The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's

(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, databegin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financialand environment indicators; and data unit conversions.Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department ofEnergy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilitiesgiven to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:

“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,comprehensive, and unified energy data and information programwhich will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data

and information....”

The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readersregarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.

Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, and 1966-1969) are not shown on the tables inthe printed report or the Portable Document Formats (PDF) files; however, allyears of data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperText Markup Language(HTML) files.Comprehensive Changes: Most AER 2008 tables and figures carry a newyear of data (usually 2008), which are often preliminary and likely to be revisednext year, and revisions to much of the 2007 data, which are now final in manycases.Monthly Data: The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analystsmay wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIA’s monthly releasesthat offer updates to the most recent years’ data. In particular, see the MonthlyEnergy Review at http://www.eia.doe.gov/mer for statistics that include updates tomany of the annual series in this report.

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Annual Energy Review 200

June 2009

Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical andanalytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be

attributed to the Energy Information Administration and should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy of the Department of Energy or any other organization.

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Integ

Domestic Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Katherine E. Seiferlein, 202-586-5695 (kitty.seiferlein@eia.doe.gov). Questions abe referred to Ray Boyer, 202-586-1680 (ray.boyer@eia.doe.gov), the National Energy Information Center, 202-586-8800 (infoctr@subject specialists:

1. Energy Overview....................................... Ray Boyer ray.boyer@eia.doe.gov 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey................ Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.doe.gov Residential Energy Consumption Survey................... James Berry james.berry@eia.doe.gov 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.......... Joelle Michaels joelle.michaels@eia.doe.gov 

3. Financial Indicators

Financial Reporting System............................. Robert Schmitt robert.schmitt@eia.doe.gov 

4. Energy Resources

Petroleum and Natural Gas.............................. Robert F. King robert.king@eia.doe.gov Coal................................................ George Warholic george.warholic@eia.doe.gov Uranium............................................ Douglas C. Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.doe.gov 

5. Petroleum............................................. Matthew Breslin matt.breslin@eia.doe.gov 

Prices.............................................. Marlana Anderson marlana.anderson@eia.doe.gov 

6. Natural Gas........................................... Joseph Conklin joseph.conklin@eia.doe.gov 

7. Coal.................................................. Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.doe.gov 

8. Electricity............................................. Channele Wirman channele.wirman@eia.doe.gov 9. Nuclear Energy........................................ John R. Moens john.moens@eia.doe.gov 

10. Renewable Energy...................................... Louise Guey-Lee louise.guey-lee@eia.doe.gov 11. International Energy.................................... Michael J. Grillot michael.grillot@eia.doe.gov 12. Environmental Indicators

Greenhouse Gases..................................... Stephen E. Calopedis stephen.calopedis@eia.doe.gov 

Environmental Equipment.............................. Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.doe.gov 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Contacts

On August 1, 2009, after nearly 40 years of Federal government service, Katherine E. (Kitty) Seiferlein will retire. Kit

the driving force behind the Annual Energy Review for 30 years. Kitty’s determination to provide timely, useful, an

data to our customers while working cooperatively with her team and others in EIA is reflected in her receipt of the 2008 Administrator’s Award for Special Achievement. She leaves with our best wishes for a long and happy life in reti

The Annual Energy Review 2008 (AER) provides comprehensive energy data

extending over nearly six decades. The long perspective allows energy analysts toevaluate events in today’s energy markets against the backdrop of history. While a long-term perspective is vital to understanding the energy history of theUnited States, a big-picture view of the current situation is imperative as well—evenwhen developed from preliminary data. For that purpose, we have incorporatedFigure 2.0, “Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008,” into thisyear’s report (see page 37) to offer another way to examine the Nation’s primaryenergy resources (petroleum, natural gas, coal, renewable energy, and nuclear electric power) as they are used by the demand sectors of the economy.

Figure 2.0 illustrates that in 2008, petroleum and natural gas supplied most of theNation’s energy, followed by coal, nuclear electric power, and renewable energy.Among the demand sectors, the electric power sector used the largest share of thetotal primary energy supply, followed by the transportation, industrial, and residential and commercial sectors. Primary forms of energy vary widely in their appropriateness for end use. In 2008,71 percent of all petroleum consumed in the United States was used to meet transportation requirements; 23 percent went to the industrial sector; 5 percent to theresidential and commercial sector; and only 1 percent to generate electricity. Natural gas was evenly used by the industrial sector and the residential and commercialsector (34 percent each); 29 percent to generate electricity; and just 3 percent fortransportation purposes. Coal was predominantly used to generate electricity—91percent of the resource—with most of the remaining supply used for industrialpurposes. Just over half (51 percent) of all renewable energy was used to generateelectricity; 28 percent went into industrial processes; 11 percent for transportationuses, and 10 percent to the residential and commercial sector. All of the Nation’snuclear electric power supplied the electric power sector.From the demand-sector point of view, the transportation sector’s total requirementwas met largely by petroleum, which accounted for 95 percent of the sector’s totalsupply; renewable energy resources supplied 3 percent, and natural gas accountedfor the remaining 2 percent. The industrial sector’s needs were met 42 percent by

petroleum, 40 percent by natural gas, 10 percent by by coal. The residential and commercial sector gas—76 percent of the sector’s total requirements—form of heating oil), 7 percent renewable energy, power sector’s total supply was met 51 percent frtric power, 17 percent natural gas, 9 percent renepetroleum.Electricity—a marvel of clean, readily available, aform of energy. That is, it is created by the consenergy. Electricity is vital to nearly every facet oextensively in the residential and commercial sesupply and demand of primary energy only; totaand commercial, industrial, and transportation energy used by each sector plus that sector’s sharto the electric power sector to generate the electrithe sector. For a full accounting of energy consuming each sector’s share of electricity and the accrued from the generation of the electricity, isupply point to transformation sites, and its distriTables 2.1a-f in Section 2, “Energy Consumption bThe integrated tables and figures for production, report do not include uranium as a primary energy consumption, nuclear-generated electricity is inequivalent energy content.The more recent data in this report are more likely releases by the Energy Information Administratavailable. This is particularly true of the 2008 dEnergy Review (http://www.eia.doe.gov/mer) is tmost current data for many of the series in the AERThe AER, including complete time series supportinable on the EIA website at: http://www.eia.doe.go

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Preface

Contents

Energy Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sections

1. Energy Overview...........................................................................................2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Environmental Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendices

A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

E. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow Diagrams

Energy Flow, 2008..........................................................................................Petroleum Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Natural Gas Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Coal Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008........................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008..............................................

1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008............................................

1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2007, and 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables viii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2007. . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1

4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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5. Petroleum—Continued

5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables x Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
8. Electricity—Continued

8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . 

8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . 

 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . .  8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . 

8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . 

 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2008. . . . . . 

8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-208.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 19898.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables 

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10. Renewable Energy—Continued

10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1997-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1997-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1997-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-200712.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2012.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors

 A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables xii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors—Continued

A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator

D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945

E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
1. Energy Overview

1.0 Energy Flow, 2008....................................................................................1.1 Primary Energy Overview..............................................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source.....................................................................1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source...................................................................1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2007, and 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.4 Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxiv Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2007. . . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.0 Petroleum Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
5. Petroleum—Continued

5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.0 Coal Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.7 Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 7.8 Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8. Electricity

8.0 Electricity Flow, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxvi Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
8. Electricity—Continued

8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 

8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.3 Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.4 Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
11. International Energy—Continued

11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.14 World Coal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Division

 C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxviii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Energy Information Administra

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s whenenergy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point,

the Nation began to import more energy to fill the gap. In 2008, net importedenergy accounted for 26 percent of all energy consumed.

Figure 1. Primary Energy Overview

Ove

Exports

Production

Imports

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Thousand Btu per Chained (2000) Dolla Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product

After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar’s worth ofthe Nation’s output of goods and services trended down. The declineresulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the economy. The level in 2008 was 53 percent below that of 1970.

8.52 in 2008

Figure 3. Energy Consumption per Real Dollar1 of Gross Domestic Product

Thousand Btu

per Chained (2000) Dollar1 1 See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

17.99 in 1970
xx Energy Information Administratio

Consumption 

1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source Figure 5. Primary Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2008

2010 2015 2020 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 6. Energy Consumption History and Outlook

1 Petroleum-derived fuels and non-petroleum-derived fuels, such as fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and coal-based synth2 Includes net imports of coal coke.

Figure 6. Energy Consumption Outlook, 2009-2030

Natural Gas

Liquid Fuels1

Coal2

Nuclear Electric Power

Non-Hydroelectric

Renewable Energy
Energy Information Administra

Consumptio

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use

All four major economic sectors of the economy recorded tremendous

growth in their use of energy. The industrial sector used the biggest share of

total energy and showed the greatest volatility; in particular, steep dropsoccurred in the sector in 1975, 1980-1982, 2001, 2005, and 2008 largely in

response to high oil prices and economic slowdown. 

Figure 1. Energy Overview Figure 7. Total Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector

Transportation

Commercial Residential

Coal, once the predominant form of energy in the industrial sector, gave wayto natural gas and petroleum in the late 1950s. Both natural gas and petroleum use expanded rapidly until the early 1970s, and then fluctuated widelyover the following decades. Use of electricity and biomass trended upward.

1 Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption

Losses1

Figure 9. Industrial Total Energy Consumption, Major Sources

Petroleum

Electricity

Natural Gas

Industrial

Coal

Biomass
xxii Energy Information Administratio

Production 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source

Most energy produced in the United States came from fossil fuels—coal,natural gas, and crude oil. Coal, the leading source at the middle of the 20thcentury, was surpassed by crude oil and then by natural gas. By the mid1980s, coal again became the leading energy source produced in the UnitedStates, and crude oil declined sharply. In the 1970s, electricity producedfrom nuclear fuel began to make a significant contribution and expandedrapidly in the following decades.

Natural Gas

Figure 11. Primary Energy Production by Major Source

Crude Oil

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Biomass

NGPL1

Hydroelectric

Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.
Energy Information Administra

Petroleum Overview an

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

When U.S. petroleum production peaked at 11.3 million barrels per day in1970, net imports stood at 3.2 million barrels per day. By 1996, net importsexceeded production. In 2008, production was 6.7 million barrels per day,and net imports were 11.0 million barrels per day.Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

Net Imports

Production 2

Consumption1

The amount of crude oil produced per day per well rose sharply in the 1960sand reached a peak of 18.6 barrels per day per well in 1972. After 1972,productivity generally declined. The 2008 rate of 9.4 barrels per day per wellwas 49 percent below the peak and the lowest level since the Energy Information Administration began reporting oil well productivity.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity

9.4

 in 2008

Peak: 18.6

in 1972
xxiv Energy Information Administratio

Petroleum Consum

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Transportation was the largest consuming sector of petroleum and the oneshowing the greatest expansion. In 2008, 13.7 million barrels per day ofpetroleum products were consumed for transportation purposes, accountingfor 70 percent of all petroleum used.Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption1 by Sector

Residential and Commercial

Industrial

Electric Power2

Transportation

Unadjusted for inflation (nominal dollars), the refiner acquisition composite(domestic and foreign) cost of crude oil reached $35.24 per barrel in 1981.Over the years that followed, the price fell dramatically to a low of $12.52 perbarrel in 1998 before rising again. The preliminary nominal price reported for2008 was $94.73 per barrel, a new peak level and up 39 percent over the2007 price.

1 Composite of domestic and imported crude oil. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by

using gross domestic product implicit price deflator. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1 Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1

Nominal

Real2
Energy Information Administra

Petroleu

U.S. crude oil imports grew rapidly from mid-20th century until the late 1970s,

but fell sharply from 1979 to 1985 due to conservation efforts and improvedefficiency. After 1985, the upward trend resumed and stood at 9.8 millionbarrels per day in 2008. Petroleum product imports were 3.1 million barrelsper day in 2008. Exports totaled 1.8 million barrels per day in 2008, mainlyin the form of petroleum coke and residual fuel oil.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 22. Petroleum Trade Figure 22. Petroleum Trade

Crude Oil Imports

Petroleum

Product Imports

Exports

Among OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria—nations

from three different continents—were key suppliers of petroleum to the U.S.market. Each experienced wide fluctuation in the amount of petroleum it

sold to the United States over the decades. In 2008, 0.6 million barrels per

day of petroleum came into the United States from Iraq.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 24. Petroleum Imports From Selected OPEC Countries Figure 24. Imports From Selected OPEC Countries

Saudi Arabia

Nigeria

Venezuela

Iraq

Note: OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
xxvi Energy Information Administratio

Petroleu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Barrels

Through 1983, the Nation held most of its petroleum storage in the form ofproducts, which were ready for the market. After 1983, most petroleum instorage was in the form of crude oil (including that held by the government inthe Strategic Petroleum Reserve) that still needed to be refined into usableend products. At the end of 2008, petroleum stocks totaled 1.7 billionbarrels, 59 percent crude oil and 41 percent products.Figure 26. Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

Petroleum

Products

Crude Oil1

1 Includes crude oil and lease condensate stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

1 Imported by the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) and imported by others for the SPR.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for SPR1

Most crude oil in the SPR was imported and came in during the early 1980s.In fact, from 1991 through 1997, only 14 million barrels were imported for thereserve, and in 3 of those years, no oil at all was imported for the reserve.SPR imports picked up again after 1997, and stored another 159 millionbarrels from 1998 through 2008.

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for the SPR1
 gd

Energy Information Administra

Motor V

The composite motor vehicle fuel rate (miles per gallon) rose 42 percent from1973 to 1991 and then varied little over the next 15 years. Mileage (miles pervehicle) grew steadily from 1980 to 1998, and then hovered around 12 thousand miles per vehicle per year through 2007. Fuel consumption (gallons pervehicle) fell 21 percent from 1973 to 1991, regained 9 percent from 1991 to1999, and then trended down through 2007. 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100

Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators

Fuel Rate

Mileage

Fuel Consumption

Truck miles traveled per year, which greatly exceeded other vehicle categories, grew by 124 percent from 1966 to 2003, decreased 11 percent from2003 to 2007, and averaged 25.1 thousand miles per vehicle in 2007.Passenger cars averaged 12.3 thousand miles per vehicle in 2007. Vans,pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles averaged 11.0 thousand miles pervehicle in 2007.

1 Sport utility vehicles. 2 Motorcycles are included through 1989.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs1

Passenger Cars2

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle MileageNote: Motor vehicles include passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehic

Trucks
xxviii Energy Information Administratio

Natura

U.S. natural gas production and consumption were nearly in balance through1986. After that, consumption began to outpace production, and imports ofnatural gas rose to meet U.S. requirements for the fuel. In 2008, productionstood at 20.6 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), net imports at 3.0 Tcf, and consumptionat 23.2 Tcf.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview

Production

Consumption

Net Imports

Net imports of natural gas as a share of consumption was in the 4- to 6-percent range from 1970 through 1987. Then, during a period whenconsumption outpaced production, the share rose from 4.2 percent in 1986to 16.4 percent in 2007. In 2008, the share was 12.7 percent.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

101520

Percent

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption

4.2% in 1986 12.7% in 2008

Figure 36. Natural Gas Net Imports as Share of Consumption
Energy Information Administra

Co

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Historically, U.S. coal production usually surpassed U.S. coal consumption.In 2004 and 2005, however, production and consumption were in balance at1.11 billion short tons in 2004 and 1.13 billion short tons in 2005. In 2006through 2008, production again slightly exceeded consumption. Exports,which peaked at 113 million short tons in 1981, stood at 82 million short tonsin 2008.Figure 38. Coal Overview

Production

Consumption

Exports

1950 1960 1970 

0

300600900

Million Short Tons

Figure 41. Productio

In 1949, one-fourth of Umines; by 1971, more than and in 2008, 69 percenmines.

Improved mining technology and the shift toward moresurface-mined coal promoted dramatic improvement inproductivity from the Nation’s mines from 1978 through2000, but productivity declined in 4 of the last 5 years.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Employee Hour

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity

1.77 in 1978 5.99 in 2008

Peak: 6.99 in 2000

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity Figure 41. Coal Produ
xxx Energy Information Administratio

Electricity Net Generation a

Total electricity net generation in all sectors grew from 0.3 trillion kilowatthours in 1949 to 4.1 trillion kilowatthours in 2008, failing to increase in only 3years (1982, 2001, and 2008) over the entire span. Most generation was inthe electric power sector, but some occurred in the commercial and industrialsectors.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.01.53.04.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total

(All Sectors)

Electric Power

Figure 43. Electricity Net Generation by Sector

Commercial

and Industrial

Electric Power

Sector

Most generating facilities exist to produce only electricity, but some functionas combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants that produce both electricity andheat from a single heat source. Rather than being wasted, the heat from aCHP plant is used for processes and applications in addition to electricitygeneration. 

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

Figure 45. Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Electricity-Only Plants

Figure 45. Electric Power Sector Net Generation by Plant Type
Energy Information Administra

Electricity Prices

Over the decades, industrial consumers paid the lowest rates for electricity;residential customers usually paid the highest prices. Inflation-adjustedprices rose in all sectors in 2005, 2006, and 2008 but remained well belowthe peak price levels of the mid-1980s.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

3456789

10

11

12

1314

Chained (2000) Cents per Kilowatthour

Figure 47. Average Real1 Retail Prices of Electricity by Sector

Transportation

Other

Commercial

Residential

Industrial

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price

deflators. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.
xxxii Energy Information Administratio

Nuclear Elec

The U.S. nuclear industry’s first commercial plantopened in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, in 1957.Nuclear net summer capacity expanded sharply in the1970s and 1980s. Total net summer capacity stoodat 100 million kilowatts in 2008.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

100

in

2008

Figure 52. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity 

Nuclear capacity factors power generation as a shaoutput. Factors for the industo 60-percent range throuimproved in later years an2008.

1975 1980 1985 1

0

255075

100

Percent

A total of 132 nuclear full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission, were

issued in the United States since the nuclear industry got its start in the 1950s.

Most of the licenses were granted between 1962 and 1990. After 1990, one licensewas issued in 1993 and one in 1996.

Figure 53. Nuclear Capa

1957 1967 1977 1987 1997 2007

048

12

16

Number

Full-Power Operating Licenses Issued2, 1957-2006 Figure 50. Nuclear Full-Power Operating Licenses Issued
Energy Information Administra

Renewab

1 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu

Total renewable energy consumption generally followed the pattern ofhydroelectric power output, which was the largest component of the total formost of the years shown. In 2008, hydroelectric power accounted for 34percent of the total. Wood was the next largest source of renewable energy,followed by biofuels, wind, waste, geothermal, and solar/photovoltaic.Figure 55. Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources

Total

Wind

Biofuels

Wood1

Hydroelectric

 Power

After 1959, the industrial sector consumed the most biomass (wood, waste,

fuel ethanol, and biodiesel). Residential use of biomass (wood) fell through1973, expanded from 1974 through 1985, and then trended downward again.Transportation consumption of biomass (fuel ethanol and biodiesel)expanded after 1996 and by 2006 exceeded the electric power sector’sconsumption of biomass (wood and waste).

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector

Transportation

Electric Power1

Commercial

Residential

Industrial
xxxiv Energy Information Administratio

Internation

From 1970 to 2006, world primary energy production grew by 118 percent,reaching 469 quadrillion Btu in 2006. Growth occurred in all types of energy.In 2006, fossil fuels accounted for 86 percent of all energy produced worldwide, renewable energy 8 percent, and nuclear electric power 6 percent.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

4590

135180

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source Figure 59. World Primary Energy Production by Source

Crude Oil

and NGPL1

Coal

Renewable Energy

Natural Gas

Nuclear Electric Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.

1 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day

World crude oil production totaled 74 million barrelsper day in 2008, up 1 percent from the level in 2007.OPEC’s share of the world total in 2008 was 44percent, compared to the peak level of 53 percent in1973.

From 1974 through 1991, thworld’s leading crude oil prArabia was the top produceproduction exceeded SaudU.S. production peaked in 12008. 

1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 61. Leading C

Figure 61. World Crude Oil Production Figure 62. Leading Cru

World

OPEC1

United

States 

Form
Energy Information Administra

Emis

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

10

Million Metric Tons

The combustion of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—to releasetheir energy creates emissions of carbon dioxide, the most significant greenhouse gas. Total carbon dioxide emissions stood at 6 billion metric tons ofgas in 2007, 20 percent higher than the 1990 level.

Carbon Dioxide

Figure 64. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Based on Global

Warming Potential

Billion Metric Tons Carbon 

Dioxide EquivalentTotal Other1

1 Methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur

hexafluoride (SF6).

While real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 62 percent from 1990 to2007, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions grew by 19 percent. From2000 to 2007, GDP rose 17 percent, and energy-related carbon dioxideemissions rose 2 percent.

1 Based on chained (2000) dollars. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1990=100

Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Figure 66. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Inflation-Adjusted Gross Domestic Product1 Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions
1. Table 1.1.

2. Table 1.5.3. Table 1.5.4. Table 1.3.5. Tables 1.3, 10.1, and E1.6. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2009

(April 2009), Updated Reference Case Tables, Table 1, "TotalEnergy Supply and Disposition Summary."

7. Table 2.1a.8. Tables 2.1b and 2.1c.9. Table 2.1d.

10. Tables 2.1e, 5.13c, and 5.14c.11. Table 1.2.12. Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.13. Table 1.4.14. Table 5.1.15. Table 5.2.16. Table 5.2.17. Table 4.4.18. Tables 5.13a-d.19. Table 5.11.20. Table 5.21.21. Table 5.24.22. Tables 5.3 and 5.5.23. Table 5.4.24. Table 5.4.25. Table 5.4.26. Table 5.16.27. Table 5.16.28. Table 5.17.29. Table 5.17.30. Table 2.8.31. Table 2.8.32. Table 2.8.

xxxvi Energy Information Administratio

Figure S

Data for Energy Perspectives, 1949-2008, figures and text are derived from the 
Energy Overview

1

The continental United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sateimagery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.

Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2008

(Quadrillion Btu)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Natural gas plant liquids.3 Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.5 Natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, and electricity.6 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.7 Coal, natural gas, coal coke, and electricity.8 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.

9 Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids10 Includes 0.04 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports11 Includes 0.11 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.12 Primary consumption, electricity retail sales, and elec

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each ssales. See Note, “Electrical Systems Energy Losses,” at e

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived 

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview 

Overview, 1949-2008 Production and Consumption, 2008Overview, 2008 Energy Flow, 2008

(Quadrillion Btu)

4 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Consumption

Production

Imports

Production 

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

74

33

7

99

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil

Fuels

Nuclear

Renewable

74

Exports

1 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.

(s)=Less than 0.5 quadrillion Btu.

Source: Table 1.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Production Trade

Stock

Change

and

Other 7

Fossil

 Fuels 2

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable

Energy 3 Total

 Imports Exports Net Imports 1

Fossil

Fuels 8

Petroleum 4 Total 5 Coal Total 6 Total 

1949 28.748 0.000 2.974 31.722 1.427 1.448 0.877 1.592 -0.144 0.403 29.002 1950 32.563 .000 2.978 35.540 1.886 1.913 .786 1.465 .448 -1.372 31.632 1955 37.364 .000 2.784 40.148 2.752 2.790 1.465 2.286 .504 -.444 37.410 1960 39.869 .006 2.929 42.804 3.999 4.188 1.023 1.477 2.710 -.427 42.137 1965 47.235 .043 3.398 50.676 5.402 5.892 1.376 1.829 4.063 -.722 50.577 1970 59.186 .239 4.076 63.501 7.470 8.342 1.936 2.632 5.709 -1.367 63.522 1971 58.042 .413 4.268 62.723 8.540 9.535 1.546 2.151 7.384 -.818 64.596 1972 58.938 .584 4.398 63.920 10.299 11.387 1.531 2.118 9.269 -.485 67.696 1973 58.241 .910 4.433 63.585 13.466 14.613 1.425 2.033 12.580 -.456 70.316 1974 56.331 1.272 4.769 62.372 13.127 14.304 1.620 2.203 12.101 -.482 67.906 1975 54.733 1.900 4.723 61.357 12.948 14.032 1.761 2.323 11.709 -1.067 65.355 1976 54.723 2.111 4.768 61.602 15.672 16.760 1.597 2.172 14.588 -.178 69.104 1977 55.101 2.702 4.249 62.052 18.756 19.948 1.442 2.052 17.896 -1.948 70.989 1978 55.074 3.024 5.039 63.137 17.824 19.106 1.078 1.920 17.186 -.337 71.856 1979 58.006 2.776 5.166 65.948 17.933 19.460 1.753 2.855 16.605 -1.649 72.892 1980 59.008 2.739 5.485 67.232 14.658 15.796 2.421 3.695 12.101 -1.212 69.826 1981 58.529 3.008 R5.478 67.014 12.639 13.719 2.944 4.307 9.412 -.258 67.570 1982 57.458 3.131 6.034 66.623 10.777 11.861 2.787 4.608 7.253 -.724 63.888 1983 54.416 3.203 R6.562 R64.181 10.647 11.752 2.045 3.693 8.059 .799 63.154 1984 58.849 3.553 R6.524 R68.925 11.433 12.471 2.151 3.786 8.685 -.894 66.504 1985 57.539 4.076 R6.187 R67.801 10.609 11.781 2.438 4.196 7.584 1.107 66.091 1986 56.575 4.380 R6.225 R67.180 13.201 14.151 2.248 4.021 10.130 -.552 66.031 1987 57.167 4.754 R5.741 R67.662 14.162 15.398 2.093 3.812 11.586 -.073 68.522 1988 57.875 5.587 R5.570 R69.032 15.747 17.296 2.499 4.366 12.929 .860 71.556 1989 57.483 5.602 R6.394 R69.479 17.162 18.766 2.637 4.661 14.105 1.362 72.913 1990 58.560 6.104 R6.208 R70.872 17.117 18.817 2.772 4.752 14.065 -.283 72.333 1991 57.872 6.422 R6.240 R70.534 16.348 18.335 2.854 5.141 13.194 .881 71.880 1992 57.655 6.479 R5.995 R70.129 16.968 19.372 2.682 4.937 14.435 1.394 73.397 1993 55.822 6.410 R6.265 R68.497 18.510 21.273 1.962 4.258 17.014 2.094 74.836 1994 58.044 6.694 R6.157 R70.895 19.243 22.390 1.879 4.061 18.329 .038 76.258 1995 57.540 7.075 R6.705 R71.320 18.881 22.260 2.318 4.511 17.750 2.104 77.258 1996 58.387 7.087 R7.168 R72.642 20.284 23.702 2.368 4.633 19.069 2.466 79.783 1997 58.857 6.597 R7.181 R72.635 21.740 25.215 2.193 4.514 20.701 1.430 80.874 1998 59.314 7.068 6.659 73.041 22.908 26.581 2.092 4.299 22.281 -.139 81.370 1999 57.614 7.610 6.683 71.907 23.133 27.252 1.525 3.715 23.537 1.373 82.428 2000 57.366 7.862 6.262 71.490 24.531 28.973 1.528 4.006 24.967 2.518 84.733 2001 58.541 8.033 5.318 71.892 25.398 30.157 1.265 3.770 26.386 -1.952 82.903 2002 56.894 8.143 5.899 R70.935 R24.673 29.407 1.032 3.668 25.739 1.184 83.750 2003 56.157 7.959 R6.148 70.264 R26.218 31.061 1.117 4.054 27.007 .938 84.078 2004 55.914 8.222 6.248 70.384 28.196 33.543 1.253 4.433 29.110 .857 85.830 2005 55.056 8.160 R6.410 R69.626 R29.247 34.710 1.273 4.561 30.149 .710 85.817 2006 R55.968 8.214 R6.857 R71.039 R29.162 34.673 1.264 4.868 29.805 R-.969 R84.690 2007 R56.246 R8.458 6.800 R71.504 R28.762 R34.685 1.507 R5.448 29.238 R.813 R86.176 2008P 57.940 8.455 7.316 73.711 27.556 32.840 2.071 7.065 25.775 -.183 83.436 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. 3 See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation. 4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 5 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, and electricity. 6 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, and electricity. 7 Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stock

change and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,

losses, and unaccounted for; and fuel ethanol stock change. 8 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. 9 Also includes electricity net imports.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Productio

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

By Source Category, 1949-2008 By Major Source, 1949-2008By Source, 20086 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy

Biomass

24

21

11

8

4 2 2

1

Coal Natural Crude Oil1 Nuclear Biomass Hydro- NGPL3 Geothermal,

05

1015202530

Quadrillion Btu

Hydroelectric Power2

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Conventional hydroelectric power. 

3 Natural gas plant liquids.

Source: Table 1.2. 

Solar/PV,

Wind

Gas electric

Power2

Electric

Power 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

2

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

Oil 3 NGPL 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Solar/PV Wind Bio

1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0.000 1.425 NA NA NA 11950 14.060 6.233 11.447 .823 32.563 .000 1.415 NA NA NA 11955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 11960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 .006 1.608 .001 NA NA 11965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 .043 2.059 .004 NA NA 11970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 .239 2.634 .011 NA NA 11971 13.186 22.280 20.033 2.544 58.042 .413 2.824 .012 NA NA 11972 14.092 22.208 20.041 2.598 58.938 .584 2.864 .031 NA NA 11973 13.992 22.187 19.493 2.569 58.241 .910 2.861 .043 NA NA 11974 14.074 21.210 18.575 2.471 56.331 1.272 3.177 .053 NA NA 11975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 3.155 .070 NA NA 11976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 2.976 .078 NA NA 11977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 2.333 .077 NA NA 11978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 2.937 .064 NA NA 21979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 2.931 .084 NA NA 21980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 2.900 .110 NA NA 21981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 2.758 .123 NA NA R21982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 3.266 .105 NA NA 21983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 3.527 .129 NA (s) R21984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 3.386 .165 (s) (s) R21985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 2.970 .198 (s) (s) R31986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 4.380 3.071 .219 (s) (s) R21987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 4.754 2.635 .229 (s) (s) R21988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 5.587 2.334 .217 (s) (s) R31989 221.360 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.483 5.602 2.837 .317 .055 .022 R31990 22.488 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.560 6.104 3.046 .336 .060 .029 R21991 21.636 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.872 6.422 3.016 .346 .063 .031 R21992 21.694 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.655 6.479 2.617 .349 .064 .030 R21993 20.336 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.822 6.410 2.892 .364 .066 .031 R21994 22.202 19.348 14.103 2.391 58.044 6.694 2.683 .338 .069 .036 R31995 22.130 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.540 7.075 3.205 .294 .070 .033 R31996 22.790 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.387 7.087 3.590 .316 .071 .033 R31997 23.310 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.857 6.597 3.640 .325 .070 .034 R31998 24.045 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.314 7.068 3.297 .328 .070 .031 21999 23.295 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.614 7.610 3.268 .331 .069 .046 22000 22.735 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.366 7.862 2.811 .317 .066 .057 32001 223.547 20.166 12.282 2.547 58.541 8.033 2.242 .311 .065 .070 22002 22.732 19.439 12.163 2.559 56.894 8.143 2.689 .328 .064 .105 22003 22.094 19.691 12.026 2.346 56.157 7.959 2.825 .331 .064 .115 22004 22.852 19.093 11.503 2.466 55.914 8.222 2.690 .341 .065 .142 32005 23.185 18.574 10.963 2.334 55.056 8.160 2.703 .343 .066 .178 R32006 23.790 R19.022 10.801 2.356 R55.968 8.214 2.869 .343 .072 .264 R32007 R23.493 R19.623 R10.721 R2.409 R56.246 R8.458 R2.446 R.349 R.081 R.341 R32008P 23.856 21.150 10.519 2.415 57.940 8.455 2.452 .358 .091 .514 3

1 Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation. 2 Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount of

refuse recovery. See Table 7.1. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Natural gas plant liquids. 5 Conventional hydroelectric power.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. • 

due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

Production and Consumption, 1949-2008 By Major Source, 1949-2008By Source, 20088 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.

Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in“Biomass.”

2 Conventional hydroelectric power.

Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530354045

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption

Production

37

24

22

8

4 2 1

Petroleum1 Natural Coal Nuclear Biomass Hydro- Geothermal,

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Ga

Hydroelectric Power2

Nuc

Coal

Petroleum1

Biomas

Solar/PV,

Wind

Gas electric

Power2

Electric

Power 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Solar/PV Wind Biomass 

1949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 29.002 0.000 1.425 NA NA NA 1.549 1950 12.347 .001 5.968 13.315 31.632 .000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 1955 11.167 -.010 8.998 17.255 37.410 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 1960 9.838 -.006 12.385 19.919 42.137 .006 1.608 .001 NA NA 1.320 1965 11.581 -.018 15.769 23.246 50.577 .043 2.059 .004 NA NA 1.335 1970 12.265 -.058 21.795 29.521 63.522 .239 2.634 .011 NA NA 1.431 1971 11.598 -.033 22.469 30.561 64.596 .413 2.824 .012 NA NA 1.432 1972 12.077 -.026 22.698 32.947 67.696 .584 2.864 .031 NA NA 1.503 1973 12.971 -.007 22.512 34.840 70.316 .910 2.861 .043 NA NA 1.529 1974 12.663 .056 21.732 33.455 67.906 1.272 3.177 .053 NA NA 1.540 1975 12.663 .014 19.948 32.731 65.355 1.900 3.155 .070 NA NA 1.499 1976 13.584 (s) 20.345 35.175 69.104 2.111 2.976 .078 NA NA 1.713 1977 13.922 .015 19.931 37.122 70.989 2.702 2.333 .077 NA NA 1.838 1978 13.766 .125 20.000 37.965 71.856 3.024 2.937 .064 NA NA 2.038 1979 15.040 .063 20.666 37.123 72.892 2.776 2.931 .084 NA NA 2.152 1980 15.423 -.035 20.235 34.202 69.826 2.739 2.900 .110 NA NA 2.476 1981 15.908 -.016 19.747 31.931 67.570 3.008 2.758 .123 NA NA R2.597 1982 15.322 -.022 18.356 30.232 63.888 3.131 3.266 .105 NA NA 2.664 1983 15.894 -.016 17.221 30.054 63.154 3.203 3.527 .129 NA (s) R2.906 1984 17.071 -.011 18.394 31.051 66.504 3.553 3.386 .165 (s) (s) R2.973 1985 17.478 -.013 17.703 30.922 66.091 4.076 2.970 .198 (s) (s) R3.018 1986 17.260 -.017 16.591 32.196 66.031 4.380 3.071 .219 (s) (s) R2.934 1987 18.008 .009 17.640 32.865 68.522 4.754 2.635 .229 (s) (s) R2.877 1988 18.846 .040 18.448 34.222 71.556 5.587 2.334 .217 (s) (s) R3.019 1989 19.070 .030 19.602 34.211 72.913 5.602 2.837 .317 .055 .022 R3.162 1990 19.173 .005 19.603 33.553 72.333 6.104 3.046 .336 .060 .029 R2.737 1991 18.992 .010 20.033 32.845 71.880 6.422 3.016 .346 .063 .031 R2.784 1992 19.122 .035 20.714 33.527 73.397 6.479 2.617 .349 .064 .030 R2.935 1993 19.835 .027 21.229 33.744 74.836 6.410 2.892 .364 .066 .031 R2.912 1994 19.909 .058 21.728 34.562 76.258 6.694 2.683 .338 .069 .036 R3.031 1995 20.089 .061 22.671 34.437 77.258 7.075 3.205 .294 .070 .033 R3.105 1996 21.002 .023 23.085 35.673 79.783 7.087 3.590 .316 .071 .033 R3.160 1997 21.445 .046 23.223 36.160 80.874 6.597 3.640 .325 .070 .034 R3.109 1998 21.656 .067 22.830 36.817 81.370 7.068 3.297 .328 .070 .031 R2.932 1999 21.623 .058 22.909 37.838 82.428 7.610 3.268 .331 .069 .046 R2.968 2000 22.580 .065 23.824 38.264 84.733 7.862 2.811 .317 .066 .057 3.013 2001 21.914 .029 22.773 38.186 82.903 8.033 2.242 .311 .065 .070 2.627 2002 21.904 .061 23.558 38.227 83.750 8.143 2.689 .328 .064 .105 R2.707 2003 22.321 .051 22.897 38.809 84.078 7.959 2.825 .331 .064 .115 2.817 2004 22.466 .138 22.931 40.294 85.830 8.222 2.690 .341 .065 .142 3.023 2005 22.797 .044 22.583 40.393 85.817 8.160 2.703 .343 .066 .178 R3.133 2006 22.447 .061 R22.224 39.958 R84.690 8.214 2.869 .343 .072 .264 R3.361 2007 R22.749 .025 R23.628 R39.773 R86.176 R8.458 R2.446 R.349 R.081 R.341 R3.597 2008P 22.421 .041 23.838 37.137 83.436 8.455 2.452 .358 .091 .514 3.884 

1 Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation. 2 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 3 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"

at end of Section 6.

4 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Does

not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass." 

5 Conventional hydroelectric power.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less 

quadrillion Btu.

Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary

consumption for 1635-1945. • See Note 3, "Electricity Im• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, 
Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2008

Energy Net Imports Imports and Exports, 2008Energy Imports Energy Exports10 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Pe

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

32.8

Imports 

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Pet

Total

Petroleum

27.6

Petroleum

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

101520253035

-5

Quadrillion Btu

Note: Negative net imports are net exports. Source: Table 1.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Imports Exports

Coal

Coal

Coke

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Biofuels 4 Elec- tricity Total Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas

Petroleum

Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total

1949 0.008 0.007 0.000 0.915 0.513 1.427 NA 0.006 1.448 0.877 0.014 0.021 0.192 0.488 0.680 1950 .009 .011 .000 1.056 .830 1.886 NA .007 1.913 .786 .010 .027 .202 .440 .642 1955 .008 .003 .011 1.691 1.061 2.752 NA .016 2.790 1.465 .013 .032 .067 .707 .774 1960 .007 .003 .161 2.196 1.802 3.999 NA .018 4.188 1.023 .009 .012 .018 .413 .431 1965 .005 .002 .471 2.654 2.748 5.402 NA .012 5.892 1.376 .021 .027 .006 .386 .392 1970 .001 .004 .846 2.814 4.656 7.470 NA .021 8.342 1.936 .061 .072 .029 .520 .549 1971 .003 .004 .964 3.573 4.968 8.540 NA .024 9.535 1.546 .037 .083 .003 .470 .473 1972 .001 .005 1.047 4.712 5.587 10.299 NA .036 11.387 1.531 .031 .080 .001 .466 .467 1973 .003 .027 1.060 6.887 6.578 13.466 NA .057 14.613 1.425 .035 .079 .004 .482 .486 1974 .052 .088 .985 7.395 5.731 13.127 NA .053 14.304 1.620 .032 .078 .006 .458 .465 1975 .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032 1.761 .032 .074 .012 .427 .439 1976 .030 .033 .988 11.239 4.434 15.672 NA .037 16.760 1.597 .033 .066 .017 .452 .469 1977 .041 .045 1.037 14.027 4.728 18.756 NA .069 19.948 1.442 .031 .056 .106 .408 .514 1978 .074 .142 .995 13.460 4.364 17.824 NA .072 19.106 1.078 .017 .053 .335 .432 .767 1979 .051 .099 1.300 13.825 4.108 17.933 NA .077 19.460 1.753 .036 .056 .497 .505 1.002 1980 .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796 2.421 .051 .049 .609 .551 1.160 1981 .026 .013 .917 9.336 3.303 12.639 NA .124 13.719 2.944 .029 .060 .482 .781 1.264 1982 .019 .003 .950 7.418 3.360 10.777 NA .112 11.861 2.787 .025 .052 .500 1.231 1.732 1983 .032 .001 .940 7.079 3.568 10.647 NA .132 11.752 2.045 .016 .055 .348 1.217 1.565 1984 .032 .014 .847 7.302 4.131 11.433 NA .144 12.471 2.151 .026 .055 .384 1.161 1.545 1985 .049 .014 .952 6.814 3.796 10.609 NA .157 11.781 2.438 .028 .056 .432 1.225 1.657 1986 .055 .008 .748 9.002 4.199 13.201 NA .139 14.151 2.248 .025 .062 .326 1.344 1.670 1987 .044 .023 .992 10.067 4.095 14.162 NA .178 15.398 2.093 .014 .055 .319 1.311 1.630 1988 .053 .067 1.296 11.027 4.720 15.747 NA .133 17.296 2.499 .027 .075 .329 1.412 1.741 1989 .071 .057 1.387 12.596 4.565 17.162 NA .089 18.766 2.637 .027 .109 .300 1.536 1.836 1990 .067 .019 1.551 12.766 4.351 17.117 NA .063 18.817 2.772 .014 .087 .230 1.594 1.824 1991 .085 .029 1.798 12.553 3.794 16.348 NA .075 18.335 2.854 .020 .132 .246 1.882 2.128 1992 .095 .052 2.161 13.253 3.714 16.968 NA .096 19.372 2.682 .017 .220 .188 1.819 2.008 1993 .205 .053 2.397 14.749 3.760 18.510 .001 .107 21.273 1.962 .026 .142 .208 1.907 2.115 1994 .222 .083 2.682 15.340 3.904 19.243 .001 .160 22.390 1.879 .024 .164 .209 1.779 1.988 1995 .237 .095 2.901 15.669 3.211 18.881 .001 .146 22.260 2.318 .034 .156 .200 1.791 1.991 1996 .203 .063 3.002 16.341 3.943 20.284 .001 .148 23.702 2.368 .040 .155 .233 1.825 2.059 1997 .187 .078 3.063 17.876 3.864 21.740 (s) .147 25.215 2.193 .031 .159 .228 1.872 2.100 1998 .218 .095 3.225 18.916 3.992 22.908 (s) .135 26.581 2.092 .028 .161 .233 1.740 1.972 1999 .227 .080 3.664 18.935 4.198 23.133 (s) .147 27.252 1.525 .022 .164 .250 1.705 1.955 2000 .313 .094 3.869 19.783 4.749 24.531 (s) .166 28.973 1.528 .028 .245 .106 2.048 2.154 2001 .495 .063 4.068 20.348 R5.050 25.398 .002 .131 30.157 1.265 .033 .377 .043 1.996 R2.038 2002 .422 .080 4.104 19.920 R4.753 R24.673 .002 .125 29.407 1.032 .020 .520 .019 2.023 2.042 2003 .626 .068 4.042 21.060 R5.158 R26.218 .002 .104 31.061 1.117 .018 .686 .026 2.124 R2.150 2004 .682 .170 4.365 22.082 6.114 28.196 .013 .117 33.543 1.253 .033 .862 .057 R2.150 R2.207 2005 .762 .088 4.450 22.091 R7.156 R29.247 .013 .152 34.710 1.273 .043 .735 .067 R2.373 R2.441 2006 .906 .101 4.291 22.085 R7.077 R29.162 .067 .146 34.673 1.264 .040 .730 .052 R2.694 R2.747 2007 .909 .061 R4.723 R21.914 R6.849 R28.762 .055 .175 R34.685 1.507 .036 R.830 .058 R2.914 R2.972 2008P .855 .089 4.061 21.389 6.167 27.556 .084 .195 32.840 2.071 .049 1.009 .061 3.707 3.768 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,

which began in 1977.

3 Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not

include biofuels. 4 Fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 5 Biodiesel only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes trade between the United States (50 St

territories and possessions. • See "Primary Energy" in GlossaExports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of co

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators

Energy Consumption, 1949-2008 Energy Expenditures, 1970-2006 Energy Consumption p

Gross Domestic Produ

Energy Consumption per Person, Energy Expenditures per Person, Energy Expenditures a1949-2008 1970-2006 Gross Domestic Produ12 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

300600900

1,200

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 197

05

10152025

Thousand Btu per Chained (2000) Dollar

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators,

 See Appendix D1.

