695 1.021 .965 .885 1.043 1.305 1.682 1.999  Reformulated ........................................ .722 .719 .802 .801 .632 .758 1.080 1.022 .952 1.150 1.410 1.790 2.127  Unleaded Premium ................................. .696 .724 .804 .794 .618 .724 1.055 .980 .929 1.105 1.400 1.792 2.122  Conventional 3 ...................................... .686 .695 .777 .764 .587 .688 1.013 .933 .897 1.055 1.351 1.756 2.083 3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .757 .787 .851 .856 .674 .779 1.119 1.020 .952 1.131 1.390 1.761 2.049  Reformulated ........................................ .769 .779 .851 .845 .671 .787 1.117 1.054 .986 1.189 1.467 1.844 2.181  No. 2 Distillate .......................................... .529 .536 .660 .611 .450 .538 .901 .785 .728 .891 1.178 1.727 1.999  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... .538 .546 .667 .616 .454 .552 .904 .791 .735 .891 1.191 1.754 2.029  Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm 4) ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm 4) .... .542 .551 .673 .619 .457 .557 .909 .794 .738 .895 1.197 1.761 2.045  High Sulfur (> 500 ppm 4) ..................... .519 .524 .639 .602 .437 .519 .875 .771 .712 .870 1.146 1.704 1.915  Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... .322 .366 .427 .396 .284 .355 .579 .496 .526 .675 .682 1.006 1.141  Sulfur <= 1% 5 ........................................ .350 .383 .461 .424 .305 .382 .638 .542 .548 .732 .740 1.107 1.205  Sulfur > 1% 5 .......................................... .298 .344 .397 .375 .271 .333 .523 .438 .502 .621 .638 .899 1.087  Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... .336 .354 .471 .426 .297 .354 .603 .556 .440 .615 .761 .939 1.041 

Sales Prices to End Users 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... .729 .761 .843 .831 .660 .762 1.091 1.022 .943 1.135 1.423 1.828 2.121  Unleaded Regular ................................... .690 .721 .809 .797 .623 .728 1.063 .993 .915 1.108 1.399 1.807 2.098  Conventional 3 ...................................... .685 .714 .801 .785 .610 .708 1.044 .968 .901 1.082 1.373 1.789 2.073 3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .737 .773 .861 .887 .694 .782 1.118 1.059 .964 1.142 1.414 1.768 2.076  Reformulated ........................................ .743 .741 .833 .822 .651 .777 1.109 1.051 .949 1.183 1.478 1.861 2.168  Unleaded Midgrade ................................ .770 .802 .885 .880 .711 .812 1.146 1.086 1.002 1.195 1.482 1.877 2.183  Conventional 3 ...................................... .766 .793 .874 .865 .695 .787 1.122 1.052 .985 1.166 1.453 1.855 2.151 3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .821 .838 .929 .964 .763 .853 1.185 1.120 1.031 1.193 1.459 1.824 2.138  Reformulated ........................................ .851 .829 .916 .915 .748 .869 1.197 1.156 1.042 1.277 1.569 1.945 2.273  Unleaded Premium ................................. .852 .883 .962 .955 .786 .880 1.218 1.154 1.081 1.282 1.580 1.988 2.303  Conventional 3 ...................................... .846 .871 .950 .939 .769 .856 1.192 1.119 1.063 1.245 1.538 1.958 2.263 3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .908 .938 1.019 1.054 .845 .940 1.279 1.218 1.128 1.307 1.568 1.915 2.236  Reformulated ........................................ .937 .914 .991 .988 .822 .931 1.267 1.217 1.116 1.355 1.660 2.043 2.373  No. 2 Distillate .......................................... .675 .673 .793 .753 .599 .678 1.044 .948 .874 1.058 1.339 1.895 2.176  No. 2 Distillate to Residences 6 .............. .884 .867 .989 .984 .852 .876 1.311 1.250 1.129 1.355 1.548 2.052 2.365  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... .628 .636 .757 .714 .562 .654 1.006 .912 .837 1.008 1.316 1.886 2.165  Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm 4) ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm 4) .... .642 .645 .767 .719 .565 .663 1.014 .917 .841 1.014 1.325 1.899 2.183  High Sulfur (> 500 ppm 4) ..................... .598 .614 .732 .698 .555 .620 .981 .892 .822 .986 1.281 1.833 2.084  Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... .358 .397 .464 .429 .311 .378 .609 .533 .561 .696 .725 1.041 1.212  Sulfur <= 1% 5 ........................................ .403 .433 .529 .472 .356 .406 .683 .620 .612 .785 .794 1.148 1.322  Sulfur > 1% 5 .......................................... .327 .376 .430 .407 .292 .366 .576 .498 .540 .651 .687 .985 1.175  Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... .776 .766 .886 .878 .774 .781 1.048 1.094 .958 1.150 1.307 1.530 1.727 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline. 4 "Ppm" is parts per million. 5 Sulfur content by weight.

6 See Note 5, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleSources: • 1994-2009—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

annual reports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly "Refiners’/Gas Plant Operators’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales "Resellers’/Retailers’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2010 Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2010 Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-186 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.

4 “Reformulated Gasoline Areas” are ozone nonattainment 

mental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulate

5 All grades, in chained (2005) dollars.

Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.

Nominal2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.001.002.003.004.00

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon

2.742 2.864 2

Conventional Reformulated Al

0.001.503.004.50

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon Real1

Gasoline Areas3 Gasoline Areas4 

Regular Motor Gasoline

Unleaded

Premium Consu

Leaded Regular

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.001.002.003.004.00

Dollars per Gallon

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Index: 1978=1.0 

Unleaded

Regular
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Dollars per Gallon)

Year

Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gasoline by Area T

Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium All Grades 

Conventional

Gasoline Areas 1,2

Reformulated

Gasoline Areas 3,4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Nominal 5 

1949 0.268 1.850 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .268 1.830 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1955 .291 1.754 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 .311 1.672 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 .312 1.566 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 .357 1.468 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 .567 1.689 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 .590 1.662 .614 1.730 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 .622 1.648 .656 1.738 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1978 .626 1.550 .670 1.658 NA NA .652 1.614 NA NA 1979 .857 1.958 .903 2.063 NA NA .882 2.015 NA NA 1980 1.191 2.494 1.245 2.607 NA NA 1.221 2.557 NA NA 1981 1.311 2.510 1.378 2.639 1.470 2.815 1.353 2.591 NA NA 1982 1.222 2.205 1.296 2.339 1.415 2.554 1.281 2.312 NA NA 1983 1.157 2.009 1.241 2.154 1.383 2.401 1.225 2.127 NA NA 1984 1.129 1.889 1.212 2.028 1.366 2.286 1.198 2.004 NA NA 1985 1.115 1.811 1.202 1.952 1.340 2.176 1.196 1.942 NA NA 1986 .857 1.362 .927 1.473 1.085 1.724 .931 1.479 NA NA 1987 .897 1.385 .948 1.464 1.093 1.688 .957 1.478 NA NA 1988 .899 1.342 .946 1.412 1.107 1.653 .963 1.438 NA NA 1989 .998 1.436 1.021 1.469 1.197 1.722 1.060 1.525 NA NA 1990 1.149 1.591 1.164 1.612 1.349 1.868 1.217 1.686 NA NA 1991 NA NA 1.140 1.525 1.321 1.767 1.196 1.600 1.098 NA 1992 NA NA 1.127 1.473 1.316 1.720 1.190 1.555 1.087 NA 1993 NA NA 1.108 1.416 1.302 1.664 1.173 1.500 21.067 NA 1994 NA NA 1.112 1.392 1.305 1.634 1.174 1.470 21.072 NA 1995 NA NA 1.147 1.407 1.336 1.639 1.205 1.478 21.103 41.163 1996 NA NA 1.231 1.482 1.413 1.701 1.288 1.550 21.192 4,R1.242 1997 NA NA 1.234 1.459 1.416 1.675 1.291 1.527 21.189 41.252 1998 NA NA 1.059 1.238 1.250 1.462 1.115 1.304 21.017 41.078 1999 NA NA 1.165 1.343 1.357 1.564 1.221 1.407 21.116 41.195 2000 NA NA 1.510 1.703 1.693 1.910 1.563 1.763 21.462 41.543 2001 NA NA 1.461 1.612 1.657 1.828 1.531 1.689 1.384 1.498 2002 NA NA 1.358 1.474 1.556 1.689 1.441 1.564 1.313 1.408 2003 NA NA 1.591 1.691 1.777 1.888 1.638 1.741 1.516 1.655 2004 NA NA 1.880 1.943 2.068 2.137 1.923 1.987 1.812 1.937 2005 NA NA 2.295 2.295 2.491 2.491 2.338 2.338 2.240 2.335 2006 NA NA 2.589 2.507 2.805 2.717 2.635 2.552 2.533 2.654 2007 NA NA 2.801 2.635 3.033 R2.853 2.849 2.680 2.767 2.857 2008 NA NA 3.266 3.007 3.519 3.240 3.317 R3.054 3.213 3.314 2009 NA NA 2.350 2.144 2.607 2.378 2.401 2.190 2.315 2.433 2010 NA NA 2.788 2.519 3.047 2.754 2.836 2.563 2.742 2.864 

1 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. 2 For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas." 3 "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental

Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.

4 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in

"Reformulated Gasoline Areas." 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," 

and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petr

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: • 1949-1973—Platt’s Oil Price 

51st Edition. • 1974 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration (Edata from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.SRegular Motor Gasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual averages Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA, weight"Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."
Petroleum

Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Petroleumproduct supplied (see Table 5.11) is used as an approximation of petroleumconsumption. Petroleum products supplied is calculated as field production plusrenewable fuels and oxygenates production plus processing gain plus net importsminus stock change plus adjustments. Total products supplied include naturalgas plant liquids, unfinished oils, aviation gasoline blending components, andfinished petroleum products. Crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline stationswas reported as product supplied for either distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oiluntil January 1983. From January 1983 through December 2010, crude oil product supplied was reported based on quantities reported on Form EIA-813“Monthly Crude Oil Report.” Beginning with data for January 2010, reportingcrude oil used directly on Form EIA-813 was discontinued, and crude oil productsupplied was assumed equal to zero. The sector allocation of product supplied inTables 5.13a-5.13d for products used in more than one sector is derived fromsales to ultimate consumers by refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (seeU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and KeroseneSales) and from EIA electric power sector petroleum consumption data (seeTables 8.7b and 8.7c).Note 2. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several U.S. Energy Information Administrationsurvey forms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments in refinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those

changes affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillatefuel oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of thosechanges, motor gasoline production during the last half of 1980 would have averaged289 thousand barrels per day higher than that which was published on the old basis.Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980 wouldhave averaged, respectively, 105 thousand and 54 thousand barrels per day higher thanthe numbers that were published. A new adjustment was introduced for calculatingfinished motor gasoline product supplied beginning with data for January 1993. Thenew adjustment transferred product supplied for motor gasoline blending components and fuel ethanol to supply of finished motor gasoline. Applying the new

gasoline adjustment method to gasoline product supthe reported quantity 108 thousand barrels per day thousand barrels per day to 7,376 thousand barrels peNote 3. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The mto Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follestimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stilrefineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plaprocessing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil rerungasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU for 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthNote 4. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Pricpurchase prices were derived as follows: for 1domestic first purchase values as reported by Statthe Bureau of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted of major first purchasers’ purchases; for 1976 forw

first purchasers’ purchases.

Note 5. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. for 1956 through 1987 were formerly published i

Those data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—151959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6; 1962—151965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9; 1968—171971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8; 1974—361977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4; 1980—97.41983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3; 1986—sources of these data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of LabIndexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential 1975–September 1977—Federal Energy Administr“No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Repo1977—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIAing Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report”; 1978 forwing Annual, Table 15.

188 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
6. Natural Gas

Figure 6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2010

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.2 Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.3 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.
Figure 6.1 Natural Gas Overview

Overview, 1949-2010 Overview, 2010Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2010192 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101 Dry gas.2 Underground storage. For 1980-2009, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground

tanks.

Source: Table 6.1.

Production1

Additions to Storage2

Net Imports

Withdrawals from Storage2

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

-5

05

1015202530

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

21.6

3.7

Production1 Imports Ex

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Dry Gas

Production

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels 2

Trade Storage 1 Activity

Balan

Imports Exports Net Imports 3 Withdrawals Additions Net Withdrawals 4

1949 5,195 NA 0 20 -20 106 172 -66 1950 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 175 230 -54 1955 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 437 505 -68 1960 12,228 NA 156 11 144 713 844 -132 1965 15,286 NA 456 26 430 960 1,078 -118 1970 21,014 NA 821 70 751 1,459 1,857 -398 1975 19,236 NA 953 73 880 1,760 2,104 -344 1976 19,098 NA 964 65 899 1,921 1,756 165 1977 19,163 NA 1,011 56 955 1,750 2,307 -557 1978 19,122 NA 966 53 913 2,158 2,278 -120 1979 19,663 NA 1,253 56 1,198 2,047 2,295 -248 1980 19,403 155 985 49 936 1,972 1,949 23 1981 19,181 176 904 59 845 1,930 2,228 -297 1982 17,820 145 933 52 882 2,164 2,472 -308 1983 16,094 132 918 55 864 2,270 1,822 447 1984 17,466 110 843 55 788 2,098 2,295 -197 1985 16,454 126 950 55 894 2,397 2,163 235 1986 16,059 113 750 61 689 1,837 1,984 -147 1987 16,621 101 993 54 939 1,905 1,911 -6 1988 17,103 101 1,294 74 1,220 2,270 2,211 59 1989 17,311 107 1,382 107 1,275 2,854 2,528 326 1990 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 1,986 2,499 -513 1991 17,698 113 1,773 129 1,644 2,752 2,672 80 1992 17,840 118 2,138 216 1,921 2,772 2,599 173 1993 18,095 119 2,350 140 2,210 2,799 2,835 -36 1994 18,821 111 2,624 162 2,462 2,579 2,865 -286 1995 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 3,025 2,610 415 1996 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2,981 2,979 2 1997 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 2,894 2,870 24 1998 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 2,432 2,961 -530 1999 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 2,808 2,636 172 2000 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 3,550 2,721 829 2001 19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 2,344 3,510 -1,166 2002 18,928 68 4,015 516 3,499 3,180 2,713 467 2003 19,099 68 3,944 680 3,264 3,161 3,358 -197 2004 18,591 60 4,259 854 3,404 3,088 3,202 -114 2005 18,051 64 4,341 729 3,612 3,107 3,055 52 2006 18,504 66 4,186 724 3,462 2,527 2,963 -436 2007 19,266 63 4,608 822 3,785 3,375 3,183 192 2008 R20,159 61 3,984 R963 R3,021 R3,420 R3,385 34 2009 R20,580 R65 R3,751 R1,072 R2,679 R3,007 R3,362 R-355 2010 E21,577 P67 P3,737 P1,136 P2,601 P3,303 P3,298 P5 

1 Underground storage. For 1980-2009, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. 2 See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than

withdrawals.

5 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes

intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country).

6 See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. 7 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,1989-1992," at end of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure 

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#n

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplemental Gase

Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annNatural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2011), Table 1. Trade: • 1949-2009—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2010—EIA, NGM (March Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gwithdrawals. Consumption: Table 6.5. 
Figure 6.2 Natural Gas Production

Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2010 Production Flow, 2010

(Trillion Cubic Feet)Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2010

194 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Dry Gas

Production

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply. Source: Table 6.2.

Gross Withdrawals

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet

14.8

5.8

Natural Gas Crude Oil Sha

05

101520

Trillion Cubic Feet

Wells Wells 

W
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals

Repressuring

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

Vented

and Flared

Marketed

Production

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Coalbed Wells Shale Gas Wells Total 

1949 4,986 2,561 NA NA 7,547 1,273 NA 854 5,420 1950 5,603 2,876 NA NA 8,480 1,397 NA 801 6,282 1955 7,842 3,878 NA NA 11,720 1,541 NA 774 9,405 1960 10,853 4,234 NA NA 15,088 1,754 NA 563 12,771 1965 13,524 4,440 NA NA 17,963 1,604 NA 319 16,040 1970 18,595 5,192 NA NA 23,786 1,376 NA 489 21,921 1975 17,380 3,723 NA NA 21,104 861 NA 134 20,109 1976 17,191 3,753 NA NA 20,944 859 NA 132 19,952 1977 17,416 3,681 NA NA 21,097 935 NA 137 20,025 1978 17,394 3,915 NA NA 21,309 1,181 NA 153 19,974 1979 18,034 3,849 NA NA 21,883 1,245 NA 167 20,471 1980 17,573 4,297 NA NA 21,870 1,365 199 125 20,180 1981 17,337 4,251 NA NA 21,587 1,312 222 98 19,956 1982 15,809 4,463 NA NA 20,272 1,388 208 93 18,582 1983 14,153 4,506 NA NA 18,659 1,458 222 95 16,884 1984 15,513 4,754 NA NA 20,267 1,630 224 108 18,304 1985 14,535 5,071 NA NA 19,607 1,915 326 95 17,270 1986 14,154 4,977 NA NA 19,131 1,838 337 98 16,859 1987 14,807 5,333 NA NA 20,140 2,208 376 124 17,433 1988 15,467 5,532 NA NA 20,999 2,478 460 143 17,918 1989 15,709 5,366 NA NA 21,074 2,475 362 142 18,095 1990 16,054 5,469 NA NA 21,523 2,489 289 150 18,594 1991 16,018 5,732 NA NA 21,750 2,772 276 170 18,532 1992 16,165 5,967 NA NA 22,132 2,973 280 168 18,712 1993 16,691 6,035 NA NA 22,726 3,103 414 227 18,982 1994 17,351 6,230 NA NA 23,581 3,231 412 228 19,710 1995 17,282 6,462 NA NA 23,744 3,565 388 284 19,506 1996 17,737 6,376 NA NA 24,114 3,511 518 272 19,812 1997 17,844 6,369 NA NA 24,213 3,492 599 256 19,866 1998 17,729 6,380 NA NA 24,108 3,427 617 103 19,961 1999 17,590 6,233 NA NA 23,823 3,293 615 110 19,805 2000 17,726 6,448 NA NA 24,174 3,380 505 91 20,198 2001 18,129 6,371 NA NA 24,501 3,371 463 97 20,570 2002 17,795 6,146 NA NA 23,941 3,455 502 99 19,885 2003 17,882 6,237 NA NA 24,119 3,548 499 98 19,974 2004 17,885 6,084 NA NA 23,970 3,702 654 96 19,517 2005 17,472 5,985 NA NA 23,457 3,700 711 119 18,927 2006 17,996 5,539 NA NA 23,535 3,265 731 129 19,410 2007 17,065 5,818 1,780 NA 24,664 3,663 661 143 20,196 2008 R15,618 R5,747 R1,986 2,284 R25,636 3,639 R719 167 R21,112 2009 R14,839 R5,813 R1,977 3,384 R26,013 R3,522 R722 R165 R21,604 2010 E14,760 E5,782 E1,967 E4,350 P26,858 E3,427 E702 E161 E22,569 

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to

petroleum supply (see Tables 5.1b and 5.10).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. 

For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: Natural Gas Wells, Crude Oil Wells, and Coalbed 

Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. • 1967-2009—U.S. Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2010—EIA estimatGas Wells: • 2008 and 2009—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • HPDI, LLC. Total Gross Withdrawals, Marketed ProducProduction: • 1949-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2006 fo2011), Table 1. All Other Data: • 1949-2009—EIA, NGA, annuon previous year’s data.
Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports

Trade Overview, 1949-2010Trade, 2010 Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-20196 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.2 By pipeline.3 As liquefied natural gas.

4 By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from 

and Yemen. 5 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied nat

Source: Table 6.3.

and

Tobago3

Imports by Selected Country of Origin

Imports from Canada1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Total Imports

4.2% in 198

5

3.28

0.19 0.27

0.74

0.33

0.03

Canada2 Trinidad Canada2 Mexico Japan3

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

05

101520

Percent

Other

4

Exports by

Country of Destination
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Imports by Country of Origin Exports by Country of Destination 

Algeria 2 Canada 3 Egypt 2 Mexico 3 Nigeria 2 Qatar 2

Trinidad

and Tobago 2 Other 2,4 Total Canada 3 Japan 2 Mexico 3 Other 2,5 To

1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 0 1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 0 1955 0 11 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 0 1960 0 109 0 47 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 0 1965 0 405 0 52 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 0 1970 1 779 0 41 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 0 1975 5 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 0 1976 10 954 0 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 0 1977 11 997 0 2 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 0 1978 84 881 0 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 0 1979 253 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 0 1980 86 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 0 1981 37 762 0 105 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 0 1982 55 783 0 95 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 0 1983 131 712 0 75 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 0 1984 36 755 0 52 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 0 1985 24 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 0 1986 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 2 750 9 50 2 0 1987 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 0 1988 17 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 0 1989 42 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 0 1990 84 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 0 1991 64 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 0 1992 43 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 0 21993 82 2,267 0 2 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 0 1994 51 2,566 0 7 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 0 1995 18 2,816 0 7 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 0 1996 35 2,883 0 14 0 0 0 5 2,937 52 68 34 0 1997 66 2,899 0 17 0 0 0 12 2,994 56 62 38 0 1998 69 3,052 0 15 0 0 0 17 3,152 40 66 53 0 1999 76 3,368 0 55 0 20 51 17 3,586 39 64 61 0 2000 47 3,544 0 12 13 46 99 R21 3,782 73 66 106 0 22001 65 3,729 0 10 38 23 98 R14 3,977 167 66 141 0 32002 27 3,785 0 2 8 35 151 R8 4,015 189 63 263 0 52003 53 3,437 0 0 50 14 378 R11 3,944 271 66 343 0 62004 120 3,607 0 0 12 12 462 R46 4,259 395 62 397 0 82005 97 3,700 73 9 8 3 439 R11 4,341 358 65 305 0 72006 17 3,590 120 13 57 0 389 0 4,186 341 61 322 0 72007 77 3,783 115 54 95 18 448 18 4,608 482 47 292 2 82008 0 3,589 55 43 12 3 267 15 3,984 R559 R39 365 0 R92009 0 R3,271 160 28 13 13 236 29 R3,751 R701 31 338 3 R1,02010P 0 3,276 73 30 42 46 190 81 3,737 738 33 333 32 1,

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 As liquefied natural gas. 3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,

1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.

4 Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and

2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; Norway in 2008 forward; Oman in 2000-2005; Peru in 2010; UnitedArab Emirates in 1996-2000; Yemen in 2010; and Other (unassigned) in 2004.

5 Brazil in 2010; India in 2010; Russia in 2007; South Korea in 2009 and 2010; Spain in 2010; and

United Kingdom in 2010.

6 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independenWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption: Calculated. All Othe

Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Bureau of Minchapter. • 1955-1971—EIA, Federal Power Commission, by teFPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural GasAnnual, annual reports. • 2009 and 2010—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly 
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2010

Gross Withdrawals by Location Number of Producing WellsGross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas Well Average Productivity198 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) 1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;

beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”

2 Gulf of Mexico.

Source: Table 6.4.

Onshore

Total

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

100200300400500600

Thousands

Offshore

Peak productivity: 43

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

05

1015

Trillion Cubic Feet Louisiana1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

100200300400500

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well Other States1 Texas1 Federal

Oklahoma GOM2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2010

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coalbed, and Shale Gas Wells Natural Gas W

State Location Gross

Withdrawals

From

Natural Gas Wells

Produ

Well

Texas 

1 Louisiana 1 Oklahoma

Other

States 1

Federal

Gulf of Mexico 2 Total Onshore 3 Offshore 4 Total

Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet Thous

1960 6,965 3,313 1,133 3,677 2 ( ) 15,088 14,815 273 15,088 10,853 91965 7,741 4,764 1,414 4,044 2 ( ) 17,963 17,318 646 17,963 13,524 112 1966 7,935 5,365 1,502 4,232 2 ( ) 19,034 18,026 1,007 19,034 13,894 112 1967 8,292 6,087 1,621 4,252 2 ( ) 20,252 19,065 1,187 20,252 15,345 112 1968 8,566 6,778 1,607 4,375 2 ( ) 21,325 19,801 1,524 21,325 16,540 114 1969 8,915 7,561 1,742 4,462 2 ( ) 22,679 20,725 1,954 22,679 17,489 114 1970 9,399 8,076 1,811 4,501 2 ( ) 23,786 21,368 2,419 23,786 18,595 117 1971 9,519 8,319 1,809 4,442 2 ( ) 24,088 21,311 2,777 24,088 18,925 119 1972 9,550 8,160 1,928 4,378 2 ( ) 24,016 20,978 3,039 24,016 19,043 121973 9,290 8,491 1,890 4,396 2 ( ) 24,067 20,856 3,212 24,067 19,372 124 1974 8,859 7,920 1,757 4,314 2 ( ) 22,850 19,335 3,515 22,850 18,669 126 1975 7,989 7,242 1,721 4,152 2 ( ) 21,104 17,555 3,549 21,104 17,380 130 1976 7,666 7,143 1,842 4,293 2 ( ) 20,944 17,348 3,596 20,944 17,191 138 1977 7,496 7,351 1,888 4,362 2 ( ) 21,097 17,165 3,932 21,097 17,416 148 1978 6,988 7,639 1,892 4,790 2 ( ) 21,309 16,953 4,356 21,309 17,394 157 1979 7,594 7,359 1,958 4,973 2 ( ) 21,883 17,061 4,822 21,883 18,034 170 1980 7,656 7,008 2,019 5,187 2 ( ) 21,870 16,967 4,902 21,870 17,573 182 1981 7,452 6,830 2,019 5,287 2 ( ) 21,587 16,597 4,991 21,587 17,337 199 1982 6,976 6,217 1,985 5,094 2 ( ) 20,272 15,499 4,773 20,272 15,809 211983 6,429 5,379 1,780 5,071 2 ( ) 18,659 14,477 4,182 18,659 14,153 222 1984 6,712 5,888 2,046 5,620 2 ( ) 20,267 15,560 4,707 20,267 15,513 234 1985 6,577 5,218 1,993 5,818 2 ( ) 19,607 15,421 4,186 19,607 14,535 243 1986 6,656 4,965 1,972 5,538 2 ( ) 19,131 14,945 4,186 19,131 14,154 242 1987 6,688 5,205 2,073 6,174 2 ( ) 20,140 15,468 4,672 20,140 14,807 249 1988 6,919 5,248 2,167 6,665 2 ( ) 20,999 16,253 4,747 20,999 15,467 257 1989 6,881 5,143 2,237 6,813 2 ( ) 21,074 16,303 4,771 21,074 15,709 262 1990 6,907 5,303 2,258 7,054 2 ( ) 21,523 16,476 5,047 21,523 16,054 269 1991 6,846 5,100 2,154 7,651 2 ( ) 21,750 16,900 4,850 21,750 16,018 276 1992 6,708 4,977 2,017 8,429 2 ( ) 22,132 17,361 4,772 22,132 16,165 275 1993 6,817 5,047 2,050 8,812 2 ( ) 22,726 17,960 4,766 22,726 16,691 282 1994 6,912 5,226 1,935 9,508 2 ( ) 23,581 18,585 4,996 23,581 17,351 292 1995 6,873 5,163 1,812 9,896 2 ( ) 23,744 18,802 4,942 23,744 17,282 299 1996 7,028 5,351 1,735 9,999 2 ( ) 24,114 18,867 5,246 24,114 17,737 302 1997 15,730 11,538 1,704 19,999 5,242 24,213 18,897 5,316 24,213 17,844 311998 5,799 1,579 1,669 9,950 5,110 24,108 18,923 5,185 24,108 17,729 317 1999 5,575 1,599 1,594 10,002 5,053 23,823 18,692 5,131 23,823 17,590 302 2000 5,723 1,485 1,613 10,386 4,968 24,174 19,130 5,044 24,174 17,726 342 2001 5,752 1,525 1,615 10,542 5,066 24,501 19,364 5,137 24,501 18,129 373 2002 5,661 1,382 1,582 10,769 4,548 23,941 19,326 4,615 23,941 17,795 388 2003 5,791 1,378 1,558 10,944 4,447 24,119 19,614 4,505 24,119 17,882 393 2004 5,734 1,377 1,656 11,202 4,001 23,970 19,914 4,055 23,970 17,885 406 2005 6,007 1,310 1,639 11,350 3,151 23,457 20,252 3,205 23,457 17,472 426 2006 6,326 1,378 1,689 11,227 2,914 23,535 20,580 2,955 23,535 17,996 442007 6,961 1,383 1,784 11,723 2,813 24,664 21,805 2,859 24,664 17,065 453 2008 R7,801 R1,388 R1,887 R12,231 R2,330 R25,636 R23,261 R2,375 R25,636 R15,618 R477 2009 R7,654 R1,559 R1,858 R12,499 R2,444 R26,013 R23,528 R2,485 R26,013 R14,839 R493 2010 P7,547 P2,258 P1,827 P12,966 P2,259 P26,858 E24,292 E2,566 P26,858 E14,760 E510 

1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning

in 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico." 2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these grosswithdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."

3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals. 4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross

withdrawals.

5 As of December 31 each year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in

1960. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: Offshore: • 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey. • 1982-19

Service, Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receipts from Fedpredecessor annual reports. • 1986-2009—U.S. Energy Information AdAnnual (NGA), annual reports. • 2010—Calculated as total gross withdrawTotal (Gross Withdrawals): • 1960-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • Monthly (March 2011), Table 1. Average Productivity: Calculated as growells divided by the number of producing wells, and then divided by thAll Other Data: • 1960-1966—Bureau of Mines, Natural Gas • 1967-2009—EIA, NGA, annual reports and unpublished revisions. • previous year’s data.
Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2010By Sector, 2010 Sector Shares, 1950 and 2010200 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Electric Power3

Transportation4

Comm

Residential

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

4 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primar

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantitSource: Table 6.5.

Industrial1, 2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

12

Trillion Cubic Feet

5.0

3.2

7.9

0.7

7.4

Residential Commercial1 Industrial Transportation Electric

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

Industrial1, 2 4

21

13

33

21

7

59

Residential Commercial1 Industrial 

0

255075

Percent

Industrial1, 2

Power3 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Residential

Sector

Commercial Sector Industrial Sector Transportation Sector Electric Power 

CHP 

2 Other 3 Total

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipelines 6

and Distribution 7 Vehicle Fuel 8 Total Electricity CHP Only CHP 

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 993 9 ( ) 348 348 835 10 ( ) 2,245 2,245 3,081 NA NA NA 550 NA 1950 1,198 9 ( ) 388 388 928 10 ( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 629 NA 1955 2,124 9 ( ) 629 629 1,131 10 ( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 1,153 NA 1960 3,103 9 ( ) 1,020 1,020 1,237 10 ( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 1,725 NA 1965 3,903 9 ( ) 1,444 1,444 1,156 10 ( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 2,321 NA 1970 4,837 9 ( ) 2,399 2,399 1,399 10 ( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 3,932 NA 1975 4,924 9 ( ) 2,508 2,508 1,396 10 ( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 3,158 NA 1976 5,051 9 ( ) 2,668 2,668 1,634 10 ( ) 6,964 6,964 8,598 548 NA 548 3,081 NA 1977 4,821 9 ( ) 2,501 2,501 1,659 10 ( ) 6,815 6,815 8,474 533 NA 533 3,191 NA 1978 4,903 9 ( ) 2,601 2,601 1,648 10 ( ) 6,757 6,757 8,405 530 NA 530 3,188 NA 1979 4,965 9 ( ) 2,786 2,786 1,499 10 ( ) 6,899 6,899 8,398 601 NA 601 3,491 NA 1980 4,752 9 ( ) 2,611 2,611 1,026 10 ( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 3,682 NA 1981 4,546 9 ( ) 2,520 2,520 928 10 ( ) 7,128 7,128 8,055 642 NA 642 3,640 NA 1982 4,633 9 ( ) 2,606 2,606 1,109 10 ( ) 5,831 5,831 6,941 596 NA 596 3,226 NA 1983 4,381 9 ( ) 2,433 2,433 978 10 ( ) 5,643 5,643 6,621 490 NA 490 2,911 NA 1984 4,555 9 ( ) 2,524 2,524 1,077 10 ( ) 6,154 6,154 7,231 529 NA 529 3,111 NA 1985 4,433 9 ( ) 2,432 2,432 966 10 ( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 3,044 NA 1986 4,314 9 ( ) 2,318 2,318 923 10 ( ) 5,579 5,579 6,502 485 NA 485 2,602 NA 1987 4,315 9 ( ) 2,430 2,430 1,149 10 ( ) 5,953 5,953 7,103 519 NA 519 2,844 NA 1988 4,630 9 ( ) 2,670 2,670 1,096 10 ( ) 6,383 6,383 7,479 614 NA 614 2,636 NA 1989 4,781 30 2,688 2,718 1,070 914 115,903 116,816 7,886 629 NA 629 112,791 11315 1990 4,391 46 2,576 2,623 1,236 1,055 115,963 117,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 112,794 11451 1991 4,556 52 2,676 2,729 1,129 1,061 116,170 117,231 8,360 601 (s) 602 112,822 11494 1992 4,690 62 2,740 2,803 1,171 1,107 116,420 117,527 8,698 588 2 590 112,829 11619 1993 4,956 65 2,796 2,862 1,172 1,124 6,576 7,700 8,872 624 3 627 2,755 718 1994 4,848 72 2,823 2,895 1,124 1,176 6,613 7,790 8,913 685 3 689 3,065 838 1995 4,850 78 2,953 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 3,288 949 1996 5,241 82 3,076 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 2,824 983 1997 4,984 87 3,128 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 3,039 1,026 1998 4,520 87 2,912 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 3,544 1,044 1999 4,726 84 2,961 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 12 657 3,729 1,090 2000 4,996 85 3,098 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 4,093 1,114 2001 4,771 79 2,944 3,023 1,119 1,310 6,035 7,344 8,463 625 15 640 4,164 1,178 2002 4,889 74 3,070 3,144 1,113 1,240 6,267 7,507 8,620 667 15 682 4,258 1,413 2003 5,079 58 3,121 3,179 1,122 1,144 6,007 7,150 8,273 591 18 610 3,780 1,355 2004 4,869 72 3,057 3,129 1,098 1,191 6,052 7,243 8,341 566 21 587 4,142 1,322 2005 4,827 68 2,931 2,999 1,112 1,084 5,514 6,597 7,709 584 23 607 4,592 1,277 2006 4,368 68 2,764 2,832 1,142 1,115 5,398 6,512 7,654 584 24 608 5,091 1,131 2007 4,722 70 2,943 3,013 1,226 1,050 5,598 6,648 7,874 621 25 646 5,612 1,230 2008 R4,892 66 R3,086 R3,153 R1,220 955 R5,706 R6,661 R7,881 648 R26 R674 5,520 1,148 2009 R4,778 R76 R3,043 R3,119 R1,275 R990 R5,177 R6,167 R7,442 R598 R29 R627 R5,751 R1,122 2010P 4,952 75 3,131 3,206 1,332 1,007 5,593 6,600 7,932 632 33 665 6,212 1,166 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants.

3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. 7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers. 8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Vehicle

Fuel," at end of section.

9 Included in "Commercial Other."

10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," atend of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. 

Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplementa

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of naturathermal output. • See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of sectiovolumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#natura

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plant Fuel, 

Pipelines and Distribution: • 1949-2005—U.S. Energy Information AdmAnnual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished revisions. • 2006 forwar(NGM) (March 2011), Table 2. Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Tabland 1991—EIA, NGA 2000 (November 2001), Table 95. • 1992-1998—ETransportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to T2003" (February 2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas gasoline-equivalent gallons were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by tfactor (see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors con• 1999-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2006 forward—EIA, NGM (MPower Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculate
Figure 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage

Underground Storage, 1954-2010 Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-2010Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2010 End-of-Year Storage as Share of Total Consum202 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101 Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.

Note: Storage is at end of year. 

Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Peak: 40% in 

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Percent

Base Gas1

Working Gas1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, 1954-2010

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas in Underground Storage

Base Gas 1 Working Gas Total

Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total

1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA NA 1,281 1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA NA 1,368 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,184 1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,344 1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA NA 2,504 1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA NA 2,745 1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA NA 2,940 1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA NA 3,090 1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA NA 3,225 1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA NA 3,376 1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA NA 3,495 1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA NA 3,602 1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA NA 4,004 1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA NA 4,325 1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA NA 4,480 1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA NA 4,898 1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA NA 4,962 1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA NA 5,374 1976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA NA 5,250 1977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA NA 5,866 1978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA NA 6,020 1979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA NA 6,306 1980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA NA 6,297 1981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA NA 6,569 1982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA NA 6,879 1983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA NA 6,442 1984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA NA 6,706 1985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA NA 6,448 1986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA NA 6,567 1987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA NA 6,548 1988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA NA 6,650 1989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA NA 6,325 1990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA NA 6,936 1991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA NA 6,778 1992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA NA 6,641 1993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA NA 6,649 1994 44 4,317 4,360 70 2,536 2,606 113 6,853 6,966 1995 60 4,290 4,349 72 2,082 2,153 131 6,371 6,503 1996 64 4,277 4,341 85 2,087 2,173 149 6,364 6,513 1997 67 4,283 4,350 83 2,092 2,175 150 6,375 6,525 1998 67 4,259 4,326 104 2,626 2,730 171 6,884 7,056 1999 69 4,314 4,383 100 2,423 2,523 169 6,738 6,906 2000 70 4,282 4,352 72 1,647 1,719 142 5,929 6,071 2001 77 4,224 4,301 115 2,789 2,904 191 7,013 7,204 2002 75 4,265 4,340 102 2,273 2,375 177 6,539 6,715 2003 76 4,227 4,303 125 2,438 2,563 201 6,665 6,866 2004 72 4,129 4,201 98 2,598 2,696 170 6,727 6,897 2005 78 4,122 4,200 123 2,513 2,635 201 6,635 6,835 2006 77 4,134 4,211 144 2,926 3,070 222 7,059 7,281 2007 80 4,154 4,234 123 2,756 2,879 203 6,910 7,113 2008 86 4,146 4,232 154 2,686 2,840 240 6,832 7,073 2009 R116 4,161 R4,277 R186 R2,944 R3,130 302 R7,105 7,407 2010P 135 4,170 4,305 222 2,885 3,107 357 7,055 7,412 

1 Includes native gas. 2 Depleted fields, aquifers, and other types of storage not using salt formations.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Storage and capacity are at end of year. • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a

pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in

1954. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: • 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas Facts. • 1

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Storage RepoCommission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." • 1979-1984Administration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Commission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." • 198Monthly (NGM), monthly reports, and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. • (March 2011), Tables 6, 8, and 9, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly Underground G
Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices

Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2010 Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2010Wellhead, 1949-2010 Imports, 1972-2010204 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.

See Table D1.

Source: Table 6.7.

Imports

4.16

6.16

4.52

Wellhead City Gate Imports

0

2

468

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet We

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0369

12

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2 Nominal1 Nominal1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Wellhead 1 City Gate 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 

1949 0.06 0.41 NA NA NA 1950 .07 .48 NA NA NA 1955 .10 .60 NA NA NA 1960 .14 .75 NA NA NA 1965 .16 .80 NA NA NA 1970 .17 .70 NA NA NA 1975 .44 1.31 NA NA 1.21 1976 .58 1.63 NA NA 1.72 1977 .79 2.09 NA NA 1.98 1978 .91 2.25 NA NA 2.13 1979 1.18 2.70 NA NA 2.49 1980 1.59 3.33 NA NA 4.28 1981 1.98 3.79 NA NA 4.88 1982 2.46 4.44 NA NA 5.03 1983 2.59 4.50 NA NA 4.78 1984 2.66 4.45 3.95 6.61 4.08 1985 2.51 4.08 3.75 6.09 3.21 1986 1.94 3.08 3.22 5.12 2.43 1987 1.67 2.58 2.87 4.43 1.95 1988 1.69 2.52 2.92 4.36 1.84 1989 1.69 2.43 3.01 4.33 1.82 1990 1.71 2.37 3.03 4.20 1.94 1991 1.64 2.19 2.90 3.88 1.83 1992 1.74 2.27 3.01 3.93 1.85 1993 2.04 2.61 3.21 4.10 2.03 1994 1.85 2.32 3.07 3.84 1.87 1995 1.55 1.90 2.78 3.41 1.49 1996 2.17 2.61 3.27 3.94 1.97 1997 2.32 2.74 3.66 4.33 2.17 1998 1.96 2.29 3.07 3.59 1.97 1999 2.19 2.52 3.10 3.57 2.24 2000 3.68 4.15 4.62 5.21 3.95 2001 4.00 4.41 5.72 6.31 4.43 2002 2.95 3.20 4.12 4.47 3.15 2003 4.88 5.19 5.85 6.22 5.17 2004 5.46 5.64 6.65 6.87 5.81 2005 7.33 7.33 8.67 8.67 8.12 2006 6.39 6.19 8.61 8.34 6.88 2007 6.25 5.88 8.16 7.68 6.87 2008 R7.97 7.34 9.18 R8.45 8.70 2009 R3.67 R3.34 R6.46 5.89 4.19 2010 E4.16 E3.76 P6.16 P5.57 P4.52 

1 See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 2 See "City Gate" in Glossary. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalga

Sources: Wellhead and City Gate: • 1949-2005—U.S. 

Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2006 forward—E2011), Table 3. Imports: • 1972 and 1973—Federal Power CExports of Natural Gas—Imports and Exports of LNG. • 1974Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports. • 1977-2008—EIA, NGANGM (March 2011), Table 4. 
Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Nominal1 Prices, 2010 Real6 Prices, Indexed, 1980-2010

Real6 Prices, 1967-2010

206 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Based on 96.6 percent of volume delivered.3 Based on 71.1 percent of volume delivered.4 Based on 16.9 percent of volume delivered.

5 Based on 100.7 percent of volume delivered. For an expla

see Table 6.8, footnote 8.

6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

See Table D1.Source: Table 6.8.

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00

ReCoIndEle

11.20

9.15

5.40 5.26

Residential2 Commercial3 Industrial Electric

0369

12

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

4

Power5

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Electric PowerVehicle Fuel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2010

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector 2 Transportation Sector Electr

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Vehicle Fuel 4 Prices Price

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 

1967 1.04 4.93 NA 0.74 3.50 NA 0.34 1.61 NA NA NA 0.28 1970 1.09 4.48 NA .77 3.17 NA .37 1.52 NA NA NA .29 1971 1.15 4.50 NA .82 3.21 NA .41 1.61 NA NA NA .32 1972 1.21 4.54 NA .88 3.30 NA .45 1.69 NA NA NA .34 1973 1.29 4.59 NA .94 3.34 NA .50 1.78 NA NA NA .38 1974 1.43 4.66 NA 1.07 3.49 NA .67 2.18 NA NA NA .51 1975 1.71 5.09 NA 1.35 4.02 NA .96 2.86 NA NA NA .77 1976 1.98 5.58 NA 1.64 4.62 NA 1.24 3.49 NA NA NA 1.06 1977 2.35 6.23 NA 2.04 5.40 NA 1.50 3.97 NA NA NA 1.32 1978 2.56 6.34 NA 2.23 5.52 NA 1.70 4.21 NA NA NA 1.48 1979 2.98 6.81 NA 2.73 6.24 NA 1.99 4.55 NA NA NA 1.81 1980 3.68 7.71 NA 3.39 7.10 NA 2.56 5.36 NA NA NA 2.27 1981 4.29 8.21 NA 4.00 7.66 NA 3.14 6.01 NA NA NA 2.89 1982 5.17 9.33 NA 4.82 8.70 NA 3.87 6.98 85.1 NA NA 3.48 1983 6.06 10.52 NA 5.59 9.70 NA 4.18 7.26 80.7 NA NA 3.58 1984 6.12 10.24 NA 5.55 9.29 NA 4.22 7.06 74.7 NA NA 3.70 1985 6.12 9.94 NA 5.50 8.93 NA 3.95 6.41 68.8 NA NA 3.55 1986 5.83 9.26 NA 5.08 8.07 NA 3.23 5.13 59.8 NA NA 2.43 1987 5.54 8.55 NA 4.77 7.37 93.1 2.94 4.54 47.4 NA NA 2.32 1988 5.47 8.17 NA 4.63 6.91 90.7 2.95 4.40 42.6 NA NA 2.33 1989 5.64 8.11 99.9 4.74 6.82 89.1 2.96 4.26 36.9 4.17 6.00 2.43 1990 5.80 8.03 99.2 4.83 6.69 86.6 2.93 4.06 35.2 3.39 4.70 2.38 1991 5.82 7.78 99.2 4.81 6.43 85.1 2.69 3.60 32.7 3.96 5.30 2.18 1992 5.89 7.70 99.1 4.88 6.38 83.2 2.84 3.71 30.3 4.05 5.29 2.36 1993 6.16 7.87 99.1 5.22 6.67 83.9 3.07 3.92 29.7 4.27 5.46 2.61 1994 6.41 8.03 99.1 5.44 6.81 79.3 3.05 3.82 25.5 4.11 5.15 2.28 1995 6.06 7.43 99.0 5.05 6.19 76.7 2.71 3.32 24.5 3.98 4.88 2.02 1996 6.34 7.63 99.0 5.40 6.50 77.6 3.42 4.12 19.4 4.34 5.22 2.69 1997 6.94 8.21 98.8 5.80 6.86 70.8 3.59 4.25 18.1 4.44 5.25 2.78 1998 6.82 7.98 97.7 5.48 6.41 67.0 3.14 3.67 16.1 4.59 5.37 2.40 1999 6.69 7.71 95.2 5.33 6.14 66.1 3.12 3.60 18.8 4.34 5.00 2.62 2000 7.76 8.75 92.6 6.59 7.43 63.9 4.45 5.02 19.8 5.54 6.25 4.38 2001 9.63 10.62 92.4 8.43 9.30 66.0 5.24 5.78 20.8 6.60 7.28 4.61 2002 7.89 8.57 97.9 6.63 7.20 77.4 4.02 4.36 22.7 5.10 5.54 33.68 2003 9.63 10.23 97.5 8.40 8.93 78.2 5.89 6.26 22.1 6.19 6.58 5.57 2004 10.75 11.11 97.7 9.43 9.74 78.0 6.53 6.75 23.7 7.16 7.40 6.11 2005 12.70 12.70 98.2 11.34 11.34 82.1 8.56 8.56 24.1 9.14 9.14 8.47 2006 13.73 13.30 98.1 12.00 11.62 80.8 7.87 7.62 23.4 8.72 8.45 7.11 2007 13.08 12.31 98.0 11.34 R10.67 80.4 7.68 7.23 22.2 8.50 R8.00 7.31 2008 13.89 R12.79 R97.5 12.23 R11.26 79.9 R9.65 R8.88 20.5 11.75 R10.82 9.26 2009 R12.14 R11.08 R97.4 R10.06 R9.18 R77.8 R5.33 R4.86 R18.8 R8.13 R7.41 R4.93 2010P 11.20 10.12 96.6 9.15 8.27 71.1 5.40 4.88 16.9 NA NA 5.26 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. 2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-onlyplants. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 2001, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. SeeNote 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.