Source: Table 1.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1,0002,0003,0004,000

Nominal Dollars1 

1970 1980 

05

1015

Percent
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2

Year

Energy

Consumption

Energy

Consumption

per Person

Energy

Expenditures 1

Energy

Expenditures 1

per Person

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Expenditures 1

as Share of GDP

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Consumption per

Real Dollar of GDP

G

E

Re

Quadrillion

Btu

Million

Btu

Million 

Nominal

Dollars 4

Nominal

Dollars 4

Billion

Nominal

Dollars 4 Percent

Billion

Chained

(2000) Dollars 5

Thousand Btu

per Chained

(2000) Dollar 5

Me

Di

pe

(

1949 31.98 214 NA NA 267.3 NA 1,634.6 19.57 1950 34.62 227 NA NA 293.8 NA 1,777.3 19.48 1955 40.21 242 NA NA 414.8 NA 2,212.8 18.17 1960 45.09 250 NA NA 526.4 NA 2,501.8 18.02 1965 54.02 278 NA NA 719.1 NA 3,191.1 16.93 1970 67.84 331 82,911 404 1,038.5 8.0 3,771.9 17.99 1971 69.29 334 90,071 434 1,127.1 8.0 3,898.6 17.77 1972 72.70 346 98,108 467 1,238.3 7.9 4,105.0 17.71 1973 75.71 357 111,928 528 1,382.7 8.1 4,341.5 17.44 1974 73.99 346 153,370 717 1,500.0 10.2 4,319.6 17.13 1975 72.00 333 171,846 796 1,638.3 10.5 4,311.2 16.70 1976 76.01 349 193,897 889 1,825.3 10.6 4,540.9 16.74 1977 78.00 354 220,461 1,001 2,030.9 10.9 4,750.5 16.42 1978 79.99 359 239,230 1,075 2,294.7 10.4 5,015.0 15.95 1979 80.90 359 297,543 1,322 2,563.3 11.6 5,173.4 15.64 1980 78.12 344 R373,790 R1,645 2,789.5 13.4 5,161.7 15.13 1981 76.17 332 R427,140 R1,861 3,128.4 13.7 5,291.7 14.39 1982 73.15 316 R425,703 R1,838 3,255.0 13.1 5,189.3 14.10 1983 73.04 312 R416,670 R1,782 3,536.7 11.8 5,423.8 13.47 1984 R76.72 325 R434,367 R1,842 3,933.2 R11.0 5,813.6 13.20 1985 76.49 R322 R437,517 R1,839 4,220.3 10.4 6,053.7 12.64 1986 76.76 320 R382,861 R1,594 4,462.8 8.6 6,263.6 12.25 1987 R79.18 327 R396,082 R1,635 4,739.5 8.4 6,475.1 12.23 1988 82.82 339 R409,989 R1,677 5,103.8 8.0 6,742.7 12.28 1989 R84.95 344 R437,160 R1,771 5,484.4 8.0 6,981.4 12.17 1990 84.65 339 R472,030 R1,891 5,803.1 8.1 7,112.5 11.90 1991 84.61 334 R470,095 R1,858 5,995.9 7.8 7,100.5 11.92 1992 85.96 335 R475,069 R1,852 6,337.7 7.5 7,336.6 11.72 1993 R87.61 337 R490,624 R1,888 6,657.4 7.4 7,532.7 11.63 1994 89.26 339 R503,693 R1,914 7,072.2 7.1 7,835.5 11.39 1995 91.17 342 R513,587 R1,929 7,397.7 6.9 8,031.7 11.35 1996 R94.18 350 R559,455 R2,077 7,816.9 7.2 8,328.9 11.31 1997 94.77 348 R566,277 R2,077 8,304.3 6.8 8,703.5 10.89 1998 95.18 345 R525,285 R1,904 8,747.0 6.0 9,066.9 10.50 1999 96.82 347 R556,052 R1,993 9,268.4 6.0 9,470.3 10.22 2000 98.98 351 R688,774 R2,441 9,817.0 7.0 9,817.0 10.08 2001 96.33 338 R693,897 2,434 10,128.0 6.9 9,890.7 9.74 2002 97.86 340 R661,496 R2,299 10,469.6 6.3 10,048.8 9.74 2003 98.21 338 R754,147 R2,599 10,960.8 6.9 10,301.0 9.53 2004 100.35 R343 R868,595 R2,966 11,685.9 7.4 10,675.8 9.40 2005 R100.48 340 R1,044,898 R3,535 R12,421.9 8.4 R10,989.5 R9.14 2006 R99.88 R335 R1,157,910 R3,881 R13,178.4 R8.8 R11,294.8 R8.84 2007 R101.55 337 NA NA R13,807.5 NA R11,523.9 R8.81 2008P 99.30 327 NA NA 14,264.6 NA 11,652.0 8.52 

1 Expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 12.1. 3 Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 12.2 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia

Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Exp

Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. GreenhouDioxide Emissions: Table 12.2. Other Columns: Calculated 
Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2006

ConsumptionConsumption per Person14 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

TX

CA

FL

IL NY PA OH LA

GA MI IN NC NJ VA TN AL WA KY MO MN WI SC OK AZ MA MD CO MS IA AR OR KS CT WV UT NV AK NM NE ID WY M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4

0

2

468

10

12

14

Quadrillion Btu

AK

WY

LA

ND

TX KY AL WV IN MT OK MS AR IA SC KS TN NE MN DE NM ID ME SD OH GA VA US MO WI WA PA IL NV UT OR NJ DC NC CO MI VT H

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

1.2

Billion Btu

Source: Table 1.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2006

Rank

Consumption Consumption per Person Expenditures 1 Expenditures 1 per Person 

Trillion Btu Million Btu Million Nominal Dollars 2 Nominal Dollars 2 

 1 Texas 11,744.4 Alaska 1,112.2 Texas 132,131 Alaska 9,080  2 California 8,420.4 Wyoming 937.9 California 115,990 Wyoming 8,431  3 Florida 4,609.5 Louisiana 896.1 New York 59,429 Louisiana 7,884  4 Illinois 3,946.1 North Dakota 644.1 Florida 58,959 Texas 5,645  5 New York 3,939.9 Texas 501.7 Pennsylvania 46,650 North Dakota 5,565  6 Pennsylvania 3,933.0 Kentucky 468.7 Ohio 45,037 Montana 4,959  7 Ohio 3,892.9 Alabama 466.3 Illinois 43,322 Maine 4,587  8 Louisiana 3,802.5 West Virginia 458.5 New Jersey 35,994 Oklahoma 4,537  9 Georgia 3,146.4 Indiana 454.1 Michigan 34,914 Iowa 4,497  10 Michigan 2,998.0 Montana 453.2 Georgia 34,542 Mississippi 4,487  11 Indiana 2,862.2 Oklahoma 448.1 Louisiana 33,455 Alabama 4,450  12 North Carolina 2,659.3 Mississippi 419.3 North Carolina 30,373 Kentucky 4,446  13 New Jersey 2,604.8 Arkansas 407.4 Virginia 28,575 Hawaii 4,438  14 Virginia 2,544.9 Iowa 406.2 Indiana 27,354 Indiana 4,340  15 Tennessee 2,313.2 South Carolina 394.4 Massachusetts 24,499 West Virginia 4,315  16 Alabama 2,140.5 Kansas 381.3 Tennessee 24,172 Delaware 4,227  17 Washington 2,053.7 Tennessee 380.8 Missouri 21,533 Arkansas 4,225  18 Kentucky 1,970.5 Nebraska 373.8 Washington 21,362 New Jersey 4,153  19 Missouri 1,913.0 Minnesota 353.5 Wisconsin 20,717 Vermont 4,055  20 Minnesota 1,822.0 Delaware 352.5 Alabama 20,428 Nebraska 4,044  21 Wisconsin 1,818.5 New Mexico 351.8 Minnesota 19,948 South Dakota 4,017  22 South Carolina 1,707.7 Idaho 351.6 Maryland 19,632 Nevada 4,012  23 Oklahoma 1,603.0 Maine 348.2 Arizona 18,945 South Carolina 4,010  24 Arizona 1,530.9 South Dakota 344.9 Kentucky 18,693 Tennessee 3,979  25 Massachusetts 1,479.1 Ohio 339.6 South Carolina 17,364 Ohio 3,929  26 Maryland 1,452.4 Georgia 336.8 Colorado 16,251 Connecticut 3,927  27 Colorado 1,428.1 Virginia 333.1 Oklahoma 16,230 Kansas 3,890  28 Mississippi 1,215.7 Missouri 327.7 Connecticut 13,727 Minnesota 3,870  29 Iowa 1,207.4 Wisconsin 326.3 Iowa 13,368 New Hampshire 3,811  30 Arkansas 1,144.5 Washington 322.2 Mississippi 13,010 Massachusetts 3,807  31 Oregon 1,111.8 Pennsylvania 317.1 Oregon 12,253 Pennsylvania 3,761  32 Kansas 1,050.9 Illinois 308.8 Arkansas 11,867 Virginia 3,740  33 Connecticut 848.9 Nevada 307.6 Kansas 10,719 District of Columbia 3,738  34 West Virginia 829.2 Utah 304.7 Nevada 10,001 New Mexico 3,730  35 Utah 785.9 Oregon 301.2 Utah 8,331 Wisconsin 3,718  36 Nevada 766.6 New Jersey 300.6 West Virginia 7,804 Georgia 3,697  37 Alaska 753.5 District of Columbia 299.9 New Mexico 7,246 Missouri 3,689  38 New Mexico 683.3 North Carolina 299.8 Nebraska 7,133 Maryland 3,504  39 Nebraska 659.3 Colorado 299.6 Alaska 6,151 Michigan 3,456  40 Idaho 514.6 Michigan 296.8 Maine 6,031 Idaho 3,455  41 Wyoming 480.9 Vermont 263.7 Hawaii 5,674 North Carolina 3,424  42 Maine 457.8 Hawaii 259.8 Idaho 5,058 Colorado 3,410  43 Montana 429.1 Maryland 259.3 New Hampshire 4,999 Illinois 3,391  44 North Dakota 410.6 Florida 255.3 Montana 4,696 Washington 3,351  45 Hawaii 332.2 Arizona 248.3 Wyoming 4,323 Oregon 3,320  46 New Hampshire 313.1 Connecticut 242.8 Delaware 3,605 Rhode Island 3,283  47 Delaware 300.6 New Hampshire 238.7 North Dakota 3,548 Florida 3,265  48 South Dakota 271.9 California 232.3 Rhode Island 3,486 Utah 3,230  49 Rhode Island 216.3 Massachusetts 229.9 South Dakota 3,167 California 3,200  50 District of Columbia 175.6 New York 204.3 Vermont 2,517 New York 3,082  51 Vermont 163.7 Rhode Island 203.7 District of Columbia 2,188 Arizona 3,073 

 United States 3,499,521.1 United States 333.1 United States 51,157,910 United States 63,876 

1 Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 Includes 60.8 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States. 4 The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:

1) does not include biofuels losses and co-products, and biodiesel; 2) does not incorporate the latest datarevisions; and 3) is the sum of State values, which use State average heat contents to convert physicalunits of coal and natural gas to Btu.

5 Includes $509 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.

6 Based on population data prior to revisions shown on Table 

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • Consumption: Energy Information Admini

Consumption" (November 2008), Tables R1 and R2. • ExpeData 2006: Prices and Expenditures" (November 2008), Table State-level data by end-use sector and type of energy. Consu2006, and price and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 thro
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008

16 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

162

(1963)

October November December January February M

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Heating Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2007- 2008 Heating Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.7.

4

(20

577

(1954)

687

(2006)

683

(1956)

396

(2001)

367

(1976)

668

(1976)

1,188

(1977)

1,070

(1989)

958

(1978)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209  1950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196  1955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237  1960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254  1965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271  1970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253  1971 976 760 681 375 194 29 10 12 47 187  1972 890 785 608 377 137 49 7 12 65 330  1973 893 772 504 356 182 22 6 9 61 212  1974 838 754 556 310 171 42 6 13 94 303  1975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235  1976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367  1977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295  1978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283  1979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271  1980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316  1981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327  1982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264  1983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251  1984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223  1985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243  1986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258  1987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345  1988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352  1989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259  1990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246  1991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242  1992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301  1993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302  1994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268  1995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233  1996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276  1997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273  1998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245  1999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275  2000 886 643 494 341 115 29 12 12 69 244  2001 935 725 669 302 115 29 8 6 69 260  2002 776 669 622 281 184 23 3 8 37 298  2003 944 801 572 344 165 41 4 5 62 260  2004 968 766 495 303 107 37 7 20 47 251  2005 859 676 648 305 186 25 3 6 39 236  2006 687 731 600 264 137 23 2 9 82 304  2007 841 853 502 372 111 24 5 7 44 175  2008P 892 741 617 319 183 26 5 13 52 281 

Normal1 917 732 593 345 159 39 9 15 77 282 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heatingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the

2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are 

national average.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2008

18 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

April May June July August Septemb

0

100200300400

Cooling Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2008 Cooling Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

118

(1967)

268

(1950)

147

(1991)

228

(1992)

64

(1976)

161

(1955)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.8.

2

(1(2

13

(1983)

53

(2006)

388

(2006)

280

(1952)

366

(2007)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70  1950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78  1955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50  1960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59  1965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48  1970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48  1971 8 7 10 22 68 244 288 269 182 77  1972 15 6 22 36 88 174 299 276 169 44  1973 7 3 24 18 75 236 318 303 166 66  1974 21 6 28 29 101 173 317 267 120 40  1975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55  1976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27  1977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44  1978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52  1979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53  1980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42  1981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43  1982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47  1983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58  1984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70  1985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68  1986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52  1987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40  1988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45  1989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49  1990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57  1991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62  1992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49  1993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47  1994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50  1995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61  1996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45  1997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48  1998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62  1999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55  2000 10 10 25 28 131 221 284 302 156 50  2001 3 12 11 37 114 220 302 333 138 46  2002 8 6 17 53 92 243 370 332 202 57  2003 5 7 24 30 110 187 336 345 156 65  2004 6 6 28 29 138 208 299 252 177 67  2005 10 7 12 24 82 250 367 351 215 55  2006 13 5 18 53 109 236 388 337 138 46  2007 10 5 29 23 119 236 310 366 191 82  2008P 7 11 17 31 91 264 334 283 171 48 

Normal1 8 8 18 33 104 216 323 292 160 56 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 coolingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the

2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are 

national average.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2008Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 200820 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.9.

Atlantic

30-Year Normal2: 4,524

Low: 3

High: 4,958 (1978)

England Atlantic Central Central Central Central

6,395

5,643

6,696

7,112

2,782

3,641

2,178

6,612

5,910

6,498 6,750

2,853

3,603

2,286

5,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South M

0

2,0004,0006,0008,000

Degree-Days
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483  1950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930  1955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517  1960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328  1965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318  1970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436  1971 6,695 5,761 6,236 6,594 2,763 3,395 1,985 5,585  1972 7,001 6,064 6,772 7,094 2,759 3,438 2,259 5,352  1973 6,120 5,327 5,780 6,226 2,718 3,309 2,256 5,562  1974 6,621 5,670 6,259 6,478 2,551 3,171 2,080 5,281  1975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693  1976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303  1977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060  1978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370  1979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564  1980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052  1981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671  1982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544  1983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359  1984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592  1985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676  1986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870  1987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153  1988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148  1989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173  1990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146  1991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259  1992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054  1993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514  1994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002  1995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953  1996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011  1997 6,661 5,809 6,617 6,761 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,188  1998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059  1999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768  2000 6,489 5,774 6,284 6,456 2,959 3,548 2,194 4,881  2001 6,055 5,323 5,824 6,184 2,641 3,312 2,187 4,895  2002 6,099 5,372 6,122 6,465 2,671 3,420 2,307 5,018  2003 6,851 6,090 6,528 6,539 2,891 3,503 2,230 4,605  2004 6,612 5,749 6,199 6,290 2,748 3,289 2,088 4,844  2005 6,551 5,804 6,241 6,202 2,844 3,402 2,051 4,759  2006 5,809 5,050 5,712 5,799 2,535 3,239 1,863 4,778  2007 6,501 5,623 6,096 6,374 2,584 3,213 2,156 4,830  2008P 6,395 5,643 6,696 7,112 2,782 3,641 2,178 5,114 

Normal2 6,612 5,910 6,498 6,750 2,853 3,603 2,286 5,209 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are

deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. 

Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 populat

are aggregated into Census divisions and the national averagedivisions.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2008Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 200822 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.10.

30-Year Normal2: 1,242

Low: 1,029 (1976)

High: 1

497

745 698 847

1,987

1,560

2,494

441

665 731

949

1,982

1,564

2,477

1,3

New Middle East North West North South East South West South 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Normal2 2008

England Atlantic Central Central Central Atlantic Central
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198  1950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120  1955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124  1960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308  1965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961  1970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163  1971 465 730 783 960 1,932 1,577 2,448 1,074  1972 364 614 643 908 1,843 1,525 2,513 1,141  1973 551 830 864 1,009 2,000 1,665 2,359 1,123  1974 393 614 626 878 1,842 1,382 2,342 1,188  1975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031  1976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058  1977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256  1978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174  1979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164  1980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202  1981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331  1982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121  1983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174  1984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190  1985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210  1986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188  1987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196  1988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320  1989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330  1990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294  1991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182  1992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206  1993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113  1994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436  1995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234  1996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381  1997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335  1998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271  1999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242  2000 317 542 658 1,023 1,929 1,736 2,787 1,488  2001 519 722 744 1,028 1,891 1,535 2,565 1,498  2002 570 863 933 1,087 2,209 1,808 2,545 1,543  2003 522 685 645 946 2,007 1,494 2,522 1,639  2004 402 670 604 752 2,037 1,549 2,485 1,376  2005 642 990 960 1,094 2,081 1,696 2,636 1,457  2006 528 778 752 1,079 2,037 1,670 2,776 1,586  2007 484 788 900 1,135 2,212 1,927 2,488 1,663  2008P 497 745 698 847 1,987 1,560 2,494 1,504 

Normal2 441 665 731 949 1,982 1,564 2,477 1,308 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are

deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. 

Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. 

aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. divisions.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense 1975-2008 Fiscal Years 1975-2008Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 200824 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 General Services Administration.2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.4 See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. 

Source: Table 1.11.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu

Total

Non-Defense 

Non-Defens

Defense

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu Defense

46.4

29.5 28.1

18.8 18.4

10.3 10.2

7.5 6.6

Postal Veterans Energy Justice GSA1 HHS2 NASA3 Interior Agriculture 

0

1020304050

Trillion Btu

Service Affairs
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vet

Af

1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 1976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 1977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 1978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 1979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 1980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 1981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 1982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 1983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 1984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 1985 8.4 1,250.6 52.2 20.7 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 1986 6.8 1,222.8 46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 1987 7.3 1,280.5 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 1988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 1989 8.7 1,274.4 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 1990 9.6 1,241.7 43.5 17.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 1991 9.6 1,269.3 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 1992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 1993 9.3 1,048.8 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 1994 9.4 977.0 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 1995 9.0 926.0 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 1996 9.1 904.5 44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 1997 7.4 880.0 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 1998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 1999 7.8 810.7 27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 2000 7.4 779.1 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 2001 7.4 787.2 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 10.9 43.4 17.8 2002 7.2 837.5 30.7 17.5 8.0 8.2 17.7 10.7 41.6 18.3 2003 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 2004 7.0 960.7 31.4 18.3 8.8 8.7 17.5 9.9 50.5 5.2 2005 7.5 933.2 29.6 18.4 9.6 8.6 18.8 10.3 53.5 5.0 2006 6.8 843.7 32.9 18.2 9.3 8.1 23.5 10.2 51.8 4.6 2007 6.8 864.6 R31.5 19.1 R9.9 7.5 R20.7 10.6 45.8 5.6 R2008P 6.6 889.1 28.1 18.4 10.3 7.5 18.8 10.2 46.4 4.8 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama

Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation,Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency,U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, RailroadRetirement Board, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury, SmallBusiness Administration, Office of Personnel Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency,Central Intelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, andU.S. Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau).

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 throug

2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in thiconversion factors (which in most cases are different from thosBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolinemillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied pmotor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installaaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www1.eere.eneSource: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Eff

Energy Management Program. 
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008

Total U.S. Government Energy ConsumptionBy Major Energy Source By Selected Petroleum Product26 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1Noted in reference to Executive Order 13423 (January 24, 2008), Sec. 2(a) that requires

Federal agencies to “improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gasses...relative to thebaseline of the agency’s energy use in fiscal year 2003.” 2Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.

3Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

Note: U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 througand 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.Source: Table 1.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

1.57

1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.51.8

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity

Coal Natural Gas

Petroleum

Moto

Fuel Oil2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1

Petroleum

Electricity

Aviation

Gasoline Fuel Oil 2 Jet Fuel

LPG 3

and Other 4

Motor

Gasoline 5 Total

1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 5.6 63.2 1,174.2 141.5 1976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 4.7 60.4 1,016.4 139.3 1977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 4.1 61.4 1,042.1 141.1 1978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 3.0 60.1 1,002.9 141.0 1979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 3.7 59.1 1,013.1 141.2 1980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 4.0 56.5 1,011.8 141.9 1981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 3.7 53.2 1,066.2 144.5 1982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 3.9 53.1 1,082.8 147.5 1983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 4.0 51.6 1,061.1 151.5 1984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 4.1 51.2 1,093.8 155.9 1985 64.8 149.9 1.9 292.6 705.7 4.0 50.4 1,054.6 167.2 1986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 3.9 45.3 1,032.4 155.8 1987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 4.0 43.1 1,069.9 169.9 1988 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 3.2 41.2 952.4 171.2 1989 48.7 152.4 .8 245.3 761.7 5.7 41.1 1,054.5 188.6 1990 44.3 159.4 .5 245.2 732.4 6.4 37.2 1,021.7 193.6 1991 45.9 154.1 .4 232.6 774.5 9.0 34.1 1,050.7 192.7 1992 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 11.4 35.6 876.8 192.5 1993 38.3 152.9 .7 187.0 612.4 9.3 34.5 843.9 193.1 1994 35.0 143.9 .6 198.5 550.7 10.9 29.5 790.2 190.9 1995 31.7 149.7 .3 178.5 522.3 11.4 31.9 744.4 185.3 1996 23.3 147.4 .2 170.6 513.0 21.7 27.6 733.2 184.5 1997 22.5 154.0 .3 180.1 475.7 17.2 39.0 712.2 184.0 1998 23.9 140.7 .2 174.6 445.5 9.4 43.1 672.8 181.8 1999 21.2 137.6 .1 162.2 444.7 2.9 41.1 650.9 180.4 2000 22.7 134.0 .2 171.4 403.1 4.3 43.9 622.9 194.0 2001 18.8 133.9 .2 177.0 415.2 7.9 42.5 642.9 188.8 2002 16.9 134.1 .2 165.7 472.9 6.0 41.3 686.1 189.1 2003 17.7 139.7 .3 189.8 517.9 6.6 45.7 760.3 196.1 2004 17.4 134.8 .2 259.8 508.2 6.0 43.5 817.8 195.4 2005 17.1 135.1 .4 239.8 492.2 9.0 48.2 789.6 195.9 2006 23.5 132.0 .6 207.8 442.6 4.7 47.8 703.5 194.9 2007 20.4 130.8 .4 R211.4 461.1 R5.6 R46.0 R724.5 R193.2 2008P 16.9 131.9 .3 179.7 504.4 18.1 46.9 749.4 189.8 

1 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in this table are developed using the following

conversion factors (which in most cases are different from tho

Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolinmillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petrogasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kiloBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign instalaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www1.eere.eneSource: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficien

Management Program. 
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 200

By AgencyBy Source28 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 2.2Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.3Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.4Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.5Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

6Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other ty

equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanbiodiesel.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from OctobeSource: Table 1.13.

696

101

70

23

54

89 

671

101

70

23

54

92

697

101 77

28

63

95

63

Petroleum1 Electricity Natural Gas2 Coal, Purchased Petroleum1 Electricity Na

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

2003 2007 2008

Department of Defense All Other Agen

Steam, and Other3 

Stea

Gasoline5 Petroleum6

504

180

47 18

749

190

132

461

211

46 6

725

193

131

518

190

46 7

760

196

140

40

Jet Fuel Fuel Oil Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas Coa

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

2003 2007 2008

Petroleum1

4
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 200

 (Trillion Btu)

Resource

and Fiscal Years Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation 

Coal

 2003 ..................................... 0.0 15.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  2007 ..................................... .0 15.4 4.8 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 

 2008 P .................................. .0 14.9 1.8 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 

Natural Gas 5

 2003 ..................................... 1.4 76.6 7.0 7.6 3.7 1.3 8.6 2.9 10.4 .7  2007 ..................................... 1.6 69.5 6.2 7.2 5.1 1.2 10.5 2.7 6.5 .8  2008 P .................................. 1.2 69.5 5.9 6.8 5.6 1.1 10.1 2.8 9.3 .7 

Petroleum

 2003 ..................................... 3.3 697.1 3.0 .2 1.5 4.4 6.5 1.4 18.2 1.6  2007 ..................................... 3.0 670.6 2.7 .2 R1.0 4.1 R3.4 1.6 16.5 1.5 

 2008 P .................................. 3.2 695.5 2.4 .2 1.0 4.0 2.9 1.1 16.1 1.1 

 Aviation Gasoline

 2003 ..................................... R(s) R (s) R (s) .0 .0 R(s) .1 .0 .0 R(s) 

 2007 ..................................... .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0  2008 P .................................. .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 

 Fuel Oil 6

 2003 ..................................... .4 166.5 2.0 .1 .9 1.2 .4 .4 5.1 .3  2007 ..................................... .5 194.1 1.6 .1 .6 1.1 R .3 .4 3.1 .6 

 2008 P .................................. .5 161.4 1.4 .1 .6 1.1 .3 .3 2.7 .2 

 Jet Fuel

 2003 ..................................... .0 509.9 .0 .0 .0 .1 1.5 .6 .0 .6  2007 ..................................... .0 455.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .5  2008 P .................................. .0 499.3 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .6 .0 .5 

 LPG 7 and Other 8

 2003 ..................................... .7 4.2 .1 .0 .1 .7 .0 .1 .2 .1  2007 ..................................... .3 3.1 .4 .0 .1 .9 R .0 .1 .4 .0 

 2008 P .................................. .4 15.5 .3 .0 .1 1.0 .0 .1 .1 .0 

 Motor Gasoline 9

 2003 ..................................... 2.2 16.5 .9 .1 .5 2.4 4.5 .2 12.9 .7  2007 ..................................... 2.1 17.8 .7 .0 R .3 2.0 R 2.9 .1 12.9 .4 

 2008 P .................................. 2.1 19.2 .7 .1 .2 1.8 2.6 .1 13.2 .4 

Electricity

 2003 ..................................... 2.6 101.1 18.0 10.0 3.6 2.4 7.0 5.8 21.7 3.2  2007 ..................................... 1.9 101.2 R16.7 10.0 3.3 2.1 6.0 5.5 22.5 3.2 

 2008 P .................................. 1.9 100.7 16.7 9.8 3.4 2.2 5.2 5.5 20.7 2.8 

Purchased Steam and Other 10

 2003 ..................................... .3 12.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 .1 .7 .8 .7 .0  2007 ..................................... .2 7.9 R 1.2 1.7 .4 .1 .8 .8 .4 .0 

 2008 P .................................. .3 8.5 1.4 1.6 .4 .2 .5 .9 .3 .2 

Total Energy

 2003 ..................................... 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6  2007 ..................................... 6.8 864.6 R31.5 19.1 R9.9 7.5 R20.7 10.6 45.8 5.6 

 2008 P .................................. 6.6 889.1 28.1 18.4 10.3 7.5 18.8 10.2 46.4 4.8 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee

Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (InternationalBroadcasting Bureau).

5 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases. 8 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel. 9 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

10 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported a

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal y

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 throug2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in thconversion factors (which in most cases are different from thoBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolinmillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petrogasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kiloBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign instalaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/about/annSource: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficien

Management Program. 
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Total, 1949-2008 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2008

By Source, 1949-2008 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2008

30 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Notes: • Data through 2000 are on a calendar-year basis; data for 2001-2008 are on a fiscalyear basis (October–September). • “Federally Administered Lands” include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government, including acquired mili

public lands.

Source: Table 1.14.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

09

18273645

Percent 2008: 18

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

43

26 

Coal Crude Oil and Natu

0

1020304050

Percent

Lease Condensate

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Coal

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and

 Lease Condensate
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Natural Gas Plant Liquids 1 Natural Gas 2 Coal 

Million

Barrels 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Barrels 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Calendar-Year Data 4

1949 95.2 0.55 5.2 4.4 0.02 2.8 0.15 0.15 2.8 9.5 0.24 1950 105.9 .61 5.4 4.4 .02 2.4 .14 .15 2.4 7.7 .19 1955 159.5 .92 6.4 6.0 .03 2.1 .43 .45 4.8 5.9 .15 1960 277.3 1.61 10.8 11.6 .05 3.4 .95 .98 7.8 5.2 .13 1965 378.6 2.20 13.3 14.3 .06 3.2 1.56 1.61 10.2 8.2 .20 1970 605.6 3.51 17.2 40.6 .17 6.7 3.56 3.67 16.9 12.0 .29 1971 648.9 3.76 18.8 54.0 .22 8.7 3.95 4.08 18.3 17.3 .41 1972 630.5 3.66 18.2 56.7 .23 8.9 4.17 4.28 19.3 19.0 .44 1973 604.3 3.51 18.0 54.9 .22 8.7 4.37 4.46 20.1 24.2 .57 1974 570.2 3.31 17.8 61.9 .25 10.1 4.75 4.87 22.9 32.1 .74 1975 531.5 3.08 17.4 59.7 .24 10.0 4.57 4.67 23.8 43.6 1.00 1976 525.7 3.05 17.7 57.2 .23 9.7 4.81 4.91 25.2 86.4 1.98 1977 535.0 3.10 17.8 57.4 .23 9.7 4.94 5.04 25.8 74.8 1.69 1978 523.6 3.04 16.5 25.9 .10 4.5 5.60 5.71 29.3 79.2 1.76 1979 519.8 3.01 16.7 11.9 .05 2.1 5.93 6.05 30.1 84.9 1.91 1980 510.4 2.96 16.2 10.5 .04 1.8 5.85 6.01 30.2 92.9 2.08 1981 529.3 3.07 16.9 12.3 .05 2.1 6.15 6.31 32.1 138.8 3.10 1982 552.3 3.20 17.5 15.0 .06 2.7 5.97 6.14 33.5 130.0 2.89 1983 568.8 3.30 17.9 14.0 .05 2.5 5.17 5.33 32.1 124.3 2.74 1984 595.8 3.46 18.3 25.4 .10 4.3 5.88 6.07 33.7 136.3 3.00 1985 628.3 3.64 19.2 26.6 .10 4.5 5.24 5.41 31.8 184.6 4.04 1986 608.4 3.53 19.2 23.3 .09 4.1 4.87 5.01 30.3 189.7 4.16 1987 577.3 3.35 18.9 23.7 .09 4.1 5.56 5.73 33.4 195.2 4.28 1988 516.3 2.99 17.3 37.0 .14 6.2 5.45 5.61 31.9 225.4 4.92 1989 488.9 2.84 17.6 45.1 .17 8.0 5.32 5.49 30.7 236.3 5.14 1990 515.9 2.99 19.2 50.9 .19 8.9 6.55 6.74 36.8 280.6 6.12 1991 491.0 2.85 18.1 72.7 .28 12.0 5.99 6.17 33.8 285.1 6.18 1992 529.1 3.07 20.2 70.7 .27 11.4 6.25 6.43 35.0 266.7 5.78 1993 529.3 3.07 21.2 64.4 .24 10.2 6.56 6.74 36.3 285.7 6.12 1994 527.7 3.06 21.7 60.0 .23 9.5 6.78 6.97 36.0 321.4 6.88 1995 567.4 3.29 23.7 74.0 .28 11.5 6.78 6.96 36.4 376.9 8.04 1996 596.5 3.46 25.2 71.2 .27 10.6 7.31 7.50 38.8 354.5 7.56 1997 632.8 3.67 26.9 74.7 .28 11.3 7.43 7.62 39.3 362.6 7.72 1998 5606.3 53.52 526.6 560.3 5.23 59.4 57.06 57.27 537.1 371.1 7.95 1999 6628.9 63.65 629.3 666.5 6.25 69.9 67.24 67.44 638.4 414.5 8.73 2000 689.2 4.00 32.3 88.9 .33 12.7 7.14 7.32 37.2 440.2 9.27 

Fiscal-Year Data 7

2001 676.5 3.92 32.0 93.0 0.35 14.0 6.98 7.17 35.7 425.4 8.87 2002 647.8 3.76 30.5 106.5 .40 15.2 6.78 6.96 35.4 507.8 10.51 2003 8422.6 82.45 820.4 101.0 .38 16.0 6.01 6.19 31.5 446.7 9.18 2004 356.4 2.07 17.7 110.7 .41 16.8 7.38 7.59 39.4 551.1 11.27 2005 439.9 2.55 22.7 96.6 .36 14.8 6.70 6.89 36.6 431.0 8.78 2006 502.1 2.91 27.4 84.1 .31 13.7 4.96 5.10 R27.4 466.2 9.47 2007 584.7 3.39 R31.5 94.5 .35 R14.7 5.73 5.89 R30.4 467.5 9.51 2008 476.6 2.76 26.1 101.3 .38 15.2 4.96 5.09 24.4 506.1 10.25 

1 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the natural

gas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, theroyalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included withnatural gas.

2 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants and

fractionators. 3 Data from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), arefor sales volumes. 4 Through 2000, data are on a calendar-year (January through December) basis. The only exception isin 1949-1974 with production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, which is on a fiscal-year (July throughJune) basis. 5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," Naval

Petroleum Reserve No. 1. 6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 an

Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer includ

7 Beginning in 2001, data are on a fiscal-year (October 

fiscal-year 2006 data are for October 2005 through September 2

8 A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diver

R=Revised. Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes o

including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public la

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.mrm.mms.gov.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use

Total, 1980-2008 As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2By Fuel, 2008 By Petroleum Product, 200832 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Note: See Note 3, “Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels,” at end of Source: Table 1.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

Percent

Total 

Petroleum Products

Coal

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.3 0.3

LPG1 Petro- Asphalt Petro- Lubri- 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

NGNFBUS

4.6

0.7

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

(s)

and

Road Oil

leum cants

Coke

chemical 

Feedstocks
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, Selected Years, 1980-2008

Year

Petroleum Products

Natural

Gas Coal 

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Pentanes

Plus Lubricants

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Petroleum

Coke

Special

Naphthas Other 1 Total

Physical Units 2

1980 145 230 3 ( ) 58 253 24 37 58 805 639 2.4 1985 156 265 13 53 144 15 30 41 718 500 1.1 1990 176 344 18 60 199 30 20 39 886 559 .6 1991 162 394 10 53 200 25 17 44 906 573 .6 1992 166 397 13 54 214 38 20 35 937 594 1.2 1993 174 389 60 55 216 21 20 33 969 607 .9 1994 176 437 56 58 222 23 15 35 1,022 673 .9 1995 178 450 66 57 215 22 13 34 1,035 668 .9 1996 177 470 69 55 217 25 14 34 1,061 681 .9 1997 184 473 65 58 250 20 14 35 1,100 706 .9 1998 190 494 44 61 252 35 20 39 1,137 762 .8 1999 200 520 57 62 238 47 28 37 1,188 753 .8 2000 192 479 51 61 243 23 19 38 1,106 767 .8 2001 189 445 44 56 214 34 15 39 1,036 732 .7 2002 187 465 37 55 229 32 20 38 1,063 657 .7 2003 184 441 37 51 247 27 15 36 1,038 655 .7 2004 196 453 37 52 287 R40 10 34 1,110 678 .7 2005 199 428 33 51 266 38 12 34 1,061 R681 .7 2006 185 439 23 42 R265 43 13 37 R1,047 R691 .6 2007 R180 R449 30 R52 R242 R71 15 36 R1,075 R692 .6 2008P 152 419 24 48 206 54 16 37 956 670 .6 

Quadrillion Btu

1980 0.96 0.78 3 ( ) 0.35 1.43 0.14 0.19 0.34 4.19 0.65 0.08 1985 1.03 .90 .06 .32 .82 .09 .16 .24 3.63 .52 .03 1990 1.17 1.20 .08 .36 1.12 .18 .11 .23 4.45 .58 .02 1991 1.08 1.38 .04 .32 1.15 .15 .09 .26 4.47 .59 .02 1992 1.10 1.39 .06 .33 1.20 .23 .10 .20 4.63 .61 .04 1993 1.15 1.35 .28 .34 1.22 .12 .10 .20 4.76 .62 .03 1994 1.17 1.55 .26 .35 1.26 .14 .08 .20 5.01 .69 .03 1995 1.18 1.59 .30 .35 1.21 .13 .07 .20 5.03 .69 .03 1996 1.18 1.65 .32 .34 1.21 .15 .07 .20 5.11 .70 .03 1997 1.22 1.67 .30 .35 1.40 .12 .07 .21 5.34 R.72 .03 1998 1.26 1.74 .20 .37 1.40 .21 .11 .23 5.54 .79 .03 1999 1.32 1.82 .26 .37 1.33 .28 .15 .22 5.76 .77 .03 2000 1.28 1.67 .24 .37 1.35 .14 .10 .22 5.35 .79 .03 2001 1.26 1.55 .20 .34 1.19 .21 .08 .23 5.06 .76 .02 2002 1.24 1.62 .17 .33 1.27 .19 .10 .22 5.16 .67 .02 2003 1.22 1.55 .17 .31 1.37 .16 .08 .21 5.07 .67 .02 2004 1.30 1.58 .17 .31 1.59 R.24 .05 .20 5.45 .70 .02 2005 1.32 1.49 .15 .31 1.47 .23 .06 .20 5.24 R.70 .02 2006 1.26 1.52 .11 .25 R1.48 .26 .07 .22 R5.16 .71 .02 2007 R1.20 1.54 .14 R.31 R1.35 R.43 .08 .21 R5.26 R.71 .02 2008P 1.01 1.44 .11 .29 1.15 .32 .08 .21 4.63 .69 .02 

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. 2 Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons. 3 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. Notes: • Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy

consumption (see Table 1.3). • See Note, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. • Because ofchanges in methodology, data series may be revised annually. • Estimates of nonfuel use in this table areconsidered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which are consideredtransportation use. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1980, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.htm

Sources: Petroleum Products: • 1980—Energy Information 

Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petr• 1981 forward—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, an• 1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, HydConsumed. • 1981 forward—U.S. Department of Commerce. CoaTrade Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, United States Pr1997). • 1996 forward—EIA estimates. Percent of Total Energy total by total consumption on Table 1.3.
Energy Overview

Note. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the UnitedStates and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some areused directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofingand paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products thatare used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used invehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemical feedstocks are used tomake plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products; and natural gas is used tomake nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the chemical industry. For moreinformation, see Energy Information Administration, “Emissions of GreenhouseGases in the United States” (“Nonfuel Use of Energy Inputs” section in Chapter 2),at http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.Table 1.14 Sources; Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10): • 1949-1980—U.S.Geological Survey (USGS), Federal and Indian Lands Oil and Gas Production,Royalty Income, and Related Statistics, and Federal and Indian Lands Coal, Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Mineral Production, Royalty Income, and

Related Statistics (June 1981). U.S. Department of EPetroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (NPOSR), unpubliPetroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues Repand Indian Leases, annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, 

National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished daMineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Feder

reports; and DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data. • Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal 

annual reports. • 2001 forward—DOI, MMS, "20Information." Btu Data: Data in columns 2, 5, 8, aplying the physical data by approximate heat contenTables A2, A4, and A5. Data in column 13 arcolumns. Percent of U.S. Total: Percentages production on federally administered lands by totaplying by 100. Calendar-year values for total U.S5.1, 6.1, and 7.1; fiscal-year values for total U.S

October-September values from the Monthly Energ

3.1, 4.1, and 6.1.

34 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Energy Consumption by S

2

Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from the inSource: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Tran

1 Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in

"Renewable Energy."

2 Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.3 Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.4 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.5 Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

6 Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) a

plants.

7 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent d

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual 

2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2008 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2008 Electric Power Sector, 1949-200838 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Note: See Note 2, “Primary Energy Consumption,” at end of Section 1. 

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

22%

Transportation

28%

31%

C

19%

Residential

Commercial

Co

Natural Gas

Rene

Ene

21.6

18.5

31.2

27.9

40.1

6.8

4.0

20.6

27.8

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2008

Residential, By Major Source Commercial, By Major SourceIndustrial, By Major Source Transportation, By Major Source

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Natural 

1 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity. Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu Natural Gas

Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

Electrical

Losses1

Electrical

Losses1

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy

Coal Coal

Petroleum

Electricity

Petroleum

Petrol

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530

Quadrillion Btu Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal
40 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector 3,4

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation

Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5

1949 4,475 5,614 2,661 3,661 12,627 14,717 7,880 7,990 4,339 1950 4,848 6,007 2,824 3,883 13,881 16,233 8,384 8,493 4,679 1955 5,633 7,303 2,548 3,882 16,091 19,472 9,475 9,551 6,461 1960 6,689 9,078 2,702 4,589 16,977 20,823 10,560 10,597 8,158 1965 7,328 10,689 3,150 5,820 20,124 25,075 12,400 12,434 11,014 1970 8,353 13,798 4,196 8,307 22,975 29,641 16,061 16,098 16,259 1971 8,457 14,278 4,283 8,681 22,732 29,601 16,693 16,729 17,124 1972 8,655 14,891 4,369 9,145 23,532 30,953 17,681 17,716 18,466 1973 8,250 14,930 4,381 9,507 24,741 32,653 18,576 18,612 19,753 1974 7,928 14,683 4,221 9,363 23,816 31,819 18,086 18,119 19,933 1975 8,006 14,842 4,023 9,466 21,454 29,447 18,209 18,244 20,307 1976 8,408 15,441 4,333 10,035 22,685 31,430 19,065 19,099 21,513 1977 8,207 15,689 4,217 10,177 23,193 32,307 19,784 19,820 22,591 1978 8,272 16,156 4,269 10,481 23,276 32,733 20,580 20,615 23,587 1979 7,934 15,842 4,333 10,627 R24,212 33,962 20,436 20,471 23,987 1980 7,453 15,787 4,074 10,563 22,610 32,077 19,658 19,696 24,327 1981 7,058 15,295 3,805 10,602 21,338 30,756 19,476 19,513 24,488 1982 7,154 15,557 3,835 10,847 R19,076 R27,657 19,051 19,088 24,034 1983 6,841 15,457 3,806 10,923 R18,578 R27,481 19,132 19,175 24,679 1984 R7,221 R15,998 R3,969 R11,436 R20,198 R29,625 19,607 19,654 25,719 1985 7,161 16,088 3,695 11,444 R19,468 R28,877 20,041 20,087 26,132 1986 6,922 16,029 3,657 11,604 R19,099 R28,333 20,740 20,789 26,338 1987 6,941 16,321 3,736 11,943 R19,977 R29,444 21,419 21,469 27,104 1988 7,372 17,186 3,958 12,575 R20,884 R30,739 22,267 22,318 28,338 1989 7,586 17,858 4,004 13,203 R20,897 R31,398 22,425 22,479 430,025 1990 6,570 17,015 3,858 13,333 R21,208 R31,895 22,366 22,420 30,660 1991 6,758 17,490 3,906 R13,513 R20,854 R31,487 22,065 22,118 31,025 1992 6,963 17,427 3,951 13,454 R21,787 R32,661 22,363 22,416 30,893 1993 7,156 18,289 3,934 13,836 R21,785 R32,721 22,716 22,770 32,025 1994 6,991 18,181 3,979 14,111 R22,422 R33,607 23,312 23,367 32,563 1995 6,946 18,578 4,063 14,698 R22,748 R34,047 23,793 23,849 33,621 1996 7,471 19,562 4,235 15,181 R23,444 R34,989 24,384 24,439 34,638 1997 7,040 19,026 4,257 15,694 R23,722 35,288 24,697 24,752 35,045 1998 6,424 19,021 3,964 15,979 23,211 34,928 25,203 25,258 36,385 1999 6,784 19,621 4,007 16,384 22,991 34,855 25,894 25,951 37,136 2000 7,169 20,488 4,227 17,176 22,871 34,757 26,492 26,552 38,214 2001 6,879 20,106 4,036 17,141 21,836 32,806 R26,216 R26,279 37,366 2002 6,938 20,874 4,099 17,367 21,857 R32,764 R26,788 R26,849 38,171 2003 7,252 21,208 4,239 17,351 21,576 32,650 26,928 27,002 38,218 2004 7,019 21,178 4,180 17,664 22,455 33,609 27,820 27,899 38,876 2005 R6,921 R21,697 4,014 17,875 R21,466 R32,545 28,280 28,361 39,799 2006 R6,191 R20,770 R3,703 R17,724 R21,632 R32,541 R28,761 R28,841 39,589 2007 R6,626 R21,619 R3,896 R18,287 R21,454 R32,523 R29,046 R29,134 R40,542 2008P 6,778 21,637 3,972 18,541 20,630 31,210 27,842 27,925 40,090 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricityretail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section. 7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the 

total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total eof the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conv

8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into 

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b-2.1f.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electric

Retai

Sales 

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum Total Geothermal Solar/PV Biomass Total

1949 1,272 1,027 1,121 3,420 NA NA 1,055 1,055 4,475 228 1950 1,261 1,240 1,340 3,842 NA NA 1,006 1,006 4,848 246 1955 867 2,198 1,792 4,858 NA NA 775 775 5,633 438 1960 585 3,212 2,265 6,062 NA NA 627 627 6,689 687 1965 352 4,028 2,481 6,860 NA NA 468 468 7,328 993 1970 209 4,987 2,755 7,952 NA NA 401 401 8,353 1,591 1971 172 5,126 2,777 8,075 NA NA 382 382 8,457 1,704 1972 116 5,264 2,895 8,276 NA NA 380 380 8,655 1,838 1973 94 4,977 2,825 7,896 NA NA 354 354 8,250 1,976 1974 82 4,901 2,573 7,557 NA NA 371 371 7,928 1,973 1975 63 5,023 2,495 7,580 NA NA 425 425 8,006 2,007 1976 59 5,147 2,720 7,927 NA NA 482 482 8,408 2,069 1977 57 4,913 2,695 7,666 NA NA 542 542 8,207 2,202 1978 49 4,981 2,620 7,651 NA NA 622 622 8,272 2,301 1979 37 5,055 2,114 7,206 NA NA 728 728 7,934 2,330 1980 31 4,825 1,748 6,603 NA NA 850 850 7,453 2,448 1981 30 4,614 1,543 6,188 NA NA 870 870 7,058 2,464 1982 32 4,711 1,441 6,184 NA NA 970 970 7,154 2,489 1983 31 4,478 1,362 5,871 NA NA 970 970 6,841 2,562 1984 40 4,661 R1,540 R6,241 NA NA 980 980 R7,221 2,662 1985 39 4,534 1,578 6,151 NA NA 1,010 1,010 7,161 2,709 1986 40 4,405 1,556 6,002 NA NA 920 920 6,922 2,795 1987 37 4,420 1,634 6,091 NA NA 850 850 6,941 2,902 1988 37 4,735 1,690 6,462 NA NA 910 910 7,372 3,046 1989 31 4,899 1,679 6,608 5 53 920 978 7,586 3,090 1990 31 4,491 1,407 5,929 6 56 580 641 6,570 3,153 1991 25 4,667 1,392 6,085 6 58 610 674 6,758 3,260 1992 26 4,805 1,427 6,257 6 60 640 706 6,963 3,193 1993 26 5,063 1,448 6,537 7 62 550 618 7,156 3,394 1994 21 4,960 1,420 6,401 6 64 520 590 6,991 3,441 1995 17 4,954 1,383 6,355 7 65 520 591 6,946 3,557 1996 17 5,354 1,488 6,859 7 65 540 612 7,471 3,694 1997 16 5,093 1,428 6,537 8 65 430 503 7,040 3,671 1998 12 4,646 1,314 5,971 8 65 380 452 6,424 3,856 1999 14 4,835 1,473 6,322 9 64 390 462 6,784 3,906 2000 11 5,105 1,563 6,679 9 61 420 490 7,169 4,069 2001 12 4,889 1,539 6,440 9 60 370 439 6,879 4,100 2002 12 5,014 1,463 6,489 10 59 380 449 6,938 4,317 2003 12 5,230 1,539 6,781 13 58 400 471 7,252 4,353 2004 11 4,986 1,539 6,537 14 59 410 483 7,019 4,408 2005 8 4,951 1,455 6,414 16 61 R430 R507 R6,921 4,638 2006 6 4,476 R1,233 R5,715 18 67 R390 R475 R6,191 4,611 2007 R8 R4,840 R1,251 R6,099 22 R75 R430 R527 R6,626 R4,750 2008P 7 4,994 1,178 6,179 26 83 490 599 6,778 4,706 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Seciton 6. 4 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.

5 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
42 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electr

Reta

Sale

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Biomass Total

1949 1,554 360 727 2,641 NA NA 20 20 2,661 201950 1,542 401 862 2,805 NA NA 19 19 2,824 221955 801 651 1,081 2,533 NA NA 15 15 2,548 351960 407 1,056 1,228 2,690 NA NA 12 12 2,702 541965 265 1,490 1,386 3,142 NA NA 9 9 3,150 781970 165 2,473 1,551 4,189 NA NA 8 8 4,196 1,201971 179 2,587 1,510 4,276 NA NA 7 7 4,283 1,281972 153 2,678 1,530 4,362 NA NA 7 7 4,369 1,401973 160 2,649 1,565 4,374 NA NA 7 7 4,381 1,511974 175 2,617 1,423 4,214 NA NA 7 7 4,221 1,501975 147 2,558 1,310 4,015 NA NA 8 8 4,023 1,591976 144 2,718 1,461 4,323 NA NA 9 9 4,333 1,671977 148 2,548 1,511 4,207 NA NA 10 10 4,217 1,751978 165 2,643 1,450 4,257 NA NA 12 12 4,269 1,811979 149 2,836 1,334 4,319 NA NA 14 14 4,333 1,851980 115 2,651 1,287 4,053 NA NA 21 21 4,074 1,901981 137 2,557 1,090 3,784 NA NA 21 21 3,805 2,031982 155 2,650 1,008 3,813 NA NA 22 22 3,835 2,071983 162 2,486 1,136 3,784 NA NA 22 22 3,806 2,111984 169 2,582 R1,195 R3,946 NA NA 22 22 R3,969 2,261985 137 2,488 1,045 3,670 NA NA 24 24 3,695 2,351986 135 2,367 1,126 3,629 NA NA 27 27 3,657 2,431987 125 2,489 1,093 3,707 NA NA 30 30 3,736 2,531988 131 2,731 1,063 3,925 NA NA 33 33 3,958 2,671989 115 2,785 1,002 3,902 1 3 99 102 4,004 2,761990 124 2,682 953 3,760 1 3 94 98 3,858 2,861991 116 2,795 895 3,806 1 3 95 100 3,906 2,911992 117 2,871 854 3,842 1 3 105 109 3,951 2,901993 117 2,923 780 3,820 1 3 109 114 3,934 3,011994 118 2,962 787 3,867 1 4 106 112 3,979 3,111995 117 3,096 732 3,945 1 5 113 118 4,063 3,251996 122 3,226 751 4,099 1 5 129 135 4,235 3,341997 129 3,285 704 4,118 1 6 131 138 4,257 3,501998 93 3,083 661 3,837 1 7 118 127 3,964 3,671999 103 3,115 661 3,879 1 7 121 129 4,007 3,762000 92 3,252 756 4,099 1 8 119 128 4,227 3,952001 97 3,097 741 3,935 1 8 92 101 4,036 4,062002 90 3,225 680 3,995 (s) 9 95 104 4,099 4,112003 82 3,274 770 4,126 1 11 101 113 4,239 4,092004 103 3,204 755 4,062 1 12 105 118 4,180 4,192005 97 3,076 721 3,894 1 14 105 119 4,014 4,352006 R65 R2,902 R620 R3,586 1 14 102 117 R3,703 4,432007 R70 R3,095 R613 R3,778 1 14 R102 R118 R3,896 R4,562008P 67 3,204 578 3,850 1 15 107 123 3,972 4,61

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass." 5 Conventional hydroelectric power. 6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.

7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combin

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Ele

R

S

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Primary

Coal Coke

Net Imports

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Biomass Total

1949 5,433 -7 3,188 3,468 12,083 76 NA 468 544 12,627 1950 5,781 1 3,546 3,951 13,279 69 NA 532 602 13,881 1955 5,620 -10 4,701 5,111 15,421 38 NA 631 669 16,091 1960 4,543 -6 5,973 5,747 16,258 39 NA 680 719 16,977 1965 5,127 -18 7,339 6,789 19,236 33 NA 855 888 20,124 1970 4,656 -58 9,536 7,787 21,922 34 NA 1,019 1,053 22,975 1971 3,944 -33 9,892 7,856 21,659 34 NA 1,040 1,074 22,732 21972 3,993 -26 9,884 8,534 22,385 34 NA 1,113 1,147 23,532 21973 4,057 -7 10,388 9,104 23,541 35 NA 1,165 1,200 24,741 21974 3,870 56 10,004 8,694 22,624 33 NA 1,159 1,192 23,816 21975 3,667 14 8,532 8,146 20,359 32 NA 1,063 1,096 21,454 21976 3,661 (s) 8,762 9,010 21,432 33 NA 1,220 1,253 22,685 21977 3,454 15 8,635 9,774 21,879 33 NA 1,281 1,314 23,193 21978 3,314 125 8,539 9,867 21,845 32 NA 1,400 1,432 23,276 21979 3,593 63 8,549 10,568 22,773 34 NA 1,405 1,439 R24,212 1980 3,155 -35 8,333 9,525 20,977 33 NA 1,600 1,633 22,610 21981 3,157 -16 8,185 8,285 19,610 33 NA 1,695 1,728 21,338 21982 2,552 -22 7,068 7,795 17,393 33 NA R1,650 R1,683 R19,076 1983 2,490 -16 6,776 7,420 16,670 33 NA R1,875 R1,908 R18,578 1984 2,842 -11 7,405 R8,010 R18,246 33 NA R1,919 R1,952 R20,198 1985 2,760 -13 7,032 7,738 17,516 33 NA R1,919 R1,952 R19,468 1986 2,641 -17 6,646 7,880 17,150 33 NA R1,916 R1,949 R19,099 1987 2,673 9 7,283 8,065 18,029 33 NA R1,915 R1,948 R19,977 1988 2,828 40 7,655 8,339 18,861 33 NA R1,990 R2,023 R20,884 1989 2,787 30 8,088 8,120 19,025 28 2 R1,842 R1,872 R20,897 1990 2,756 5 8,451 8,278 19,490 31 2 R1,685 R1,718 R21,208 1991 2,601 10 8,572 7,987 19,169 30 2 R1,653 R1,685 R20,854 1992 2,515 35 8,918 8,581 20,048 31 2 R1,706 R1,739 R21,787 1993 2,496 27 9,070 8,417 20,011 30 2 R1,742 R1,774 R21,785 1994 2,510 58 9,126 8,799 20,493 62 3 R1,864 R1,929 R22,422 1995 2,488 61 9,592 8,613 20,754 55 3 R1,936 R1,994 R22,748 1996 2,434 23 9,901 9,052 21,410 61 3 1,970 R2,034 R23,444 1997 2,395 46 9,933 9,289 21,663 58 3 R1,998 R2,059 R23,722 1998 2,335 67 9,763 9,114 21,280 55 3 1,873 1,931 23,211 1999 2,227 58 9,375 9,395 21,054 49 4 1,883 1,936 22,991 2000 2,256 65 9,500 9,119 20,941 42 4 1,884 1,930 22,871 2001 2,192 29 8,676 9,217 20,115 33 5 1,684 1,721 21,836 2002 2,019 61 8,845 9,209 20,135 39 5 1,679 R1,722 21,857 2003 2,041 51 8,521 9,232 19,845 43 3 1,684 R1,730 21,576 2004 2,047 138 8,544 9,865 20,594 33 4 1,824 R1,860 22,455 2005 1,954 44 7,911 9,673 19,583 32 4 R1,847 R1,883 R21,466 2006 1,914 61 R7,846 R9,806 R19,627 29 4 R1,972 R2,005 R21,632 2007 R1,865 25 R8,030 R9,486 R19,406 R16 5 R2,028 R2,048 R21,454 R2008P 1,799 41 8,149 8,586 18,575 19 5 2,032 2,056 20,630 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass." 5 Conventional hydroelectric power. 6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.

7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "E

section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less t

trillion Btu.

Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combi

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.7, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, 
44 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 5

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4 Total Biomass

1949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 1950 1,564 130 6,690 8,384 NA 8,384 23 1955 421 254 8,800 9,475 NA 9,475 20 1960 75 359 10,126 10,560 NA 10,560 10 1965 16 517 11,868 12,400 NA 12,400 10 1970 7 745 15,310 16,061 NA 16,061 11 1971 5 766 15,923 16,693 NA 16,693 10 1972 4 787 16,891 17,681 NA 17,681 10 1973 3 743 17,831 18,576 NA 18,576 11 1974 2 685 17,399 18,086 NA 18,086 10 1975 1 595 17,614 18,209 NA 18,209 10 1976 (s) 559 18,506 19,065 NA 19,065 10 1977 (s) 543 19,241 19,784 NA 19,784 10 1978 7 ( ) 539 20,041 20,580 NA 20,580 10 1979 7 ( ) 612 19,825 20,436 NA 20,436 10 1980 7 ( ) 650 R19,009 19,658 NA 19,658 11 1981 7 ( ) 658 18,811 19,469 7 19,476 11 1982 7 ( ) 612 18,420 19,032 19 19,051 11 1983 7 ( ) 505 18,593 19,098 34 19,132 13 1984 7 ( ) 545 19,020 19,565 42 19,607 14 1985 7 ( ) 519 19,471 19,990 51 20,041 14 1986 7 ( ) 499 20,182 20,681 59 20,740 15 1987 7 ( ) 535 20,816 21,352 67 21,419 16 1988 7 ( ) 632 21,567 22,198 68 22,267 16 1989 7 ( ) 649 21,706 22,355 69 22,425 16 1990 7 ( ) 680 21,625 22,305 62 22,366 16 1991 7 ( ) 620 21,373 21,994 72 22,065 16 1992 7 ( ) 608 21,674 22,282 81 22,363 16 1993 7 ( ) 645 21,976 22,621 96 22,716 16 1994 7 ( ) 709 22,496 23,205 107 23,312 17 1995 7 ( ) 724 22,954 23,678 115 23,793 17 1996 7 ( ) 737 23,565 24,302 82 24,384 17 1997 7 ( ) 780 23,813 24,593 104 24,697 17 1998 7 ( ) 666 24,422 25,088 115 25,203 17 1999 7 ( ) 675 25,098 25,774 120 25,894 17 2000 7 ( ) 672 25,682 26,354 138 26,492 18 2001 7 ( ) 658 25,413 26,071 145 R26,216 20 2002 7 ( ) 702 25,913 26,615 R173 R26,788 19 2003 7 ( ) 630 26,063 26,693 R234 26,928 23 2004 7 ( ) 603 26,922 27,525 R295 27,820 25 2005 7 ( ) 625 27,309 27,934 346 28,280 26 2006 7 ( ) R625 R27,652 R28,277 R484 R28,761 25 2007 7 ( ) 667 R27,766 R28,432 R614 R29,046 R28 2008P 7 ( ) 677 26,332 27,009 833 27,842 26 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels—see Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous

Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily incompressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuel—see Table 6.5.

4 Does not include the fuel ethanol portion of motor gasoline—fuel ethanol is included in "Biomass." 5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection. 7 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed fsector consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 2

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Solar/PV Wind Biomass 

1949 1,995 569 415 2,979 0 1,349 NA NA NA 6 1950 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 NA NA NA 5 1955 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 NA NA NA 3 1960 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569 1 NA NA 2 1965 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026 4 NA NA 3 21970 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600 11 NA NA 4 21971 7,299 4,099 2,495 13,893 413 2,790 12 NA NA 3 21972 7,811 4,084 3,097 14,992 584 2,829 31 NA NA 3 21973 8,658 3,748 3,515 15,921 910 2,827 43 NA NA 3 21974 8,534 3,519 3,365 15,418 1,272 3,143 53 NA NA 3 1975 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 70 NA NA 2 1976 9,720 3,152 3,477 16,349 2,111 2,943 78 NA NA 3 1977 10,262 3,284 3,901 17,446 2,702 2,301 77 NA NA 5 21978 10,238 3,297 3,987 17,522 3,024 2,905 64 NA NA 3 21979 11,260 3,613 3,283 18,156 2,776 2,897 84 NA NA 5 21980 12,123 3,778 2,634 18,534 2,739 2,867 110 NA NA 5 21981 12,583 3,730 2,202 18,516 3,008 2,725 123 NA NA 4 21982 12,582 3,312 1,568 17,462 3,131 3,233 105 NA NA 3 1983 13,213 2,972 1,544 17,729 3,203 3,494 129 NA (s) 4 1984 14,019 3,199 1,286 18,504 3,553 3,353 165 (s) (s) 9 1985 14,542 3,135 1,090 18,767 4,076 2,937 198 (s) (s) 14 1986 14,444 2,670 1,452 18,566 4,380 3,038 219 (s) (s) 12 1987 15,173 2,916 1,257 19,346 4,754 2,602 229 (s) (s) 15 21988 15,850 2,693 1,563 20,106 5,587 2,302 217 (s) (s) 17 219897 16,137 3,173 1,703 21,013 5,602 2,808 308 3 22 232 1990 16,261 3,309 1,289 20,859 6,104 3,014 326 4 29 317 1991 16,250 3,377 1,198 20,825 6,422 2,985 335 5 31 354 1992 16,466 3,512 991 20,968 6,479 2,586 338 4 30 402 1993 17,196 3,538 1,124 21,857 6,410 2,861 351 5 31 415 1994 17,261 3,977 1,059 22,297 6,694 2,620 325 5 36 434 1995 17,466 4,302 755 22,523 7,075 3,149 280 5 33 422 1996 18,429 3,862 817 23,109 7,087 3,528 300 5 33 438 41997 18,905 4,126 927 23,957 6,597 3,581 309 5 34 446 41998 19,216 4,675 1,306 25,197 7,068 3,241 311 5 31 444 41999 19,279 4,902 1,211 25,393 7,610 3,218 312 5 46 453 42000 20,220 5,293 1,144 26,658 7,862 2,768 296 5 57 453 2001 19,614 5,458 1,277 26,348 8,033 2,209 289 6 70 337 22002 19,783 5,767 961 26,511 8,143 2,650 305 6 105 380 2003 20,185 5,246 1,205 26,636 7,959 2,781 303 5 115 397 2004 20,305 5,595 1,212 27,112 8,222 2,656 311 6 142 388 2005 20,737 6,015 1,235 27,986 8,160 2,670 309 6 178 406 2006 20,462 6,375 648 27,485 8,214 2,839 306 5 264 412 2007 R20,808 R7,005 R657 R28,470 R8,458 R2,430 R308 6 R341 R423 R2008P 20,547 6,823 463 27,833 8,455 2,432 312 8 514 423 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 See Table 10.2c for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 See Table 5.14c for series components. 5 Conventional hydroelectric power. 6 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andcategory whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electric"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and 
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002

By Energy SourceBy North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code646 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Natural gas liquids.3 See “Breeze” in Glossary.4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.5 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.

6 See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries 

NAICS codes.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.2.

6.5

3.1 2.8

2.0

0.4 0.3 0.2

Natural Gas LPG1 and NGL2 Net Coal Coal Coke Residual Distillate 

-2

0

2

468

10

-2

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil

Electricity and Breeze3 Fuel Oil

1.1

0.1 0.2 0.1 (s) (s) 0.4

2.4

0.1

6.8 6.5

0.4

1.1

2.1

0.4 0.2 0.2 

311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2002

 (Trillion Btu )

NAICS 1

Code Manufacturing Group Coal

Coal Coke

and

Breeze 2 Natural Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil

LPG 3

 and

NGL 4

Residual

Fuel Oil

Net

Electricity 5 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 184 1 582 19 5 13 230  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 17 0 46 2 1 2 26  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 22 0 75 2 2 4 86  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... Q 0 29 Q 1 2 17  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0 0 16 1 (s) (s) 12  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 4 (s) (s) (s) 2  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 1 0 57 13 5 1 72  322 Paper ................................................................................ 236 4 504 13 6 100 223  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0 0 46 (s) 1 (s) 50  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... Q 2 878 19 24 25 127  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 344 6 2,307 14 3,001 87 522  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... Q 0 128 2 6 7 181  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 309 11 422 34 3 3 142  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 515 355 704 15 3 1 493  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 1 Q 210 6 3 Q 161  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 1 0 82 3 3 (s) 84  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... (s) 0 65 1 (s) 1 131  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ (s) (s) 53 1 1 (s) 47  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 8 Q 203 4 4 6 172  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 1 0 25 1 1 (s) 24  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0 0 32 1 1 (s) 35  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,958 385 6,468 152 3,070 255 2,840 

1 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 See "Breeze" in Glossary. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Natural gas liquids. 5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equalto 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which arenonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).

7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to

another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtra

8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, di

natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, min

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the 

percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for 

material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy thproduced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey."
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 

By Selected End Use1By Energy Source48 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,006 trillion Btu).2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.3 Excludes coal coke and breeze.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases.5 Natural gas liquids.

Source: Table 2.3.

1.6

0.7

0.20.20.2

0.1

Process Heating

Machine Drive

Facility HVAC2

Electrochemical Processes

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Facility Lighting

Conventional Electricity Generation

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 

Quadrillion Btu

5.8

2.8

1.2

0.2 0.1 

Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal 3 Residual Distillate 

0

1

2

34567

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End 

End-Use Category

Net Electricity 1 Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil LPG 2 and NGL 3 Natural Gas 

Million Kilowatthours Million Barrels Billion Cubic Feet 

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 3,540 20 6 2 2,105 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 2,496 12 4 2 1,271  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .......................... 1,043 8 2 (s) 834 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 650,100 10 7 16 2,878  Process Heating ........................................................ 100,541 9 4 15 2,670  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 56,723 (s) (s) (s) 44  Machine Drive ............................................................. 417,998 (s) 3 1 106  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 71,045 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 3,793 (s) (s) (s) 58  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 150,530 1 9 6 500  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 76,840 1 1 1 406  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 57,460 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 14,087 (s) (s) (s) 29  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 1,212 – – 6 5 2  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) Q (s) 54  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 931 (s) Q (s) 10 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 28,087 3 2 2 157 Total ................................................................................. 832,257 33 24 26 5,641 

Trillion Btu

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 12 127 35 8 2,162 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 9 76 25 8 1,306  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ......................... 4 51 10 (s) 857 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 2,218 60 43 64 2,956  Process Heating ........................................................ 343 58 24 60 2,742  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 194 (s) 2 (s) 45  Machine Drive ............................................................. 1,426 2 16 4 109  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 242 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 13 (s) 1 (s) 60  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 514 4 50 24 513  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 262 3 5 5 417  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 196 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 48 (s) 1 (s) 30  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 4 – – 35 18 2  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – 1 Q (s) 55  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 3 (s) Q (s) 10 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 96 17 12 6 162 Total ................................................................................. 2,840 208 141 103 5,794 

1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Natural gas liquids. 4 Excludes coal coke and breeze. 5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,006 trillion Btu). 6 Combined-heat-and-power plants. 7 Excludes steam and hot water.

– – = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the total consumption of en

electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produquantities of energy that were originally produced offsite aestablishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. basis of reasonable approximations by respondents. • Totals independent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zwithheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 p

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey."
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption by All Households, by Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption per Household, by Cen50 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 For years not shown, there are no data available. Notes: • Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fue

leum gases; data do not include wood. • For years not s

Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shown through 

1987 forward are for the calendar year. • See Appendix C fo Source: Table 2.4.

10.6

9.7

9.3 9.3

8.6

9.0 9.1 9.2

10.0 10.3 9.9 10.6

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu2.52

2.91

Northeast Midwest 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

138

126

114112

102 105 101 98 104 101

92 95

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005

0

50

100150

Million Btu

122

113

Northeast Midwest 

0

20406080

100120140

Million Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005

 (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)

Census Region 1 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 

Northeast (total does not include wood) .............. 2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.30 2.38 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 1.14 1.05 .94 1.01 .96 .93 1.03 1.03 1.11  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .39 .39 .41 .40 .37 .41 .44 .47 .47  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 .93 .83 .93 .87 .78 .78  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .02 .02 .03  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .26 .27 .24 .21 .17 .12 .14  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 122 

Midwest (total does not include wood) ................ 3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.81 3.13 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.88 2.07  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .60 .59 .60 .56 .56 .55 .61 .66 .74  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .46 .31 .17 .19 .16 .13 .16 .13 .13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .12 .10 .15 .13 .11 .13 .13 .13 .19  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .25 .25 .27 .27 .25 .17 .11  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 134 

South (total does not include wood) .................... 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.60 2.95 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .96 .91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.03 1.18  Electricity 2 .......................................................... 1.00 .97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.36 1.51  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .32 .28 .25 .14 .18 .16 .17 .11 .13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .15 .14 .14 .12 .12 .12 .12 .10 .13  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .23 .21 .33 .33 .26 .17 .17  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 88 

West (total does not include wood) ...................... 1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.51 1.55 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .95 .88 .86 .90 .85 .91 .88 .92 .91  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .48 .47 .41 .46 .41 .47 .48 .54 .56  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .09 .09 .04 .03 .03 .04 .02 .02 .03  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .05 .03 .04  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .11 .13 .13 .17 .17 .12 .12  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 76 

United States (total does not include wood) ........ 10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.22 10.01 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.86 5.27  Electricity 2 .......................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.03 3.28  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.04 1.07  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .33 .31 .35 .31 .29 .31 .32 .28 .38  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .85 .87 .97 .98 .85 .58 .55  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 104 

1 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 2 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 3 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. • For years not shown, there are

no data available. • Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data

for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. • Totals may not eq

rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administrati

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Consumption by Energy Source, 2005 Expenditures1, Selected Years, 1978-20052

Consumption1 by End Use, 2005 Consumption1 for Space Heating, 2005

52 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Does not include wood, which is used for both space heating and ambiance.2 For years not shown, there are no data available.3 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.4 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.

5 Liquefied petroleum gases.6 Used for both space heating and ambiance.

Source: Table 2.5.

55

63

76 83 87

97 98

110

124

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 

0

50

100150200250

Billion Nominal Dollars3

4.8

4.4

0.9

0.5 0.4

Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil LPG Wood

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

4 6

4.30

3.25

2.12

0.88

Space Heating Appliances Water Heating Air Conditioning

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

5

2.95

0.75

Natural Gas Fuel Oil Ele

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

4 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,

 Selected Years, 1978-2005

Year

Space Heating 1

Air

Conditioning 2 Water Heating Appliances 3,4 

Natural

Gas

Electricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Electricity 5 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 LPG 7 Natural Gas 2 El

tric

Consumption (quadrillion Btu)

1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 R0.31 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.28 R1.46 0.03 5.58 21979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.31 21980 3.41 .27 1.30 .23 .36 1.15 .30 .22 .07 .36 1.54 .05 4.97 21981 3.69 .26 1.06 .21 .34 1.13 .30 .22 .06 .43 1.52 .05 5.27 21982 3.14 .25 1.04 .19 .31 1.15 .28 .15 .06 .43 1.50 .05 4.74 21984 3.51 .25 1.11 .21 .32 1.10 .32 .15 .06 .35 1.59 .04 4.98 21987 3.38 .28 1.05 .22 .44 1.10 .31 .17 .06 .34 1.72 .04 4.83 21990 3.37 .30 .93 .19 .48 1.16 .34 .11 .06 .33 1.91 .03 4.86 31993 3.67 .41 .95 .30 .46 1.31 .34 .12 .05 .29 2.08 .03 5.27 31997 3.61 .40 .91 .26 .42 1.29 .39 .16 .08 .37 2.33 .02 5.28 32001 3.32 .39 .62 .28 .62 1.15 .36 .13 .05 .37 2.52 .05 4.84 32005 2.95 .28 .75 .32 .88 1.41 .42 .14 .15 .43 2.77 .05 4.79 4

Expenditures (billion nominal dollars 9)

1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 R3.97 2.88 R3.15 0.56 0.36 0.93 R19.24 0.25 15.30 291979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 17.84 321980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 .57 1.91 26.74 .44 19.77 401981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 .51 2.17 29.70 .52 24.03 441982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 .54 2.58 31.29 .52 26.96 461984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 .58 2.31 36.36 .54 29.78 541987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 9.77 6.02 6.45 .94 .50 2.02 39.83 .46 26.15 611990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 11.23 6.59 7.21 .83 .65 2.03 46.95 .48 27.26 711993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 11.31 8.08 7.58 .74 .58 1.98 53.52 .42 32.04 811997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 .89 2.86 60.57 .36 35.81 882001 31.84 8.98 5.66 4.04 15.94 11.31 8.47 1.15 .69 3.83 66.94 .86 46.98 1002005 31.97 7.42 10.99 6.35 25.26 15.57 11.13 2.00 3.28 4.80 80.92 1.37 52.37 124

1 Wood used for space heating is included in "Total Wood." 2 A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Total Natural Gas." 3 Includes refrigerators. 4 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under

"Total." 5 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu. 6 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases.

8 Wood used for both space heating and ambience. 9 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, ther

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administrati

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances

Share of Households With Selected Appliances and Electronics, 1980 and 2005Share of Households With Other Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2005 Space Heating by Main 54 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Natural gas and electric.2 Not collected in 1980.3 Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases.4 Households with both central and individual room units are counted only under “Central.”

5 Liquefied petroleum gases.6 Kerosene, coal, solar, other fuel, or no heat.

Source: Table 2.6.

100 99 99

88

83 79

68

100 99 98

14

74

61

3

Refrigerator Range/Stove/ Television Microwave Clothes Clothes Personal D

0

20406080

100

Percent

Dryer1

(

2

)

Oven1 Oven Washer Computer 

35

17

78

22

59

25

16

46

14

86

14

27 30

43

Range/Stove Clothes One Two or Central Window or None

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 2005

Air Conditioning Equipment4

Dryer

Natural Gas 52%

Refrigerator

More Wall Unit

Gas Appliances3

Oven System
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005

Appliance

Year 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 

Total Households (millions) .............. 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 101 

Percent of Households

Space Heating - Main Fuel

 Natural Gas ........................................ 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53 R 52  Electricity 1 .......................................... 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26 29  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................ 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5  Distillate Fuel Oil ................................. 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 9  Wood .................................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3 2  Other 2 or No Space Heating .............. 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 

Air Conditioning - Equipment

 Central System 3 ................................ 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44 47  Window/Wall Unit 3 ............................. 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25 25  None ................................................... 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 28 

Water Heating - Main Fuel

 Natural Gas ........................................ 55 55 54 55 56 54 54 53 53 52  Electricity 1 .......................................... 33 33 32 33 32 33 35 37 38 39  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................ 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3  Distillate Fuel Oil ................................. 8 7 9 7 7 6 6 5 5 5  Other 2 or No Water Heating .............. 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Appliances and Electronics

 Refrigerator 4 ...................................... 100 NA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100  One ................................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85 85  Two or More ..................................... 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 15  Separate Freezer ................................ 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35 33  Clothes Washer .................................. 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77 77  Clothes Dryer - Total .......................... 59 NA 61 61 60 62 66 69 70 71  Natural Gas ...................................... 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 R 14 R 15  Electric .............................................. 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57 55  Dishwasher ......................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45 50  Range/Stove/Oven ............................. 99 NA 99 100 99 99 99 100 100 99  Natural Gas ...................................... 48 NA 46 46 47 46 43 42 33 35  Electric .............................................. 53 NA 57 56 56 57 60 59 63 62  Microwave Oven ................................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84 83  Television ........................................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 R 99  One or Two ....................................... NA NA 85 84 83 80 75 71 70 69  Three or More ................................... NA NA 14 14 15 18 23 28 28 29  Personal Computer ............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA R NA R NA 35  One ................................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29  Two or More ..................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 

1 Retail electricity. 2 Kerosene, solar, or other fuel. 3 Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central

System."

4 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 percent. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administra

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007

By Fuel TypeBy Fuel Type, Share of Total56 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Includes coal coke.

4 Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 2.7.

57

36

9 6

1 (

11

(s)

9

1

4

14

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Million Occupied Housing Units1

1950 2007

51

33

8 6

1 (

26

1

22

2

10

34

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Percent

1950 2007
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007

Year Coal 1

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Natural

Gas Electricity Wood Solar Other 2 

Million Occupied Housing Units

1950 14.48 9.46 4 ( ) 0.98 11.12 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 1960 6.46 17.16 4 ( ) 2.69 22.85 .93 2.24 NA .22 1970 1.82 16.47 4 ( ) 3.81 35.01 4.88 .79 NA .27 1973 .80 17.24 4 ( ) 4.42 38.46 7.21 .60 NA .15 1974 .74 16.84 4 ( ) 4.14 39.47 8.41 .66 NA .09 1975 .57 16.30 4 ( ) 4.15 40.93 9.17 .85 NA .08 1976 .48 16.45 4 ( ) 4.24 41.22 10.15 .91 NA .09 1977 .45 15.62 .44 4.18 41.54 11.15 1.24 NA .15 1978 .40 15.65 .42 4.13 42.52 12.26 1.07 NA .12 1979 .36 15.30 .41 4.13 43.32 13.24 1.14 NA .10 1980 .33 14.50 .37 4.17 44.40 14.21 1.38 NA .11 1981 .36 14.13 .37 4.17 46.08 15.49 1.89 NA .10 1983 5 .43 12.59 .45 3.87 46.70 15.68 4.09 NA .16 1985 .45 12.44 1.06 3.58 45.33 18.36 6.25 .05 .37 1987 .41 12.74 1.08 3.66 45.96 20.61 5.45 .05 .28 1989 .34 12.47 1.07 3.66 47.40 23.06 4.59 .04 .40 1991 .32 11.47 .99 3.88 47.02 23.71 4.44 .03 .41 1993 .30 11.17 1.02 3.92 47.67 25.11 4.10 .03 .50 1995 .21 10.98 1.06 4.25 49.20 26.77 3.53 .02 .64 1997 .18 10.10 .75 5.40 51.05 29.20 1.79 .03 .36 1999 .17 10.03 .72 5.91 52.37 31.14 1.70 .02 .21 2001 6 .13 9.81 .65 6.04 54.13 32.41 1.67 .02 .19 2003 .13 9.50 .64 6.13 54.93 32.34 1.56 .02 .16 2005 .10 9.38 .55 6.23 56.32 34.26 1.41 .02 .21 2007 .09 8.74 .57 6.10 56.68 36.08 1.47 .02 .46 

Percent

1950 33.8 22.1 4 ( ) 2.3 26.0 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 1960 12.2 32.4 4 ( ) 5.1 43.1 1.8 4.2 NA .4 1970 2.9 26.0 4 ( ) 6.0 55.2 7.7 1.3 NA .4 1973 1.2 24.9 4 ( ) 6.4 55.5 10.4 .9 NA .2 1974 1.0 23.8 4 ( ) 5.8 55.7 11.9 .9 NA .1 1975 .8 22.5 4 ( ) 5.7 56.4 12.6 1.2 NA .1 1976 .7 22.2 4 ( ) 5.7 55.7 13.7 1.2 NA .1 1977 .6 20.7 .6 5.6 55.2 14.8 1.6 NA .2 1978 .5 20.3 .5 5.4 55.1 15.9 1.4 NA .2 1979 .5 19.5 .5 5.3 55.1 16.9 1.4 NA .1 1980 .4 18.1 .5 5.2 55.4 17.7 1.7 NA .1 1981 .4 17.0 .4 5.0 55.4 18.6 2.3 NA .1 1983 5 .5 14.9 .5 4.6 55.2 18.5 4.8 NA .2 1985 .5 14.1 1.2 4.1 51.3 20.8 7.1 .1 .4 1987 .4 14.0 1.2 4.0 50.6 22.7 6.0 .1 .3 1989 .4 13.3 1.1 3.9 50.6 24.6 4.9 (s) .4 1991 .3 12.3 1.1 4.2 50.5 25.5 4.8 (s) .4 1993 .3 11.8 1.1 4.1 50.3 26.5 4.3 (s) .5 1995 .2 11.2 1.1 4.4 50.4 27.4 3.6 (s) .7 1997 .2 10.2 .8 5.4 51.3 29.4 1.8 (s) .4 1999 .2 9.8 .7 5.7 50.9 30.3 1.7 (s) .2 2001 6 .1 9.3 .6 5.7 51.3 30.7 1.6 (s) .2 2003 .1 9.0 .6 5.8 51.9 30.6 1.5 (s) .1 2005 .1 8.6 .5 5.7 51.7 31.5 1.3 (s) .2 2007 .1 7.9 .5 5.5 51.2 32.6 1.3 (s) .4 

1 Includes coal coke. 2 Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),

purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.

3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively. 4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil." 5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey. 6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990

Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent. Notes: • Includes mobile homes and individual housing units 

more than one type of heating system are classified accordin• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.goSources: • 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, C

forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for 2-5.
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates

All Motor Vehicles,1 1949-2007Mileage, 1966-2007 Fuel Consumption, 1966-2007 Fuel Rates, 1966-200758 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.2 Miles per gallon.3 Miles per vehicle.4 Gallons per vehicle.

5 Sport utility vehicle.6 Through 1989, includes motorcycles.

Source: Table 2.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100 Fue

Passenger Cars6

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs5

Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs5

Trucks

Tr

Trucks

Passenger Cars6

Passenger 

1970 1980 1990 2000

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

1970 1980 

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2007

Year

Passenger Cars 1 Vans, Pickup Trucks, and Sport Utility Vehicles 2 Trucks 3 

Mileage

Fuel

Consumption Fuel Rate Mileage

Fuel

Consumption Fuel Rate Mileage

Fuel

Consumption Fuel Rate Mile

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

vehicle

Gallons

per vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Mile

Ve

1949 9,388 627 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 9,712 1,080 9.0 9,1950 9,060 603 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,1955 9,447 645 14.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,1960 9,518 668 14.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,1965 9,603 661 14.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,1970 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,1971 10,097 743 13.6 9,082 888 10.2 14,117 2,519 5.6 10,1972 10,171 754 13.5 9,534 922 10.3 14,780 2,657 5.6 10,1973 9,884 737 13.4 9,779 931 10.5 15,370 2,775 5.5 10,1974 9,221 677 13.6 9,452 862 11.0 14,995 2,708 5.5 9,41975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,1976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,1977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,1978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,1979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,1980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,41981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,41982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,1983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,1984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,1985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,1986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,1987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,1988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,1989 110,157 1533 119.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,1990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,1991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,1992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,1993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,1994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,1995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,1996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,1997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,1998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,1999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,2000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,2001 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,2002 12,202 555 22.0 11,364 650 17.5 27,071 4,642 5.8 12,2003 12,325 556 22.2 11,287 697 16.2 28,093 4,215 6.7 12,2004 12,460 553 22.5 11,184 690 16.2 27,023 4,057 6.7 12,2005 12,510 567 22.1 10,920 617 17.7 26,235 4,385 6.0 12,2006 R12,485 554 R22.5 R10,920 612 R17.8 R25,231 R4,304 5.9 R12,2007P 12,293 547 22.5 10,952 609 18.0 25,141 4,270 5.9 11,

1 Through 1989, includes motorcycles. 2 Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. 3 Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. 4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed. 5 Included in "Trucks."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://w

related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/

Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department o

Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summaforward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-2003By Census Region, 200360 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error 

fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.Source: Table 2.9.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 19

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

Fuel Oil2

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.2 

0.5

0.8

0.5 0.4

0.6

0.8

1.5

0.6

Northeast Midwest South West 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1 Natural Gas Fuel Oil2 District Heat

(s) (s) (s) Q
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Energy Source

and Year

Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity Ce

1,001 to

10,000

10,001 to

100,000

Over

100,000 Education

Food

Sales

Food

Service

Health

Care Lodging

Mercantile

and Service Office

All

Other Northeast Mid

Major Sources 2

1979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 511 3 ( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,

1983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 480 3 ( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,1986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,1989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,1992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,1995 4 ............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,

1999 ................ 1,381 2,300 2,053 649 201 447 515 450 1,145 1,089 1,237 1,116 1,2003 ................ 1,248 2,553 2,721 820 251 427 594 510 1,333 1,134 1,455 1,396 1,

Electricity 5

1979 ................ 429 872 608 163 3 ( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 

1983 ................ 469 903 758 152 3 ( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 1986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 1989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 1992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 1995 4 ............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 

1999 ................ 698 1,235 1,164 257 165 216 232 196 659 767 606 543 2003 ................ 685 1,405 1,469 371 208 217 248 235 883 719 679 587 

Natural Gas

1979 ................ 646 996 532 214 3 ( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,

1983 ................ 684 809 597 246 3 ( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 1986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 1989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 1992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 1995 4 ............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 

1999 ................ 604 803 616 227 31 216 217 181 446 219 486 299 2003 ................ 482 909 709 268 39 203 243 215 403 269 460 462 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ................ 177 272 231 107 3 ( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 

1983 ................ 85 140 90 61 3 ( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 1986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 1989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 1992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 1995 4 ............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 

1999 ................ 29 73 60 48 Q Q 19 Q 18 29 65 138 2003 ................ 71 74 83 47 Q Q 11 35 41 18 68 181 

District Heat 7

1979 ................ Q 61 136 27 3 ( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 

1983 ................ Q 83 202 21 3 ( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 1986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 1989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 1992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 1995 4 ............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 

1999 ................ Q 158 213 117 Q Q 46 68 Q 74 126 136 2003 ................ Q 165 460 134 NC Q Q Q Q 128 247 166 

1 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Included in "Food Service." 4 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and parking garages. 5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20

buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are fo

"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas,buildings using any of those fuels.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonrSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial 
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selecte

Buildings by Energy Source Used Consumption Consumption per SquaSquare Footage per Building by Expenditures Expenditures Per SquaEnergy Source Used62 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.3 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: For years not shown, there are no data available. Source: Table 2.10.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Buildings

1979 1983 1986 

0

255075

100125

Thousand Btu

Fuel Oil2

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

District Heat District Heat

Natural Gas Natural Gas

Electricity1

Fuel Oil2 

Fuel Oil2

Electricity1

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Thousand Square Feet

1979 1983 1986 

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Nominal Dollars2

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Billion Nominal Dollars3 

Natural Gas Fuel Oil2

Fuel O

Electricity1

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

District Heat
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Yea

Energy Source

and Year

Building Characteristics Energy Consumption Energ

Number of

Buildings

Total

Square Feet

Square Feet

per Building Total

Per

Building

Per

Square Foot

Per

Employee Total

Per

Buildi

Thousands Millions Thousands Trillion Btu Million Btu Thousand Btu Million Btu

Million

Nominal Dollars 1

Thousa

Nominal D

Major Sources 2

1979 ...................... 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 11.0 1983 ...................... 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 17.5 1986 ...................... 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 14.6 1989 ...................... 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 15.6 1992 ...................... 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 14.9 1995 3 ................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 15.3 

1999 ...................... 4,657 67,338 14.5 5,733 1,231 85.1 70.0 81,552 17.5 2003 ...................... 4,859 71,658 14.7 6,523 1,342 91.0 5 ( ) 107,897 22.2 

Electricity 4

1979 ...................... 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 7.9 1983 ...................... 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12.9 1986 ...................... 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 11.9 1989 ...................... 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 13.0 1992 ...................... 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 12.5 1995 3 ................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 13.0 

1999 ...................... 4,395 65,716 15.0 3,098 706 47.1 37.9 66,424 15.1 2003 ...................... 4,617 70,181 15.2 3,559 771 50.7 5 ( ) 82,783 17.9 

Natural Gas

1979 ...................... 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 3.1 1983 ...................... 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6.0 1986 ...................... 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 3.8 1989 ...................... 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 3.8 1992 ...................... 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 3.7 1995 3 ................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 3.6 

1999 ...................... 2,670 45,525 17.1 2,023 758 44.4 36.0 10,609 4.0 2003 ...................... 2,538 48,473 19.1 2,100 828 43.3 5 ( ) 16,010 6.3 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ...................... 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 4.3 1983 ...................... 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 4.8 1986 ...................... 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 3.9 1989 ...................... 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 3.1 1992 ...................... 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 2.5 1995 3 ................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 1.9 

1999 ...................... 434 13,285 30.6 179 412 13.5 9.1 956 2.2 2003 ...................... 465 16,265 35.0 228 490 14.0 5 ( ) 1,826 3.9 

District Heat 7

1979 ...................... 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 26.1983 ...................... 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 41.1986 ...................... 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 33.1989 ...................... 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 39.1992 ...................... 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 30.1995 3 ................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 28.

1999 ...................... 117 5,891 50.2 433 3,692 73.6 50.1 3,564 30.2003 ...................... 67 5,576 83.0 636 9,470 114.0 5 ( ) 7,279 108.

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages. 4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are fo

major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no majo

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonrSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial 
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

By End UseBy Principal Building Activity64 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1,340

481 436

381

167 156

88 69 

Lighting Cooling Ventilation Refrigeration Space Computers Water Office 

0

500

1,0001,500

Trillion Btu

Heating Heating Equipment

and Storage Assembly

733 719

371

248 244 235 217 208

167 

Mercantile Office Education Health Care Warehouse Lodging Food Service Food Sales Public 

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu (Cumulative)All Other Building Activities Cooling Lighting

1 Examples of “other” include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,

hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; signmotors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.

2 Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and bu

the other named categories.

Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, exc

losses.

Source: Table 2.11.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

 (Trillion Btu)

End Use

Space

Heating Cooling Ventilation

Water

Heating Lighting Cooking Refrigeration

Office

Equipment Comput

All Buildings .................................... 167 481 436 88 1,340 24 381 69 156 Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 15 74 83 11 113 2 16 4 32  Food Sales ................................... 6 12 7 Q 46 2 119 2 2  Food Service ................................ 10 28 24 10 42 13 70 2 2  Health Care .................................. 6 34 42 2 105 1 8 4 10  Inpatient ..................................... 3 25 38 2 76 1 4 2 7  Outpatient .................................. 3 9 4 (s) 28 (s) 4 2 3  Lodging ......................................... 14 24 14 12 124 2 12 Q 6  Mercantile ..................................... 58 109 68 38 308 2 49 8 11  Retail (Other Than Mall) ............ 6 25 16 2 111 (s) 22 3 4  Enclosed and Strip Malls ........... 52 84 51 36 197 2 27 5 8  Office ............................................ 33 101 63 7 281 1 35 32 74  Public Assembly ........................... 5 35 63 (s) 27 (s) 9 Q 3  Public Order and Safety ............... 2 8 10 3 18 (s) 3 1 2  Religious Worship ......................... 3 11 5 (s) 17 (s) 6 (s) 1  Service .......................................... 6 15 24 (s) 63 Q 9 1 3  Warehouse and Storage ............... 5 13 20 2 132 Q 36 2 5  Other 2 .......................................... 2 16 11 Q 59 Q 10 Q 5  Vacant .......................................... 1 2 1 Q 4 Q (s) Q (s) 

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,

and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators. 2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater

than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • Data are estimates for electricity consumption, exclu

• One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emSource: Energy Information Administration, "Commercial Building

Table E3A.
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses arecalculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electricpower sector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retailsales—see Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electricpower plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy intomechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamicallynecessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output

losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivsolar, and wind energy sources, since there is no ge

measuring those thermal conversion rates. In adother losses include power plant use of electricity, trelectricity from power plants to end-use consumers unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocaproportion to each sector's share of total electricithirds of total energy input is lost in conversion. Cated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use 

mission and distribution.

66 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Financial Indicators

3
Figure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices

Prices, 1949-2008Fossil Fuel Composite Price2, Change From Previous Year, 1950-200868 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Fossil Fuel Composite

1 Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See

“Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 Based on real prices. 

Source: Table 3.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Chained (2000) Dollars1 per Million Btu Crude Oil

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-60-40-20

0

204060

Percent
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3 Foss

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 

1949 0.21 1.29 0.05 0.33 0.44 2.68 0.26 1950 .21 1.25 .06 .38 .43 2.62 .26 1955 .19 .99 .09 .48 .48 2.55 .27 1960 .19 .92 .13 .60 .50 2.36 .28 1965 .18 .82 .15 .65 .49 2.19 .28 1970 .27 .97 .15 .56 .55 1.99 .32 1971 .30 1.05 .16 .56 .58 2.02 .34 1972 .33 1.09 .17 .57 .58 1.94 .35 1973 .37 1.15 .20 .63 .67 2.11 .40 1974 .69 1.98 .27 .79 1.18 3.41 .68 1975 .85 2.22 .40 1.06 1.32 3.48 .82 1976 .86 2.13 .53 1.32 1.41 3.51 .90 1977 .88 2.07 .72 1.69 1.48 3.46 1.01 1978 .98 2.15 .84 1.83 1.55 3.39 1.12 1979 1.06 2.14 1.08 2.18 2.18 4.40 1.42 1980 1.10 2.04 1.45 2.68 3.72 6.89 2.04 1981 1.18 2.00 1.80 3.04 5.48 9.27 2.75 1982 1.23 1.95 2.22 3.54 4.92 7.84 2.76 1983 1.18 1.81 2.32 3.56 4.52 6.93 2.70 1984 1.16 1.72 2.40 3.55 4.46 6.60 2.65 1985 1.15 1.65 2.26 3.24 4.15 5.96 2.51 1986 1.09 1.52 1.75 2.45 2.16 3.03 1.65 1987 1.05 1.44 1.50 2.05 2.66 3.63 1.70 1988 1.01 1.34 1.52 2.01 2.17 2.87 1.53 1989 1.00 1.28 1.53 1.94 2.73 3.48 1.67 1990 1.00 1.22 1.55 1.90 3.45 4.23 1.84 1991 .99 1.17 1.48 1.75 2.85 3.38 1.67 1992 .97 1.12 1.57 1.82 2.76 3.19 1.66 1993 .93 1.05 1.84 2.09 2.46 2.78 1.67 1994 .91 1.01 1.67 1.86 2.27 2.52 1.53 1995 .88 .96 1.40 1.52 2.52 2.74 1.47 1996 .87 .92 1.96 2.09 3.18 3.39 1.82 1997 .85 .89 2.10 2.20 2.97 3.11 1.81 1998 .83 .86 1.77 1.83 1.87 1.94 1.41 1999 .79 .81 1.98 2.02 2.68 2.74 1.65 2000 .80 .80 3.32 3.32 4.61 4.61 2.60 2001 .84 .82 3.62 3.54 3.77 3.68 2.53 2002 .87 .84 2.67 2.56 3.88 3.73 2.21 2003 .87 .82 4.41 4.15 4.75 4.47 3.09 2004 .98 .89 4.94 4.51 6.34 5.79 3.61 2005 1.16 1.03 6.63 5.87 8.67 7.67 4.73 2006 1.24 1.06 R5.79 R4.97 10.29 R8.82 4.73 2007 R1.29 R1.08 R5.77 R4.82 11.47 R9.57 4.99 2008P 1.61 1.32 7.31 5.97 16.21 13.24 6.58 

1 Free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at the point of first sale,

excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

2 Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See

"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary. 4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production ofeach fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btucontent of total fossil fuel production.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 7 Based on real values.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production

Overview, 1949-2008 By Fuel, 1949-2008Overview, 200870 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Production

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary. 2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.7, and 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125150175

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Natura

Gas

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250300350400450

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1 Production Cr

Coa

Exports

Imports

382

488

78

Production Imports Exports

0

100200300400500600

Billion Nominal Dollars2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3,4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nom

1949 2.52 15.40 0.33 1.99 4.68 28.61 1950 2.91 17.59 .44 2.66 4.95 29.97 1955 2.30 12.28 .94 5.02 6.88 36.72 11960 2.10 9.97 1.79 8.50 7.42 35.24 11965 2.40 10.64 2.57 11.39 8.15 36.15 11970 3.88 14.11 3.73 13.53 11.19 40.62 11971 4.01 13.87 4.05 14.00 11.71 40.50 11972 4.65 15.42 4.28 14.19 11.71 38.83 21973 5.14 16.14 4.98 15.64 13.07 41.05 21974 9.65 27.79 6.48 18.66 22.00 63.36 31975 12.67 33.33 8.85 23.28 23.45 61.70 41976 13.40 33.33 11.57 28.79 24.37 60.64 41977 13.91 32.53 15.82 37.00 25.79 60.32 51978 14.65 32.02 18.18 39.72 28.60 62.51 61979 18.55 37.44 24.16 48.75 39.45 79.63 81980 20.45 37.84 32.09 59.37 67.93 125.70 121981 21.75 36.79 39.51 66.84 99.40 168.13 161982 22.84 36.41 45.71 72.88 90.03 143.53 151983 20.32 31.16 43.73 67.06 83.05 127.36 141984 22.94 33.91 48.69 71.97 84.10 124.31 151985 22.27 31.94 43.35 62.18 78.88 113.16 141986 21.18 29.73 32.71 45.90 39.63 55.63 91987 21.20 28.96 29.11 39.77 46.93 64.12 91988 20.97 27.71 30.28 40.01 37.48 49.51 81989 21.40 27.24 30.58 38.93 44.07 56.10 91990 22.39 27.45 31.80 38.97 53.77 65.91 101991 21.40 25.35 30.39 35.99 44.77 53.02 91992 20.98 24.28 32.56 37.69 41.97 48.58 91993 18.77 21.23 38.72 43.81 35.61 40.29 91994 20.06 22.23 36.46 40.40 32.07 35.53 81995 19.45 21.12 30.24 32.83 35.00 38.00 81996 19.68 20.97 42.99 45.81 43.68 46.54 101997 19.77 20.72 46.09 48.30 40.57 42.52 101998 19.75 20.47 39.12 40.56 24.80 25.71 81999 18.30 18.70 43.37 44.32 33.40 34.13 92000 18.02 18.02 74.33 74.33 56.93 56.93 142001 19.60 19.14 82.28 80.35 46.25 45.16 142002 19.68 18.88 58.66 56.30 47.21 45.31 122003 19.13 17.98 97.47 91.61 57.14 53.71 172004 22.16 20.25 106.57 97.35 72.93 66.62 202005 26.69 R23.61 138.74 R122.74 95.03 R84.08 262006 29.25 R25.07 R124.03 R106.30 111.16 R95.27 R262007 R30.04 R25.07 R127.52 R106.43 R122.96 R102.62 R282008P 38.18 31.19 173.14 141.43 170.56 139.32 38

1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at

the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" inGlossary.