4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used

primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas inthe operation of fleet vehicles. 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

7 The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available. 8 Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported natural

gas consumption—this can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts relatedto non-electric generating activities.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. • The average

for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sectorby the total quantity consumed. • Prices are intended to include all taxes. • See Note 2, "Classification of

Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalg

1967. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: • 1989-2009—U.S. Energ

(EIA), Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Ga• 2010—EIA, Form EIA-857, "Monthly Report of Natural Gas Purchases anVehicle Fuel: EIA, Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 1967-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports.• 2006-2009—EIA, Natural Gas MTable 3. • 2010—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report." EleSector: • 1973-2001—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels fpredecessor forms), divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by th1973-1988, see Table 8.5b; for 1989-2001, see Table 8.7b). • 2002-2008quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power pFERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility PCost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report," divided by the quantity the electric power sector (see Table 8.7b). • 2009 and 2010—Calculated by gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power producers reported on Operations Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by thTable 8.7b). All Other Data: • 1967-2005—EIA, NGA, annual reports. (March 2011), Table 3.
Natural Gas

Note 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental gaseous fuels are anysubstances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase thevolume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,

or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.

Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels

are included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for1980 forward, the amount consumed by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA.

These estimates are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous fuels)data for Tables 1.3, 2.1b, 2.1c, 2.1d, and 2.1f (note: to avoid double-counting inthese tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are accounted for in their primary energycategory: “Coal,” “Petroleum,” or “Biomass”). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are not commingled with natural gasused for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The estimatedconsumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector (residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that sector’s natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption by the residential,commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors (see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in Btu, the residential,commercial, and other industrial values in cubic feet are multiplied by the “End-UseSectors” conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in cubic feetare multiplied by the “Electric Power Sector” conversion factors (see Table A4).Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of

the Btu values for the sectors.

Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics arecompiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distributioncompanies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sectorfrom these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and thenbalanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are thefollowing: Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for space

heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector—Consumption by

nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The

commercial sector includes generators that produce eoutput primarily to support the activities of the abovelishments; Industrial Sector—Consumption by estain processing unfinished materials into another form petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease sector includes generators that produce electricity primarily to support the above-mentioned industriSector—Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, use as vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (eleent power producers)—Consumption for electricimal output at electricity-only and combined-heat-anthe NAICS (North American Industry Classificatio

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity a

Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prtility generators were not separately collected from nEIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and SupDisposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those voluboth the industrial and electric power sectors and doution. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reportgenerators.Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in in million cubic feet, are: 1992–2,112; 1993–2,81996–6,111; 1997–8,393; 1998–9,416; 1999–10,3982002–15,810; 2003–17,484; 2004–21,487; 2005–22,572008–25,659; and 2009–26,936.Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natura

data for electric power sector natural gas prices inclwhich the generator nameplate capacity of all stotaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peand counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater include all electric utility plants at which the genersteam-electric units combined totaled 50 megawatdata include all electric utility plants at which the of all steam-electric units and combined-cycle unwatts or greater. For 2002 forward, data include elpower producer plants at which the total facility fo

ing capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of u

208 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
7. Coal

Figure 7.0 Coal Flow, 2010

(Million Short Tons)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Includes fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste that are consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Notes: • Production categories are estimated; other 

derived from source data prior to rounding for publicatiocomponents due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2010Overview, 2010 Production as Share of Consumption by Type 212 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production as share of petroleum products supplied.

Sources: Tables 5.1b, 6.1, and 7.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons Production Consumption

Net Exports

1,085

19

82

1,048

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125

0

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Trade

Stock Change 4

Losses an

Unaccounted 

Imports Exports Net Imports 3 

1949 480.6 NA 0.3 32.8 -32.5 6 ( ) 6-35.1 1950 560.4 NA .4 29.4 -29.0 6 ( ) 637.3 1955 490.8 NA .3 54.4 -54.1 6 ( ) 6-10.3 1960 434.3 NA .3 38.0 -37.7 6 ( ) 6-1.5 1965 527.0 NA .2 51.0 -50.8 6 ( ) 64.1 1970 612.7 NA (s) 71.7 -71.7 6 ( ) 617.7 1975 654.6 NA .9 66.3 -65.4 32.2 -5.5 1976 684.9 NA 1.2 60.0 -58.8 8.5 13.8 1977 697.2 NA 1.6 54.3 -52.7 22.6 -3.4 1978 670.2 NA 3.0 40.7 -37.8 -4.9 12.1 1979 781.1 NA 2.1 66.0 -64.0 36.2 .4 1980 829.7 NA 1.2 91.7 -90.5 25.6 10.8 1981 823.8 NA 1.0 112.5 -111.5 -19.0 -1.4 1982 838.1 NA .7 106.3 -105.5 22.6 3.1 1983 782.1 NA 1.3 77.8 -76.5 -29.5 -1.6 1984 895.9 NA 1.3 81.5 -80.2 28.7 -4.3 1985 883.6 NA 2.0 92.7 -90.7 -27.9 2.8 1986 890.3 NA 2.2 85.5 -83.3 4.0 -1.2 1987 918.8 NA 1.7 79.6 -77.9 6.5 -2.5 1988 950.3 NA 2.1 95.0 -92.9 -24.9 -1.3 1989 980.7 1.4 2.9 100.8 -98.0 -13.7 2.9 1990 1,029.1 3.3 2.7 105.8 -103.1 26.5 -1.7 1991 996.0 4.0 3.4 109.0 -105.6 -.9 -3.9 1992 997.5 6.3 3.8 102.5 -98.7 -3.0 .5 1993 945.4 8.1 8.2 74.5 -66.3 -51.9 -4.9 1994 1,033.5 8.2 8.9 71.4 -62.5 23.6 4.3 1995 1,033.0 8.6 9.5 88.5 -79.1 -.3 .6 1996 1,063.9 8.8 8.1 90.5 -82.4 -17.5 1.4 1997 1,089.9 8.1 7.5 83.5 -76.1 -11.3 3.7 1998 1,117.5 8.7 8.7 78.0 -69.3 24.2 -4.4 1999 1,100.4 8.7 9.1 58.5 -49.4 24.0 -2.9 2000 1,073.6 9.1 12.5 58.5 -46.0 -48.3 .9 2001 11,127.7 10.1 19.8 48.7 -28.9 41.6 7.1 2002 1,094.3 9.1 16.9 39.6 -22.7 10.2 4.0 2003 1,071.8 10.0 25.0 43.0 -18.0 -26.7 -4.4 2004 1,112.1 11.3 27.3 48.0 -20.7 -11.5 6.9 2005 1,131.5 13.4 30.5 49.9 -19.5 -9.7 9.1 2006 1,162.7 14.4 36.2 49.6 -13.4 42.6 8.8 2007 1,146.6 14.1 36.3 59.2 -22.8 5.8 4.1 2008 1,171.8 14.1 34.2 81.5 -47.3 12.4 5.7 2009 R1,074.9 R13.7 22.6 59.1 -36.5 R39.7 R15.0 2010P 1,085.3 13.9 19.4 81.7 -62.4 -20.5 8.9 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coalsupplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.

6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of section. 

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal Supplied: • 19

Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001—Report," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Repforward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December 2010 (• 1949-2001—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table ES-Change: Table 7.6. Losses and Unaccounted for: Calculated. Cons
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2010

Total By RankBy Mining Method By Location214 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Subbitumino

1 Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969. Source: Table 7.2.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Million Short Tons

Bitu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons 1.1 billion short tons in 2010

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

300600900

Million Short Tons Surface

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Underground

Million Short TonsEast of the Mississippi

West of the Mississippi
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Rank Mining Method Location

Bituminous

Coal 1

Subbituminous

Coal Lignite Anthracite 1 Underground Surface 1

East of the 

Mississippi 1

W

M

1949 437.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 444.2 1950 516.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 524.4 1955 464.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 464.2 1960 415.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 413.0 1965 512.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 499.5 1970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 567.8 1975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 543.7 1976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 548.8 1977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 533.3 1978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 487.2 1979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 559.7 1980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 578.7 1981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 553.9 1982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 564.3 1983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 507.4 1984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 587.6 1985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 558.7 1986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 564.4 1987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 581.9 1988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 579.6 1989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 599.0 1990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 630.2 1991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 591.3 1992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 588.6 1993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 516.2 1994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 566.3 1995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 544.2 1996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 563.7 1997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 579.4 1998 640.6 385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 570.6 1999 601.7 406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 529.6 2000 574.3 409.2 85.6 4.6 373.7 700.0 507.5 2001 1611.3 434.4 80.0 11.9 380.6 1747.1 1528.8 2002 572.1 438.4 82.5 1.4 357.4 736.9 492.9 2003 541.5 442.6 86.4 1.3 352.8 719.0 469.2 2004 561.5 465.4 83.5 1.7 367.6 744.5 484.8 2005 571.2 474.7 83.9 1.7 368.6 762.9 493.8 2006 561.6 515.3 84.2 1.5 359.0 803.7 490.8 2007 542.8 523.7 78.6 1.6 351.8 794.8 478.2 2008 555.3 539.1 75.7 1.7 357.1 814.7 493.3 2009 R504.1 R496.4 72.5 1.9 R332.1 R742.9 R449.6 2010 E509.0 E501.2 E73.2 E1.9 E337.4 E747.9 E446.5 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EnergyData Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977

and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal 

Operations—1977; 1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 19

• 1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Rep

• 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal ProductioCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2009—EIA, • 2010—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2010 ("Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2010By Sector, 2010 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2010216 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-only

plants.

2 For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 7.3.

Residential, Commercial1,

and Transportation2

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons Electric Power3

(s) 3

70

976

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power3

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

(s) (s)

7

11 13

44

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1949 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Residential

Sector 1

Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electric Power S

CHP 

3 Other 4 Total Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Total

Electricity

CHP Only CHP 

5 Non-CHP 6 Total

1949 52.4 7 ( ) 64.1 64.1 91.4 8 ( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 84.0 NA 1950 51.6 7 ( ) 63.0 63.0 104.0 8 ( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 91.9 NA 1955 35.6 7 ( ) 32.9 32.9 107.7 8 ( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 143.8 NA 1960 24.2 7 ( ) 16.8 16.8 81.4 8 ( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 176.7 NA 1965 14.6 7 ( ) 11.0 11.0 95.3 8 ( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 .7 244.8 NA 1970 9.0 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 96.5 8 ( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 .3 320.2 NA 1975 2.8 7 ( ) 6.6 6.6 83.6 8 ( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 406.0 NA 1976 2.6 7 ( ) 6.3 6.3 84.7 8 ( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 448.4 NA 1977 2.5 7 ( ) 6.4 6.4 77.7 8 ( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 477.1 NA 1978 2.2 7 ( ) 7.3 7.3 71.4 8 ( ) 63.1 63.1 134.5 8 ( ) 481.2 NA 1979 1.7 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 77.4 8 ( ) 67.7 67.7 145.1 8 ( ) 527.1 NA 1980 1.4 7 ( ) 5.1 5.1 66.7 8 ( ) 60.3 60.3 127.0 8 ( ) 569.3 NA 1981 1.3 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 61.0 8 ( ) 67.4 67.4 128.4 8 ( ) 596.8 NA 1982 1.4 7 ( ) 6.8 6.8 40.9 8 ( ) 64.1 64.1 105.0 8 ( ) 593.7 NA 1983 1.4 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 37.0 8 ( ) 66.0 66.0 103.0 8 ( ) 625.2 NA 1984 1.7 7 ( ) 7.4 7.4 44.0 8 ( ) 73.7 73.7 117.8 8 ( ) 664.4 NA 1985 1.7 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 41.1 8 ( ) 75.4 75.4 116.4 8 ( ) 693.8 NA 1986 1.8 7 ( ) 5.9 5.9 35.9 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 111.5 8 ( ) 685.1 NA 1987 1.6 7 ( ) 5.3 5.3 37.0 8 ( ) 75.2 75.2 112.1 8 ( ) 717.9 NA 1988 1.6 7 ( ) 5.6 5.6 41.9 8 ( ) 76.3 76.3 118.1 8 ( ) 758.4 NA 1989 1.3 1.1 3.7 4.9 40.5 24.9 51.3 76.1 116.6 8 ( ) 767.4 4.8 1990 1.3 1.2 4.2 5.4 38.9 27.8 48.5 76.3 115.2 8 ( ) 774.2 8.4 1991 1.1 1.2 3.8 5.0 33.9 27.0 48.4 75.4 109.3 8 ( ) 773.2 10.7 1992 1.1 1.2 3.9 5.0 32.4 28.2 45.8 74.0 106.4 8 ( ) 781.2 13.9 1993 1.1 1.4 3.7 5.1 31.3 28.9 46.0 74.9 106.2 8 ( ) 816.6 15.1 1994 .9 1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 29.7 45.5 75.2 106.9 8 ( ) 821.2 17.1 1995 .8 1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 29.4 43.7 73.1 106.1 8 ( ) 832.9 17.3 1996 .7 1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 29.4 42.3 71.7 103.4 8 ( ) 878.8 18.1 1997 .7 1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 29.9 41.7 71.5 101.7 8 ( ) 904.2 17.1 1998 .5 1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 28.6 38.9 67.4 95.6 8 ( ) 920.4 16.3 1999 .6 1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 27.8 37.0 64.7 92.8 8 ( ) 924.7 16.2 2000 .5 1.5 2.1 3.7 28.9 28.0 37.2 65.2 94.1 8 ( ) 967.1 18.7 2001 .5 1.4 2.4 3.9 26.1 25.8 39.5 65.3 91.3 8 ( ) 946.1 18.4 2002 .5 1.4 2.5 3.9 23.7 26.2 34.5 60.7 84.4 8 ( ) 960.1 17.4 2003 .6 1.8 1.9 3.7 24.2 24.8 36.4 61.3 85.5 8 ( ) 983.5 21.6 2004 .5 1.9 2.7 4.6 23.7 26.6 35.6 62.2 85.9 8 ( ) 994.8 21.5 2005 .4 1.9 2.4 4.3 23.4 25.9 34.5 60.3 83.8 8 ( ) 1,015.6 21.8 2006 .3 1.9 1.1 2.9 23.0 25.3 34.2 59.5 82.4 8 ( ) 1,004.8 21.9 2007 .4 1.9 1.2 3.2 22.7 22.5 34.1 56.6 79.3 8 ( ) 1,022.8 22.3 2008 .4 2.0 1.1 3.2 22.1 21.9 32.5 54.4 76.5 8 ( ) 1,017.8 22.8 2009 R.4 1.8 1.1 2.9 15.3 R19.8 R25.5 R45.3 R60.6 8 ( ) R913.6 R20.1 2010P .3 1.8 1.0 2.7 21.1 23.6 25.0 48.5 69.6 8 ( ) 954.4 21.2 

1 See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.

4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 5 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP." 7 Included in "Commercial Other." 8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Notes: • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c

for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. • See Note 

section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.go

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Electr

8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Min"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Coal—BituminCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy DaAnthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. • 1979 and 1980—EICoal Report. • 1981-2003—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) Octob• 2004 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table 32
Figure 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin

Total, 2000-2010 By Country, 2010By Selected Country, 2000-2010218 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due Source: Table 7.4.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

10203040

Million Short Tons Indonesia 10% Other <1% Canada

9%

Venezuela 3%

To

19.4 million 

Australia 2%

Colombia

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

05

1015202530

Million Short Tons Canada

Venezuela Indonesia
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2010

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Australia

New

Zealand Canada Mexico Colombia Venezuela China India Indonesia

Europe

Norway Poland Russia Ukraine 

United

Kingdom Other 

2000 0.2 0.0 1.9 (s) 7.6 2.0 (s) (s) 0.7 0.0 0.0 (s) 0.0 (s) 0.0 2001 .3 (s) 2.6 (s) 11.2 3.3 .1 (s) .9 (s) .5 .2 .0 .1 (s) 2002 .8 .0 2.1 (s) 9.2 3.3 .1 (s) 1.0 .0 .1 .1 .0 (s) (s) 2003 .3 .1 2.1 .0 15.5 4.6 .1 (s) 2.1 .0 .0 .1 .0 (s) (s) 2004 .3 .0 2.9 (s) 16.7 4.4 .1 (s) 2.2 .0 .1 .3 .1 (s) .1 2005 .2 (s) 2.0 (s) 21.2 3.7 (s) .0 2.5 .0 .1 .4 (s) (s) .1 2006 .2 .0 2.0 .0 25.3 4.2 (s) .0 3.1 (s) .0 .9 .0 (s) .2 2007 .1 .1 2.0 .0 26.9 3.4 .1 (s) 3.7 (s) .0 .1 (s) (s) (s) 2008 .1 .0 2.0 .0 26.3 2.3 (s) .0 3.4 .0 .0 (s) (s) .0 (s) 2009 .2 .0 1.3 (s) 17.8 1.3 (s) (s) 2.1 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) 2010P .4 (s) 1.8 .0 14.6 .6 .1 (s) 1.9 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) 

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 2000—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau o

• 2001 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration, Ququarterly reports.
Figure 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2010 By Selected Country, 2010By Selected Country, 1960-2010220 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Source: Table 7.5.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

lands

11.4

7.9

7.3

4.4

Canada Brazil Nether- United 

0

2

468

10

12

Million Short Tons

Kingdom

Total

Europe

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

102030

Million Short Tons

Netherlands

Ca

Japan
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Canada Brazil

Europe

Belgium 

1 Denmark France Germany 2 Italy

Netherlands Spain Turkey United Kingdom Other Total

1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 NA – 2.4 17.1 1965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 NA (s) 2.3 25.1 1966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 NA (s) 2.5 23.1 1967 15.8 1.7 1.4 – 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 NA – 2.1 19.4 1968 17.1 1.8 1.1 – 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 NA – 1.9 15.5 1969 17.3 1.8 .9 – 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 NA – 1.3 15.2 1970 19.1 2.0 1.9 – 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 NA (s) 1.8 21.8 1971 18.0 1.9 .8 – 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 NA 1.7 1.1 16.6 1972 18.7 1.9 1.1 – 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 NA 2.4 1.1 16.9 1973 16.7 1.6 1.2 – 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 NA .9 1.3 14.4 1974 14.2 1.3 1.1 – 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 NA 1.4 .9 16.1 1975 17.3 2.0 .6 – 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 NA 1.9 1.6 19.0 1976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 NA .8 2.1 19.9 1977 17.7 2.3 1.5 .1 2.1 .9 4.1 2.0 1.6 NA .6 2.1 15.0 1978 15.7 1.5 1.1 – 1.7 .6 3.2 1.1 .8 NA .4 2.2 11.0 1979 19.5 2.8 3.2 .2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 NA 1.4 4.4 23.9 1980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 NA 4.1 6.0 41.9 1981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 .6 2.3 8.2 57.0 1982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 1.6 2.0 6.0 51.3 1983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.6 1.2 4.7 33.1 1984 20.4 4.7 3.9 .6 3.8 .9 7.6 5.5 2.3 1.5 2.9 3.9 32.8 1985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.2 2.7 8.1 45.1 1986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 .8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.4 2.9 5.9 42.6 1987 16.2 5.8 4.6 .9 2.9 .5 9.5 4.1 2.5 .8 2.6 5.8 34.2 1988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 .7 11.1 5.1 2.5 2.0 3.7 6.4 45.1 1989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 .7 11.2 6.1 3.3 1.7 4.5 7.2 51.6 1990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 2.1 5.2 7.4 58.4 1991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 2.2 6.2 8.2 65.5 1992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 2.0 5.6 6.6 57.3 1993 8.9 5.2 5.2 .3 4.0 .5 6.9 5.6 4.1 1.6 4.1 5.3 37.6 1994 9.2 5.5 4.9 .5 2.9 .3 7.5 4.9 4.1 1.3 3.4 6.0 35.8 1995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 2.0 4.7 8.7 48.6 1996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 2.2 6.2 7.7 47.2 1997 15.0 7.5 4.3 .4 3.4 .9 7.0 4.8 4.1 2.1 7.2 7.1 41.3 1998 20.7 6.5 3.2 .3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 1.6 5.9 5.3 33.8 1999 19.8 4.4 2.1 – 2.5 .6 4.0 3.4 2.5 .8 3.2 3.5 22.5 2000 18.8 4.5 2.9 .1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 1.8 3.3 3.9 25.0 2001 17.6 4.6 2.8 – 2.2 .9 5.4 2.1 1.6 .9 2.5 2.4 20.8 2002 16.7 3.5 2.4 – 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.9 .6 1.9 1.8 15.6 2003 20.8 3.5 1.8 .3 1.3 .5 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.1 15.1 2004 17.8 4.4 1.7 .1 1.1 .6 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.3 15.2 2005 19.5 4.2 2.1 .1 1.3 .7 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 4.1 18.8 2006 19.9 4.5 2.2 .4 1.6 1.7 3.3 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.6 4.2 20.8 2007 18.4 6.5 2.1 .1 2.4 2.3 3.5 4.6 1.5 1.4 3.4 5.8 27.1 2008 23.0 6.4 3.1 .4 3.5 2.5 3.2 7.0 2.4 1.9 5.8 10.6 40.3 2009 10.6 7.4 2.7 .3 3.4 2.5 2.3 5.9 1.7 1.4 4.6 5.3 30.1 2010P 11.4 7.9 2.3 .1 3.2 2.7 3.3 7.3 1.9 2.5 4.4 10.5 38.2 

1 Through 1999, includes Luxembourg. 2 Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for

Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

P=Preliminary. NA=Not Available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1960, see http://www.eia.gov/Sources: • 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bure

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. • 1989-2000—U.S. Energy IIndustry Annual, annual reports. • 2001 forward—EIA, Quartequarterly reports; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the C
Figure 7.6 Coal Stocks

Total and Electric Power Stocks, 1949-2010 By Selected Holding Entity, 2010By Selected Holding Entity, 1949-2010222 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: Stocks are at end of year. Source: Table 7.6.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150200250

Million Short Tons

Power Sector1 

Total

Electric

Power 

Sector1

and Distributo

175

42

Electric Producers 

0

255075

100125150175200

Million Short Tons

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Electric Power Sector1

In

Producers and Dis
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Producers

and

Distributors

Consumers

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 2 

1 Total

1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.0 3 ( ) 22.1 1950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.0 3 ( ) 31.8 1955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.3 3 ( ) 41.4 1960 NA .7 11.1 11.6 22.8 3 ( ) 51.7 1965 NA .4 10.6 13.1 23.8 3 ( ) 54.5 1970 NA .3 9.0 11.8 20.8 3 ( ) 71.9 1975 12.1 .2 8.8 8.5 17.3 3 ( ) 110.7 1976 14.2 .2 9.9 7.1 17.0 3 ( ) 117.4 1977 14.2 .2 12.8 11.1 23.9 3 ( ) 133.2 1978 20.7 .4 8.3 9.0 17.3 NA 128.2 1979 20.8 .3 10.2 11.8 21.9 NA 159.7 1980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 NA 183.0 1981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 NA 168.9 1982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 NA 181.1 1983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 NA 155.6 1984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 NA 179.7 1985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 NA 156.4 1986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 NA 161.8 1987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 NA 170.8 1988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 NA 146.5 1989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 NA 135.9 1990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 NA 156.2 1991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 NA 157.9 1992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 NA 154.1 1993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 NA 111.3 1994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 NA 126.9 1995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 NA 126.3 1996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 NA 114.6 1997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 NA 98.8 1998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 NA 120.5 1999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 NA 141.6 2000 31.9 NA 1.5 4.6 6.1 NA 102.3 2001 35.9 NA 1.5 6.0 7.5 NA 138.5 2002 43.3 NA 1.4 5.8 7.2 NA 141.7 2003 38.3 NA .9 4.7 5.6 NA 121.6 2004 41.2 NA 1.3 4.8 6.2 NA 106.7 2005 35.0 NA 2.6 5.6 8.2 NA 101.1 2006 36.5 NA 2.9 6.5 9.4 NA 141.0 2007 34.0 NA 1.9 5.6 7.6 NA 151.2 2008 34.7 .5 2.3 6.0 8.3 NA 161.6 2009 R47.7 .5 2.0 5.1 7.1 NA R189.5 R2010P E42.2 .6 1.9 4.5 6.5 NA 175.2 

1 Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in

1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.

2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1998, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Included in "Industrial Sector Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: Electric Power Sector: Table 8.8. All Other Data

Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—• 1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DLignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 aCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal ReporWeekly Coal Report. • 1980-2003—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2
Figure 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity

Total, 1949-2010 Mining Methods, 2010 LocatioMining Method,1 1949-2010 By Region and Mining Method, 2010224 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.

Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

Source: Table 7.7.

05

101520

Short Tons per Employee Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

Short Tons per Employee Hour

2.91

9.48

Underground Surface

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour 1.77 in 1978 5.57 in 2010

Peak: 6.99 in 2000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour 2.67 3.24 

Underground Surface Und

06

12

1824

Short Tons per Employee Hour

Surface

Underground

 East of Mississippi 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Short Tons per Employee Hour 1

)

Year

Mining Method Location 

Underground Surface 2 

East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 

Underground Surface 2 Total 2 Underground Surface 2 To

1949 30.68 31.92 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 3.72 31.96 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 31.04 32.65 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 31.33 32.91 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 31.75 34.10 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 31.72 34.53 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 31.19 33.26 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 31.14 33.25 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 31.09 33.16 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 31.04 33.03 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA 1982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA 1983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA 1984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 71985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 71986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 71987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 81988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 91989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 101990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 101991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 101992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 111993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 121994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 131995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 141996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 151997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 161998 3.90 9.58 3.69 4.31 3.89 6.76 18.82 161999 3.99 10.39 3.74 4.48 3.97 7.45 19.57 172000 4.15 11.01 3.89 4.82 4.18 7.66 20.04 172001 4.02 210.58 3.71 24.53 23.98 8.39 220.63 2182002 3.98 10.36 3.67 4.22 3.86 7.80 20.67 182003 4.04 10.75 3.68 4.18 3.85 8.33 21.42 182004 3.96 10.55 3.59 3.95 3.72 8.22 22.04 192005 3.62 10.03 3.28 3.75 3.44 7.48 21.98 182006 3.37 10.18 3.06 3.74 3.29 6.62 22.26 182007 3.34 10.24 3.03 3.74 3.27 6.52 22.35 182008 3.15 9.81 2.87 3.58 3.12 6.07 21.85 172009 R2.99 R9.22 R2.74 R3.33 2.94 R5.51 R19.85 R162010P 2.91 9.48 2.67 3.24 2.85 5.52 20.28 16

1 Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 for

anthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee day—these data were converted to shorttons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated bydividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginningin 1998, the calculation also includes office workers. 2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 3 Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "C

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—U.S. Energy InformData Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennand 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Operations—1977; 1978 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1Report, Coal Production—1979. • 1980-1988—EIA, Coal Production, aCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2009—EIA, Annu• 2010—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. DepHealth Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and C
Figure 7.8 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2010Overview, 2010 Trade226 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Source: Table 7.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Million Short Tons Consu

Production

15.0

1.2 1.5

14.8

Production Imports Exports Consumption

05

101520

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Million Short Tons 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.8 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production

Trade

Stock Change 2 

Imports Exports Net Imports 1

1949 63.6 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.2 1950 72.7 .4 .4 (s) -.7 1955 75.3 .1 .5 -.4 -1.2 1960 57.2 .1 .4 -.2 .1 1965 66.9 .1 .8 -.7 .7 1970 66.5 .2 2.5 -2.3 1.0 1975 57.2 1.8 1.3 .5 4.1 1976 58.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 1.5 1977 53.5 1.8 1.2 .6 (s) 1978 49.0 5.7 .7 5.0 -2.9 1979 52.9 4.0 1.4 2.5 1.7 1980 46.1 .7 2.1 -1.4 3.4 1981 42.8 .5 1.2 -.6 -1.9 1982 28.1 .1 1.0 -.9 1.5 1983 25.8 (s) .7 -.6 -4.7 1984 30.4 .6 1.0 -.5 .2 1985 28.4 .6 1.1 -.5 -1.2 1986 24.9 .3 1.0 -.7 -.5 1987 26.3 .9 .6 .3 -1.0 1988 28.9 2.7 1.1 1.6 .5 1989 28.0 2.3 1.1 1.2 .3 1990 27.6 .8 .6 .2 (s) 1991 24.0 1.2 .8 .4 .2 1992 23.4 2.1 .7 1.4 -.2 1993 23.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 -.4 1994 22.7 3.3 1.0 2.4 -.5 1995 23.7 3.8 1.4 2.5 .4 1996 23.1 2.5 1.6 .9 (s) 1997 22.1 3.1 1.3 1.9 (s) 1998 20.0 3.8 1.1 2.7 -.4 1999 20.0 3.2 .9 2.3 -.1 2000 20.8 3.8 1.1 2.6 .2 2001 18.9 2.5 1.3 1.2 -.1 2002 16.8 3.2 .8 2.5 -.4 2003 17.2 2.8 .7 2.0 -.2 2004 16.9 6.9 1.3 5.6 (s) 2005 16.7 3.5 1.7 1.8 .3 2006 16.4 4.1 1.6 2.5 .1 2007 16.2 2.5 1.4 1.0 -.1 2008 15.6 3.6 2.0 1.6 .3 2009 11.1 .3 1.3 -1.0 -.1 2010P 15.0 1.2 1.5 -.2 -.1 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a

positive value indicates an increase.

3 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://ww

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboo

• 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Chemicals, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rereports. • 2004 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2010 (Ma
Figure 7.9 Coal Prices

Total, 1949-2010By Type, 1949-2010 By Type, 2010228 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short TonPeak 1975: $57.65 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short Ton

60.56

52.74

18.47

Bituminous Anthracite Lignite 

0

10203040506070

Nominal Dollars2 per Short Ton Bituminous Coal Anthracite Lignite

Coal 

Subbituminous Coal

1 In chainedl (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary. 2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 7.9.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 7.9 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Dollars per Short Ton)

Year

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 1 Anthracite 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 N

1949 44.90 433.83 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.37 16.36 8.90 61.44 1950 44.86 433.19 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.41 16.46 9.34 63.78 1955 44.51 427.19 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.38 14.35 8.00 48.23 1960 44.71 425.33 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.29 12.31 8.01 43.07 1965 44.45 422.34 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.13 10.69 8.51 42.72 1970 46.30 425.91 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1.86 7.65 11.03 45.36 1975 419.79 458.96 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.17 9.44 32.26 96.12 1976 420.11 456.67 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.74 10.54 33.92 95.58 1977 420.59 454.54 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4.03 10.68 34.86 92.34 1978 422.64 456.04 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 5.68 14.06 35.25 87.25 1979 27.31 62.41 9.55 21.82 6.48 14.81 41.06 93.83 1980 29.17 61.09 11.08 23.20 7.60 15.92 42.51 89.02 1981 31.51 60.34 12.18 23.32 8.85 16.95 44.28 84.79 1982 32.15 58.02 13.37 24.13 9.79 17.67 49.85 89.96 1983 31.11 54.01 13.03 22.62 9.91 17.20 52.29 90.78 1984 30.63 51.25 12.41 20.76 10.45 17.48 48.22 80.68 1985 30.78 49.99 12.57 20.41 10.68 17.34 45.80 74.38 1986 28.84 45.82 12.26 19.48 10.64 16.91 44.12 70.10 1987 28.19 43.53 11.32 17.48 10.85 16.75 43.65 67.40 1988 27.66 41.29 10.45 15.60 10.06 15.02 44.16 65.92 1989 27.40 39.41 10.16 14.61 9.91 14.26 42.93 61.75 1990 27.43 37.99 9.70 13.43 10.13 14.03 39.40 54.57 1991 27.49 36.77 9.68 12.95 10.89 14.57 36.34 48.61 1992 26.78 34.99 9.68 12.65 10.81 14.12 34.24 44.74 1993 26.15 33.43 9.33 11.93 11.11 14.20 32.94 42.11 1994 25.68 32.15 8.37 10.48 10.77 13.48 36.07 45.16 1995 25.56 31.35 8.10 9.93 10.83 13.28 39.78 48.79 1996 25.17 30.29 7.87 9.47 10.92 13.14 36.78 44.27 1997 24.64 29.14 7.42 8.78 10.91 12.90 35.12 41.54 1998 24.87 29.08 6.96 8.14 11.08 12.96 42.91 50.18 1999 23.92 27.57 6.87 7.92 11.04 12.72 35.13 40.49 2000 24.15 27.24 7.12 8.03 11.41 12.87 40.90 46.14 2001 25.36 27.98 6.67 7.36 11.52 12.71 47.67 52.59 2002 26.57 28.84 7.34 7.97 11.07 12.02 47.78 51.87 2003 26.73 28.41 7.73 8.21 11.20 11.90 49.87 53.00 2004 30.56 31.58 8.12 8.39 12.27 12.68 39.77 41.10 2005 36.80 36.80 8.68 8.68 13.49 13.49 41.00 41.00 2006 39.32 38.08 9.95 9.64 14.00 13.56 43.61 R42.24 2007 40.80 R38.38 10.69 10.06 14.89 R14.01 52.24 R49.15 2008 51.39 R47.31 12.31 R11.33 16.50 R15.19 60.76 R55.94 2009 R55.44 R50.58 R13.35 R12.18 R17.26 R15.75 R57.10 R52.09 R2010E 60.56 54.73 13.99 12.64 18.47 16.69 52.74 47.66 

1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977

and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.

2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point

of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. For 1949-2000, prices are for open marketand captive coal sales; for 2001-2007, prices are for open market coal sales; for 2008 forward, prices arefor open market and captive coal sales. See "Captive Coal," "Free on Board (F.O.B.)," and "Open MarketCoal" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal—Bituminous and LigYearbook. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, BituminouMine Operations, and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1979—EIA, Report, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1980-1992—EIA, C• 1993-2000—EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and unpublisAnnual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2010—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "CDepartment of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 70and Coal Production Report."
Coal

Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminouscoal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarilyfrom consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electricpower companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based on consumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Beginning in 2008, data on coal consumption by the residentialand commercial sectors are based on data received on Form EIA-3, "Quarterly CoalConsumption and Quality Report–Manufacturing and Transformation/ProcessingCoal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.” Prior to 2008, data on coalconsumption by the residential and commercial sectors are based on distribution dataobtained annually from coal distributors. Included in each sector’s data are thefollowing: Residential and Commercial Sectors—commercial and institutionalestablishments including military bases, universities, and various State facilities;Industrial Sector—consumption at manufacturing plants, coking plants, and coalpreparation plants; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent powerproducers)—consumption for electric generation and useful thermal output atelectricity-only and CHP plants within the North American Industry ClassificationSystem (NAICS) 22 category, whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. There are no data for the Transportation Sector.

Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Cons

2007, coal consumption by the residential and commthe U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) EIA estimates the amount consumed by the sectoestimates, it is first assumed that an occupied coal-fuel at the same Btu rate as an oil-heated housing which data are available on the number of occupsource (1950, 1960, 1970, 1973–1981, and subsequTable 2.7), residential consumption of coal is estimratio is created of the number of occupied housinnumber of housing units heated by oil; that ratio quantity of oil consumed by the residential sector to quantity of coal consumed by the residential sectormated as the residential sector consumption is subtrcommercial sectors’ combined consumption to deestimated consumption. The 1950 share is applied t

years’ shares are interpolated.

Beginning in 2008, coal consumption is reported to Etional users. However, EIA continues to allocate a tion to the residential sector using the above methodo

230 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
8. Electricity

Figure 8.0 Electricity Flow, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

3 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram by

subtracting the “T & D Losses” estimate from “T & D Losses and Unaccounted for” derived fromTable 8.1.

4 Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of

generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated a

6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) prod

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in dirprocess located within the same facility or group of facil

ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • See Note, “Elect

end of Section 2. • Net generation of electricity includminus energy used for pumping. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of componen

Sources: Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 

Administration, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations R
Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview

Overview, 2010 Electricity Trade, 1949-2010Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2010(Billion Kilowatthours)234 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy

service providers.

3 See Table 8.1, footnote 8.

4 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses th

generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electhe end of Section 2.

5 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.

3,971

8 140 45 19

3,750

134

Electric Com- Indus- Imports Exports Retail Direct

0

1,5003,0004,500

Billion Kilowatthours

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Kilowatthours Imports

Sales2 Use3

Exports

Power1 mercial trial

Net Generation Trade End Use
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Net Generation Trade

T & D Losses 5

and

Unaccounted

for 6

Electric Power

Sector 2

Commercial

Sector 3

Industrial

Sector 4 Total

Imports 1 Exports 1 Net Imports 1

Re

Sal

From Canada Total To Canada Total Total 

1949 291 NA 5 296 NA 2 NA (s) 2 43 21950 329 NA 5 334 NA 2 NA (s) 2 44 21955 547 NA 3 550 NA 5 NA (s) 4 58 41960 756 NA 4 759 NA 5 NA 1 5 76 61965 1,055 NA 3 1,058 NA 4 NA 4 (s) 104 91970 1,532 NA 3 1,535 NA 6 NA 4 2 145 1,31975 1,918 NA 3 1,921 NA 11 NA 5 6 180 1,71976 2,038 NA 3 2,041 NA 11 NA 2 9 194 1,81977 2,124 NA 3 2,127 NA 20 NA 3 17 197 1,91978 2,206 NA 3 2,209 NA 21 NA 1 20 211 2,01979 2,247 NA 3 2,251 NA 23 NA 2 20 200 2,01980 2,286 NA 3 2,290 NA 25 NA 4 21 216 2,01981 2,295 NA 3 2,298 NA 36 NA 3 33 184 2,1982 2,241 NA 3 2,244 NA 33 NA 4 29 187 2,01983 2,310 NA 3 2,313 NA 39 NA 3 35 198 2,1984 2,416 NA 3 2,419 NA 42 NA 3 40 173 2,21985 2,470 NA 3 2,473 NA 46 NA 5 41 190 2,31986 2,487 NA 3 2,490 NA 41 NA 5 36 158 2,31987 2,572 NA 3 2,575 NA 52 NA 6 46 164 2,41988 2,704 NA 3 2,707 NA 39 NA 7 32 161 2,51989 22,848 4 4115 2,967 NA 26 NA 15 11 222 2,61990 2,901 6 131 3,038 16 18 16 16 2 203 2,71991 2,936 6 133 3,074 20 22 2 2 20 207 2,71992 2,934 6 143 3,084 26 28 2 3 25 212 2,71993 3,044 7 146 3,197 29 31 3 4 28 224 2,81994 3,089 8 151 3,248 45 47 1 2 45 211 2,91995 3,194 8 151 3,353 41 43 2 4 39 229 3,01996 3,284 9 151 3,444 42 43 2 3 40 231 3,1997 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 43 7 9 34 224 3,1998 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 40 12 14 26 221 3,21999 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 43 13 14 29 240 3,32000 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 49 13 15 34 244 3,42001 3,580 7 149 3,737 38 39 16 16 22 202 3,32002 3,698 7 153 3,858 37 37 15 16 21 248 3,42003 3,721 7 155 3,883 29 30 24 24 6 228 3,42004 3,808 8 154 3,971 33 34 22 23 11 266 3,52005 3,902 8 145 4,055 R42 R44 19 R19 25 269 3,62006 3,908 8 148 4,065 42 43 23 24 18 266 3,62007 4,005 8 143 4,157 50 51 20 20 31 R298 3,72008 3,974 8 137 4,119 56 57 R24 24 33 R287 3,72009 R3,810 8 R132 R3,950 51 52 R18 18 34 R261 R3,52010P 3,971 8 140 4,120 44 45 19 19 26 261 3,7

1 Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data

are for industrial hydroelectric power only.

5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and

delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.

6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy

service providers. 8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by e

power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or infacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. D

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and No

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

By Sector, 1989-2010 By Source Category, 2010 By Source, 2010By Source, 1949-2010236 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, solar thermal and photovoltaic,

batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

2 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours2.9

0.8

0.4

Fossil Nuclear Renewable

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours 

20%

6%

24%

6% Total (All Sectors)

Natural

Gas

Othe

Electric Power

Hydroelectric

Power2

Nuclear

Electric Power

Fuels

Commercial and Industrial

Electric Power Energy

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Other1 Nuclear Electric Power

Natural Gas 
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2010 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels. 2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

— = No data reported.(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.

4.0

0.1 (s)

Electric Power Industrial Commercial

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

1

2

345

Trillion KilowatthoursElectricity-Only Pl

Combined-Heat-and

4

(ss) 1 (—) (ss) (ss) 

79

26

18

8

2 2 1 

Natural Gas Wood Coal Other Gases1 Petroleum Conventional W

0

306090

Billion Kilowatthours

Industrial Commercial

Hydroelectric

Power
238 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind 

7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA NA 1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 100.9 .4 NA NA NA NA 1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 116.2 .3 NA NA NA NA 1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 149.4 .1 NA (s) NA NA 1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 197.0 .3 NA .2 NA NA 1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 251.0 .1 .2 .5 NA NA 1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 303.2 (s) .2 3.2 NA NA 1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 286.9 .1 .2 3.6 NA NA 1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 223.6 .3 .2 3.6 NA NA 1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 283.5 .2 .1 3.0 NA NA 1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 283.1 .3 .2 3.9 NA NA 1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 279.2 .3 .2 5.1 NA NA 1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 263.8 .2 .1 5.7 NA NA 1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 312.4 .2 .1 4.8 NA NA 1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 335.3 .2 .2 6.1 NA (s) 1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 324.3 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (s) 1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 284.3 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (s) 1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 294.0 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 252.9 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (s) 1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 226.1 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 198911 1,583.8 164.4 352.6 7.9 2,108.6 529.4 6 ( ) 272.0 27.2 9.2 14.6 .3 2.1 1990 1,594.0 126.5 372.8 10.4 2,103.6 576.9 -3.5 292.9 32.5 13.3 15.4 .4 2.8 1991 1,590.6 119.8 381.6 11.3 2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 289.0 33.7 15.7 16.0 .5 3.0 1992 1,621.2 100.2 404.1 13.3 2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 36.5 17.8 16.1 .4 2.9 1993 1,690.1 112.8 414.9 13.0 2,230.7 610.3 -4.0 280.5 37.6 18.3 16.8 .5 3.0 1994 1,690.7 105.9 460.2 13.3 2,270.1 640.4 -3.4 260.1 37.9 19.1 15.5 .5 3.4 1995 1,709.4 74.6 496.1 13.9 2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 310.8 36.5 20.4 13.4 .5 3.2 1996 1,795.2 81.4 455.1 14.4 2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 347.2 36.8 20.9 14.3 .5 3.2 1997 1,845.0 92.6 479.4 13.4 2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 356.5 36.9 21.7 14.7 .5 3.3 1998 1,873.5 128.8 531.3 13.5 2,547.1 673.7 -4.5 323.3 36.3 22.4 14.8 .5 3.0 1999 1,881.1 118.1 556.4 14.1 2,569.7 728.3 -6.1 319.5 37.0 22.6 14.8 .5 4.5 2000 1,966.3 111.2 601.0 14.0 2,692.5 753.9 -5.5 275.6 37.6 23.1 14.1 .5 5.6 2001 1,904.0 124.9 639.1 9.0 2,677.0 768.8 -8.8 217.0 35.2 14.5 13.7 .5 6.7 2002 1,933.1 94.6 691.0 11.5 2,730.2 780.1 -8.7 264.3 38.7 15.0 14.5 .6 10.4 2003 1,973.7 119.4 649.9 15.6 2,758.6 763.7 -8.5 275.8 37.5 15.8 14.4 .5 11.2 2004 1,978.3 121.1 710.1 15.3 2,824.8 788.5 -8.5 268.4 38.1 15.4 14.8 .6 14.1 2005 2,012.9 122.2 761.0 13.5 2,909.5 782.0 -6.6 270.3 38.9 15.4 14.7 .6 17.8 2006 1,990.5 64.2 816.4 14.2 2,885.3 787.2 -6.6 289.2 38.8 16.1 14.6 .5 26.6 2007 2,016.5 65.7 896.6 13.5 2,992.2 806.4 -6.9 247.5 39.0 16.5 14.6 .6 34.4 2008 1,985.8 46.2 883.0 11.7 2,926.7 806.2 -6.3 254.8 37.3 17.7 R14.8 .9 55.4 2009 R1,755.9 R38.9 R921.0 R10.6 R2,726.5 R798.9 R-4.6 R273.4 R36.1 R18.4 R15.0 R.9 R73.9 2010P 1,850.7 36.9 981.8 11.2 2,880.7 807.0 -4.1 257.1 38.0 18.6 15.7 1.3 94.6 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from 

fuels).