2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas

Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First

Purchase Price" in Glossary.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2006 By Energy Type, 2006Prices3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2006 By Petroleum Product, 200672 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Gasoline Fuel Oil

$17.35 in 2006

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.3 Based on nominal dollars.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and roa

lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, specineous petroleum products.

Source: Table 3.3.

Electricity

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

1518

21

Nominal Dollars1 per Million Btu

26.15

17.89

9.62

3.1

Retail Petroleum Natural Biom

05

1015202530

Nominal Dollars1 per Million Btu

Gas 

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

048

12

1620

Index: 1970=1.00 Natural Gas

Petroleum

20.27

18.52

16.95

14.8

Motor Distillate LPG Jet Fu

0369

12

1518

21

24

Nominal Dollars1 per Million Btu

Nuclear Fuel

Coal

Biomass2

4
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006

 (Nominal Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Primary Energy 2

S

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 8 Total 9,10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 4 LPG 5

Motor

Gasoline 6

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 7 Total

1970 0.38 0.59 1.16 0.73 1.46 2.85 0.42 1.38 1.72 0.18 1.29 1.08 1971 .42 .63 1.22 .77 1.49 2.90 .58 1.45 1.79 .18 1.31 1.15 1972 .45 .68 1.22 .79 1.52 2.88 .62 1.49 1.78 .18 1.33 1.18 1973 .48 .73 1.46 .92 2.02 3.10 .75 1.58 1.97 .19 1.39 1.29 1974 .88 .89 2.44 1.58 2.81 4.32 1.82 2.60 3.06 .20 1.50 1.94 1975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05 2.97 4.65 1.93 2.94 3.35 .24 1.50 2.19 1976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25 3.21 4.84 1.90 3.08 3.47 .25 1.53 2.34 1977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59 3.65 5.13 2.14 3.27 3.73 .27 1.58 2.58 1978 1.27 1.95 3.26 2.87 3.60 5.24 2.08 3.45 3.84 .30 1.61 2.71 1979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90 4.50 7.11 2.83 4.70 5.23 .34 1.88 3.47 1980 1.46 2.86 6.70 6.36 5.64 9.84 3.88 7.04 7.40 .43 2.26 4.57 1981 1.64 R3.42 8.03 7.57 6.18 10.94 4.91 8.67 8.68 .48 2.52 5.25 1982 1.73 R4.22 7.78 7.23 6.66 10.39 4.65 7.87 8.40 .54 2.60 5.33 1983 1.70 4.72 7.32 6.53 7.17 9.12 4.50 7.60 7.77 .58 2.44 5.12 1984 1.71 R4.74 7.37 6.25 6.93 8.89 4.75 7.67 7.68 .67 2.53 5.03 1985 1.69 4.61 7.22 5.91 6.55 9.01 4.30 7.55 7.63 .71 2.47 4.92 1986 1.62 4.07 5.68 3.92 6.44 6.79 2.37 5.80 5.73 .70 2.12 3.97 1987 1.53 3.77 5.97 4.03 6.07 7.23 2.86 5.63 6.04 .71 2.07 4.00 1988 1.50 R3.77 5.83 3.80 5.88 7.33 2.35 5.26 5.91 .73 2.09 3.89 1989 1.48 3.82 6.43 4.39 5.54 8.02 2.72 5.50 6.43 .70 1.42 4.07 1990 1.49 R3.81 7.68 5.68 6.77 9.12 3.17 5.82 7.47 .67 1.32 4.46 1991 1.48 3.74 7.29 4.83 6.81 8.93 2.62 5.74 7.20 .63 1.39 4.29 1992 1.45 3.83 7.09 4.52 6.21 8.96 2.28 5.52 7.07 .59 1.32 4.24 1993 1.42 4.10 7.08 4.29 6.23 8.83 2.26 5.50 7.01 .56 1.28 4.26 1994 1.39 R4.07 6.99 3.95 6.66 8.96 2.32 5.47 7.06 .56 1.39 4.27 1995 1.37 3.73 6.98 4.00 6.56 9.22 2.46 5.74 7.29 .54 1.40 4.23 1996 1.33 4.25 7.87 4.82 8.03 9.85 2.80 6.19 8.02 .51 1.25 4.63 1997 1.32 R4.52 7.66 4.53 7.43 9.81 2.93 5.88 7.86 .51 1.15 4.66 1998 1.29 4.13 6.57 3.35 6.01 8.45 2.15 5.04 6.64 .50 1.27 4.08 1999 1.27 R4.15 7.19 4.01 6.65 9.31 2.51 5.30 7.33 .48 1.34 4.37 2000 1.24 5.62 9.86 6.64 10.20 12.01 4.32 6.97 9.91 .46 1.58 5.73 2001 1.29 6.87 9.17 5.72 9.61 11.35 3.99 6.36 9.32 .44 R2.08 R5.83 2002 1.30 5.27 8.63 5.33 8.15 10.67 3.91 6.54 8.82 .43 R2.19 R5.24 2003 1.32 7.00 10.04 6.46 10.41 12.34 4.75 7.55 10.31 .42 R1.98 R6.26 2004 1.41 R7.94 R12.21 8.93 12.33 14.57 4.92 8.48 R12.22 .42 R2.17 7.36 2005 1.62 R9.91 R16.40 412.86 14.65 17.83 6.65 R10.83 R15.50 .43 R3.13 R9.22 2006 1.78 9.62 18.52 14.80 16.95 20.27 7.92 13.16 17.89 .44 3.18 10.20 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes

kerosene-type jet fuel only.

5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 7 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts.

8 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel. 9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2006, coal coke

imports averaged 6.31 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 3.19 dollars per million Btu.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. Also, in 1981-1992, includes ethanol

blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary busin

heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities onutilities and independent power producers.

12 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price 

fuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.

13 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported 

other energy service providers.

14 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy a

sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); sector.

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. 

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSource: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy 

(November 2008), U.S. Table 1. 
Figure 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006

By Sector Residential Sector by Major SourcesCommercial Sector by Major Sources Industrial Sector by Major Sources74 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

21.56 20.64

11.33

19.11

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation

05

101520253035

Nominal Dollars1 per Million Btu

30.49

19.89

Retail Petroleum 

05

101520253035

Nominal Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity 

18.02

14.14

8.76

Retail Petroleum Natural 

05

101520253035

Nominal Dollars1 per Million Btu27.72 15.84 11.58

Retail Petroleum Natural

05

101520253035

Nominal Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity Gas Gas Electricity

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.

Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent pri

they include taxes where data are available. • There are no geothermal, wind, or solar energy. 

Source: Table 3.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006

 (Nominal Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 7

Retail

Electricity 

1970 1.06 1.56 6.51 2.10 0.75 0.90 6.09 1.98 0.45 0.38 0.98 1.59 2.99 1971 1.12 1.61 6.80 2.24 .80 1.01 6.44 2.16 .50 .41 1.05 1.59 3.22 1972 1.18 1.63 7.09 2.37 .86 1.04 6.71 2.33 .55 .46 1.05 1.59 3.40 1973 1.26 2.11 7.44 2.72 .91 1.20 7.06 2.56 .63 .50 1.18 1.60 3.66 1974 1.42 2.87 9.09 3.38 1.05 2.25 8.91 3.41 1.22 .67 2.24 1.60 4.95 1975 1.67 3.04 10.29 3.81 1.32 2.39 10.11 4.08 1.50 .95 2.46 1.60 6.07 1976 1.94 3.26 10.93 4.13 1.61 2.49 10.82 4.39 1.50 1.21 2.57 1.60 6.48 1977 2.30 3.66 11.87 4.77 2.00 2.84 11.99 5.13 1.56 1.48 2.84 1.59 7.33 1978 2.52 3.79 12.63 5.13 2.20 2.92 12.78 5.51 1.73 1.66 2.96 1.60 8.18 1979 2.92 5.33 13.60 6.00 2.69 4.15 13.72 6.28 1.75 1.96 3.99 1.60 8.94 1980 3.60 7.26 15.71 R7.49 R3.31 5.64 16.06 R7.87 1.87 R2.51 5.75 1.67 10.81 1981 R4.18 8.68 18.17 R8.86 R3.90 7.00 18.44 R9.52 2.06 3.07 6.84 1.67 12.57 1982 R5.04 8.69 20.11 R9.81 4.70 6.65 20.11 R10.40 2.09 3.80 6.51 1.67 14.51 1983 5.88 8.43 21.04 R10.69 R5.42 6.51 20.57 R10.97 1.91 4.10 6.57 1.67 14.54 1984 5.95 8.47 20.96 R10.70 5.40 6.49 20.89 R11.12 1.91 R4.12 6.56 1.67 14.16 1985 5.94 8.17 21.66 R10.94 5.34 6.38 21.30 R11.68 1.90 R3.86 6.29 1.67 14.57 1986 R5.68 6.82 21.75 R10.78 4.94 4.32 21.10 R11.25 1.80 R3.19 4.92 1.65 14.45 1987 R5.40 6.66 21.82 R10.74 4.64 4.65 20.44 R11.00 1.67 2.88 4.96 1.65 13.98 1988 R5.33 6.63 21.92 R10.68 4.51 4.38 20.34 R10.85 1.68 R2.89 4.62 1.65 13.78 1989 5.47 7.59 22.41 R11.04 4.61 4.99 20.77 R11.30 1.68 2.93 4.69 1.20 13.85 1990 5.63 8.75 22.96 R11.91 4.70 5.95 21.20 R11.92 1.69 2.95 5.48 .99 13.92 1991 5.66 8.56 23.57 R12.11 4.69 5.44 21.73 R12.10 1.67 2.80 5.31 1.14 14.18 1992 5.73 7.89 24.06 R12.01 R4.74 5.23 22.15 R12.20 1.69 2.91 5.00 1.13 14.18 1993 5.99 7.73 24.40 R12.31 5.08 5.00 22.40 R12.61 1.63 3.12 4.93 1.12 14.22 1994 6.23 7.81 24.57 R12.65 5.35 4.89 22.35 R12.77 1.62 R3.08 5.04 1.15 14.00 1995 R5.90 7.75 24.63 R12.65 4.94 4.97 22.29 R12.66 1.63 R2.79 5.20 1.21 13.68 1996 R6.17 8.92 24.50 R12.76 5.26 6.01 22.17 R12.80 1.62 3.30 6.04 1.01 13.49 1997 6.75 R8.91 24.71 R13.32 5.67 5.92 22.03 R13.07 1.62 3.53 5.68 1.01 13.29 1998 6.61 7.88 24.21 R13.50 5.38 4.88 21.48 R13.09 1.58 3.16 4.54 1.24 13.13 1999 R6.51 R8.10 23.93 R13.21 5.22 5.35 21.01 R12.89 1.58 R3.20 5.07 1.38 12.98 2000 7.64 R11.53 24.14 R14.29 R6.55 8.09 21.52 R13.95 1.55 4.61 7.50 1.43 13.60 2001 R9.43 11.65 25.16 R15.70 8.32 7.64 22.99 R15.58 1.63 5.71 6.75 R1.95 14.78 2002 7.71 R10.37 24.75 R14.73 6.49 6.96 22.81 R14.70 1.75 R4.36 6.43 R2.11 14.30 2003 9.23 12.30 25.56 R15.87 8.02 8.38 23.54 R15.63 1.74 6.03 7.78 R1.62 14.97 2004 10.52 R13.83 26.22 R17.13 R9.23 9.89 23.95 R16.61 1.99 7.08 9.32 R1.79 15.38 2005 12.34 17.29 27.68 19.21 R10.95 R13.47 25.40 R18.60 2.56 9.07 11.85 R2.73 16.77 2006 13.36 19.89 30.49 21.56 11.58 15.84 27.72 20.64 2.83 8.76 14.14 2.66 18.02 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,

other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal and wood, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood, and waste, which are not separately displayed. 7 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel. 8 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.

9 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which 

1981-1992, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is years.

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "State Energ

(November 2008), U.S. Tables 2-5. 
Figure 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2006 By Energy Type, 2006Expenditures3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2006 By Petroleum Product, 200676 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.3 Based on nominal dollars.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubr

petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous 

Source: Table 3.5.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

300600900

1,200

Billion Nominal Dollars1

Electricity Gas

$1,158 billion in 2006

681

324

190

40 

Petroleum Retail Natural Coa

0

100200300400500600700800

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

048

12

1620

Index: 1970=1.00

Gasoline 

Retail

Electricity

357

164

50 46

Motor Distillate Jet Fuel LPG 

0

100200300400

Billion Nominal Dollars1

Petroleum

Natural

Gas

Coal

Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2006

 (Million Nominal Dollars 1

)

Year

Primary Energy 2

Se

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 3

Natural

Gas 4

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 9 Total 10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5 LPG 6

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 8 Total

1970 4,630 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441 2,446 31,596 2,046 4,172 47,955 44 438 63,923 1971 4,902 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582 2,531 33,478 2,933 4,449 51,864 73 446 69,360 1972 5,415 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682 2,889 35,346 3,458 4,777 55,702 104 476 74,947 1973 6,243 7 13,933 9,524 2,001 3,933 39,667 4,667 5,318 65,109 177 502 86,106 1974 11,118 150 16,380 15,217 3,208 5,273 54,194 10,547 8,284 96,723 259 544 125,341 1975 13,021 82 20,061 15,680 4,193 5,231 59,446 10,374 8,493 103,416 448 534 137,712 1976 14,051 44 25,097 18,402 4,567 5,993 64,977 11,648 9,925 115,513 520 622 156,003 1977 15,416 67 29,602 22,004 5,517 6,824 70,591 14,381 11,790 131,106 743 694 177,952 1978 17,551 362 33,185 23,587 6,205 6,621 74,513 13,747 13,348 138,021 915 782 191,196 1979 20,376 259 40,785 32,854 8,603 9,383 95,916 17,656 18,785 183,197 941 964 246,963 1980 22,607 -78 R50,488 40,797 13,923 10,926 124,408 21,573 26,049 237,676 1,189 R1,232 R313,705 R1981 26,159 -31 R59,785 48,200 15,607 11,900 138,138 22,668 28,571 265,084 1,436 1,429 R354,937 R1982 26,349 -52 R67,539 44,087 14,974 12,925 130,305 17,632 22,447 242,372 1,684 1,510 R340,645 R1983 26,987 -44 R71,231 41,846 13,979 14,083 115,803 14,099 21,573 221,382 1,859 1,517 R324,484 R1984 29,025 -22 R76,537 44,668 15,097 14,143 114,429 14,410 22,646 225,392 2,384 1,608 R336,616 R1985 29,678 -34 R72,255 43,972 14,747 13,579 118,048 11,493 22,088 223,928 2,878 1,597 R332,238 R1986 27,855 -40 R59,147 35,113 10,505 12,726 91,529 7,486 17,647 175,005 3,061 1,352 R268,078 R1987 27,532 7 R57,575 37,729 11,448 12,887 99,864 8,062 17,687 187,677 3,378 1,300 R279,569 R1988 28,333 116 R60,643 38,776 11,318 12,806 103,323 7,259 16,779 190,260 4,057 1,378 R286,470 R1989 28,284 137 R65,736 43,159 13,434 12,187 112,720 8,357 17,060 206,917 3,939 2,270 R308,647 R1990 28,602 22 R64,752 49,335 17,784 13,715 126,558 8,721 19,255 235,368 4,104 1,997 R335,949 R1991 28,129 44 R65,474 45,269 14,609 14,976 123,118 6,784 18,231 222,987 4,073 2,165 R324,062 R1992 27,776 126 R69,553 45,019 13,559 14,213 125,249 5,585 18,363 221,988 3,802 2,194 R326,811 R1993 28,229 96 R76,490 45,732 13,002 14,018 126,560 5,449 18,318 223,079 3,597 2,193 R334,391 R1994 27,715 214 R78,054 47,002 12,474 16,361 130,068 5,296 18,701 229,901 3,777 2,521 R343,197 R1995 27,431 234 R74,544 47,533 12,525 16,306 136,647 4,676 19,218 236,905 3,810 2,938 R346,769 R1996 28,028 156 R86,388 56,455 15,770 21,208 148,344 5,313 21,086 268,176 3,624 2,668 R389,985 R1997 28,277 170 R92,857 R55,922 15,000 19,905 149,668 5,206 21,578 R267,279 3,369 R2,425 R395,363 R1998 27,888 188 R83,147 48,350 11,239 15,388 132,730 4,280 19,912 231,898 3,555 2,477 R350,214 R1999 27,310 140 R84,485 R54,565 13,878 19,184 149,260 4,686 21,221 R262,793 3,643 R2,659 R382,309 R2000 28,080 146 R118,530 R78,182 23,777 29,879 193,947 8,870 26,208 R360,864 3,628 R3,194 R517,223 R2001 28,202 82 R138,742 R74,920 19,602 25,734 185,892 7,266 22,911 R336,325 3,524 R3,494 R513,058 R2002 28,511 180 R110,948 R69,228 17,802 23,148 179,511 6,156 23,996 R319,841 3,504 R4,005 R468,113 R2003 29,402 169 R143,952 R83,768 21,096 R28,400 209,592 8,325 27,786 378,967 3,362 R3,599 R560,821 R2004 R31,764 1,125 R162,166 R105,624 30,219 R34,662 R253,218 9,717 34,911 R468,351 3,445 R3,692 R672,159 R2005 R36,932 633 R199,605 R143,523 544,679 R39,074 R311,082 13,951 R43,552 R595,862 R3,469 R6,022 R845,035 R2006 40,004 509 189,640 164,123 50,007 45,617 357,119 12,426 52,152 681,443 3,637 6,247 924,002 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"

and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive fromBureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, FT600 series. 4 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includeskerosene-type jet fuel only.

6 Liquefied petroleum gases. 7 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum

coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

9 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. Also, in 1981-1992, includes ethanol

blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry

Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to s

public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning independent power producers.

12 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural g

and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will su

13 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, repor

1996, other energy service providers.

14 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by 

commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures 

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are availab

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSource: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy 

(November 2008), U.S. Table 1. 
Figure 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2006

By Sector Residential Sector by Major Sources2Commercial Sector by Major Sources3 Industrial Sector by Major Sources478 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

226

167

227

538

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation

0

100200300400500600

Billion Nominal Dollars1

141

60

Retail Electricity Natural Gas 

0

50

100150

Billion Nominal Dollars1

106

60

52

Petroleum Retail Natural 

0

255075

100125

Billion Nominal Dollars1

123

34

10

Retail Natural Petroleum

0

255075

100125150

Billion Nominal Dollars1

Electricity Gas Electricity Gas

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Expenditures for coal and wood are not displayed.3 Expenditures for coal, wood, and waste are not displayed.4 Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.5 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel. 

Notes: • Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation se

direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solathe sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Table 3.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2006

 (Million Nominal Dollars 1

)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 7

Retail

Electricity 

1970 5,272 4,286 10,352 20,213 1,844 1,391 7,319 10,628 2,082 2,625 6,069 366 5,624 1971 5,702 4,466 11,589 22,033 2,060 1,523 8,301 11,970 1,971 3,019 6,663 374 6,256 1972 6,223 4,731 13,034 24,203 2,289 1,599 9,443 13,410 2,212 3,335 7,180 404 7,173 1973 6,282 5,957 14,712 27,137 2,421 1,881 10,707 15,094 2,527 3,936 8,600 425 8,284 1974 6,949 7,392 17,924 32,563 2,741 3,205 13,373 19,494 4,704 4,971 15,408 421 11,184 1975 8,410 7,582 20,644 36,932 3,385 3,133 16,157 22,869 5,498 5,844 15,544 386 13,760 1976 9,992 8,857 22,621 41,785 4,379 3,638 18,148 26,345 5,448 7,484 18,384 443 16,083 1977 11,324 9,872 26,132 47,694 5,094 4,297 21,023 30,611 5,360 8,958 22,190 464 18,956 1978 12,565 9,926 29,069 51,949 5,812 4,230 23,166 33,443 5,722 10,114 23,203 511 21,798 1979 14,772 11,276 31,683 58,267 7,623 5,534 25,433 38,819 6,247 12,110 33,705 512 24,797 1980 R17,217 12,695 38,458 R69,138 R8,722 7,267 30,611 R46,796 5,888 R16,210 42,765 529 28,863 1981 R19,138 13,394 44,780 R78,265 R9,905 7,628 37,484 R55,283 6,441 R20,239 47,171 558 34,007 1982 R23,612 12,526 50,045 R87,244 R12,376 6,706 41,759 R61,155 5,301 R20,333 41,841 540 35,364 1983 R26,188 11,486 53,918 R92,572 R13,422 7,392 43,529 R64,647 4,735 R21,268 38,437 610 37,017 1984 R27,567 12,433 55,777 R96,864 R13,847 8,121 47,304 R69,602 5,420 R23,619 41,563 622 39,050 1985 R26,817 12,894 58,672 R99,453 R13,187 6,671 50,092 R70,219 5,252 R21,448 38,876 619 40,190 1986 R24,878 10,613 60,776 R97,084 R11,618 4,869 51,449 R68,188 4,745 R16,352 30,567 639 39,271 1987 R23,720 10,875 63,318 R98,645 R11,477 5,078 51,900 R68,676 4,448 R15,805 31,092 636 39,109 1988 R25,127 11,204 66,793 R103,898 R12,251 4,655 54,411 R71,548 4,744 R17,150 29,123 662 40,507 1989 R26,731 12,739 69,243 R109,550 R12,775 4,998 57,460 R75,483 4,650 R18,671 28,561 1,323 42,255 1990 R25,205 12,308 72,378 R110,863 R12,536 5,669 60,627 R79,143 4,636 R19,218 34,132 906 43,358 1991 R26,290 11,916 76,828 R115,995 R13,041 4,871 63,407 R81,610 4,332 R18,800 32,511 1,034 44,201 1992 R27,370 11,264 76,848 R116,402 R13,544 4,469 64,233 R82,540 4,245 R20,405 32,225 1,079 45,474 1993 R30,287 11,200 82,814 R125,104 R14,819 3,903 67,626 R86,642 4,060 R22,217 31,550 1,146 45,726 1994 R30,805 11,089 84,552 R127,172 R15,789 3,847 69,637 R89,556 4,060 R22,406 33,626 1,279 46,257 1995 R29,155 10,715 87,610 R128,181 R15,254 3,638 72,481 R91,658 4,068 R21,362 34,170 1,699 45,402 1996 R32,996 13,278 90,503 R137,600 R16,965 4,518 74,121 R95,912 3,943 R26,031 40,796 1,432 46,102 1997 R34,367 R12,725 90,704 R138,465 R18,619 4,168 77,153 R100,260 3,887 R28,263 39,833 1,435 45,610 1998 R30,675 10,352 93,360 R134,902 R16,550 3,222 78,999 R99,022 3,566 R24,378 32,220 1,600 45,634 1999 R31,374 R11,934 93,482 R137,346 R16,234 3,540 79,141 R99,173 3,457 R23,942 36,937 1,786 45,429 2000 R38,727 R18,025 98,209 R155,829 R21,195 6,121 85,129 R112,725 3,507 R34,464 53,509 1,888 47,859 2001 R45,929 R17,920 103,158 R167,733 R25,717 5,666 93,402 R125,069 3,572 R38,401 46,983 R2,216 48,519 2002 R38,326 R15,165 106,834 R160,994 R20,817 4,741 93,763 R119,609 3,526 R30,899 45,505 R2,592 46,606 2003 R48,058 R18,924 111,249 R179,069 R26,270 6,464 96,263 R129,317 3,552 R41,008 53,953 R1,935 49,962 2004 R52,058 R21,304 115,577 R189,913 R29,376 7,442 100,546 R137,762 4,064 R47,157 70,718 R1,919 51,491 2005 R60,942 25,150 128,393 R215,879 R33,662 9,724 110,522 R154,390 5,004 R55,027 R87,658 R3,451 56,229 2006 59,647 24,590 140,582 226,272 33,575 9,845 122,914 166,758 5,405 52,001 105,700 3,493 59,764 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal and wood, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood, and waste, which are not separately displayed. 7 Wood and waste; excludes ethanol and biodiesel. 8 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. 9 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed. Also, in

1981-1992, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is 

years.

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are availa

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "State Energ

(November 2008), U.S. Tables 2-5. 
Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports

Total, 1949-2008 By Fuel, 1949-2008By Fuel, 200880 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See

“Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 

3 Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.7.

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400500

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Petroleum

Products

354

96

34

4

Crude Petroleum Natural Coal and

0

100200300400

Billion Nominal Dollars2

Oil Products Gas Coal Coke
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil 1 Petroleum Products 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 

1949 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.86 0.14 0.84 1950 (s) .02 .01 .03 .00 .00 .37 2.23 .21 1.30 1955 (s) .01 (s) .01 (s) .01 .65 3.49 .44 2.36 1960 (s) .01 (s) .01 .03 .13 .90 4.25 .73 3.48 1965 (s) .01 (s) .01 .11 .47 1.12 4.97 .92 4.10 1970 (s) (s) (s) .01 .26 .94 1.26 4.58 1.48 5.38 1971 (s) .01 .01 .02 .31 1.08 1.69 5.84 1.66 5.73 1972 (s) (s) (s) .02 .31 1.04 2.37 7.85 1.99 6.59 1973 (s) .01 .04 .12 .36 1.14 4.24 13.31 3.50 10.98 1974 .06 .17 .19 .56 .53 1.53 15.25 43.92 11.01 31.71 1975 .02 .06 .16 .41 1.15 3.03 18.29 48.13 6.77 17.81 1976 .02 .04 .11 .28 1.66 4.13 25.46 63.33 6.65 16.55 1977 .04 .09 .13 .31 2.00 4.68 33.59 78.57 8.42 19.69 1978 .07 .16 .41 .89 2.06 4.50 32.30 70.59 7.30 15.96 1979 .05 .10 .34 .69 3.13 6.31 46.06 92.96 10.45 21.09 1980 .03 .06 .05 .10 4.21 7.80 61.90 114.54 12.54 23.21 1981 .03 .05 .04 .07 4.41 7.46 61.46 103.96 14.30 24.18 1982 .02 .04 .01 .01 4.69 7.48 45.72 72.89 13.86 22.10 1983 .04 .07 (s) (s) 4.39 6.73 36.49 55.96 14.84 22.76 1984 .05 .07 .05 .07 3.44 5.08 36.44 53.87 17.87 26.41 1985 .07 .10 .04 .06 3.05 4.37 32.90 47.20 17.47 25.05 1986 .08 .11 .03 .04 1.82 2.56 22.61 31.73 12.18 17.10 1987 .06 .08 .05 .08 1.93 2.64 29.13 39.80 12.37 16.89 1988 .06 .08 .19 .26 2.38 3.14 27.55 36.39 12.43 16.43 1989 .10 .12 .22 .28 2.51 3.19 35.53 45.23 13.50 17.18 1990 .09 .11 .07 .09 2.97 3.64 43.78 53.66 16.90 20.72 1991 .11 .13 .09 .11 3.24 3.83 36.90 43.70 13.17 15.60 1992 .13 .15 .14 .17 3.96 4.58 38.55 44.63 11.98 13.87 1993 .25 .29 .17 .19 4.77 5.40 38.47 43.53 11.74 13.28 1994 .27 .30 .27 .30 4.90 5.43 38.48 42.63 11.14 12.35 1995 .32 .35 .33 .35 4.23 4.59 42.81 46.48 9.95 10.80 1996 .27 .29 .24 .26 5.79 6.17 54.93 58.53 15.27 16.27 1997 .26 .27 .25 .27 6.50 6.81 54.23 56.83 516.93 517.74 1998 .28 .29 .29 .30 6.21 6.44 37.25 38.61 13.01 13.49 1999 .28 .29 .23 .23 8.03 8.21 50.89 52.00 16.28 16.64 2000 .38 .38 .25 .25 14.94 14.94 89.88 89.88 29.38 29.38 2001 .67 .66 .19 .19 17.62 17.21 74.29 72.55 28.45 27.79 2002 .60 .58 .24 .23 12.61 12.10 79.25 76.07 23.52 22.57 2003 .79 .74 .24 .22 20.39 19.16 101.80 95.67 30.64 28.79 2004 1.02 .94 1.23 1.13 24.74 22.60 136.03 124.27 43.24 39.50 2005 1.42 1.26 .78 .69 35.25 R31.18 182.94 R161.85 67.12 R59.38 2006 1.78 1.53 .64 .55 28.80 R24.69 225.16 R192.98 74.56 R63.90 2007 1.73 1.45 .48 .40 R31.65 R26.42 R245.77 R205.12 R81.85 R68.31 2008 P2.05 P1.67 P1.68 P1.37 E34.45 E28.14 P353.60 P288.84 P96.30 P78.67 

1 Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 2 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, upublished data. 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Im

FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of • 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumptand 1973—Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Expof LNG. • 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United Staannual reports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information AdministraNatural Gas, annual reports. • 1982-2006—EIA, Natural • 2007—EIA, NGM (March 2009), Table 4. • 2008—EIA estimat• 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of M• 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of M• 1964-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumpthe Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FTGoods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issue
Figure 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports

Total, 1949-2008 By Fuel, 1949-2008By Fuel, 200882 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

59

9 8

3

Petroleum Natural Coal Crude Oil

0

10203040506070

Billion Nominal Dollars2

1 Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See

“Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke. 

Source: Table 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040506070

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Coal

Gas and

Coal Coke

Products
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 0.30 1.82 0.01 0.05 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.60 0.46 2.82 1950 .27 1.63 .01 .04 (s) .02 .10 .62 .39 2.39 1955 .48 2.59 .01 .04 .01 .03 .04 .21 .60 3.20 1960 .35 1.68 .01 .03 (s) .02 .01 .04 .47 2.22 1965 .48 2.12 .02 .07 .01 .03 (s) .02 .44 1.95 1970 .96 3.49 .08 .29 .03 .11 .02 .07 .50 1.82 1971 .90 3.12 .04 .16 .04 .13 .01 .02 .50 1.74 1972 .98 3.26 .03 .10 .04 .13 (s) .01 .49 1.62 1973 1.01 3.18 .03 .10 .04 .13 (s) .01 .57 1.80 1974 2.44 7.02 .04 .13 .05 .16 .01 .04 .87 2.51 1975 3.26 8.58 .07 .20 .09 .24 (s) (s) 1.01 2.65 1976 2.91 7.24 .07 .17 .10 .25 .03 .07 1.07 2.66 1977 2.66 6.21 .07 .17 .11 .25 .21 .49 1.14 2.66 1978 2.05 4.48 .05 .11 .11 .24 .39 .85 1.23 2.69 1979 3.40 6.86 .08 .16 .13 .26 .39 .80 1.58 3.20 1980 4.63 8.56 .13 .24 .23 .42 .75 1.39 2.12 3.92 1981 5.92 10.01 .07 .13 .35 .59 .58 .98 3.24 5.48 1982 5.99 9.55 .06 .10 .30 .48 .47 .75 5.86 9.34 1983 4.06 6.22 .05 .07 .28 .43 .22 .34 4.88 7.48 1984 4.13 6.11 .07 .10 .27 .40 .19 .27 4.62 6.82 1985 4.47 6.41 .08 .11 .26 .38 .23 .32 4.90 7.02 1986 3.93 5.52 .07 .09 .17 .24 .12 .16 3.77 5.29 1987 3.40 4.65 .05 .07 .17 .23 .13 .17 3.80 5.19 1988 4.01 5.30 .08 .10 .20 .27 .08 .10 2.72 3.60 1989 4.29 5.46 .08 .10 .27 .34 .21 .26 2.65 3.38 1990 4.51 5.53 .05 .06 .27 .32 .14 .17 4.23 5.19 1991 4.62 5.47 .05 .06 .33 .40 .03 .04 4.65 5.51 1992 4.24 4.91 .04 .05 .49 .56 .03 .04 4.27 4.94 1993 3.09 3.49 .06 .07 .36 .41 .02 .02 4.15 4.69 1994 2.85 3.16 .04 .04 .40 .45 .05 .05 3.36 3.72 1995 3.57 3.87 .05 .05 .37 .40 .01 .01 3.56 3.87 1996 3.69 3.93 .06 .07 .46 .49 .56 .60 4.25 4.53 1997 3.39 3.55 .05 .06 .47 .50 1.04 1.09 47.55 47.91 1998 3.04 3.15 .04 .05 .39 .40 .90 .93 5.68 5.89 1999 2.13 2.18 .03 .03 .43 .44 .77 .79 6.35 6.48 2000 2.04 2.04 .05 .05 1.00 1.00 .46 .46 9.73 9.73 2001 1.80 1.76 .11 .11 1.56 1.53 .19 .18 8.68 8.48 2002 1.60 1.54 .06 .06 1.76 1.69 .09 .09 8.65 8.30 2003 1.55 1.45 .07 .07 3.77 3.54 .16 .15 10.05 9.45 2004 2.60 2.37 .11 .10 5.20 4.75 .28 .25 12.85 11.74 2005 3.35 R2.96 .15 .13 5.53 4.89 .60 .53 18.56 16.42 2006 3.52 3.02 .13 .11 4.94 4.24 .85 .73 27.32 R23.41 2007 4.16 3.47 .13 .11 R5.69 R4.75 R1.02 R.85 R32.28 R26.94 2008 P7.96 P6.50 P.21 P.17 E8.55 E6.98 P2.30 P1.88 P59.27 P48.42 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the

50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Ga• 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United States Imports reports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.Sannual reports. • 1982-2006—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), m(March 2009), Table 4. • 2008—EIA estimate. Crude • 1949-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. • 19Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
Figure 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2008

Value of Fossil Fuel Net ImportsValue of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel84 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See

“Chained Dollars” in Glossary. 

2 Includes small amounts of coal coke.

Note: Negative imports indicate that the value of exports is Source: Table 3.9.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-50

0

50

100150200250300350400

-50

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-50

0

50

100150200250300350

-50

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Coal2

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and

Petroleum Products
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 -0.29 -1.80 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 1.26 -0.32 -1.98 1950 -.27 -1.61 (s) -.01 (s) -.02 .27 1.61 -.18 -1.09 1955 -.48 -2.57 -.01 -.04 -.01 -.03 .62 3.29 -.16 -.84 1960 -.35 -1.67 -.01 -.03 .02 .12 .89 4.22 .26 1.26 1965 -.48 -2.11 -.01 -.07 .10 .44 1.11 4.95 .48 2.15 1970 -.96 -3.49 -.08 -.27 .23 .83 1.24 4.51 .98 3.56 1971 -.90 -3.11 -.04 -.14 .27 .95 1.68 5.82 1.15 3.99 1972 -.98 -3.26 -.03 -.09 .28 .91 2.37 7.85 1.50 4.97 1973 -1.01 -3.18 .01 .02 .32 1.01 4.24 13.31 2.93 9.19 1974 -2.38 -6.85 .15 .43 .48 1.37 15.24 43.89 10.14 29.20 1975 -3.24 -8.52 .08 .22 1.06 2.79 18.29 48.13 5.76 15.16 1976 -2.89 -7.20 .04 .11 1.56 3.88 25.43 63.26 5.58 13.89 1977 -2.62 -6.12 .06 .14 1.89 4.43 33.38 78.08 7.28 17.03 1978 -1.98 -4.32 .36 .79 1.95 4.26 31.91 69.73 6.07 13.27 1979 -3.35 -6.75 .26 .52 3.00 6.05 45.66 92.16 8.87 17.89 1980 -4.60 -8.51 -.08 -.14 3.98 7.37 61.15 113.15 10.42 19.28 1981 -5.89 -9.96 -.03 -.05 4.06 6.87 60.88 102.98 11.06 18.71 1982 -5.97 -9.52 -.05 -.08 4.39 7.00 45.25 72.15 8.00 12.76 1983 -4.01 -6.16 -.04 -.07 4.11 6.30 36.27 55.62 9.96 15.28 1984 -4.09 -6.04 -.02 -.03 3.17 4.68 36.26 53.59 13.25 19.58 1985 -4.39 -6.30 -.03 -.05 2.79 4.00 32.68 46.87 12.57 18.03 1986 -3.85 -5.40 -.04 -.06 1.65 2.32 22.49 31.57 8.42 11.81 1987 -3.35 -4.58 .01 .01 1.76 2.41 29.00 39.63 8.57 11.71 1988 -3.95 -5.22 .12 .15 2.18 2.88 27.47 36.29 9.71 12.83 1989 -4.19 -5.33 .14 .17 2.24 2.85 35.32 44.97 10.85 13.81 1990 -4.42 -5.41 .02 .03 2.71 3.32 43.65 53.50 12.67 15.53 1991 -4.51 -5.34 .04 .05 2.90 3.43 36.87 43.66 8.52 10.09 1992 -4.11 -4.76 .10 .11 3.47 4.02 38.52 44.59 7.72 8.93 1993 -2.83 -3.21 .11 .12 4.41 4.99 38.45 43.50 7.59 8.59 1994 -2.58 -2.86 .23 .26 4.50 4.98 38.43 42.58 7.78 8.62 1995 -3.24 -3.52 .27 .30 3.86 4.19 42.81 46.48 6.39 6.94 1996 -3.41 -3.64 .18 .19 5.33 5.68 54.37 57.93 11.01 11.74 1997 -3.13 -3.28 .20 .21 6.02 6.31 53.19 55.74 49.37 49.82 1998 -2.75 -2.86 .25 .26 5.82 6.03 36.36 37.69 7.33 7.60 1999 -1.85 -1.90 .20 .20 7.61 7.77 50.12 51.21 9.94 10.15 2000 -1.66 -1.66 .20 .20 13.94 13.94 89.41 89.41 19.65 19.65 2001 -1.13 -1.10 .08 .08 16.05 15.68 74.11 72.37 19.77 19.31 2002 -1.00 -.96 .18 .17 10.85 10.41 79.16 75.98 14.87 14.27 2003 -.76 -.71 .17 .16 16.62 15.62 101.64 95.52 20.59 19.35 2004 -1.57 -1.44 1.12 1.03 19.54 17.85 135.75 124.02 30.38 27.76 2005 -1.93 -1.71 .63 .56 29.72 R26.29 182.35 R161.32 48.56 R42.96 2006 -1.74 -1.49 .51 .44 23.86 R20.45 224.30 R192.24 47.24 R40.49 2007 -2.42 R-2.02 .35 .29 R25.96 R21.67 R244.76 R204.28 R49.57 R41.37 2008 P-5.92 P-4.83 P1.47 P1.20 E25.90 E21.16 P351.31 P286.96 P37.03 P30.25 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 Notes: • Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus s

greater than the value of imports. • Totals may not equal srounding. • Data on this table may not equal data on Tabindependent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.dSources: Tables 3.7 and 3.8.
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production Dry Natural Gas Production Coal Productionby Major Energy Companies, 1974-2007 by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2007 by Major Energy CompMajor Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Total Production, Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Refin1974-2007 1974-200786 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).

See Table 3.14. 

Source: Table 3.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Barrels per Day

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

15

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 198

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

Dry Natural Gas

Note: in 199

1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0

255075

100

Percent

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040506070

Percent Uranium

Coal

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2007

Year

Production 

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids 1 Dry Natural Gas 1 Coal 2 Uranium Capacity 3 

Million Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Pounds 5

Percent of

U.S. Total 6

Million Barrels

per Day

Pe

U.S

1974 5.9 56.0 11.6 56.1 87.4 14.3 NA NA 13.3 1975 5.6 56.1 11.0 57.4 88.1 13.5 4.3 18.6 13.4 1976 5.4 55.7 10.6 55.6 89.0 13.0 3.3 13.0 14.2 1977 5.5 55.3 10.3 53.6 89.1 12.8 16.0 53.4 14.6 1978 5.8 56.8 10.1 52.7 85.5 12.8 17.3 46.8 14.8 1979 5.7 56.3 9.9 50.3 123.3 15.8 16.7 44.7 14.4 1980 5.7 56.1 9.3 47.7 142.3 17.2 19.0 43.5 15.1 1981 5.7 55.8 9.2 47.8 154.8 18.8 14.5 37.7 14.6 1982 5.7 55.9 8.3 46.7 195.2 23.3 9.2 34.2 13.6 1983 5.6 55.1 7.4 45.8 185.2 23.7 6.6 31.4 13.0 1984 5.7 54.3 7.9 45.5 226.0 25.2 4.1 27.8 12.8 1985 5.8 54.9 7.3 44.6 230.4 26.1 2.1 18.9 12.6 1986 5.7 56.0 7.1 44.5 227.6 25.6 1.6 12.1 12.5 1987 5.7 57.0 7.2 43.4 255.3 27.8 NA NA 12.5 1988 5.5 56.2 7.7 45.1 285.3 30.0 NA NA 12.3 1989 5.2 57.2 7.5 43.2 286.9 29.3 NA NA 11.5 1990 5.0 55.8 7.6 42.6 282.0 27.4 NA NA 11.4 1991 5.0 54.9 7.5 42.4 289.6 29.1 NA NA 11.2 1992 4.8 53.9 7.9 44.2 251.9 25.3 .0 .0 11.0 1993 4.5 52.1 7.7 42.3 197.3 20.9 .0 .0 10.7 1994 4.4 52.1 8.0 42.5 179.7 17.4 .0 .0 10.6 1995 4.3 51.7 8.1 43.3 165.4 16.0 .0 .0 10.4 1996 4.2 50.5 8.2 43.4 169.4 15.9 .0 .0 10.5 1997 4.0 48.3 8.3 43.9 163.3 15.0 .0 .0 9.4 1998 3.8 47.5 8.4 44.1 73.9 6.6 .0 .0 814.3 1999 3.6 46.3 8.0 42.4 44.0 4.0 .0 .0 14.2 2000 3.5 44.8 8.3 43.5 34.6 3.2 .0 .0 14.4 2001 3.7 48.7 8.8 45.1 31.3 2.8 .0 .0 15.2 2002 3.7 48.4 8.7 46.0 27.8 2.5 .0 .0 14.2 2003 3.5 47.3 8.3 43.7 16.8 1.6 .0 .0 14.3 2004 3.3 45.7 8.2 44.0 18.1 1.6 .0 .0 14.4 2005 3.1 44.5 7.8 43.1 18.0 1.6 .0 .0 14.5 2006 2.9 43.1 7.9 R42.8 NA NA .0 .0 14.7 2007 2.8 41.6 8.4 43.8 NA NA .0 .0 14.1 

1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of

type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty). 2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 4 Includes refinery output at own refineries for own account and at others’ refineries for own account. 5 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 6 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 7 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals donot include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

8 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of

the FRS.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly

producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. See Ta

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doeSources: Production and Refining: • 1974-1976—E

EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. Percenand 9.3.
Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income

Total, 1974-2007 Total by Type of Business, 2007U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2007 Foreign Petroleum, 1977-200788 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

3 Beginning in 2003, includes International Marine.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the F

See Table 3.14.

Source: Table 3.11.

Power 

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1020304050

-5

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1

0

102030405060

-5

Billion Nominal Dollars1

119

9

-2

Petroleum Downstream Electric 

-20

0

20406080

100120140

Billion Nominal Dollars1

Natural Gas 

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

M

Internationa
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2007

 (Billion Nominal Dollars 1

)

Year

Petroleum 2

Downstream

Natural

Gas 2,3

Electric

Power Coal

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 6.4 1.5 .8 8.6 3.6 .7 .1 4.4 13.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 1978 6.7 1.6 1.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 -.1 5.2 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .1 1979 9.4 2.3 1.7 13.4 5.2 4.3 .1 9.7 23.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1980 13.8 2.5 1.7 17.9 6.9 4.3 .1 11.2 29.1 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1981 16.8 1.3 1.8 19.9 8.0 1.6 -.1 9.6 29.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1982 14.1 1.9 2.3 18.3 6.1 .8 -.3 6.7 25.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1983 12.2 1.6 2.0 15.9 7.2 1.3 -.5 8.2 24.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 1984 13.3 .1 2.5 15.8 7.5 .7 -.4 7.8 23.6 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 1985 12.1 2.3 2.3 16.7 8.0 .5 -.4 8.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1986 .9 1.6 2.6 5.2 4.7 2.9 .1 7.7 12.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 1987 4.7 1.1 2.6 8.4 5.4 1.0 -.1 6.4 14.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1988 3.2 5.4 2.0 10.6 4.3 2.4 .1 6.9 17.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 1989 3.1 4.5 1.9 9.5 4.7 1.8 .2 6.7 16.2 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1990 8.7 2.2 2.1 12.9 7.4 2.8 .2 10.5 23.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1991 5.1 .9 2.0 7.9 5.4 4.1 .3 9.8 17.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 1992 5.6 -.2 2.1 7.5 4.7 2.2 (s) 6.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) -.5 1993 4.8 1.7 1.6 8.1 5.2 3.2 (s) 8.4 16.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1994 4.8 1.8 1.8 8.5 4.0 2.0 (s) 5.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 1995 3.7 .5 2.2 6.4 5.9 2.4 (s) 8.3 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1996 11.8 2.3 1.6 15.7 9.2 2.0 (s) 11.2 26.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 1997 11.6 3.1 1.3 16.0 9.6 3.6 .1 13.3 29.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1998 .5 5.9 1.4 7.8 2.0 2.9 .1 5.1 12.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 1999 7.4 4.9 2.4 14.8 8.2 1.9 (s) 10.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 2000 21.9 7.7 2.3 31.8 18.5 2.9 (s) 21.4 53.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) 2001 17.6 12.0 3.3 32.9 14.6 3.1 .2 17.8 50.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .1 2002 15.0 -1.4 1.7 15.4 12.9 -.4 (s) 12.5 27.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) 2003 222.6 27.4 2.8 230.9 221.3 2,82.9 8 ( ) 224.3 255.1 3.6 1.0 7 ( ) 2004 30.1 15.2 .4 45.8 28.6 87.0 8 ( ) 35.5 81.3 3.3 .6 7 ( ) 2005 40.5 21.0 .5 61.9 48.7 87.8 8 ( ) 56.5 118.5 2.2 .4 7 ( ) 2006 R41.8 24.3 .2 R66.3 R51.4 87.5 8 ( ) R58.9 R125.2 R3.7 1.2 7 ( ) 2007 40.1 22.4 .3 62.7 47.0 89.2 8 ( ) 56.2 118.9 8.8 -1.6 7 ( ) 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

3 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

4 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

5 Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes). 6 Included in "Petroleum." 7 Included in "Other Energy." 8 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and gNotes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reincome" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductionexpenses resulting from transactions between segments of the accounts do not include intersegment revenues and expenses. Tmust be eliminated. • "Nontraceables" are energy companies’ recannot be directly attributed to a type of business by use of a reathe basis of operating-level utilities.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (

System" database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIA, Producers, annual reports.
Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability

Total, 1974-2007 Total by Activity, 2007U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2007 Foreign Petroleum, 1977-200790 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gasproducers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 

3.14.Source: Table 3.12.

Stream

Natural

Gas

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

101520

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

-5

05

1015202530

-5

Percent

1980 1985 1990 19

-20-10

0

102030

-20

Percent

Power 

17.8

15.6

-31.3

Petroleum Down- Electric 

-35-30-25-20-15-10

-5

05

10152025

Percent

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

Refining

and

Marketing

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production Refining and

Marketing

International

Marine
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2007

 (Percent)

Year

Petroleum 1

Downstream

Natural

Gas 1,2

Electric

Power Coal

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 17.5 7.2 7.3 12.5 21.8 5.1 2.6 12.4 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.8 1978 16.4 7.5 10.9 12.8 18.2 12.7 -1.0 13.6 13.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.1 1979 18.2 9.8 15.1 15.5 23.8 29.1 2.6 23.1 18.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.3 1980 20.9 9.8 15.1 17.5 25.1 26.4 2.4 23.0 19.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.6 1981 20.2 4.4 15.6 16.1 25.5 9.0 -1.1 17.7 16.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.1 1982 14.0 6.0 20.8 12.7 17.4 4.7 -6.3 11.8 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.4 1983 11.3 4.8 16.6 10.3 19.6 7.7 -13.2 14.1 11.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1984 10.8 .3 20.8 9.4 18.8 4.5 -14.0 13.3 10.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.2 1985 9.5 6.5 15.0 9.4 20.0 3.3 -19.0 13.8 10.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.6 1986 .8 4.5 13.2 3.0 11.6 16.3 5.3 12.8 5.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.7 1987 4.1 2.9 12.8 4.9 12.4 4.7 -3.6 9.5 6.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.1 1988 2.8 14.7 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.9 7.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.7 1989 2.9 11.5 10.2 5.8 8.9 8.0 12.4 8.7 6.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1990 8.5 5.1 11.2 7.9 13.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 9.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 3.3 1991 5.1 2.0 10.7 4.9 9.1 14.6 15.6 11.0 7.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.7 1992 5.9 -.4 8.4 4.4 8.2 7.8 -1.2 7.9 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -9.3 1993 5.3 3.4 6.4 4.9 8.6 10.6 1.2 9.2 6.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.6 1994 5.5 3.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 6.1 -2.0 6.2 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.0 1995 4.4 1.0 9.1 4.0 9.3 7.2 -2.5 8.4 5.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.9 1996 14.1 4.4 6.9 9.9 12.8 6.0 2.2 10.6 10.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.9 1997 12.5 6.6 6.7 10.0 12.5 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.8 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.2 1998 .5 7.9 4.4 3.8 2.2 8.2 8.9 4.0 3.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 26.4 1999 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 8.5 5.1 .8 7.6 7.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.5 2000 17.7 9.6 6.0 13.2 17.1 8.7 6.4 15.1 13.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.7 2001 13.1 14.5 9.7 13.1 11.2 9.5 25.9 10.9 12.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.0 2002 10.5 -1.7 5.2 6.0 9.2 -1.1 -6.2 7.2 6.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -8.5 2003 116.5 19.3 111.5 113.7 114.2 17.7 W 113.0 113.4 8.8 5.2 5 ( ) 2004 20.0 18.6 4.4 18.9 17.1 17.6 W 17.3 18.2 5.9 3.1 5 ( ) 2005 22.5 23.5 5.8 22.4 26.3 20.8 W 25.5 23.7 4.0 1.7 5 ( ) 2006 R18.2 25.6 2.7 R19.9 R23.7 18.6 W R22.9 R21.2 R5.7 5.6 5 ( ) 2007 15.2 21.6 2.9 16.7 18.8 21.9 W 19.2 17.8 15.6 -31.3 5 ( ) 

1 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

2 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

3 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

4 Included in "Petroleum." 5 Included in "Other Energy."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid discNotes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financia• Data are for return on investment, measured as net income dincome" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. plant, and equipment plus investments and advances to unconsol

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (

System" database, October 1996. • 1977 forward—EIA, Performannual reports.
Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Petroleum Activities Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total Share of U.S. Total ProDry Natural Gas Production Coal Production Expenditures for Explo

Development of Uraniu

92 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Crude oil and natural gas liquids.2 Natural gas liquids.3 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

* 1999-2002 uranium values are withheld to avoid disclo

2003-2005 values are not available.

Source: Table 3.13.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

46

Million Barrels per Day

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040

Percent

1980 1985 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Trillion Cubic Feet

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Million Nominal Dollars3

Refining

Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Refining

Capacity

Production1

Production1

Dry 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Year

Production

Refining Capacity 1

Sales 

Motor Ga

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids Dry Natural Gas Coal Uranium

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Billion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Pounds 2

Percent of

U.S. Total 3

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

1978 1,076 10.5 783 3.9 24 3.1 NA NA 1,895 10.9 1,066 1979 1,145 11.3 786 4.0 29 3.8 NA NA 1,984 11.0 948 1980 1,280 12.6 776 4.0 31 3.8 NA NA 2,066 11.1 926 1981 1,438 14.1 1,080 5.6 106 12.9 NA NA 2,595 14.5 1,114 1982 1,421 13.9 1,055 5.9 138 16.6 NA NA 2,423 14.4 1,092 1983 1,325 12.9 924 5.8 128 16.5 NA NA 2,337 14.4 1,022 1984 1,365 12.9 1,075 6.2 153 17.3 NA NA 2,276 14.5 1,066 1985 1,455 13.7 1,093 6.7 147 16.8 NA NA 2,656 17.2 1,285 1986 1,523 14.8 1,276 8.0 146 16.5 NA NA 3,133 20.1 1,565 1987 1,614 16.1 1,318 8.0 181 19.8 NA NA 3,342 21.0 1,586 1988 1,659 16.9 1,392 8.1 195 20.6 NA NA 3,356 21.4 1,673 1989 1,553 16.8 1,452 8.4 207 21.2 NA NA 4,243 27.2 2,084 1990 1,481 16.5 1,457 8.2 254 24.7 NA NA 4,379 27.9 2,282 1991 1,469 16.0 1,360 7.7 238 24.0 NA NA 4,312 27.5 2,299 1992 1,392 15.5 1,368 7.7 259 26.0 NA NA 4,256 28.1 2,369 1993 1,299 14.7 1,451 8.0 254 27.0 NA NA 4,440 29.5 2,362 1994 1,261 14.6 1,439 7.7 295 28.6 NA NA 4,479 29.2 2,346 1995 1,103 12.8 1,191 6.4 316 30.7 NA NA 4,164 27.1 2,204 1996 1,105 12.8 1,265 6.7 332 31.2 NA NA 4,050 26.2 2,145 1997 1,028 11.9 1,332 7.0 327 30.0 NA NA 3,637 23.0 1,998 1998 1,149 13.7 1,881 10.1 199 17.8 NA NA 4,940 30.4 2,721 1999 1,118 13.8 1,805 9.6 300 27.2 53,745 581.2 4,877 29.5 2,737 2000 1,027 12.7 2,112 11.0 284 26.4 3,443 87.0 4,831 29.1 2,971 2001 994 13.0 2,167 11.0 302 26.8 2,440 92.5 4,797 28.6 3,027 2002 1,214 15.9 2,344 12.4 291 26.6 2,280 97.3 4,733 28.2 3,090 2003 1,147 15.5 2,331 12.2 289 27.0 2,024 6 NM 4,761 28.2 2,914 2004 1,073 14.8 2,140 11.4 155 13.9 2,000 87.6 4,683 27.3 2,900 2005 R970 R14.0 R2,031 R11.3 R160 R14.1 2,147 79.8 R4,942 R28.5 2,845 2006 888 13.0 1,960 10.6 158 13.6 2,980 72.6 4,844 27.8 NA 

1 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 2 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 3 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999. 6 Total U.S. uranium production is slightly below that of the foreign-affiliated companies shown in this

table. The U.S. data were rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. (s)

withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978—U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary’s 

1983). • 1979-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), PEnergy, annual reports. • 1993-1996—EIA, Performance Prreports. • 1997 forward—EIA, Foreign Direct Investment in U.S
94 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2007

Company 1974-81 1982 1983-84 1985-86 1987 1988 1989-90 1991 1992-93 1994-96 1997 1998 1999 2000 200

Alenco, Inc. ....................................................... American Petrofina, Inc. 1 ................................. X X X X X X XAnadarko Petroleum Corporation 2 .................. X X X X X X X XApache Corporation .......................................... X XAshland Inc. 3 ................................................... X X X X X X X X X XXAtlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) 4 ........................ X X X X X X X X X XXXXBP America, Inc. 5,6 .......................................... X X X X X XXXX BP Amoco Corporation 4,5,7 .............................. X X X X X X X X X XXXXXXBurlington Northern Inc. 8 ................................. X X X X XBurlington Resources Inc. 8,9 ............................ X X X X X X X X X XChesapeake Energy Corporation ..................... Chevron Corporation 10,11,12,13 .......................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XCitgo Petroleum Corporation ............................ X X X XCities Service 14 ................................................ X XConocoPhillips, Inc. 9,15,16,17 ............................. X X X X XDevon Energy Corporation ............................... X XDominion Resources ........................................ X XE.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 15,16 ............. X X X X X X X X XXEl Paso Energy Corporation 18 ......................... X X XEnron Corporation ............................................ X XXXXXEOG Resources ............................................... X XEquilon Enterprises, LLC 19 .............................. XXXXEquitable Resources, Inc. ................................. Exxon Mobil Corporation 20 .............................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XGetty Oil 21 ........................................................ X X XGulf Oil 11 .......................................................... X X XHess Corporation .............................................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XKerr-McGee Corporation 2,22 ............................ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XLYONDELLBASELL 23 ..................................... X X X XMarathon 24 ...................................................... X Mobil Corporation 20,25 ...................................... X X X X X X X X X XXXMotiva Enterprises, LLC 26 ............................... X X X XNerco, Inc. 27 .................................................... XOccidental Petroleum Corporation 14 ............... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XOryx Energy Company 22,28 .............................. X X X X XXPhillips Petroleum Company 17,29 ..................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XPremcor Refining Group 30,31 ........................... X X X XShell Oil Company ............................................ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XSonat Inc. ......................................................... X XStandard Oil Co. (Ohio) (Sohio) 6 ..................... X X X XSunoco, Inc. 28,32 .............................................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X XSuperior Oil 25 ................................................... X X XTenneco Inc. 33 ................................................. X X X X X XTesoro Petroleum Corporation ......................... X X X XTexaco Inc. 12,21 ............................................... X X X X X X X X X XXXXXThe Coastal Corporation 18 .............................. X X X X X X X X X XXXXXThe Williams Companies, Inc ........................... X X X XTosco Corporation 29 ........................................ XXXXTotal Holdings, USA, 1,34,35 ............................... X X X X X X X XTotal Petroleum (North America) Ltd. 36 ........... X X Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation 37 ... XXXXUnion Pacific Resources Group, Inc. 38,39 ........ X X X X X X X X X XXXXUnocal Corporation 13 ....................................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XUSX Corporation .............................................. X X X X X X X X X XXXXXXValero Energy Corporation 31,37 ....................... X X X XXTO Energy, Inc. .............................................. 

Footnotes: See the following two pages.Note: "X" indicates that the company was included in the Financial Reporting System for the year

indicated.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28, "Financial Rep
Footnotes for Table 3.14

1American Petrofina, Inc. changed its name to Fina, Inc., effective April 17, 1991.2Kerr-McGee merged with Anadarko on August 10, 2007. Anadrako's 2005 submission includes data for Kerr-McGee after August 10, 2007. Data for Kerr-McGee were

submitted separately for the period from January 1, 2005, to August 10, 2007.

3Ashland was dropped from the FRS system for 1998 after spinning off downstream and coal operations and disposing of upstream operations.4BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) in April of 2000. The

reporting was consolidated under BP Amoco for 2000. Data for ARCO is notincluded in the database for the period from January 1, 2000, to April 14, 2000.

5Amoco merged with British Petroleum plc and became BP Amoco plc on December 31, 1998. BP America was renamed BP Amoco, Inc. The companies reported

separately for 1998 and 1999.

6In 1987, British Petroleum acquired all shares in Standard Oil Company (Ohio)

that it did not already control and renamed its U.S. affiliate, BP America, Inc.

7Formerly Standard Oil Company (Indiana).8Burlington Resources was added to the FRS system and Burlington Northern was

dropped for 1988. Data for Burlington Resources cover the full year 1988 eventhough that company was not created until May of that year.

9Burlington Resources merged with ConocoPhillips on March 30, 2007. ConocoPhillip's 2007 submission includes data for Burlington Resources after March 30,

2007. Data for Burlington Resources were submitted separately for the period fromJanuary 1, 2007, to March 30, 2007.

10Formerly Standard Oil Company of California.11Chevron acquired Gulf Oil in 1984, but separate data for Gulf continued to be

available for the full 1984 year.

12In October 2000, Chevron and Texaco agreed to merge. Both companies reported

separately for 2000.

13Unocal merged with Chevron on August 10, 2005. Chevron's 2005 submission

includes data for Unocal after August 10, 2005. Data for Unocal were submittedseparately for the period from January 1, 2005, to August 10, 2005.

14Occidental acquired Cities Service in 1982. Separate financial reports were available for 1982, so each company continued to be treated separately until 1983.15DuPont acquired Conoco in 1981. Separate data for Conoco were available for

1981; DuPont was included in the FRS system in 1982.

16Dupont was dropped from the FRS system when Conoco was spun-off in 1998.

Conoco began reporting separately again in 1998.

17In November 2001, Phillips and Conoco agreed to merge forming ConocoPhillips

in 2002. Both companies reported separately in 2001. The companies reportedseparately in 2002 until the time of the merger. 

18In January 2001, Coastal merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of El Paso

Energy Corporation. The name was changed to Ereported separately in 2000 under the name The C

19Equilon is a joint venture combining Shell's and 

U.S. refining and marketing businesses and natiolubricants businesses. Net income is duplicated in Texaco account for this investment using the equit

20In December 1998, Exxon and Mobil agreed to 

separately for 1998.

21Texaco acquired Getty in 1984; however, Gett

company for that year.

22In 1998, Kerr-McGee and Oryx merged. The 

consolidated under Kerr-McGee for 1998.

23LYONDELL-CITGO is a limited partnership 

Company and Citgo. There will be some duplicaccounts for its investment using the equity metho

24U.S. Steel (now USX) acquired Marathon in 19825Mobil acquired Superior in 1984, but both comp

that year.

26Motiva is a joint venture approximately equal

Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture combines trefining and marketing businesses. Duplication exShell and Texaco's interests, which are accounted 

27RTZ America acquired the common stock of N

In September 1993, Nerco, Inc. sold Nerco Oil & 1993 submission includes operations of Nerco Oi28, 1993.

28Sun Company spun off Sun Exploration and 

renamed Oryx Energy Company) during 1988. Bthe FRS system for 1988; therefore, some degree o

29In September 2001, Phillips acquired Tosco. Bo

in 2001.

30In May 2000, Clark Refining & Marketing chan

Group.

31Premcor merged with Valero on September 1, 

includes data for Premcor after September 1, 2005ted separately for the period from January 1, 2005

32Sun company withdrew from oil and gas expl

Sun's 1996 submission includes oil and gas explthrough September 30, 1996. Refining/marketinentire 1996 calendar year. In 1998 the company ch

33Tenneco sold its worldwide oil and gas assets 

assets in 1988. Other FRS companies purchasTenneco's assets.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
34Prior submissions were reported at the FINA, Inc. level. FINA, Inc. was the parent

of Fina Oil and Chemical Company, which is now ATOFINA Petrochemicals. Dueto a series of mergers and acquisitions, beginning in 2000, the submission isreported at the American Petrofina Holding Company level, which is the holdingcompany of ATOFINA.

35In 2002, the name was changed to Total Fina Elf and changed to Total Holdings,

USA in 2003.

36Effective June 1, 1991, Total's exploration, production, and marketing operations

in Canada were spun off to Total Oil & Gas, a new public entity.

37In December 2001, Valero and Ultramar Diamon

Both companies reported separately in 2001.

38Effective October 15, 1996, Union Pacific Corporat

the Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. to its sharehsystem included Union Pacific Corporation. The FRPacific Resources Group, Inc. for 1996.

39Union Pacific merged with Anadarko on July 14, 2

sion includes data for Union Pacific after July 14, 200not submitted for the period from January 1, 2000, to 

96 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Energy Resources

4

Semisubmersible drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resou

Natural G

30 

ba

Natural Gas (Dry)

1,533 trillion

cubic feet

Crude Oil178 billion

barrels

Undiscovered Conventionally Discovered Conventionally U.S. TotalReservoired Fields Reservoired Fields1 Reservoired Fields98 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

73%

1%

26%

26% 

13%

47%

32%

21%

Undiscovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields Discovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields1 Unconventionally Rese

1 Ultimate recovery appreciation. Source: Table 4.1.

40

36

29

60

64

71

Crude Natural Natural

0

255075

100

Percent

48 StatesAlaska

15

6

0

85

94

100

Crude Natural Natural

0

255075

100

Percent

U.S. Onshore and StateOffshore

U.S. Federal Onshore

52

48

Crude 

0

255075

100

Percent

U.S. Onshore State OffshorFederal Offsh

Oil Gas

(Dry)

Gas

Liquids

Oil Gas

(Dry)

Gas

Liquids

Oil 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Es

Region

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas (Dry) 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 

Undiscovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2 ....................................................................... 130.16 724.84 

 Alaska Onshore and State Offshore 3 ................................................................................................ 26.04 126.75  Alaska Federal Offshore 4 .................................................................................................................. 26.61 132.06  48 States Onshore and State Offshore 3 ............................................................................................ 18.24 178.21  48 States Federal Offshore 4 .............................................................................................................. 59.27 287.82 

Discovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2 Ultimate Recovery Appreciation 5 .................. 45.54 485.71 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 .................................................................................................... 38.66 454.80  U.S. Federal Offshore 4 ...................................................................................................................... 6.88 30.91 

Unconventionally Reservoired Fields 6(Continuous-Type Deposits (all onshore)) ....................................................................................... 2.13 322.27 U.S. Total ............................................................................................................................................. 177.83 1,532.82 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 .................................................................................................... 85.07 1,082.03  Federal Offshore 4 .............................................................................................................................. 92.76 450.79 

1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";

otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."

2 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas

usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.

3 Onshore plus State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State jurisdiction). 4 Federal offshore jurisdictions (Outer Continental Shelf and deeper water areas seaward of State

offshore).

5 Proved reserves (see Table 4.2) are not included in these estimates. Ultimate recovery appreciation

(reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known crude oil or natural gasreservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the time between discovery andpermanent abandonment.

6 Unconventionally reservoired deposits (continuous-type accumulations) are geographically extensive

subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas that generally lack well-defined hydrocarbon/watercontacts. Examples include coalbed methane, "tight gas," and self-sourced oil- and gas-shale reservoirs.

Notes: • "Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producible using current technology

without reference to the economic viability thereof. • For purposes of comparison, the Potential Gas

Committee, an industry-sponsored group of experts, bienn

estimate of the Nation’s natural gas resources. The latest mean Natural Gas in the United States," December 31, 2006, is 1,32undiscovered conventionally reservoired deposits, expected methane, and tight gas where it is believed to be technically costs. • A value of zero indicates either that none exists in thhas been made for this area. • "48 States" is the United States 

Sources: • National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment 

States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., December 200assessment_updates.html. • Resource Evaluation Division, Recoverable Oil and Gas Resources of the Nation’s Outer CRED-2006-01b, Minerals Management Service, Washttp://www.mms.gov/revaldiv/PDFs/2006NationalAssessmentBroappreciation estimates for Alaska and the Lower 48 States Onsthe Energy Information Administration, Reserves and Productiodata available as of year-end 2006.
Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved 

Recovery, 1977-2007

Crude Oil Natural Gas (Dry)Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed100 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes lease condensate. Source: Table 4.2.

Natural Gas (D

Cumulative Produ

Crude Oil

Cumulative Production 

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

50

100150200250

Index: 1977=100

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels

Cumulative Production

Cumulative Pro

Proved Reserves

Proved Reserves

Proved

Ultimate Recovery
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultim

 1977-2007

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1 Natural Gas (Dry)

Cumulative Production Proved Reserves Proved Ultimate Recovery Cumulative Production Proved Reserves 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 118.1 31.8 149.9 514.4 207.4 1978 121.3 31.4 152.6 533.6 208.0 1979 124.4 31.2 155.6 553.2 201.0 1980 127.5 31.3 158.9 572.6 199.0 1981 130.7 31.0 161.7 591.8 201.7 1982 133.8 29.5 163.3 609.6 201.5 1983 137.0 29.3 166.3 625.7 200.2 1984 140.2 30.0 170.2 643.2 197.5 1985 143.5 29.9 173.4 659.6 193.4 1986 146.7 28.3 175.0 675.7 191.6 1987 149.7 28.7 178.4 692.3 187.2 1988 152.7 28.2 180.9 709.4 168.0 1989 155.5 27.9 183.4 726.7 167.1 1990 158.2 27.6 185.7 744.5 169.3 1991 160.9 25.9 186.8 762.2 167.1 1992 163.5 25.0 188.5 780.1 165.0 1993 166.0 24.1 190.2 798.2 162.4 1994 168.4 23.6 192.0 817.0 163.8 1995 170.8 23.5 194.4 835.6 165.1 1996 173.2 23.3 196.5 854.5 166.5 1997 175.6 23.9 199.4 873.4 167.2 1998 177.8 22.4 200.2 892.4 164.0 1999 180.0 23.2 203.1 911.2 167.4 2000 182.1 23.5 205.6 930.4 177.4 2001 184.2 23.8 208.1 950.0 183.5 2002 186.3 24.0 210.4 968.9 186.9 2003 188.4 23.1 211.5 988.0 189.0 2004 190.4 22.6 213.0 1,006.6 192.5 2005 192.3 23.0 215.3 1,024.6 204.4 2006 194.1 22.1 216.3 1,043.1 211.1 2007 196.1 22.8 218.9 1,062.2 237.7 

1 Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas stream

at a lease or field separation facility.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Lease

Condensate," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html and http://www.

eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related information.

Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from Energy 

Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas Annual• 1977-2006—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natur• 2007—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Ga(February 2009), Tables 6, 8, and 15. Proved Ultimate Recovproduction and proved reserves.
Figure 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves

Total, 1949-2007 By Type, 2007By Type, 1949-2007102 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 COE=crude oil equivalent.

2 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in “Natural Gas

Liquids”; otherwise, lease condensate is included in “Crude Oil.”

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petrole

Association. EIA=Energy Information Administration.

Source: Table 4.3.

EIA Data

API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

EIA Data: 1977-2007

Crude Oil2

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Billion Barrels COE1API and AGA Data

42

21

Natural Gas Crude Oil2 

0

1020304050

Billion Barrels COE1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

204060

Billion Barrels COE1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949

Year

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas (Dry) Natural Gas Liquids 1 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 2 Billion Barrels COE 3 Billion Barrels Billion Barrels COE 3 

American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 1950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 1955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 1960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 1965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 1970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 1971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 1972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 1973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 1974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 1975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 1976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 1977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 1978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 1979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 

Energy Information Administration Data

1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA 1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 5.0 1979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.9 1980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 5.0 1981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 1982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.3 1983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 1984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 1985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 1986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.8 1987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 1988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 1989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 1990 26.3 169.3 30.0 7.6 5.4 1991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 1992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 1993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 1994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.0 1995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.2 1996 22.0 166.5 29.4 7.8 5.5 1997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 1998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 1999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 2000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 2001 22.4 183.5 32.5 8.0 5.6 2002 22.7 186.9 33.1 8.0 5.6 2003 21.9 189.0 33.6 7.5 5.2 2004 21.4 192.5 34.1 7.9 5.5 2005 21.8 204.4 36.3 8.2 5.6 2006 R21.0 211.1 37.4 8.5 5.8 2007 21.3 237.7 42.1 9.1 6.3 

1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";

otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."

2 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural

gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage. 3 Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry productionapproximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heatcontent (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE bymultiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) andthen dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are convertedto COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserve

Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pet

Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Gas 

Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum ACrude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). Energy Information AdministraOil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual repoNatural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2007 Annual Re
Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation

By Site, 1949-2008 By Site, 2008By Type, 1949-2008 By Type1, 2008104 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown. Source: Table 4.4.

1,814

Onshor

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Number of Rigs

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs

Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981

Total

Offshore Onshore

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs Total

Crude Oil

1,491

Natural G

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Number of Rigs

Natural Gas
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Number of Rigs)

Year

By Site By Type

Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas 

1949 NA NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 1973 1,110 84 NA NA 1974 1,378 94 NA NA 1975 1,554 106 NA NA 1976 1,529 129 NA NA 1977 1,834 167 NA NA 1978 2,074 185 NA NA 1979 1,970 207 NA NA 1980 2,678 231 NA NA 1981 3,714 256 NA NA 1982 2,862 243 NA NA 1983 2,033 199 NA NA 1984 2,215 213 NA NA 1985 1,774 206 NA NA 1986 865 99 NA NA 1987 841 95 NA NA 1988 813 123 554 354 1989 764 105 453 401 1990 902 108 532 464 1991 779 81 482 351 1992 669 52 373 331 1993 672 82 373 364 1994 673 102 335 427 1995 622 101 323 385 1996 671 108 306 464 1997 821 122 376 564 1998 703 123 264 560 1999 519 106 128 496 2000 778 140 197 720 2001 1,003 153 217 939 2002 717 113 137 691 2003 924 108 157 872 2004 1,095 97 165 1,025 2005 R1,287 R94 194 R1,184 2006 1,559 90 274 1,372 2007 1,695 72 297 1,466 2008 1,814 65 379 1,491 

1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for

miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole

weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. • Geo

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of component

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSource: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Ru
Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2008 Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2008 Successful Wells, 19Wells Drilled, 2008 Footage Drilled, 2008 Average Depth, 2008106 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Sources: Tables 4.5–4.7.

Total

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1

0

20406080

100

Percent

Total

Development

Exploratory

Development

Exploratory Natural 

Gas Wells

Crude

 Oil Wells

Dry Holes

17.4

32.6

5.6

16.4

29.7

3.9

1.0

2.9

1.8

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

05

101520253035

Thousand Wells

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

88

212

31

81

195

20

7

17 11

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

0

50

100150200250

Million Feet

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

5.1

4.9

7.8

Crude Oil 

0369

Thousand Feet per Well
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 1950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 1955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 1960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 1965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 1970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 1971 11,853 3,971 10,309 26,133 60.6 49,109 23,460 54,685 127,253 4,126 1972 11,378 5,440 10,891 27,709 60.7 49,269 30,006 58,556 137,831 4,330 1973 10,167 6,933 10,320 27,420 62.4 44,416 38,045 55,761 138,223 4,369 1974 13,647 7,138 12,116 32,901 63.2 52,025 38,449 62,899 153,374 3,812 1975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 1976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 1977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 1978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 77,041 75,841 85,788 238,669 4,017 1979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 1980 32,959 17,461 20,785 71,205 70.8 125,262 92,106 99,575 316,943 3,801 1981 43,887 20,250 27,953 92,090 69.6 172,167 108,353 134,934 415,454 3,923 1982 39,459 19,076 26,379 84,914 68.9 149,674 107,149 123,746 380,569 3,793 1983 37,366 14,684 24,355 76,405 68.1 136,849 78,108 105,222 320,179 3,662 1984 42,906 17,338 25,884 86,128 69.9 162,653 91,480 119,860 373,993 3,791 1985 35,261 14,324 21,211 70,796 70.0 137,728 76,293 100,388 314,409 3,906 1986 19,213 8,599 12,799 40,611 68.5 76,825 45,039 60,961 182,825 3,999 1987 16,210 8,096 11,167 35,473 68.5 66,358 42,584 53,588 162,530 4,094 1988 13,646 8,578 10,119 32,343 68.7 58,639 45,363 52,517 156,519 4,297 1989 10,230 9,522 8,236 27,988 70.6 43,266 49,081 42,099 134,446 4,229 1990 R12,479 R11,112 R8,226 R31,817 R74.1 R55,943 R56,829 R42,511 R155,283 R4,483 R1991 R12,152 R9,538 R7,461 R29,151 R74.4 R55,368 R50,238 R37,817 R143,424 R4,556 R1992 R8,994 R7,992 R5,847 R22,833 R74.4 R45,034 R44,301 R29,451 R118,786 R5,007 R1993 R8,618 R9,759 R6,075 R24,452 R75.2 R43,857 R58,130 R31,090 R133,078 R5,089 R1994 R7,100 R9,264 R5,063 R21,427 R76.4 R38,300 R58,108 R27,756 R124,163 R5,394 R1995 R7,919 R7,975 R4,804 R20,698 R76.8 R40,667 R49,600 R26,395 R116,662 R5,135 R1996 R8,612 R8,943 R4,877 R22,432 R78.3 R42,114 R56,050 R27,828 R125,992 R4,890 R1997 R11,046 R11,440 R5,855 R28,341 R79.3 R56,134 R71,416 R33,735 R161,286 R5,082 R1998 R7,559 R11,512 R4,754 R23,825 R80.0 R38,471 R70,082 R28,561 R137,114 R5,089 R1999 R4,738 R11,902 R3,518 R20,158 R82.5 R21,900 R60,096 R20,617 R102,613 R4,622 R2000 R7,991 R16,942 R4,130 R29,063 R85.8 R36,702 R83,414 R24,060 R144,175 R4,593 R2001 R8,812 R21,973 R4,546 R35,331 R87.1 R43,122 R110,523 R26,072 R179,716 R4,894 R2002 R6,731 R17,237 R3,721 R27,689 R86.6 R30,842 R92,885 R21,129 R144,856 R4,582 R2003 R8,048 R20,627 R3,924 R32,599 88.0 R38,495 R115,833 R22,539 R176,867 R4,783 R2004 R8,705 R24,060 R4,012 R36,777 R89.1 R42,032 R138,503 R23,462 R203,997 R4,829 R2005E R10,651 R28,451 R4,645 R43,747 R89.4 R51,511 R164,353 R25,104 R240,969 R4,836 R2006E R13,133 R32,478 R5,231 R50,842 R89.7 R63,649 R193,595 R28,154 R285,398 R4,846 R2007E R13,016 R32,622 R5,187 R50,825 R89.8 R66,527 R212,753 R28,931 R308,210 R5,111 R2008E 17,351 32,630 5,646 55,627 89.9 88,382 212,079 31,280 331,740 5,094 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells

only, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. • Revisions for 1990-2007 are due to

updates through September 2008 in the source files, including 

classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not inclsum of components due to independent rounding. Average dedue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations basDenver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Revi
Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2008

Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well TypeExploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Ty108 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7

for development wells only.

Source: Table 4.6.

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

Million Feet

Crude Oil Wells

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas 

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet Per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 1950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 1955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 1960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 1965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 1970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 1971 659 470 5,952 7,081 15.9 3,786 3,610 34,499 41,895 5,745 1972 685 656 6,134 7,475 17.9 4,028 4,847 36,081 44,956 5,880 1973 642 1,067 5,952 7,661 22.3 4,008 7,038 34,571 45,618 6,243 1974 859 1,190 6,833 8,882 23.1 5,029 7,683 38,603 51,315 5,855 1975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 1976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 1977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 1978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 46,295 65,197 6,067 1979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 1980 1,777 2,099 9,081 12,957 29.9 10,177 13,862 50,249 74,288 5,727 1981 2,651 2,522 12,400 17,573 29.4 15,515 17,079 69,214 101,808 5,853 1982 2,437 2,133 11,307 15,877 28.8 13,413 14,763 60,680 88,856 5,504 1983 2,030 1,605 10,206 13,841 26.3 10,437 10,264 48,989 69,690 5,141 1984 2,209 1,528 11,321 15,058 24.8 12,294 9,935 58,624 80,853 5,565 1985 1,680 1,200 8,954 11,834 24.3 9,854 8,144 47,604 65,602 5,865 1986 1,084 797 5,567 7,448 25.3 6,579 5,401 30,325 42,305 6,069 1987 926 756 5,052 6,734 25.0 5,652 5,064 26,746 37,462 6,104 1988 855 747 4,711 6,313 25.4 5,286 4,992 27,079 37,357 6,182 1989 607 706 3,934 5,247 25.0 3,659 4,664 21,947 30,270 6,028 1990 R778 R812 R3,650 R5,240 R30.3 R5,320 R5,765 R20,752 R31,837 R6,838 R1991 R673 R648 R3,189 R4,510 R29.3 R4,469 R4,615 R18,042 R27,127 R6,641 R1992 R571 R513 R2,381 R3,465 R31.3 R3,957 R3,543 R13,047 R20,548 R6,930 R1993 R539 R609 R2,328 R3,476 R33.0 R3,572 R3,947 R13,465 R20,984 R6,627 R1994 R595 R780 R2,240 R3,615 R38.0 R3,970 R5,120 R13,288 R22,377 R6,671 R1995 R570 R557 R2,023 R3,150 R35.8 R3,934 R3,489 R11,922 R19,345 R6,901 R1996 R489 R576 R1,955 R3,020 R35.3 R3,655 R3,901 R12,134 R19,690 R7,474 R1997 R491 R561 R2,111 R3,163 R33.3 R3,946 R4,032 R13,499 R21,478 R8,037 R1998 R327 R566 R1,588 R2,481 R36.0 R2,740 R4,092 R10,809 R17,641 R8,378 R1999 R196 R565 R1,156 R1,917 R39.7 R1,428 R3,963 R7,671 R13,062 R7,283 R2000 R288 R658 R1,339 R2,285 R41.4 R2,095 R4,834 R9,194 R16,123 R7,275 R2001 R356 R1,047 R1,715 R3,118 R45.0 R2,608 R7,318 R11,387 R21,313 R7,326 R2002 R257 R843 R1,275 R2,375 R46.3 R1,738 R5,729 R8,663 R16,130 R6,761 R2003 R353 R997 R1,287 R2,637 R51.2 R2,453 R6,569 R8,763 R17,785 R6,950 R2004 R386 R1,681 R1,335 R3,402 R60.8 R3,141 R9,998 R9,243 R22,382 R8,136 R2005E R532 R2,154 R1,452 R4,138 R64.9 R4,262 R12,347 R9,347 R25,955 R8,011 R2006E R671 R2,590 R1,528 R4,789 R68.1 R4,998 R14,945 R9,688 R29,630 R7,448 R2007E R832 R3,386 R1,630 R5,848 R72.1 R6,271 R19,982 R10,281 R36,534 R7,537 R2008E 950 2,893 1,786 5,629 68.3 7,389 17,066 11,130 35,585 7,778 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells

combined, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed ina given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American PetroleumInstitute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a givenyear. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reportingof wells drilled. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing

data. • Revisions for 1990-2007 are due to updates through Se

the addition of data for new wells that are classified as horizoincluded in this table. • Totals may not equal sum of componedepth may not equal average of components due to independen

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations basDenver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Revi
Figure 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2008

Development Wells Drilled by Well Type Development Footage Drilled by Well TypeDevelopment Wells Average Depth, All Wells Development Wells Average Depth by Well T110 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Note: These graphs depict development wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure

4.6 for exploratory wells only.

Source: Table 4.7.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250

Million Feet Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 1950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 1955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 41960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 1965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 1970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 1971 11,194 3,501 4,357 19,052 77.1 45,323 19,850 20,186 85,358 4,049 1972 10,693 4,784 4,757 20,234 76.5 45,241 25,159 22,475 92,875 4,231 1973 9,525 5,866 4,368 19,759 77.9 40,408 31,007 21,190 92,605 4,242 1974 12,788 5,948 5,283 24,019 78.0 46,996 30,766 24,296 102,059 3,675 1975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 1976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 41977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 1978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 69,936 64,043 39,493 173,472 3,883 1979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 1980 31,182 15,362 11,704 58,248 79.9 115,085 78,244 49,326 242,655 3,691 1981 41,236 17,728 15,553 74,517 79.1 156,652 91,274 65,720 313,646 3,799 1982 37,022 16,943 15,072 69,037 78.2 136,261 92,386 63,066 291,713 3,681 1983 35,336 13,079 14,149 62,564 77.4 126,412 67,844 56,233 250,489 3,577 1984 40,697 15,810 14,563 71,070 79.5 150,359 81,545 61,236 293,140 3,695 1985 33,581 13,124 12,257 58,962 79.2 127,874 68,149 52,784 248,807 3,808 1986 18,129 7,802 7,232 33,163 78.2 70,246 39,638 30,636 140,520 3,875 1987 15,284 7,340 6,115 28,739 78.7 60,706 37,520 26,842 125,068 3,972 1988 12,791 7,831 5,408 26,030 79.2 53,353 40,371 25,438 119,162 4,171 1989 9,623 8,816 4,302 22,741 81.1 39,607 44,417 20,152 104,176 4,116 1990 R11,701 R10,300 R4,576 R26,577 R82.8 R50,623 R51,064 R21,759 R123,447 R4,326 R41991 R11,479 R8,890 R4,272 R24,641 R82.7 R50,899 R45,623 R19,774 R116,296 R4,434 R1992 R8,423 R7,479 R3,466 R19,368 R82.1 R41,077 R40,758 R16,404 R98,238 R4,877 R1993 R8,079 R9,150 R3,747 R20,976 R82.1 R40,285 R54,183 R17,625 R112,093 R4,986 R1994 R6,505 R8,484 R2,823 R17,812 R84.2 R34,330 R52,988 R14,468 R101,786 R5,278 R1995 R7,349 R7,418 R2,781 R17,548 R84.2 R36,734 R46,111 R14,473 R97,317 R4,998 R1996 R8,123 R8,367 R2,922 R19,412 R84.9 R38,460 R52,149 R15,694 R106,302 R4,735 R1997 R10,555 R10,879 R3,744 R25,178 R85.1 R52,188 R67,384 R20,236 R139,808 R4,944 R1998 R7,232 R10,946 R3,166 R21,344 R85.2 R35,731 R65,990 R17,752 R119,473 R4,941 R1999 R4,542 R11,337 R2,362 R18,241 R87.1 R20,473 R56,133 R12,946 R89,551 R4,507 R42000 R7,703 R16,284 R2,791 R26,778 R89.6 R34,607 R78,579 R14,866 R128,052 R4,493 R42001 R8,456 R20,926 R2,831 R32,213 91.2 R40,514 R103,204 R14,684 R158,402 R4,791 R42002 R6,474 R16,394 R2,446 R25,314 R90.3 R29,104 R87,156 R12,466 R128,726 R4,496 R2003 R7,695 R19,630 R2,637 R29,962 R91.2 R36,042 R109,263 R13,777 R159,082 R4,684 R2004 R8,319 R22,379 R2,677 R33,375 R92.0 R38,892 R128,505 R14,219 R181,615 R4,675 R2005E R10,119 R26,297 R3,193 R39,609 R91.9 R47,249 R152,006 R15,758 R215,014 R4,669 R2006E R12,462 R29,888 R3,703 R46,053 R92.0 R58,651 R178,650 R18,466 R255,768 R4,706 R2007E R12,184 R29,236 R3,557 R44,977 R92.1 R60,256 R192,771 R18,650 R271,676 R4,945 R2008E 16,401 29,737 3,860 49,998 92.3 80,993 195,013 20,149 296,155 4,938 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells

combined, and Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. • Revisions for 1990-2007 are due to

updates through September 2008 in the source files, including 

classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not inclsum of components due to independent rounding. Average dedue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations basDenver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Revi
Figure 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled

Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2007 Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2007Costs per Well by Well Type, 2007 Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2007112 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Source: Table 4.8.

Real1

Nominal2

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000

Thousand Dollars

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

200400600800

Dollars

717

604

Crude Oil Natural Gas 

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Nominal Dollars2 4,000 3,907

6,131

4,172

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

Thousand Nominal Dollars2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2007

Year

Thousand Dollars per Well Dollars per Foot

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 All Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 

Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Real 5 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 

1960 52.2 102.7 44.0 54.9 261.1 13.22 18.57 10.56 1961 51.3 94.7 45.2 54.5 256.2 13.11 17.65 10.56 1962 54.2 97.1 50.8 58.6 271.8 13.41 18.10 11.20 1963 51.8 92.4 48.2 55.0 252.4 13.20 17.19 10.58 1964 50.6 104.8 48.5 55.8 252.2 13.12 18.57 10.64 1965 56.6 101.9 53.1 60.6 269.1 13.94 18.35 11.21 1966 62.2 133.8 56.9 68.4 295.1 15.04 21.75 12.34 1967 66.6 141.0 61.5 72.9 305.1 16.61 23.05 12.87 1968 79.1 148.5 66.2 81.5 327.0 18.63 24.05 12.88 1969 86.5 154.3 70.2 88.6 338.7 19.28 25.58 13.23 1970 86.7 160.7 80.9 94.9 344.6 19.29 26.75 15.21 1971 78.4 166.6 86.8 94.7 327.6 18.41 27.70 16.02 1972 93.5 157.8 94.9 106.4 352.8 20.77 27.78 17.28 1973 103.8 155.3 105.8 117.2 367.8 22.54 27.46 19.22 1974 110.2 189.2 141.7 138.7 399.5 27.82 34.11 26.76 1975 138.6 262.0 177.2 177.8 467.9 34.17 46.23 33.86 1976 151.1 270.4 190.3 191.6 476.7 37.35 49.78 36.94 1977 170.0 313.5 230.2 227.2 531.4 41.16 57.57 43.49 1978 208.0 374.2 281.7 280.0 611.8 49.72 68.37 52.55 1979 243.1 443.1 339.6 331.4 668.8 58.29 80.66 64.60 1980 272.1 536.4 376.5 367.7 680.4 66.36 95.16 73.70 1981 336.3 698.6 464.0 453.7 767.4 80.40 122.17 90.03 1982 347.4 864.3 515.4 514.4 820.0 86.34 146.20 104.09 1983 283.8 608.1 366.5 371.7 570.1 72.65 108.37 79.10 1984 262.1 489.8 329.2 326.5 482.5 66.32 88.80 67.18 1985 270.4 508.7 372.3 349.4 501.2 66.78 93.09 73.69 1986 284.9 522.9 389.2 364.6 511.7 68.35 93.02 76.53 1987 246.0 380.4 259.1 279.6 382.0 58.35 69.55 51.05 1988 279.4 460.3 366.4 354.7 468.6 62.28 84.65 66.96 1989 282.3 457.8 355.4 362.2 461.1 64.92 86.86 67.61 1990 321.8 471.3 367.5 383.6 470.2 69.17 90.73 67.49 1991 346.9 506.6 441.2 421.5 499.1 73.75 93.10 83.05 1992 362.3 426.1 357.6 382.6 442.9 69.50 72.83 67.82 1993 356.6 521.2 387.7 426.8 482.9 67.52 83.15 72.56 1994 409.5 535.1 491.5 483.2 535.4 70.57 81.90 86.60 1995 415.8 629.7 481.2 513.4 557.4 78.09 95.97 84.60 1996 341.0 616.0 541.0 496.1 528.6 70.60 98.67 95.74 1997 445.6 728.6 655.6 603.9 632.9 90.48 117.55 115.09 1998 566.0 815.6 973.2 769.1 797.2 108.88 127.94 157.79 1999 783.0 798.4 1,115.5 856.1 874.8 156.45 138.42 182.99 2000 593.4 756.9 1,075.4 754.6 754.6 125.96 138.39 181.83 2001 729.1 896.5 1,620.4 943.2 921.1 153.72 172.05 271.63 2002 882.8 991.9 1,673.4 1,054.2 1,011.9 194.55 175.78 284.17 2003 1,037.3 1,106.0 2,065.1 1,199.5 1,127.4 221.13 189.95 345.94 2004 1,441.8 1,716.4 1,977.3 1,673.1 1,528.5 298.45 284.78 327.91 2005 1,920.4 1,497.6 2,392.9 1,720.7 R1,522.3 314.36 280.03 429.92 2006 2,238.6 1,936.2 2,664.6 2,101.7 R1,801.3 402.45 348.36 479.33 2007 4,000.4 3,906.9 6,131.2 4,171.7 3,481.8 717.13 604.06 1,132.09 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary. 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. 

Notes: • The information reported for 1965 and prior years 

recent surveys. • Average cost is the arithmetic mean and iwells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exservice wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "DevGlossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.api.org/staSource: American Petroleum Institute, 2007 Joint Association 
Figure 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Re

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2007Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve AdditionExpenditures, 1974-2007 Three-Year Moving Average114 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Crude oil equivalent.2 See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial 3.14.

Source: Table 4.9.

U.S. Total

Major U.S. Energy Companies-U

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 

-2

0

2

468

10

12

-2

Billion Barrels COE1

Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign

Major U.S. Energy

Companies–United States

Majo

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

20406080

100120

Billion Nominal Dollars 2

Major U.S. Energy Companies

–Foreign

1975 1980 1985 1990 

07

14

21

28

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel COE1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,

 and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2007

Year

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1

of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids

Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Expenditur

T

U.S. Total

 Major U.S. Energy Companies 2 Major U.S. Energy Companies 2 Ma

United States Foreign United States Foreign United S

Million Barrels COE 3 Billion Nominal Dollars 4 Nom

1974 NA 2,205 NA 8.7 3.8 NA 1975 3,846 -634 NA 7.8 5.3 8.01976 3,224 1,663 1,459 9.5 5.2 8.61977 3,765 2,210 1,055 10.7 5.6 5.11978 3,679 2,383 1,191 11.8 6.4 7.31979 5,071 1,378 51,208 21.3 7.8 9.31980 6,723 2,590 1,977 26.2 11.0 11.81981 7,304 2,848 1,006 33.0 12.4 11.61982 5,030 2,482 1,332 39.1 14.2 610.61983 6,412 3,427 1,918 27.1 10.7 9.21984 6,653 3,941 1,298 48.1 17.3 68.21985 6,190 73,129 1,192 28.5 10.1 78.21986 4,866 2,178 51,375 17.4 7.5 6.61987 6,059 73,698 2,516 14.3 9.2 74.51988 7,156 3,359 2,460 21.0 13.0 5.01989 5,385 2,798 2,043 15.0 14.1 5.61990 6,275 2,979 2,355 15.1 13.6 5.81991 4,227 1,772 2,135 14.2 13.7 6.51992 5,006 1,332 1,694 10.3 12.9 7.01993 4,814 1,945 2,147 10.9 12.5 5.61994 6,021 2,703 3,173 12.6 11.9 4.71995 6,558 2,929 2,799 12.4 13.2 5.11996 6,707 2,131 3,280 14.6 16.6 7.61997 7,233 1,367 3,279 21.8 17.9 9.61998 3,628 2,798 5,206 24.4 26.4 11.11999 7,929 1,197 3,360 13.5 17.5 10.22000 8,725 4,392 3,593 48.0 28.8 9.62001 7,449 4,271 6,744 33.9 35.9 10.42002 7,056 2,232 3,036 31.8 31.4 10.62003 5,189 2,216 4,047 27.2 28.2 12.52004 6,624 2,825 841 32.4 25.3 11.92005 8,543 3,818 1,664 46.6 47.3 R19.92006 R6,479 R2,175 2,747 R96.7 R59.2 R21.72007 11,745 3,560 985 64.4 42.7 NA 

1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production. 

See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural GasLiquids" in Glossary.

2 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS) (see Table 3.14). 

3 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See

Appendix A.

4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data

for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions. 6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated withmergers among the FRS companies.

7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1

barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas res

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: • 1974-1976—

Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, NoPerformance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reportsReserves: • 1975-1979—American Gas Association, AmePetroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Othe United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, VolumU.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 
Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exp

Development by Region

Total, 1974-2007 U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2007 U.S. Onshore and OfBy Region, 2007116 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Includes all Europe except countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary. 3 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Eurasia” and “Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary. 4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

5 This region includes areas that are westward of the 

longitude and that are not included in other domestic or fo

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form thSee Table 3.14. 