11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric ut

1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Beginning independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plant

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of 

of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#el

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector, and 

forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind Total 7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA NA 90.1 1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 95.9 .4 NA NA NA NA 96.3 1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 113.0 .3 NA NA NA NA 113.3 1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 145.8 .1 NA (s) NA NA 146.0 1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 193.9 .3 NA .2 NA NA 194.3 1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 247.7 .1 .2 .5 NA NA 248.6 1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 300.0 (s) .2 3.2 NA NA 303.5 1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 283.7 .1 .2 3.6 NA NA 287.6 1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 220.5 .3 .2 3.6 NA NA 224.5 1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 280.4 .2 .1 3.0 NA NA 283.7 1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 279.8 .3 .2 3.9 NA NA 284.2 1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 276.0 .3 .2 5.1 NA NA 281.5 1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 260.7 .2 .1 5.7 NA NA 266.7 1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 309.2 .2 .1 4.8 NA NA 314.4 1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 332.1 .2 .2 6.1 NA (s) 338.6 1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 321.2 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (s) 329.8 1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 281.1 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (s) 291.9 1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 290.8 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 302.3 1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 249.7 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (s) 262.0 1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 222.9 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 234.9 198911 1,562.4 159.0 297.3 .5 2,019.1 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 5.6 7.7 14.6 .3 2.1 299.5 1990 1,572.1 118.9 309.5 .6 2,001.1 576.9 -3.5 289.8 7.0 11.5 15.4 .4 2.8 326.9 1991 1,568.8 112.8 317.8 .7 2,000.1 612.6 -4.5 286.0 7.7 13.9 16.0 .5 3.0 327.0 1992 1,597.7 92.2 334.3 1.2 2,025.4 618.8 -4.2 250.0 8.5 15.9 16.1 .4 2.9 293.9 1993 1,665.5 105.4 342.2 1.0 2,114.1 610.3 -4.0 277.5 9.2 16.2 16.8 .5 3.0 323.2 1994 1,666.3 98.7 385.7 1.1 2,151.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 9.2 17.0 15.5 .5 3.4 299.7 1995 1,686.1 68.1 419.2 1.9 2,175.3 673.4 -2.7 305.4 7.6 18.0 13.4 .5 3.2 348.0 1996 1,772.0 74.8 378.8 1.3 2,226.9 674.7 -3.1 341.2 8.4 17.8 14.3 .5 3.2 385.4 1997 1,820.8 86.5 399.6 1.5 2,308.4 628.6 -4.0 350.6 8.7 18.5 14.7 .5 3.3 396.3 1998 1,850.2 122.2 449.3 2.3 2,424.0 673.7 -4.5 317.9 8.6 19.2 14.8 .5 3.0 364.0 1999 1,858.6 111.5 473.0 1.6 2,444.8 728.3 -6.1 314.7 9.0 19.5 14.8 .5 4.5 362.9 2000 1,943.1 105.2 518.0 2.0 2,568.3 753.9 -5.5 271.3 8.9 20.3 14.1 .5 5.6 320.7 2001 1,882.8 119.1 554.9 .6 2,557.5 768.8 -8.8 213.7 8.3 12.9 13.7 .5 6.7 256.0 2002 1,910.6 89.7 607.7 2.0 2,610.0 780.1 -8.7 260.5 9.0 13.1 14.5 .6 10.4 308.0 2003 1,952.7 113.7 567.3 2.6 2,636.4 763.7 -8.5 271.5 9.5 13.8 14.4 .5 11.2 321.0 2004 1,957.2 114.7 627.2 3.6 2,702.6 788.5 -8.5 265.1 9.7 13.1 14.8 .6 14.1 317.4 2005 1,992.1 116.5 683.8 3.8 2,796.1 782.0 -6.6 267.0 10.6 13.0 14.7 .6 17.8 323.7 2006 1,969.7 59.7 734.4 4.3 2,768.1 787.2 -6.6 286.3 10.3 13.9 14.6 .5 26.6 352.2 2007 1,998.4 61.3 814.8 4.0 2,878.5 806.4 -6.9 245.8 10.7 14.3 14.6 .6 34.4 320.5 2008 1,968.8 42.9 802.4 3.2 2,817.3 806.2 -6.3 253.1 10.6 15.4 R14.8 .9 55.4 R350.2 2009 R1,741.1 35.8 R841.0 3.1 R2,621.0 R798.9 R-4.6 R271.5 R10.7 R16.0 R15.0 R.9 R73.9 R388.0 2010P 1,831.2 34.4 898.4 2.8 2,766.9 807.0 -4.1 255.3 11.5 16.1 15.7 1.3 94.6 394.5 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and comb

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricthe public. • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricit"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independen

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form F

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FoPlant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIAPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PoweEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, ForPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—NonForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PowEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIA, FOperations Report."
240 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010

 (Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind Tot

7 Waste 8

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 – 1,979.3 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 4.2 6.9 14.6 0.3 2.1 2971990 1,560.2 117.6 264.7 (s) 1,942.4 576.9 -3.5 289.8 5.6 10.4 15.4 .4 2.8 3241995 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 .5 3.2 3441996 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 .5 3.2 381997 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 .5 3.3 3921998 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 .1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 .5 3.0 3591999 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 .5 4.5 3582000 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 .2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 .5 5.6 3162001 1,851.8 113.2 427.0 (s) 2,392.0 768.8 -8.8 213.7 6.6 11.3 13.7 .5 6.7 2522002 1,881.2 83.3 456.8 .2 2,421.5 780.1 -8.7 260.5 7.3 11.2 14.5 .6 10.4 3042003 1,915.8 108.5 421.2 .3 2,445.7 763.7 -8.5 271.5 7.4 11.9 14.4 .5 11.2 3172004 1,921.1 109.4 491.2 .4 2,522.0 788.5 -8.5 265.1 8.1 11.8 14.8 .6 14.1 3142005 1,955.5 111.2 553.2 (s) 2,619.9 782.0 -6.6 267.0 8.5 11.7 14.7 .6 17.8 3202006 1,933.7 55.2 618.0 (s) 2,607.0 787.2 -6.6 286.2 8.3 12.5 14.6 .5 26.6 3482007 1,962.0 56.9 686.3 .1 2,705.3 806.4 -6.9 245.8 8.7 12.9 14.6 .6 34.4 3172008 1,932.0 39.3 683.3 (s) 2,654.6 806.2 -6.3 253.1 8.6 14.0 R14.8 .9 55.4 R3462009 R1,711.9 R31.9 R722.7 .1 R2,466.6 R798.9 R-4.6 R271.5 R8.5 14.3 R15.0 R.9 R73.9 R3842010P 1,799.3 31.5 776.0 .1 2,606.9 807.0 -4.1 255.3 9.0 14.4 15.7 1.3 94.6 390

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 – – – 1.3 0.9 – – – 21990 11.9 1.3 44.8 .6 58.7 – – – 1.4 1.1 – – – 21995 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 31996 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 – – – 1.9 1.7 – – – 31997 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 – – – 2.2 2.1 – – – 41998 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 – – – 2.0 2.3 – – – 41999 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 – – – 1.7 2.4 – – – 42000 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 – – – 1.6 2.7 – – – 42001 31.0 6.0 128.0 .6 165.5 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 32002 29.4 6.5 150.9 1.7 188.5 – – – 1.7 2.0 – – – 32003 36.9 5.2 146.1 2.4 190.6 – – – 2.1 1.9 – – – 42004 36.1 5.3 136.0 3.2 180.6 – – – 1.6 1.3 – – – 22005 36.5 5.3 130.7 3.8 176.2 – – (s) 2.1 1.3 – – – 32006 36.0 4.5 116.4 4.2 161.1 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 32007 36.4 4.4 128.4 3.9 173.2 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 32008 36.9 3.6 119.0 3.2 162.7 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 32009 R29.2 R3.9 R118.3 3.0 R154.4 – – (s) R2.3 R1.7 – – – R32010P 31.9 2.9 122.3 2.8 159.9 – – (s) 2.5 1.6 – – – 4

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 catego

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 bilNotes: • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and elec

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plaend of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepen

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electrici

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer RepEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant ReEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothemal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind 

6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 – – 0.1 0.1 0.5 – – – 1990 .8 .6 3.3 .1 4.8 – – .1 .1 .8 – – – 1995 1.0 .4 5.2 – 6.5 – – .1 .1 1.5 – – – 1996 1.1 .4 5.2 (s) 6.7 – – .1 .1 2.2 – – – 1997 1.0 .4 4.7 (s) 6.2 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 1998 1.0 .4 4.9 (s) 6.3 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 1999 1.0 .4 4.6 (s) 6.0 – – .1 (s) 2.4 – – – 2000 1.1 .4 4.3 (s) 5.8 – – .1 (s) 2.0 – – – 2001 1.0 .4 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.0 – – – 2002 1.0 .4 4.3 (s) 5.7 – – (s) (s) 1.1 – – – 2003 1.2 .4 3.9 – 5.5 – – .1 (s) 1.3 – – – 2004 1.3 .5 4.0 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2005 1.4 .4 4.2 – 6.0 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – – – 2006 1.3 .2 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2007 1.4 .2 4.3 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2008 1.3 .1 4.2 – 5.6 – – .1 (s) 1.5 – (s) – 2009 R1.1 R.2 R4.2 – R5.5 – – .1 (s) R1.7 – (s) R(s) 2010P 1.1 .1 4.5 – 5.7 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – (s) (s) 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 20.7 4.8 53.2 7.3 85.9 – – 2.7 21.6 0.9 – – – 1990 21.1 7.0 60.0 9.6 97.8 – – 3.0 25.4 .9 – – – 1995 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 – – 5.3 28.9 .9 – – – 1996 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 – – 5.9 28.4 .9 – – – 1997 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 – – 5.7 28.2 .9 – – – 1998 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 – – 5.3 27.7 .9 – – – 1999 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 – – 4.8 28.1 .7 – – – 2000 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 – – 4.1 28.7 .8 – – – 2001 20.1 5.3 79.8 8.5 113.6 – – 3.1 26.9 .6 – – – 2002 21.5 4.4 79.0 9.5 114.4 – – 3.8 29.6 .8 – – – 2003 19.8 5.3 78.7 13.0 116.8 – – 4.2 28.0 .7 – – – 2004 19.8 6.0 79.0 11.7 116.4 – – 3.2 28.4 .8 – – – 2005 19.5 5.4 72.9 9.7 107.4 – – 3.2 28.3 .7 – – – 2006 19.5 4.2 77.7 9.9 111.3 – – 2.9 28.4 .6 – – – 2007 16.7 4.2 77.6 9.4 107.9 – – 1.6 28.3 .6 – – – 2008 15.7 3.2 76.4 8.5 103.9 – – 1.7 26.6 .8 – – – 2009 R13.7 R3.0 R75.7 7.6 R100.0 – – 1.9 R25.3 R.7 – – – R2010P 18.4 2.4 79.0 8.4 108.1 – – 1.6 26.4 .8 – (s) – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial elec11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 Notes: • See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power sector electric

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Powat end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#elec

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-86Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined • 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010 Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2010By Sector, 1989-2010 By Sector, 2010242 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-bfuels).

Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.

562

517

286

98

Wood Natural Coal Other Pe

0

100200300400500600

Trillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Gases1

1.2

0.3

Industrial Electric Power 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Gas

Commercial

Electric Power

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-

 (Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 323 96 462 93 973 546 30 577 1990 363 127 538 141 1,168 651 36 687 1991 352 112 547 148 1,159 623 37 660 1992 367 117 592 160 1,236 658 40 698 1993 373 129 604 142 1,248 668 45 713 1994 388 133 646 144 1,309 722 45 767 1995 386 121 686 145 1,338 721 47 768 1996 392 133 711 150 1,385 701 55 756 1997 389 137 713 150 1,389 731 55 785 1998 382 136 782 167 1,466 700 57 757 1999 386 125 811 179 1,501 690 55 744 2000 384 108 812 184 1,488 707 56 764 2001 354 90 741 133 1,318 557 28 585 2002 337 73 709 118 1,236 546 26 572 2003 333 85 610 110 1,139 597 35 632 2004 352 97 654 126 1,230 637 30 667 2005 342 92 624 138 1,197 628 36 665 2006 333 78 603 126 1,140 653 37 690 2007 327 76 554 116 1,074 616 35 651 2008 315 48 509 111 983 572 38 610 2009 R282 R53 R513 R100 R947 R509 38 R547 2010P 286 38 517 98 939 562 36 598 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fro

fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data do not include electric utility combined-heat-a

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usemay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
244 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 19

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 1990 21 9 80 4 114 18 6 25 1991 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1992 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 1993 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 1994 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1995 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 1996 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 1997 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 1998 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 1999 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 2000 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 2001 52 6 164 5 226 8 4 13 2002 40 4 214 6 264 8 5 13 2003 38 7 200 9 255 9 11 20 2004 39 8 239 18 305 9 9 17 2005 40 8 239 37 323 10 8 18 2006 38 7 207 23 275 10 7 17 2007 38 7 213 20 279 11 8 19 2008 37 7 204 22 270 9 8 17 2009 R38 7 R191 20 R256 9 R8 R18 2010P 40 6 197 19 262 11 8 19 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plan

primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Data • See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data. Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energ"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 foOperations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Se

 Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Ot

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 8

1989 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 1990 15 5 16 (s) 36 (s) 10 11 1995 17 3 29 – 48 (s) 15 15 1996 20 3 33 (s) 55 1 17 18 1997 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 1998 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 1999 20 3 37 (s) 61 1 17 17 2000 21 4 39 (s) 64 1 17 18 2001 18 4 35 – 58 1 8 8 2002 18 3 36 – 57 1 6 7 2003 23 3 17 – 42 1 8 8 2004 22 4 22 – 49 (s) 8 9 2005 23 4 20 – 47 (s) 8 9 2006 22 2 19 (s) 44 (s) 9 9 2007 23 2 20 – 44 1 6 7 2008 23 2 20 – 45 (s) 9 9 2009 20 R1 R26 – R47 (s) 8 R8 2010P 20 1 25 – 46 (s) 7 8 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 1990 327 113 443 137 1,019 632 20 652 1995 329 105 540 140 1,114 706 20 726 1996 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 1997 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 1998 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 1999 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 2000 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 2001 284 80 542 128 1,034 548 16 564 2002 278 66 458 112 914 537 15 552 2003 272 75 393 101 842 588 16 604 2004 290 85 393 108 876 628 13 641 2005 280 81 364 102 827 618 20 638 2006 272 69 377 103 821 642 21 663 2007 266 67 322 96 751 605 21 625 2008 255 39 285 89 668 563 21 584 2009 R223 R45 R296 R80 R644 R500 R21 R521 2010P 226 31 295 79 630 551 21 572 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trilNotes: • See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP data. • See 

Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use S"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electric

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860BReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant ReEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EOperations Report."
Figure 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation

Total and Major Fuel Categories, 1949-2010 By Major Fuel, 2010By Major Fuel, 1949-2010 By Sector, 1989-2010246 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Conventional hydroelectric power.2 Geothermal, other gases, electricity net imports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy,

batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-fuels). 3 Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of 

Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

19.2

8.4 7.8

2.5

0.9 0

Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Wind Pe

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Total Energy

Electric

Power

Gas Electric

Power1

le

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

06

12

1824

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power 

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable

Energy

Co

Industrial3
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Y

 (Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Oth

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 1,431 N1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 1,421 N1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1,363 N1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,608 2 NA R(s) NA NA 1,610 N1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,059 3 NA R2 NA NA R2,064 N1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,634 1 2 R6 NA NA R2,643 N1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,155 (s) 2 R34 NA NA R3,190 N1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,976 1 2 R38 NA NA R3,017 N1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,333 3 2 R37 NA NA R2,376 N1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,937 2 1 R31 NA NA R2,971 N1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,931 3 2 R40 NA NA R2,976 N1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,900 3 2 R53 NA NA R2,957 N1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,758 3 1 R59 NA NA R2,821 N1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,266 2 1 R51 NA NA R3,320 N1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,527 2 2 R64 NA (s) R3,595 N1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,386 5 4 R81 (s) (s) R3,476 N1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,970 8 7 R97 (s) (s) R3,082 N1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,071 5 7 R108 (s) (s) R3,191 N1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,635 8 7 R112 (s) (s) R2,762 N1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,334 10 8 R106 (s) (s) R2,458 N1989 1116,359 111,756 113,582 90 1121,788 115,602 122,837 11345 11151 11,R152 113 1122 11,R3,510 1990 16,477 1,366 3,791 112 21,746 6,104 3,046 442 211 R161 4 29 R3,893 1991 16,460 1,276 3,861 125 21,723 6,422 3,016 425 247 R167 5 31 R3,889 1992 16,686 1,076 3,999 141 21,903 6,479 2,617 481 283 R167 4 30 R3,582 1993 17,424 1,203 4,027 136 22,790 6,410 2,892 485 288 R173 5 31 R3,874 1994 17,485 1,135 4,476 136 23,233 6,694 2,683 498 301 R160 5 36 R3,683 1995 17,687 813 4,840 133 23,473 7,075 3,205 480 316 R138 5 33 R4,177 1996 18,650 888 4,400 159 24,097 7,087 3,590 513 324 R148 5 33 R4,613 1997 19,128 985 4,658 119 24,890 6,597 3,640 484 339 R150 5 34 R4,653 1998 19,417 1,378 5,205 125 26,124 7,068 3,297 475 332 R151 5 31 R4,290 1999 19,467 1,285 5,441 126 26,320 7,610 3,268 490 332 R152 5 46 R4,292 2000 20,411 1,212 5,818 126 27,567 7,862 2,811 496 330 R144 5 57 R3,843 2001 19,789 1,347 6,001 97 27,235 8,029 2,242 486 228 R142 6 70 R3,173 2002 19,997 1,014 6,250 131 27,392 8,145 2,689 605 257 R147 6 105 R3,809 2003 20,367 1,266 5,736 156 27,525 7,959 2,825 519 249 R148 5 115 R3,860 2004 20,376 1,248 5,827 135 27,586 8,222 2,690 344 230 R148 6 142 R3,560 2005 20,802 1,269 6,212 110 28,393 8,161 2,703 355 230 R147 6 178 R3,619 2006 20,527 668 6,644 115 27,954 8,215 2,869 350 241 R145 5 264 R3,873 2007 20,842 683 7,288 115 28,927 8,455 2,446 353 245 R145 6 341 R3,536 2008 20,549 485 7,087 97 28,218 8,427 2,511 339 267 R146 9 546 R3,817 R2009 R18,241 R403 R7,302 R84 R26,029 R8,356 R2,669 R320 R272 R146 R9 R721 R4,137 R2010P 19,187 385 7,805 89 27,465 8,441 2,509 335 263 153 13 924 4,196 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of

section.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. 

electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and in

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trilliNotes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data 

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility comb• This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric puwas made because most of the electricity used to pump water into elevaby plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energdata columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#elect

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sector, and 

sector. • 1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.
248 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, 

 Selected Years, 1949-2010 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Other 9

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 NA 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 NA 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 NA 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,569 2 NA R(s) NA NA 1,571 NA 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,026 3 NA R2 NA NA R2,031 NA 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,600 1 2 R6 NA NA R2,609 NA 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,122 (s) 2 R34 NA NA R3,158 NA 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,943 1 2 R38 NA NA R2,983 NA 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,301 3 2 R37 NA NA R2,343 NA 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,905 2 1 R31 NA NA R2,940 NA 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,897 3 2 R40 NA NA R2,942 NA 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,867 3 2 R53 NA NA R2,925 NA 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,725 3 1 R59 NA NA R2,788 NA 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,233 2 1 R51 NA NA R3,286 NA 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,494 2 2 R64 NA (s) R3,562 NA 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,353 5 4 R81 (s) (s) R3,443 NA 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,937 8 7 R97 (s) (s) R3,049 NA 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,038 5 7 R108 (s) (s) R3,158 NA 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,602 8 7 R112 (s) (s) R2,729 NA 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,302 10 8 R106 (s) (s) R2,425 NA 1989 1116,121 111,697 113,107 7 1120,932 115,602 112,808 1175 11126 11,R152 113 1122 11,R3,187 2 1990 16,235 1,281 3,233 6 20,755 6,104 3,014 106 180 R161 4 29 R3,493 (s) 1991 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 6,422 2,985 104 217 R167 5 31 R3,509 4 1992 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 6,479 2,586 120 252 R167 4 30 R3,158 3 1993 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 6,410 2,861 129 255 R173 5 31 R3,454 3 1994 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 6,694 2,620 134 269 R160 5 36 R3,224 2 1995 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 7,075 3,149 106 282 R138 5 33 R3,713 2 1996 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 7,087 3,528 117 280 R148 5 33 R4,112 2 1997 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 6,597 3,581 117 292 R150 5 34 R4,179 1 1998 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 7,068 3,241 125 287 R151 5 31 R3,840 2 1999 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 7,610 3,218 125 290 R152 5 46 R3,836 1 2000 20,153 1,145 5,120 19 26,438 7,862 2,768 126 294 R144 5 57 R3,394 1 2001 19,549 1,280 5,290 9 26,128 8,029 2,209 116 205 R142 6 70 R2,747 109 2002 19,733 955 5,522 25 26,235 8,145 2,650 141 224 R147 6 105 R3,273 137 2003 20,137 1,199 5,009 30 26,374 7,959 2,781 156 216 R148 5 115 R3,421 136 2004 20,217 1,202 5,209 27 26,655 8,222 2,656 150 206 R148 6 142 R3,308 131 2005 20,649 1,227 5,643 24 27,543 8,161 2,670 166 205 R147 6 178 R3,372 116 2006 20,377 635 6,055 28 27,095 8,215 2,839 163 216 R145 5 264 R3,632 117 2007 20,723 651 6,681 27 28,083 8,455 2,430 165 221 R145 6 341 R3,307 117 2008 20,431 463 6,516 23 27,434 8,427 2,494 159 242 R146 9 546 R3,596 R122 2009 R18,135 R382 R6,731 R21 R25,270 R8,356 R2,650 R160 R244 R146 R9 R721 R3,931 R115 2010P 19,039 369 7,211 20 26,638 8,441 2,492 165 236 153 13 924 3,983 115 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of

section.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-athe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or elec• See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only dshows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The chof the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is gpumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted fotable (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plantend of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independe

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All Other Data

8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Admin"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutilit• 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and FoGenerator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-90• 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operation
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sec

 Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Ot

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 9 7 18 1 36 – 1 2 9 – – – 12 1990 9 6 28 1 45 – 1 2 15 – – – 18 1995 12 4 44 – 60 – 1 1 21 – – – 23 1996 14 4 44 (s) 62 – 1 1 31 – – – 33 1997 14 5 40 (s) 59 – 1 1 34 – – – 35 1998 11 5 42 (s) 57 – 1 1 32 – – – 34 1999 12 6 40 (s) 57 – 1 (s) 33 – – – 35 2000 12 5 38 (s) 55 – 1 (s) 26 – – – 28 2001 13 6 37 (s) 56 – 1 (s) 15 – – – 16 2002 9 4 31 (s) 44 – (s) (s) 18 – – – 19 2003 13 5 39 – 58 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 2004 8 5 34 – 46 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 2005 8 4 35 – 46 – 1 (s) 20 – – – 21 2006 8 2 35 R(s) 45 – 1 (s) 21 – – – 22 2007 8 2 35 – 44 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 20 2008 8 1 34 – 43 – 1 (s) 20 – (s) – 21 2009 7 1 R35 – R43 – 1 (s) R23 – (s) R(s) R24 2010P 7 1 36 – 44 – 1 (s) 22 – (s) (s) 24 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 229 52 456 83 820 – 28 267 15 – – – 311 1990 233 79 530 104 946 – 31 335 16 – – – 382 1995 259 66 617 114 1,057 – 55 373 13 – – – 440 1996 261 74 626 143 1,104 – 61 394 13 – – – 468 1997 260 63 637 105 1,064 – 58 367 14 – – – 439 1998 245 67 643 102 1,056 – 55 349 13 – – – 417 1999 242 68 660 112 1,081 – 49 364 8 – – – 422 2000 245 61 660 107 1,074 – 42 369 10 – – – 421 2001 227 62 674 88 1,051 – 33 370 7 – – – 410 2002 255 55 697 106 1,113 – 39 464 15 – – – 518 2003 217 61 687 127 1,093 – 43 362 13 – – – 419 2004 151 42 585 108 885 – 33 194 5 – – – 231 2005 145 39 534 85 804 – 32 189 5 – – – 226 2006 143 31 554 87 814 – 29 187 3 – – – 219 2007 111 30 572 88 800 – 16 188 4 – – – 208 2008 109 21 537 73 740 – 17 179 5 – – – 200 2009 R99 20 R535 R62 R716 – 18 R160 4 – – – R182 2010P 141 15 558 69 783 – 16 169 5 – (s) – 190 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-o

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – =Not applicable. – =No data reported. Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. • S

sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of E"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of sectiocomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electr

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant REIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2010

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste250 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Residual

 Fuel Oil

Total

Petroleum

Source: Table 8.5a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

Waste

Wood

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

50

100150200250300

Million Barrels
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2010

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

7.1

0.5

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

—CHP1

1 Combined-heat-and-power plants.

2 Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.

ElectricityOnly

Plants

971

8 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Short Tons

(s)

ElectricityOnly

Plants

CHP1

—CHP1

62

2 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

20406080

Million Barrels

401

174

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

100200300400500

Trillion Btu Electricity- Only Plants Electricity- Only

Plants

CHP1

(sss)
252 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected 

 (Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Bio

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Tril

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 6 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 5 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 3 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 2 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 3 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA (s) 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 3 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 2 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 3 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 3 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 3 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 2 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 2 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 5 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 8 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 5 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 8 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 10 198911 781,672 27,733 249,614 303 667 280,986 3,485,429 90 345 1990 792,457 18,143 190,652 437 1,914 218,800 3,691,563 112 442 1991 793,666 16,564 177,780 380 1,789 203,669 3,764,778 125 425 1992 805,140 14,493 144,467 759 2,504 172,241 3,899,718 141 481 1993 842,153 16,845 159,059 715 3,169 192,462 3,928,653 136 485 1994 848,796 22,365 145,225 929 3,020 183,618 4,367,148 136 498 1995 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,737,871 133 480 1996 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312,458 159 513 1997 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,564,770 119 484 1998 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081,384 125 475 1999 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,321,984 126 490 2000 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691,481 126 496 2001 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 5,832,305 97 486 2002 987,583 23,286 109,235 1,894 6,836 168,597 6,126,062 131 605 2003 1,014,058 29,672 142,518 2,947 6,303 206,653 5,616,135 156 519 2004 1,020,523 20,163 142,088 2,856 7,677 203,494 5,674,580 135 344 2005 1,041,448 20,651 141,518 2,968 8,330 206,785 6,036,370 110 355 2006 1,030,556 13,174 58,473 2,174 7,363 110,634 6,461,615 115 350 2007 1,046,795 15,683 63,833 2,917 6,036 112,615 7,089,342 115 353 2008 1,042,335 12,832 38,191 2,822 5,417 80,932 6,895,843 97 339 2009 R934,683 R12,658 R28,576 R2,328 R4,821 R67,668 R7,121,069 R84 R320 2010P 979,555 13,892 24,359 1,790 4,956 64,821 7,633,469 89 335 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, m

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-bfuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 198

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data 

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combine• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electric

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,

 Selected Years, 1949-2010 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Biom

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillion 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 6 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 5 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 3 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 2 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 3 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA (s) 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 3 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 2 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 3 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 3 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 3 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 2 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 2 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 5 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 8 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 5 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 8 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 10 198911 771,551 26,036 242,708 9 517 271,340 3,023,513 7 75 1990 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147,289 6 106 1991 782,653 14,255 171,629 58 974 190,810 3,216,056 6 104 1992 793,390 12,469 137,681 118 1,490 157,719 3,324,963 12 120 1993 829,851 14,559 151,407 213 2,571 179,034 3,344,239 12 129 1994 836,113 20,241 137,198 667 2,256 169,387 3,758,484 12 134 1995 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,093,773 18 106 1996 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,659,810 16 117 1997 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903,195 14 117 1998 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,415,813 23 125 1999 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,643,775 14 125 2000 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014,071 19 126 2001 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142,493 9 116 2002 975,251 21,810 104,577 1,243 5,705 156,154 5,408,279 25 141 2003 1,003,036 27,441 137,361 1,937 5,719 195,336 4,909,248 30 156 2004 1,012,459 18,793 138,831 2,511 7,135 195,809 5,075,339 27 150 2005 1,033,567 19,450 138,337 2,591 7,877 199,760 5,484,780 24 166 2006 1,022,802 12,578 56,347 1,783 6,905 105,235 5,891,222 28 163 2007 1,041,346 15,135 62,072 2,496 5,523 107,316 6,501,612 27 165 2008 1,036,891 12,318 37,222 2,608 5,000 77,149 6,342,331 23 159 2009 R929,692 R11,848 R27,768 R2,110 R4,485 R64,151 R6,566,991 R21 R160 2010P 971,322 13,515 23,752 1,705 4,639 62,170 7,055,852 20 165 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data als

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-athe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or elec• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only dataElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ensection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roun

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form 

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Plant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, FPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—NoForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIAOperations Report."
254 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Pl

 Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

B

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Tr

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 270,125 2,790,567 – 59 1990 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 1,008 201,246 2,794,110 (s) 87 1995 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 108,297 3,287,571 (s) 84 1996 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 118,848 2,823,724 (s) 94 1997 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 136,156 3,039,227 1 91 1998 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 197,137 3,543,931 1 95 1999 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 181,905 3,729,175 1 105 2000 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 170,799 4,092,729 2 105 2001 946,068 27,695 157,090 26 1,827 193,945 4,163,930 (s) 96 2002 960,077 21,521 102,622 444 3,925 144,212 4,258,467 6 118 2003 983,538 25,951 136,050 936 4,794 186,904 3,780,314 6 127 2004 994,774 17,944 137,736 1,441 6,096 187,601 4,141,535 5 134 2005 1,015,640 18,689 137,082 1,676 6,876 191,827 4,592,271 (s) 143 2006 1,004,769 12,375 55,192 991 5,988 98,497 5,091,049 (s) 141 2007 1,022,840 14,626 60,929 1,709 4,711 100,818 5,611,600 2 142 2008 1,017,806 11,950 36,059 2,478 4,254 71,760 5,520,491 2 136 2009 R913,566 R11,509 R26,569 R1,911 R3,642 R58,197 R5,750,589 2 R133 2010P 954,414 13,174 22,663 1,631 4,186 58,398 6,211,588 2 137 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 4,173 462 747 6 – 1,215 232,946 7 16 1990 7,088 1,438 2,054 7 – 3,499 353,179 6 18 1995 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 11,366 806,202 18 22 1996 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 11,320 836,086 15 24 1997 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 11,046 863,968 14 26 1998 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 12,310 871,881 21 30 1999 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 12,440 914,600 14 20 2000 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 13,147 921,341 17 21 2001 15,455 1,360 2,059 347 1,482 11,175 978,563 9 20 2002 15,174 289 1,955 800 1,780 11,942 1,149,812 20 23 2003 19,498 1,491 1,311 1,002 926 8,431 1,128,935 23 29 2004 17,685 850 1,095 1,070 1,039 8,209 933,804 22 16 2005 17,927 760 1,254 915 1,001 7,933 892,509 24 22 2006 18,033 203 1,155 792 918 6,738 800,173 27 22 2007 18,506 509 1,144 787 812 6,498 890,012 25 23 2008 19,085 368 1,162 130 746 5,389 821,839 22 23 2009 R16,126 R340 1,199 R199 R843 R5,953 R816,402 R19 R27 2010P 16,908 342 1,090 74 453 3,771 844,264 17 28 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 categ

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data 

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combin• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only dElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electr

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer ReEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860BReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant REIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial 

 Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

B

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu T

Commercial Sector 11

1989 414 882 282 – – 1,165 17,987 1 2 1990 417 580 372 (s) – 953 27,544 1 2 1995 569 493 152 (s) 1 649 42,700 – 1 1996 656 422 218 (s) 1 645 42,380 (s) 1 1997 630 583 200 – 1 790 38,975 (s) 1 1998 440 436 359 – 1 802 40,693 (s) 1 1999 481 506 421 – 1 931 39,045 (s) (s) 2000 514 505 310 1 1 823 37,029 (s) (s) 2001 532 520 469 2 6 1,023 36,248 (s) (s) 2002 477 524 292 10 2 834 32,545 (s) (s) 2003 582 553 326 3 2 894 38,480 – (s) 2004 377 545 214 1 1 766 32,839 – (s) 2005 377 377 201 1 1 585 33,785 – (s) 2006 347 211 116 (s) 1 333 34,623 – (s) 2007 361 156 94 – 2 258 34,087 – (s) 2008 369 131 29 (s) 1 166 33,403 – (s) 2009 R317 145 R39 (s) 1 R190 R34,279 – (s) 2010P 322 122 27 (s) 2 157 35,611 – (s) 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 9,707 815 6,624 294 150 8,482 443,928 83 267 1990 10,740 1,169 6,995 412 905 13,103 516,729 104 335 1995 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 12,265 601,397 114 373 1996 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 13,813 610,268 143 394 1997 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 11,723 622,599 105 367 1998 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 12,392 624,878 102 349 1999 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 12,595 639,165 112 364 2000 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 10,459 640,381 107 369 2001 10,636 1,574 5,693 479 557 10,530 653,565 88 370 2002 11,855 952 4,366 640 1,130 11,608 685,239 106 464 2003 10,440 1,678 4,831 1,006 582 10,424 668,407 127 362 2004 7,687 825 3,043 344 541 6,919 566,401 108 194 2005 7,504 824 2,980 377 452 6,440 517,805 85 189 2006 7,408 385 2,010 391 456 5,066 535,770 87 187 2007 5,089 392 1,666 421 512 5,041 553,643 88 188 2008 5,075 383 941 214 416 3,617 520,109 73 179 2009 R4,674 R664 R769 R218 R335 R3,328 R519,799 R62 R160 2010P 7,911 255 579 84 315 2,494 542,006 69 169 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial elect12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. • See 

power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of sectiocomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electr

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant REIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2010

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste256 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.

Electric Power

Industrial

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

200400600800

Billion Cubic Feet

Industrial

Commercial Commercial

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

05

101520

Million Short Tons Electric

Power

Industrial

Commercial Electric

Power

Industrial

Electric Power and Commerci

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

300600900

1,200

Trillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010 (Sum of Tables 8.6b a

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 16,510 1,410 16,357 353 247 19,357 563,307 116 1990 19,081 2,050 18,428 895 918 25,965 654,749 176 1991 18,458 3,027 15,293 835 777 23,039 663,963 185 1992 19,372 2,358 16,474 935 862 24,077 717,860 200 1993 19,750 2,449 17,933 857 1,031 26,394 733,584 178 1994 20,609 2,811 18,822 609 1,137 27,929 784,015 180 1995 20,418 2,082 16,661 642 1,235 25,562 834,382 181 1996 20,806 2,192 18,552 756 1,275 27,873 865,774 187 1997 21,005 2,584 15,882 289 2,009 28,802 868,569 188 1998 20,320 4,944 16,539 681 1,336 28,845 949,106 209 1999 20,373 4,665 14,133 838 1,437 26,822 982,958 224 2000 20,466 2,897 13,292 1,455 924 22,266 985,263 230 2001 18,944 2,574 11,826 563 661 18,268 898,286 166 2002 17,561 1,462 9,402 1,363 517 14,811 860,019 147 2003 17,720 2,153 10,341 1,629 763 17,939 721,267 138 2004 24,275 3,357 15,390 1,908 1,043 25,870 1,052,100 218 2005 23,833 3,795 15,397 1,302 783 24,408 984,340 238 2006 23,227 1,481 11,373 1,222 1,259 20,371 942,817 226 2007 22,810 1,359 10,783 1,320 1,262 19,775 872,579 214 2008 22,168 1,305 5,285 943 897 12,016 793,537 203 2009 R20,507 R2,142 R5,097 R890 R1,007 R13,161 R816,787 R176 2010P 21,400 1,374 3,868 624 747 9,599 826,876 172 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste frofuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce u

consumed to produce electricity. • Estimates do not include (CHP) plants. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
258 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 639 120 1,471 1 – 1,591 81,670 3 1990 1,266 173 1,630 2 – 1,805 97,330 5 1991 1,221 104 995 1 – 1,101 99,868 5 1992 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 1,229 122,908 6 1993 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 1,591 128,743 4 1994 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 1,791 144,062 6 1995 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 2,784 142,753 5 1996 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 2,424 147,091 5 1997 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 2,466 161,608 10 1998 2,493 134 653 19 103 1,322 172,471 6 1999 3,033 183 572 30 128 1,423 175,757 4 2000 3,107 294 467 51 120 1,412 192,253 7 2001 2,910 219 355 3 119 1,171 199,808 6 2002 2,255 66 197 23 111 841 263,619 7 2003 2,080 190 919 88 80 1,596 225,967 12 2004 3,809 314 985 202 237 2,688 388,424 31 2005 3,918 225 1,072 95 206 2,424 384,365 60 2006 3,834 69 998 87 195 2,129 330,878 37 2007 3,795 192 1,014 98 162 2,114 339,796 34 2008 3,689 230 1,019 62 119 1,907 326,048 38 2009 R3,935 R187 1,015 R100 R126 R1,930 R305,542 34 2010P 4,266 135 944 49 119 1,721 321,851 32 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less thaNotes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce u

consumed to produce electricity. • Estimates are for combinedNAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity include electric utility CHP plants. • See Table 8.6c for commerc1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification oat end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 foOperations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat

 Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.6a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Bio

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillio

Commercial Sector 11

1989 711 202 601 – – 803 12,049 (s) (s) 1990 773 389 715 (s) – 1,104 18,913 (s) (s) 1995 850 319 261 (s) 3 596 34,964 – (s) 1996 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 601 40,075 R – 1 1997 1,108 470 309 – 3 794 47,941 (s) 1 1998 1,002 418 573 – 3 1,006 46,527 (s) 1 1999 1,009 254 412 – 3 682 44,991 R – 1 2000 1,034 403 366 2 4 792 47,844 R – 1 2001 916 505 304 – – 809 42,407 – 1 2002 929 248 108 28 6 416 41,430 – 1 2003 1,234 119 381 12 9 555 19,973 – 1 2004 1,540 570 613 20 8 1,243 39,233 – 1 2005 1,544 417 587 (s) 8 1,045 34,172 – 1 2006 1,539 155 404 – 9 601 33,112 (s) 1 2007 1,566 101 340 – 11 494 35,987 – 2 2008 1,652 287 173 – 9 504 32,813 – 1 2009 R1,481 R120 R173 – 8 R331 R41,275 – 1 2010P 1,465 122 125 – 11 300 39,768 – 1 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 15,160 1,088 14,285 352 247 16,963 469,588 113 659 1990 17,041 1,488 16,084 893 918 23,056 538,506 171 790 1995 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 22,182 656,665 175 882 1996 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 24,848 678,608 182 855 1997 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 25,541 659,021 178 892 1998 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 26,518 730,108 202 862 1999 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 24,718 762,210 219 849 2000 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 20,062 745,165 223 875 2001 15,119 1,850 11,167 560 542 16,287 656,071 160 685 2002 14,377 1,149 9,097 1,312 399 13,555 554,970 139 672 2003 14,406 1,844 9,041 1,529 675 15,788 475,327 126 735 2004 18,926 2,473 13,791 1,686 798 21,939 624,443 187 1,000 2005 18,371 3,153 13,738 1,207 568 20,940 565,803 179 977 2006 17,854 1,258 9,971 1,136 1,055 17,640 578,828 190 1,029 2007 17,449 1,066 9,429 1,222 1,090 17,166 496,796 180 959 2008 16,827 788 4,093 882 769 9,605 434,676 165 905 2009 R15,091 R1,835 R3,909 R790 R873 R10,900 R469,970 R142 R796 2010P 15,670 1,117 2,798 574 617 7,577 465,257 140 873 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful therm

consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.6b for electric power sec"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Planend of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricit

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), F

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant RepEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIAOperations Report."
Figure 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Therma

1989-2010

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste260 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Total

Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short TonsTotal

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet Electricity Generation

Useful Thermal Out

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Total

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Outp

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 798,181 29,143 265,970 656 915 300,342 4,048,736 206 1990 811,538 20,194 209,081 1,332 2,832 244,765 4,346,311 288 1991 812,124 19,590 193,073 1,215 2,566 226,708 4,428,742 311 1992 824,512 16,852 160,941 1,695 3,366 196,318 4,617,578 341 1993 861,904 19,293 176,992 1,571 4,200 218,855 4,662,236 314 1994 869,405 25,177 164,047 1,539 4,157 211,547 5,151,163 316 1995 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572,253 313 1996 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178,232 346 1997 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 5,433,338 307 1998 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030,490 334 1999 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,304,942 350 2000 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,676,744 356 2001 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,730,591 263 2002 1,005,144 24,748 118,637 3,257 7,353 183,408 6,986,081 278 2003 1,031,778 31,825 152,859 4,576 7,067 224,593 6,337,402 294 2004 1,044,798 23,520 157,478 4,764 8,721 229,364 6,726,679 353 2005 1,065,281 24,446 156,915 4,270 9,113 231,193 7,020,709 348 2006 1,053,783 14,655 69,846 3,396 8,622 131,005 7,404,432 341 2007 1,069,606 17,042 74,616 4,237 7,299 132,389 7,961,922 329 2008 1,064,503 14,137 43,477 3,765 6,314 92,948 7,689,380 300 2009 R955,190 R14,800 R33,672 R3,218 R5,828 R80,830 R7,937,856 R259 2010P 1,000,956 15,265 28,227 2,414 5,703 74,420 8,460,344 261 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewab

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste frofuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at 

Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
262 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Outp

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 772,190 26,156 244,179 10 517 272,931 3,105,183 9 1990 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,244,619 11 1991 783,874 14,359 172,625 59 974 191,911 3,315,925 11 1992 795,094 12,623 138,726 128 1,494 158,948 3,447,871 18 1993 831,645 14,849 152,481 239 2,611 180,625 3,472,982 16 1994 838,354 20,612 138,222 771 2,315 171,178 3,902,546 19 1995 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,236,526 24 1996 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,806,901 20 1997 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,064,803 24 1998 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588,284 29 1999 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,819,531 19 2000 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206,324 25 2001 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342,301 15 2002 977,507 21,876 104,773 1,267 5,816 156,995 5,671,897 33 2003 1,005,116 27,632 138,279 2,026 5,799 196,932 5,135,215 41 2004 1,016,268 19,107 139,816 2,713 7,372 198,498 5,463,763 58 2005 1,037,485 19,675 139,409 2,685 8,083 202,184 5,869,145 84 2006 1,026,636 12,646 57,345 1,870 7,101 107,365 6,222,100 65 2007 1,045,141 15,327 63,086 2,594 5,685 109,431 6,841,408 61 2008 1,040,580 12,547 38,241 2,670 5,119 79,056 6,668,379 61 2009 R933,627 R12,035 R28,782 R2,210 R4,611 R66,081 R6,872,533 R55 2010P 975,588 13,650 24,696 1,755 4,758 63,891 7,377,703 52 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-on

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is tthe public. • See Table 8.7c for commercial and industrial CHP "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Pend of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Tdue to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProdEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Comb• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Re
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

B

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu T

Commercial Sector 11

1989 1,125 1,085 883 – – 1,967 30,037 1 2 1990 1,191 969 1,087 (s) – 2,056 46,458 1 2 1995 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 1,245 77,664 – 1 1996 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 1,246 82,455 (s) 2 1997 1,738 1,053 509 – 4 1,584 86,915 (s) 2 1998 1,443 854 932 – 4 1,807 87,220 (s) 2 1999 1,490 759 834 – 4 1,613 84,037 (s) 1 2000 1,547 908 676 3 6 1,615 84,874 (s) 1 2001 1,448 1,026 773 2 6 1,832 78,655 (s) 1 2002 1,405 771 400 38 8 1,250 73,975 (s) 1 2003 1,816 671 708 16 11 1,449 58,453 – 1 2004 1,917 1,115 827 21 9 2,009 72,072 – 2 2005 1,922 794 789 1 9 1,630 67,957 – 1 2006 1,886 366 520 (s) 10 935 67,735 (s) 1 2007 1,927 257 434 – 12 752 70,074 – 2 2008 2,021 418 202 (s) 10 671 66,216 – 1 2009 R1,798 R266 R212 (s) 9 R521 R75,555 – 1 2010P 1,787 244 153 (s) 12 458 75,379 – 1 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 24,867 1,903 20,909 646 397 25,444 913,516 195 926 1990 27,781 2,657 23,079 1,305 1,824 36,159 1,055,235 275 1,125 1995 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 34,448 1,258,063 290 1,255 1996 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 38,661 1,288,876 325 1,249 1997 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 37,265 1,281,620 283 1,259 1998 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 38,910 1,354,986 305 1,211 1999 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 37,312 1,401,374 331 1,213 2000 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 30,520 1,385,546 331 1,244 2001 25,755 3,424 16,860 1,039 1,099 26,817 1,309,636 248 1,054 2002 26,232 2,101 13,463 1,953 1,529 25,163 1,240,209 245 1,136 2003 24,846 3,522 13,872 2,535 1,257 26,212 1,143,734 253 1,097 2004 26,613 3,298 16,835 2,030 1,339 28,857 1,190,844 295 1,193 2005 25,875 3,977 16,718 1,583 1,020 27,380 1,083,607 264 1,166 2006 25,262 1,643 11,981 1,526 1,511 22,706 1,114,597 277 1,216 2007 22,537 1,458 11,096 1,643 1,602 22,207 1,050,439 268 1,148 2008 21,902 1,171 5,034 1,095 1,184 13,222 954,785 239 1,084 2009 R19,766 R2,499 R4,678 R1,008 R1,209 R14,228 R989,769 R204 R955 2010P 23,581 1,372 3,378 659 933 10,071 1,007,263 209 1,042 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial elect12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • See Table 8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only 

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Pend of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals mdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electr

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant REIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coal, 1949-2010 Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2010Petroleum, 1949-2010 Petroleum Products, 2010264 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.2 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.3 Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short

ton.