Source: Table 4.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

4080

120160

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1980 1985 

0

255075

Billion Nominal Dollars1 Onshore

Offshore

United States

Foreign

64.4

5.8 8.1

2.9

12.5

3.2

United States Canada Europe2 Eurasia3 Africa Middle East Other 

0

255075

Billion Nominal Dollars1

Hem
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratio

 by Region, 1974-2007 (Billion Nominal Dollars 1

)

Year

United States Foreign

Onshore Offshore Total Canada Europe 

2 Eurasia 3 Africa

Middle

East

Other

Eastern

Hemisphere 4

Oth

West

Hemisp

1974 NA NA 8.7 NA NA – – NA NA NA N1975 NA NA 7.8 NA NA – – NA NA NA N1976 NA NA 9.5 NA NA – – NA NA NA N1977 6.7 4.0 10.7 1.5 2.5 – – .7 .2 .3 1978 7.5 4.3 11.8 1.6 2.6 – – .8 .3 .4 1979 13.0 8.3 21.3 2.3 3.0 – – .8 .2 .5 1980 16.8 9.4 26.2 3.1 4.3 – – 1.4 .2 .8 11981 19.9 13.0 33.0 1.8 5.0 – – 2.1 .3 1.9 11982 27.2 11.9 39.1 1.9 6.3 – – 2.1 .4 2.4 11983 16.0 11.1 27.1 1.6 4.3 – – 1.7 .5 2.0 1984 32.1 16.0 48.1 5.4 5.5 – – 3.4 .5 2.0 1985 20.0 8.5 28.5 1.9 3.7 – – 1.6 .9 1.3 1986 12.5 4.9 17.4 1.1 3.2 – – 1.1 .3 1.2 1987 9.7 4.5 14.3 1.9 3.0 – – .8 .4 2.8 1988 12.9 8.1 21.0 5.4 4.3 – – .8 .4 1.4 1989 9.0 6.0 15.0 6.3 3.5 – – 1.0 .4 2.3 1990 10.2 4.9 15.1 1.8 6.6 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 1991 9.6 4.6 14.2 1.7 6.8 – – 1.5 .5 2.4 1992 7.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 6.8 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 1993 7.2 3.7 10.9 1.6 5.5 .3 1.5 .7 2.5 1994 7.8 4.8 12.6 1.8 4.4 .3 1.4 .4 2.8 1995 7.7 4.7 12.4 1.9 5.2 .4 2.0 .4 2.4 1996 7.9 6.7 14.6 1.6 5.6 .5 2.8 .5 4.1 11997 13.0 8.8 21.8 2.0 7.1 .6 3.0 .6 3.0 11998 13.5 11.0 24.4 4.8 8.6 1.3 3.1 .9 3.9 31999 6.6 6.9 13.5 2.1 4.1 .6 3.1 .4 3.4 32000 27.1 21.0 48.0 4.9 7.5 .9 2.7 .6 6.8 52001 24.2 9.6 33.9 15.3 5.4 .9 5.5 .7 5.0 32002 22.3 9.5 31.8 6.7 9.8 1.3 5.1 .8 6.2 12003 14.7 12.5 27.2 4.9 5.7 2.1 9.2 1.0 4.2 12004 21.9 10.5 32.4 5.3 4.4 2.0 6.9 1.3 3.8 12005 35.2 11.3 46.6 9.1 6.1 6.3 10.7 1.5 12.0 12006 R69.9 R26.8 R96.7 17.0 29.0 32.4 12.9 3.1 R6.6 R82007 50.3 14.1 64.4 5.8 8.1 2.9 12.5 3.2 6.8 3

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Through 2005, includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (the Federal Republic

of), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2006, includes all Europe except countries that were part ofthe former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 3 Through 2005, includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. as well as Albania, Bosnia andHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, andSlovenia. Beginning in 2006, includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia"and "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and

that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

5 This region includes areas that are westward of the Gre

that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top pub

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financia• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration 

FRS Database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIA, Perfannual reports.
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008

By Key State By RegionWest and East of the Mississippi By Mining Method By Rank118 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 4.11.

119

104

63

33 30 27 23

16 12 12 9

Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana

0

153045607590

105120135

Billion Short Tons232 

Western 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

ming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico

260

Bitu- S

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

256

233

West of the East of the

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi

333

156

Underground Surface

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi minous m
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2008

 (Billion Short Tons)

Region and State

Anthracite Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface Surface 1 Underg

Appalachian .............................................. 4.0 3.4 69.5 22.4 0.0 0.0 1.1 73

 Alabama ................................................... .0 .0 1.0 2.1 .0 .0 1.1 1 Kentucky, Eastern .................................... .0 .0 1.0 9.2 .0 .0 .0 1 Ohio .......................................................... .0 .0 17.5 5.7 .0 .0 .0 17 Pennsylvania ............................................ 3.8 3.4 19.2 .9 .0 .0 .0 23 Virginia ...................................................... .1 .0 .9 .5 .0 .0 .0 1 West Virginia ............................................ .0 .0 28.8 3.6 .0 .0 .0 28 Other 2 ...................................................... .0 .0 1.1 .3 .0 .0 .0 1

Interior ....................................................... .1 .0 117.0 27.2 .0 .0 12.7 117

 Illinois ........................................................ .0 .0 87.8 16.5 .0 .0 .0 87 Indiana ...................................................... .0 .0 8.7 .7 .0 .0 .0 8 Iowa .......................................................... .0 .0 1.7 .5 .0 .0 .0 1 Kentucky, Western ................................... .0 .0 15.8 3.6 .0 .0 .0 15 Missouri .................................................... .0 .0 1.5 4.5 .0 .0 .0 1 Oklahoma ................................................. .0 .0 1.2 .3 .0 .0 .0 1 Texas ........................................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12.3  Other 3 ...................................................... .1 .0 .3 1.1 .0 .0 0.4 

Western ..................................................... .0 (s) 21.4 2.3 121.2 57.8 29.3 142

 Alaska ....................................................... .0 .0 .6 .1 4.8 .6 (s) 5 Colorado ................................................... .0 (s) 7.6 .6 3.7 .0 4.2 11 Montana .................................................... .0 .0 1.4 .0 69.6 32.4 15.8 71 New Mexico .............................................. .0 (s) 2.7 .9 3.5 5.0 .0 6 North Dakota ............................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 9.0  Utah .......................................................... .0 .0 5.0 .3 (s) .0 .0 5 Washington ............................................... .0 .0 .3 .0 1.0 .0 (s) 1 Wyoming ................................................... .0 .0 3.8 .5 38.7 19.7 .0 42 Other 4 ...................................................... .0 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) .4 

U.S. Total ................................................... 4.1 3.4 207.9 51.9 121.2 57.8 43.1 333

 States East of the Mississippi River ......... 4.0 3.4 181.8 43.2 .0 .0 1.1 185 States West of the Mississippi River ........ .1 .0 26.2 8.6 121.2 57.8 42.0 147

1 Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States. 2 Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan. 4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.

(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons. Notes: • See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology

used to produce these data. • Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzed

and on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in 

coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability wi0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fiftbase of coal in the United States is estimated to be recovecomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves D
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2001 and 2004-2008 Holes Drilled, Selected YearsTotal Footage Drilled, 1949-2001 and 2004-2008 Footage Drilled, Selected Years120 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 4.12.

20

29

3 

38

75

2 

1968 1978 1988 

0

20406080

Thousands 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Thousands

8

19

2

16

29

1 

1968 1978 1988 

048

12

16202428

32

Million Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

102030405060

Million Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Exploration 1 Development 2 

Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled 

Thousands Million Feet Thousands Million Feet Thousands 

1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 1950 NA .57 NA .21 NA 1955 NA 5.27 NA .76 NA 1960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 1965 6.23 1.16 7.33 .95 13.56 1970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 1971 28.42 11.40 10.44 4.05 38.86 1972 26.91 11.82 9.71 3.61 36.62 1973 22.56 10.83 11.70 5.59 34.26 1974 27.40 14.72 12.30 6.84 39.70 1975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 1976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 1977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 1978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 1979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 1980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 1981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 1982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 1983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 1984 4.80 2.26 .72 .29 5.52 1985 2.88 1.42 .77 .34 3.65 1986 1.99 1.10 1.85 .97 3.83 1987 1.82 1.11 1.99 .86 3.81 1988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 1989 2.09 1.43 1.75 .80 3.84 1990 1.51 .87 1.91 .81 3.42 1991 1.62 .97 1.57 .87 3.20 1992 .94 .56 .83 .50 1.77 1993 .36 .22 1.67 .89 2.02 1994 .52 .34 .48 .32 1.00 1995 .58 .40 1.73 .95 2.31 1996 1.12 .88 3.58 2.16 4.70 1997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 1998 1.37 .89 5.23 3.75 6.60 1999 .27 .18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2000 W W W W 1.55 2001 .00 .00 1.02 .66 1.02 2002 W W W W W 2003 NA NA NA NA W 2004 W W W W 2.19 2005 W W W W 3.14 2006 1.47 .82 3.43 1.89 4.90 2007 4.35 2.20 5.00 2.95 9.35 2008 5.20 2.54 4.16 2.55 9.36 

1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at

the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation.

2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and

configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclea

Sources: • 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Gra

Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (19Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, "Domestic Uranium Production Report" (May 2009).
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003

Reserves Reserves and Resources(Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)122 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington.2See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Notes: • See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. • Data are Source: Table 4.13.

AZ

UT CO

NESDND

TX

CA

OR

WA

ID

NV

N

M

566

341

84

WY

582

363

106

23 38 6

Forward-Cost Category

(nominal dollars2 per pound)

$30 or Less$50 or Less$100 or Less

170

123

45

Sum of AZ, CO, and UT

58 40 24

Sum of Other States1

Billion Pounds Uranium Oxide

1.3

2.2

3

0.3

0.9

$30 or Less $50 o

(nominal dolla

Forward-Co

0

1

2

3456

ReservesEstimated Additional Speculative Resource
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003

 (Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)

Resource Category and State

Forward-Cost 1 Category (nominal dollars 2 per po

$30 or Less $50 or Less 

Reserves 3 ......................................................................................................................... 265 890 

 New Mexico .................................................................................................................. 84 341  Wyoming ....................................................................................................................... 106 363  Texas ............................................................................................................................ 6 23  Arizona, Colorado, Utah ............................................................................................... 45 123  Others 4 ........................................................................................................................ 24 40 

Potential Resources 5

 Estimated Additional Resources ..................................................................................... 2,180 3,310  Speculative Resources ................................................................................................... 1,310 2,230 

1 Forward costs are all operating and capital costs yet to be incurred in the production of uranium from

estimated resources. Excluded are previous expenditures (such as exploration and land acquisitions),taxes, profit, and the cost of money. Generally, forward costs are lower than market prices. Resourcevalues in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includesall reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category.

2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 The Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the

internationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR). 4 California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. 

5 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimate

to the nearest million pounds uranium oxide.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Until further notice, the

• See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • Forward Costs $30 or Less and $50 or Less: 

(June 2004). • Forward Costs $100 or Less: EIA, Office of database as of June 2004.

Petroleum

5

Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2008

(Million Barrels per Day)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Unfinished oils, other hydrocarbons/hydrogen, and motor gasoline and aviation gasoline

blending components.

2 Net imports (1.51) and adjustments (0.39) minus stock change (0.04) and product supplied

(-0.02).

3 Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.4 Natural gas plant liquids.

5 Production minus refinery input.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived frpublication. • Totals may not equal sum of components dSources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a-5.13d, 5

February 2009, Table 4.
Figure 5.1 Petroleum Overview

Overview, 1949-2008 Overview, 2008Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1949-2008 Trade, 1949-2008128 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.

Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 6.7 12.9

1.8

Production 2 Imports Export

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day Production2 Consumption1

Net Imports

5.00 in

2008

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Peak: 9.64

in 1970

Crude Oil

Crude Oil Import

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day

Exports
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Field Production 1

Processing

Gain 5

Trade

Stoc

Chang

Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids 4 Total Imports 6 Exports

Net

Imports 7 48 States 3 Alaska Total

1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 -2 645 327 318 -1950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 2 850 305 545 -51955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 34 1,248 368 880 (s) 1960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 146 1,815 202 1,613 -81965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 220 2,468 187 2,281 -1970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 359 3,419 259 3,161 101971 9,245 218 9,463 1,693 11,155 382 3,926 224 3,701 71972 9,242 199 9,441 1,744 11,185 388 4,741 222 4,519 -231973 9,010 198 9,208 1,738 10,946 453 6,256 231 6,025 131974 8,581 193 8,774 1,688 10,462 480 6,112 221 5,892 171975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 460 6,056 209 5,846 31976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 477 7,313 223 7,090 -51977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 524 8,807 243 8,565 541978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 496 8,363 362 8,002 -94 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 527 8,456 471 7,985 171980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 597 6,909 544 6,365 141981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 508 5,996 595 5,401 161982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 531 5,113 815 4,298 -141983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 488 5,051 739 4,312 -21984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 553 5,437 722 4,715 281985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 557 5,067 781 4,286 -101986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 616 6,224 785 5,439 201987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 639 6,678 764 5,914 41988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 655 7,402 815 6,587 -21989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 661 8,061 859 7,202 -41990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 683 8,018 857 7,161 101991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 715 7,627 1,001 6,626 -11992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 772 7,888 950 6,938 -61993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 766 8,620 1,003 7,618 151994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 768 8,996 942 8,054 11995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 774 8,835 949 7,886 -241996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 837 9,478 981 8,498 -151997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 850 10,162 1,003 9,158 141998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 886 10,708 945 9,764 231999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 886 10,852 940 9,912 -422000 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 -62001 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 903 11,871 971 10,900 322002 4,761 984 5,746 1,880 7,626 957 11,530 984 10,546 -102003 4,706 974 5,681 1,719 7,400 974 12,264 1,027 11,238 52004 4,510 908 5,419 1,809 7,228 1,051 13,145 1,048 12,097 202005 4,314 864 5,178 1,717 6,895 989 13,714 1,165 12,549 142006 4,361 741 5,102 1,739 6,841 994 13,707 1,317 12,390 62007 R4,342 R722 R5,064 R1,783 R6,847 R996 R13,468 R1,433 R12,036 R-142008P 4,273 683 4,955 1,781 6,737 971 12,872 1,831 11,041 20

1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and

a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes whatwas previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blendingcomponents, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments." 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 4 See Table 5.10. 5 Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8. 6 Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 7 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 8 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includescrude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the NortheastHeating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.

9 An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, m

ethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA, Petroleum Supply Month

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per daNotes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Pet

to Total Petroleum Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes ASupplied Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, P• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2008

By Geographic Location By Site48 States1 and Alaska Number of Producing Wells Average Productivity130 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Source: Table 5.2.

Total

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)Total

1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative) 48 States1 Offshore Alaska Onshore

Alaska

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day48 States1

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Thousand Wells

1960 1970 

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

1985: 647

thousand wells

2008: 525

thousand wells

Peak: 18.6 i
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2008

Year

Geographic Location Site Type

Total

Production

48 States 2 Alaska Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Lease Condensate Produc

Thousand Barrels per Day Tho

1954 6,342 0 6,209 133 6,342 5 ( ) 6,342 1955 6,807 0 6,645 162 6,807 5 ( ) 6,807 1960 7,034 2 6,716 319 7,035 5 ( ) 7,035 1965 7,774 30 7,140 665 7,804 5 ( ) 7,804 1970 9,408 229 8,060 1,577 9,180 457 9,637 1975 8,183 191 7,012 1,362 8,007 367 8,375 1976 7,958 173 6,868 1,264 7,776 356 8,132 1977 7,781 464 7,069 1,176 7,875 370 8,245 1978 7,478 1,229 7,571 1,136 8,353 355 8,707 1979 7,151 1,401 7,485 1,067 8,181 371 8,552 1980 6,980 1,617 7,562 1,034 8,210 386 8,597 1981 6,962 1,609 7,537 1,034 8,176 395 8,572 1982 6,953 1,696 7,538 1,110 8,261 387 8,649 1983 6,974 1,714 7,492 1,196 8,688 5 ( ) 8,688 1984 7,157 1,722 7,596 1,283 8,879 5 ( ) 8,879 1985 7,146 1,825 7,722 1,250 8,971 5 ( ) 8,971 1986 6,814 1,867 7,426 1,254 8,680 5 ( ) 8,680 1987 6,387 1,962 7,153 1,196 8,349 5 ( ) 8,349 1988 6,123 2,017 6,949 1,191 8,140 5 ( ) 8,140 1989 5,739 1,874 6,486 1,127 7,613 5 ( ) 7,613 1990 5,582 1,773 6,273 1,082 7,355 5 ( ) 7,355 1991 5,618 1,798 6,245 1,172 7,417 5 ( ) 7,417 1992 5,457 1,714 5,953 1,218 7,171 5 ( ) 7,171 1993 5,264 1,582 5,606 1,241 6,847 5 ( ) 6,847 1994 5,103 1,559 5,291 1,370 6,662 5 ( ) 6,662 1995 5,076 1,484 5,035 1,525 6,560 5 ( ) 6,560 1996 5,071 1,393 4,902 1,562 6,465 5 ( ) 6,465 1997 5,156 1,296 4,803 1,648 6,452 5 ( ) 6,452 1998 5,077 1,175 4,560 1,692 6,252 5 ( ) 6,252 1999 4,832 1,050 4,132 1,750 5,881 5 ( ) 5,881 2000 4,851 970 4,049 1,773 5,822 5 ( ) 5,822 2001 4,839 963 3,879 1,923 5,801 5 ( ) 5,801 2002 4,761 984 3,743 2,003 5,746 5 ( ) 5,746 2003 4,706 974 3,668 2,012 5,681 5 ( ) 5,681 2004 4,510 908 3,536 1,883 5,419 5 ( ) 5,419 2005 4,314 864 3,466 1,712 5,178 5 ( ) 5,178 2006 4,361 741 3,401 1,701 5,102 5 ( ) 5,102 2007 R4,342 R722 R3,407 R1,657 R5,064 5 ( ) R5,064 2008 P4,273 P683 E3,585 E1,371 P4,955 5 ( ) P4,955 P

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 3 As of December 31. 4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in

1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.

5 Included in "Crude Oil."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

infomation.

Sources: Onshore: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement

(PS), Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data

Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petrol

• 2008—EIA estimate. Offshore: • 1954-1969—U.S. GeStatistics (June 1979). • 1970-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minereports. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimate. Producing Wells: Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products" chapter. PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-1994—Independent PeProducing Industry in Your State. • 1995 forward—Gulf PubliOther Data: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Indus• 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type

Total, 1949-2008 By Selected Product, 1949-2008By Product, 2008132 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and

oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Total

Crude

Oil

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Products

788 763

348

304

246 211

102

22

Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils Residual Motor LPG1 Distillate Jet Fuel Aspha

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

Blending Fuel Oil Gasoline Fuel Oil

Components

Road 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1,2

Petroleum Products

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 3

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 5

Motor Gasoline

Blending

Components

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

O

Pro

Propane 

4 Total

1949 421 3 5 3 ( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 1950 487 5 7 3 ( ) 0 0 (s) 7 ( ) 329 21 1955 782 9 12 3 ( ) 0 0 13 7 ( ) 417 15 1960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 27 7 ( ) 637 45 1965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 28 7 ( ) 946 92 1970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 67 7 ( ) 1,528 108 1971 1,681 20 153 180 32 70 59 7 ( ) 1,583 124 1972 2,216 25 182 194 43 89 68 7 ( ) 1,742 125 1973 3,244 23 392 212 71 132 134 7 ( ) 1,853 137 1974 3,477 31 289 163 59 123 204 7 ( ) 1,587 121 1975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 184 7 ( ) 1,223 36 1976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 131 7 ( ) 1,413 32 1977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 217 7 ( ) 1,359 31 1978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 190 7 ( ) 1,355 27 1979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 181 7 ( ) 1,151 59 1980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 140 7 ( ) 939 55 1981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 1982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 1983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 1984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 1985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 1986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 1987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 1988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 1989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 1990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 1991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 1992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 1993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 1994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 1995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 1996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 1997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 1998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 1999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 2000 9,071 28 295 162 161 215 427 223 352 274 2001 9,328 26 344 148 140 206 454 298 295 378 2002 9,140 27 267 107 145 183 498 311 249 410 2003 9,665 12 333 109 168 225 518 367 327 335 2004 10,088 43 325 127 209 263 496 451 426 490 2005 10,126 43 329 190 233 328 603 510 530 582 2006 10,118 50 365 186 228 332 475 669 350 689 2007 R10,031 R40 R304 217 R182 R247 R413 R753 R372 R717 2008P 9,756 22 211 102 182 246 304 788 348 763 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 3 Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet

fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 4 Includes propylene. 5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blendingcomponents. 6 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemicalfeedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and

special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type 

7 Included in "Motor Gasoline."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes imports from U.S. possessions and ter

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, P• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2008 Selected Countries, 2008Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2008 Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2008134 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.4.

Total

Non-OPEC

OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

15

Million Barrels per Day

2.5

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.0

0

Canada Saudi Mexico Vene- Nigeria Ir

0.00.40.8

1.2

1.62.02.42.8

Million Barrels per Day

Saudi Arabia

Venezuela

Nigeria

Arabia

Iraq

zuela

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Im

Iraq Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Brazil Canada Mexico Russia 5

United

Kingdom

Total

Non-OPEC 4

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 22 6 ( ) 84 911 1,233 1 120 16 0 (s) 581 1961 346 25 6 ( ) 73 879 1,224 7 190 40 0 1 693 1962 272 2 6 ( ) 74 906 1,265 5 250 49 0 2 816 1963 303 1 6 ( ) 108 900 1,282 6 265 48 0 3 840 1964 315 0 6 ( ) 131 933 1,352 1 299 47 0 (s) 907 1965 345 16 6 ( ) 158 994 1,439 0 323 48 0 (s) 1,029 1966 306 26 6 ( ) 147 1,018 1,444 0 384 45 0 6 1,129 1967 198 5 6 ( ) 92 938 1,247 2 450 49 0 11 1,290 1968 202 0 6 ( ) 74 886 1,287 (s) 506 45 0 28 1,553 1969 179 0 6 ( ) 65 875 1,286 0 608 43 2 20 1,879 1970 121 0 6 ( ) 30 989 1,294 2 766 42 3 11 2,126 1971 299 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 3 857 27 0 10 2,253 1972 471 4 251 190 959 2,046 5 1,108 21 8 9 2,695 41973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 9 1,325 16 26 15 3,263 1974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,256 2 1,070 8 20 8 2,856 1975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 5 846 71 14 14 2,454 1976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 0 599 87 11 31 2,247 1977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 0 517 179 12 126 2,614 1978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 0 467 318 8 180 2,612 1979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 1 538 439 1 202 2,819 1980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 3 455 533 1 176 2,609 1981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 23 447 522 5 375 2,672 1982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 47 482 685 1 456 2,968 1983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 41 547 826 1 382 3,189 1984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 60 630 748 13 402 3,388 1985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 61 770 816 8 310 3,237 1986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 50 807 699 18 350 3,387 1987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 84 848 655 11 352 3,617 1988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 98 999 747 29 315 3,882 1989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 82 931 767 48 215 3,921 1990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 49 934 755 45 189 3,721 1991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 22 1,033 807 29 138 3,535 1992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 20 1,069 830 18 230 3,796 1993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 33 1,181 919 55 350 4,347 1994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 31 1,272 984 30 458 4,749 1995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 8 1,332 1,068 25 383 4,833 1996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 9 1,424 1,244 25 308 5,267 1997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 5 1,563 1,385 13 226 5,593 11998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 26 1,598 1,351 24 250 5,803 11999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 26 1,539 1,324 89 365 5,899 12000 2,488 620 896 1,572 1,546 5,203 51 1,807 1,373 72 366 6,257 12001 2,761 795 885 1,662 1,553 5,528 82 1,828 1,440 90 324 6,343 12002 2,269 459 621 1,552 1,398 4,605 116 1,971 1,547 210 478 6,925 12003 2,501 481 867 1,774 1,376 5,162 108 2,072 1,623 254 440 7,103 12004 2,493 656 1,140 1,558 1,554 5,701 104 2,138 1,665 298 380 7,444 12005 2,334 531 1,166 1,537 1,529 5,587 156 2,181 1,662 410 396 8,127 12006 2,211 553 1,114 1,463 1,419 5,517 193 2,353 1,705 369 272 8,190 12007 R2,163 R484 R1,134 R1,485 R1,361 R5,980 R200 R2,455 R1,532 R414 R277 R7,489 R12008P 2,373 627 990 1,532 1,191 5,958 258 2,459 1,299 463 233 6,914 1

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports

from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Indonesia and Libya; beginning in 1967, also includes United Arab Emirates; beginningin 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for 1973-1992, also includesEcuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "TotalNon-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See

"U.S.S.R." in Glossary.

6 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is inc

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum produc

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. Forefineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Mimports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdminisDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-200reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type

Total, 1949-2008 By Selected Product, 1949-2008By Product, 2008136 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.

2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,

pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.5.

Total

Products

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Barrels per Day 

Residual Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil Coke Fuel Oil Gasoline Nap

527

395

355

172

67 61 60

Distillate Petroleum Residual Motor LPG1 Jet Fuel Lubricants Sp

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1

Petroleum Products

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 4

Petroleum

Coke

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Residual

Fuel Oil

Special

Naphthas

Propane 

3 Total

1949 91 34 2 ( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 1950 95 35 2 ( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 1955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 1960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 1965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 1970 14 2 6 6 27 44 1 84 10 54 4 1971 1 8 4 13 26 43 1 74 14 36 4 1972 1 3 3 18 31 41 1 85 13 33 4 1973 2 9 4 15 27 35 4 96 19 23 5 1974 3 2 3 14 25 33 2 113 15 14 4 1975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 1976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 1977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 1978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 1979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 1980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 1981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 1982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 1983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 1984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 1985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 1986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 1987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 1988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 1989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 1990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 1991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 1992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 1993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 1994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 1995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 1996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 1997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 1998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 1999 118 162 32 33 50 28 111 242 0 129 16 2000 50 173 32 53 74 26 144 319 0 139 20 2001 20 119 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 191 23 2002 9 112 15 55 67 33 124 337 0 177 15 2003 12 107 20 37 56 37 125 361 0 197 22 2004 27 110 40 28 43 41 124 350 0 205 27 2005 32 138 53 37 53 40 136 347 0 251 21 2006 25 215 41 45 56 55 142 366 0 283 14 2007 27 R268 41 42 57 R59 127 366 0 R330 18 2008P 29 527 61 53 67 60 172 395 0 355 13 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,

kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "OtherProducts." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."

3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline. 5 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other

hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-typejet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-typejet fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes exports to U.S. possessions and terri

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, P• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2008 By Selected Country, 1960-2008By Selected Country, 2008138 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 5.6.

Total Exports

Japan

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day Exports to

Canada and Mexico

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day Canada 

and

Luxembo

350

264

131

58 56 55

41

28 19 18 

Mexico Canada Netherlands Japan Brazil Spain Italy France South Belgium 

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day

Korea 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Brazil Canada France Italy Japan Mexico

Netherlands South Korea Spain United Kingdom

I

P

1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1961 4 4 23 4 5 59 12 4 NA NA 10 1962 3 5 21 3 5 54 14 5 NA NA 8 1963 9 4 22 4 8 58 19 13 NA NA 11 1964 4 4 27 4 8 56 24 9 NA NA 10 1965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 1967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 1968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 1969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 1970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 1971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 1972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 1973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 1974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 1975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 1976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 1977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 1978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 1979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 1980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 1981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 1982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 1983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 1984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 1985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 1986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 1987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 1988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 1989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 1990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 1991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 1992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 1993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 1994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 1995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 1996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 1997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 1998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 1999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 2000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 2001 16 23 112 13 33 62 274 45 14 51 13 2002 19 26 106 12 29 74 254 23 11 54 12 2003 13 27 141 9 39 69 228 15 10 39 6 2004 20 27 158 18 32 63 209 36 12 42 14 2005 21 39 181 14 28 56 268 25 16 35 21 2006 23 42 159 13 39 58 255 83 21 42 28 2007 R13 46 R189 24 34 54 R279 R81 R16 48 R9 2008P 18 56 264 28 41 58 350 131 19 55 17 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, P• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2008

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC By Selected CountryTotal Net Imports as Share of Consumption Net Imports From OPEC140 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.7.

OPEC

NonOPEC

Saudi Arabia

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

1

2

34

Million Barrels per Day Venezuela

Total

Share of

Total Net Imports

Share of

Consumption

2008: 56.9% 

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Percent

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

255075

100

Percent

1985: 27.3%

1973: 34.8%
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2008

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Total

Net

Imports

Tota

Impo

Shar

Consum

Algeria Nigeria

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Mexico

United

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands and

Puerto Rico

Total

Non-OPEC 4

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 84 910 1,232 86 -2 -12 34 381 1,613 161965 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 158 994 1,438 297 21 -11 45 843 2,281 191970 NA 8 9 ( ) 30 989 1,294 736 9 -1 270 1,867 3,161 211971 NA 15 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 241972 NA 92 251 189 959 2,044 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,475 4,519 271973 NA 136 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 341974 NA 190 713 461 978 3,254 1,038 -27 1 475 2,638 5,892 351975 NA 282 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 351976 NA 432 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 401977 NA 559 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 461978 NA 649 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 421979 NA 636 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 431980 NA 488 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 371981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 331982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 281983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 281984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 301985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 271986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 331987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 351988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 381989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 411990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 421991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 391992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 401993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 441994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 451995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 441996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 461997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 491998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 511999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 502000 2,483 225 896 1,571 1,530 5,181 1,697 1,015 356 297 5,238 10,419 522001 2,758 278 884 1,662 1,540 5,510 1,717 1,166 311 268 5,390 10,900 552002 2,265 264 620 1,551 1,387 4,589 1,864 1,292 467 224 5,958 10,546 532003 2,497 381 866 1,774 1,364 5,144 1,932 1,395 434 279 6,094 11,238 562004 2,489 452 1,139 1,557 1,548 5,688 1,980 1,456 366 321 6,409 12,097 582005 2,330 478 1,165 1,536 1,515 5,567 2,001 1,394 375 317 6,982 12,549 602006 2,208 657 1,111 1,462 1,392 5,480 2,194 1,450 244 318 6,910 12,390 592007 R2,159 663 R1,133 R1,483 R1,339 5,946 R2,266 R1,254 R268 336 R6,090 R12,036 582008P 2,371 547 983 1,531 1,164 5,903 2,195 949 216 307 5,138 11,041 56

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone

(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). 3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes importsfrom the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Indonesia and Libya; beginning in 1967, also includes United Arab Emirates; beginningin 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for 1973-1992, also includesEcuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "TotalNon-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."

5 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied

(consumption). 6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports. 7 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum product

supplied (consumption). 8 Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960-1968, Algeria is inc

9 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is inc

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum product

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Midimports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Tdue to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Year

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2008

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs Refinery and Blender Net Production of Select142 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See Table 5.8, footnote 4. Source: Table 5.8.

Re

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

Motor 

J

Distill

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

 and Other Liquids1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs 1 Refinery and Blender Net Production 2

Crude

Oil 3

Natural Gas

Plant

Liquids

Other

Liquids 4 Total

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 6

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

Still

Gas

1949 5,327 234 28 5,588 155 934 5 ( ) 64 2,572 46 1,164 226 1950 5,739 259 19 6,018 179 1,093 5 ( ) 80 2,735 47 1,165 229 1955 7,480 345 32 7,857 251 1,651 155 119 3,648 78 1,152 319 1960 8,067 455 61 8,583 286 1,823 241 212 4,126 164 908 354 1965 9,043 618 88 9,750 357 2,096 523 293 4,507 236 736 395 1970 10,870 763 121 11,754 428 2,454 827 345 5,699 296 706 483 1971 11,199 781 136 12,116 454 2,495 835 357 5,970 299 753 474 1972 11,696 826 168 12,691 446 2,630 847 356 6,281 327 799 507 1973 12,431 815 155 13,401 480 2,820 859 375 6,527 362 971 518 1974 12,133 746 138 13,018 470 2,668 836 338 6,358 339 1,070 521 1975 12,442 710 72 13,225 408 2,653 871 311 6,518 354 1,235 523 1976 13,416 725 59 14,200 391 2,924 918 340 6,838 356 1,377 541 1977 14,602 673 74 15,349 431 3,277 973 352 7,031 369 1,754 572 1978 14,739 639 92 15,470 482 3,167 970 355 7,167 369 1,667 603 1979 14,648 510 78 15,236 467 3,152 1,012 340 6,837 376 1,687 598 1980 13,481 462 81 14,025 393 2,661 999 330 6,492 370 1,580 581 1981 12,470 524 488 13,482 340 2,613 968 315 6,400 390 1,321 565 1982 11,774 515 572 12,861 329 2,606 978 270 6,336 410 1,070 554 1983 11,685 460 505 12,650 372 2,456 1,022 328 6,338 420 852 550 1984 12,044 500 581 13,126 386 2,680 1,132 363 6,453 439 891 559 1985 12,002 509 681 13,192 401 2,686 1,189 391 6,419 455 882 584 1986 12,716 479 711 13,906 410 2,796 1,293 417 6,752 506 889 641 1987 12,854 466 667 13,987 434 2,729 1,343 449 6,841 512 885 643 1988 13,246 511 610 14,367 443 2,857 1,370 499 6,956 544 926 670 1989 13,401 499 613 14,513 424 2,899 1,403 554 6,963 542 954 681 1990 13,409 467 713 14,589 449 2,925 1,488 499 6,959 552 950 673 1991 13,301 472 768 14,541 430 2,962 1,438 536 6,975 568 934 651 1992 13,411 469 745 14,626 419 2,974 1,399 607 7,058 596 892 659 1993 13,613 491 917 15,021 451 3,132 1,422 592 7,304 619 835 653 1994 13,866 465 691 15,023 451 3,205 1,448 611 7,181 622 826 657 1995 13,973 471 775 15,220 467 3,155 1,416 654 7,459 630 788 647 1996 14,195 450 843 15,487 459 3,316 1,515 662 7,565 664 726 654 1997 14,662 416 832 15,909 485 3,392 1,554 691 7,743 689 708 661 1998 14,889 403 853 16,144 498 3,424 1,526 674 7,892 712 762 656 1999 14,804 372 927 16,103 505 3,399 1,565 684 7,934 713 698 656 2000 15,067 380 849 16,295 525 3,580 1,606 705 7,951 727 696 659 2001 15,128 429 825 16,382 485 3,695 1,530 667 8,022 767 721 670 2002 14,947 429 941 16,316 492 3,592 1,514 671 8,183 781 601 667 2003 15,304 419 791 16,513 496 3,707 1,488 658 8,194 798 660 702 2004 15,475 422 866 16,762 508 3,814 1,547 645 8,265 836 655 704 2005 15,220 441 1,149 16,811 512 3,954 1,546 573 8,318 835 628 684 2006 15,242 501 1,238 16,981 506 4,040 1,481 627 8,364 848 635 709 2007 R15,156 R505 R1,337 R16,999 R456 R4,133 1,448 R655 R8,358 R823 R673 R697 2008P 14,645 487 1,873 17,006 412 4,288 1,474 628 8,395 816 621 669 

1 See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary. 2 See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation

and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net). SeeNote 2, "Adjustment to Total Petroleum Products Supplied," at end of section.

5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

7 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, an

also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, alsnaphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fue

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, P• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2008

Number of Operable Refineries UtilizationCapacity144 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Operable refineries capacity on January 1. Source: Table 5.9.

324 in 1981

68.6% in 198

150 in 2008

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400

Total Units

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Capacity1

Unused

Capacity

Gross Input to Distillation Units
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Operable

Refineries 1

Operable Refineries Capacity

Gross Input

to Distillation Units 3 

On January 1 Annual Average 2 

Number Thousand Barrels per Day Thousand Barrels per Day 

1949 336 6,231 NA 5,556 1950 320 6,223 NA 5,980 1955 296 8,386 NA 7,820 1960 309 9,843 NA 8,439 1965 293 10,420 NA 9,557 1970 276 12,021 NA 11,517 1971 272 12,860 NA 11,881 1972 274 13,292 NA 12,431 1973 268 13,642 NA 13,151 1974 273 14,362 NA 12,689 1975 279 14,961 NA 12,902 1976 276 15,237 NA 13,884 1977 282 16,398 NA 14,982 1978 296 17,048 NA 15,071 1979 308 17,441 NA 14,955 1980 319 17,988 NA 13,796 1981 324 18,621 18,603 12,752 1982 301 17,890 17,432 12,172 1983 258 16,859 16,668 11,947 1984 247 16,137 16,035 12,216 1985 223 15,659 15,671 12,165 1986 216 15,459 15,459 12,826 1987 219 15,566 15,642 13,003 1988 213 15,915 15,927 13,447 1989 204 15,655 15,701 13,551 1990 205 15,572 15,623 13,610 1991 202 15,676 15,707 13,508 1992 199 15,696 15,460 13,600 1993 187 15,121 15,143 13,851 1994 179 15,034 15,150 14,032 1995 175 15,434 15,346 14,119 1996 170 15,333 15,239 14,337 1997 164 15,452 15,594 14,838 1998 163 15,711 15,802 15,113 1999 159 16,261 16,282 15,080 2000 158 16,512 16,525 15,299 2001 155 16,595 16,582 15,352 2002 153 16,785 16,744 15,180 2003 149 16,757 16,748 15,508 2004 149 16,894 16,974 15,783 2005 148 17,125 17,196 15,578 2006 149 17,339 17,385 15,602 2007 149 17,443 R17,450 R15,450 2008P 150 17,594 17,606 15,027 

1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all

"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary. 2 Weighted average of monthly capacity data. 3 See Note 4, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section. 4 Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sumof the current year’s January 1 capacity and the following year’s January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: Operable Refineries and Operable Refineries Capacity: • 1949-1961—Bureau of Mines

Information Circular, "Petroleum Refineries, Including Cr

• 1962-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pet• 1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy United States. • 1982-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply AnnuaCapacity Report (June 2008), Table 1. Gross Input to DistMines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude Pe

• 1967-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pet

• 1978-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refinerie• 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (January-December 2008 issues). Utilization: • 1949-1980—Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2008—Calculated.
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2008 By Product, 2008By Selected Product, 1949-2008146 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Source: Table 5.10.

LPG2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

NGPL1

702

512

261

Ethane Propane Pentanes 

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day

Plus 

Is

Norm

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day Penta
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Finished

Petroleum

Products 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Pe

P

Ethane 

2 Isobutane

Normal

Butane 3 Propane 2,3 Total

1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 1950 66 12 13 69 101 195 1955 68 34 30 120 205 390 1960 47 51 45 161 291 549 1965 41 92 67 185 390 734 1970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 1971 25 221 88 249 586 1,144 1972 21 275 92 249 600 1,215 1973 16 296 92 249 587 1,225 1974 7 323 92 244 569 1,227 1975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 1976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 1977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 1978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 1979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 1980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 1981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 1982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 1983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 1984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 1985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 1986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 1987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 1988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 1989 NA 466 149 151 471 1,237 1990 NA 477 151 149 474 1,250 1991 NA 530 169 150 487 1,336 1992 NA 541 189 137 499 1,365 1993 NA 556 192 142 513 1,402 1994 NA 559 195 136 510 1,400 1995 NA 573 185 151 519 1,428 1996 NA 627 192 150 525 1,494 1997 NA 637 191 144 528 1,499 1998 NA 607 181 148 513 1,450 1999 NA 675 187 155 529 1,547 2000 NA 717 188 160 539 1,605 2001 NA 692 198 133 538 1,562 2002 NA 700 201 131 549 1,581 2003 NA 625 183 129 506 1,444 2004 NA 686 168 152 526 1,532 2005 NA 649 168 134 499 1,451 2006 NA 676 163 136 501 1,476 2007 NA R709 176 R128 R507 R1,520 2008P NA 702 173 134 512 1,520 

1 Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products. 2 Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30

percent propane.

3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40

percent propane.

4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant

condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, MineraAnnual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information APetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

By Selected Product, 1949-2008By Product, 2008 Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Pro

1949-2008

148 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous products, and crude oil burned as fuel.

Source: 5.11.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

Residual Fuel Oil

L

Jet Fuel

9.0

3.9

1.9

1.5

0.6 0.4

2.0

Motor Distillate LPG1 Jet Residual Petroleum Other2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

Fuel Oil Fuel Fuel Oil Coke
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil O

Propane 2 Total 

1949 157 93 902 1 ( ) 281 NA 187 91 2,410 40 1,359 1950 180 108 1,082 1 ( ) 323 NA 234 106 2,616 41 1,517 1955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 3,463 67 1,526 1960 302 161 1,872 371 271 NA 621 117 3,969 149 1,529 1965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 1970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 1971 458 49 2,661 1,010 249 794 1,251 135 6,014 219 2,296 1972 468 46 2,913 1,045 235 893 1,420 144 6,376 241 2,529 1973 522 45 3,092 1,059 216 872 1,449 162 6,674 261 2,822 1974 481 44 2,948 993 176 830 1,406 155 6,537 239 2,639 1975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 1983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 2000 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 2001 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 2002 512 18 3,776 1,614 43 1,248 2,163 151 8,848 463 700 2003 503 16 3,927 1,578 55 1,215 2,074 140 8,935 455 772 2004 537 17 4,058 1,630 64 1,276 2,132 141 9,105 524 865 2005 546 19 4,118 1,679 70 1,229 2,030 141 9,159 515 920 2006 521 18 4,169 1,633 54 1,215 2,052 137 9,253 522 689 2007 R494 17 R4,196 R1,622 R32 R1,235 R2,085 R142 R9,286 490 R723 R2008P 417 15 3,938 1,518 31 1,151 1,944 130 8,964 445 620 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. 5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not a

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approxim

synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Table"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes Affecting PetroStatistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, P• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Sof Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2008 1949-2008By Product, 2008 By Selected Product, 1949-2008150 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude burned as fuel.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.

38%

 in 2008

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

204060

Percent

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Peak

48% in 1977

46% in 1973

Motor G

Motor Gasoline

Distilla

Total Petroleum

Fuel Oil

37% in 1949

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

17.1

8.4

3.2 2.6

1.4 1.0

4.3

Motor Distillate Jet LPG1 Residual Asphalt Other2

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Gasoline Fuel Fuel Oil and

Road Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 

Propane 

2 Total

1949 380 172 1,918 1 ( ) 582 NA 274 201 4,621 87 3,118 1950 435 199 2,300 1 ( ) 668 NA 343 236 5,015 90 3,482 1955 615 354 3,385 301 662 NA 592 258 6,640 147 3,502 1960 734 298 3,992 739 563 NA 912 259 7,631 328 3,517 1965 890 222 4,519 1,215 553 NA 1,232 286 8,806 444 3,691 1970 1,082 100 5,401 1,973 544 1,086 1,689 301 11,091 465 5,057 1971 1,108 90 5,658 2,061 515 1,111 1,723 299 11,532 481 5,269 1972 1,137 85 6,210 2,141 487 1,254 1,955 320 12,259 532 5,820 1973 1,264 83 6,575 2,167 447 1,221 1,981 359 12,797 573 6,477 1974 1,165 82 6,267 2,030 365 1,163 1,914 344 12,535 524 6,056 1975 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649 1976 998 67 6,679 2,026 351 1,166 1,907 338 13,415 537 6,445 1977 1,056 70 7,126 2,126 363 1,150 1,908 354 13,760 589 7,047 1978 1,160 71 7,296 2,164 363 1,089 1,892 380 14,211 562 6,936 1979 1,153 70 7,039 2,204 389 1,189 2,138 397 13,487 541 6,485 1980 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772 1981 828 56 6,014 2,062 263 1,082 1,949 339 12,631 553 4,791 1982 829 47 5,679 2,072 266 1,117 1,978 309 12,538 545 3,939 1983 904 48 5,720 2,141 263 1,051 1,990 324 12,697 503 3,260 1984 992 44 6,065 2,414 239 1,170 2,071 346 12,867 545 3,151 1985 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759 1986 1,086 59 6,196 2,682 203 1,163 2,009 315 13,487 590 3,255 1987 1,130 46 6,328 2,843 196 1,294 2,153 356 13,816 657 2,901 1988 1,136 49 6,655 2,982 200 1,296 2,213 343 14,105 687 3,170 1989 1,096 48 6,712 3,059 174 1,387 2,243 352 14,050 676 3,144 1990 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820 1991 1,077 42 6,210 3,025 96 1,374 2,227 324 13,781 722 2,657 1992 1,102 41 6,351 3,001 86 1,449 2,328 330 13,973 843 2,518 1993 1,149 38 6,466 3,028 103 1,409 2,282 337 14,335 804 2,479 1994 1,173 38 6,723 3,154 101 1,515 2,494 352 14,511 793 2,342 1995 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955 1996 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952 1997 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 1998 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 1999 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905 2000 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091 2001 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 2002 1,240 34 8,028 3,340 90 1,747 2,852 334 16,819 1,018 1,605 2003 1,220 30 8,349 3,265 113 1,701 2,747 309 16,981 1,000 1,772 2004 1,304 31 8,652 3,383 133 1,791 2,824 313 17,379 1,156 1,990 2005 1,323 35 8,755 3,475 144 1,721 2,682 312 17,444 1,133 2,111 2006 1,261 33 8,864 3,379 111 1,701 2,701 303 17,622 1,148 1,581 2007 R1,197 32 R8,921 3,358 R67 R1,729 R2,733 R313 R17,689 R1,077 R1,659 2008P 1,012 28 8,396 3,150 64 1,616 2,559 289 17,120 981 1,426 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes

crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes napht

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not a

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approxim

synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Table"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes Affecting PetroStatistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2008By Sector, 2008 Sectors Shares, 1949 and 2008152 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13b.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day Transportation

Residential and Commercial1

Industrial1

0.7 0.3

4.6

13.7

0.2

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

4 2

24

10

6

28

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

1949 2008

Power2 
Figure 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13a. Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Asphalt and Road O

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day Motor Gasoline Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum
154 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected 

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

R

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 

1949 329 140 90 559 4 ( ) 104 104 19 16 48 NA 4 ( ) 1950 390 168 112 670 4 ( ) 123 123 23 20 52 NA 4 ( ) 1955 562 179 155 896 4 ( ) 177 177 24 27 69 NA 4 ( ) 1960 736 171 234 1,140 4 ( ) 232 232 23 41 35 NA 4 ( ) 1965 805 161 296 1,263 4 ( ) 251 251 26 52 40 NA 4 ( ) 1970 883 144 420 1,447 4 ( ) 276 276 30 74 45 NA 4 ( ) 1971 892 143 425 1,460 4 ( ) 280 280 27 75 44 NA 4 ( ) 1972 936 131 456 1,523 4 ( ) 296 296 27 81 45 NA 4 ( ) 1973 942 110 435 1,487 4 ( ) 303 303 31 77 45 NA 4 ( ) 1974 867 89 401 1,357 4 ( ) 280 280 26 71 43 NA 4 ( ) 1975 850 78 389 1,316 4 ( ) 276 276 24 69 46 NA 4 ( ) 1976 932 89 404 1,425 4 ( ) 308 308 21 71 50 NA 4 ( ) 1977 938 81 397 1,416 4 ( ) 318 318 25 70 52 NA 4 ( ) 1978 917 74 386 1,377 4 ( ) 313 313 26 68 56 NA 4 ( ) 1979 765 64 264 1,093 4 ( ) 274 274 38 47 54 NA 4 ( ) 1980 617 51 242 R910 4 ( ) 243 243 20 43 56 NA 4 ( ) 1981 540 41 234 815 4 ( ) 215 215 34 41 48 NA 4 ( ) 1982 494 46 224 764 4 ( ) 207 207 15 40 46 NA 4 ( ) 1983 435 41 267 743 4 ( ) 306 306 54 47 53 NA 4 ( ) 1984 512 R77 220 R809 4 ( ) 345 345 R17 39 56 NA 4 ( ) 1985 514 77 249 839 4 ( ) 297 297 16 44 50 NA 4 ( ) 1986 523 59 243 825 4 ( ) 293 293 24 43 55 NA 4 ( ) 1987 544 57 269 870 4 ( ) 286 286 24 48 58 NA 4 ( ) 1988 558 69 267 894 4 ( ) 281 281 13 47 57 NA 4 ( ) 1989 546 57 299 901 3 267 270 13 53 53 0 2 1990 460 31 276 767 3 249 252 6 49 58 0 3 1991 438 35 295 768 2 241 243 6 52 44 0 2 1992 460 31 288 779 1 236 238 5 51 41 (s) 2 1993 458 37 303 797 2 230 232 7 53 15 (s) 2 1994 451 31 298 781 3 233 236 9 53 13 (s) 2 1995 426 36 306 767 2 223 225 11 54 10 (s) 1 1996 434 43 358 835 2 225 227 10 63 14 (s) 1 1997 411 45 349 805 3 206 209 12 62 22 (s) 1 1998 363 52 329 744 2 199 202 15 58 20 (s) 3 1999 389 54 404 847 2 204 206 13 71 15 (s) 2 2000 424 46 427 897 2 228 230 14 75 23 (s) 2 2001 427 46 406 879 3 236 239 15 72 20 (s) 2 2002 404 29 412 845 2 207 209 8 73 24 (s) 1 2003 425 34 426 885 2 225 226 9 75 32 (s) 2 2004 433 41 401 875 3 218 221 10 71 25 (s) 2 2005 402 40 391 833 2 208 210 10 69 24 (s) 2 2006 335 32 R345 R712 1 188 189 7 R61 R26 (s) 1 2007 R342 R21 R367 R730 1 R180 R181 4 R65 R32 (s) 1 2008P 321 21 342 684 1 169 170 4 60 31 (s) (s) 

1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table

5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with

the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14

Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/stat

Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Othe

Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, aAdministration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-2007—EIA, "State EnerU.S. Tables 8 and 9. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum Coke Residual Fue

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 

1949 157 5 ( ) 265 265 123 80 36 121 5 ( ) 40 40 5 ( ) 534 1950 180 5 ( ) 328 328 132 100 43 131 5 ( ) 41 41 5 ( ) 617 1955 254 5 ( ) 466 466 116 212 47 173 5 ( ) 67 67 5 ( ) 686 1960 302 5 ( ) 476 476 78 333 48 198 5 ( ) 149 149 5 ( ) 689 1965 368 5 ( ) 541 541 80 470 62 179 5 ( ) 202 202 5 ( ) 689 1970 447 5 ( ) 577 577 89 699 70 150 5 ( ) 203 203 5 ( ) 708 1971 458 5 ( ) 596 596 80 715 69 143 5 ( ) 211 211 5 ( ) 705 1972 468 5 ( ) 648 648 77 846 73 132 5 ( ) 233 233 5 ( ) 765 1973 522 5 ( ) 691 691 75 902 88 133 5 ( ) 254 254 5 ( ) 809 1974 481 5 ( ) 633 633 61 901 85 123 5 ( ) 230 230 5 ( ) 753 1975 419 5 ( ) 630 630 58 844 68 116 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 658 1976 411 5 ( ) 717 717 59 895 75 110 5 ( ) 242 242 5 ( ) 792 1977 436 5 ( ) 809 809 69 918 82 102 5 ( ) 266 266 5 ( ) 844 1978 479 5 ( ) 823 823 75 921 88 93 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 748 1979 476 5 ( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 84 5 ( ) 243 243 5 ( ) 721 1980 396 5 ( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 82 5 ( ) 234 234 5 ( ) 586 1981 342 5 ( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 83 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 471 1982 342 5 ( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 72 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 456 1983 373 5 ( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 59 5 ( ) 225 225 5 ( ) 345 1984 408 5 ( ) 564 564 R21 1,283 80 83 5 ( ) 244 244 5 ( ) 386 1985 425 5 ( ) 526 526 21 1,285 75 114 5 ( ) 261 261 5 ( ) 326 1986 448 5 ( ) 546 546 16 1,207 73 108 5 ( ) 264 264 5 ( ) 321 1987 467 5 ( ) 537 537 14 1,279 83 107 5 ( ) 294 294 5 ( ) 253 1988 468 5 ( ) 530 530 14 1,326 80 100 5 ( ) 306 306 5 ( ) 237 1989 453 5 531 536 14 1,300 82 104 5 295 300 R57 121 1990 483 7 534 541 6 1,215 84 97 25 300 325 R63 R116 1991 444 12 495 507 5 1,326 75 101 22 293 315 55 91 1992 454 10 509 519 5 1,402 77 101 26 336 362 59 109 1993 474 10 515 525 6 1,363 78 94 22 308 330 65 129 1994 484 10 513 522 8 1,505 82 101 25 304 329 69 113 1995 486 6 526 532 7 1,527 80 105 26 302 328 60 87 1996 484 8 549 557 9 1,580 78 105 27 317 343 66 80 1997 505 8 558 566 9 1,617 82 111 37 294 331 56 71 1998 521 16 554 570 11 1,553 86 105 29 362 390 60 40 1999 547 16 542 558 6 1,709 87 80 31 395 426 52 38 2000 525 10 553 563 8 1,720 86 79 19 342 361 48 57 2001 519 9 602 611 11 1,557 79 155 15 375 390 46 42 2002 512 6 561 566 7 1,668 78 163 21 362 383 37 46 2003 503 10 525 534 12 1,561 72 171 17 358 375 38 58 2004 537 9 561 570 14 1,647 73 195 18 405 423 46 62 2005 546 11 583 594 19 1,549 72 187 14 390 404 46 77 2006 521 5 589 594 14 R1,627 71 R198 21 404 425 33 71 2007 R494 R4 R591 R595 R6 R1,637 R73 R161 R22 R390 R412 R30 R54 2008P 417 3 556 559 6 1,526 67 155 19 355 375 16 63 

1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 

See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

5 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see 

5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petrothe term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/stat

Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and Energy In• 1960-2007—EIA, "State Energy Data 2007: Consumption" (Mestimates.
156 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-20

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Transportation Sector

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 2

Kerosene Type Total 

1

1949 93 190 0 1 ( ) 1 54 2,241 1950 108 226 0 1 ( ) 2 64 2,433 1955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 1960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 1965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 1970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 1971 49 800 751 1,010 37 67 5,827 1972 46 910 779 1,021 38 71 6,199 1973 45 1,045 825 1,042 35 74 6,496 1974 44 1,036 757 979 33 71 6,372 1975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 1976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 1977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 1978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 1979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 1980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 1981 31 1,365 808 R1,006 24 74 6,456 1982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 1983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 1984 24 1,383 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 1985 27 1,491 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 1986 32 1,514 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 1987 25 1,568 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 1988 27 1,701 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 1989 26 1,734 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 1990 24 1,722 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 1991 23 1,694 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 1992 22 1,728 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 1993 21 1,785 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 1994 21 1,896 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 1995 21 1,973 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 1996 20 2,096 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 1997 22 2,198 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 1998 19 2,263 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,128 1999 21 2,352 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,336 2000 20 2,422 1,725 1,725 8 81 8,370 2001 19 2,489 1,656 1,655 10 74 8,435 2002 18 2,536 1,621 1,614 10 73 8,662 2003 16 2,665 1,578 1,578 12 68 8,733 2004 17 2,783 1,630 1,630 14 69 8,885 2005 19 2,858 1,679 1,679 20 68 8,948 2006 18 3,017 1,633 1,633 20 67 R9,029 2007 17 R3,037 R1,622 R1,622 R16 R69 R9,093 2008P 15 2,855 1,518 1,518 15 63 8,778 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 2 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table

5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with

the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14

Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/stat

Sources: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports, and Energy Information Administration (EIA) estData 2007: Consumption" (March 2009), U.S. Table 11. • 2008
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1

Electricity Only Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petrole

Coke

1949 13 NA 169 182 NA NA NA NA 13 NA 1950 15 NA 192 207 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1955 15 NA 191 206 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1960 10 NA 231 241 NA NA NA NA 10 NA 1965 14 NA 302 316 NA NA NA NA 14 NA 1970 66 9 853 928 NA NA NA NA 66 1971 94 8 992 1,095 NA NA NA NA 94 1972 146 9 1,203 1,358 NA NA NA NA 146 1973 129 7 1,406 1,542 NA NA NA NA 129 1974 146 9 1,324 1,478 NA NA NA NA 146 1975 107 1 1,280 1,388 NA NA NA NA 107 1976 114 1 1,405 1,520 NA NA NA NA 114 1977 134 1 1,575 1,710 NA NA NA NA 134 1978 130 5 1,612 1,747 NA NA NA NA 130 1979 84 4 1,350 1,437 NA NA NA NA 84 4 1980 79 2 1,069 1,151 NA NA NA NA 79 2 1981 58 2 904 964 NA NA NA NA 58 2 1982 42 2 642 686 NA NA NA NA 42 2 1983 45 4 627 676 NA NA NA NA 45 4 1984 42 3 517 562 NA NA NA NA 42 1985 40 3 435 478 NA NA NA NA 40 1986 39 4 592 636 NA NA NA NA 39 4 1987 42 5 504 551 NA NA NA NA 42 1988 51 6 627 683 NA NA NA NA 51 19894 70 7 663 740 2 0 6 8 72 1990 41 14 497 551 4 0 10 15 45 14 1991 38 13 469 520 1 0 4 5 39 11992 33 18 371 422 2 2 8 12 34 21993 37 21 409 467 4 15 9 27 41 31994 46 16 369 431 11 15 10 36 56 31995 44 15 237 296 7 22 9 38 51 31996 47 14 263 325 4 22 10 36 51 31997 48 23 301 373 4 23 10 37 52 41998 61 30 448 539 3 26 8 37 64 51999 63 26 409 497 3 25 9 38 66 52000 77 20 370 466 6 25 8 39 82 42001 76 25 430 531 4 22 7 33 80 42002 59 54 281 394 1 26 6 33 60 82003 71 66 373 510 5 14 6 24 76 72004 49 83 376 509 3 17 6 26 52 102005 51 94 376 521 3 17 6 26 54 112006 34 82 151 267 1 15 6 22 35 92007 R40 R65 R167 R272 2 13 6 R21 R42 R72008P 32 58 98 188 1 12 6 19 33 7

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants areincluded in "Electricity Only." 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see 

5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petrothe term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-of petroleum used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c fouseful thermal output. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supof section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2008

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products

Transportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

158 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants who

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil LPG2

Kerosene

Distillate Fuel Oil

Asphalt and

Road Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Quadrillion Btu

Motor Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Jet Fuel

Distillate Fuel Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Sele

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 1

Petroleum

Coke

1949 700 289 132 1,121 221 39 23 92 NA 1950 829 347 164 1,340 262 47 29 100 NA 1955 1,194 371 227 1,792 377 51 40 133 NA 1960 1,568 354 343 2,265 494 48 61 67 NA 1965 1,713 334 434 2,481 534 54 77 77 NA 1970 1,878 298 579 2,755 587 61 102 86 NA 1971 1,897 295 585 2,777 595 55 103 84 NA 1972 1,996 271 628 2,895 632 55 111 87 NA 1973 2,003 227 595 2,825 644 65 105 87 NA 1974 1,844 184 546 2,573 596 55 96 83 NA 1975 1,807 161 528 2,495 587 49 93 89 NA 1976 1,987 184 549 2,720 656 44 97 97 NA 1977 1,994 167 533 2,695 676 52 94 101 NA 1978 1,951 153 516 2,620 666 55 91 107 NA 1979 1,626 133 355 2,114 584 78 63 104 NA 1980 1,316 107 325 1,748 518 41 57 107 NA 1981 1,147 85 311 1,543 457 69 55 92 NA 1982 1,050 95 296 1,441 440 30 52 88 NA 1983 924 85 352 1,362 651 111 62 102 NA 1984 1,091 R160 290 R1,540 735 R36 51 107 NA 1985 1,092 159 327 1,578 631 33 58 96 NA 1986 1,111 121 323 1,556 623 50 57 106 NA 1987 1,156 119 360 1,634 607 49 63 111 NA 1988 1,190 144 356 1,690 600 26 63 110 NA 1989 1,160 117 402 1,679 574 28 71 102 0 1990 978 64 365 1,407 536 12 64 111 0 1991 930 72 389 1,392 517 12 69 85 0 1992 980 65 382 1,427 507 11 R67 80 (s) 1993 974 76 399 1,448 493 14 70 30 (s) 1994 960 65 395 1,420 501 19 70 25 (s) 1995 905 74 404 1,383 479 22 71 18 (s) 1996 926 89 473 1,488 483 21 84 27 (s) 1997 874 93 461 1,428 444 25 81 43 (s) 1998 772 108 434 1,314 429 31 77 39 (s) 1999 828 111 534 1,473 438 27 94 28 (s) 2000 905 95 564 1,563 491 30 99 45 (s) 2001 908 95 535 1,539 508 31 94 37 (s) 2002 860 60 543 1,463 444 16 96 45 (s) 2003 905 70 564 1,539 481 19 100 60 (s) 2004 924 85 531 1,539 470 20 94 49 (s) 2005 854 84 517 1,455 447 22 91 46 (s) 2006 712 66 R454 R1,233 401 15 R80 R49 (s) 2007 R726 R44 R481 R1,251 R384 9 R85 R61 (s) 2008P 684 43 451 1,178 362 9 80 59 (s) 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data

for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. Petroleum products supplied is an

approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous 

Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sed

Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
160 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-20

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 1 Petroleum Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

1949 380 564 254 117 80 231 87 1,225 1950 435 698 274 147 94 251 90 1,416 1955 615 991 241 310 103 332 147 1,573 1960 734 1,016 161 489 107 381 328 1,584 1965 890 1,150 165 688 137 342 444 1,582 1970 1,082 1,226 185 964 155 288 446 1,624 1971 1,108 1,266 165 984 152 275 463 1,618 1972 1,137 1,381 160 1,164 163 254 513 1,761 1973 1,264 1,469 156 1,233 195 255 558 1,858 1974 1,165 1,346 126 1,227 187 235 506 1,728 1975 1,014 1,339 119 1,144 149 223 540 1,509 1976 998 1,530 123 1,216 166 211 535 1,822 1977 1,056 1,719 143 1,232 182 196 586 1,937 1978 1,160 1,750 156 1,233 195 178 550 1,716 1979 1,153 1,764 177 1,700 204 162 533 1,655 1980 962 1,324 181 1,577 182 158 516 1,349 1981 828 1,389 108 1,551 175 160 549 1,081 1982 829 1,313 141 1,598 159 138 541 1,047 1983 904 1,142 66 1,537 167 112 495 791 1984 992 1,203 R43 1,691 178 160 538 889 1985 1,029 1,119 44 1,690 166 218 575 748 1986 1,086 1,160 32 1,603 162 206 581 736 1987 1,130 1,141 28 1,709 183 206 646 582 1988 1,136 1,130 30 1,772 177 193 675 546 1989 1,096 1,139 30 1,748 181 199 660 410 1990 1,170 1,150 12 1,608 186 185 714 411 1991 1,077 1,078 11 1,749 167 193 693 334 1992 1,102 1,107 10 1,860 170 194 798 387 1993 1,149 1,117 13 1,794 173 180 725 446 1994 1,173 1,111 17 1,997 181 192 723 419 1995 1,178 1,131 15 2,019 178 200 721 337 1996 1,176 1,187 18 2,089 173 200 757 335 1997 1,224 1,203 19 2,134 182 212 727 291 1998 1,263 1,211 22 2,048 191 199 858 230 1999 1,324 1,187 13 2,256 193 152 936 207 2000 1,276 1,200 16 2,271 190 150 796 241 2001 1,257 1,300 23 2,054 174 295 858 203 2002 1,240 1,204 14 2,200 172 309 842 190 2003 1,220 1,136 24 2,068 159 324 825 220 2004 1,304 1,214 28 2,181 161 372 934 249 2005 1,323 1,264 39 2,047 160 356 889 281 2006 1,261 1,263 30 R2,140 156 R376 934 239 2007 R1,197 R1,265 R13 R2,146 R161 R306 R906 R193 2008P 1,012 1,192 13 2,009 148 296 826 182 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 2 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data

for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5

approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sed

Sources: Tables 5.13b, A1, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sector

 Selected Years, 1949-2008 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Transportation Sector E

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Pe

Kerosene Type Total 

2

1949 172 405 0 0 2 120 4,298 1,156 6,152 28 1950 199 480 0 0 3 141 4,664 1,201 6,690 32 1955 354 791 0 301 14 155 6,175 1,009 8,800 32 1960 298 892 188 739 20 152 7,183 844 10,126 22 1965 222 1,093 691 1,215 33 149 8,386 770 11,868 29 1970 100 1,569 1,486 1,973 44 147 10,716 761 15,310 141 1971 90 1,701 1,554 2,061 50 147 11,173 701 15,923 200 1972 85 1,941 1,617 2,091 52 158 11,918 645 16,891 310 1973 83 2,222 1,707 2,131 48 163 12,455 727 17,831 273 1974 82 2,202 1,566 2,001 44 156 12,217 697 17,399 309 1975 71 2,121 1,619 2,029 42 155 12,485 711 17,614 226 1976 67 2,288 1,613 2,002 45 172 13,107 824 18,506 243 1977 70 2,489 1,684 2,090 48 172 13,464 908 19,241 283 1978 71 2,679 1,750 2,138 52 184 13,927 990 20,041 276 1979 70 2,905 1,795 2,186 21 193 13,221 1,228 19,825 178 1980 64 2,795 1,754 2,179 17 172 12,383 1,398 R19,009 169 1981 56 2,901 1,671 2,058 32 165 12,379 1,219 18,811 124 1982 47 2,790 1,661 2,069 32 150 12,312 1,020 18,420 89 1983 48 2,905 1,736 2,141 38 157 12,482 821 18,593 96 1984 44 2,948 1,977 2,414 40 168 12,600 807 19,020 88 1985 50 3,170 2,079 2,497 28 156 12,784 786 19,471 85 1986 59 3,218 2,287 2,682 26 153 13,174 870 20,182 83 1987 46 3,335 2,444 2,843 21 173 13,499 900 20,816 90 1988 49 3,626 2,565 2,982 22 167 13,802 919 21,567 109 1989 48 3,687 2,658 3,059 22 171 13,749 971 21,706 152 1990 45 3,661 2,774 3,129 22 176 13,575 1,016 21,625 97 1991 42 3,601 2,681 3,025 20 157 13,503 1,026 21,373 84 1992 41 3,684 2,718 3,001 18 161 13,699 1,070 21,674 74 1993 38 3,796 2,809 3,028 19 163 14,126 901 22,072 86 1994 38 4,032 3,063 3,154 32 171 14,293 883 22,603 120 1995 40 4,195 3,099 3,132 17 168 14,607 911 23,069 108 1996 37 4,469 3,268 3,274 15 163 14,837 851 23,647 109 1997 40 4,672 3,307 3,308 13 172 14,999 712 23,917 111 1998 35 4,812 3,359 3,357 17 180 15,463 674 24,537 136 1999 39 5,001 3,466 3,462 13 182 15,855 665 25,218 140 2000 36 5,165 3,580 3,580 11 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 2001 35 5,292 3,427 3,426 13 164 16,041 586 25,556 171 2002 34 5,392 3,354 3,340 13 162 16,465 677 26,084 127 2003 30 5,666 3,266 3,265 16 150 16,597 571 26,296 161 2004 31 5,932 3,382 3,383 18 152 16,959 740 27,214 111 2005 35 6,076 3,475 3,475 27 151 17,043 837 27,644 115 2006 33 6,414 3,379 3,379 R26 147 R17,197 906 R28,103 74 2007 32 R6,457 3,358 3,358 R21 R152 R17,321 R994 R28,334 R89 2008P 28 6,087 3,150 3,150 19 140 16,765 935 27,124 70 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

5 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam 

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates

consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petPetroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sed

Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007

Total by Fuel Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End UseResidual Fuel Oil by Major End Use Kerosene by Major End Use162 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 5.15.

On-Highway

Diesel

Commercial

Railroad

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

345

Million Barrels per Day

Residential

Distillate Fuel Oil

1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

Residual Fuel Oil

Vessel

 Bunkering

Industrial

Commercial

Commercial Industrial

Electric Power

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

150300450600750

Thousand Barrels per Day Residential

1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2007

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residential Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company Farm

Electric

Power 1 Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

On-Highway

Diesel Military

Off-

D

1984 534 360 166 55 208 42 192 115 1,093 46 1985 504 291 159 45 202 34 182 111 1,127 43 1986 528 296 175 41 218 38 186 127 1,169 47 1987 534 280 184 40 196 37 186 122 1,185 46 1988 554 279 167 41 206 47 201 130 1,304 54 1989 564 279 178 45 219 158 211 147 1,378 56 1990 475 260 169 49 222 50 203 135 1,393 46 1991 442 246 151 48 206 39 188 133 1,336 53 1992 474 245 150 43 228 35 206 144 1,391 42 1993 475 241 139 46 222 36 196 141 1,485 32 1994 472 246 148 44 213 43 205 143 1,594 40 1995 447 237 146 45 227 39 224 153 1,668 30 1996 450 234 149 48 234 43 224 162 1,754 30 1997 426 216 151 56 231 41 214 168 1,867 28 1998 380 211 161 51 222 55 207 169 1,967 23 1999 411 218 162 43 223 53 211 158 2,091 23 2000 444 241 152 45 225 66 214 147 2,155 20 2001 433 243 161 49 234 88 198 133 2,167 26 2002 416 215 156 50 223 49 212 136 2,238 23 2003 452 240 156 33 209 75 239 145 2,420 27 2004 432 220 151 31 207 54 198 139 2,415 23 2005 401 210 160 31 210 59 225 131 2,482 18 2006 325 183 161 42 213 43 232 124 2,552 21 2007 335 177 161 51 209 44 237 126 2,596 24 

Residual Fuel Oil Keros

Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company

Electric

Power 1

Vessel

Bunkering Military Other 2 Total Residential Commercial Industrial 

1984 100 228 81 454 298 6 26 1,194 77 17 8 1985 89 218 62 359 299 8 13 1,048 77 16 10 1986 130 263 52 610 384 E7 15 1,462 59 24 7 1987 3119 217 44 537 398 10 3 31,328 57 24 6 1988 3121 211 36 616 413 8 4 31,409 69 13 8 1989 3112 174 24 1632 469 6 2 31,419 57 13 8 1990 395 147 21 566 413 7 2 31,250 31 6 4 1991 93 126 20 461 442 8 1 1,150 35 6 3 1992 77 138 18 388 427 6 1 1,054 31 5 3 1993 67 155 17 394 345 5 (s) 983 37 7 4 1994 69 152 16 374 351 4 (s) 967 31 9 6 1995 60 129 14 213 384 3 (s) 804 36 11 6 1996 60 136 11 280 371 4 1 862 43 10 7 1997 52 124 10 300 327 3 (s) 816 45 12 7 1998 47 117 8 420 367 2 (s) 961 52 15 8 1999 42 111 8 326 381 2 (s) 869 54 13 4 2000 43 103 10 284 417 2 (s) 859 46 14 6 2001 42 114 9 368 353 1 (s) 888 46 15 9 2002 37 82 7 233 316 (s) (s) 676 29 8 5 2003 49 92 5 344 253 1 (s) 744 34 9 11 2004 51 100 3 306 305 2 (s) 767 41 10 13 2005 47 109 5 376 338 2 (s) 877 40 10 17 2006 31 95 4 163 375 1 (s) 670 32 7 13 2007 31 77 3 173 413 1 (s) 698 21 4 6 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other." 3 Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources." 

E = Annual estimate based on eleven months of data. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand

barrels per day. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1984—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 1

unpublished revision. • 1985-2002—EIA, Fuel Oil and Keroseunpublished revisions. • 2003 forward—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kero1-3.
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

Total, Crude Oil1, and Products, 1949-2008 Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve By Type, 2008164 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).2 Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR.

3 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending c

naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and misce

Note: Stocks are at end of year.Sources: Table 5.16.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels

Total

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels (Cumulative)

Crude Oil1

Products

1,026

213

146 113 83

38 3

Crude Oil1 Motor Gasoline Distillate Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Res

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Barrels

 Fuel Oil Fue

 NonSPR

 SPR2

Petroleum Gases Oils
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Million Barrels)

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Petroleum Products

SPR 1 Non-SPR 2,3 Total 3 

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

O

Pro

Propane 

6 Total

1949 0 253 253 75 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 1 110 60 66 1950 0 248 248 72 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 2 116 41 70 1955 0 266 266 111 3 9 ( ) 7 165 39 68 1960 0 240 240 138 7 9 ( ) 23 195 45 62 1965 0 220 220 155 19 9 ( ) 30 175 56 89 1970 0 276 276 195 28 9 ( ) 67 209 54 99 1971 0 260 260 191 28 9 ( ) 95 219 60 101 1972 0 246 246 154 25 9 ( ) 86 213 55 95 1973 0 242 242 196 29 65 99 209 53 99 1974 0 265 265 200 29 69 113 218 60 106 1975 0 271 271 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 1976 0 285 285 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 1977 7 340 348 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 1978 67 309 376 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 1979 91 339 430 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 1980 108 358 466 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 1981 230 363 594 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 1982 294 350 644 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 1983 379 344 723 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 1984 451 345 796 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 1985 493 321 814 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 1986 512 331 843 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 1987 541 349 890 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 1988 560 330 890 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 1989 580 341 921 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 1990 586 323 908 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 1991 569 325 893 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 1992 575 318 893 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 1993 587 335 922 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 1994 592 337 929 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 1995 592 303 895 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 1996 566 284 850 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 1997 563 305 868 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 1998 571 324 895 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 1999 567 284 852 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 2000 541 286 826 118 45 41 83 196 36 87 2001 550 312 862 145 42 66 121 210 41 88 2002 599 278 877 134 39 53 106 209 31 76 2003 638 269 907 137 39 50 94 207 38 76 2004 676 286 961 126 40 55 104 218 42 81 2005 685 324 1,008 136 42 57 109 208 37 86 2006 689 312 1,001 144 39 62 113 212 42 84 2007 697 286 983 134 39 52 R96 R218 39 R81 2008P 702 324 1,026 146 38 55 113 213 36 83 

1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include

non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.

2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR." 3 Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. 4 Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. 5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Includes propylene. 7 Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydroc

products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes 

9 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equ

rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2007—EIA, P• 2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR Crude Oil Imports for SPR1SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports2166 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all

petroleum.

Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.Source: Table 5.17.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

200400600800

Million Barrels

702 in 2008

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 5 4

0 1 0

8 

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

94 91

85

81 82

86 83

77

73 75

67

62 59 

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100125

Days

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100

Percent

68% in 2008

40% in 2008

Crude Oil

Total

Petroleum
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2008

 (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)

Year

Foreign Crude Oil Receipts Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals End-of-Year Stocks

Imported

by SPR

Imported

by Others 1,2 Purchases Exchanges 2 Sales Exchanges Quantity 3

Percent of

Crude Oil 4

Stocks

1977 7.54 0.00 60.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 1978 58.80 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 66.86 17.8 1979 24.43 .00 (s) .00 .00 .00 91.19 21.2 1980 16.07 .00 1.30 .00 .00 .00 107.80 23.1 1981 93.30 .00 28.79 .00 .00 .00 230.34 38.8 1982 60.19 .00 3.79 .00 .00 .00 293.83 45.7 1983 85.29 .00 .42 .00 .00 .00 379.09 52.4 1984 72.04 .00 .05 .00 .00 .00 450.51 56.6 1985 43.12 .00 .17 .00 .00 .00 493.32 60.6 1986 17.56 .00 1.21 .00 .00 .00 511.57 60.7 1987 26.52 .00 2.69 .00 .00 .00 540.65 60.8 1988 18.76 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 559.52 62.9 1989 20.35 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 579.86 62.9 1990 9.77 .00 .00 .00 3.91 .00 585.69 64.5 1991 .00 .00 .00 .00 17.22 .00 568.51 63.7 1992 3.59 .00 2.60 .00 .00 .00 574.72 64.4 1993 5.37 .00 6.96 .00 .00 .00 587.08 63.6 1994 4.49 .00 .11 .00 .00 .00 591.67 63.7 1995 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 591.64 66.1 1996 .00 .90 .00 .00 25.82 .90 565.82 66.6 1997 .00 .00 .00 .00 2.33 .00 563.43 64.9 1998 .00 7.98 .00 .00 .00 .00 571.41 63.8 1999 3.04 3.60 .00 1.42 .00 10.75 567.24 66.6 2000 3.01 1.50 .00 2.29 .00 733.35 540.68 65.4 2001 3.91 5.07 .58 .00 .00 .00 550.24 63.8 2002 5.77 35.59 .00 7.64 .00 .00 599.09 68.3 2003 .00 22.94 .00 16.40 .00 .00 638.39 70.4 2004 .00 34.24 .00 8.47 .00 5.44 675.60 70.3 2005 .00 18.88 .00 8.41 11.03 9.82 684.54 67.9 2006 .00 3.31 .00 2.44 .00 1.57 688.61 68.8 2007 .00 R2.70 .00 1.68 .00 .00 696.94 70.9 2008 .00 7.11 .00 3.20 .00 5.40 701.82 68.4 

1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities

for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of thecommercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.

2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received

approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crudeoil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the Department of Energyand exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrels deliveredto SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specification requirements ofSPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude Oil Receipts, Imported byOthers," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "Domestic Crude Oil Receipts,Exchanges."

3 Stocks do not include imported quantities in transit to SPR terminals, pipeline fill, and above-ground

storage.

4 Includes lease condensate stocks. 5 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum. 

Calculated prior to rounding. 6 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior 

7 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil s

bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well aHome Heating Oil Reserve.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels. Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petro

Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, Qua

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petroleum • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2009). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil EnergCalculated.
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Real1 and Nominal2 Prices, 1949-2008

Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2008

168 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.

Real1

Nominal2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100125

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

Nominal2 Prices

1980 1985 

0

100200300400500600100

Index: 1977=100

Real1 Pric

California

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Chained (2000) Dollars1 per Barrel

Real1 Prices

ANS3 Califo

California

ANS3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Alaska North Slope California Texas 

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 N

1949 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1950 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1955 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1973 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 36.29 314.71 7.92 18.53 8.58 20.07 1978 5.21 11.39 8.58 18.75 9.29 20.30 1979 10.57 21.33 12.78 25.79 12.65 25.53 1980 16.87 31.22 23.87 44.17 21.84 40.41 1981 23.23 39.29 26.80 45.33 35.06 59.30 1982 19.92 31.76 24.58 39.19 31.77 50.65 1983 17.69 27.13 22.61 34.67 29.35 45.01 1984 17.91 26.47 22.09 32.65 28.87 42.67 1985 16.98 24.36 22.14 31.76 26.80 38.44 1986 6.45 9.05 11.90 16.70 14.73 20.67 1987 10.83 14.80 13.92 19.02 17.55 23.98 1988 8.43 11.14 10.97 14.49 14.71 19.43 1989 12.00 15.28 14.06 17.90 17.81 22.67 1990 15.23 18.67 17.81 21.83 22.37 27.42 1991 11.57 13.70 13.72 16.25 19.04 22.55 1992 11.73 13.58 13.55 15.69 18.32 21.21 1993 10.84 12.27 12.11 13.70 16.19 18.32 1994 9.77 10.82 12.12 13.43 14.98 16.60 1995 11.12 12.07 14.00 15.20 16.38 17.78 1996 15.32 16.32 16.72 17.82 20.31 21.64 1997 14.84 15.55 15.78 16.54 18.66 19.56 1998 8.47 8.78 9.55 9.90 12.28 12.73 1999 12.46 12.73 14.08 14.39 17.29 17.67 2000 23.62 23.62 24.82 24.82 28.60 28.60 2001 18.18 17.75 20.11 19.64 23.41 22.86 2002 19.37 18.59 21.87 20.99 23.77 22.81 2003 23.78 22.35 26.43 24.84 29.13 27.38 2004 33.03 30.17 34.47 31.49 38.79 35.44 2005 47.05 R41.62 47.08 R41.65 52.61 R46.54 2006 56.86 R48.73 57.34 R49.14 61.31 R52.55 2007 63.69 R53.16 65.07 R54.31 R68.30 R57.00 2008P 90.10 73.60 90.47 73.90 96.86 79.12 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

3 Average for July through December only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 5, "Crude Oil

Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1974-January 1976—Federal Energy APetroleum Production Monthly Report." • February 1976-1977—Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." • 1978-1982—Energy Inform"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchaser’s Report." • 1983 forward2009), Table 18.
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

Total, 19731-2008 By Selected Country, 2008By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2008 By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2008170 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 1973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CouSource: Table 5.19.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

306090

120

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

106 104

97 97 94 

Nigeria Nor- Saudi United Colom- Ve

0

306090

120

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

Kingdom bia

Nigeria

Arabia zu

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100120

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

way

Venezuela

Saudi

Arabia

United

Kingdom Mexico

Canada
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008

 (Norminal Dollars 1 per Barrel)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Un

Kin

1973 5 5.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 5.33 W – – 1974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 11.48 W W – 1975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 12.84 – 12.61 12.80 1976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 13.36 – 12.64 13.74 1977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.13 – 13.82 14.93 141978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.41 – 13.56 14.68 141979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 20.22 – 20.77 22.55 21980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 31981 34.61 – 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 32.32 – 33.70 38.70 31982 34.94 – 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 27.15 – 28.63 34.70 341983 29.37 – 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 25.63 – 25.78 30.72 31984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 26.56 – 26.85 30.05 21985 25.50 – 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 25.71 – 25.63 28.32 21986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 141987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 11988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 11989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 11990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 21991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 21992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 21993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 11994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 11995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 11996 20.45 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 21997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 21998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 11999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 12000 26.77 26.28 30.04 26.58 26.05 27.29 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.13 22001 20.73 19.66 26.55 20.98 19.81 21.52 20.72 25.88 19.37 25.77 22002 24.13 23.04 26.45 24.77 21.93 23.83 22.98 25.28 22.09 26.60 22003 27.54 26.82 31.07 27.50 25.70 27.70 26.76 30.55 25.48 30.51 32004 36.53 35.89 40.95 37.11 33.79 36.84 34.51 39.03 32.25 39.92 32005 49.68 48.36 57.55 50.31 47.87 51.36 44.73 53.42 43.47 56.23 52006 58.92 57.64 68.26 59.19 57.37 61.21 53.90 62.13 53.76 64.39 62007 R69.83 R66.01 R78.01 R70.78 R66.13 R71.14 R60.38 R70.91 R62.31 R71.66 R72008P 95.70 87.14 106.07 97.06 91.06 96.98 90.57 93.82 86.45 104.13 9

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,

Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, alsoincludes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in"Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member ofOPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not includedin "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 5 Based on October, November, and December data only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data.

Notes: • Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only

products imported into the United States. • See "Crude Oil Laequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1973-September 1977—Federal Energy Adm

Pricing Report." • October 1977-December 1978—Energy FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • January 197"Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1982-June 1984—EIA, Transaction Report." • July 1984 forward—EIA, Petroleum Mand EIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition 
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2008 Totals, 2008By Selected Country, 2008172 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 

Source: Table 5.20.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

60

120180240300360

Billion Nominal Dollars1

$338 billion in 2008 338

192

Total OPEC No

0

60

120180240300360

Billion Nominal Dollars1

64.0

53.5

37.5 35.8 34.7

6.6 6.1

Canada Saudi Arabia Mexico Nigeria Venezuela Kuwait Colombia Unite

0

10203040506070

Billion Nominal Dollars1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2008

 (Billion Nominal Dollars 1

)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Un

Kin

1973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 1.9 W – 0.0 1974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 3.3 .0 W – 1975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 2.8 .0 .3 .1 1976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 1.8 – .4 .2 1977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 1.4 .0 .9 .3 1978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 .8 27.1 1.3 .0 1.6 .6 1979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 2.0 .0 3.3 .6 1980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 2.2 .0 5.9 1.9 1981 15.1 .0 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 1.9 .0 5.8 1.6 1982 8.4 – 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 2.1 .0 6.7 1.3 1983 4.3 – 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 2.6 .0 7.2 .7 1984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 3.3 .0 6.5 1.2 1985 2.3 – 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 4.4 .0 6.7 .3 1986 3.8 .1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 2.8 .3 2.8 .3 1987 6.0 .5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 3.8 .8 3.7 .5 1988 6.7 .4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 3.4 .6 3.1 .3 1989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 3.9 .9 4.3 .9 1990 13.5 .5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 4.8 1.1 4.9 .7 1991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 4.7 .9 4.4 .6 1992 10.5 .2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 5.0 .7 4.5 .9 1993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 5.0 .9 4.4 .9 1994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 5.3 .8 4.8 1.2 1995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 1996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 1997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 1998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 1999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 2000 23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 45.4 13.2 3.5 12.5 3.3 2001 20.2 1.7 8.2 12.3 9.3 38.1 10.3 2.5 9.9 2.6 2002 19.5 1.8 5.7 13.7 9.6 35.5 12.1 2.2 12.1 3.4 2003 24.4 2.0 9.4 17.3 11.1 46.3 15.1 1.8 14.6 2.0 2004 32.1 3.2 16.2 20.3 16.0 68.0 20.4 2.0 18.9 2.1 2005 40.0 4.0 22.6 26.5 21.7 90.3 26.7 3.0 24.7 2.4 2006 46.5 3.8 25.8 30.7 23.9 106.9 35.5 3.2 30.9 2.3 2007 R53.9 4.2 R30.9 R37.4 27.7 R139.9 R41.6 R3.6 32.0 1.5 R2008P 82.0 6.6 35.8 53.5 34.7 192.4 64.0 6.1 37.5 1.1 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,

Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, alsoincludes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table Ecuador is included in"Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member ofOPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not includedin "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Les

avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: • Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values 

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of component

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and 

• 1973-1975—U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minreports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (Ereports. • 1981-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual Monthly (February 2009).
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008

Summary Composite CostsDomestic Costs Imported Costs174 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

Source: Table 5.21.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100120

Nominal Dollars1 per Barrel

Composite

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Real2

Imported

Domestic

Nominal1

Nominal1

Real2

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100120

Dollars per Barrel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal1

Real2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2008

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Domestic Imported 

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 

1968E 3.21 12.88 2.90 11.64 3.17 1969E 3.37 12.89 2.80 10.71 3.29 1970E 3.46 12.57 2.96 10.75 3.40 1971E 3.68 12.73 3.17 10.96 3.60 1972E 3.67 12.17 3.22 10.67 3.58 1973E 4.17 13.09 4.08 12.81 4.15 1974 7.18 20.68 12.52 36.05 9.07 1975 8.39 22.08 13.93 36.66 10.38 1976 8.84 21.99 13.48 33.54 10.89 1977 9.55 22.34 14.53 33.99 11.96 1978 10.61 23.19 14.57 31.84 12.46 1979 14.27 28.80 21.67 43.74 17.72 1980 24.23 44.83 33.89 62.71 28.07 1981 34.33 58.07 37.05 62.67 35.24 1982 31.22 49.77 33.55 53.49 31.87 1983 28.87 44.27 29.30 44.93 28.99 1984 28.53 42.17 28.88 42.69 28.63 1985 26.66 38.24 26.99 38.72 26.75 1986 14.82 20.80 14.00 19.65 14.55 1987 17.76 24.26 18.13 24.77 17.90 1988 14.74 19.47 14.56 19.24 14.67 1989 17.87 22.75 18.08 23.02 17.97 1990 22.59 27.69 21.76 26.67 22.22 1991 19.33 22.89 18.70 22.14 19.06 1992 18.63 21.57 18.20 21.07 18.43 1993 16.67 18.86 16.14 18.26 16.41 1994 15.67 17.36 15.51 17.18 15.59 1995 17.33 18.82 17.14 18.61 17.23 1996 20.77 22.13 20.64 21.99 20.71 1997 19.61 20.55 18.53 19.42 19.04 1998 13.18 13.66 12.04 12.48 12.52 1999 17.90 18.29 17.26 17.64 17.51 2000 29.11 29.11 27.70 27.70 28.26 2001 24.33 23.76 22.00 21.48 22.95 2002 24.65 23.66 23.71 22.76 24.10 2003 29.82 28.03 27.71 26.04 28.53 2004 38.97 35.60 35.90 32.80 36.98 2005 52.94 R46.84 48.86 R43.23 50.24 2006 62.62 R53.67 59.02 R50.58 60.24 2007 R69.65 R58.13 R67.04 R55.95 R67.94 2008P 98.44 80.41 92.78 75.79 94.73 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include

crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the compositeis derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume ofall refiners’ purchases.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1968-1973—Energy Information Administration (E

oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the averagthe U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was derived costs on the basis of quantities produced and imported. Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost Allocation ReForm FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Monthly Cost Allocation Report"Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program Refiners’ Monthly RMarketing Monthly (April 2009), Table 1.
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008

To Resellers To End Users176 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Price” in Glossary. Source: Table 5.22.

Residual Fuel Oil

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

255075

100125150175200225250275300325

Nominal Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes

Motor Gasoline

Residual Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

No. 2

Distillate

Propane

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

0

255075

100125150175200225250275300325350

Nominal Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes

P
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008

 (Nominal Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 99.1 96.5 93.3 97.5 105.5 106.5 91.2 100.7 133.0 125.6 114.6 128.8 162.7  Motor Gasoline ............................... 67.7 62.6 59.9 62.6 71.3 70.0 52.6 64.5 96.3 88.6 82.8 100.2 128.8  Leaded Regular ............................ 69.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 64.5 59.3 56.6 59.3 68.5 67.3 49.9 62.0 94.2 86.5 80.6 98.1 126.9  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... 70.8 66.0 63.8 67.0 75.9 74.9 57.6 69.6 101.3 94.5 88.5 106.1 134.0  Premium ....................................... 77.4 72.2 69.5 72.2 80.3 79.2 61.7 72.6 105.5 98.0 92.8 111.3 140.8  Kerosene ........................................ 63.2 60.4 61.8 58.0 71.4 65.3 46.5 55.0 96.9 82.1 75.2 95.5 127.1  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 60.5 57.7 53.4 53.9 64.6 61.3 45.0 53.3 88.0 76.3 71.6 87.1 120.8  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 65.2 64.6 61.5 62.5 75.1 72.3 51.3 63.4 101.9 88.3 80.5 103.3 128.9  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 58.5 55.9 52.2 53.0 65.3 60.2 43.9 53.6 89.6 77.9 71.8 88.2 117.8  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 57.9 54.4 50.6 51.1 63.9 59.0 42.2 49.3 88.6 75.6 69.4 88.1 112.5  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 59.1 57.0 52.9 53.8 65.9 60.6 44.4 54.6 89.8 77.5 72.4 88.3 118.7  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 49.5 48.8 46.2 46.3 60.3 55.1 38.3 43.0 77.8 69.7 66.3 79.3 103.3  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 30.8 29.3 31.7 36.3 42.0 38.7 28.0 35.4 56.6 47.6 53.0 66.1 68.1  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. 35.1 33.7 34.5 38.3 45.6 41.5 29.9 38.2 62.7 52.3 54.6 72.8 76.4  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ 28.6 25.6 28.7 33.8 38.9 36.6 26.9 32.9 51.2 42.8 50.8 58.8 60.1  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 32.8 35.1 32.4 34.4 46.1 41.6 28.8 34.2 59.5 54.0 43.1 60.7 75.1 

Sales Prices to End Users: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 102.7 99.0 95.7 100.5 111.6 112.8 97.5 105.9 130.6 132.3 128.8 149.3 181.9  Motor Gasoline ............................... 78.7 75.9 73.8 76.5 84.7 83.9 67.3 78.1 110.6 103.2 94.7 115.6 143.5  Leaded Regular ............................ 78.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 74.3 71.2 68.9 71.7 80.7 79.8 63.0 74.2 107.3 99.7 91.2 112.3 140.4  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... 82.7 80.5 78.5 80.8 89.6 89.5 72.8 83.5 116.8 110.0 101.0 121.8 149.9  Premium ....................................... 91.4 88.9 86.5 89.0 97.2 97.3 80.5 90.6 124.2 117.5 108.8 130.5 159.6  Kerosene ........................................ 78.8 75.4 66.0 58.9 74.0 74.5 50.1 60.5 112.3 104.5 99.0 122.4 116.0  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 61.0 58.0 53.4 54.0 65.1 61.3 45.2 54.3 89.9 77.5 72.1 87.2 120.7  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 66.6 66.6 64.0 62.0 72.6 68.9 55.1 62.1 98.8 90.2 82.8 101.7 126.2  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 62.0 60.2 55.6 56.0 68.0 64.2 49.2 58.0 93.4 84.0 75.9 94.2 123.5  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 62.7 60.2 57.2 56.2 67.3 63.6 48.2 55.8 92.7 82.9 73.7 93.3 117.3  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 61.9 60.2 55.4 56.0 68.1 64.2 49.4 58.4 93.5 84.2 76.2 94.4 124.3  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 52.6 50.1 50.1 50.5 60.3 56.5 42.8 47.4 76.9 67.9 65.7 85.6 101.7  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 33.6 33.7 35.2 39.2 45.5 42.3 30.5 37.4 60.2 53.1 56.9 69.8 73.9  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. 38.9 39.7 40.1 43.6 52.6 48.8 35.4 40.5 70.8 64.2 64.0 80.4 83.5  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ 31.2 30.3 33.0 37.7 43.3 40.3 28.7 36.2 56.6 49.2 54.4 65.1 69.2  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 64.3 67.3 53.0 49.2 60.5 55.2 40.5 45.8 60.3 50.6 41.9 57.7 83.9 

Refiner Margins 5

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 23.8 23.5 22.8 21.6 22.0 24.7 22.8 22.8 29.0 34.0 25.4 32.3 40.8  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 16.5 18.6 16.3 12.9 15.3 16.0 15.2 11.6 20.7 21.7 14.2 19.2 32.8  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 14.6 16.8 15.1 12.0 16.0 14.9 14.1 11.9 22.3 23.3 14.4 20.3 29.8  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -13.2 -9.8 -5.4 -4.8 -7.2 -6.6 -1.8 -6.3 -10.7 -7.0 -4.4 -1.8 -19.9  Composite 6 .................................... 19.8 19.0 19.8 18.1 19.4 20.0 19.5 18.9 26.1 29.7 21.6 28.1 36.7 

1 See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel. 4 Sulfur content by weight. 5 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude

oil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers.

6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to reselle

fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, an

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. W=Value 

company data. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marke

and 16.
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2008

Motor Gasoline, Selected GradesDistillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane178 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.2 Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.3 > 15 and <= 500 parts per million by weight.4 > 500 parts per million by weight.

- - = Not applicable.Note: Data are preliminary. Source: Table 5.23.