4 Jet fuel and kerosene.

Note: Stocks are at end of year. Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Petroleum

Coal

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150

Million Barrels

17 17

Distillate Residual Pe

05

101520

Million Barrels

Fuel Oil 

2 Fuel Oil1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons 

1949 22,054 NA NA NA NA 1950 31,842 NA NA NA NA 1955 41,391 NA NA NA NA 1960 51,735 NA NA NA NA 1965 54,525 NA NA NA NA 1970 71,908 NA NA NA 239 1975 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 1976 117,436 14,703 106,993 NA 32 1977 133,219 19,281 124,750 NA 44 1978 128,225 16,386 102,402 NA 198 1979 159,714 20,301 111,121 NA 183 1980 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 1981 168,893 26,094 102,042 NA 42 1982 181,132 23,369 95,515 NA 41 1983 155,598 18,801 70,573 NA 55 1984 179,727 19,116 68,503 NA 50 1985 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 1986 161,806 16,269 56,841 NA 40 1987 170,797 15,759 55,069 NA 51 1988 146,507 15,099 54,187 NA 86 1989 135,860 13,824 47,446 NA 105 1990 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 1991 157,876 16,357 58,636 NA 70 1992 154,130 15,714 56,135 NA 67 1993 111,341 15,674 46,770 NA 89 1994 126,897 16,644 46,344 NA 69 1995 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 1996 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 1997 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 1998 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 19997 141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 2000 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 2001 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 2002 141,714 17,413 25,723 800 1,711 2003 121,567 19,153 25,820 779 1,484 2004 106,669 19,275 26,596 879 937 2005 101,137 18,778 27,624 1,012 530 2006 140,964 18,013 28,823 1,380 674 2007 151,221 18,395 24,136 1,902 554 2008 161,589 17,761 21,088 1,955 739 2009 R189,467 R17,886 R19,068 R2,257 R1,394 2010P 175,160 17,052 16,702 2,371 1,087 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks

of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginning

in 2002, also includes other liquids. 7 Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Note 1, "Coverage 

2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of secof components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electr

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Fo

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CommissiPlant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information AdministratioPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—Operations Report."
Figure 8.9 Electricity End Use

Overview, 1989-2010 Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2010Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2010266 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Retail Sales1

Total End Use

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

2 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial

process located within the same facility or group of facilities ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.

Source: Table 8.9.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1.45

1.33

Residential Commercial Ind

0.00.51.01.52.0

Trillion Kilowatthours

Direct Use2

Commercial

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Retail Sales 1

Direct Use 6 Total End Use7

Discon

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation 4 Total Retail Sales 5 Commerci

1949 67 E59 123 E6 255 NA 255 41950 72 E66 146 E7 291 NA 291 51955 128 E103 260 E6 497 NA 497 71960 201 E159 324 E3 688 NA 688 131965 291 E231 429 E3 954 NA 954 201970 466 E352 571 E3 1,392 NA 1,392 301975 588 E468 688 E3 1,747 NA 1,747 401976 606 E492 754 E3 1,855 NA 1,855 421977 645 E514 786 E3 1,948 NA 1,948 441978 674 E531 809 E3 2,018 NA 2,018 461979 683 543 842 3 2,071 NA 2,071 471980 717 559 815 3 2,094 NA 2,094 481981 722 596 826 3 2,147 NA 2,147 511982 730 609 745 3 2,086 NA 2,086 521983 751 620 776 4 2,151 NA 2,151 541984 780 664 838 4 2,286 NA 2,286 581985 794 689 837 4 2,324 NA 2,324 601986 819 715 831 4 2,369 NA 2,369 631987 850 744 858 5 2,457 NA 2,457 661988 893 784 896 5 2,578 NA 2,578 691989 906 811 926 5 2,647 109 2,756 721990 924 838 946 5 2,713 125 2,837 751991 955 855 947 5 2,762 124 2,886 761992 936 850 973 5 2,763 134 2,897 761993 995 885 977 5 2,861 139 3,001 791994 1,008 913 1,008 5 2,935 146 3,081 821995 1,043 953 1,013 5 3,013 151 3,164 861996 1,083 980 1,034 5 3,101 153 3,254 881997 1,076 1,027 1,038 5 3,146 156 3,302 921998 1,130 1,078 1,051 5 3,264 161 3,425 971999 1,145 1,104 1,058 5 3,312 172 3,484 1,002000 1,192 1,159 1,064 5 3,421 171 3,592 1,052001 1,202 1,191 997 6 3,394 163 3,557 1,082002 1,265 1,205 990 6 3,465 166 3,632 1,102003 1,276 1,199 1,012 7 3,494 168 3,662 – – 2004 1,292 1,230 1,018 7 3,547 168 3,716 – – 2005 1,359 1,275 1,019 8 3,661 150 3,811 – – 2006 1,352 1,300 1,011 7 3,670 147 3,817 – – 2007 1,392 1,336 1,028 8 3,765 R126 R3,890 – – 2008 1,380 1,336 1,009 8 3,733 R132 R3,865 – – 2009 R1,364 R1,307 R917 8 R3,597 R127 R3,724 – – 2010P 1,451 1,329 962 8 3,750 E134 3,884 – – 

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other

sales to public authorities. 3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includesagriculture and irrigation.

4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. 5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation." 6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the

power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use." 8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial sector, excluding publicstreet and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway lighting,interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportationincluding railroads and railways.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electric

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: Residential and Industrial: • 1949-September 1977—Fe

FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Incom1980—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, Operating Revenue and Income." • March 1980-1982—FERC, Form Monthly Statement." • 1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EICompany Monthly Statement." • 1984-1995—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annuforward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (EPM) (March 2011), • 1949-2002—Estimated by EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and "Other (Old)." See estimation methodology at http://www.eia.gov/state/s• 2003 forward—EIA, EPM (March 2011), Table 5.1. Transportation: as the transportation portion of "Other (Old)." See http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. • 2003 forTable 5.1. Direct Use: • 1989-1996—EIA, Form EIA-867, "Annual No• 1997-2009—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2009 (January 2011), Table 7the 2009 value adjusted by the percentage change in commercial and in8.1. Commercial (Old) and Other (Old): • 1949-2002—See sources for 
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2010 By Sector, 2010By Sector, Nominal2 Prices, 1960-2010 By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2010268 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. 2 See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.

3 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sale

agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroad

Note: Taxes are included. Source: Table 8.10.

10.46

9.27

11.58

10.26

6.79

Residential Commercial Ind

0

2

468

10

12

14

Cents per Kilowatthour

Nominal2 Re

Real1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour Nominal2

Other3

Commercial

Residential

Other3

Industrial

Commercial

 Transportation

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

05

1015

Chained (2005) Cents per Kilowatthour
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2010

 (Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation 3 Other 4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 N

1960 2.6 14.0 2.4 12.9 1.1 5.9 NA NA 1.9 10.2 1965 2.4 12.1 2.2 11.0 1.0 5.0 NA NA 1.8 9.0 1966 2.3 11.2 2.1 10.3 1.0 4.9 NA NA 1.8 8.8 1967 2.3 10.9 2.1 10.0 1.0 4.7 NA NA 1.8 8.5 1968 2.3 10.5 2.1 9.5 1.0 4.5 NA NA 1.8 8.2 1969 2.2 9.5 2.1 9.1 1.0 4.3 NA NA 1.7 7.4 1970 2.2 9.1 2.1 8.6 1.0 4.1 NA NA 1.8 7.4 1971 2.3 9.0 2.2 8.6 1.1 4.3 NA NA 1.9 7.4 1972 2.4 9.0 2.3 8.6 1.2 4.5 NA NA 2.0 7.5 1973 2.5 8.9 2.4 8.5 1.3 4.6 NA NA 2.1 7.5 1974 3.1 10.1 3.0 9.8 1.7 5.5 NA NA 2.8 9.1 1975 3.5 10.4 3.5 10.4 2.1 6.3 NA NA 3.1 9.2 1976 3.7 10.4 3.7 10.4 2.2 6.2 NA NA 3.3 9.3 1977 4.1 10.9 4.1 10.9 2.5 6.6 NA NA 3.5 9.3 1978 4.3 10.6 4.4 10.9 2.8 6.9 NA NA 3.6 8.9 1979 4.6 10.5 4.7 10.7 3.1 7.1 NA NA 4.0 9.1 1980 5.4 11.3 5.5 11.5 3.7 7.8 NA NA 4.8 10.1 1981 6.2 11.9 6.3 12.1 4.3 8.2 NA NA 5.3 10.2 1982 6.9 12.5 6.9 12.5 5.0 9.0 NA NA 5.9 10.7 1983 7.2 12.5 7.0 12.2 5.0 8.7 NA NA 6.4 11.1 1984 7.15 11.96 7.13 11.93 4.83 8.08 NA NA 5.90 9.87 1985 7.39 12.00 7.27 11.81 4.97 8.07 NA NA 6.09 9.89 1986 7.42 11.79 7.20 11.44 4.93 7.83 NA NA 6.11 9.71 1987 7.45 11.50 7.08 10.93 4.77 7.37 NA NA 6.21 9.59 1988 7.48 11.17 7.04 10.51 4.70 7.02 NA NA 6.20 9.26 1989 7.65 11.00 7.20 10.36 4.72 6.79 NA NA 6.25 8.99 1990 7.83 10.84 7.34 10.17 4.74 6.57 NA NA 6.40 8.86 1991 8.04 10.75 7.53 10.07 4.83 6.46 NA NA 6.51 8.71 1992 8.21 10.73 7.66 10.01 4.83 6.31 NA NA 6.74 8.81 1993 8.32 10.64 7.74 9.89 4.85 6.20 NA NA 6.88 8.80 1994 8.38 10.49 7.73 9.68 4.77 5.97 NA NA 6.84 8.56 1995 8.40 10.30 7.69 9.43 4.66 5.72 NA NA 6.88 8.44 1996 8.36 10.06 7.64 9.20 4.60 5.54 NA NA 6.91 8.32 1997 8.43 9.97 7.59 8.98 4.53 5.36 NA NA 6.91 8.17 1998 8.26 9.66 7.41 8.67 4.48 5.24 NA NA 6.63 7.75 1999 8.16 9.40 7.26 8.37 4.43 5.11 NA NA 6.35 7.32 2000 8.24 9.30 7.43 8.38 4.64 5.23 NA NA 6.56 7.40 2001 8.58 9.46 7.92 8.74 5.05 5.57 NA NA 7.20 7.94 2002 8.44 9.16 7.89 8.57 4.88 5.30 NA NA 6.75 7.33 2003 8.72 9.27 8.03 8.53 5.11 5.43 7.54 8.01 – – – – 2004 8.95 9.25 8.17 8.44 5.25 5.43 7.18 7.42 – – – – 2005 9.45 9.45 8.67 8.67 5.73 5.73 8.57 8.57 – – – – 2006 10.40 10.07 9.46 9.16 6.16 5.97 9.54 9.24 – – – – 2007 10.65 R10.02 9.65 R9.08 6.39 R6.01 9.70 9.13 – – – – 2008 11.26 R10.37 10.36 R9.54 6.83 R6.29 10.74 R9.89 – – – – 2009 R11.51 R10.50 R10.17 R9.28 R6.81 R6.21 R10.65 R9.72 – – – – 2010P 11.58 10.46 10.26 9.27 6.79 6.14 10.96 9.90 – – – – 

1 Commercial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,

interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 2 Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation. 3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways. 4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agricultureand irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.

5 See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the

categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. • Data represent revenue from electricityretail sales divided by electricity retail sales. • Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demandcharges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and othermiscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not includedeferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from

previous reporting periods. • Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B p

only. (Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or mwith between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For 1980-1982, data are for seelectric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previous yselected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census in 1996, data also include energy service providers selling to retail customers

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form 

Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October 1977-February 1980Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Opera• March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Com• 1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "EleStatement." • 1984-1995—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility ReElectric Power Monthly (March 2011), Table 5.3.
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2010 By Major Category, 2010By Source, 2010270 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Total

1 Conventional and pumped storage.2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil

fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneoustechnologies.

Source: Table 8.11a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Kilowatts

Electr

784

131 

Fossil Renewable Nu

0

300600900

Million Kilowatts

Nuclear Electric Power

Fuels

Fossil Fuels

Renewable

Energy

Energy 

Electric

Power

406

319

101 101

57

38

7 4 2 

Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro- Petroleum Wind Wood Waste Geothermal 

0

100200300400500

Million Kilowatts

electric

Power1
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2010 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Commercial Sector, 2010 Industrial Sector, 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, solar/PV, wood, wind, blast furnace gas, propane gas,

and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels 3 Conventional hydroelectric power.

4 Solar/PV, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purcha

ous technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

300600900

1,200

Million Kilowatts Electric Power Sector

Total (All Sectors)

Commercial and Industrial

Electricity-Only Plants

Combined-Heat-and-Powe

1.2

0.5

0.4

0.3

(s)

Natural Waste Coal Petroleum Other1

0.00.40.8

1.2

1.6

Million Kilowatts

14.7

5.0

4.0

1.8

0.7 

Natural Wood Coal Other Petr

048

12

16

Million Kilowatts

Gas Gas Gases2 leum
272 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind Tot

6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 181950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 191955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 271960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 351965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 51970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 631975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 791976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 781977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 791978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 801979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 831980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 821981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s) 831982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s) 841983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s) 851984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s) 861985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 901986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 91987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s) 91988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s) 92198912 303.1 79.1 135.7 1.5 519.4 98.2 18.1 74.1 5.2 2.1 2.6 .2 1.5 851990 307.4 77.9 140.8 1.6 527.8 99.6 19.5 73.9 5.5 2.5 2.7 .3 1.8 861991 307.4 74.2 147.6 2.1 531.4 99.6 18.4 76.0 6.1 2.9 2.6 .3 1.9 891992 309.4 73.1 152.2 2.1 536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 6.2 3.0 2.9 .3 1.8 891993 310.1 71.1 158.6 1.9 541.8 99.0 21.1 77.4 6.5 3.1 2.9 .3 1.8 921994 311.4 71.7 164.8 2.1 550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 6.7 3.3 3.0 .3 1.7 931995 311.4 66.6 174.5 1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 6.7 3.5 3.0 .3 1.7 931996 313.4 72.5 174.1 1.7 561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 6.8 3.6 2.9 .3 1.7 91997 313.6 72.5 176.5 1.5 564.1 99.7 19.3 79.4 6.9 3.6 2.9 .3 1.6 941998 315.8 66.3 180.3 1.5 563.9 97.1 19.5 79.2 6.8 3.7 2.9 .3 1.7 941999 315.5 60.1 195.1 1.9 572.6 97.4 19.6 79.4 6.8 3.7 2.8 .4 2.3 952000 315.1 61.8 219.6 2.3 598.9 97.9 19.5 79.4 6.1 3.9 2.8 .4 2.4 942001 314.2 66.2 252.8 1.7 634.9 98.2 19.7 78.9 5.9 3.7 2.2 .4 3.9 952002 315.4 59.7 312.5 2.0 689.5 98.7 20.4 79.4 5.8 3.8 2.3 .4 4.4 962003 313.0 60.7 355.4 2.0 731.2 99.2 20.5 78.7 5.9 3.8 2.1 .4 6.0 962004 313.0 59.1 371.0 2.3 745.4 99.6 20.8 77.6 6.2 3.5 2.2 .4 6.5 962005 313.4 58.5 383.1 2.1 757.1 100.0 21.3 77.5 6.2 3.6 2.3 .4 8.7 982006 313.0 58.1 388.3 2.3 761.6 100.3 21.5 77.8 6.4 3.7 2.3 .4 11.3 102007 312.7 56.1 392.9 2.3 764.0 100.3 21.9 77.9 6.7 4.1 2.2 .5 16.5 1082008 313.3 57.4 R397.5 2.0 770.2 100.8 21.9 77.9 6.9 4.2 R2.2 .5 24.7 1162009 R314.3 R56.8 R401.3 R1.9 R774.3 R101.0 R22.2 R78.5 6.9 R4.3 2.4 .6 R34.3 R1272010P 319.4 56.7 406.1 2.0 784.2 101.0 22.5 78.5 7.0 4.4 2.4 .9 37.6 130

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Wood."

11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 198

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources 

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See Note 1, "Coveend of section.• See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricit

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind Tota

6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 181950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 191955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 271960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 351965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 511970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 631975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 791976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 781977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 791978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 801979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 831980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 821981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s) 831982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s) 841983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s) 851984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s) 861985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 901986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 911987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s) 911988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s) 92198912 298.0 78.1 125.4 .4 501.9 98.2 18.1 73.6 1.1 1.7 2.6 .2 1.5 801990 302.3 76.8 129.9 .4 509.3 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.2 2.1 2.7 .3 1.8 811991 302.5 73.0 137.1 .7 513.3 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.3 2.5 2.6 .3 1.9 841992 304.3 71.8 141.0 .7 517.9 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.4 2.5 2.9 .3 1.8 831993 305.0 69.9 146.9 .7 522.5 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 .3 1.8 851994 306.1 70.5 152.5 .7 529.8 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.7 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 861995 306.0 65.4 161.9 .3 533.7 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.8 3.0 3.0 .3 1.7 871996 308.1 71.3 161.4 .1 540.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.7 2.9 2.9 .3 1.7 841997 308.5 71.0 163.4 .2 543.1 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 .3 1.6 871998 310.9 65.0 167.1 .1 543.0 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.8 3.0 2.9 .3 1.7 871999 310.7 58.6 181.1 .2 550.7 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 .4 2.3 882000 310.2 60.7 204.7 .3 575.9 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.8 .4 2.4 882001 309.8 64.7 236.8 .3 611.6 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.2 .4 3.9 892002 311.0 58.6 296.6 .3 666.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.6 3.3 2.3 .4 4.4 902003 308.5 59.6 339.1 .3 707.6 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.1 .4 6.0 912004 308.8 58.0 355.2 .4 722.4 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.6 2.9 2.2 .4 6.5 902005 309.0 57.4 367.5 .3 734.3 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.6 3.0 2.3 .4 8.7 922006 309.2 56.8 372.0 .4 738.4 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.7 3.1 2.3 .4 11.3 952007 309.1 54.8 377.1 .5 741.5 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.7 3.5 2.2 .5 16.5 1022008 309.6 56.4 381.8 .2 748.1 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.8 3.6 R2.2 .5 24.7 1102009 R310.5 R55.7 R385.5 .2 R751.9 R101.0 R22.2 R78.2 1.9 R3.7 2.4 .6 R34.3 R1212010P 314.9 55.6 390.2 .2 761.0 101.0 22.5 78.2 1.9 3.8 2.4 .9 37.6 124

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Wood."11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million

kilowatts. 

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources 

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • The elecelectricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICbusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Tindustrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Ele"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-1984—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) e

Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, FGenerator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Form Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annua
274 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 198

 (Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind 

5 Waste 6

Electricity-Only Plants 9

1989 296.5 78.0 119.3 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.5 1990 299.9 76.6 121.8 .4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 .3 1.8 1995 301.3 64.7 145.3 .3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 1996 303.1 70.6 143.1 .1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.7 1997 303.6 70.2 144.7 .2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 .3 1.6 1998 305.9 64.2 147.5 .1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.7 1999 305.5 57.5 161.7 .2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 .4 2.3 2000 305.2 59.8 184.0 .1 549.0 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 .4 2.4 2001 305.2 63.8 215.5 .1 584.5 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.5 2.9 2.2 .4 3.9 2002 305.8 57.5 268.1 .1 631.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.4 2.9 2.3 .4 4.4 2003 303.0 58.6 304.2 .1 665.9 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.4 2.8 2.1 .4 6.0 2004 303.2 57.3 322.6 .1 683.2 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.5 2.6 2.2 .4 6.5 2005 303.4 56.9 335.8 (s) 696.2 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.4 2.6 2.3 .4 8.7 2006 303.4 55.8 341.9 .1 701.2 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.5 2.7 2.3 .4 11.3 2007 303.2 53.9 347.6 .1 704.9 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.5 3.1 2.2 .5 16.5 2008 303.7 55.5 R352.3 – R711.5 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.6 3.2 R2.2 .5 24.7 2009 R304.5 R54.8 R356.6 R (s) R716.0 R101.0 R22.2 R78.2 R1.7 R3.2 2.4 .6 R34.3 R2010P 309.0 54.7 361.2 (s) 724.9 101.0 22.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.4 .9 37.6 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 10

1989 1.5 0.2 6.1 – 7.7 – – – 0.2 0.2 – – – 1990 2.4 .2 8.1 – 10.7 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1995 4.8 .8 16.6 – 22.1 – – – .4 .2 – – – 1996 5.0 .7 18.4 – 24.0 – – – .3 .3 – – – 1997 4.9 .8 18.7 (s) 24.4 – – – .3 .4 – – – 1998 5.0 .8 19.6 – 25.5 – – – .4 .4 – – – 1999 5.2 1.1 19.4 – 25.7 – – – .4 .4 – – – 2000 5.0 .9 20.7 .3 26.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – 2001 4.6 1.0 21.2 .3 27.1 – – (s) .1 .4 – – – 2002 5.2 1.1 28.5 .2 34.9 – – – .1 .4 – – – 2003 5.5 1.1 34.9 .2 41.7 – – (s) .2 .5 – – – 2004 5.6 .7 32.6 .3 39.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2005 5.6 .5 31.7 .3 38.1 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2006 5.8 1.0 30.0 .3 37.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2007 5.9 .9 29.5 .3 36.6 – – – .2 .4 – – – 2008 5.9 .9 29.6 .2 36.6 – – – .2 .5 – – – 2009 5.9 .9 R28.9 .2 R35.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – 2010P 5.9 .9 29.1 .2 36.1 – – – .2 .5 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

10 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are included

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sou

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See Table CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Sof Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "GGlossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independ

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#elec

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (E

Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProdForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "A
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydro

electric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind T

5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 9

1989 0.3 0.2 0.6 – 1.0 – – (s) (s) 0.2 – – – 1990 .3 .2 .7 – 1.2 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – 1995 .3 .2 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 1996 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 1997 .3 .4 1.2 – 1.9 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 1998 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – 1999 .3 .4 1.1 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – 2000 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2001 .3 .3 1.9 – 2.5 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 2002 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2003 .3 .3 1.0 – 1.7 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2004 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2005 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2006 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2007 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2008 .4 .4 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – (s) – 2009 .4 R.3 1.1 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s) R.5 – (s) R (s) 2010P .4 .3 1.2 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s) .5 – (s) (s) 

Industrial Sector 10

1989 4.8 0.7 9.7 1.2 16.5 – – 0.5 4.1 0.2 – – – 1990 4.8 .9 10.3 1.3 17.3 – – .6 4.3 .2 – – – 1995 5.0 1.0 11.3 1.4 18.7 – – 1.1 4.9 .2 – – – 1996 5.0 .9 11.5 1.6 19.0 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 1997 4.8 1.1 11.9 1.3 19.2 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 1998 4.6 1.0 12.0 1.5 19.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 1999 4.4 1.1 12.9 1.7 20.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 2000 4.6 .8 13.7 2.0 21.2 – – 1.1 4.4 .2 – – – 2001 4.2 1.1 14.1 1.3 20.7 – – 1.0 4.2 .1 – – – 2002 4.0 .7 14.7 1.8 21.2 – – 1.0 4.3 .1 – – – 2003 4.1 .7 15.3 1.7 21.9 – – .8 4.3 .1 – – – 2004 3.8 .8 14.8 1.9 21.3 – – .6 4.5 .2 – – – 2005 4.0 .8 14.5 1.8 21.0 – – .7 4.5 .2 – – – 2006 3.3 1.0 15.3 1.8 21.4 – – .7 4.7 .2 – – – 2007 3.2 .9 14.7 1.9 20.6 – – .3 5.0 .2 – (s) – 2008 3.2 .7 14.6 1.8 20.3 – – .3 5.0 .1 – (s) – 2009 3.4 .7 14.7 R1.7 R20.5 – – .3 R5.0 .1 – (s) – 2010P 4.0 .7 14.7 1.8 21.2 – – .3 5.0 .1 – (s) – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sourc

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See Tables 8sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of E"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of sectioCapacity" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electr

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electr
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2010 Capacity Margin, 1996-2010U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2010 North American Electric Reliability Corporatio276 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Summer

Notes: • Values for 2010 are forecast. • Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more

peak loads on individual systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary forinformation on North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC).

Sources: • Data: Table 8.12. • Map: North American El

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

300600900

Gigawatts

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 

10152025303540

PercentWinter

44 46

36

46

143

184

31

109

64

46 42

60

178

201

43

137

TRE FRCC MRO NPCC RFC SERC SPP WECC

0

50

100150200250

Gigawatts

Summer Winter

(U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, Selected Years, 1986-2010

 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 1

North American Electric Reliability Corporation Regions 2

Contiguous

United

States

ASCC

(Alaska) Hawaii

ECAR 

3 TRE 4 FRCC MAAC 3 MAIN 3

MRO 5

(U.S.)

NPCC

(U.S.) RFC 6 SERC SPP

WECC 7

(U.S.)

Summer 9

1986 69,606 39,335 – – 37,564 35,943 21,029 39,026 – – 105,570 47,123 81,787 476,983 – – 1990 79,258 42,737 – – 42,613 40,740 24,994 44,116 – – 121,943 52,541 97,389 546,331 463 – 1991 81,224 41,870 – – 45,937 41,598 25,498 46,594 – – 124,716 51,885 92,096 551,418 471 – 1992 78,550 42,619 – – 43,658 38,819 22,638 43,658 – – 128,236 51,324 99,205 548,707 504 – 1993 80,930 44,255 – – 46,494 41,956 24,396 46,706 – – 135,704 57,106 97,809 575,356 511 – 1994 87,165 44,162 – – 46,019 42,562 27,000 47,581 – – 132,584 56,035 102,212 585,320 524 – 1995 92,619 46,618 – – 48,577 45,782 29,192 47,705 – – 146,569 59,595 103,592 620,249 622 – 1996 90,798 47,480 – – 44,302 46,402 28,253 45,094 – – 145,650 60,072 108,739 616,790 – – 1997 93,492 50,541 35,375 49,464 45,887 29,787 49,269 – – 137,382 36,479 110,001 637,677 – – 1998 93,784 54,666 38,730 48,445 47,509 30,722 49,566 – – 143,226 37,724 115,921 660,293 – – 1999 99,239 55,529 37,493 51,645 51,535 31,903 52,855 – – 149,685 38,609 113,629 682,122 – – 2000 92,033 57,606 37,194 49,477 52,552 28,605 50,057 – – 156,088 40,199 114,602 678,413 – – 2001 100,235 55,201 39,062 54,015 56,344 28,321 55,949 – – 149,293 40,273 109,119 687,812 – – 2002 102,996 56,248 40,696 55,569 56,396 29,119 56,012 – – 158,767 39,688 119,074 714,565 – – 2003 98,487 59,996 40,475 53,566 56,988 28,831 55,018 – – 153,110 40,367 122,537 709,375 – – 2004 95,300 58,531 42,383 52,049 53,439 29,351 52,549 – – 157,615 40,106 123,136 704,459 – – 2005 – – 60,210 46,396 – – – – 39,918 58,960 190,200 190,705 41,727 130,760 758,876 – – 2006 – – 62,339 45,751 – – – – 42,194 63,241 191,920 199,052 42,882 142,096 789,475 – – 2007 – – 62,188 46,676 – – – – 41,684 58,314 181,700 209,109 43,167 139,389 782,227 – – 2008 – – 62,174 44,836 – – – – 39,677 58,543 169,155 199,779 43,476 134,829 752,470 – – 2009 – – R63,518 R46,550 – – – – R37,963 R55,944 R161,241 R191,032 R41,465 R128,245 R725,958 – – 2010F – – 63,810 46,006 – – – – 42,240 60,215 177,688 201,350 43,395 137,385 772,089 – – 

Winter 10

1986 64,561 28,730 – – 32,807 28,036 18,850 37,976 – – 101,849 33,877 76,171 422,857 – – 1990 67,097 35,815 – – 36,551 32,461 21,113 40,545 – – 117,448 38,949 94,252 484,231 613 – 1991 71,181 35,448 – – 37,983 33,420 21,432 41,866 – – 119,575 38,759 86,097 485,761 622 – 1992 72,885 35,055 – – 37,915 31,289 21,866 41,125 – – 121,250 39,912 91,686 492,983 635 – 1993 81,846 35,407 – – 41,406 34,966 21,955 42,063 – – 133,635 41,644 88,811 521,733 632 – 1994 75,638 36,180 – – 40,653 33,999 23,033 42,547 – – 132,661 42,505 91,037 518,253 641 – 1995 83,465 36,965 – – 40,790 35,734 23,429 42,755 – – 142,032 44,624 94,890 544,684 676 – 1996 84,534 38,868 – – 40,468 37,162 24,251 41,208 – – 143,060 49,095 95,435 554,081 – – 1997 75,670 37,966 33,076 37,217 34,973 25,390 41,338 – – 122,649 27,437 94,158 529,874 – – 1998 84,401 41,876 39,975 36,532 37,410 26,080 44,199 – – 127,416 27,847 101,822 567,558 – – 1999 86,239 39,164 40,178 40,220 39,081 25,200 45,227 – – 128,563 27,963 99,080 570,915 – – 2000 84,546 44,641 38,606 43,256 41,943 24,536 43,852 – – 139,146 30,576 97,324 588,426 – – 2001 85,485 44,015 40,922 39,458 40,529 21,815 42,670 – – 135,182 29,614 96,622 576,312 – – 2002 87,300 45,414 45,635 46,551 42,412 23,645 46,009 – – 141,882 30,187 95,951 604,986 – – 2003 86,332 42,702 36,841 45,625 41,719 24,134 48,079 – – 137,972 28,450 102,020 593,874 – – 2004 91,800 44,010 44,839 45,905 42,929 24,526 48,176 – – 144,337 29,490 102,689 618,701 – – 2005 – – 48,141 42,657 – – – – 33,748 46,828 151,600 164,638 31,260 107,493 626,365 – – 2006 – – 50,402 42,526 – – – – 34,677 46,697 149,631 175,163 30,792 111,093 640,981 – – 2007 – – 50,408 41,701 – – – – 33,191 46,795 141,900 179,888 31,322 112,700 637,905 – – 2008 – – 47,806 45,275 – – – – 36,029 46,043 142,395 179,596 32,809 113,605 643,557 – – 2009 – – R56,191 R53,022 – – – – R35,351 R44,864 R143,827 R193,135 R32,863 R109,565 R668,818 – – 2010F – – 43,823 46,235 – – – – 35,722 46,374 143,040 183,614 31,415 108,850 639,073 – – 

1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur

at the same time interval.

2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Corporation (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S.

portion of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions.

3 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Utility members joined other reliability regional

councils. 4 TRE was renamed from ERCOT in 2007. 5 MRO was renamed from MAPP in 2004. 6 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) came into existence on January 1, 2006. Many of the former utilitymembers of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN joined RFC.

7 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002. 8 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than

estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or w

demand does not include estimated demand for direct control load manainterruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous United States on

9 The summer peak period is June through September.

10 The winter peak period is December through February of the following yea

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. – =No daWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity f

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power A

Tables 4.1-4.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Suppredecessor forms. 
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2009 Actual Peakload Reductions, 2009Energy Savings, 1989-2009 Electric Utility Costs, 1989-2009278 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 8.13.

12 14

16

17

23

25

30 30

25

27 26

23

25

23 23 24

26

27

30

32 32

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

10203040

Gigawatts

38

11,916

62

19,766

Total: 31,682 Megawatts (MW)

Energy Efficiency

19,766 MW

(62%)

Load Management

11,916 MW

(38%)

15

20

25

36

45

52

57

62

56

49 51 54 54 54 50 55

60

64

69

77 78

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

20406080

100

Billion Kilowatthours

0.9

1.2

1.8

2.3

2.7 2.7

2.4

1.9

1.6

1.4 1.4

1.6 1.6 

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 

0

1

2

34

Billion Dollars1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2009

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions 1

Energy Efficiency Energy Savings 

2 Load Management 3 Total

Megawatts Million Kilowatthours 

1989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 1990 NA NA 13,704 20,458 1991 NA NA 15,619 24,848 1992 7,890 9,314 17,204 35,563 1993 10,368 12,701 23,069 45,294 1994 11,662 13,340 25,001 52,483 1995 13,212 16,347 29,561 57,421 1996 14,243 15,650 29,893 61,842 1997 13,327 11,958 25,284 56,406 1998 13,591 13,640 27,231 49,167 1999 13,452 13,003 26,455 50,563 2000 12,873 10,027 22,901 53,701 2001 13,027 11,928 24,955 53,936 2002 13,420 9,516 22,936 54,075 2003 13,581 9,323 22,904 50,265 2004 14,272 9,260 23,532 54,710 2005 15,351 10,359 25,710 59,897 2006 15,959 11,281 27,240 63,817 2007 17,710 12,543 30,253 68,992 2008 R19,707 R12,028 R31,735 R76,674 2009 19,766 11,916 31,682 77,907 

1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility

demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actualpeak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actualand potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variableconditions.

2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use

devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overallelectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce thesame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples includehigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, andheat recovery systems.

3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"

and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interruptconsumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interruptingpower supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usuallyinvolves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance

with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at tim

of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In somaffected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) awith contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that loff-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating st

4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in 

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs ope

since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be aterminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Somprograms to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $maYork Energy Research and Development Authority and the "EfficPublic Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to theby the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electri

Electric Power Annual 2009 (January 2011), Tables 9.1, 9.6, and 9
Electricity

Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that

generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independentpower producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with agenerator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with agenerator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid and

included in data for the electric power sector.

Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the StandardIndustrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 areassigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector.Those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to indicate theprimary purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860.doc.Note 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Through the Annual Energy Review(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuelsand hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate toconvert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat ratefor geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to alltraded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectricpower and geothermal energy are no longer included in renewable energyconsumption data. They continue to be included in total U.S. energy consumption

as components of electricity net imports, with eneTables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 2000.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable e

forward.

Table 8.1 Sources: Net Generation, Electric PoGeneration, Commercial Sector: Table 8.2d. Sector: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Co"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with genmegawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Eleall other plants. • October 1977-1978—Federal E(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Reporcapacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form Generating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1979—Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capand EIA estimates for all other plants. • 1980-198

Information Administration (EIA) as the average period of 1974-1979. • 1989 forward—Table 8.2

Table 8.2a. Imports and Exports: • 1949-Septemdata. • October 1977-1980—Unpublished Econom(ERA) data. • 1981—U.S. Department of EnerEmergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy Mexico for Calendar Year 1981," April 1982 (revi1983—DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across In

1986—DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Acros

1987 and 1988—DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, "AElectrical Export/Import Data." • 1989—DOE, F"Annual Report of International Electrical Expoforward—National Energy Board of Canada, and DOery and Energy Reliability, Form OE-781R, “Mo

Exports Report,” and predecessor form. For 2001 foIndependent System Operator are used in combinvalues to estimate electricity trade with Mexico. T & for: Calculated as the sum of total net generation anand exports. End Use: Table 8.9.

280 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
9. Nuclear Energy
Figure 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units

Operable Units,1 1957-2010 Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-2

Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2010 Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1955-2010

282 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Units holding full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end

of the year.

Note: Data are at end of year.Sources: Tables 9.1 and 8.11a.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

-4

048

12

Million Kilowatts

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Number of Units

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

1

2

34

Number

Peak: 112 

Units in 1990

104 Units

In 2010

PermanentShutdowns

Total Units Ordered: 259

28

104

Operable

Units1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2010

Year

Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) 1 Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52) 1

Perma

Shutd

Construction

Permits

Issued 2,3

Low-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,4

Full-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,5

Early Site

Permits

Issued 3

Combined

License Applications

Received

Combined

Licenses

Issued 3

1955 1 0 0 – – – – – – 1956 3 0 0 – – – – – – 1957 1 1 1 – – – – – – 1958 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1959 3 1 1 – – – – – – 1960 7 1 1 – – – – – – 1961 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1962 1 7 6 – – – – – – 1963 1 3 2 – – – – – – 1964 3 2 3 – – – – – – 1965 1 0 0 – – – – – – 1966 5 1 2 – – – – – – 1967 14 3 3 – – – – – – 1968 23 0 0 – – – – – – 1969 7 4 4 – – – – – – 1970 10 4 3 – – – – – – 1971 4 5 2 – – – – – – 1972 8 6 6 – – – – – – 1973 14 12 15 – – – – – – 1974 23 14 15 – – – – – – 1975 9 3 2 – – – – – – 1976 9 7 7 – – – – – – 1977 15 4 4 – – – – – – 1978 13 3 4 – – – – – – 1979 2 0 0 – – – – – – 1980 0 5 2 – – – – – – 1981 0 3 4 – – – – – – 1982 0 6 4 – – – – – – 1983 0 3 3 – – – – – – 1984 0 7 6 – – – – – – 1985 0 7 9 – – – – – – 1986 0 7 5 – – – – – – 1987 0 6 8 – – – – – – 1988 0 1 2 – – – – – – 1989 0 3 4 – – – – – – 1990 0 1 2 – – – – – – 1991 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1992 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1993 0 1 1 – – – – – – 1994 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1995 0 1 0 – – – – – – 1996 0 0 1 – – – – – – 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 1999-2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 0 0 0 3 5 0 2008 0 0 0 0 11 0 2009 0 0 0 1 1 0 2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 177 132 132 4 17 0 2

1 Data in columns 1-3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR

Part 50. Data in columns 4-6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "PendingActions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.

2 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Under current licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operating

license. 3 Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses. 4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not to operate at full power. 5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note that

some units receive full-power licenses the same year they receive 

undergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation. 6 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or the end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumulativlicenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).

– – =Not applicable. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end oWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/Sources: See end of section.
Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2010 Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net GeneratiNet Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2010 Capacity Factor, 1973-2010284 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total

Nuclear

1960 1970 1980 1

05

10152025

Percent

4.120 

in

2010

0.807 in 2010

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0

20406080

100

Percent

101 

in

2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2010

Year

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units 1 C

Billion Kilowatthours Percent Million Kilowatts 

1957 (s) (s) 0.1 1958 .2 (s) .1 1959 .2 (s) .1 1960 .5 .1 .4 1961 1.7 .2 .4 1962 2.3 .3 .7 1963 3.2 .3 .8 1964 3.3 .3 .8 1965 3.7 .3 .8 1966 5.5 .5 1.7 1967 7.7 .6 2.7 1968 12.5 .9 2.7 1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 1974 114.0 6.1 31.9 1975 172.5 9.0 37.3 1976 191.1 9.4 43.8 1977 250.9 11.8 46.3 1978 276.4 12.5 50.8 1979 255.2 11.3 49.7 1980 251.1 11.0 51.8 1981 272.7 11.9 56.0 1982 282.8 12.6 60.0 1983 293.7 12.7 63.0 1984 327.6 13.5 69.7 1985 383.7 15.5 79.4 1986 414.0 16.6 85.2 1987 455.3 17.7 93.6 1988 527.0 19.5 94.7 1989 529.4 17.8 98.2 1990 576.9 19.0 99.6 1991 612.6 19.9 99.6 1992 618.8 20.1 99.0 1993 610.3 19.1 99.0 1994 640.4 19.7 99.1 1995 673.4 20.1 99.5 1996 674.7 19.6 100.8 1997 628.6 18.0 99.7 1998 673.7 18.6 97.1 1999 728.3 19.7 97.4 2000 753.9 19.8 97.9 2001 768.8 20.6 98.2 2002 780.1 20.2 98.7 2003 763.7 19.7 99.2 2004 788.5 19.9 99.6 2005 782.0 19.3 100.0 2006 787.2 19.4 100.3 2007 806.4 19.4 100.3 2008 806.2 19.6 100.8 2009 R798.9 20.2 R101.0 2010P 807.0 19.6 101.0 

1 At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. 2 See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.

Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share 

Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: • 1949-200Energy Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review (MER) (Factor: EIA, MER (April 2011), Table 8.1. Annual capacity factors arcapacity factors.
Figure 9.3 Uranium Overview

Production and Trade, 1949-2010 Production and Trade, 2010Inventories, End of Year 1981-2010 Average Prices, 1981-2010286 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Purchased

Imports

Purchased

Imports

Domestic

Purchases

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. 

Source: Table 9.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

255075

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Export Sales Domestic Concentrate Production

4

55

Domestic Purchased Import

0

204060

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Concentrate Production

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

50

100150200

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Total

1985 1990 1995 

0

1020304050

Dollars1 per Pound Uranium Oxide Electric Plants Domestic Suppliers
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Domestic

Concentrate

Production 1

Purchased

Imports 2

Export 2

Sales 

Electric Plant

Purchases From

Domestic Suppliers

Loaded Into

U.S. Nuclear

Reactors 3

Inventories 

Domestic Suppliers Electric Plants Total Purch

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide 

1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .92 5.5 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 5.56 7.6 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 35.28 36.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 20.88 8.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 25.81 .0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 1982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 1983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 1984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 1985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 1986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 1987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 1988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 1989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 1990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 1991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 1992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 1993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 1994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 1995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 1996 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 1997 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 1998 4.71 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 1999 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 2000 3.96 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 2001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 2002 2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 57.2 48.7 53.5 102.1 2003 5,E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 62.3 39.9 45.6 85.5 2004 2.28 66.1 13.2 28.2 50.1 37.5 57.7 95.2 2005 2.69 65.5 20.5 27.3 58.3 29.1 64.7 93.8 2006 4.11 64.8 18.7 27.9 51.7 29.1 77.5 106.6 2007 4.53 54.1 14.8 18.5 45.5 31.2 81.2 112.4 2008 3.90 57.1 17.2 20.4 51.3 R 27.0 R 83.0 R 110.0 2009 3.71 58.9 23.5 17.6 49.4 26.8 84.8 111.5 2010 4.23 55.3 23.1 16.2 P 44.3 P 25.7 P 86.5 P 112.3 

1 See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 2 Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy

Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were fortransactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small. 3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. 

Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.e

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.

Sources: • 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand 

Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. • Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. Annual Report," annual reports. • 2006 forward—EIA, "2010 Do2011), Table 3; EIA, "2010 Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (Mand EIA, Form EIA-858, "Uranium Marketing Annual Survey.
Nuclear Energy

Note 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units. Much of Table 9.1 isbased on the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following thepassage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and procedural reforms initiated in 1989by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.) 

The NRC did not issue any Early Site Permits (ESP) during 2010. Two new

ESP applications were received in 2010; one to Victoria County Station and the

other to PSEG Site.

As of December 31, 2010, the NRC has 14 Combined License (COL) applications under review for: Bell Bend (Pennsylvania); Bellefonte 3 and 4 (Alabama);

Calvert Cliffs 3 (Maryland); Comanche Peak 3 and 4 (Texas); Fermi 3 (Michigan); Levy County 1 and 2 (Florida); Nine Mile Point 3 (New York); NorthAnna 3 (Virginia); Shearon Harris 2 and 3 (North Carolina); South Texas 3 and4 (Texas); Turkey Point 6 and 7 (Florida); Virgil C. Summer 2 and 3 (SouthCarolina); Vogtle 3 and 4 (Georgia); and William States Lee III 1 and 2 (SouthCarolina). As of that date, the Turkey Point COL application (submitted in June2009) was the last such application received by the NRC. At the request of theapplicants, review has been suspended for Callaway 2 (Missouri), Grand Gulf 3(Mississippi), and River Bend 2 (Louisiana). The Victoria County 1 and 2 COLapplication was withdrawn following the announcement that the applicantintends to apply instead for an ESP with the reactor choice unspecified. In addition to the COL applications currently under review, Watts Bar 2 is currentlyunder construction. Watts Bar 2 was issued a construction permit in 1973, andthe U.S. Energy Information Administration projects that the unit will bebrought on line in 2013. This is the only reactor that is anticipated to apply forthe license separate of construction permit. TVA has also requested that Bellefonte 1 and 2, two partially completed units, be moved to ‘deferred plan’ status asthe Agency considers completing one or both.

As of December 31, 2010, 12 applications for license extensions were under

review by the NRC. The NRC granted 20-year license extensions in 2010 to: CooperNuclear Station on November 29 and Duane Arnold Energy Center on December 16.

For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.

Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the U.S. Energy Information Administration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fullydescribe the history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time framewas extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories wererevised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquirethe data for the revised categories, it was necessary to develop a reactor unitdatabase employing different sources than those used previously for Table 9.1 andstill used for Table 9.2. 

The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nucl

the units contributed power to the commercial electrhave been ordered over the lifetime of the nuclear iwere placed by electric utilities, several units were wholly or in part by the Federal Government, includ

Superheater Power Station), Elk River, ExperimentHanford N, Piqua, and Shippingport. 

A reactor is generally defined as operable in T

power license, or an equivalent, from the NRC oEnergy Commission, at the end of the year. The defnot exclude units retaining full-power licenses during  For example: 

• In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Autho

and 3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shut doutage. Browns Ferry 1 was authorized by while the other units restarted in 1991, 1995All five units were counted as operable duri

• Shippingport was shut down from 1974 thr

lightwater breeder reactor, but is counted as 1982.

• Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 

pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as 

Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three 

granted a full-power license in April 1989, but waand never restarted. In 1991, the license was cAlthough not operable at the end of the year, Shduring 1989 and shut down in 1990, because coudown in the same year would introduce a statisticamajor accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in retained its full-power license for several years, 

shut down since that year.

Table 9.1 Sources: Operable Units: • 1955-sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy (DOPrograms, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Milestones." • 1983 forward–U.S. Energy InformatioEIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," and Data: • 1955-1997–U.S. Atomic Energy Commis

Congress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; Nuclea

Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development (198Power 1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear RePlanned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commissi(1997 and 1998) and "Plant Status Report"; and contractor officials. • 1998 forward–NRC, Informatio

288 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
10. Renewable Energy
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2010 Renewable Energy Total Consumption and `

 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source

290 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 2 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products

from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

3 Conventional hydroelectric power.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.

– Wood 25%– Hydroelectric

Power3

31%

Natural Gas

25%

Petroleum

37%

8%

Coal

21%

9%

Nuclear Electric

Power

– Wind 11%

– Solar/PV 1%– Geothermal 3%– Waste1 6%

– Biofuels2 23%

 Renewable

Energy

Wood

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu

2.5

2.0

1.9

0.9

Hydroelectric Wood Biofuels2 Wind 

0

1

2

3

Quadrillion Btu

Power3 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Production 1 Consumption

Biomass Total

Renewable

Energy 4

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 6 Solar/PV 7 Wind 8

Biomass 

Biofuels 

2 Total 3 Wood 9 Waste 10 Biofuels 11 T

1949 NA 1,549 2,974 1,425 NA NA NA 1,549 NA NA 11950 NA 1,562 2,978 1,415 NA NA NA 1,562 NA NA 11955 NA 1,424 2,784 1,360 NA NA NA 1,424 NA NA 11960 NA 1,320 R2,928 1,608 R(s) NA NA 1,320 NA NA 11965 NA 1,335 R3,396 2,059 R2 NA NA 1,335 NA NA 11970 NA 1,431 R4,070 2,634 R6 NA NA 1,429 2 NA 11975 NA 1,499 R4,687 3,155 R34 NA NA 1,497 2 NA 11976 NA 1,713 R4,727 2,976 R38 NA NA 1,711 2 NA 11977 NA 1,838 R4,209 2,333 R37 NA NA 1,837 2 NA 11978 NA 2,038 R5,005 2,937 R31 NA NA 2,036 1 NA 21979 NA 2,152 R5,123 2,931 R40 NA NA 2,150 2 NA 21980 NA 2,476 R5,428 2,900 R53 NA NA 2,474 2 NA 21981 13 2,596 R5,414 2,758 R59 NA NA 2,496 88 13 21982 34 2,663 R5,980 3,266 R51 NA NA 2,510 119 34 21983 63 2,904 R6,496 3,527 R64 NA (s) 2,684 157 63 21984 77 2,971 R6,438 3,386 R81 (s) (s) 2,686 208 77 21985 93 3,016 R6,084 2,970 R97 (s) (s) 2,687 236 93 31986 107 2,932 R6,111 3,071 R108 (s) (s) 2,562 263 107 21987 123 2,875 R5,622 2,635 R112 (s) (s) 2,463 289 123 21988 124 3,016 R5,457 2,334 R106 (s) (s) 2,577 315 124 31989 125 3,159 R6,235 2,837 R162 55 22 2,680 354 125 31990 111 2,735 R6,041 3,046 R171 R59 29 2,216 408 111 21991 128 2,782 R6,069 3,016 R178 R62 31 2,214 440 128 21992 145 2,932 R5,821 2,617 R179 64 30 2,313 473 145 21993 169 2,908 R6,083 2,892 R186 66 31 2,260 479 169 21994 188 3,028 R5,988 2,683 R173 R68 36 2,324 515 188 31995 198 3,099 R6,558 3,205 R152 R69 33 2,370 531 200 31996 141 3,155 R7,012 3,590 R163 R70 33 2,437 577 143 31997 186 3,108 R7,018 3,640 R167 70 34 2,371 551 184 31998 202 2,929 R6,494 3,297 R168 R69 31 2,184 542 201 R21999 211 2,965 R6,517 3,268 R171 R68 46 2,214 540 209 22000 233 3,006 R6,104 2,811 R164 R65 57 2,262 511 236 32001 254 2,624 R5,164 2,242 R164 R64 70 2,006 364 253 22002 308 2,705 R5,734 2,689 R171 R63 105 1,995 402 303 22003 402 2,805 R5,982 2,825 R175 R62 115 2,002 401 404 22004 487 2,998 R6,070 2,690 R178 R63 142 2,121 389 R499 32005 564 3,104 R6,229 2,703 R181 R63 178 2,136 403 577 R32006 720 3,226 R6,608 2,869 R181 R68 264 2,109 397 771 R32007 978 3,489 R6,537 2,446 R186 R76 341 2,098 413 991 R32008 1,387 3,867 R7,205 2,511 R192 R89 546 2,044 436 1,372 32009 R1,583 R3,915 R7,603 R2,669 R200 R98 R721 R1,881 R452 R1,567 R32010P 1,870 4,310 8,064 2,509 212 109 924 1,986 454 1,855 4

1 Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels. 2 Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 3 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuel

ethanol and biodiesel.

4 Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

6 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6),

and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels

heat rate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.

8 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 9 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

10 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus loss

production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion BtNotes: • Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transpo

See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. • See Tables 8.2a-8.2net generation and useful thermal output from renewable energy sources; 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for renewable energy consumption for electricity goutput; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d for renewable energy electric net summ"Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section. • renewable energy consumption for 1635-1945. • Totals may not equal independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewa

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.

Sources: Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. All Other Data: Tables 10.2a
Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2010

Residential Sector Commercial1 Sector, Major SourcesIndustrial1 Sector, Major Sources Transportation Sector292 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricityonly plants. 2 Wood and wood-derived fuels.3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation. Includes

small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial, industrial,and electric power sectors. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

5 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, 

ucts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes nonwaste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 6 From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

7 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels (

used as diesel fuel substitutes, additives or extenders.

Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20

0

306090

Trillion Btu Wood2

Waste5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Solar/PV3 and Geothermal4

Wood2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

Waste5

Woo

Geothermal4

Biomass7

Losses and

Co-products6
Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sec

End-Use Sectors, 1949-2010End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2010 End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Secto

Shares of Total Renewable Energy Consu

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

1 Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants.

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c. Sources: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.

0.6

0.1

2.2

1.1

4.0

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Power

Sector End-Use Sectors

Residential

Commercial1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power

Sector

50%

End-Use

Sectors

50%

Industrial1
294 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 194

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1

Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3

Biomass

Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 6 Wind 7

 Biomass

Wood 

4 Wood 4 Waste 8 Fuel Ethanol 9 

1949 NA NA 1,055 1,055 NA NA NA NA 20 NA NA 1950 NA NA 1,006 1,006 NA NA NA NA 19 NA NA 1955 NA NA 775 775 NA NA NA NA 15 NA NA 1960 NA NA 627 627 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA 1965 NA NA 468 468 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA 1970 NA NA 401 401 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 1975 NA NA 425 425 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 1976 NA NA 482 482 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA 1977 NA NA 542 542 NA NA NA NA 10 NA NA 1978 NA NA 622 622 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA 1979 NA NA 728 728 NA NA NA NA 14 NA NA 1980 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA NA 21 NA NA 1981 NA NA 870 870 NA NA NA NA 21 NA (s) 1982 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1983 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1984 NA NA 980 980 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1985 NA NA 1,010 1,010 NA NA NA NA 24 NA (s) 1986 NA NA 920 920 NA NA NA NA 27 NA (s) 1987 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA NA 29 NA 1 1988 NA NA 910 910 NA NA NA NA 32 NA 1 1989 5 R52 920 R977 1 3 – – 76 22 1 1990 6 56 580 641 1 3 – – 66 28 (s) 1991 6 R57 610 R673 1 3 – – 68 26 (s) 1992 6 R59 640 706 1 3 – – 72 32 (s) 1993 7 R61 550 618 1 3 – – 76 33 (s) 1994 6 R63 520 R589 1 4 – – 72 35 (s) 1995 7 R64 520 591 1 5 – – 72 40 (s) 1996 7 65 540 612 1 5 – – 76 53 (s) 1997 8 R64 430 R502 1 6 – – 73 58 (s) 1998 8 R64 380 452 1 7 – – 64 54 (s) 1999 9 R63 390 R461 1 7 – – 67 54 (s) 2000 9 R60 420 R489 1 8 – – 71 47 (s) 2001 9 R59 370 R438 1 8 – – 67 25 (s) 2002 10 R57 380 R448 (s) 9 – – 69 26 (s) 2003 13 R57 400 R470 1 11 – – 71 29 1 2004 14 R57 410 R481 1 12 – – 70 34 1 2005 16 R58 430 R504 1 14 – – 70 34 1 2006 18 R63 390 R472 1 14 – – 65 36 1 2007 22 R70 430 R522 1 14 – – 69 31 2 2008 26 R80 450 R556 1 15 (s) – 73 34 2 2009 33 R89 430 R552 1 17 (s) (s) 72 R36 R3 2010P 37 97 420 554 1 19 (s) (s) 70 34 3 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end ofSection 8.

2 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu

using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PVenergy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.

4 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

6 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

7 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, sector.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=LNotes: • Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV, hy

waste. • See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net generation arenewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tableenergy electric net summer capacity. • Totals may not equal sum of comrounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewa

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector 1 Trans

Hydroelectric

Power 2

Geothermal 3 Solar/PV 4

Biomass

Total

Wood 5 Waste 6

Fuel

Ethanol 7

Losses and

Co-products 8 Total

Fuel

Ethanol 9 

1949 76 NA NA 468 NA NA NA 468 544 NA 1950 69 NA NA 532 NA NA NA 532 602 NA 1955 38 NA NA 631 NA NA NA 631 669 NA 1960 39 NA NA 680 NA NA NA 680 719 NA 1965 33 NA NA 855 NA NA NA 855 888 NA 1970 34 NA NA 1,019 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 NA 1975 32 NA NA 1,063 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 NA 1976 33 NA NA 1,220 NA NA NA 1,220 1,253 NA 1977 33 NA NA 1,281 NA NA NA 1,281 1,314 NA 1978 32 NA NA 1,400 NA NA NA 1,400 1,432 NA 1979 34 NA NA 1,405 NA NA NA 1,405 1,439 NA 1980 33 NA NA 1,600 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 NA 1981 33 NA NA 1,602 87 (s) 6 1,695 1,728 7 1982 33 NA NA 1,516 118 (s) 16 1,650 1,683 18 1983 33 NA NA 1,690 155 (s) 29 1,874 1,908 34 1984 33 NA NA 1,679 204 1 35 1,918 1,951 41 1985 33 NA NA 1,645 230 1 42 1,918 1,951 50 1986 33 NA NA 1,610 256 1 48 1,915 1,948 57 1987 33 NA NA 1,576 282 1 55 1,914 1,947 66 1988 33 NA NA 1,625 308 1 55 1,989 2,022 67 1989 28 2 – 1,584 200 1 56 1,841 1,871 68 1990 31 2 – 1,442 192 1 49 1,684 1,717 60 1991 30 2 – 1,410 185 1 56 1,652 1,684 70 1992 31 2 – 1,461 179 1 64 1,705 1,737 80 1993 30 2 – 1,484 181 1 74 1,741 1,773 94 1994 62 3 – 1,580 199 1 82 1,862 1,927 105 1995 55 3 – 1,652 195 2 86 1,934 1,992 R112 1996 61 3 – 1,683 224 1 61 1,969 2,033 81 1997 58 3 – 1,731 184 1 80 1,996 2,057 102 1998 55 3 – 1,603 180 1 86 1,872 1,929 113 1999 49 4 – 1,620 171 1 90 1,882 1,934 118 2000 42 4 – 1,636 145 1 99 1,881 1,928 135 2001 33 5 – 1,443 129 3 108 1,681 1,719 141 2002 39 5 – 1,396 146 3 130 1,676 1,720 168 2003 43 3 – 1,363 142 4 169 1,679 1,726 228 2004 33 4 – 1,476 132 6 203 1,817 1,853 286 2005 32 4 – 1,452 148 7 230 1,837 1,873 R327 2006 29 4 – 1,472 130 10 285 1,897 1,930 442 2007 16 5 – 1,413 144 10 377 1,944 1,964 557 2008 17 5 – 1,344 144 12 532 2,031 2,053 786 2009 18 4 – R1,198 R154 13 R617 R1,982 R2,005 R894 2010P 16 4 (s) 1,307 168 16 738 2,229 2,249 1,070 

1 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the industrial

sector. 8 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include natural

gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fu

are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the appropriat

9 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E

transportation sector.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)Notes: • Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric 

forward, and solar/PV. • See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electthermal output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5renewable energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal for renewable energy electric net summer capacity. • Totals may not eqindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renew

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2010Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2010 Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2010296 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.2 Wind electricity net generation.3 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid

waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

4 Geothermal electricity net generation.5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.6 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net genera

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-usSource: Table 10.2c.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Geothermal4

924

252

189

Wind3 

0

200400600800

1,000

Trillion Btu

Wood5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

200400600800

1,000

Trillion Btu

Waste3

Waste4

Hydroelectric Power1

Electric Power Sector Total

Wood5 

Wind2

Solar/PV6
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Hydroelectric

Power 1 Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3 Wind 4

Biomass

Wood 

5 Waste 6 Total

1949 1,349 NA NA NA 6 NA 6 1950 1,346 NA NA NA 5 NA 5 1955 1,322 NA NA NA 3 NA 3 1960 1,569 R(s) NA NA 2 NA 2 1965 2,026 R2 NA NA 3 NA 3 1970 2,600 R6 NA NA 1 2 4 1975 3,122 R34 NA NA (s) 2 2 1976 2,943 R38 NA NA 1 2 3 1977 2,301 R37 NA NA 3 2 5 1978 2,905 R31 NA NA 2 1 3 1979 2,897 R40 NA NA 3 2 5 1980 2,867 R53 NA NA 3 2 5 1981 2,725 R59 NA NA 3 1 4 1982 3,233 R51 NA NA 2 1 3 1983 3,494 R64 NA (s) 2 2 4 1984 3,353 R81 (s) (s) 5 4 9 1985 2,937 R97 (s) (s) 8 7 14 1986 3,038 R108 (s) (s) 5 7 12 1987 2,602 R112 (s) (s) 8 7 15 1988 2,302 R106 (s) (s) 10 8 17 19897 2,808 R152 3 22 100 132 232 1990 3,014 R161 4 29 129 188 317 1991 2,985 R167 5 31 126 229 354 1992 2,586 R167 4 30 140 262 402 1993 2,861 R173 5 31 150 265 415 1994 2,620 R160 5 36 152 282 434 1995 3,149 R138 5 33 125 296 422 1996 3,528 R148 5 33 138 300 438 1997 3,581 R150 5 34 137 309 446 1998 3,241 R151 5 31 137 308 444 1999 3,218 R152 5 46 138 315 453 2000 2,768 R144 5 57 134 318 453 2001 2,209 R142 6 70 126 211 337 2002 2,650 R147 6 105 150 230 380 2003 2,781 R148 5 115 167 230 397 2004 2,656 R148 6 142 165 223 388 2005 2,670 R147 6 178 185 221 406 2006 2,839 R145 5 264 182 231 412 2007 2,430 R145 6 341 186 237 423 2008 2,494 R146 9 546 177 258 435 2009 R2,650 R146 R9 R721 R180 R261 R441 2010P 2,492 153 13 924 189 252 440 

1 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

2 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 3 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels

heat rate—see Table A6).

4 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillNotes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and 

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell ethe public. • See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net gefrom renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal ourenewable energy electric net summer capacity. • See Note 3, "ElectriSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independe

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#re

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.

Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Overview, 2010 Stocks,3 1992-2010

Consumption,3 1981-2010 Fuel Ethanol and Biodi

298 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1,830

738

1,122

1 4

1,118

Feedstock1 Losses and Production3 Net Stock Consumption3

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Trillion Btu

Co-products2 Imports 3,4 Change3 1992 1995 1998 

05

101520

Million Barrels

13.2 Billion Gallons

in 2010

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0369

12

15

Billion Gallons

13.2

Fuel Ethano

0

2

468

10

12

14

Billion Gallons

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel

ethanol.

2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.

3 Includes denaturant.4 Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports a

Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2010

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses

and Coproducts 2 Dena- turant 3 Production 4

Trade 4

Stocks 4,6

Stock

Change 4,7 Consumptio

Imports Exports

Net

Imports 5

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Million

Gallons

1981 13 6 40 1,978 83 7 NA NA NA NA NA 1,978 83 1982 34 16 107 5,369 225 19 NA NA NA NA NA 5,369 225 1983 63 29 198 9,890 415 35 NA NA NA NA NA 9,890 415 1984 77 35 243 12,150 510 43 NA NA NA NA NA 12,150 510 1985 93 42 294 14,693 617 52 NA NA NA NA NA 14,693 617 1986 107 48 339 16,954 712 60 NA NA NA NA NA 16,954 712 1987 123 55 390 19,497 819 69 NA NA NA NA NA 19,497 819 1988 124 55 396 19,780 831 70 NA NA NA NA NA 19,780 831 1989 125 56 401 20,062 843 71 NA NA NA NA NA 20,062 843 1990 111 49 356 17,802 748 63 NA NA NA NA NA 17,802 748 1991 128 56 413 20,627 866 73 NA NA NA NA NA 20,627 866 1992 145 64 469 23,453 985 84 NA NA NA 1,791 NA 23,453 985 1993 169 74 550 27,484 1,154 98 244 NA 244 2,114 323 27,405 1,151 1994 188 82 614 30,689 1,289 109 279 NA 279 2,393 279 30,689 1,289 1995 198 86 647 32,325 1,358 115 387 NA 387 2,186 -207 32,919 1,383 1996 141 61 464 23,178 973 83 313 NA 313 2,065 -121 23,612 992 1997 186 80 613 30,674 1,288 109 85 NA 85 2,925 860 29,899 1,256 1998 202 86 669 33,453 1,405 119 66 NA 66 3,406 481 33,038 1,388 1999 211 90 698 34,881 1,465 124 87 NA 87 4,024 618 34,350 1,443 2000 233 99 773 38,627 1,622 138 116 NA 116 3,400 -624 39,367 1,653 2001 253 108 841 42,028 1,765 150 315 NA 315 4,298 898 41,445 1,741 2002 307 130 1,019 50,956 2,140 182 306 NA 306 6,200 1,902 49,360 2,073 2003 400 169 1,335 66,772 2,804 238 292 NA 292 5,978 -222 67,286 2,826 2004 484 203 1,621 81,058 3,404 289 3,542 NA 3,542 6,002 24 84,576 3,552 2005 552 230 1,859 92,961 3,904 331 3,234 NA 3,234 5,563 -439 96,634 4,059 2006 688 285 2,326 116,294 4,884 414 17,408 NA 17,408 8,760 3,197 130,505 5,481 2007 914 376 3,105 155,263 6,521 553 10,457 NA 10,457 10,535 1,775 163,945 6,886 2008 1,300 531 4,433 221,637 9,309 790 12,610 NA 12,610 14,226 3,691 230,556 9,683 2009 R1,517 R616 R5,688 R260,424 R10,938 R928 R4,720 – R4,720 R16,594 R2,368 R262,776 R11,037 2010P 1,830 738 6,464 315,018 13,231 1,122 243 – 243 17,940 91,229 314,032 13,189 

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel ethanol. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,

and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol—these are included in the industrialsector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source. 3 The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced. 4 Includes denaturant. 5 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 6 Stocks are at end of year. 7 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 8 Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus denaturant are used todevelop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables 10.1-10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.

9 Derived from the preliminary 2009 stocks value (16,711 thousand barrels), not the final 2009 value

(16,594 thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks." 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. Notes: • Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,

and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate heat content of fuel ethanol—see Table A3.

• Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates. For 1993-2008, only data for

feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates. Beginning in 2009, only data forfeedstock, and losses and co-products, are estimates. • See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and"Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due toindependent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_monthly/psm.html.Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and

then multiplied by the fuel ethanol feedstock factor—see Table A3. Losses and Co-products: Calculatedas fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production. Denaturant: • 1981-2008—Datain thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2 percent of fuelethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (theestimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant). 

• 2009 and 2010—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual

report, Table 1, and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports, Ta

for net production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (thpentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production of conventigasoline blending components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components. Productionproduction is assumed to equal fuel ethanol consumption—see • 1993-2004—Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus fuel ethanol snet imports. These data differ slightly from the original production data froOxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and the final balance. • 2005-2008—EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxPSM (February 2011), Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at plants. Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change: • 1992-2009—EIA, P• 2010—EIA, PSM (February 2011), Table 1. Consumption: • 1981Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982• 1990-1992—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 19value for 1991. • 1993-2004—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 1oxygenated finished motor gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel et• 2005-2008—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculatecomponents adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustmerefinery and blender net inputs (Table 15). • 2009—EIA, PSA, Table 1. Caand blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments. • 2010—EIA, PCalculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanMinus Denaturant: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption minus the ethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated bethanol produced by the fuel ethanol consumption-to-production ratio.
Figure 10.4 Biodiesel Overview 

Overview, 2010Consumption, 2001-2010300 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

40

1

40

3

13

1

Feedstock1 Losses and Production Imports Exports Stock 

0

2550

Trillion Btu

Co-Products Chang

2

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

0

100200300400

Million Gallons 

1 Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.

Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2010

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses and

Co-products 2 Production

Trade

Stocks 4

Stock

Change 5

Balancing

Item Imports Exports 6 

Net

Imports 3

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

T

2001 1 (s) 204 9 1 78 39 39 NA NA NA 2002 1 (s) 250 10 1 191 56 135 NA NA NA 2003 2 (s) 338 14 2 94 110 -16 NA NA NA 2004 4 (s) 666 28 4 97 124 -26 NA NA NA 2005 12 (s) 2,162 91 12 207 206 1 NA NA NA 2006 32 (s) 5,963 250 32 1,069 828 242 NA NA NA 2007 63 1 11,662 490 62 3,342 6,477 -3,135 NA NA NA 2008 88 1 16,145 678 87 7,502 16,128 -8,626 NA NA NA 2009 R65 1 R12,054 R506 R65 1,844 6,332 -4,489 R711 R711 R682 2010P 40 1 7,401 311 40 546 2,503 -1,958 662 7156 0 

1 Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and

other non-biomass energy used in the production of biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sectorconsumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.

3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 4 Stocks are at end of year. 5 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 6 Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data sources, "Balancing Item"

is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition. 7 Derived from the preliminary 2009 stocks value (506 thousand barrels), not the final 2009 value (711thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes: • Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and

are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content ofbiodiesel—see Table A3). • Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/biodiesel/biodiesel.pdf for related

information.

Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million

Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factor—see Table A3). Losses and Co-products: Calculated asbiodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production. Production: • 2001-2005—U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived fromquarterly data. • 2006—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:

Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil co

addition, EIA estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow gr(biodiesel). • 2007—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils • 2008 and 2009—EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, 2010), Table 11. • 2010—U.S. Department of Commerce, BureaProduction, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils Trade: U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports data for Harmoni"Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (for data throug"Biodiesel/Mixes" (for data beginning in July 2010); and exports "Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture." Although these biodiesel (such as those destined for soaps, cosmetics, and component. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiesestimates. Stocks and Stock Change: • 2009—EIA, Petroleum data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. • 2010—EIA, Pereports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel etha2010—Calculated as biodiesel consumption and biodiesel stock biodiesel net imports. Consumption: • 2001-2008—Calculated imports. • 2009—Calculated as the sum of the monthly consump2009 are from EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, refinery anexcept fuel ethanol. Data for March-December 2009 are calculanet imports minus biodiesel stock change. • 2010—Calculated imports minus biodiesel stock change.
Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Co

Vehicles in Use, 1995-2009 Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2009Fuel Consumption, 1995-2009 Fuel Consumption by Type, 2009302 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as

alternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Compressed natural gas.

4 Liquefied natural gas.

(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.Source: Table 10.5.

247 265 280 295 322

395 425

471

534 565 592

635

696

776

826

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Vehicles

504

147

114

57

Ethanol1 LPG2 CNG3 Electric

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Vehicles

LNG 

278

297

315 326 305 325

352

382

403

429 421 418 415 430 431

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

100200300400500

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons 200 130 71 26

CNG3 LPG2 Ethanol1 

0

50

100150200250

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2009

Year

Alternative and Replacement Fuels 1

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Compressed

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Natural

Gas

Methanol,

85 Percent

(M85) 3

Methanol,

Neat

(M100) 4

Ethanol,

85 Percent

(E85) 3,5

Ethanol,

95 Percent

(E95) 3

Electricity 6 Hydro- gen Other Fuels 7 Subtotal

Oxygenates 2

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 8 Ethanol in Gasohol 9 To

Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 11 (number)

1992 NA 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1,607 NA NA NA NA NA N1993 NA 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1,690 NA NA NA NA NA N1994 NA 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 2,224 NA NA NA NA NA N1995 172,806 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 2,860 0 0 246,855 NA NA N1996 175,585 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 3,280 0 0 265,006 NA NA N1997 175,679 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 4,453 0 0 280,205 NA NA N1998 177,183 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 5,243 0 0 295,030 NA NA N1999 178,610 91,267 1,681 18,964 198 24,604 14 6,964 0 0 322,302 NA NA N2000 181,994 100,750 2,090 10,426 0 87,570 4 11,830 0 0 394,664 NA NA N2001 185,053 111,851 2,576 7,827 0 100,303 0 17,847 0 0 425,457 NA NA N2002 187,680 120,839 2,708 5,873 0 120,951 0 33,047 0 0 471,098 NA NA N2003 190,369 114,406 2,640 0 0 179,090 0 47,485 9 0 533,999 NA NA N2004 182,864 118,532 2,717 0 0 211,800 0 49,536 43 0 565,492 NA NA N2005 173,795 117,699 2,748 0 0 246,363 0 51,398 119 3 592,125 NA NA N2006 164,846 116,131 2,798 0 0 297,099 0 53,526 159 3 634,562 NA NA N2007 158,254 114,391 2,781 0 0 364,384 0 55,730 223 3 695,766 NA NA N2008 151,049 113,973 3,101 0 0 450,327 0 56,901 313 3 775,667 NA NA N2009P 147,030 114,270 3,176 0 0 504,297 0 57,185 357 3 826,318 NA NA N

Fuel Consumption 12 (thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)

1992 NA 17,159 598 1,121 2,672 22 87 359 NA NA NA 1,175,964 719,408 1,8951993 NA 22,035 1,944 1,671 3,321 49 82 288 NA NA NA 2,070,897 779,958 2,8501994 NA 24,643 2,398 2,455 3,347 82 144 430 NA NA NA 2,020,455 868,113 2,8881995 233,178 35,865 2,821 2,122 2,255 195 1,021 663 0 0 278,121 2,693,407 934,615 3,6281996 239,648 47,861 3,320 1,862 364 712 2,770 773 0 0 297,310 2,751,955 677,537 3,4291997 238,845 66,495 3,798 1,630 364 1,314 1,166 1,010 0 0 314,621 3,106,745 852,514 3,9591998 241,881 73,859 5,463 1,271 471 1,772 61 1,202 0 0 325,980 2,905,781 912,858 3,8181999 210,247 81,211 5,959 1,126 469 4,019 64 1,524 0 0 304,618 3,405,390 975,255 4,3802000 213,012 88,478 7,423 614 0 12,388 13 3,058 0 0 324,986 3,298,803 1,114,313 4,4132001 216,319 106,584 9,122 461 0 15,007 0 4,066 0 0 351,558 3,354,949 1,173,323 4,5282002 223,600 123,081 9,593 354 0 18,250 0 7,274 0 0 382,152 3,122,859 1,450,721 4,5732003 224,697 133,222 13,503 0 0 26,376 0 5,141 2 0 402,941 2,368,400 1,919,572 4,2872004 211,883 158,903 20,888 0 0 31,581 0 5,269 8 0 428,532 1,877,300 2,414,167 4,2912005 188,171 166,878 22,409 0 0 38,074 0 5,219 25 2 420,778 1,654,500 2,756,663 4,4112006 173,130 172,011 23,474 0 0 44,041 0 5,104 41 2 417,803 435,000 3,729,168 4,1642007 152,360 178,565 24,594 0 0 54,091 0 5,037 66 2 414,715 0 4,694,304 4,6942008 147,784 189,358 25,554 0 0 62,464 0 5,050 117 2 430,329 0 6,442,781 6,4422009P 129,631 199,513 25,652 0 0 71,213 0 4,956 140 2 431,107 0 7,343,133 7,343

1 See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary. 2 See "Oxygenates" in Glossary. 3 Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 4 One hundred percent methanol. 5 Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarily

fleet-operated vechicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehiclemanufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2009, the U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable ofoperating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 10 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used astraditional gasoline-powered vehicles. 6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids. 7 May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternativefuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995. 8 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).

9 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.

10 "Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"

in Glossary.

11 "Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of each

calendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration vehicles 

end users. See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.

12 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common base unit 

allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivalent galldisplacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the gross heaby the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate heat contenmultiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value. See "He

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rouWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources: • 1992-1994—Science Applications International Corpora

Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final report prepare1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For a table of gross Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels: An Overview (June 1994"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003 Estimated Data" (Fand unpublished revisions. Data were revised by using gross instead forward—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels," annual unpublished revisions.
Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade

Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2009 Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2009 Price of Total ShipmenNumber of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-1984 Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, and 1986-2009304 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit. Special collectors–evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors–are included in the medium-temperature category.

3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 1

Notes: • Shipments are for domestic and export shipm

that subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign custfor 1985. 

Source: Table 10.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

06

12

1824

Million Square Feet

1990 19

0369

12

Dollars1 per Square Foot

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3456

Million Square Feet Imports

Medium-Temperature

Collectors2

Exports

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300

Number

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

300600900

1,2001,5001,800

Thousand Square Feet Low-Tem

Collec
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009

 (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Low-Temperature Collectors 1 Medium-Temperature Collectors 2 High-Temperature Collectors 3 Total Shipme

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

P

(do

squ

1974 6 1,137 190 NA 39 137 4 NA NA NA 1,274 1975 13 3,026 233 NA 118 717 6 NA NA NA 3,743 1976 19 3,876 204 NA 203 1,925 10 NA NA NA 5,801 1977 52 4,743 91 NA 297 5,569 19 NA NA NA 10,312 1978 69 5,872 85 NA 204 4,988 25 NA NA NA 10,860 1979 84 8,394 100 NA 257 5,856 23 NA NA NA 14,251 1980 79 12,233 155 NA 250 7,165 29 NA NA NA 19,398 1981 75 8,677 116 NA 263 11,456 44 NA NA NA 21,133 1982 61 7,476 123 NA 248 11,145 45 NA NA NA 18,621 1983 55 4,853 88 NA 179 11,975 67 NA NA NA 16,828 1984 48 4,479 93 NA 206 11,939 58 NA 773 NA 17,191 19856 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1986 22 3,751 171 2.30 87 1,111 13 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 1987 12 3,157 263 2.18 50 957 19 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 1988 8 3,326 416 2.24 45 732 16 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 1989 10 4,283 428 2.60 36 1,989 55 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 1990 12 3,645 304 2.90 41 2,527 62 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 1991 16 5,585 349 2.90 41 989 24 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 1992 16 6,187 387 2.50 34 897 26 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 1993 13 6,025 464 2.80 33 931 28 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 1994 16 6,823 426 2.54 31 803 26 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 1995 14 6,813 487 2.32 26 840 32 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 1996 14 6,821 487 2.67 19 785 41 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 1997 13 7,524 579 2.60 21 606 29 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 1998 12 7,292 607 2.83 19 443 23 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 1999 13 8,152 627 2.08 20 427 21 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 2000 11 7,948 723 2.09 16 400 25 W 5 W 8,354 2001 10 10,919 1,092 2.15 17 268 16 W 2 W 11,189 2002 13 11,126 856 1.97 17 535 31 W 2 W 11,663 2003 12 10,877 906 2.08 17 560 33 W 7 W 11,444 2004 9 13,608 1,512 1.80 17 506 30 19.30 – – – 14,114 2005 10 15,224 1,522 2.00 17 702 41 W 115 W 16,041 2006 11 15,546 1,413 1.95 35 1,346 38 W 3,852 W 20,744 2007 13 13,323 1,025 1.97 51 1,797 35 W 33 W 15,153 2008 11 14,015 1,274 1.89 62 2,560 41 R19.57 388 11.96 16,963 2009 13 10,511 809 1.94 73 2,307 32 27.32 980 25.32 13,798 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer, and the collectors areused by the electric power sector to build new central station solar thermal power plants and generateelectricity. Year-to-year fluctations depend on how much new capacity is brought online.

4 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and

warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

5 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Gl6 No data are available for 1985.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. – – =Not a

disclosure of proprietary company data. 

Notes: • Shipments data are for domestic and export shipm

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. • Matype of collector are accounted for in both groups.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewaSources: • 1974-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Activity, annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal predecessor forms. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy Annua"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and predeSolar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecessoEIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End-Use, and Ty

End Use Market Sector Type of CollectorEnd Use by Type of Collector306 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Combined space and water heating.2 Space heating, combined heating, and space cooling.3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.4 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit.

5 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 16 Water heating and combined heating.7 Space cooling, process heating, and electricity generation

(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.7.

8.9

2.0

0.6 0.4 1.0

Pool Water Process Electri- Other2

048

12

16

Million Square Feet 9.0

Low- 

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

 Power

10.2

1.0 0.6 0.4

Residen- Commer- Indus- Electric

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

Heating Temperature3 

city

Generation

Heating tial Heating cial trial

Heating Heating1

8.9

0.1 (s)

2.0

0.1 0.1 0.1 (s) 0.6 

Pool Space Other Water Combined Space Pool Other Process 

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

6

Heating Heating Heating Heating 

Low-Temperature Collectors3 Medium-Temperature Collectors4 High

7

Heating 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009

 (Thousand Square Feet)

Year

and Type

By Market Sector By End Use

Residential Commercial 

1 Industrial 2

Electric

Power 3 Other 4

Pool

Heating

Water

Heating

Space

Heating

Space

Cooling

Combined

Heating 5

Process

Heating

Total Shipments 6

2001 Total .... 10,125 1,012 17 1 35 10,797 274 70 0 12 34 

 Low 7 .......... 9,885 987 12 0 34 10,782 42 61 0 0 34  Medium 8 .... 240 24 5 0 1 16 232 9 0 12 0  High 9 .......... 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2002 Total .... 11,000 595 62 4 1 11,073 423 146 (s) 17 4 

 Low 7 .......... 10,519 524 2 0 0 11,045 1 0 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 481 69 60 4 1 28 422 146 (s) 15 4  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 

2003 Total .... 10,506 864 71 0 2 10,800 511 76 (s) 23 34 

 Low 7 .......... 9,993 813 71 0 0 10,778 0 65 0 0 34  Medium 8 .... 513 44 0 0 2 22 511 11 (s) 16 0  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 

2004 Total .... 12,864 1,178 70 0 3 13,634 452 13 0 16 0 

 Low 7 .......... 12,386 1,178 44 0 0 13,600 0 8 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 478 0 26 0 3 33 452 5 0 16 0  High 9 .......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2005 Total .... 14,681 1,160 31 114 56 15,041 640 228 2 16 0 

 Low 7 .......... 14,045 1,099 30 0 50 15,022 12 190 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 636 58 1 0 6 20 628 38 0 16 0  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 114 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 

2006 Total .... 15,123 1,626 42 3,845 107 15,362 1,136 330 3 66 0 

 Low 7 .......... 13,906 1,500 40 0 100 15,225 10 290 0 21 0  Medium 8 .... 1,217 120 2 0 7 137 1,126 40 3 38 0  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 

Domestic Shipments 6

2007 Total .... 12,799 931 46 1 – 12,076 1,393 189 13 73 27 

 Low 7 .......... 11,352 633 – 1 – 11,917 4 63 – – –  Medium 8 .... 1,447 298 18 – – 158 1,389 126 13 73 –  High 9 .......... – (s) 27 – – – (s) – – – 27 

2008 Total .... 13,000 1,294 128 294 – 11,973 1,978 186 18 148 50 

 Low 7 .......... 10,983 918 – – – 11,880 8 10 – 2 –  Medium 8 .... 2,017 376 33 6 – 93 1,971 176 18 141 21  High 9 .......... – – 95 289 – – – – – 5 29 

2009 Total .... 10,239 974 634 374 – 8,934 1,992 150 10 137 608 

 Low 7 .......... 8,423 526 11 – – 8,882 7 61 – 9 –  Medium 8 .... 1,816 439 29 – – 52 1,985 89 (s) 128 14  High 9 .......... – 10 594 374 – – – – 10 – 594 

1 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."

Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government. 2 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in

2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 3 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 4 Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excludingspace applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector. 5 Combined space and water heating. 6 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domesticshipments only. 7 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below110° F. 8 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature

range of 140° F to 180° F, but can also operate at temperatures as low a

included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube colleccollectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambienfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concespecialized industrial processes). 9 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that general180° F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by the electricity for the electric grid.

– =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rouWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources: • 2000-2002—U.S. Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Mforward—EIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predand Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey
Figure 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices

Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2009 Total Shipments, 1982-Trade, 1983-2009 Prices, 1989-2009308 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that

subsequently were shipped to domestic and foreign customers. 

Source: Table 10.8.

19 18 23 15 17 17 14 17 19 23 21 19 22 24 25 21 21 19 21 19 19 20 19 29

41

46

66

101

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

20406080

100120

Number

Imports

1985 1990 

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

M

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

200400600800

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

0

1

2

34567

Dollars1 per Peak Watt

Exports
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2009

Year

U.S. Companies

Reporting

Shipments

Shipments Trade 

Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Silicon Total 2 Imports Exports Mo

Number Peak Kilowatts 3 

1982 19 NA NA 6,897 NA NA 1983 18 NA NA 12,620 NA 1,903 1984 23 NA NA 9,912 NA 2,153 1985 15 5,461 303 5,769 285 1,670 1986 17 5,806 516 6,333 678 3,109 1987 17 5,613 1,230 6,850 921 3,821 1988 14 7,364 1,895 9,676 1,453 5,358 1989 17 10,747 1,628 12,825 826 7,363 1990 519 12,492 1,321 513,837 1,398 7,544 1991 23 14,205 723 14,939 2,059 8,905 1992 21 14,457 1,075 15,583 1,602 9,823 1993 19 20,146 782 20,951 1,767 14,814 1994 22 24,785 1,061 26,077 1,960 17,714 1995 24 29,740 1,266 31,059 1,337 19,871 1996 25 33,996 1,445 35,464 1,864 22,448 1997 21 44,314 1,886 46,354 1,853 33,793 1998 21 47,186 3,318 50,562 1,931 35,493 1999 19 73,461 3,269 76,787 4,784 55,585 2000 21 85,155 2,736 88,221 8,821 68,382 2001 19 84,651 12,541 97,666 10,204 61,356 2002 19 104,123 7,396 112,090 7,297 66,778 2003 20 97,940 10,966 109,357 9,731 60,693 2004 19 159,138 21,978 181,116 47,703 102,770 2005 29 172,965 53,826 226,916 90,981 92,451 2006 41 233,518 101,766 337,268 173,977 130,757 2007 46 310,330 202,519 517,684 238,018 237,209 2008 66 665,795 293,182 986,504 586,558 462,252 2009 101 984,161 266,547 1,282,560 743,414 681,427 

1 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and

warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,

thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications. 3 See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990.

NA=Not available. 

Note: Shipments data are for domestic and export ship

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renSources: • 1982-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Activity, annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewa• 2003 forward—EIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufactuannual reports.
Figure 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Us

By End UseBy Market Sector310 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Electricity for general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system.2 Electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Industrial sector only; independent power producers are in

Source: Table 10.9. 

585.2

8.1 3.5 1.8 1.0 0.9 0

Grid-Interactive Remote Electric Original Communications Transportation Water He

0

100200300400500600700

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Electric Generation Equipment

Manufacturers

Generation1 Pumping 

282.3

221.2

53.6 43.4

Commercial Residential Electric Power2 Industrial3 

0

50

100150200250300

Thousand Peak Kilowatts
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2009

 (Peak Kilowatts 1 )

Year

By Market Sector By End Use

Residential Com- mercial 3 Govern- ment Indus- trial 4 Trans- portation Electric Power 5 Other 6 Commun- ications Consumer Goods

Electricity Generation 2

Health

Original

Equipment

Manufacturers 7 Trans

portati

Grid- Interactive Remote 

Total Shipments 9

1989 1,439 3,850 1,077 3,993 1,130 785 551 2,590 2,788 1,251 2,620 5 1,595 1,191990 1,701 6,086 1,002 2,817 974 826 432 4,340 2,484 469 3,097 5 1,119 1,061991 3,624 3,345 815 3,947 1,555 1,275 377 3,538 3,312 856 3,594 61 1,315 1,521992 4,154 2,386 1,063 4,279 1,673 1,553 477 3,717 2,566 1,227 4,238 67 828 1,601993 5,237 4,115 1,325 5,352 2,564 1,503 856 3,846 946 1,096 5,761 674 2,023 4,231994 6,632 5,429 2,114 6,855 2,174 2,364 510 5,570 3,239 2,296 9,253 79 1,849 2,121995 6,272 8,100 2,000 7,198 2,383 3,759 1,347 5,154 1,025 4,585 8,233 776 3,188 4,201996 8,475 5,176 3,126 8,300 3,995 4,753 1,639 6,041 1,063 4,844 10,884 977 2,410 5,191997 10,993 8,111 3,909 11,748 3,574 5,651 2,367 7,383 347 8,273 8,630 1,303 5,245 6,701998 15,936 8,460 2,808 13,232 3,440 3,965 2,720 8,280 1,198 14,193 8,634 1,061 5,044 6,351999 19,817 17,283 3,107 24,972 4,341 5,876 1,392 12,147 2,292 24,782 10,829 1,466 12,400 8,482000 24,814 13,692 4,417 28,808 5,502 6,298 4,690 12,269 2,870 21,713 14,997 2,742 12,153 12,802001 33,262 15,710 5,728 28,063 8,486 5,846 571 14,743 4,059 27,226 21,447 3,203 6,268 12,632002 29,315 20,578 8,565 32,218 12,932 7,640 841 17,290 3,400 33,983 21,693 4,202 7,869 16,022003 23,389 32,604 5,538 27,951 11,089 8,474 313 14,185 2,995 42,485 15,025 2,924 11,334 14,142004 53,928 74,509 3,257 30,493 1,380 3,233 14,316 11,348 6,444 129,265 18,371 341 6,452 1,382005 75,040 89,459 28,683 22,199 1,621 143 9,772 8,666 5,787 168,474 24,958 0 11,677 2,152006 95,815 180,852 7,688 28,618 2,458 3,981 17,857 6,888 4,030 274,197 18,003 0 6,132 2,43

Domestic Shipments 9

2007 68,417 10140,434 10 ( ) 32,702 3,627 35,294 – – 2,836 589 253,101 10,867 410 4,802 4,012008 173,989 10253,852 10 ( ) 51,493 9,100 35,819 – – 2,622 312 500,854 15,527 217 2,659 912009 221,245 10282,273 10 ( ) 43,445 534 53,636 – – 1,817 290 585,189 8,119 381 3,455 96

1 See "Peak Killowatt" in Glossary. 2 Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity for

general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residentialsite or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation, but only for thespecific use cited.

3 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in

"Government." Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government. 4 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 

5 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in

"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 6 Through 2006, data are for shipments for specialty purposes such as research. 7 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic

technology into existing or newly developed product lines. 8 Through 2006, includes applications such as cooking food, d

9 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export ship

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Bshipments only.

10 Beginning in 2007, the government sector is included in "Com

– – =Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepenWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renSources: • 1989-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Activity, annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewa• 2003 forward—EIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufactuannual reports.
Renewable Energy

Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity netgeneration (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6); geothermalelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see TableA6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal andphotovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heatrate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenicsources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and losses andco-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and10.1, renewable energy production is assumed to equal consumption for all renewableenergy sources except biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to theproduction of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).Table 10.2a SourcesResidential Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Residential Sector, Solar/PV: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form EIA-63A, “Annual Solar Thermal Collector ManufacturersSurvey,” and Form EIA-63B, “Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell ManufacturersSurvey.”Residential Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,“Residential Energy Consumption Survey”; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA457 and regional heating degree-day data.Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: EIA, Annual Energy Review (AER),

Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Commercial Sector, Solar/PV: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Wind: 2009 and 2010: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA estimate based onthe 1983 value. • 1985–1988: Values interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER,Table 8.7c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-871, “Commercial BuildingsEnergy Consumption Survey.”Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c.

Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denatur5.13a, and 10.3. Calculated as commercial sector (Table 5.13a) divided by total motor gasoline produthen multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) coTable 10.2b SourcesIndustrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: • 1949–1Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review (AER)

forward: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Industrial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon InstituCenter.Industrial Sector, Solar/PV: 2010: EIA, AER, TabIndustrial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, E

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 a• 1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in Table 2. • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forwaEIA estimates based on Form EIA-846, “Manufacturing Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste: • 1981: EIConsumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumptiowaste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). • 1982 awaste consumption based on Estimates of U.S. Biofueminus electric power waste consumption (see AER, Tamates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, totatric power sector waste consumption (see AER, Table 1

interpolated. • 1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Cwaste consumption minus electric power sector waste 10.2c). • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forward: estimates based on information presented in GovernmenRecovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methan

Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denatura5.13b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector moto5.13b) divided by total motor gasoline product sumultiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumIndustrial Sector, Losses and Co-products: EIACalculated as fuel ethanol losses and co-products (Taand co-products (Table 10.4).Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Den5.11, 5.13c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation stion (Table 5.13c) divided by total motor gasoline and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturantTransportation Sector, Biodiesel: EIA, AER, Table 

312 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
11. Environment
Figure 11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

By Type of Gas, 2009 Based on Global Warming Potential, by Type oBased on Global Warming Potential, 1990-2009 Change 1990-2009, Based on Global Warming 314 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.2 Methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6.

(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.(ss)= Less than 0.5 percent.

- - = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summNotes: • HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbo

• Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for coglobal warming potential by type of gas. 

Source: Table 11.1.

PFCs

SF6

Total

5.45

0.03 (s) - -

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs

0

1

2

3456

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

5.45

0.73

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitro

0

1

2

3456

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Other2

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent +8 -5 (ss) 

Carbon Methane Nitrous 

-30 -150153045607590 -30

Percent

Carbon Dioxide1

Dioxide 

Oxide
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2009

Year

Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases, Based o

Carbon Dioxide 2,3

Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Carbon

Dioxide 2,3 Methane

Nit

Ox

Energy

Related 4

U.S.

Territories 5

Bunker

Fuels 6

Other

Sources 7 Total

Million Metric Tons of Gas Million Metric Tons Car

1990 R5,039 32 -114 85 R5,041 R30.8 R0.7 – – R5,041 R769 R1991 R4,996 36 -121 86 R4,997 R30.8 R.7 – – R4,997 R770 R1992 R5,093 36 -111 88 R5,106 R30.9 R.8 – – R5,106 R772 R1993 R5,185 38 R-101 94 R5,217 R29.8 R.8 – – R5,217 R744 R1994 R5,258 41 -99 97 R5,297 R29.8 R.8 – – R5,297 R745 R1995 R5,314 39 -102 102 R5,353 R29.3 R.8 – – R5,353 R733 R1996 R5,501 38 -103 104 R5,540 R28.9 R.8 – – R5,540 R722 R1997 R5,575 39 -111 104 R5,608 R28.3 R.8 – – R5,608 R706 R1998 R5,622 41 -116 96 R5,644 R27.5 R.7 – – R5,644 R688 R1999 R5,682 41 R-111 97 R5,709 R26.8 R.7 – – R5,709 R669 R2000 R5,867 43 R-107 98 R5,900 R26.5 R.7 – – R5,900 R663 R2001 R5,759 54 R-103 97 R5,808 R26.0 R.7 – – R5,808 R649 R2002 R5,809 53 R-93 98 R5,867 R26.0 R.7 – – R5,867 R651 R2003 R5,857 57 R-90 99 R5,923 R26.4 R.7 – – R5,923 R661 R2004 R5,975 61 R-106 102 R6,031 R26.5 R.7 – – R6,031 R662 R2005 R5,996 58 R-103 103 R6,055 R26.8 R.8 – – R6,055 R669 R2006 R5,918 R60 R-122 106 R5,962 R27.1 R.8 – – R5,962 R679 R2007 R6,022 R57 R-125 R105 R6,060 R27.6 R.8 – – R6,060 R691 R2008 R5,838 R50 R-126 104 R5,866 R29.0 R.7 – – R5,866 R724 R2009 5,425 47 -113 87 5,446 29.2 .7 – – 5,446 731 

1 Emissions of greenhouse gases are weighted based upon their relative global warming potential

(GWP), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one (see 100-year net global warming potentials athttp://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/pdf/tbl5.pdf). See "Global Warming Potential" inGlossary.

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

3 Excludes carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Note, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section.

4 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: fossil fuel combustion; the nonfuel use of fossil fuels; and electric

power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. Geographic coverage is the 50 Statesand the District of Columbia.

5 U.S. Territories’ energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Geographic coverage is American Samoa,

Guam, Puerto Rico, U.S. Pacific Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. According to the "UnitedNations Framework on Climate Change" (UNFCC), emissions from the U.S. Territories are included in theU.S. inventory.

6 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from bunker fuels (marine, aviation, and military). According to the

UNFCC, emissions from bunker fuels are excluded from the U.S. inventory.

7 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: cement manufacture; limestone consumption; flaring of natural

gas at the wellhead, and carbon dioxide scrubbed from na

consumption; carbon dioxide manufacture; aluminum manufacombustion in the commercial and industrial sectors.

R=Revised. – – =Not applicable because these gases cannot bNotes: • HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluoroc

• Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domsources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently rethe latest findings of the international scientific community. Revisiwell as to energy consumption data and updated emission factoequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/envSources: Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide: Table 11.2. To

Calculated as the sum of columns 1-4. Methane (column 6): Table 11.5. Total Greenhouse Gases: Calculated as the sum Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenh(March 2011), Tables 1, 15, and 16.
Figure 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

Total1 1949-2010 Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide EmissioBy Major Source, 1949-2010 By Biomass1 Source, 2010316 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

2010: 5.6

 Billion Metric

Tons

1990: 5.0

 Billion Metric

Tons

1 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions.

See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric 

plying by 12/44. 3 Based on chained (2005) dollars.

Sources: Tables 1.5, 11.2, and 11.3a-11.3e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2 

Gross Do

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Index 1949=100

0.186

0.074

Wood Fuel Ethanol 

0.000.050.100.150.20

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2 Coal Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2Petroleum
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-201

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal 3

Natural

Gas 4

Petroleum

Total 2,9

B

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 5

Jet

Fuel

Kerosene LPG 6 Lubri- cants Motor Gasoline 7 Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil Other 8 Total Wood 10 Waste 11 

E

1949 1,118 270 12 140 NA 42 13 7 329 8 244 25 820 2,207 145 NA 1950 1,152 313 14 168 NA 48 16 9 357 8 273 26 918 2,382 147 NA 1955 1,038 472 24 247 21 48 27 10 473 13 274 38 1,175 2,685 134 NA 1960 915 650 21 291 53 41 42 10 543 29 275 45 1,349 2,914 124 NA 1965 1,075 828 15 330 87 40 57 11 627 39 289 65 1,559 3,462 125 NA 1970 1,134 1,144 7 394 141 39 78 11 789 41 396 85 1,983 4,261 134 (s) 1975 1,181 1,047 5 443 146 24 82 11 911 48 443 97 2,209 4,437 140 (s) 1976 1,266 1,068 5 488 144 25 86 13 955 47 506 103 2,372 4,705 161 (s) 1977 1,300 1,046 5 520 152 26 85 13 979 52 553 115 2,500 4,846 172 (s) 1978 1,298 1,050 5 533 154 26 83 14 1,011 50 544 127 2,548 4,896 191 (s) 1979 1,410 1,085 5 514 157 28 95 15 960 48 509 139 2,469 4,964 202 (s) 1980 1,436 1,063 4 446 156 24 87 13 900 46 453 142 2,272 4,770 232 (s) 1981 1,485 1,036 4 439 147 19 85 13 899 48 376 93 2,122 4,642 234 5 1982 1,433 963 3 415 148 19 85 11 892 49 309 80 2,011 4,406 235 7 1983 1,488 901 3 418 153 19 85 12 904 48 255 98 1,995 4,383 252 10 1984 1,598 962 3 443 172 17 88 13 914 51 247 106 2,053 4,613 252 13 1985 1,638 926 3 445 178 17 86 12 930 55 216 93 2,035 4,600 252 14 1986 1,617 866 4 453 191 15 83 12 958 56 255 98 2,125 4,608 240 16 1987 1,691 920 3 463 202 14 82 13 982 60 227 106 2,152 4,764 231 18 1988 1,775 962 3 487 212 14 83 13 1,003 63 249 119 2,246 4,982 242 19 1989 1,795 1,022 3 491 218 13 82 13 1,000 62 246 118 2,246 5,067 251 22 1990 R1,821 1,025 3 470 223 6 69 13 988 67 220 127 R2,187 R5,039 208 24 1991 R1,807 1,047 3 454 215 7 71 12 982 66 207 117 R2,134 R4,996 208 26 1992 R1,822 1,082 3 464 213 6 77 12 999 74 196 135 R2,180 R5,093 217 27 1993 R1,882 1,110 3 473 215 7 76 12 1,015 76 193 114 2,184 R5,185 212 28 1994 R1,893 1,134 3 492 224 7 79 13 1,022 74 183 124 R2,221 R5,258 218 29 1995 R1,913 1,184 3 498 222 8 78 13 1,044 75 152 114 R2,207 R5,314 222 30 1996 R1,995 1,205 3 524 232 9 84 12 1,063 78 152 132 2,290 R5,501 229 32 1997 R2,040 1,211 3 534 234 10 85 13 1,075 79 142 138 2,313 R5,575 222 30 1998 R2,064 1,189 2 538 238 12 75 14 1,107 89 158 125 R2,358 R5,622 205 30 1999 R2,062 1,192 3 555 245 11 91 14 1,127 93 148 130 2,417 R5,682 208 29 2000 R2,155 1,241 3 580 254 10 102 14 1,135 84 163 117 2,461 R5,867 212 27 2001 R2,088 1,187 2 598 243 11 92 13 1,151 88 145 132 2,473 R5,759 188 33 2002 R2,095 1,229 2 587 237 6 98 12 1,183 94 125 127 R2,472 R5,809 187 36 2003 R2,136 1,191 2 610 231 8 95 11 1,188 94 138 140 R2,518 R5,857 188 36 2004 R2,160 1,194 2 632 240 10 98 12 1,214 105 155 142 R2,609 R5,975 199 35 2005 R2,182 1,175 2 640 246 10 94 12 1,214 105 164 141 R2,628 R5,996 200 37 2006 R2,147 1,157 2 648 240 8 93 11 1,224 104 122 150 R2,603 R5,918 198 36 2007 R2,172 1,235 2 652 238 5 94 12 1,227 98 129 148 R2,603 R6,022 197 37 2008 R2,139 R1,243 2 615 226 2 89 11 1,166 92 111 130 R2,444 R5,838 192 40 2009 R1,876 R1,218 2 564 204 3 91 10 1,157 87 91 111 R2,320 R5,425 176 41 2010P 1,985 1,285 2 589 209 3 92 11 1,150 77 98 121 2,351 5,633 186 41 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection. 

3 Includes coal coke net imports. 4 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 6 Liquefied petroleum gases. 7 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 8 Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneouspetroleum products.

9 Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. See Table 11.3e.

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels.11 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge wa

other biomass.

12 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million 

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from ene

nonfuel use of fossil fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#enviro

1949. • For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthinformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EI

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b-2.1f, 5.12, 7.3, 7.8, 10.2a-10.2c, aMonthly Energy Review (April 2011), Tables 12.1 and 12.7.
Figure 11.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-

Residential, by Major Source Commercial, by Major SourceIndustrial, by Major Source Transportation, by Major Source318 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are allocated to the enduse sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9

and 11.3e).

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric 

plying by 12/44. 3 Includes coal coke net imports.

Source: Tables 11.3a-11.3e.

Ret

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

250500750

1,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

250500750

1,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2 

Retail Electricity1 Natural Gas Petroleum

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

250500750

1,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

N

Retail Electricity1

Natural Gas

Coal3

Petroleum
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.3a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Ye

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 5 Total 2

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4 Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Total 

1949 121 55 51 21 7 80 66 R321 1950 120 66 61 25 9 R95 69 R350 1955 83 117 87 27 13 R127 110 R436 1960 56 170 115 26 19 R160 156 R542 1965 34 214 125 24 24 R174 223 R644 1970 20 265 137 22 35 R194 355 R833 1975 6 266 132 12 32 R176 419 R867 1976 6 273 145 13 34 R192 442 R913 1977 5 261 146 12 33 R191 478 R935 1978 5 264 143 11 32 R186 484 R938 1979 4 268 119 10 21 R150 496 R918 1980 3 256 96 8 20 R124 529 911 1981 3 245 84 6 19 R109 522 R878 1982 3 250 77 7 18 R102 518 R873 1983 3 238 68 6 22 R95 531 R867 1984 4 247 80 12 18 R109 542 R902 1985 4 241 80 11 20 R111 553 R909 1986 4 234 81 9 19 R109 558 R905 1987 4 234 85 9 22 R115 581 R934 1988 4 251 87 10 22 R119 609 R982 1989 3 260 85 8 24 117 625 R1,005 1990 3 238 72 5 22 R98 R624 R963 1991 2 248 68 5 24 R97 R633 R980 1992 2 255 72 5 23 R100 R624 R981 1993 2 269 71 5 25 R101 R667 R1,040 1994 2 263 70 5 24 R99 R668 R1,032 1995 2 263 66 5 25 R96 R678 R1,039 1996 2 284 68 6 30 R104 R710 R1,099 1997 2 270 64 7 29 R99 R719 R1,090 1998 1 247 56 8 27 R91 R759 R1,097 1999 1 257 61 8 33 R102 R762 R1,122 2000 1 271 66 7 35 R108 R805 R1,185 2001 1 259 66 7 33 R106 R805 R1,172 2002 1 266 63 4 34 R101 R835 R1,204 2003 1 276 66 5 34 R106 R847 R1,230 2004 1 264 68 6 32 R106 R856 R1,228 2005 1 262 62 6 32 R101 R897 R1,261 2006 1 237 52 5 28 R85 R869 R1,192 2007 1 257 53 3 31 R87 R897 R1,242 2008 1 R266 49 2 35 R85 R878 R1,229 2009 1 259 44 2 35 R81 R819 1,159 2010P 1 269 46 2 35 84 878 1,231 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.

6 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from e

Dioxide" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#

1949. • For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/minformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.3e. • Review (April 2011), Tables 12.2 and 12.7.
320 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 11.3b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 7 Total 2

Bio

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4 Kerosene LPG 5

Motor

Gasoline 6

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total Wood 8 Waste 9

1949 148 19 16 3 2 7 NA 28 55 58 280 2 NA 1950 147 21 19 3 2 7 NA 33 R66 63 R297 2 NA 1955 76 35 28 4 3 9 NA 38 R82 88 R281 1 NA 1960 39 56 36 3 5 5 NA 44 R93 124 R312 1 NA 1965 25 79 39 4 6 5 NA 51 R106 177 R387 1 NA 1970 16 131 43 4 9 6 NA 56 R119 268 R534 1 NA 1975 14 136 43 4 8 6 NA 39 R100 333 583 1 NA 1976 14 144 48 3 9 7 NA 45 111 358 627 1 NA 1977 14 135 49 4 9 7 NA 46 115 380 645 1 NA 1978 16 140 49 4 8 8 NA 42 110 381 R648 1 NA 1979 14 150 43 6 6 7 NA 40 R102 395 661 1 NA 1980 11 141 38 3 6 8 NA 44 98 412 662 2 NA 1981 13 136 33 5 5 7 NA 33 83 431 R663 2 NA 1982 15 141 32 2 5 6 NA 31 77 432 R665 2 NA 1983 15 132 48 8 6 7 NA 16 85 439 671 2 NA 1984 16 137 54 3 5 8 NA 21 90 461 704 2 NA 1985 13 132 46 2 6 7 NA 18 79 480 704 2 NA 1986 13 126 46 4 6 8 NA 23 85 487 R711 3 NA 1987 12 132 44 4 6 8 NA 21 83 509 R736 3 NA 1988 12 145 44 2 6 8 NA 21 R81 534 772 3 NA 1989 11 148 42 2 7 7 0 18 76 559 794 7 1 1990 12 142 39 1 6 8 0 18 R73 R566 R793 6 2 1991 11 148 38 1 7 6 0 17 68 R567 R794 6 2 1992 11 152 37 1 7 6 (s) 15 65 R567 R796 7 2 1993 11 155 36 1 7 2 (s) 14 R60 R593 R819 7 2 1994 11 157 37 1 7 2 (s) 14 60 R605 R833 7 2 1995 11 164 35 2 7 1 (s) 11 56 R620 R851 7 2 1996 12 171 35 2 8 2 (s) 11 57 R643 R883 7 3 1997 12 174 32 2 8 3 (s) 9 R54 R686 R926 7 3 1998 9 164 31 2 7 3 (s) 7 R51 R724 R947 6 3 1999 10 165 32 2 9 2 (s) 6 R51 R735 R960 6 3 2000 9 173 36 2 9 3 (s) 7 R58 R783 R1,022 7 2 2001 9 164 37 2 9 3 (s) 6 R57 R797 R1,027 6 2 2002 9 171 32 1 9 3 (s) 6 R52 R795 R1,027 6 2 2003 8 173 35 1 10 4 (s) 9 59 R796 R1,036 7 3 2004 10 170 34 1 10 3 (s) 10 58 R816 R1,054 7 3 2005 9 163 33 2 8 3 (s) 9 R55 R842 R1,069 7 3 2006 6 154 29 1 8 3 (s) 6 R48 R836 R1,043 6 3 2007 7 164 28 1 8 4 (s) 6 R47 R861 R1,079 7 3 2008 7 R171 27 (s) 10 3 (s) 6 46 R850 R1,074 7 3 2009 6 169 30 (s) 9 4 (s) 6 R49 R785 R1,008 7 3 2010P 5 174 32 (s) 9 4 (s) 7 51 805 1,035 7 3 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 7 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste

other biomass.

10 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million m

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy c

Dioxide" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environm

1949. • For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1c, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.3e. • 1973 fReview (MER) (April 2011), Tables 12.3 and 12.7, and MER data system calc
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.3c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Coal

Coke

Net

Imports

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 8 Total 2

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Kerosene LPG 5 Lubri- cants Motor Gasoline 6 Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil Other 7 Total Wood 9 Was

1949 500 -1 166 41 18 3 3 16 8 95 25 209 120 R995 44 1950 531 (s) 184 51 20 4 3 18 8 110 26 239 140 R1,095 50 1955 516 -1 244 72 17 10 4 24 13 122 38 299 222 R1,281 59 1960 418 -1 310 74 12 17 4 27 29 123 45 R329 252 R1,308 64 1965 471 -2 380 83 12 24 5 24 39 123 65 R376 328 R1,553 80 1970 427 -7 494 89 13 31 6 21 39 126 85 R410 434 R1,759 96 1975 336 2 442 97 9 39 6 16 48 117 97 R427 490 R1,696 100 1976 335 (s) 453 111 9 41 6 15 47 141 103 R474 549 R1,811 114 1977 316 2 447 125 10 40 7 14 52 150 115 R513 582 R1,860 120 1978 304 14 442 127 11 40 7 13 48 133 127 R506 580 R1,846 131 1979 329 7 442 128 13 66 8 11 47 128 139 R540 612 R1,931 132 1980 289 -4 431 96 13 61 7 11 45 105 142 R480 601 R1,797 150 1981 290 -2 422 101 8 58 6 11 47 83 93 R408 597 R1,715 150 1982 235 -2 364 95 10 60 6 10 48 81 80 R390 529 R1,515 142 1983 230 -2 347 83 5 55 6 8 48 61 98 R362 549 R1,486 159 1984 262 -1 380 87 3 62 7 11 50 68 106 R394 582 R1,617 157 1985 256 -2 360 81 3 58 6 15 54 57 93 R369 583 R1,566 154 1986 245 -2 338 84 2 56 6 15 55 57 98 R373 566 R1,520 151 1987 248 1 371 83 2 53 7 15 59 45 106 R369 587 R1,575 148 1988 263 5 389 82 2 54 7 14 61 42 119 R381 611 R1,648 152 1989 259 3 411 83 2 49 7 14 60 31 118 R365 638 R1,677 149 1990 258 1 432 84 1 39 7 13 64 31 127 R366 R638 R1,695 135 1991 244 1 439 79 1 39 6 14 63 24 117 R342 R627 R1,653 132 1992 235 4 456 81 1 45 6 14 70 28 135 R380 R649 R1,724 137 1993 233 3 464 81 1 43 6 13 68 33 114 R360 R655 R1,715 139 1994 235 7 465 81 1 46 7 14 67 31 124 R371 R668 R1,745 148 1995 233 7 490 82 1 45 7 14 67 24 114 R355 R659 R1,743 155 1996 227 3 506 86 1 46 6 14 70 24 132 R381 R678 R1,795 158 1997 224 5 506 88 1 48 7 15 68 21 138 R386 R694 R1,815 162 1998 219 8 495 88 2 39 7 14 77 16 125 R368 R706 R1,796 150 1999 208 7 474 86 1 48 7 11 81 14 130 R378 R704 R1,772 152 2000 211 7 481 87 1 56 7 11 74 17 117 R370 R719 R1,788 153 2001 204 3 439 95 2 49 6 21 77 14 132 R395 R667 R1,709 135 2002 188 7 449 88 1 54 6 22 76 13 127 R388 R654 R1,686 131 2003 190 6 430 83 2 50 6 23 76 15 140 R394 R672 R1,692 128 2004 191 16 R431 88 2 55 6 26 82 17 142 R419 R675 R1,731 138 2005 183 5 398 92 3 51 6 25 80 20 141 R417 R673 R1,675 136 2006 179 7 394 92 2 56 6 26 82 16 150 R430 R650 R1,661 138 2007 175 3 R406 92 1 54 6 21 80 13 148 R415 R662 R1,662 133 2008 168 5 407 93 (s) 42 6 17 76 14 130 R377 R642 R1,598 126 2009 131 -3 383 80 (s) 46 5 17 73 7 111 339 R551 R1,401 112 2010P 151 -1 408 84 (s) 46 6 16 62 8 121 343 583 1,485 123 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 7 Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneouspetroleum products.

8 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.

9 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

10 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste

other biomass.

11 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 and g

tons of carbon dioxide. 

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energ

nonfuel use of fossil fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • Tcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environm

1949. • For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1d, 5.14b, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.3e. • 1973 fReview (MER) (April 2011), Tables 12.4 and 12.7, and MER data system calc
322 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 11.3d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Ye

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 7 Total 2

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Jet

Fuel LPG 5 Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 6

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Fuel

Ethanol 8 

1949 161 NA 12 30 NA (s) 4 306 91 443 6 611 NA 1950 146 7 14 35 NA (s) 5 332 95 481 6 640 NA 1955 39 13 24 58 21 1 6 439 80 R629 5 687 NA 1960 7 19 21 65 53 1 6 511 66 723 2 R751 NA 1965 1 27 15 80 87 2 6 597 61 847 2 878 NA 1970 1 40 7 115 141 3 5 763 60 1,093 2 1,136 NA 1975 (s) 32 5 155 145 3 6 889 56 1,258 2 R1,292 NA 1976 (s) 30 5 167 143 3 6 933 65 1,322 2 1,354 NA 1977 (s) 29 5 182 149 3 6 958 72 1,375 2 1,406 NA 1978 9 ( ) 29 5 196 153 3 7 991 78 1,433 2 R1,464 NA 1979 9 ( ) 32 5 213 156 1 7 941 97 R1,420 2 1,454 NA 1980 9 ( ) 34 4 204 155 1 6 881 110 1,363 2 1,400 NA 1981 9 ( ) 35 4 212 147 2 6 881 96 1,348 2 1,385 (s) 1982 9 ( ) 32 3 204 148 2 6 876 80 1,319 2 1,354 1 1983 9 ( ) 27 3 213 153 3 6 888 65 1,330 3 1,359 2 1984 9 ( ) 29 3 216 172 3 6 895 64 1,358 3 1,390 3 1985 9 ( ) 28 3 232 178 2 6 908 62 1,391 3 1,421 3 1986 9 ( ) 26 4 235 191 2 6 936 69 R1,443 3 1,472 4 1987 9 ( ) 28 3 244 202 1 6 959 71 1,487 3 1,519 5 1988 9 ( ) 34 3 265 212 1 6 981 72 1,542 3 1,579 5 1989 9 ( ) 34 3 270 218 1 6 979 77 R1,554 3 1,591 5 1990 9 ( ) 36 3 268 223 1 7 967 80 1,548 3 R1,588 4 1991 9 ( ) 33 3 263 215 1 6 962 81 R1,532 3 R1,568 5 1992 9 ( ) 32 3 269 213 1 6 979 84 R1,556 3 R1,592 5 1993 9 ( ) 34 3 278 215 1 6 1,000 71 R1,574 3 1,611 6 1994 9 ( ) 38 3 295 224 2 6 1,007 70 R1,607 3 R1,647 7 1995 9 ( ) 38 3 307 222 1 6 1,029 72 R1,639 3 R1,681 8 1996 9 ( ) 39 3 327 232 1 6 1,047 67 1,683 3 1,725 6 1997 9 ( ) 41 3 342 234 1 6 1,057 56 1,699 3 1,744 7 1998 9 ( ) 35 2 352 238 1 7 1,090 53 R1,743 3 R1,782 8 1999 9 ( ) 36 3 366 245 1 7 1,115 52 1,789 3 1,828 8 2000 9 ( ) 36 3 378 254 1 7 1,121 70 1,833 4 R1,872 9 2001 9 ( ) 35 2 387 243 1 6 1,127 46 1,813 4 R1,852 10 2002 9 ( ) 37 2 394 237 1 6 1,158 53 R1,851 4 R1,892 11 2003 9 ( ) 33 2 414 231 1 6 1,161 45 R1,861 R5 R1,899 16 2004 9 ( ) 32 2 434 240 1 6 1,185 58 R1,926 5 R1,962 20 2005 9 ( ) 33 2 444 246 2 6 1,186 66 R1,953 5 R1,991 22 2006 9 ( ) 33 2 469 240 2 5 1,194 71 R1,984 5 R2,022 30 2007 9 ( ) 35 2 472 238 1 6 1,201 78 R1,999 5 R2,040 38 2008 9 ( ) 37 2 440 226 3 5 1,146 72 R1,895 5 R1,937 54 2009 9 ( ) R34 2 404 204 2 5 1,137 64 R1,818 5 R1,857 61 2010P 9 ( ) 36 2 421 209 2 5 1,130 71 1,840 5 1,881 73 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 7 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.

8 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

9 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportat

sector consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million m

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energ

nonfuel use of fossil fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • Tcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environm

1949. • For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1e, 5.14c, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.3e. • 1973 fReview (MER) (April 2011), Tables 12.5 and 12.7, and MER data system calc
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.3e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected 

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Geothermal

NonBiomass

Waste 5 Total 2

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total Wood 6 

1949 187 30 2 NA 30 33 NA NA 250 1 1950 206 35 2 NA 35 37 NA NA 278 1 1955 324 63 2 NA 35 37 NA NA 424 (s) 1960 396 95 2 NA 42 43 NA NA 535 (s) 1965 546 127 2 NA 55 57 NA NA 730 (s) 1970 678 215 10 2 154 166 NA NA 1,059 (s) 1975 824 172 17 (s) 231 248 NA NA 1,244 (s) 1976 911 167 18 (s) 255 273 NA NA 1,351 (s) 1977 962 174 21 (s) 285 306 NA NA 1,442 (s) 1978 960 175 20 1 291 313 NA NA 1,448 (s) 1979 1,056 192 13 1 244 258 NA NA 1,505 (s) 1980 1,137 200 12 1 194 207 NA NA 1,544 (s) 1981 1,180 198 9 (s) 163 173 NA NA 1,551 (s) 1982 1,182 176 7 (s) 116 123 NA NA 1,481 (s) 1983 1,242 158 7 1 113 121 NA NA 1,521 (s) 1984 1,318 170 6 1 94 101 NA NA 1,588 (s) 1985 1,367 166 6 1 79 86 NA NA 1,619 1 1986 1,357 142 6 1 107 114 NA NA 1,613 (s) 1987 1,427 155 7 1 91 99 NA NA 1,680 1 1988 1,492 143 8 1 114 123 NA NA 1,758 1 1989 1,519 168 11 2 121 134 (s) 4 1,826 9 1990 R1,548 176 7 3 92 102 (s) 6 R1,831 12 1991 R1,548 179 6 3 86 95 (s) 7 R1,830 12 1992 R1,570 186 5 5 69 79 (s) 8 R1,843 13 1993 R1,633 188 6 8 76 90 (s) 9 R1,919 14 1994 R1,639 211 9 7 68 84 (s) 9 R1,944 14 1995 R1,661 228 8 8 45 61 (s) 10 R1,960 12 1996 R1,752 205 8 8 50 66 (s) 10 R2,033 13 1997 R1,797 219 8 10 56 75 (s) 10 R2,101 13 1998 R1,828 248 10 13 82 105 (s) 10 R2,192 13 1999 R1,836 260 10 11 76 97 (s) 10 R2,204 13 2000 R1,927 281 13 10 69 91 (s) 10 R2,310 13 2001 R1,870 290 12 11 79 102 (s) 11 R2,273 12 2002 R1,890 306 9 18 52 79 (s) 13 R2,288 14 2003 R1,931 278 12 18 69 98 (s) 11 R2,319 16 2004 R1,943 297 8 23 69 100 (s) 11 R2,352 15 2005 R1,984 319 8 25 69 102 (s) 11 R2,417 17 2006 R1,954 338 5 22 28 56 (s) 12 R2,359 17 2007 R1,987 372 7 17 31 55 (s) 11 R2,426 17 2008 R1,959 362 5 16 19 40 (s) 12 R2,374 17 2009 R1,741 373 5 14 14 34 (s) R11 R2,159 17 2010P 1,828 399 6 15 12 33 (s) 11 2,271 18 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from e

Dioxide" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#

1949. • For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/minformation, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, and 10.2c. • 1973 fo(MER) (April 2011), Table 12.6 and MER data system calculations.
Figure 11.4 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2009 By Source, 2009Energy Sources by Type 1980-2009 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009324 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.2 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution.3 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.

5 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycle6 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals suc

swine. 

Source: Table 11.4.

Sources Sources Man

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane 30.8 in 1990 12.1 8.6 

Energy Agricultural W

05

1015

Million Metric Tons of Methane 29.2 in 2009

StationaryCombustion4

Animal Waste

Rice Cultivatio

Natural Gas Systems2

Coal Mining

Mobile

 Combustion5

Enteric Fermentation

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane Petroleum Systems3

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.4 Methane Emissions, 1980-2009

 (Million Metric Tons of Methane)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Coal

Mining

Natural

Gas

Systems 1

Petroleum

Systems 2

Mobile

Combustion 3

Stationary

Combustion 4 Total 5 Landfills

Wastewater

Treatment 6 Total 5

Enteric

Fermentation 7 Animal Waste 8 Rice Cultivation

Crop

Residue

Burning 

1980 3.06 R4.42 NA 0.28 0.45 R8.20 10.52 0.52 11.04 5.47 R2.87 0.48 0.04 1981 2.81 R5.02 NA .27 .45 R8.55 10.69 .53 11.22 5.56 R2.73 .54 .05 1982 3.23 R5.04 NA .27 .46 R9.01 R10.63 .54 11.17 5.50 R2.63 .47 .05 1983 3.02 R5.00 NA .27 .46 R8.76 10.67 .54 11.21 5.46 R2.68 .31 R.04 1984 3.61 R5.11 NA .27 .48 R9.46 10.68 .66 R11.33 5.33 R2.60 .40 R.05 1985 3.89 R5.16 NA .26 .48 R9.79 10.65 .67 11.32 5.27 R2.56 .36 R.05 1986 3.73 R5.04 NA .26 R.46 R9.48 10.53 .67 R11.20 5.13 R2.51 .34 .04 1987 4.01 R5.14 NA .25 .43 R9.85 10.63 .68 11.31 5.08 R2.56 .33 .04 1988 3.94 R5.29 NA .25 .46 R9.95 R10.51 .69 R11.20 5.10 R2.60 .41 R.05 1989 3.96 R5.46 NA .25 .48 R10.15 R10.43 .70 11.13 5.08 R1.68 .38 R.05 1990 R4.07 R5.78 1.30 R.22 .37 R11.72 R10.31 .91 R11.23 R5.58 R1.59 .40 R.05 1991 4.09 R6.00 1.31 R.21 .37 R11.98 R10.00 .93 R10.93 R5.61 R1.64 .40 R.05 1992 4.05 R6.07 1.26 R.20 .38 R11.97 R9.84 .95 R10.79 R5.77 R1.68 .45 R.05 1993 R3.29 R6.03 1.21 R.20 .36 11.08 R9.58 .96 R10.54 R5.77 R1.73 .41 .04 1994 R3.35 R6.08 1.17 R.19 .35 R11.15 R9.25 .98 R10.23 R5.90 R1.81 .48 .05 1995 R3.31 R6.17 R1.16 R.20 .35 R11.20 R8.62 1.00 R9.61 R5.96 R1.84 .44 R.05 1996 R3.30 R6.20 1.14 R.20 .36 R11.20 R8.19 1.01 R9.19 R5.95 R1.84 .41 R.05 1997 R3.28 R6.47 1.14 R.20 .33 R11.42 R7.45 1.02 R8.47 R5.72 R1.91 .45 .05 1998 R3.29 R6.45 1.11 R.19 .30 R11.34 R6.80 1.03 R7.83 R5.65 R1.97 .47 .05 1999 3.11 R6.47 1.04 R.18 .31 R11.11 R6.21 1.05 R7.25 R5.64 R1.97 .50 .05 2000 R2.98 R6.77 1.03 R.17 .33 R11.27 R5.93 1.05 R6.98 R5.60 R1.96 .44 .05 2001 R2.97 R6.59 1.03 R.16 .30 R11.05 R5.65 1.05 R6.70 R5.53 R1.98 .47 .05 2002 2.79 R6.90 1.02 R.15 .30 R11.16 R5.58 1.06 R6.64 R5.54 R1.99 .44 R.05 2003 2.79 R6.86 1.01 R.14 .31 R11.11 R5.97 1.06 R7.03 R5.61 R2.00 .43 .05 2004 R2.86 R6.93 .96 R.14 R.31 R11.20 R5.80 1.07 R6.88 R5.62 R2.02 .47 .05 2005 2.81 R6.91 .92 R.13 .32 R11.08 R6.02 1.08 R7.09 R5.71 R2.18 .46 .05 2006 R2.86 R7.00 .91 R.12 .30 R11.19 R6.18 1.10 R7.27 R5.77 R2.25 .39 .05 2007 2.84 R7.26 .90 R.12 .31 R11.43 R6.40 1.11 R7.51 R5.80 R2.24 .39 .05 2008 3.28 R7.37 .88 R.11 R.33 R11.97 R6.90 R1.12 R8.02 R5.93 R2.37 R.43 .05 2009 3.44 7.32 .94 .11 .31 12.12 7.19 1.12 8.31 5.80 2.33 .45 .06 

1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution; processing is not included in 1980 and is

incompletely covered in 1981-1989. 2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution. 3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport. 4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 5 See notes on components for specific coverage, which is inconsistent prior to 1990 in some cases. 6 1980-1983, domestic wastewater only; 1984 forward, industrial and domestic wastewater. 7 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and swine. 8 Estimation methods for 1990 forward reflect a shift in waste management away from liquid systems todry-lot systems, thus lowering emissions.

9 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity a

natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not includmay be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic matepaddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latecommunity. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/envSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emiss

States 2009 (March 2011), Tables 17-21; and EIA estimates baClimate Change’s Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas guidelines)—see http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6Protection Agency’s Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.ht
Figure 11.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980-2009 By Source, 2009Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2009 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009326 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

1 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics) and nitric

acid production (primarily for fertilizers).

2 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

3 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood fo

Source: Table 11.5.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.30.60.9

Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

20406080

100120140160

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

36 18

5

Industrial Waste Agri

0

200400600

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide 0.7 in 1990 0.7 in 2009

Stationary Combustion3

Processes1 

Management So

Mobile Combustion2

Solid Waste of Do

Nitrogen 

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009

 (Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Mobile

Combustion 1

Stationary

Combustion 2 Total

Waste

Combustion

Human

Sewage in

Wastewater Total

Nitrogen

Fertilization

of Soils

Crop

Residue

Burning

Solid Waste

of Domesticated

Animals Tota

1980 60 44 104 1 R10 R11 R364 1 R75 R440 1981 63 44 106 1 R10 R11 R364 2 R74 R440 1982 67 42 108 1 R10 R11 R339 2 R74 R414 1983 71 43 114 1 R11 R11 R337 1 R75 R413 1984 86 45 132 1 R11 R11 R355 R2 R74 R431 1985 98 46 143 1 R11 R12 R344 2 R73 R419 1986 107 45 152 1 R11 R12 R329 R2 R71 R402 1987 120 46 166 1 R12 R13 R328 1 R71 R400 1988 138 48 185 1 R12 R13 R329 1 R71 R401 1989 146 49 R195 1 R12 R13 R336 1 R70 R407 1990 R88 47 R135 1 R12 R13 R432 1 R66 R499 1991 R93 46 R139 1 R13 R14 R429 1 R66 R497 1992 R96 47 R143 1 R13 R14 R445 2 R66 R512 1993 R100 48 R148 1 R13 R14 R439 1 R68 R508 1994 R104 48 R152 1 R13 R15 R462 2 R68 R532 1995 R125 49 R174 1 R13 R15 R423 1 R69 R494 1996 R129 51 R180 1 R14 R15 R418 2 R68 R487 1997 R126 51 R178 1 R14 R15 R417 2 R69 R487 1998 R128 51 R179 1 R14 R15 R422 2 R69 R493 1999 R124 51 R175 1 R15 R16 R421 2 R69 R492 2000 R122 53 R175 1 R15 R16 R412 2 R70 R484 2001 R117 51 R168 1 R15 R16 R405 2 R71 R477 2002 R115 51 R166 1 R15 R16 R403 2 R70 R474 2003 R114 51 R165 1 R15 R16 R414 2 R69 R485 2004 R114 52 R167 1 R15 R17 R446 2 R69 R517 2005 R109 53 R162 1 R16 R17 R455 2 R70 R526 2006 R107 52 R159 1 R16 R17 R457 2 R71 R530 2007 R106 52 R159 1 R16 R17 R471 2 R71 R544 2008 R101 51 R151 1 R16 R17 R468 2 R71 R541 2009 97 46 143 1 16 18 468 2 70 540 

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid

production (primarily for fertilizers).

R=Revised. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • Because of the continuing goal toimprove estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an annual basis in

keeping with the latest findings of the international scientific com

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/envSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emiss

States 2009 (March 2011), Table 22; and EIA estimates based on Change’s Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html; and the UInventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Shttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.ht
Figure 11.6 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful The

Emissions by Type of Generating Unit, 2009

Emissions by Sector, 1989-2009

328 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

 5.5

(s)

 0.2

 0.2

0123456

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1 For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources; tire-derived fuel, and

geothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides: blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other

manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels; wood and wood-derived fuels;municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and otherbiomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

2 Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.Sources: Tables 11.6a-11.6c.

1,781

432

41

15

Coal

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Other1

0 600 1,200 1,800 2,400

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Carbon Dioxide

0.3

 0.1

 0.2

01

Million M

Nitrogen Oxides

1990 1995 2000 2005

06

12

18

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Nitrogen Oxides

Total2

Electric

 Power Sector

Industrial Sector

 

Industrial Sector

Total2

Electric 

Power Sector

I

1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.8

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

Carbon Dioxide
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.6a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009 (Sum of Tables 11.6b and 11.6c; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 

1989 R1,573,566 R218,384 R145,399 363 R5,590 R1,943,302 14,469 1 984 39 15,493 7,281 495 1990 R1,592,395 R233,852 R119,580 384 R7,488 R1,953,699 14,281 1 937 243 15,462 7,119 513 1991 R1,592,186 R238,084 R111,351 398 R8,447 R1,950,466 14,240 1 856 246 15,342 7,109 498 1992 R1,617,034 R248,149 R96,638 400 R10,053 R1,972,275 14,060 1 704 264 15,030 6,975 477 1993 R1,687,623 R250,411 R108,164 415 R10,439 R2,057,053 13,843 1 851 271 14,966 7,225 475 1994 R1,697,416 R276,308 R102,844 384 R11,186 R2,088,138 13,398 1 794 279 14,472 7,005 513 1995 R1,720,062 298,601 R77,032 329 R11,982 R2,108,006 11,188 2 826 298 12,314 5,136 653 1996 R1,812,022 277,856 R84,024 360 R12,718 R2,186,980 11,811 1 876 304 12,991 5,307 577 1997 R1,858,944 293,139 R93,497 374 R13,368 R2,259,322 12,211 1 965 303 13,480 5,322 619 1998 R1,887,335 327,456 R123,542 375 R12,891 R2,351,600 12,012 1 1,162 289 13,464 5,123 700 1999 R1,894,211 343,090 R115,677 381 R12,943 R2,366,302 11,453 1 1,101 288 12,843 4,687 632 2000 R1,986,100 363,526 R108,407 362 R12,440 R2,470,834 10,729 1 933 300 11,963 4,370 614 2001 R1,920,901 367,146 R117,196 353 R13,010 R2,418,607 9,905 2 1,002 265 11,174 4,096 631 2002 R1,938,613 378,950 R91,110 372 R14,918 R2,423,963 9,786 2 773 321 10,881 4,057 625 2003 R1,973,597 345,119 R112,065 371 R13,943 R2,445,094 9,688 2 717 239 10,646 3,607 453 2004 R1,989,580 367,112 R115,726 381 R14,183 R2,486,982 9,437 2 633 237 10,309 3,286 416 2005 R2,028,614 383,461 R117,086 377 R14,299 R2,543,838 9,499 2 587 251 10,340 3,135 383 2006 R2,001,085 404,278 R67,988 374 R15,193 R2,488,918 8,867 2 427 227 9,524 2,996 399 2007 R2,029,804 434,536 R67,769 376 R14,548 R2,547,032 8,389 3 422 227 9,042 2,870 382 2008 R2,001,806 R419,599 R47,855 R381 R14,370 R2,484,012 7,351 3 250 225 7,830 2,680 351 2009 1,781,278 432,206 41,474 386 14,163 2,269,508 5,535 2 210 223 5,970 1,769 336 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfil

byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, s

R=Revised. Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption fo

output. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals mindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Tables 11.6b and 11.6c.
330 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 11.6b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 11.6a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 

1989 R1,520,230 R169,653 R133,546 363 R4,366 R1,828,158 13,815 1 810 7 14,633 7,055 390 1990 R1,534,141 R177,232 R101,800 384 R5,795 R1,819,351 13,576 1 628 13 14,218 6,878 390 1991 R1,534,559 R180,541 R95,149 398 R7,207 R1,817,854 13,590 1 621 15 14,227 6,886 384 1992 R1,556,741 R187,730 R79,153 400 R8,476 R1,832,501 13,375 1 559 12 13,946 6,749 359 1993 R1,626,161 R188,291 R90,400 415 R8,592 R1,913,860 13,133 1 735 13 13,882 6,996 357 1994 R1,634,282 R211,154 R85,005 384 R9,323 R1,940,148 12,695 1 665 11 13,373 6,777 390 1995 R1,656,743 228,675 R61,057 329 R10,015 R1,956,819 10,573 1 581 34 11,189 4,974 402 1996 R1,747,945 205,250 R66,113 360 R9,932 R2,029,599 11,129 1 617 32 11,779 5,144 326 1997 R1,794,629 220,174 R75,079 374 R10,372 R2,100,628 11,515 1 653 36 12,205 5,157 370 1998 R1,825,027 249,836 R105,539 375 R10,264 R2,191,041 11,373 1 911 37 12,321 4,965 431 1999 R1,831,670 262,455 R97,892 381 R10,312 R2,202,710 10,843 1 836 42 11,722 4,535 381 2000 R1,923,054 283,034 R92,226 362 R10,178 R2,308,855 10,140 1 746 45 10,932 4,225 338 2001 R1,862,800 291,101 R102,900 353 R10,900 R2,268,054 9,281 2 754 5 10,041 3,878 425 2002 R1,878,923 307,455 R78,820 372 R12,758 R2,278,328 9,106 2 549 16 9,672 3,813 425 2003 R1,917,303 279,300 R98,208 371 R11,453 R2,306,635 9,255 2 579 13 9,849 3,496 282 2004 R1,929,818 297,782 R100,236 381 R11,177 R2,339,394 8,991 2 493 9 9,495 3,183 241 2005 R1,970,908 320,545 R102,537 377 R11,257 R2,405,625 9,071 2 461 10 9,543 3,051 243 2006 R1,944,759 339,557 R55,358 374 R11,544 R2,351,592 8,416 2 264 8 8,690 2,902 230 2007 R1,977,528 373,268 R55,545 376 R11,304 R2,418,022 8,002 3 265 9 8,279 2,781 236 2008 R1,951,138 363,749 R40,442 R381 R11,620 R2,367,331 6,909 2 146 8 7,065 2,578 230 2009 1,736,284 374,082 33,700 386 11,256 2,155,707 5,253 2 110 9 5,374 1,688 214 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

R=Revised. Notes: • There are small differences in carbon dioxide emissions values between this table and Table

11.3e due to differences in the methodologies for calculating the data. • Data are for emissions from

energy consumption for electricity generation and useful therm

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See NEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Useful Thermequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Admin

EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Planforms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental ProMonitoring System.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.6c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 11.6a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxid

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 

Commercial Sector 8

1989 R2,320 1,542 637 – 804 R5,303 37 (s) 5 1 43 9 3 2 1990 R2,418 2,294 706 – 959 R6,377 39 (s) 4 1 45 10 6 1 1991 R2,680 2,287 544 – 1,014 R6,526 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 6 1 1992 R2,552 2,787 474 – 1,258 R7,070 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 7 1 1993 R2,988 3,315 616 – 1,285 R8,205 40 (s) 3 1 44 12 7 1 1994 R2,932 3,722 654 – 1,292 R8,601 39 (s) 3 (s) 42 11 8 1 1995 R3,106 4,070 509 – 1,462 R9,147 30 (s) 3 3 35 8 20 6 1996 R3,639 4,369 534 – 2,023 R10,565 40 (s) 3 4 47 9 23 4 1997 R3,871 4,654 R716 – R2,277 R11,518 43 (s) 3 6 51 10 34 7 1998 R3,341 4,707 R829 – R2,081 R10,958 37 (s) 5 4 45 10 35 5 1999 R3,468 4,535 742 – 2,008 R10,752 34 (s) 4 4 42 9 28 4 2000 R3,635 4,605 740 – 1,684 R10,665 33 (s) 4 7 43 8 38 4 2001 R3,366 4,280 839 – 1,418 R9,903 43 (s) 4 2 48 13 19 2 2002 R3,025 4,035 571 – 1,520 R9,151 41 (s) 2 2 46 13 20 2 2003 R3,904 3,222 683 – 1,706 R9,515 32 (s) 3 1 36 9 16 5 2004 R4,018 3,916 920 – 1,962 R10,817 30 (s) 3 2 35 8 18 8 2005 R4,031 3,701 759 – 1,897 R10,387 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 24 6 2006 R3,908 3,686 445 – 1,946 R9,984 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 35 3 2007 R3,994 3,800 363 – 1,635 R9,792 33 (s) 3 1 37 10 16 2 2008 R4,155 R3,589 310 – 1,953 R10,006 32 (s) 1 (s) 33 9 14 1 2009 3,727 4,093 245 – 2,084 10,149 26 (s) 1 (s) 27 8 13 1 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 R51,017 R47,188 R11,216 – 420 R109,842 616 (s) 169 32 817 218 100 21 1990 R55,837 R54,326 R17,074 – 734 R127,971 666 (s) 304 229 1,199 233 116 31 1991 R54,947 R55,255 R15,659 – 225 R126,086 618 (s) 232 230 1,080 215 108 27 1992 R57,742 R57,632 R17,010 – 319 R132,704 655 (s) 143 251 1,049 218 110 29 1993 R58,474 R58,805 R17,148 – R562 R134,988 671 (s) 113 257 1,041 219 110 29 1994 R60,202 R61,431 R17,186 – R571 R139,390 664 (s) 126 267 1,057 219 114 30 1995 R60,212 65,856 R15,466 – R505 R142,040 585 (s) 243 262 1,090 154 231 43 1996 R60,438 68,237 R17,377 – R763 R146,815 642 (s) 256 268 1,166 154 228 48 1997 R60,444 68,311 R17,701 – R719 R147,175 653 (s) 309 261 1,223 155 215 50 1998 R58,967 72,914 R17,174 – R546 R149,601 603 (s) 247 248 1,099 148 234 53 1999 R59,073 76,100 R17,043 – R624 R152,840 576 (s) 260 243 1,080 144 223 55 2000 R59,410 75,887 R15,440 – R577 R151,315 556 (s) 184 248 988 138 238 34 2001 R54,735 71,765 R13,457 – R693 R140,650 581 (s) 245 259 1,085 206 187 39 2002 R56,665 67,460 R11,719 – R640 R136,484 639 (s) 221 303 1,163 231 181 36 2003 R52,390 62,598 R13,173 – 783 R128,944 401 (s) 135 224 761 102 155 28 2004 R55,744 65,413 R14,570 – R1,044 R136,771 415 (s) 136 227 779 95 157 25 2005 R53,675 59,216 R13,791 – R1,145 R127,826 395 (s) 124 241 760 75 117 27 2006 R52,418 61,035 R12,185 – R1,703 R127,341 419 (s) 161 218 798 86 134 26 2007 R48,282 57,467 R11,860 – R1,609 R119,218 353 1 154 217 726 79 129 26 2008 R46,514 52,261 R7,103 – R798 R106,675 411 1 103 217 731 93 107 16 2009 41,268 54,031 7,529 – 824 103,651 256 (s) 98 214 569 73 108 15 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons.Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity ge

output. • See Table 11.6b for electric power sector data. • See Note 2, "ClInto Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Useful Thermal Output" not equal sums of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 

EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms). SulOxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations forms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenMonitoring System.
Figure 11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Env

Equipment

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2009Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-20092 Coal Units by Equipment Type, Petroleum and Natural 

1985-20092 by Equipment Type, 19

332 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Coal Units Petroleum and Natur

Particulate Collectors

Thousand Megawatts

333

166 167

26

76

Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Flue Gas Particulate Collectors Cooling Towe

0

50

100150200250300350

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Particulate Collectors

Cooling Towers

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Particulate Co

Desulfurization1 

Cooling Towers

Cooling Towers

1 Also called “scrubbers.”2 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of

100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulatedgenerating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) inoperating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts orgreater, or combustible-renewable steam electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.Note: • Components are not additive because some ge

one category.

Source: Table 11.7.

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 1

0

20406080

Thousand Megawatts
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table 11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environme

 1985-2009 (Megawatts)

Year

Coal Petroleum and Natural Gas 

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 2

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 2

Particulate

Collectors

Coolin

Tower

1985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,481986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,651987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,781988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,801989 313,680 131,701 67,469 315,521 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,081990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,551991 319,046 135,565 70,474 319,110 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,910 164,631992 319,856 136,266 71,336 319,918 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,365 165,031993 318,188 135,885 71,106 318,251 32,620 28,922 – 58,580 350,808 164,801994 319,485 137,266 80,617 319,776 31,695 28,186 – 57,123 351,180 165,451995 320,685 138,108 84,677 320,749 30,513 27,187 – 54,942 351,198 165,291996 321,805 139,065 85,842 321,869 30,349 27,685 – 55,275 352,154 166,741997 320,646 138,120 86,605 320,710 31,422 28,766 – 56,485 352,068 166,881998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 – 55,764 351,790 166,891999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 – 55,812 353,480 175,522000 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 – 57,697 352,727 175,5220013 329,187 154,747 97,804 329,187 31,575 34,649 184 61,634 360,762 189,392002 329,459 154,750 98,363 329,459 29,879 45,920 310 72,008 359,338 200,672003 328,587 155,158 99,257 328,587 29,422 55,770 310 81,493 358,009 210,922004 328,506 157,968 101,182 328,506 27,402 57,082 310 81,450 355,782 214,982005 328,720 158,493 101,338 328,720 27,005 59,214 310 83,307 355,599 217,642006 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2007 R328,029 159,388 118,739 R328,336 R26,496 R69,497 R285 R93,066 R354,407 R228,702008 R329,099 R161,234 139,877 R329,513 R26,565 R73,315 R346 R96,984 R355,517 R234,252009 332,546 165,795 167,172 332,546 25,925 75,770 346 98,756 358,342 241,34

1 Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 2 Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category. 3 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100

megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – =No data reported.

Note: See "Cooling Tower," "Flue Gas Desulfurization," and "PWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1985-1996—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Plant Operation and Design Report." • 1997-2005—EIA, ElecTable 3.10, and Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operforward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2009 (January 2011), Table Generator Report."
Environment

Note. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass EnergyCombustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass to

produce energy are excluded from the total energy-related CO2 emissions reported in

the Annual Energy Review Section 11, but appear separately in Tables 11.2–11.3e.

According to current international convention (see the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change’s “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”), carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded fromreported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock isgrown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not tosay that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are required in order togrow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to produce and process the biomass

into fuels.)

However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may resultin a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbonrather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported

energy-related emissions. For example, the clearincould result in an initial release of carbon that is not use of the land for agriculture.To reflect the potential net emissions, the internatiogas inventories is to report biomass emissions in the and other land use,” usually based on estimates of net time. This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from bi

confusion in accounting for and understanding the 

energy and non-energy systems. In recognition of 

emissions from biomass combustion alongside other 

offers an alternative accounting treatment. It is imisinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total 

biomass and energy-related CO2 emissions implici

carbon emitted was previously or subsequently reabsoother emissions sources offset any such sequestration.

334 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Using Thermal Conversion Factors

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energymeasured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels ofasphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this sectionrepresent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heatcontent rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review andare commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heatcontent rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The differencebetween the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize waterthat is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different intheir gross and net heat content rates. See “Heat Content” and “British thermal unit(Btu)” in the Glossary for more information.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times thethermal conversion factor for propane.In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 throughA6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and arelabeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminaryvalue until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. Thesource of each factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal ConversionFactor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in this appendix.

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. S

 Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/1 Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel hea

 2 See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents be

contents.

Miscellaneous .............................Waxes ..................................Unfractionated Stream ........................Unfinished Oils ............................Still Gas .................................Special Naphthas ...........................Road Oil .................................Residual Fuel Oil ...........................Propane .................................Plant Condensate ...........................Petroleum Coke ............................

Still Gas ..............................Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F .........Naphtha less than 401° F ....................

Petrochemical FeedstocksPentanes Plus ..............................

Natural Gasoline ............................

Reformulated ...........................

 Oxygenated ............................

Conventional ...........................

Motor Gasoline2

Lubricants ................................Kerosene ................................Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type ........................Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type .......................Isobutane ................................Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent) ........Ethane ..................................Distillate Fuel Oil 

1 ...........................

Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent) .......Butane ..................................Aviation Gasoline ...........................Asphalt .................................

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleu

(Million Btu per Barrel)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Appendix A

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
336 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Yea

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Production Imports Ex

Crude Oil 1

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids Crude Oil 1

Petroleum

Products Total Crude Oil 1

Petr

Pro

1949 5.800 4.544 5.952 6.261 6.059 5.800 51950 5.800 4.522 5.943 6.263 6.080 5.800 51955 5.800 4.406 5.924 6.234 6.040 5.800 51960 5.800 4.295 5.911 6.161 6.021 5.800 51965 5.800 4.264 5.872 6.123 5.997 5.800 51970 5.800 4.146 5.822 6.088 5.985 5.800 51975 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 51976 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 51977 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 51978 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 51979 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 51980 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 51981 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 51982 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 51983 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 51984 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 51985 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 51986 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 51987 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 51988 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 51989 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 51990 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 51991 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 51992 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 51993 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 51994 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 51995 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 51996 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 51997 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 51998 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 51999 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 52000 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 52001 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 52002 5.800 3.729 5.971 5.451 5.863 5.800 52003 5.800 3.739 5.970 5.438 5.857 5.800 52004 5.800 3.724 5.981 5.475 5.863 5.800 52005 5.800 3.724 5.977 5.474 5.845 5.800 52006 5.800 3.712 5.980 5.454 5.842 5.800 52007 5.800 3.701 5.985 5.503 5.862 5.800 52008 5.800 3.706 5.990 5.479 5.866 5.800 52009 5.800 R3.692 R5.988 R5.525 R5.882 5.800 R52010P 5.800 3.677 5.989 5.566 5.896 5.800 5

1 Includes lease condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.g

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentati
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Yea

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Total Petroleum 1 Consumption by Sector Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Consumption 6

Motor

Gasoline

Consumption 7

Fuel

Ethanol 8

Fuel

Ethanol

Feedstock

Factor 9 

Residential Commercial 2 

Industrial 2

Transportation 2,3 Electric Power 4,5 Total 2

1949 R5.484 R5.813 R5.957 5.465 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1950 R5.473 R5.817 R5.953 5.461 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1955 R5.469 R5.781 R5.881 R5.407 6.254 5.591 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1960 R5.417 R5.781 R5.818 R5.387 6.267 5.555 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1965 R5.364 R5.760 R5.748 R5.386 6.267 5.532 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1970 R5.260 R5.708 R5.595 5.393 6.252 5.503 63.779 5.253 NA NA 1975 R5.253 R5.649 R5.513 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 5.253 NA NA 1976 R5.277 R5.672 R5.523 R5.396 6.251 5.504 3.711 5.253 NA NA 1977 R5.285 R5.682 R5.539 R5.401 6.249 5.518 3.677 5.253 NA NA 1978 R5.287 R5.665 R5.536 R5.405 6.251 5.519 3.669 5.253 NA NA 1979 R5.365 R5.717 R5.409 R5.429 6.258 5.494 3.680 5.253 NA NA 1980 R5.321 R5.751 R5.366 R5.441 6.254 5.479 3.674 5.253 3.563 6.586 1981 R5.283 R5.693 R5.299 R5.433 6.258 5.448 3.643 5.253 3.563 6.562 1982 R5.266 R5.698 R5.247 R5.423 6.258 5.415 3.615 5.253 3.563 6.539 1983 R5.140 R5.591 R5.254 R5.416 6.255 5.406 3.614 5.253 3.563 6.515 1984 R5.307 R5.657 R5.207 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 5.253 3.563 6.492 1985 R5.263 R5.598 R5.199 R5.423 6.247 5.387 3.603 5.253 3.563 6.469 1986 R5.268 R5.632 R5.269 R5.426 6.257 5.418 3.640 5.253 3.563 6.446 1987 R5.239 R5.594 R5.233 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 5.253 3.563 6.423 1988 R5.257 R5.597 R5.228 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 5.253 3.563 6.400 1989 R5.194 R5.549 R5.219 R5.438 46.240 5.410 3.683 5.253 3.563 6.377 1990 R5.145 R5.553 R5.253 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 5.253 3.563 6.355 1991 R5.094 R5.528 R5.167 R5.441 6.246 5.384 3.614 5.253 3.563 6.332 1992 R5.124 R5.513 R5.168 R5.443 6.238 5.378 3.624 5.253 3.563 6.309 1993 R5.102 2,R5.505 2,R5.178 25.436 6.230 25.379 3.606 5.253 3.563 6.287 1994 R5.098 R5.515 R5.150 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.635 75.230 3.563 6.264 1995 R5.063 R5.478 R5.121 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 5.215 3.563 6.242 1996 R4.998 R5.433 R5.114 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 5.216 3.563 6.220 1997 R4.989 R5.391 R5.120 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 5.213 3.563 6.198 1998 R4.975 R5.365 R5.137 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 5.212 3.563 6.176 1999 R4.902 R5.291 R5.092 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 5.211 3.563 6.167 2000 R4.908 R5.316 R5.057 R5.422 6.189 5.326 3.607 5.210 3.563 6.159 2001 R4.937 R5.325 R5.142 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 5.210 3.563 6.151 2002 R4.886 R5.293 R5.093 R5.411 6.173 5.324 3.613 5.208 3.563 6.143 2003 R4.907 R5.307 R5.142 R5.409 6.182 5.340 3.629 5.207 3.563 6.116 2004 R4.953 R5.328 R5.144 R5.421 6.192 5.350 3.618 5.215 3.563 6.089 2005 R4.916 R5.364 R5.178 R5.427 6.188 5.365 3.620 5.218 3.563 6.063 2006 R4.894 R5.310 R5.160 5.431 6.143 5.353 3.605 5.218 3.563 6.036 2007 R4.850 R5.298 R5.127 R5.434 6.151 5.346 3.591 5.219 3.563 6.009 2008 R4.732 R5.175 R5.149 5.426 6.123 5.339 3.600 5.218 3.563 5.983 2009 R4.691 R5.266 R5.018 5.414 6.105 R5.301 R3.558 5.218 3.563 5.957 2010 E4.701 E5.280 E5.014 E5.420 P6.085 P5.300 P3.558 P5.218 P3.561 5.930 

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. 

Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in each category are calculated by usingheat content values shown in Table A1.

2 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 3 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

5 Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,

and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.

6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single

constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. 7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown inTable A1.

8 Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are

weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus usedas denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant (5.253

million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor fo

9 Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn p

used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of unethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 i2002, and 2.764 in 2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is acontent of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed t3.539 million Btu per barrel.

10 Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean o

the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. It soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million to produce one barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation petrol

beginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology. • The hare for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalen

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," whic
338 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Year

Production Consumption 1

Marketed Dry End-Use Sectors Imports 

2 Electric Power Sector 3 Total

1949 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1950 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1955 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1960 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1965 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1970 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1975 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1976 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1977 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1978 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1979 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1980 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1981 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1982 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1983 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1984 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1985 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1986 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1987 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1988 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1989 1,107 1,031 1,031 31,028 1,031 1,004 1990 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1991 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1992 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1993 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1994 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1995 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1996 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1997 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1998 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1999 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 2000 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 2001 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,026 1,028 1,023 2002 1,106 1,027 1,029 1,020 1,027 1,022 2003 1,106 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,025 2004 1,104 1,026 1,026 1,027 1,026 1,025 2005 1,104 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 2006 1,103 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 2007 1,104 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,025 2008 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,025 2009 R1,101 R1,025 R1,025 1,025 R1,025 1,025 2010 E1,101 E1,024 E1,025 P1,022 E1,024 E1,025 

1 Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. – – =Not applicable. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "HWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.go

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentatio
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2010

 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Year

Coal 

Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Consumption

Imports Ex

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 4,5 Total 3

1949 24.916 NA 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 261950 25.090 NA 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 261955 25.201 NA 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 261960 24.906 NA 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 261965 24.775 NA 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 261970 23.842 NA 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 261975 22.897 NA 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 261976 22.855 NA 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 261977 22.597 NA 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 261978 22.248 NA 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 261979 22.454 NA 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 261980 22.415 NA 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 261981 22.308 NA 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 261982 22.239 NA 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 261983 22.052 NA 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 261984 22.010 NA 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 261985 21.870 NA 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 261986 21.913 NA 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 261987 21.922 NA 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 261988 21.823 NA 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 261989 21.765 210.391 23.650 26.800 22.347 420.898 21.307 25.000 261990 21.822 9.303 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 261991 21.681 10.758 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 261992 21.682 10.396 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 261993 21.418 10.638 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 261994 21.394 11.097 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 261995 21.326 11.722 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 261996 21.322 12.147 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 261997 21.296 12.158 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 261998 21.418 12.639 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 261999 21.070 12.552 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 262000 21.072 12.360 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 262001 120.772 12.169 24.909 27.426 22.622 20.337 20.671 25.000 252002 20.673 12.165 22.962 27.426 22.562 20.238 20.541 25.000 262003 20.499 12.360 22.242 27.425 22.468 20.082 20.387 25.000 252004 20.424 12.266 22.324 27.426 22.473 19.980 20.290 25.000 262005 20.348 12.093 22.342 26.279 22.178 19.988 20.246 25.000 252006 20.310 12.080 22.066 26.271 22.050 19.931 20.181 25.000 252007 20.340 12.090 22.069 26.329 22.371 19.909 20.168 25.000 252008 20.208 12.121 21.887 26.281 22.348 19.713 19.977 25.000 252009 R19.969 R11.862 R22.059 26.334 21.893 R19.521 R19.742 25.000 252010P 20.192 11.755 21.254 26.296 21.909 19.612 19.858 25.000 25

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants. 4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the pub

electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and in

5 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, s

coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat CWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/total

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," wh
340 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2

 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Year

Approximate Heat Rates 1 for Electricity Net Generation

Heat C

Elec

Fossil Fuels 2,3 Nuclear 4 Geothermal 5 

1949 15,033 – – – – 1950 14,030 – – – – 1955 11,699 – – – – 1960 10,760 11,629 23,200 1965 10,453 11,804 22,182 1970 10,494 10,977 21,606 1975 10,406 11,013 21,611 1976 10,373 11,047 21,611 1977 10,435 10,769 21,611 1978 10,361 10,941 21,611 1979 10,353 10,879 21,545 1980 10,388 10,908 21,639 1981 10,453 11,030 21,639 1982 10,454 11,073 21,629 1983 10,520 10,905 21,290 1984 10,440 10,843 21,303 1985 10,447 10,622 21,263 1986 10,446 10,579 21,263 1987 10,419 10,442 21,263 1988 10,324 10,602 21,096 1989 10,432 10,583 21,096 1990 10,402 10,582 21,096 1991 10,436 10,484 20,997 1992 10,342 10,471 20,914 1993 10,309 10,504 20,914 1994 10,316 10,452 20,914 1995 10,312 10,507 20,914 1996 10,340 10,503 20,960 1997 10,213 10,494 20,960 1998 10,197 10,491 21,017 1999 10,226 10,450 21,017 2000 10,201 10,429 21,017 2001 210,333 10,443 21,017 2002 10,173 10,442 21,017 2003 10,241 10,421 21,017 2004 10,022 10,427 21,017 2005 9,999 10,436 21,017 2006 9,919 10,436 21,017 2007 9,884 10,485 21,017 2008 9,854 10,453 21,017 2009 R9,760 R10,460 21,017 2010 E9,760 E10,460 E21,017 

1 The values in columns 1-3 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary. 2 Used as the thermal conversion factors for hydro, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, and wind

electricity net generation to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through2000, also used as the thermal conversion factors for wood and waste electricity net generation at electricutilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.

3 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in

2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and electricity-only independent powerproducers.

4 Used as the thermal conversion factors for nuclear electricity net generation. 5 Technology-based heat rates for geothermal electricity net generation. Beginning with the Annual

Energy Review 2010, the technology-based geothermal heat rates are 

conversion factors in Btu calculations in this report but are retained on comparison. 6 See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 7 The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. – – =Not applicable. Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenerg

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which f
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum

and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermalconversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimatedby the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu

per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern TransmissionCorporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.

Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and Petroleum

Industry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. See Butane and Propane.

Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to

the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. SeeCrude Oil Production.Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantitiesimported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreigncountry basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 and

converting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau ofStandards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of PetroleumProducts, 1933.Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 millionBtu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal

memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard AverFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 

and Propane.

Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, CommEastern Transmission Corporation in the report Ccan Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, Militaryern Transmission Corporation in the report CompEnergy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of histoKerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau 

“Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating VaJanuary 3, 1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. • 194Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveleum Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constanbarrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually by Econversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gweighted by the quantities consumed. The compoleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propabutane (including butylene), butane-propane mixand isobutane. For 1967–1980, quantities consumReports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu per

barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Motor Gasoline Consumption. • 1949–1993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Minesthermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, MotorFuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix Vof Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968

release of historical and projected statistics. • 1994 forward: EIA calculatednational annual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor forconventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previousyears. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, “Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated

Gasoline.” See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced

weighted by the quantities produced.Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btuper barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu

or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for specialnaphthas. See Special Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F. Assumedby EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor fordistillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu perbarrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.

Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversiper barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Buredum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average HeatiAdopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of Mines ca30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the refenal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe commercial sector weighted by the estimated commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum producial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Shttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Cthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the electric power sector weighted by the quantpower sector. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power predecessor forms.Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calcuaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantisector. The quantities of petroleum products consumestimated in the State Energy Data Systhttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calcaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe residential sector weighted by the estimated quantial sector. The quantities of petroleum products conare estimated in the State Energy Data Sys

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annuallthermal conversion factors for all petroleum producquantities consumed.Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. the average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the transportation sector weighted by the estimattransportation sector. The quantities of petroleum 

342 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
transportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see documentation at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of thethermal conversion factors for each petroleum product exported weighted by the

quantities exported.Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of thethermal conversion factors for each petroleum product imported weighted by thequantities imported.Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from dataprovided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btu

per barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (seeAsphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the totalgasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1970.Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weightedby the quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products

Exports.Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product imported

weighted by the quantities imported. See Crude O

ucts Imports.

Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal convBtu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil 

published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, V

Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermmillion Btu per barrel or equal to that for 

Condensate) and first published it in EIA’s Ann

2, 1981.Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factoas estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first publAnnual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Conten

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per pound. Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil inp(million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel) as thinputs to the production of biodiesel. EIA assumoil are needed to produce one gallon of biodisoybean oil are needed to produce one barrel of bsoybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 

Btu per barrel.

Ethanol (Undenatured). EIA adopted the thermal 

Btu per barrel published in “Oxygenate Flexibility foby William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Comon Reformulated Gasolines and Clean Air Act Im

October 1991.

Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). • 1981–2008: EIA forward: Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity

conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 plus used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per gasoline used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu peconsumed is from EIA’s Petroleum Supply AnnuMonthly (PSM), Table 1, data for renewable fuels tion of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable fuels and opentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1,

data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of conventional motorgasoline and motor gasoline blending components, multiplied by -1.Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the production of undenaturedethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Departmentof Agriculture observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn)were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated theethanol yields in other years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat content of0.392 million Btu per bushel.

Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA

by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector bythe quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant OperationsReport,” and predecessor forms.Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the end-use sectors(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.Data are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental GasSupply and Disposition.”Natural Gas Consumption, Total. • 1949–1962: EIA adopted the thermalconversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Minesand first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. • 1963–1979: EIA

adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication. • 1980forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of natural gasconsumed by the total quantity consumed.Natural Gas Exports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas exported by the quantity exported. For 1973–1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, NaturalGas Imports and Exports.

Natural Gas Imports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA natural gas imported by the quantity imported. For 1FPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters 1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, OfGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to sion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See Natura

Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated anheat content of dry natural gas produced (see Natur

natural gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas 

the total quantity of marketed natural gas produced.

Approximate Heat Content of Co

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the 24.800 million Btu per short ton.Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calcdividing the heat content of coal consumed by the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-9Report,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plantby dividing the heat content of coal consumed by consumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly CReport—Coke Plants.”Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Cadividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly CReport—Manufacturing Plants.”Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial S

EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed bcial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 199“Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in 2000, data 

344 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
heat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations

Report,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heatcontent of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quantity consumed.Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steamcoal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S.Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly Report EM 545.”Coal Imports. • 1949–1963: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heatcontent of coal imported by the quantity imported. • 1963 forward: Assumed byEIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance the heat content of coalsupply (production and imports) and the heat content of coal disposition (exports,stock change, and consumption). Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat contentof waste coal supplied by the quantity supplied. For 1989–1997, data are fromForm EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report.” For 1998–2000,data are from Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility.”For 2001 forward, data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption andQuality Report—Manufacturing Plants”; Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations

Report”; and predecessor forms. 

Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil Fuels. There is no generally accepted practicefor measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants that generate electricityfrom hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources.Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual average heat ratefactor for fossil-fueled power plants in the United States. By using that factor, it ispossible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for replacing those sources during periods of interruption, such as droughts. The heat content of a kilowatthour of

electricity produced, regardless of the generation prThe weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fuethe United States, as published by EIA in Ther

Cost and Annual Production Expenses—19

Construction Cost and Annual Production Expe

weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fuelethe United States, as published in EIA, Electric tion Expenses 1991, Table 9. • 1989–2000: Calcheat rate data reported on Form EIA-860, “Annuapredecessor forms); and net generation data reporPower Plant Report.” The computation includes electric plants using fossil fuels. • 2001 forwardusing fuel consumption and net generation data rePlant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms. all electric utilities and electricity-only independen

fuels.

Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal. • 196EIA by weighting the annual average heat rates the installed nameplate capacities as reported on Statement.” • 1982 forward: Estimated annually mal survey of relevant plants.Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. • 1957–dividing the total heat content consumed in nucl(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating tricity generation were reported on Form FERElectric Utilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form Public Electric Utilities”; and predecessor formpublished in EIA, Historical Plant Cost and ASelected Electric Plants 1982, page 215. For 1published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Pow

Table 13. • 1985 forward: Calculated annually 

reported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Gsor forms), and the generation reported on Form 

tions Report” (and predecessor forms).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that

historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units,barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerceinvolves other nations, most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S.Government is committed to the transition to the metric system, as stated inthe Metric Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94–168), amended by theOmnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (Public Law 100–418), and

Executive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.

The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate themetric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For

example, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tonsIn the metric system of weights and measures, the nsions of any unit may be derived by combining the such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectivcenti, and milli, meaning, respectively, oneone-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be foThe conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be various physical units commonly used in energy anaare the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barregallons).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes,

 and Other Physical Conversion Factors
348 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956. dTo convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.

 Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the 

 International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html. Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp. 28 and 29. 

 100 degrees Celsius (oC) a 212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) 

=

 0 degrees Celsius (oC) a Temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)

= d

3.6 megajoules (MJ) a 1 kilowatthour (kWh)

=

4.186 8 joules (J) a 1 calorie (cal)

=

1,055.055 852 62 joules (J) a 1 British thermal unit (Btu)

= c Energy

square centimeters (cm2 6.451 6 ) a 1 square inch (in

= 2

)

square meters (m2 0.092 903 04 ) a 1 square foot (ft

= 2

)

square meters (m2 1 square yard (yd

= 0.836 127 4 ) 2

)

square kilometers (km2 1 square mile (mi

= 2.589 988 ) 2

)

Area 1 acre

= 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

2.54 centimeters (cm) a 1 inch (in)

=

0.304 8 meters (m) a 1 foot (ft)

=

0.914 4 meters (m) a 1 yard (yd)

=

1.609 344 kilometers (km) a Length 1 mile (mi)

=

1 cubic inch (in

= 16.387 06 milliliters (mL) 3

)

1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)

= 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)

1 U.S. gallon (gal)

= 3.785 412 liters (L)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic foot (ft

= 0.028 316 85 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic yard (yd

= 0.764 555 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl)

= 0.158 987 3 )

1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)

= 28.349 52 grams (g)

0.384 647 kilograms uranium (kgU) b 1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) =

0.453 592 37 kilograms (kg) a 1 pound (lb)

=

1 long ton

= 1.016 047 metric tons (t) 

Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb)

= 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17

and C-21.

cubic feet (ft3 128 ) a 1 cord (cd) = 

1.25 shorts tons b Wood 1 cord (cd) = 

1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1 metric ton (t) = 

2,240 pounds (lb) a 1 long ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) a Coal 1 short ton = 

42 U.S. gallons (gal) a Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units 

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST

Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

 10 yocto y -24 10 yotta Y 24

 10 zepto z -21 10 zetta Z 21 10 atto a -18 10 exa E 18 10 femto f -15 10 peta P 15 10 pico p -12 10 tera T 12

 10 nano n -9 10 giga G 9

 10 micro

μ -6 10 mega M 6

 10 milli

m -3 10 kilo k 3

 10 centi c -2 10 hecto h 2 10 deci d -1 10 deka da 1

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Appendix C

Figure C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

Note: Map not to scale. Web Page: See www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf. 

 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the C

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Appendix D

Table D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1

Year

Population U.S. Gross Domestic Pro

United States 1 World

United States

as Share of World

Billion

Nominal Dollars 2

Billion

Real (2005) Dollars 3

Million People Percent 

1949 149.2 NA NA 267.2 1,844.7 1950 152.3 R2,556.5 6.0 293.7 2,006.0 1955 165.9 R2,781.2 6.0 414.7 2,500.3 1960 180.7 R3,042.4 5.9 526.4 2,830.9 1965 194.3 R3,350.2 5.8 719.1 3,610.1 1970 205.1 R3,713.0 5.5 1,038.3 4,269.9 1975 216.0 R4,090.4 5.3 1,637.7 4,879.5 1976 218.0 R4,161.6 5.2 1,824.6 5,141.3 1977 220.2 R4,233.6 5.2 2,030.1 5,377.7 1978 222.6 R4,305.7 5.2 2,293.8 5,677.6 1979 225.1 R4,380.7 5.1 2,562.2 5,855.0 1980 227.2 R4,452.9 5.1 2,788.1 5,839.0 1981 229.5 R4,535.7 5.1 3,126.8 5,987.2 1982 231.7 R4,615.6 5.0 3,253.2 5,870.9 1983 233.8 R4,696.6 5.0 3,534.6 6,136.2 1984 235.8 R4,776.7 4.9 3,930.9 6,577.1 1985 237.9 R4,858.3 4.9 4,217.5 6,849.3 1986 240.1 R4,942.0 4.9 4,460.1 7,086.5 1987 242.3 R5,028.3 4.8 4,736.4 7,313.3 1988 244.5 R5,115.2 4.8 5,100.4 7,613.9 1989 246.8 R5,201.8 R4.7 5,482.1 7,885.9 1990 249.6 R5,289.0 4.7 5,800.5 8,033.9 1991 253.0 R5,372.0 4.7 5,992.1 8,015.1 1992 256.5 R5,456.7 4.7 6,342.3 8,287.1 1993 259.9 R5,538.8 4.7 6,667.4 8,523.4 1994 263.1 R5,619.4 4.7 7,085.2 8,870.7 1995 266.3 R5,700.3 4.7 7,414.7 9,093.7 1996 269.4 R5,780.5 4.7 7,838.5 9,433.9 1997 272.6 R5,859.1 4.7 8,332.4 9,854.3 1998 275.9 R5,936.7 R4.6 8,793.5 10,283.5 1999 279.0 R6,013.5 4.6 9,353.5 10,779.8 2000 282.2 R6,089.6 4.6 9,951.5 11,226.0 2001 R285.0 R6,166.1 4.6 10,286.2 11,347.2 2002 R287.7 R6,242.3 4.6 10,642.3 11,553.0 2003 R290.2 R6,318.0 4.6 11,142.1 11,840.7 2004 R292.9 R6,393.7 4.6 11,867.8 12,263.8 2005 R295.6 R6,469.7 4.6 12,638.4 12,638.4 2006 R298.4 R6,546.3 4.6 13,398.9 12,976.2 2007 R301.4 R6,623.9 4.6 R14,061.8 R13,228.9 2008 R304.2 R6,701.0 R4.5 R14,369.1 R13,228.8 2009 R306.7 R6,776.8 4.5 R14,119.0 R12,880.6 2010 309.1 6,852.5 4.5 14,660.4 13,248.2 

1 Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 4 The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2005)

dollars.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices for all data beginning in

1949. • For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.gov/.

Sources: U.S. Population: • 1949-1989—U.S. Departmen

Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, June 2000. Census, State Population Estimates, April 11, 2002. • 2000 foState Population Estimates, February 2011. World Populationthe Census, International Database (April 11, 2011). U.S. forward—DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income Tables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Table E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-194

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Wood Total 1

1635 NA – – – – NA – – (s) (s) 1645 NA – – – – NA – – 0.001 0.001 1655 NA – – – – NA – – .002 .002 1665 NA – – – – NA – – .005 .005 1675 NA – – – – NA – – .007 .007 1685 NA – – – – NA – – .009 .009 1695 NA – – – – NA – – .014 .014 1705 NA – – – – NA – – .022 .022 1715 NA – – – – NA – – .037 .037 1725 NA – – – – NA – – .056 .056 1735 NA – – – – NA – – .080 .080 1745 NA – – – – NA – – .112 .112 1755 NA – – – – NA – – .155 .155 1765 NA – – – – NA – – .200 .200 1775 NA – – – – NA – – .249 .249 1785 NA – – – – NA – – .310 .310 1795 NA – – – – NA – – .402 .402 1805 NA – – – – NA – – .537 .537 1815 NA – – – – NA – – .714 .714 1825 NA – – – – NA – – .960 .960 1835 NA – – – – NA – – 1.305 1.305 1845 NA – – – – NA – – 1.757 1.757 1850 0.219 – – – – 0.219 – – 2.138 2.138 1855 .421 – – – – .421 – – 2.389 2.389 1860 .518 – – 0.003 .521 – – 2.641 2.641 1865 .632 – – .010 .642 – – 2.767 2.767 1870 1.048 – – .011 1.059 – – 2.893 2.893 1875 1.440 – – .011 1.451 – – 2.872 2.872 1880 2.054 – – .096 2.150 – – 2.851 2.851 1885 2.840 0.082 .040 2.962 – – 2.683 2.683 1890 4.062 .257 .156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 1895 4.950 .147 .168 5.265 .090 2.306 2.396 1900 6.841 .252 .229 7.322 .250 2.015 2.265 1905 10.001 .372 .610 10.983 .386 1.843 2.229 1910 12.714 .540 1.007 14.261 .539 1.765 2.304 1915 13.294 .673 1.418 15.385 .659 1.688 2.347 1920 15.504 .813 2.676 18.993 .738 1.610 2.348 1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 .668 1.533 2.201 1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 .752 1.455 2.207 1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 .806 1.397 2.203 1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 .880 1.358 2.238 1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 11.261 2.703 

1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for

fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1).

NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available. • See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation

of these data series from 1949 forward. • See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," atend of section.

Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.

Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:

• 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States

1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood cons

converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per decade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the aincrease during any given decade and the average annual valyearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of thare plotted at 10-year intervals. • 1850-1945: Energy in the AElectricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 1850difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroelekilowatthour.

Appendix E
Appendix E

Note: Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presentsestimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins acentury and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union andcontinues through the decades during which the United States was still expandingterritorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption”of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist orconsisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia? The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sourcesof those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. Formost energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates ormeasurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to followsettlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that weresettled enough to have economically significant consumption even though thoseareas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well

as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become 

the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the contthough the last of the 48 States to achieve statehoLikewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but isuch as Utah and Washington (State), which weregions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: State-level historical coal consumption. The coal da1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., productio

The geographic coverage for coal was therefore baseStates listed in various historical issues of Minerals was consumed in States where it was not mined in sigBy energy source, the extent of coverage can be summ

coal-producing States by 1885. • Natural Gas—

District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Petrole

the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, bStates and the District of Columbia. Coverage for contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. • W

and the District of Columbia by 1810.

356 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
I. Introduction

This year, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has examined differentways to represent energy consumption in the Annual Energy Review (AER). This

examination centered on two methods for representing related aspects of energyconsumption and losses. The first is an alternative method for deriving the energycontent of noncombustible renewable resources, which has been implemented inAER 2010 (Table 1.3). The second is a new representation of delivered total energyand energy losses. This appendix provides an explanation of these alternative methods. Section IIprovides a background discussion of the alternatives and the reasons for consideringthese changes to the energy balance presentation. Section III identifies the specificchanges incorporated in AER 2010. 

II. BackgroundAlternative Approaches for Deriving Energy Contents forNoncombustible RenewablesEIA compiles data on most energy sources in physical units, such as barrels andcubic feet, in order to calculate total primary energy consumption. Beforeaggregation, EIA converts data for these energy sources to the common unit ofBritish thermal units (Btu), a measure that is based on the thermal conversion ofenergy resources to heat and power. Noncombustible renewables are resources from which energy is extracted withoutthe burning or combustion of a fuel. They include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar,and wind energy. Because power from noncombustible renewables is producedwithout fuel combustion, there are no set Btu conversion factors for these energysources.In the past, EIA has represented hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy consumed forelectric generation as the amount of energy it would require, on average, to producean equivalent number of kilowatthours (kWh) of electricity using fossil fuels. In thisappendix, this approach is referred to as the "fossil-fuel equivalency" approach. Forthe remaining noncombustible renewable resource, geothermal energy, energy

consumed for electricity generation has been based in converting geothermal energy to electricity. The fossil-fuel equivalency approach evolved in U.S. energy policy was reducing dependence on significant amount of electricity was generated uindicate the amount of fossil energy displaced by tfuel oil is no longer used to generate electricity international community largely uses a different conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh. In additio

geothermal generation may distort the analysis generation resource. EIA also has a desire to betefficiency. For these reasons, EIA considered threthe energy contents for noncombustible renewfossil-fuel equivalency, captured energy, and incide

Fossil-Fuel Equivalency ApproachWith this approach, EIA would continue to conversion factor to hydroelectric, solar, and wind it to geothermal energy. This approach would elimgeothermal and other noncombustibles, enable maintain the continuity of a data series with which fossil-fuel equivalency approach does not represemeasures neither primary energy consumed noAdditionally, its use will likely become increasinglto displace other renewables instead of fossil fuelsCaptured Energy ApproachWith this approach, EIA would apply the fixed fvalue of electric energy generated) to measure the electric generation for all noncombustible renewabeffectively count as primary energy only that noncis captured for economic use.EIA will use the term captured energy in referring by a noncombustible renewable energy system fenergy available for consumption after transf

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Appendix F 

Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption
renewable resource into a usable energy carrier (such as electricity) or energy that is

directly used. Another way of stating it is that captured energy is the energymeasured as the "output" of the device, such as electricity from a wind turbine orsolar plant.This approach would not require EIA to make generalized assumptions regardingthe actual conversion of these resources (wind, sunshine, falling water) intoelectricity. It would move U.S. reporting standards closer to international norms,which have been vetted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and theinternational energy statistical community through years of actual use.Additionally, this approach better shows the economically significant energytransformations in the United States because the "lost" noncombustible renewableenergy does not incur any significant economic cost (there is no market for theresource-specific energy apart from its immediate, site-specific energy conversion,

and there is no substantive opportunity cost to its continued exploitation.1) On the

other hand, this approach implies that conversion of noncombustible renewableenergy is 100-percent efficient. In other words, it implies that there is no physicalenergy loss from the conversion of noncombustible renewables to electricity. Infact, renewable energy conversion can be very inefficient (largely because of the

lack of alternative economic uses discussed above). Thus, this approach does notprovide an accurate measure of the physical consumption of energy to produceelectricity from these resources.

Incident Energy ApproachWith this approach, EIA would use actual or estimated energy efficiencies of renewableconversion technologies to determine the Btu value of the input energy used to producereported renewable generation. For example, rather than treating the electricity generatedat a solar plant as primary energy, an empirical estimate of the actual portion of solarradiation incident on the solar panel that is converted to electricity would be used. 

EIA will define "incident energy" for noncombustibgross energy that first strikes an energy conversion energy, incident energy is the mechanical, radiatiomeasurable at the "input" of the device. For wincontained in the wind that passes through the rotcontained in the sunlight that strikes the panel or collthe energy contained in the water passing through the carrying water to the turbines); and, for geothermal, tfluid at the surface of the wellbore.This approach lends itself to a view of showing ttransformations in the United States. However, few cumulative input energy because of its lack of econowould be difficult to obtain accurate estimates of effburden on survey respondents. Furthermore, this apthe energy statistics community and its use would other international statistics.Table F1 shows factors that could be used to estimprimary energy collection device of a noncombusThese factors represent energy output as a percent of efficiency of renewable generation equipment is manufacturer, although this specification may differ several reasons, including: the effects of balance-oconditions that are different than conditions that the variability in operating conditions for equipment that The efficiencies shown in this table are not estimaefficiency of the technologies indicated. Rather they efficiencies that each technology may be able to acoperating within the normal operating range for that te

358 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20101 There is an initial opportunity cost when first building such a facility: the water behind a dam might inundate land with alternative uses or a 

area that could otherwise use the sunlight. But that is a “fixed” opportunity cost that does not effectively change by normal operation of the p
Table F1. Conversion Efficiencies of Noncombustible 

 Renewable Energy Sources

 (Percent)

1 Efficiencies may vary significantly for each technology based on site-specific

technology and environmental factors. Factors shown represent engineering estimates fortypical equipment under specific operational conditions. Sources: Geothermal: Estimated by EIA on the basis of an informal survey of

relevant plants. Conventional Hydroelectric: Based on published estimates for the

efficiency of large-scale hydroelectric plants. Seehttp://www.usbr.gov/power/edu/pamphlet.pdf. Solar Photovoltaic: Based on the average

rated efficiency for a sample of commercially available modules. Rated efficiency is theconversion efficiency under standard test conditions, which represents a fixed, controlledoperating point for the equipment; efficiency can vary with temperature and the strength ofincident sunlight. Rated efficiencies are based on the direct current (DC) output of themodule; since grid-tied applications require alternating current (AC) output, efficienciesare adjusted to account for a 20 percent reduction in output when converting from DC toAC. Solar Thermal Power: Estimated by dividing the rated maximum power availablefrom the generator by the power available under standard solar conditions (1,000 W/m2)from the aperture area of solar collectors. Wind: Based on the average efficiency at ratedwind speed for a sample of commercially available wind turbines. The rated wind speed isthe minimum wind speed at which a turbine achieves its nameplate rated output understandard atmospheric conditions. Efficiency is calculated by dividing the nameplate ratedpower by the power available from the wind stream intercepted by the rotor disc at therated wind speed.

Wind 26

Solar Thermal Power 21

Solar Photovoltaic 12

Conventional Hydroelectric 90

Geothermal 16

Notional Efficiency1 Source

ConclusionAfter review of the three options, EIA has elected to follow a hybrid of the first twoapproaches for the AER 2010. The primary energy value of noncombustiblerenewables consumed for electricity generation will be measured using thefossil-fuel equivalent factor. However, this value will be reported as the sum ofcaptured energy and an "Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence," which is thedifference between the fossil-fuel equivalent value and the value obtained using the3,412 Btu/kWh factor. This adjustment value represents the energy loss that wouldhave been incurred if the electricity had been generated by fossil fuels. For solarand geothermal energy used directly, EIA will continue to use the factors currentlyemployed.

This method will not cause a change to total primasolar, or wind energy, but it will allow users to eenergy consumption from the imputed displacemenprovide backward compatibility for data users acallow for easier analysis of certain energy efficieseparate reporting of captured energy will alinternational data sets. For geothermal energy consumed to generate electrand historical values using the fossil-fuel equivale

change the following values presented in the AER of total energy (Tables 1.1 and 1.3); the consumpgeneration (Tables 8.4a and b); and the consumpt10.1 and 10.2c). 

New Representation of Delivered Total Ener

The examination of heat rates for noncombustiblalternative methods of accounting for final energy Final energy consumption differs from primary represents the amount (in terms of Btu) of energform, by an end user. For example, primary energy the heat content in the coal consumed, while final only the heat content of any coal consumed in its oof any products transformed from coal, such as elecEIA analyzed energy transformation in the Unitprocesses, some useful energy is lost in achieving form to another. The most significant losses, bgenerated from primary energy resources. Figure of accounting for energy consumption, based on energy. In the AER 2010, as in previous AERs, the electenergy-consuming sector. For each of the end-use industrial, and transportation – total energy consumenergy source consumed plus electricity retail salosses. Electrical system energy losses include tranfor fossil fuel equivalence (as discussed above)transmission and distribution losses, and unaccoallocated to the end-use demand sectors in proportelectricity sales.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
In the alternative representation (Figure F1), the electric power sector is not treated

as an energy-consuming sector but as a sector that transforms and redistributesenergy to final users. In order to better represent the amount of energy actuallyconsumed by the final user, this method eliminates the allocation of electrical systemenergy losses to consuming sectors. Electricity retail sales to each sector, asreported by energy service providers, continue to be viewed as end-useconsumption and, thus, are included in Delivered Total Energy. In Figure F1,delivered total energy represents the gross energy that enters an end-use facility(home, business, factory, and so forth). In some cases, there are conversion ortransformation processes within the facility that create additional losses before thefinal consumption of the energy, so that the net energy consumed for usefulapplication will be less than shown in the figure. For example, natural gas furnacestypically lose some amount of heat in the chimney, energy which then does not gotoward heating the building. Table F2 provides a comparison of Primary Energy Consumption and DeliveredTotal Energy by energy-use sector. Sources for Primary Energy Consumption bysector are AER Tables 5.14, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, and 10.2. Data from those tables areconverted from physical units to Btu using heat contents given in Appendix A.Sources for Delivered Total Energy are AER Tables 2.1 b through e. III. Changes to the AER 2010The major change to AER 2010 is the modification of Table 1.3 to incorporate thenew treatment of noncombustible renewable energy consumption. The value ofgeothermal energy consumption and, consequently, total primary energyconsumption is slightly lower than previously published for all years due to the useof a new geothermal conversion factor (the fossil-fuels heat rate from Table A6).See Section II of this appendix for further explanation. The sum of hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind primary consumption is nowshown as total primary energy consumption for noncombustible renewables. Thattotal includes: geothermal heat pump and direct use of geothermal energy; solarthermal direct use energy; and noncombustible resources that are transformed intoelectricity. Noncombustible resources transformed into electricity are equal toelectricity generation from all noncombustible renewables converted to Btu using

the fossil-fuels heat rate. Direct final consumption of obtained from AER Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.Total primary consumption for noncombustible reneenergy (or energy produced) and the "adjustment for total primary consumption, captured energy includedirect use of geothermal energy; solar thermnoncombustible resources that are transformed into elgeneration for all noncombustible renewables is concontent of electricity, 3,412 Btu per kWh. The "adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence" is equal primary consumption of noncombustibles in Btu (caheat rate) and captured energy. There is no adjustmassociated with direct consumption of geothermal and In order to prevent any inconsistency between data p1.3 and the AER Section 10, "Renewable Energy,individual noncombustible renewables (hydroelectriconly. In the AER 2010, total primary energnoncombustible renewables can be found in Table 10noncombustible renewable consumption componentprovided in Table F3. Table F3 shows the componenadjustment for fossil fuel equivalence (regarded as source, for 2010. The columns labeled "Transformed energy value of electricity generated from each type resource. These values are calculated by multiplying 3,412 Btu/kWh. For each noncombustible renewable, the adjustment calculated as the difference between the fossil fuel generated and the value of “Transformed into Electri

consumption is the heat either captured and used diresources or extracted by ground-source heat pump. Va10.2b. Solar/PV direct consumption includes solar tthe residential and electric power sectors. These val10.2c. Captured energy is equal to energy "tranconventional hydroelectricity and wind. For geothenergy equals the sum of direct consumption and ener

360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20102 The fossil fuel equivalent value of electricity generated is equal to electricity in kWh times the average heat content of the fossil fuel mix act

electricity for a given year. 
Figure F1. Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total Energy, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Primary Energy Consumption

by Source1

Delivered Total E

by Sector8

1 Includes electricity net imports, not shown separately.2 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum–biofuels are

included in “Renewable Energy.”

3 Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.4 Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.5 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.6 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business

is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

7 Calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses,”at end of Section 2.

8 Includes transformation losses other than electrical syste

example, see notes 9 and 10 on this page.

9 Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and 

plants.

10 Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) a

electricity-only plants.

Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to indepSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual E

1.3, 2.1b-f, 10.3, and 10.4.
1 Includes Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence. See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 

2 Includes electricity sales to each sector in addition to Primary Energy consumed in the sector.3 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial sector consumption. Includes net imports of supplemental liquids an4 Calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. 

6,841 4,175 19,984 27,425 39,579 98,004 11,791 8,711 23,267 27,451 71,220 

Total

Transportation Indust- rial Commer- cial Residen- tial Electric Total Power Transporta- tion3 Indus- trial3 Commer- cial Residen- tial 

Delivered Total Energy2 Primary Energy Consumption1

Year2010Table F2. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010

 (Quadrillion Btu)

1 Excludes pumped storage.2 Geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal heat used to generate electricity.3 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.4 Equals generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by the energy conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh.5 Equal to the difference between the fossil fuel-equivalent value of electricity and the energy content of the final consumed electricity. The fossil fuel-equiva

generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. The energy content of final consumed electricity equals generation in kilowatconversion factor of 3,412 Btu/KWh. 

6 Equal to generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. 7 Reported Btu of geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.8 Includes direct consumption of resources and resources transformed to electricity. Resources transformed to electricity are equal to generation in kilowatthours (k

heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. 

9 Residential sector direct use of solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants).

877 1,632 2,509 60 53 99 212 97 4 8 109 323 

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Total

Primary

Energy8

Adjustment

for 

Fossil

Fuel

Equivalence5

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Direct

Consumption9

Total

Primary

Energy8

Adjustment

 for 

Fossil 

Fuel

Equivalence5

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Direct

Consumption7

Total

Primary

Energy6

Adjustment

 for

 Fossil

 Fuel

Equivalence5

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Solar/PV 

Geothermal2 3

Conventional Hydroelectric

Power1

Noncombustible Renewables

Year

2010

Table F3. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010 (Trillion Btu)

362 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are

composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.

Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation applications, include thefollowing: methanol; denatured ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas

(propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived

from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel); electricity (includingelectricity from solar energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines, byrule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security

benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" doesnot include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-based fuelsused as oxygenates or extenders, i.e. MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the10-percent ethanol portion of gasohol.

Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on an alternative

fuel (e.g., compressed natural gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle

could be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively on alternativefuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel. Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as

hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage ofvolatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is lessthan 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btuper short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthraciteconsumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steamelectric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btuper short ton or less. See Coal Rank. Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sizedcoal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heatvalue ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human oterm is used in the context of global climate chanthat are the result of human activities, as well as 

activities, such as deforestation.

API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade asAPI Gravity: American Petroleum Institute mea

oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale exliquid petroleum products. The measuring scale 

API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (131.5.Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like mate

essing and containing bitumens as the predominaroad construction. It includes crude asphalt as weucts: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of empetroleum distillates blended with asphalt to m

conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per shoASTM: The American Society for Testing and MaAviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

ing or compounding into finished aviation gaso

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene)ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxyghydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixturbons with or without small quantities of additivefor use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel speSpecification D910 and Military Specification MI

ing components are not counted in data on finished 

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of inpprocess under usual operating conditions. The acapacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the m

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 

Glossary
all units at the facility under continuous operation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: 1) the capability of

downstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that

are distributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinery’s normaloperation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types andgrades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraintsassociated with refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduleddowntime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, andturnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to

such conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.

Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintainadequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability ratesthroughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas

volume.

Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils;animal fats; and recycled grease. It can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived

diesel fuel or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived fromvegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements ofASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass (plant)feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses theterm “biogenic” to refer only to organic nonfossil material of biological origin.Biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable

energy source. See Biodiesel, Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood

and Wood-Derived Fuels.Biomass Waste: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product. “Biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste frombiogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop byproducts, straw,

and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes wood and woodderived fuels (including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel, and fuel

ethanol. Note: EIA “biomass waste” data also include energy crops grown

specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often

with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in

steam-electric power generation, with substantial qupower applications in manufacturing and making most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Iless than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminomillion Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matteof bituminous coal consumed in the United States short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containin

mineral matter). See Coal Rank.

Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spedigesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. "black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnacertain basic chemicals.Breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usu

1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most ofteprocess of agglomerating iron ore.British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat ture of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenhwater has its greatest density (approximately 39 d

Content.

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting enmeasurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu c

used to convert energy data from physical units of m

feet, or short tons) into the energy-equivale

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html for furthsion factors.)Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircrafconsisting primarily of residual fuel oil and dist

kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term “interto denote the consumption of fuel for international the purposes of greenhouse gas emissions invento

combustion of international bunker fuels are subtra

totals. Historically, bunker fuels have meant only sh

Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or b(C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

and normal butane and is designated in ASTM S

Processors Association Specifications for commerci

364 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It

is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is acolorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.

Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from refinery processes.

Capacity: See Generator Capacity.

Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.

Captured Energy: The net energy available for consumption after transformation ofa noncombustible renewable resource into electricity and noncombustible renewableenergy that is directly used. For example, it is the energy measured at the “output” of aconversion device, such as electricity from a wind turbine or solar plant.Captive Coal: Coal produced to satisfy the needs of the mine owner, or of a parent,subsidiary, or other affiliate of the mine owner (for example, steel companies andelectricity generators), rather than for open market sale. See Open Market Coal.

Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas (CO2) that is a normal

part of Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as

well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infraredenergy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to thepotential for global warming. The global warming potential (GWP) of othergreenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1).Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbon dioxide by weight emittedinto the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as agiven weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents arecomputed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example,methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane).“Carbon equivalent units” are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied bythe carbon content of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those

that have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing powerof the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Priorto 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the

weights of goods and services in a single year, uU.S. Department of Commerce introduced the cmeasure is based on the average weights of goodof years. It is “chained” because the second yeabecomes the first year of the next pair. The advameasure is that it is more closely related to any givsubject to less distortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various chydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigeraharmful to the Earth’s atmosphere. City Gate: A point or measuring station at which gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transm

Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forespecially to significant change from one prevailiIn some cases, “climate change” has been used synwarming”; scientists, however, tend to use the tnatural changes in climate as well as climatic cooliCoal: A readily combustible black or brownishincluding inherent moisture, consists of more than than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous mremains that have been compacted, hardened, cphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. Se

Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.

Coal Rank: The classification of coals accordin

alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminoubased on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating valuproperties.Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in stora

Note: When coal data are collected for a particular or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has b

plant; and coal-based fuels such as briquettes, formed from fresh or recycled coal and binding maCoal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the che

coal synfuel.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an

oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbonand residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent insmelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is gray, hard, and porous andhas a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and low in hydrogen that is thefinal product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. Thisproduct is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion is 5 barrels(of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. Coke from petroleum has a heating value

of 6.024 million Btu per barrel. 

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant designed to produce both heat

and electricity from a single heat source. Note: This term is being used in place

of the term “cogenerator” that was used by EIA in the past. CHP better describesthe facilities because some of the plants included do not produce heat and powerin a sequential fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA). SeeElectricity-Only Plant.Commercial Building: A building with more than 50 percent of its floorspace used

for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to,stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals,clinics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings are included, except buildingson military bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing

facilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and

other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewagetreatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space

heating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running awide variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes generators that produce

electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the

above-mentioned commercial establishments. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral

coverage—for more information see

http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil or natural gas. If

a well is equipped to produce only crude oil or natural gas from one zone or

reservoir, the definition of a “well” (classified as a crude oil well or natural gas

well) and the definition of a “completion” are ideequipped to produce crude oil and/or natural gas s

reservoir, a “well” is not synonymous with a “comp

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas 

density that is practical as a portable fuel supply (even is not a liquid).Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelec

Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline

Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data betand another (such as between short tons and Britibarrels and gallons). (See http://www.eia.gov/http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for furfactors.) See Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Con

Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental 

power plants used to transfer heat, produced by buCooling towers are installed where there is insufficiwhere waste heat discharged into cooling water would Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hregulated under the Environmental Protection AgenAir Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the describe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutanin the regulatory regime.Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exis

underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atming through surface separating facilities. Dependinthe crude stream, it may also include: 1) small aexist in gaseous phase in natural underground atmospheric pressure after being recovered from lease separators and are subsequently commingled out being separately measured. Lease condensate natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilcrude stream is also included; 2) small amounts owith the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; ahydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sanLiquids produced at natural gas processing plantrefined to produce a wide array of petroleum oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; as

butane; and many other products used for their en

366 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil

reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first time it is removed from thelease boundary.Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port of discharge, including charges associated with purchasing, transporting, and insuring a cargo fromthe purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not include chargesincurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, anddemurrage). Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and other fees. The composite cost is the weighted average ofdomestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acquisition cost does not

include the cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.

Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, inpetroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by petroleum pipelines

and on crude oil leases.Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from one ormore crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and natural gasare classified as crude oil wells.Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natural gas contained at standard

temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard persquare inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree-daysover a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 1971–2000). The averages maybe simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm a location is over aperiod of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the basetemperature (65 degrees) from the average of the day’s high and lowtemperatures, with negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s cooling degreedays are summed to create a cooling degree-day measure for a specified referenceperiod. Cooling degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of air

conditioning energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of period of time relative to a base temperature, mdegrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed average of the day’s high and low temperatures degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. are summed to create a heating degree-day meperiod. Heating degree-days are used in energy 

heating energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating oby the population of the area in which the degreeState population-weighted degree-days, each Stnine climatically homogeneous divisions, which 

the ratio of the population of the division to thDegree-day readings for each division are mpopulation weight for each division and those arrive at the State population-weighted degree-dpopulation-weighted degree-days, the Nation regions, each comprising from three to eight Stabased on the ratio of the population of the regioNation. Degree-day readings for each region aring population weight for each region and thos

arrive at the national population-weighted degree

Demand-Side Management: The planning, imelectric utility activities designed to encourage electricity usage, including the timing and level of 

Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collect

both measured and indicated resource categoriepercent of the in-place coal in those categories aof bituminous coal and anthracite 28 or more in

minous coal 60 or more inches thick that can occfeet. Includes beds of lignite 60 or more inches 

Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that cwhich there is evidence that they could be mineRepresents that portion of the identified coal re

calculated.

Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus 

added to fuel ethanol to make it unfit for human ctured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol prvolume percent denaturant. See Fuel Ethanol and F

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural

gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils obtained in petroleum refining

operation or blends of such distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor

vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than forgasoline.Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is produced by either thesame entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support ofa service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities thathouse the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractionsproduced in conventional distillation operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel

oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highwaydiesel engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, as well as off-highwayengines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Productsknown as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating andelectricity generation.

Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processescrude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and a fractionation tower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in the

crude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuously vaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling pointmaterial. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties of the crude oil, and the product specifications.District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as an energysource in a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and ispiped into the building. District heat may be purchased from a utility or providedby a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (for

example, a hospital complex or university).

Dry Hole: An exploratory well or development well found to be incapable of

producing either crude oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as a crude oil well or natural gas well.

Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry) Production.

E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent et

gasoline.

Electric Energy: The ability of an electric current tother forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthou

Electric Non-Utility: Any entity that generates, tra

sells or trades electricity services and products, whand recovered by regulatory authority. Examples of not limited to, independent power producers, pow(both wholesale and retail), merchant transmissgeneration entities, and cogeneration firms with Q

Electric Utility. 

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime mauxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemelectric energy.Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sectonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plan

American Industry Classification System) 22 categis to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to tincludes electric utilities and independent power 

Sectors.

Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transm

and recovers the cost of its generation, transmissioperations, either directly or indirectly, through cosregulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Cogovernmental unit or the consumers that the entity sties include: investor-owned entities, public podistricts, municipalities, rural electric cooperativescies. Electric utilities may have Federal Energy Regfor interconnection agreements and wholesale tradof-service and/or market-based rates under the au

Act. See Electric Non-Utility.

Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of 

transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plElectricity: A form of energy characterized by the ptary charged particles generated by friction, induction

368 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy, or the amount

of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy; commonlyexpressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). See Electricity

Generation, Gross and Electricity Generation, Net.Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced bygenerating units and measured at the generating terminal.Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less

station use (the electric energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station

service or auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric

pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deductedfrom gross generation.Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold by electric utilities and

other energy service providers to customers purchasing electricity for their own

use and not for resale.Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere. In the context of

global climate change, they consist of radiatively important greenhouse gases

(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion).

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation

sectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors. Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doingwork (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kineticenergy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and canbe changed to another form useful for work. Most of the world’s convertibleenergy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is then used as

a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks.Electric energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is

usually measured in British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as an

input in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent directly by consumers to purchaseenergy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer times theprice per unit paid by the consumer.

Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that p

use customer.Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenotransformed to supply heat or power. Examples i

gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geo

water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.

Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major eneU.S. society developed to measure and analyzcommonly referred to in EIA are: residential, 

portation, and electric power.

Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydr

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -1extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streamEther: The family name applied to a group of organof carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and which are attached to two carbon atoms (for example, methyl t

Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flamma

produced biologically from biomass feedstocks su

losic residues from agricultural crops or wood. chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel E

Denaturant.Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorlescarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed b

isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.

Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered f

chemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petroc

chemical applications and the production of consumEurasia: The physical land mass containing the For U.S. Energy Information Administration repoof the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.Srus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, LaTajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and UzbekistanExploratory Well: A well drilled to find and proan area previously considered unproductive, to find 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
(i.e., one previously producing crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir), or to

extend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas reservoir.Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of

natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas

processing plants.Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipeline rates, and natural gas pipeline

certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Departmentof Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created byan Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It wascharged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It

was abolished on September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy wascreated. Its functions were divided between the U.S. Department of Energy and theFederal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.Financial Reporting System (FRS): The U.S. Energy Information Administration’sstatutory requirement to identify major energy-producing companies and develop and

implement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating informationfrom these companies. Companies are selected if they are within the top 50 publiclyowned U.S. crude oil producers that have at least 1 percent of either production or

reserves of crude oil, natural gas, coal, or uranium in the United States, or 1 percent

of either refining capacity or petroleum product sales in the United States.

Finished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Finished.

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price.

First Use: Manufacturing establishments’ consumption of the energy that was

originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy.

Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the ce.g., fiscal year 2002 began on October 1, 2001, and eFlared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared. Flue Gas Desulfurization: Equipment used to re

combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to to as scrubbers. Chemicals such as lime are used as scF.O.B.: See Free on Board.Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various 

specified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypation with reported wells, and (3) all new footage dwells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack welthe common bore, which is reported as footage for thold wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is thatotal depth of the old well.Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Rep

Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capitany future production of uranium from in-place re

labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxadministrative costs that are dependent upon the quapplicable as variable costs of production. Excluded expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisitioment, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, Note: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserve

differing geological settings can be aggregated anamount that can theoretically be extracted to recover oxide production under the listed forward cost categorFossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth

material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An elecprime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure heat from burning fossil fuels.

370 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydrocarbons are removed from

natural gas and separated into distinct parts, or “fractions” such as propane,

butane, and ethane.Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commodity at the port ofexportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in which the seller makes the productavailable for pick up at a specified port or terminal at a specified price and the buyerpays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of coal at thepoint of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol in the United Statesmust be anhydrous (less than 1 percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (madeunfit for human consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus orconventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in lowconcentrations with motor gasoline as an oxygenate or octane enhancer. In high

concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially designed for its

use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol

Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.

Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity of anhydrous,biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for fuel use. The quantity is obtained by

subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume. Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable energy, while denaturant is counted

as nonrenewable fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable

Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.

Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating unit at 100 percent of

its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent

by volume. See Oxygenates. Generating Unit: Any combination of physically connected generators, reactors,

boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime movers operated together to produceelectric power.Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electric energy.

Generator Capacity: The maximum output, com(MW), that generating equipment can supply to sconditions. See Generator Nameplate (Installed

Summer Capacity. Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the 

generating unit for a given period of time to thbeen produced at continuous full-power operation Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: Tgenerator, prime mover, or other electric powspecific conditions designated by the manufacturcapacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (Mnameplate physically attached to the generator.

Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximumegawatts (MW), that generating equipment can strated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summe

through September 30). This output reflects a reduuse for station service or auxiliaries.Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extract

the Earth’s crust and used for geothermal heat pu

generation.Global Warming: An increase in the near-su

Global warming has occurred in the distant past abut the term is today most often used to refer predict will occur as a result of increased anthrop

gases. See Climate Change.Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index us

tive forcing of different gases without directly c

pheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as t

that would result from the emission of one kilogfrom the emission of one kilogram of carbon diox

100 years.Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 

sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to sopaque to long-wave radiation, thus preventing leaving the Earth’s atmosphere. The net effect is and a tendency to warm the planet’s surface.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods and services produced

by labor and property located in the United States. As long as the labor andproperty are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and,for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreigncountries.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measure used toconvert nominal prices to real prices. See Chained Dollars.

Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Gross. Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals.Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils, and

other liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.

Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be released by the transformation or use of a specified physical unit of an energy form (e.g., a short ton of coal, abarrel of crude oil, a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas, or a

pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly expressed in British thermalunits (Btu). Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in terms

of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating value) or net heat content (lowerheating value), depending upon whether or not the available heat energy includes orexcludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in the original energy form or

created during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administrationtypically uses gross heat content values.Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated asBtu per kilowatthour. Note: Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat

rates, depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat ratesare typically expressed as net heat rates.Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated personsoccupying the same housing unit. “Occupy” means the housing unit was theperson’s usual or permanent place of residence.Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it iseither occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family,an individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quarters means the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in thehouse or apartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildingsor through a common hall—that is, they can get to it without going through

someone else’s living quarters. Housing units do noas prisons or nursing homes where ten or morcommon dining area used by residents is an indicaand motel rooms are considered housing units if oc

nent place of residence.Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structuvaries from the simplest (methane, a constituent of nand very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The production of electrici

falling water. See Hydroelectric Power, Conv

Pumped Storage.Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelectri

ing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped 

Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric p

peak load periods by using water previously pumped voir during off-peak periods when excess generating When additional generating capacity is needed, the wreservoir through a conduit to turbine generators loca

at a lower level.Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-mador two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hydroHFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in thHydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen with oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases, ahydrocarbons.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator, ment of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis

prices to real prices.Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and 

U.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countrIndependent Power Producer: A corporation, perslegal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates electricity for use primarily by the public, and that i

pendent power producers are included in the electric p

372 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Indicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estimates of the coal rank, quality,

and quantity are based partly on sample analyses and measurements and partlyon reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partlyfrom specified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for areasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observationare 1⁄2 to 11⁄2 miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a 1⁄2-mile-widebelt that lies more than 1⁄4 mile from the outcrop or points of observation or

measurement.

Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and

equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrialsector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICScodes 31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11);mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heatand cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw materialinputs to manufactured products. Note: This sector includes generators that

produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the

above-mentioned industrial activities. Various EIA programs differ in sectoralcoverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Isobutane: See Butane. 

Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation

of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines. See Jet Fuel,

Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and afinal maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting ASTM Specification 1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (GradesJP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraft

engines.

Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range, with anaverage gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperature of290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L(Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft

engines because it has a lower freeze point than engine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.

Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is useand water heaters and is suitable for use as a ligfed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillatiFahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash poIncluded are No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades D3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene called rerties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, 

Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene

Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricit

energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) 

One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. S

Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.

Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well

as natural gas used in drilling operations, heaterssors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plaLease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarilcarbons which is recovered as a liquid from natuties. This category excludes natural gas planpropane, which are recovered at downstream natuties. Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred 

exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generaa high inherent moisture content, sometimes as higof lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per shorfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basmoisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (prliquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 de

pressure.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon-based gases derived

from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation. They include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene. For convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied through

pressurization.

Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied petroleum gases fractionated from

refinery or still gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retained

in the liquid state. The reported categories are ethane/ethylene,

propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Excludes still gas.

Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear generating unit’s initial

fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. The maximumlevel of operation during that period is 5 percent of the unit’s design thermal rating.

Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces orincorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacture ofother products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may

be produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades of

lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.

Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector that

consists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical,chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or componentsinto new products. Assembly of component parts of products is included, exceptfor that which is included in construction.Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Gas Marketed Production.Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the coal rank,quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than20 percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced andgeologically well known sample sites. Measured resources are computed fromdimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. Thepoints of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the thicknessand extent of coals are so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accuratewithin 20 percent. Although the spacing of the point of observation necessary todemonstrate continuity of the coal differs from region to region, according to thecharacter of the coalbeds, the points of observation are no greater than 1⁄2 mileapart. Measured coal is projected to extend as a belt 1⁄4 mile wide from the

outcrop or points of observation or measurement.

Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydroc

major component of natural gas. It is also an importa

ous industrial processes.Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible 

See Oxygenates.Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ethe

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates. Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished pfied elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube rextracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petnatural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing 

components and oxygenates as required, to produ

Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed with components or oxygenates, resulting in increased voline and/or changes in the formulation of finished motmotor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce oxygeMotor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphth

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used fofinished motor gasoline. These components include re

for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenaand pentanes plus. Note: Oxygenates are reported as included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogenMotor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor 

oxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline cate

excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygeas other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline regular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor Gasoline GMotor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of re

with or without small quantities of additives, blended in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASFederal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized 122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent rdegrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery poinconventional motor gasoline, all types of oxygena

gasohol, and reformulated motor gasoline, but excl

Volumetric data on motor gasoline blending compo

374 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending components

are blended into the gasoline.Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by octane ratings. Eachtype of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, and reformulated; leaded orunleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note:

Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification atthe time of sale. In general, automotive octane requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky MountainStates, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be 2 or more octane pointslower.

Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,

greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88. Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane

rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90. Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,

greater than 90.

Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by

weight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to besold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas.

Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated

gasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending(RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and isintended for sale inside CO nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated gasoline. Other data on gasohol (for use outside of nonattainment areas) areincluded in data on conventional gasoline.Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline formulated for use in

motor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meet the requirementsof the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. It includes gasoline produced to meet or exceed emissions performance and benzene contentstandards of federal-program reformulated gasoline even though the gasolinemay not meet all of the composition requirements (e.g. oxygen content) offederal-program reformulated gasoline. Note: This category includes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG). Reformulated gasolineexcludes reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) and gasoline

treated as blendstock (GTAB).

MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.

NAICS: See North American Industry Classific

Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleu

boiling range between 122 and 400 degrees FahrenNaphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-

Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbane, used as a fuel for electricity generation 

buildings, and as raw material input and fuel for i

Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains 

carbon portion has been removed from the gas sand/or plant separation); and 2) any volumes o

been removed where they occur in sufficient quaable. Note: Dry natural gas is also known as cparameters for measurement are cubic feet at 6

pounds per square inch absolute.

Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of pgas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is reduction (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes 1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling, rconservation operations; and 2) vented natural gas ing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate 

Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage rof production. Dry natural gas production equals tion less extraction loss.Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flar

essing plants.Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stregas, excluding lease condensate separated at the leNatural Gas Liquids (NGL): Those hydrocarb

rated from the gas as liquids through the proceadsorption, or other methods in gas processing oliquids consist of propane and heavier hydrocarto as lease condensate, natural gasoline, and liq

gas liquids include natural gas plant liquid

butane, and isobutane) and lease condensate (p

natural gas at lease separators and field facilities).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Natural gas gross withdrawals from production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases

removed in treating or processing operations; and quantities of vented natural gas and

flared natural gas. Includes all quantities of natural gas used in field and processingoperations.Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with such equipmentas valves, compressor stations, communications systems, and meters, for transporting natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fuels from one point toanother, usually from a point in or beyond the producing field or processing plantto another pipeline or to points of utilization. Also refers to a company operating

such facilities.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that

are separated as liquids at natural gas processing plants, fractionating and cyclingplants, and, in some instances, field facilities. Lease condensate is excluded.

Products obtained include ethane; liquefied petroleum gases (propane, butanes,

propane-butane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures); isopentane; and other small

quantities of finished products, such as motor gasoline, special naphthas, jetfuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. See Natural Gas Liquids. 

Natural Gas Processing Plant: A surface installation designed to separate andrecover natural gas liquids from a stream of produced natural gas through the

processes of condensation, absorption, refrigeration, or other methods, and tocontrol the quality of natural gas marketed or returned to oil or gas reservoirs forpressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into the air on the production site or at

processing plants.Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas from one ormore natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing both crude oil and natural

gas are classified as crude oil wells.)Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas calculated by dividing the total

reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by theappropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance,and similar charges.

Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and heavier)

extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includes

isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydro

tion of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pe

NERC: See North American Electric Reliability CNet Electricity Generation: See Electricity GeneraNet Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summe

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equaArabia under a 1992 agreement. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Compounds of nitrogen and 

ing of fossil fuels.

Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominNominal Price: The price paid for a product otransaction. Nominal prices are those that have not effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollathe year in which the transaction occurred.Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological odiscarded product. “Non-biomass waste” includes mubiogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fueNoncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or msystems that do not occur in the same time interval. Mof loads within a limited period of time, such as day, wing season, and usually for not more than 1 year.Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gavoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydr

Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily 

crude oil, natural gas, and coal.Normal Butane: See Butane. North American Electric Reliability Corporation ration formed in 2006 as the successor to the Nortity Council established to develop and maintain mfor the bulk electric system, with the fundamenimproving the reliability of that system. NERC centities covering the interconnected power regio

376 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
States, Canada, and Mexico. See the NERC regions at

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/fig02.html.North American Industry Classification System (NAICS): A classificationscheme, developed by the Office of Management and Budget to replace the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System, that categorizes establishments according to the types of production processes they primarily use.Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity generated by the use of thethermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multi-unit facility in which heatproduced in one or more reactors by the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to driveone or more steam turbines.Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission chain reaction can beinitiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate. A reactor includes fuel(fissionable material), moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel,a system to conduct heat away from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring

and controlling the reactor's systems.Octane Rating: A number used to indicate gasoline's antiknock performance inmotor vehicle engines. The two recognized laboratory engine test methods for determining the antiknock rating, i.e., octane rating, of gasolines are the Researchmethod and the Motor method. To provide a single number as guidance to theconsumer, the antiknock index (R + M)/2, which is the average of the Research andMotor octane numbers, was developed.OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, the

coastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portion of the coast thatis in direct contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward limit ofinland water. If a State agency uses a different basis for classifying onshore and

offshore areas, the State classification is used (e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined as the Chapman Line, as

modified by subsequent adjudication).

Oil: See Crude Oil.OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open marother than the reporting company's parent company parent company. See Captive Coal.Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a completed low-power testing and is in possession issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in onries at the beginning of a given year: in operationactive repair, but capable of being placed into op

operation, but under active repair that could be co

Operating Income: Operating revenues less operother revenue and expense, such as equity in earndividends, interest income and expense, income cumulative effect of accounting changes.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Dnational organization helping governments tackle ance challenges of a globalized economy. Its mmember countries. With active relationships with governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil sodetails about the organization, see http://www.oecdOrganization of the Petroleum Exporting Coun

mental organization whose stated objective is to leum policies of member countries." It was creatSeptember 10–14, 1960. Current members (witAlgeria (1969–present), Angola (2007–presen2007–present), Iran (1960–present), Iraq (1960–pLibya (1962–present), Nigeria (1971–present), Qa(1960–present), United Arab Emirates (1(1960–present). Countries no longer memb(1975–1994) and Indonesia (1962–2008).Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoli

Oxygenates: Substances which, when added t

amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethan(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and 

ates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally in the

stratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and amajor component of photochemical smog.PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were originally instituted foreconomic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW)

Districts, which were established in 1942.

Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustiongases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectorsinclude electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones, fabric filters[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.Peak Kilowatt: Thousand peak watts.

Peak Watt: A manufacturer's unit indicating the amount of power a photovoltaiccell or module will produce at standard test conditions (normally 1,000 watts per

square meter and 25 degrees Celsius). Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted

from natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gasoline, and plant condensate.

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one ortwo carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, containing no chlorine. PFCs haveno commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct of aluminum smelting and semiconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100-year global warming potentials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.

Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.

Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included arecrude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the

processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of finished

petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compounds, such as additives anddetergents, after they have been blended into the products. Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.

Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplied (Petroleum). 

Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto 

other U.S. territories and possessions. Included aPetroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bondconsumption, offshore bunker use, and military u

foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and iForeign Trade Zones.Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines 

petroleum products, respectively (including interstatpipelines), within the 50 States and the District of ColPetroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtcrude oil (including lease condensate), natural compounds. Petroleum products include unfinishe

gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gas

kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel chemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubrican

asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous petrol

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleare held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in tproduct retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual prplants are excluded from individual product estimaoil estimates and total.Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity ge

solid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of indesigned to deliver a selected level of working volterminals, packaged for protection against environmeincorporation in photovoltaic power systems.Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the operacompressors.Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquidshydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids abers in processing plants.

378 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical

energy balance, before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms ofenergy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic gas, which can be

converted to electricity; in this example, coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is

secondary energy, and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy Production and Primary Energy Consumption.

Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary energy. (Energy

sources that are produced from other energy sources—e.g., coal coke from

coal—are included in primary energy consumption only if their energy content hasnot already been included as part of the original energy source. Thus, U.S. primaryenergy consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the coal cokeproduced from domestic coal.) The U.S. Energy Information Administrationincludes the following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption;coal coke net imports; petroleum consumption (petroleum products supplied,

including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel); dry natural

gas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—consumption; nuclear electricity

net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rates); conventional

hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heatrates); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat rates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct useenergy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted toBtu using the fossil-fuels heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; windelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates); woodand wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel ethanol

and biodiesel consumption; losses and co-products from the production of fuelethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). See Total Energy

Consumption.

Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The U.S. Energy

Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and

lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural

gas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—production; nuclear electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rates); conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates);

geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heatrates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy; solarthermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates); wood and wood-derived fuelsconsumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.

Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water w

drives an electric generator; or, for reporting p

energy to electricity directly. 

Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acqu

tation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operations

Processing Gain: The volumetric amount by winput for a given period of time. This difference ioil into petroleum products which, in total, have crude oil processed.

Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by whicinput for a given period of time. This difference ioil into petroleum products which, in total, have 

crude oil processed.Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximat

petroleum products because it measures the d

from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural g

plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In generaluct in any given period is computed as followsproduction, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for ccalculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock 

minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.

Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hyd

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It incASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processorcommercial propane and HD-5 propane.Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) reco

petrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated qucrude oil that geological and engineering dacertainty to be recoverable in future years from economic and operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volum

to be recovered in future years in conjunction 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
reserves of natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.

Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas that analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to be

recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic andoperating conditions.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids(including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable

in the future from proved natural gas reserves, under existing economic and operating conditions.

Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the

purchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant

dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. See Chained Dollars.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost.Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blendingcomponents processed at refineries, or blended at refineries or petroleum storageterminals to produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross inputs of

crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen,

oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including fuel ethanol).Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils, motor gasoline blending components, and aviation gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated as

gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net inputs indicate gross inputs areless than gross production. Examples of negative net inputs include reformulatedgasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals, and unfinished oils produced and added to inventoryin advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil distillation unit.Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery gases, and finishedpetroleum products produced at a refinery or petroleum storage terminalblending facility. Net production equals gross production minus gross inputs.Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for afinished petroleum product. Examples of negative net production include reclassification of one finished product to another finished product, or reclassification

of a finished product to unfinished oils or blending components.

Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufact

ucts from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liq

alcohol.Reformulated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasolin

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bation. Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refu

by that process. The resulting product has been cleanof noncombustible materials.Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources ble (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finof energy include conventional hydroelectric pow

and biomass.Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel 

other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gliquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from so

or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determinepetroleum and would yield substantial energy securit

ronmental benefits.Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil 

effect greater ultimate recovery. Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector tha

private households. Common uses of energy assocspace heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighti

running a variety of other appliances. The residentiliving quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in 

explanation see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitEnd-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as Nremain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hyd

in refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM SpeciFederal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual is also known as Navy Special and is define

380 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
MIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used in

steam-powered vessels in government service and inshore electric powerplants. No. 6 fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for electricity

generation, space heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes. 

Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil, used as adust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally

produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.

Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tubeattached to a bit for boring holes through rock.Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royaltycontract.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.

Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation andconvert it to thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat

collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored forlater use. Solar collectors are used for space heating, domestic hot water

heating, and heating swimming pools, hot tubs, or spas.

Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that can be converted into

other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.Space Heating: The use of energy to generate heat for warmth in housing units

using space-heating equipment. The equipment could be the main space-heating

equipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use ofenergy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that giveoff heat as a byproduct.Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum products within the naphtha boiling

range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents. Those products arerefined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexaneand cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications D1836 and D484,respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed as motor gasoline or aviation

gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical feedstocks or synthetic naturalgas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.

Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an innent of waste materials used as fuel.Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.

Spot Price: The price for a one-time open marke

ery of the specific quantity of product at a specific purchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an energy consumed for plant lighting, power, and whether the energy is produced at the plant or comSteam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power 

is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbfossil fuels are burned.

Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other prents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normapropylene, etc. Still gas is used as a refinery f

stock. The conversion factor is 6 million Btu per 

Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future us

Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum Government for use during periods of major supply Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties 

those of bituminous coal and used primarily ageneration. It may be dull, dark brown to blackend of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 perceThe heat content of subbituminous coal ranges 

short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. nous coal consumed in the United States averageton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing bot

matter). See Coal Rank.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorle

and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in pa

as a solvent.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, and

slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielectric in electronics. It possesses the

highest 100-year global warming potential of any gas (23,900).

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance introduced into or commingled with natural gas that increases the volume available for disposition. Suchsubstances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke-oven

gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added for Btu stabilization.

Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas.) Amanufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resultingfrom the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that may easily be substitutedfor or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data between physicalunits of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) and thermal units of

measure (such as British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for convertingdata between different thermal units of measure. See Btu Coversion Factor.

Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-usesectors, plus electricity retail sales and electrical system energy losses.

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all vehicleswhose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physicallocation to another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains,

subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterbornevehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., constructioncranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse tractors and forklifts) areclassified in the sector of their primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ insectoral coverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm. See End-Use Sectorsand Energy-Use Sectors.Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between thecalculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated

supply is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oilstocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input to

refineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.

Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differences between the sum of thecomponents of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gasdisposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects ofdata reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the netresult of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperatures and pressure

bases and converted to a standard temperature and variations in company accounting and billing practiing cycle and calendar-period time frames; and im

merger of data reporting systems that vary in scope

of respondents.

Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sunatural gas that has been transferred from its origiusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoiral gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an im

Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, y

mated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processinmechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced band include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and 

and residuum.Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated n

excluding those in plant condensate. This product is e

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A po

constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, TajikisUzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of DecembeUnited States: The 50 States and the District of Colu

has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number oentities outside the 50 States and the District of Colthe U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, JoWake Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIdata from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals. Fowill contain notes explaining the extent of geographiterm "United States."Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic etwo principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 ais indispensable to the nuclear industry because it inature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable b238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, wmal neutrons. 

382 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling of

uranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct of

phosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that canbe mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 (uranium oxide) per

ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8

Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8.

Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories of uranium resources defined bythe international community to reflect differing levels of confidence in the existenceof the resources. Reasonably assured resources (RAR), estimated additional resources(EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described below.

Reasonably assured resources (RAR): Uranium that occurs in known

mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could berecovered within the given production cost ranges, with currently provenmining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade arebased on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and onknowledge of deposit characteristics. Note: RAR corresponds to DOE’s

uranium reserves category.Estimated additional resources (EAR): Uranium in addition to RAR that

is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, in little-explored deposits, and in undiscovered deposits believed to exist along well-defined geological trendswith known deposits. This uranium can subsequently be recovered withinthe given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics, asdetermined in the best-known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits.Note: EAR corresponds to DOE’s probable potential resources category. Speculative resources (SR): Uranium in addition to EAR that is thoughtto exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable with existing exploration techniques. Thelocation of deposits in this category can generally be specified only asbeing somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The estimatesin this category are less reliable than estimates of RAR and EAR. Note:

SR corresponds to the combination of DOE’s possible potential resourcesand speculative potential resources categories.

Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combinedheat-and-power system for use in any industrial or commercial process,

heating or cooling application, or delivered to energy made available for processes and applications 

U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, aing vessels operated by oil companies. Exclude

Armed Forces.

Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass WWaste Coal: Usable material that is a byprod

operations. Waste coal is usually composed of mwaste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in uncontors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially cneous noncombustible constituents. Examples ocoal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, a

and lignite waste.

Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to onvolt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measupplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadiWax: A solid or semi-solid material at 77 de

mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived 

through a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in whiseries predominates. This includes all marketable with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between enheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpcrude oil or natural gas; or (2) producing servcrude oil or natural gas. See Completion (Crud

Crude Oil Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, 

Gas Well.

Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/

Following historical precedent, the volume and plabeled as “wellhead,” even though the cost and vo

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010 
at the lease boundary. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term “wellhead”

is the generic term used to reference the production site or lease property. Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at the mouth of the well.

See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.

Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment generally used for downhole services after a well is drilled. Services include well completions and recompletions,maintenance, repairs, workovers, and well plugging and abandonments. Jobs rangefrom minor operations, such as pulling the rods and rod pumps out of a crude oil

well, to major workovers, such as milling out and repairing collapsed casing. Welldepth and characteristics determine the type of equipment used.Western Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Macedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,

Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and theUnited Kingdom.

Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind mo

mechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and electWood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and produused as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), lsawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, rai

liquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, a

liquids.Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir thor base gas. It may or may not be completely withdradrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total wo

more than once during any season.

Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate that 

and texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 

oxide) by weight. It is used as feedstock for uran

pellet fabrication.

384 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
Annual Energy Review

Long-term his tor i cal data on U.S. en ergy pro duc tion, con sump tion,

stocks, trade, and prices. In cludes an over view of U.S. en ergy and

de tailed chap ters on en ergy con sump tion, ma jor fu els, fi nan cial in -

di ca tors, en ergy re sources, in ter na tional en ergy data, and en vi ron -

men tal in di ca tors. Most se ries be gin in 1949.

www.eia.gov/aer

Petroleum Supply Annual

In for ma tion on the sup ply and dis po si tion of crude oil and pe tro -

leum prod ucts. Vol ume 1 con tains sum mary and de tailed sta tis tics, 

in clud ing trade, stocks, and re fin ery data. Vol ume 2 con tains fi nal

monthly sta tis tics for the an nual data pre sented in Vol ume 1.

www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/

psa_volume1/psa_volume1.html

Petroleum Marketing Annual

In for ma tion on vol umes and prices of crude oils and re fined pe tro -

leum prod ucts, in clud ing mo tor gas o line, dis til late fuel oil, re sid ual

fuel oil, avi a tion fuel, ker o sene, and pro pane.

www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/

pma.html

Natural Gas Annual

Re view of U.S. nat u ral gas ac tiv i ties, in clud ing pro duc tion, con sump -

tion, prices, move ments, and storage. Sum mary data are pre -

sented by State and at the na tional level.

www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_annual/nga.html

Annual Coal Report

Re view of U.S. coal pro duc tion; num ber of mines; prices; re cov -

er able re serves; em ploy ment; pro duc tiv ity; pro duc tive ca pac -

ity; con sump tion by sec tor; and stocks. Data are avail able at the

State level.

www.eia.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_sum.html

Electric Power Annual

Re view of U.S. elec tric power in dus try, in clud ing gen er a tion;

generating ca pac ity; de mand, ca pac ity re sources, and ca -

pac ity mar gins; fuel con sump tion, stocks, re ceipts, cost, and

quality; emis sions; trade; re tail cus tom ers, sales, rev e nue, and

av er age re tail prices; rev e nue and ex pense sta tis tics; and de -

mand-side man age ment.

www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html

Renewable Energy Annual

Four re ports: Re new able En ergy Trends; So lar Ther mal and Pho -

to vol taic Col lec tor Man u fac turing Ac tiv ities; Sur vey of Geo ther -

mal Heat Pump Ship ments; and Green Pricing and Net Me tering

Pro grams.

www.eia.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/rea_data/rea_sum.htmll

Ura nium Marketing Annual Report

Review of U.S. ura nium in dus try ac tiv i ties re lat ing to ura nium raw

ma te ri als and ura nium mar ket ing. Data for the most re cent sur -

vey year and in dus try’s plans and com mit ments for the

near-term fu ture.

www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/umar/umar.html

Annual Historical Data Reports

from the U.S. Energy Information Administration

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces a variety of annual statistical reports on major energy resources and industry activities. Included are:

For more in for ma tion about these and other EIA prod ucts, con tact the Office of Communications at 202–586–8800 or infoctr@eia.gov.