277 275 273 281 285 28

259 257 256 258 264 261 

All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded 

0

50

100150200250300350

Nominal Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes) To Resellers To End Users

Midgrade

Conventiona

Regular Midgrade

Refomulated

Regular

Conventional2

Motor Gasoline Regular

(- -)

322 322 323 326 319

1

298 302 300 289

185

No. 2 No. 2 Distillate No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel Residual 

0

50

100150200250300350

Nominal Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Fuel, High Sulfur Fuel Oil 

4 Fuel, Low Sulfur3 Distillate Fuel Oil to Residences Fuel
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1992-2008

 (Nominal Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

Sales Prices to Resellers 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... 68.0 62.8 60.2 63.0 71.5 70.3 53.0 64.5 96.6 88.8 83.2 100.1 128.8  Unleaded Regular ................................... 64.9 59.7 57.1 59.9 68.9 67.7 50.4 62.1 94.6 86.8 81.3 98.2 127.1  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA NA 56.5 58.3 67.2 65.8 48.4 59.6 91.8 83.8 79.4 95.0 124.1  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA NA 62.7 66.2 74.5 75.4 57.5 69.0 101.6 94.7 85.8 103.1 128.9  Reformulated ........................................ NA NA 63.2 64.6 73.3 72.5 55.1 67.6 100.6 93.0 85.6 105.8 133.9  Unleaded Midgrade ................................ 71.3 66.4 64.1 67.3 76.0 75.1 57.9 69.4 101.4 94.5 88.6 105.6 133.8  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA NA 63.3 65.1 73.7 72.3 55.0 65.8 97.7 90.1 85.2 101.5 130.4  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA NA 68.9 71.1 78.9 79.1 59.9 69.5 102.1 96.5 88.5 104.3 130.5  Reformulated ........................................ NA NA 72.2 71.9 80.2 80.1 63.2 75.8 108.0 102.2 95.2 115.0 141.0  Premium ................................................. 77.6 72.2 69.6 72.4 80.4 79.4 61.8 72.4 105.5 98.0 92.9 110.5 140.0  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA NA 68.6 69.5 77.7 76.4 58.7 68.8 101.3 93.3 89.7 105.5 135.1  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA NA 75.7 78.7 85.1 85.6 67.4 77.9 111.9 102.0 95.2 113.1 139.0  Reformulated ........................................ NA NA 76.9 77.9 85.1 84.5 67.1 78.7 111.7 105.4 98.6 118.9 146.7  No. 2 Distillate .......................................... 59.1 56.6 52.9 53.6 66.0 61.1 45.0 53.8 90.1 78.5 72.8 89.1 117.8  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... NA NA 53.8 54.6 66.7 61.6 45.4 55.2 90.4 79.1 73.5 89.1 119.1  Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 .... NA NA 54.2 55.1 67.3 61.9 45.7 55.7 90.9 79.4 73.8 89.5 119.7  High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 ..................... NA NA 51.9 52.4 63.9 60.2 43.7 51.9 87.5 77.1 71.2 87.0 114.6  Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... 32.6 30.1 32.2 36.6 42.7 39.6 28.4 35.5 57.9 49.6 52.6 67.5 68.2  Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................ 36.8 34.1 35.0 38.3 46.1 42.4 30.5 38.2 63.8 54.2 54.8 73.2 74.0  Sulfur > 1% 4 .......................................... 30.0 27.2 29.8 34.4 39.7 37.5 27.1 33.3 52.3 43.8 50.2 62.1 63.8  Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... NA NA 33.6 35.4 47.1 42.6 29.7 35.4 60.3 55.6 44.0 61.5 76.1 

Sales Prices to End Users 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... 78.7 75.3 72.9 76.1 84.3 83.1 66.0 76.2 109.1 102.2 94.3 113.5 142.3  Unleaded Regular ................................... 75.0 71.4 69.0 72.1 80.9 79.7 62.3 72.8 106.3 99.3 91.5 110.8 139.9  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA NA 68.5 71.4 80.1 78.5 61.0 70.8 104.4 96.8 90.1 108.2 137.3  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA NA 73.7 77.3 86.1 88.7 69.4 78.2 111.8 105.9 96.4 114.2 141.4  Reformulated ........................................ NA NA 74.3 74.1 83.3 82.2 65.1 77.7 110.9 105.1 94.9 118.3 147.8  Unleaded Midgrade ................................ 82.4 79.2 77.0 80.2 88.5 88.0 71.1 81.2 114.6 108.6 100.2 119.5 148.2  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA NA 76.6 79.3 87.4 86.5 69.5 78.7 112.2 105.2 98.5 116.6 145.3  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA NA 82.1 83.8 92.9 96.4 76.3 85.3 118.5 112.0 103.1 119.3 145.9  Reformulated ........................................ NA NA 85.1 82.9 91.6 91.5 74.8 86.9 119.7 115.6 104.2 127.7 156.9  Premium ................................................. 90.6 87.5 85.2 88.3 96.2 95.5 78.6 88.0 121.8 115.4 108.1 128.2 158.0  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA NA 84.6 87.1 95.0 93.9 76.9 85.6 119.2 111.9 106.3 124.5 153.8  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA NA 90.8 93.8 101.9 105.4 84.5 94.0 127.9 121.8 112.8 130.7 156.8  Reformulated ........................................ NA NA 93.7 91.4 99.1 98.8 82.2 93.1 126.7 121.7 111.6 135.5 166.0  No. 2 Distillate .......................................... 72.6 71.0 67.5 67.3 79.3 75.3 59.9 67.8 104.4 94.8 87.4 105.8 133.9  No. 2 Distillate to Residences 5 .............. 93.4 91.1 88.4 86.7 98.9 98.4 85.2 87.6 131.1 125.0 112.9 135.5 154.8  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... NA NA 62.8 63.6 75.7 71.4 56.2 65.4 100.6 91.2 83.7 100.8 131.6  Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 .... NA NA 64.2 64.5 76.7 71.9 56.5 66.3 101.4 91.7 84.1 101.4 132.5  High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 ..................... NA NA 59.8 61.4 73.2 69.8 55.5 62.0 98.1 89.2 82.2 98.6 128.1  Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... 34.6 34.1 35.8 39.7 46.4 42.9 31.1 37.8 60.9 53.3 56.1 69.6 72.5  Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................ 39.4 39.3 40.3 43.3 52.9 47.2 35.6 40.6 68.3 62.0 61.2 78.5 79.4  Sulfur > 1% 4 .......................................... 31.9 31.2 32.7 37.6 43.0 40.7 29.2 36.6 57.6 49.8 54.0 65.1 68.7  Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... NA NA 77.6 76.6 88.6 87.8 77.4 78.1 104.8 109.4 95.8 115.0 130.7 

1 See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline. 4 Sulfur content by weight ("ppm" is parts per million). 5 See Note 6, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1992-2007—Energy Information Administration 

reports. • 2008—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2Plant Operators’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report"; and Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2008 Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2008 Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-180 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.

4 “Reformulated Gasoline Areas” are ozone nonattainment 

mental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulate

5 All grades, in chained (2000) dollars.

Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.

Nominal2

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.000.751.502.253.003.75

Dollars per Gallon

3.21 3.31 

Conventional Reformulated Al

0.001.503.004.50

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon

$3.32 in 2008

(Nominal)

Real1

Gasoline Areas3 Gasoline Areas4 

Regular Motor Gasoline

Unleaded

Premium Consu

Leaded Regular

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.001.002.003.004.00

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Index: 1978=1.0 

Unleaded

Regular
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Dollars per Gallon)

Year

Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gasoline 

Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium All Grades 

Conventional

Gasoline Areas 1,2

Reformula

Gasoline Ar

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Nomina

1949 0.27 1.64 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .27 1.62 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1955 .29 1.55 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 .31 1.48 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 .31 1.39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 .36 1.30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1971 .36 1.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1972 .36 1.20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1973 .39 1.22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1974 .53 1.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 .57 1.49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 .59 1.47 .61 1.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 .62 1.46 .66 1.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1978 .63 1.37 .67 1.46 NA NA .65 1.43 NA NA 1979 .86 1.73 .90 1.82 NA NA .88 1.78 NA NA 1980 1.19 2.20 1.25 2.30 NA NA 1.22 2.26 NA NA 1981 1.31 2.22 1.38 2.33 1.47 2.49 1.35 2.29 NA NA 1982 1.22 1.95 1.30 2.07 1.42 2.26 1.28 2.04 NA NA 1983 1.16 1.77 1.24 1.90 1.38 2.12 1.23 1.88 NA NA 1984 1.13 1.67 1.21 1.79 1.37 2.02 1.20 1.77 NA NA 1985 1.12 1.60 1.20 1.72 1.34 1.92 1.20 1.72 NA NA 1986 .86 1.20 .93 1.30 1.09 1.52 .93 1.31 NA NA 1987 .90 1.23 .95 1.30 1.09 1.49 .96 1.31 NA NA 1988 .90 1.19 .95 1.25 1.11 1.46 .96 1.27 NA NA 1989 1.00 1.27 1.02 1.30 1.20 1.52 1.06 1.35 NA NA 1990 1.15 1.41 1.16 1.43 1.35 1.65 1.22 1.49 NA NA 1991 NA NA 1.14 1.35 1.32 1.56 1.20 1.42 1.10 NA 1992 NA NA 1.13 1.31 1.32 1.52 1.19 1.38 1.09 NA 1993 NA NA 1.11 1.25 1.30 1.47 1.17 1.33 21.07 NA 1994 NA NA 1.11 1.23 1.31 1.45 1.17 1.30 21.07 NA 1995 NA NA 1.15 1.25 1.34 1.45 1.21 1.31 21.10 41.16 1996 NA NA 1.23 1.31 1.41 1.51 1.29 1.37 21.19 41.28 1997 NA NA 1.23 1.29 1.42 1.48 1.29 1.35 21.19 41.25 1998 NA NA 1.06 1.10 1.25 1.30 1.12 1.16 21.02 41.08 1999 NA NA 1.17 1.19 1.36 1.39 1.22 1.25 21.12 41.20 2000 NA NA 1.51 1.51 1.69 1.69 1.56 1.56 21.46 41.54 2001 NA NA 1.46 1.43 1.66 1.62 1.53 1.50 1.38 1.50 2002 NA NA 1.36 1.30 1.56 1.49 1.44 1.38 1.31 1.41 2003 NA NA 1.59 1.50 1.78 1.67 1.64 1.54 1.52 1.66 2004 NA NA 1.88 1.72 2.07 1.89 1.92 1.76 1.81 1.94 2005 NA NA 2.30 2.03 2.49 2.20 2.34 2.07 2.24 2.34 2006 NA NA 2.59 2.22 2.81 R2.40 2.64 2.26 2.53 2.65 2007 NA NA 2.80 2.34 3.03 R2.53 2.85 2.38 2.77 2.86 2008 NA NA 3.27 2.67 3.52 2.87 3.32 2.71 3.21 3.31 

1 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. 2 For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas." 3 "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental

Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.

4 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in

"Reformulated Gasoline Areas." 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Con

and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: • 1949-1973—Platt’s 

51st Edition. • 1974 forward—Energy Information Administratifrom the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor StatistRegular Motor Gasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: E"Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."
Petroleum

Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Totalpetroleum products supplied is the sum of the products supplied for each petroleumproduct, crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each ofthese, except crude oil, product supplied is calculated by adding refineryproduction, natural gas plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock additions, refinery inputs, andexports. Crude oil product supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and atpipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813, “Monthly Crude Oil Report.”Prior to 1983, crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline pump stations was reportedas either distillate or residual fuel oil and was included as product supplied for theseproducts. Petroleum product supplied (see Table 5.11) is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term “Petroleum Consumption” inTables 5.13a-d. The sector allocation of product supplied in Tables 5.13a-d forproducts used in more than one sector is derived from sales to ultimate consumersby refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (see Energy Information Administration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales) and from EIA electric power

sector petroleum consumption data (see Tables 8.7b and 8.7c).Note 2. Adjustment to Total Petroleum Products Supplied. Accurate calculation of the quantity of petroleum products supplied to the domestic market iscomplicated by the recycling of products at the refinery, the renaming of productsinvolved in a transfer, and the receipt of products from outside the primary supplysystem. Beginning in 1981, a single adjustment (always a negative quantity) is made

to total product supplied to correct this accounting problem. The calculation of this

adjustment, called “reclassified,” involves only unfinished oils and gasoline blending components. It is the sum of their net changes in primary stocks (net withdrawals is a plus quantity; net additions is a minus quantity) plus imports minus net inputto refineries.Note 3. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several Energy Information Administration surveyforms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments inrefinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those changesaffect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate fueloil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of those

changes, motor gasoline production during the last haged 289,000 barrels per day higher than that which Distillate and residual fuel oil production and prowould have averaged, respectively, 105,000 and 54,0the numbers that were published.Note 4. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The mto Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follestimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stilrefineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plaprocessing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil rerungasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU for 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthNote 5. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Pripurchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-19first purchase values as reported by State agencies aMines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a purchasers’ purchases; for 1976 forward, weighted apurchases.Note 6. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. for 1956 through 1986 were formerly published iThose data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—151959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6; 1962—151965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9; 1968—171971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8; 1974—361977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4; 1980—97.41983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3; 1986—sources of these data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of LabIndexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential 1975–September 1977—Federal Energy Administr“No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Repo1977—Energy Information Administration (EIA), FoSupply/Price Monitoring Report”; 1978 forward—Annual, Table 15.

182 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Natural Gas

6

Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2008

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.2 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.
Figure 6.1 Natural Gas Overview

Overview, 1949-2008 Overview, 2008Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2008186 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20081 Dry gas.2 Underground storage. For 1980-2007, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground

tanks.

Source: Table 6.1.

Production1

Additions to Storage2

Net Imports

Withdrawals from Storage2

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

20.6

4.0

Production1 Imports Ex

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Dry Gas

Production

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels 2

Trade Storage 1 Activity

Imports Exports Net Imports 3 Withdrawals Additions Net Withdrawals 4

1949 5,195 NA 0 20 -20 106 172 -66 1950 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 175 230 -54 1955 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 437 505 -68 1960 12,228 NA 156 11 144 713 844 -132 1965 15,286 NA 456 26 430 960 1,078 -118 1970 21,014 NA 821 70 751 1,459 1,857 -398 1971 21,610 NA 935 80 854 1,508 1,839 -332 1972 21,624 NA 1,019 78 941 1,757 1,893 -136 1973 21,731 NA 1,033 77 956 1,533 1,974 -442 1974 20,713 NA 959 77 882 1,701 1,784 -84 1975 19,236 NA 953 73 880 1,760 2,104 -344 1976 19,098 NA 964 65 899 1,921 1,756 165 1977 19,163 NA 1,011 56 955 1,750 2,307 -557 1978 19,122 NA 966 53 913 2,158 2,278 -120 1979 19,663 NA 1,253 56 1,198 2,047 2,295 -248 1980 19,403 155 985 49 936 1,972 1,949 23 1981 19,181 176 904 59 845 1,930 2,228 -297 1982 17,820 145 933 52 882 2,164 2,472 -308 1983 16,094 132 918 55 864 2,270 1,822 447 1984 17,466 110 843 55 788 2,098 2,295 -197 1985 16,454 126 950 55 894 2,397 2,163 235 1986 16,059 113 750 61 689 1,837 1,984 -147 1987 16,621 101 993 54 939 1,905 1,911 -6 1988 17,103 101 1,294 74 1,220 2,270 2,211 59 1989 17,311 107 1,382 107 1,275 2,854 2,528 326 1990 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 1,986 2,499 -513 1991 17,698 113 1,773 129 1,644 2,752 2,672 80 1992 17,840 118 2,138 216 1,921 2,772 2,599 173 1993 18,095 119 2,350 140 2,210 2,799 2,835 -36 1994 18,821 111 2,624 162 2,462 2,579 2,865 -286 1995 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 3,025 2,610 415 1996 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2,981 2,979 2 1997 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 2,894 2,870 24 1998 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 2,432 2,961 -530 1999 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 2,808 2,636 172 2000 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 3,550 2,721 829 2001 19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 2,344 3,510 -1,166 2002 18,928 68 4,015 516 3,499 3,180 2,713 467 2003 19,099 68 3,944 680 3,264 3,161 3,358 -197 2004 18,591 60 4,259 854 3,404 3,088 3,202 -114 2005 18,051 64 4,341 729 3,612 3,107 3,055 52 2006 R18,504 66 4,186 724 3,462 2,527 2,963 -436 2007 R19,089 R63 R4,608 R822 R3,785 R3,380 R3,187 R193 2008P 20,574 55 3,962 1,000 2,962 3,367 3,335 32 

1 Underground storage. For 1980-2007, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. 2 See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than

withdrawals.

5 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes

intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country).

6 See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. 7 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,1989-1992," at end of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a p

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see htt

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplementa

Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annGas Monthly (NGM) (March 2009), Table 1. Trade: Table 6.3NGA, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, NGM (March 2009), Tconsumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gaseous Consumption: Table 6.5. 
Figure 6.2 Natural Gas Production

Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2008 Production Flow, 2008

(Trillion Cubic Feet)Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2008

188 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Dry Gas

Production

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply. Source: Table 6.2.

Gross Withdrawals

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet

19.4

Natural Gas 

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

Wells 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals

Repressuring

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

Vented

and Flared

Marketed

Production

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Total 

1949 4,986 2,561 7,547 1,273 NA 854 5,420 1950 5,603 2,876 8,480 1,397 NA 801 6,282 1955 7,842 3,878 11,720 1,541 NA 774 9,405 1960 10,853 4,234 15,088 1,754 NA 563 12,771 1965 13,524 4,440 17,963 1,604 NA 319 16,040 1970 18,595 5,192 23,786 1,376 NA 489 21,921 1971 18,925 5,163 24,088 1,310 NA 285 22,493 1972 19,043 4,974 24,016 1,236 NA 248 22,532 1973 19,372 4,696 24,067 1,171 NA 248 22,648 1974 18,669 4,181 22,850 1,080 NA 169 21,601 1975 17,380 3,723 21,104 861 NA 134 20,109 1976 17,191 3,753 20,944 859 NA 132 19,952 1977 17,416 3,681 21,097 935 NA 137 20,025 1978 17,394 3,915 21,309 1,181 NA 153 19,974 1979 18,034 3,849 21,883 1,245 NA 167 20,471 1980 17,573 4,297 21,870 1,365 199 125 20,180 1981 17,337 4,251 21,587 1,312 222 98 19,956 1982 15,809 4,463 20,272 1,388 208 93 18,582 1983 14,153 4,506 18,659 1,458 222 95 16,884 1984 15,513 4,754 20,267 1,630 224 108 18,304 1985 14,535 5,071 19,607 1,915 326 95 17,270 1986 14,154 4,977 19,131 1,838 337 98 16,859 1987 14,807 5,333 20,140 2,208 376 124 17,433 1988 15,467 5,532 20,999 2,478 460 143 17,918 1989 15,709 5,366 21,074 2,475 362 142 18,095 1990 16,054 5,469 21,523 2,489 289 150 18,594 1991 16,018 5,732 21,750 2,772 276 170 18,532 1992 16,165 5,967 22,132 2,973 280 168 18,712 1993 16,691 6,035 22,726 3,103 414 227 18,982 1994 17,351 6,230 23,581 3,231 412 228 19,710 1995 17,282 6,462 23,744 3,565 388 284 19,506 1996 17,737 6,376 24,114 3,511 518 272 19,812 1997 17,844 6,369 24,213 3,492 599 256 19,866 1998 17,729 6,380 24,108 3,427 617 103 19,961 1999 17,590 6,233 23,823 3,293 615 110 19,805 2000 17,726 6,448 24,174 3,380 505 91 20,198 2001 18,129 6,371 24,501 3,371 463 97 20,570 2002 17,795 6,146 23,941 3,455 502 99 19,885 2003 17,882 6,237 24,119 3,548 499 98 19,974 2004 17,885 6,084 23,970 3,702 654 96 19,517 2005 17,472 5,985 23,457 3,700 711 119 18,927 2006 R17,996 R5,539 R23,535 3,265 731 R129 R19,410 2007 R18,739 R5,852 R24,591 R3,788 R632 R151 R20,019 2008 E19,400 E6,647 P26,046 E3,817 E644 E130 P21,455 

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to

petroleum supply (see Tables 5.1 and 5.10).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. 

For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Natural Gas Wells and Crude Oil Wells: • 

Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. • 1967-2007—Energy InfoAnnual (NGA), annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimates. Production, Extraction Loss, and Dry Gas Production: • • 2004 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2009), TabNGA, annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports

Trade Overview, 1949-2008Trade, 2008 Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-20190 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20081 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.2 By pipeline.3 As liquefied natural gas.

4 By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from E5 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natur

Source: Table 6.3.

and

Tobago3

Imports by Selected Country of Origin

Imports from Canada1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Total Imports

4.2% in 

5

3.57

0.26 0.13

0.58

0.37

0.05

Canada2 Trinidad Canada2 Mexico Japan3

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

101520

Percent

Other

4

Exports by

Country of Destination
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Imports by Country of Origin Exports by Country of Destin

Algeria 2 Canada 3 Egypt 2 Mexico 3 Nigeria 2 Oman 2 Qatar 2

Trinidad

and Tobago 2 Other 2,4 Total Canada 3 Japan 2 Mexico 3 

1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 1955 0 11 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 1960 0 109 0 47 0 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 1965 0 405 0 52 0 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 1970 1 779 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 1971 1 912 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 935 14 50 16 1972 2 1,009 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1,019 16 48 15 1973 3 1,028 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1,033 15 48 14 1974 0 959 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 959 13 50 13 1975 5 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 1976 10 954 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 1977 11 997 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 1978 84 881 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 1979 253 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 1980 86 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 1981 37 762 0 105 0 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 1982 55 783 0 95 0 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 1983 131 712 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 1984 36 755 0 52 0 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 1985 24 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 1986 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 750 9 50 2 1987 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 1988 17 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 1989 42 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 1990 84 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 1991 64 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 1992 43 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 1993 82 2,267 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 1994 51 2,566 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 1995 18 2,816 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 1996 35 2,883 0 14 0 0 0 0 5 2,937 52 68 34 1997 66 2,899 0 17 0 0 0 0 12 2,994 56 62 38 1998 69 3,052 0 15 0 0 0 0 17 3,152 40 66 53 1999 76 3,368 0 55 0 0 20 51 17 3,586 39 64 61 2000 47 3,544 0 12 13 10 46 99 11 3,782 73 66 106 2001 65 3,729 0 10 38 12 23 98 2 3,977 167 66 141 2002 27 3,785 0 2 8 3 35 151 5 4,015 189 63 263 2003 53 3,437 0 0 50 9 14 378 3 3,944 271 66 343 2004 120 3,607 0 0 12 9 12 462 36 4,259 395 62 397 2005 97 3,700 73 9 8 2 3 439 9 4,341 358 65 305 2006 17 3,590 120 13 57 0 0 389 0 4,186 341 61 322 2007 R77 R3,783 R115 54 95 0 18 R448 18 R4,608 R482 47 R292 2008P 0 3,567 55 43 12 0 3 264 17 3,962 585 50 365 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 As liquefied natural gas. 3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,

1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.

4 Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and

2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; United Arab Emirates in 1996-2000; Norway in 2008; and Other(unassigned) in 2004. 5 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year. 6 Includes 2 billion cubic feet to Russia.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feeNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see htt

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption: Calculated. 

Information Administration (EIA), Office of Oil and Gas, Reservdata. • 1955-1971—EIA, Federal Power Commission, by telep"Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas." annual reports. • 2007 and 2008—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (M
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008

Gross Withdrawals by Location Number of Producing WellsGross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas Well Average Productivity192 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) 1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;

beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”

2 Gulf of Mexico.

Source: Table 6.4.

Onshore

Total

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

100200300400500

Thousands

Offshore

Peak productivity: 43

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

15

Trillion Cubic Feet Louisiana1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

100200300400500

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well Other States1 Texas1 Federal

Oklahoma GOM2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2008

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Nat

State Location Gross

Withdrawals

From

Natural Gas Wells

Texas 

1 Louisiana 1 Oklahoma

Other

States 1

Federal

Gulf of Mexico 2 Total Onshore 3 Offshore 4 Total

Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet 

1960 6,965 3,313 1,133 3,677 2 ( ) 15,088 14,815 273 15,088 10,853 1961 7,020 3,571 1,160 3,710 2 ( ) 15,460 15,142 318 15,460 11,195 1962 7,199 3,854 1,222 3,764 2 ( ) 16,039 15,587 452 16,039 11,702 1963 7,452 4,250 1,347 3,924 2 ( ) 16,973 16,409 564 16,973 12,606 1964 7,622 4,515 1,423 3,975 2 ( ) 17,536 16,914 622 17,536 13,106 1965 7,741 4,764 1,414 4,044 2 ( ) 17,963 17,318 646 17,963 13,524 1966 7,935 5,365 1,502 4,232 2 ( ) 19,034 18,026 1,007 19,034 13,894 1967 8,292 6,087 1,621 4,252 2 ( ) 20,252 19,065 1,187 20,252 15,345 1968 8,566 6,778 1,607 4,375 2 ( ) 21,325 19,801 1,524 21,325 16,540 1969 8,915 7,561 1,742 4,462 2 ( ) 22,679 20,725 1,954 22,679 17,489 1970 9,399 8,076 1,811 4,501 2 ( ) 23,786 21,368 2,419 23,786 18,595 1971 9,519 8,319 1,809 4,442 2 ( ) 24,088 21,311 2,777 24,088 18,925 1972 9,550 8,160 1,928 4,378 2 ( ) 24,016 20,978 3,039 24,016 19,043 1973 9,290 8,491 1,890 4,396 2 ( ) 24,067 20,856 3,212 24,067 19,372 1974 8,859 7,920 1,757 4,314 2 ( ) 22,850 19,335 3,515 22,850 18,669 1975 7,989 7,242 1,721 4,152 2 ( ) 21,104 17,555 3,549 21,104 17,380 1976 7,666 7,143 1,842 4,293 2 ( ) 20,944 17,348 3,596 20,944 17,191 1977 7,496 7,351 1,888 4,362 2 ( ) 21,097 17,165 3,932 21,097 17,416 1978 6,988 7,639 1,892 4,790 2 ( ) 21,309 16,953 4,356 21,309 17,394 1979 7,594 7,359 1,958 4,973 2 ( ) 21,883 17,061 4,822 21,883 18,034 1980 7,656 7,008 2,019 5,187 2 ( ) 21,870 16,967 4,902 21,870 17,573 1981 7,452 6,830 2,019 5,287 2 ( ) 21,587 16,597 4,991 21,587 17,337 1982 6,976 6,217 1,985 5,094 2 ( ) 20,272 15,499 4,773 20,272 15,809 1983 6,429 5,379 1,780 5,071 2 ( ) 18,659 14,477 4,182 18,659 14,153 1984 6,712 5,888 2,046 5,620 2 ( ) 20,267 15,560 4,707 20,267 15,513 1985 6,577 5,218 1,993 5,818 2 ( ) 19,607 15,421 4,186 19,607 14,535 1986 6,656 4,965 1,972 5,538 2 ( ) 19,131 14,945 4,186 19,131 14,154 1987 6,688 5,205 2,073 6,174 2 ( ) 20,140 15,468 4,672 20,140 14,807 1988 6,919 5,248 2,167 6,665 2 ( ) 20,999 16,253 4,747 20,999 15,467 1989 6,881 5,143 2,237 6,813 2 ( ) 21,074 16,303 4,771 21,074 15,709 1990 6,907 5,303 2,258 7,054 2 ( ) 21,523 16,476 5,047 21,523 16,054 1991 6,846 5,100 2,154 7,651 2 ( ) 21,750 16,900 4,850 21,750 16,018 1992 6,708 4,977 2,017 8,429 2 ( ) 22,132 17,361 4,772 22,132 16,165 1993 6,817 5,047 2,050 8,812 2 ( ) 22,726 17,960 4,766 22,726 16,691 1994 6,912 5,226 1,935 9,508 2 ( ) 23,581 18,585 4,996 23,581 17,351 1995 6,873 5,163 1,812 9,896 2 ( ) 23,744 18,802 4,942 23,744 17,282 1996 7,028 5,351 1,735 9,999 2 ( ) 24,114 18,867 5,246 24,114 17,737 1997 15,730 11,538 1,704 19,999 5,242 24,213 18,897 5,316 24,213 17,844 1998 5,799 1,579 1,669 9,950 5,110 24,108 18,923 5,185 24,108 17,729 1999 5,575 1,599 1,594 10,002 5,053 23,823 18,692 5,131 23,823 17,590 2000 5,723 1,485 1,613 10,386 4,968 24,174 19,130 5,044 24,174 17,726 2001 5,752 1,525 1,615 10,542 5,066 24,501 19,364 5,137 24,501 18,129 2002 5,661 1,382 1,582 10,769 4,548 23,941 19,326 4,615 23,941 17,795 2003 5,791 1,378 1,558 10,944 4,447 24,119 19,614 4,505 24,119 17,882 2004 5,734 1,377 1,656 11,202 4,001 23,970 19,914 4,055 23,970 17,885 2005 6,007 1,310 1,639 11,350 3,151 23,457 20,252 3,205 23,457 17,472 2006 R6,326 1,378 1,689 R11,227 2,914 R23,535 R20,580 2,955 R23,535 R17,996 2007 R6,929 R1,381 R1,744 R11,723 R2,813 R24,591 R21,732 R2,859 R24,591 R18,739 2008 E6,915 E1,223 E1,744 E12,613 E3,551 P26,046 E21,758 E4,289 P26,046 E19,400 

1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning

in 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico." 2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these grosswithdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."

3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals. 4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross

withdrawals.

5 As of December 31 each year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: Offshore: • 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey. 

Service, Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receipts predecessor annual reports. • 1986-2007—Energy Information (NGA), annual reports. • 2008—EIA estimate. Total (Gross annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, Natural Gas MonProductivity: Calculated as gross withdrawals from natural gawells, and then divided by the number of days in the year. AMines, Natural Gas Production and Consumption. • 196unpublished revisions. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2008By Sector, 2008 Sector Shares, 1950 and 2008194 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Electric Power3

Transportation2

Com

Residential

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose 

tricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Source: Table 6.5.

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

12

Trillion Cubic Feet

4.9

3.1

7.9

0.7

6.7

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation2 Electric

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet 21

13

34

26

9

48

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

Power3 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Residential

Sector

Commercial Sector Industrial Sector Transportation Sector 

CHP 

2 Other 3 Total

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipelines 6

and Distribution 7 Vehicle Fuel 8 Total Elect

CHP On

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 993 9 ( ) 348 348 835 10 ( ) 2,245 2,245 3,081 NA NA NA 51950 1,198 9 ( ) 388 388 928 10 ( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 61955 2,124 9 ( ) 629 629 1,131 10 ( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 1,11960 3,103 9 ( ) 1,020 1,020 1,237 10 ( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 1,71965 3,903 9 ( ) 1,444 1,444 1,156 10 ( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 2,31970 4,837 9 ( ) 2,399 2,399 1,399 10 ( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 3,91971 4,972 9 ( ) 2,509 2,509 1,414 10 ( ) 8,181 8,181 9,594 743 NA 743 3,91972 5,126 9 ( ) 2,608 2,608 1,456 10 ( ) 8,169 8,169 9,624 766 NA 766 3,91973 4,879 9 ( ) 2,597 2,597 1,496 10 ( ) 8,689 8,689 10,185 728 NA 728 3,61974 4,786 9 ( ) 2,556 2,556 1,477 10 ( ) 8,292 8,292 9,769 669 NA 669 3,41975 4,924 9 ( ) 2,508 2,508 1,396 10 ( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 3,11976 5,051 9 ( ) 2,668 2,668 1,634 10 ( ) 6,964 6,964 8,598 548 NA 548 3,01977 4,821 9 ( ) 2,501 2,501 1,659 10 ( ) 6,815 6,815 8,474 533 NA 533 3,11978 4,903 9 ( ) 2,601 2,601 1,648 10 ( ) 6,757 6,757 8,405 530 NA 530 3,11979 4,965 9 ( ) 2,786 2,786 1,499 10 ( ) 6,899 6,899 8,398 601 NA 601 3,41980 4,752 9 ( ) 2,611 2,611 1,026 10 ( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 3,61981 4,546 9 ( ) 2,520 2,520 928 10 ( ) 7,128 7,128 8,055 642 NA 642 3,61982 4,633 9 ( ) 2,606 2,606 1,109 10 ( ) 5,831 5,831 6,941 596 NA 596 3,21983 4,381 9 ( ) 2,433 2,433 978 10 ( ) 5,643 5,643 6,621 490 NA 490 2,91984 4,555 9 ( ) 2,524 2,524 1,077 10 ( ) 6,154 6,154 7,231 529 NA 529 3,11985 4,433 9 ( ) 2,432 2,432 966 10 ( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 3,01986 4,314 9 ( ) 2,318 2,318 923 10 ( ) 5,579 5,579 6,502 485 NA 485 2,61987 4,315 9 ( ) 2,430 2,430 1,149 10 ( ) 5,953 5,953 7,103 519 NA 519 2,81988 4,630 9 ( ) 2,670 2,670 1,096 10 ( ) 6,383 6,383 7,479 614 NA 614 2,61989 4,781 30 2,688 2,718 1,070 914 115,903 116,816 7,886 629 NA 629 112,71990 4,391 46 2,576 2,623 1,236 1,055 115,963 117,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 112,71991 4,556 52 2,676 2,729 1,129 1,061 116,170 117,231 8,360 601 (s) 602 112,81992 4,690 62 2,740 2,803 1,171 1,107 116,420 117,527 8,698 588 2 590 112,81993 4,956 65 2,796 2,862 1,172 1,124 6,576 7,700 8,872 624 3 627 2,71994 4,848 72 2,823 2,895 1,124 1,176 6,613 7,790 8,913 685 3 689 3,01995 4,850 78 2,953 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 3,21996 5,241 82 3,076 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 2,81997 4,984 87 3,128 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 3,01998 4,520 87 2,912 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 3,51999 4,726 84 2,961 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 12 657 3,72000 4,996 85 3,098 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 4,02001 4,771 79 2,944 3,023 1,119 1,310 6,035 7,344 8,463 625 15 640 4,12002 4,889 74 3,070 3,144 1,113 1,240 6,267 7,507 8,620 667 15 682 4,22003 5,079 58 3,121 3,179 1,122 1,144 6,007 7,150 8,273 591 18 610 3,72004 4,869 72 3,057 3,129 1,098 1,191 6,052 7,243 8,341 566 21 587 4,12005 4,827 R68 R2,931 2,999 1,112 1,084 5,514 6,597 7,709 584 23 607 4,52006 4,368 R68 R2,764 R2,832 R1,142 1,115 R5,398 R6,512 R7,654 584 R24 R608 5,02007 R4,717 R70 R2,947 R3,017 R1,199 R1,050 R5,574 R6,625 R7,823 R623 R25 R648 R5,62008P 4,866 61 3,061 3,122 1,285 946 5,706 6,652 7,937 628 30 658 5,5

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electricutilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electricutility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only." 2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only plants. 3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. 7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers. 8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.4. See Note 4, "Natural Gas VehicleFuel," at end of section.

9 Included in "Commercial Other."

10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," atend of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. • See Ta

used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amthermal output. • See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," avolumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 6014.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of compon

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/n

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plan

and Distribution: • 1949-2003—Energy Information Admiannual reports and unpublished revisions. • 2004 forward—ETable 2. Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. 2000 (November 2001), Table 95. • 1992-1998—EIA, "Alt1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to Tradi2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefwere converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gadividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conversion factor annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, NGM (March 2009), Ta8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculated.
Figure 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage

Underground Storage, 1954-2008 Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-2008Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2008 End-of-Year Storage as Share of Total Consum196 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20081 Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.

Note: Storage is at end of year. 

Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Peak: 40% i

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Percent

Base Gas1

Working Gas1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2008

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas in Underground Storage

Base Gas 1 Working Gas Total

Traditional Storage Salt Caverns Total Traditional Storage Salt Caverns Total Traditional Storage Salt Caverns 

1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA NA 1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA NA 1956 NA NA 919 NA NA 583 NA NA 1957 NA NA 1,001 NA NA 673 NA NA 1958 NA NA 1,056 NA NA 708 NA NA 1959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA NA 1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA NA 1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA NA 1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA NA 1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA NA 1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA NA 1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA NA 1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA NA 1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA NA 1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA NA 1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA NA 1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA NA 1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA NA 1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA NA 1976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA NA 1977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA NA 1978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA NA 1979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA NA 1980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA NA 1981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA NA 1982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA NA 1983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA NA 1984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA NA 1985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA NA 1986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA NA 1987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA NA 1988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA NA 1989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA NA 1990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA NA 1991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA NA 1992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA NA 1993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA NA 1994 4,317 44 4,360 2,536 70 2,606 6,853 113 1995 4,290 60 4,349 2,082 72 2,153 6,371 131 1996 4,277 64 4,341 2,087 85 2,173 6,364 149 1997 4,283 67 4,350 2,092 83 2,175 6,375 150 1998 4,259 67 4,326 2,626 104 2,730 6,884 171 1999 4,314 69 4,383 2,423 100 2,523 6,738 169 2000 4,282 70 4,352 1,647 72 1,719 5,929 142 2001 4,224 77 4,301 2,789 115 2,904 7,013 191 2002 4,265 75 4,340 2,273 102 2,375 6,539 177 2003 4,227 76 4,303 2,438 125 2,563 6,665 201 2004 4,129 72 4,201 2,598 98 2,696 6,727 170 2005 4,122 78 4,200 2,513 123 2,635 6,635 201 2006 4,134 77 4,211 2,926 144 3,070 7,059 222 2007 4,154 80 4,234 2,756 123 2,879 6,910 203 2008P 4,143 86 4,229 2,686 154 2,840 6,829 240 

1 Includes native gas.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Storage and capacity are at end of year. • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a

pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas 

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Commission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage RepAdministration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas StoragCommission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage RepMonthly (NGM), monthly reports, and Natural Gas Annual, an2009), Tables 6, 8, and 9, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly Underg
Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices

Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2008 Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2008Wellhead, 1949-2008 Imports, 1972-2008198 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.

See Table D1.

Source: Table 6.7.

Imports

8.07

9.15

8.51

Wellhead City Gate Imports

0

2

468

10

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2

1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0369

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2 Nominal1 Nominal1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Wellhead 1 City Gate 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 

1949 0.06 0.37 NA NA NA 1950 .07 .42 NA NA NA 1955 .10 .53 NA NA NA 1960 .14 .67 NA NA NA 1965 .16 .71 NA NA NA 1970 .17 .62 NA NA NA 1971 .18 .62 NA NA NA 1972 .19 .63 NA NA .31 1973 .22 .69 NA NA .35 1974 .30 .86 NA NA .55 1975 .44 1.16 NA NA 1.21 1976 .58 1.44 NA NA 1.72 1977 .79 1.85 NA NA 1.98 1978 .91 1.99 NA NA 2.13 1979 1.18 2.38 NA NA 2.49 1980 1.59 2.94 NA NA 4.28 1981 1.98 3.35 NA NA 4.88 1982 2.46 3.92 NA NA 5.03 1983 2.59 3.97 NA NA 4.78 1984 2.66 3.93 3.95 5.84 4.08 1985 2.51 3.60 3.75 5.38 3.21 1986 1.94 2.72 3.22 4.52 2.43 1987 1.67 2.28 2.87 3.92 1.95 1988 1.69 2.23 2.92 3.86 1.84 1989 1.69 2.15 3.01 3.83 1.82 1990 1.71 2.10 3.03 3.71 1.94 1991 1.64 1.94 2.90 3.43 1.83 1992 1.74 2.01 3.01 3.48 1.85 1993 2.04 2.31 3.21 3.63 2.03 1994 1.85 2.05 3.07 3.40 1.87 1995 1.55 1.68 2.78 3.02 1.49 1996 2.17 2.31 3.34 3.56 1.97 1997 2.32 2.43 3.66 3.84 2.17 1998 1.96 2.03 3.07 3.18 1.97 1999 2.19 2.24 3.10 3.17 2.24 2000 3.68 3.68 4.62 4.62 3.95 2001 4.00 3.91 5.72 5.59 4.43 2002 2.95 2.83 4.12 3.95 3.15 2003 4.88 4.59 5.85 5.50 5.17 2004 5.46 4.99 6.65 6.08 5.81 2005 7.33 R6.48 8.67 7.67 8.12 2006 R6.39 R5.48 8.61 R7.38 6.88 2007 R6.37 R5.32 R8.12 6.78 R6.87 2008 P8.07 P6.59 P9.15 P7.47 E8.51 

1 See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 2 See "City Gate" in Glossary. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Wellhead and City Gate: • 1949-2003—Energy 

Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2004 forward—EIA, NTable 3. Imports: • 1972 and 1973—Federal Power CommissNatural Gas—Imports and Exports of LNG. • 1974-1976—FNatural Gas, annual reports. • 1977-2006—EIA, NGA, annual Table 4. • 2008—EIA estimates.
Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Nominal1 Prices, 2008 Real6 Prices, Indexed, 1980-2008

Real6 Prices, 1967-2008

200 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20081 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Based on 98.1 percent of volume delivered.3 Based on 75.1 percent of volume delivered.4 Based on 20.3 percent of volume delivered.

5 Based on 100.6 percent of volume delivered. For an expla

see Table 6.8, footnote 8.

6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

See Table D1.Source: Table 6.8.

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00

ReCoIndEle

13.68

11.98

9.61 9.35

Residential2 Commercial3 Industrial Electric

0369

12

15

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

4

Power5

ResidentialIndustrialCommercialElectric PowerVehicle Fuel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2008

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector 2 Transportation Sector 

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Vehicle Fuel 4 Prices 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 

1967 1.04 4.35 NA 0.74 3.10 NA 0.34 1.42 NA NA NA 1968 1.04 4.17 NA .73 2.93 NA .34 1.36 NA NA NA 1969 1.05 4.02 NA .74 2.83 NA .35 1.34 NA NA NA 1970 1.09 3.96 NA .77 2.80 NA .37 1.34 NA NA NA 1971 1.15 3.98 NA .82 2.84 NA .41 1.42 NA NA NA 1972 1.21 4.01 NA .88 2.92 NA .45 1.49 NA NA NA 1973 1.29 4.05 NA .94 2.95 NA .50 1.57 NA NA NA 1974 1.43 4.12 NA 1.07 3.08 NA .67 1.93 NA NA NA 1975 1.71 4.50 NA 1.35 3.55 NA .96 2.53 NA NA NA 1976 1.98 4.93 NA 1.64 4.08 NA 1.24 3.08 NA NA NA 1977 2.35 5.50 NA 2.04 4.77 NA 1.50 3.51 NA NA NA 1978 2.56 5.59 NA 2.23 4.87 NA 1.70 3.72 NA NA NA 1979 2.98 6.01 NA 2.73 5.51 NA 1.99 4.02 NA NA NA 1980 3.68 6.81 NA 3.39 6.27 NA 2.56 4.74 NA NA NA 1981 4.29 7.26 NA 4.00 6.77 NA 3.14 5.31 NA NA NA 1982 5.17 8.24 NA 4.82 7.68 NA 3.87 6.17 85.1 NA NA 1983 6.06 9.29 NA 5.59 8.57 NA 4.18 6.41 80.7 NA NA 1984 6.12 9.05 NA 5.55 8.20 NA 4.22 6.24 74.7 NA NA 1985 6.12 8.78 NA 5.50 7.89 NA 3.95 5.67 68.8 NA NA 1986 5.83 8.18 NA 5.08 7.13 NA 3.23 4.53 59.8 NA NA 1987 5.54 7.57 NA 4.77 6.52 93.1 2.94 4.02 47.4 NA NA 1988 5.47 7.23 NA 4.63 6.12 90.7 2.95 3.90 42.6 NA NA 1989 5.64 7.18 99.9 4.74 6.03 89.1 2.96 3.77 36.9 R4.17 R5.31 1990 5.80 7.11 99.2 4.83 5.92 86.6 2.93 3.59 35.2 3.39 4.15 1991 5.82 6.89 99.2 4.81 5.70 85.1 2.69 3.19 32.7 3.96 4.69 1992 5.89 6.82 99.1 4.88 5.65 83.2 2.84 3.29 30.3 4.05 4.69 1993 6.16 6.97 99.1 5.22 5.91 83.9 3.07 3.47 29.7 4.27 4.83 1994 6.41 7.10 99.1 5.44 6.03 79.3 3.05 3.38 25.5 4.11 4.55 1995 6.06 6.58 99.0 5.05 5.48 76.7 2.71 2.94 24.5 3.98 4.32 1996 6.34 6.76 99.0 5.40 5.75 77.6 3.42 3.64 19.4 4.34 4.62 1997 6.94 7.27 98.8 5.80 6.08 70.8 3.59 3.76 18.1 4.44 4.65 1998 6.82 7.07 97.7 5.48 5.68 67.0 3.14 3.25 16.1 4.59 4.76 1999 6.69 6.84 95.2 5.33 5.45 66.1 3.12 3.19 18.8 4.34 4.43 2000 7.76 7.76 92.6 6.59 6.59 63.9 4.45 4.45 19.8 5.54 5.54 2001 9.63 9.40 92.4 8.43 8.23 66.0 5.24 5.12 20.8 6.60 6.45 2002 7.89 7.57 97.9 6.63 6.36 77.4 4.02 3.86 22.7 5.10 4.90 2003 9.63 9.05 97.5 8.40 7.89 78.2 5.89 5.54 22.1 6.19 5.82 2004 10.75 9.82 97.7 9.43 8.61 78.0 6.53 5.97 23.7 7.16 6.54 2005 12.70 11.24 98.2 11.34 R10.03 82.1 8.56 R7.57 24.1 9.14 8.09 2006 R13.73 R11.77 98.1 R12.00 R10.28 R80.8 R7.87 R6.75 R23.4 R8.72 R7.48 2007 R13.06 R10.90 98.0 R11.32 9.45 R80.5 R7.68 R6.41 R22.3 R8.45 R7.05 2008 P13.68 P11.17 E98.1 P11.98 P9.79 P75.1 P9.61 P7.85 P20.3 NA NA 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. 2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-onlyplants. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 2001, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. SeeNote 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.

4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used

primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas inthe operation of fleet vehicles. 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

7 The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available. 8 Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported natural

gas consumption—this can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts relatedto non-electric generating activities.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. • The average

for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sector

by the total quantity consumed. • Prices are intended to include 

Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_ga

information.

Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: • 1989-2007

Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gestimate. Vehicle Fuel: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Electric annual reports. • 2004-2007—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGForm EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report." Ele• 1973-2001—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gForm FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels forms), divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the Table 8.5b; for 1989-2001, see Table 8.7b). • 2002-2007—Cgas receipts by electric utilities and independent power produceReport of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," Fuels for Electric Plants Report," divided by the quantity of nasector (see Table 8.7b). • 2008—Calculated by EIA as the utilities and independent power producers reported on Form Edivided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric Data: • 1967-2003—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2004 forward
Natural Gas

Note 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental gaseous fuels are anysubstances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase thevolume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,

or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.

Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the Energy Information Administration(EIA), Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels are

included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for1980 forward, EIA estimates the amount consumed by each energy-use sector. It isassumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by

the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are notcommingled with natural gas used for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, orvehicle fuel. The estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector(residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as thatsector’s natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gasconsumption by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors(see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption(see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels inBtu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial values in cubic feet are multipliedby the “End-Use Sectors” conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric powervalues in cubic feet are multiplied by the “Electric Power Sector” conversionfactors (see Table A4). Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is

calculated as the sum of the Btu values for the sectors.

Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics arecompiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distributioncompanies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sectorfrom these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and thenbalanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are thefollowing: Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for spaceheating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector—Consumption by

nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. Thecommercial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal

output primarily to support the activities of the abovelishments; Industrial Sector—Consumption by estain processing unfinished materials into another form petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease sector includes generators that produce electricity primarily to support the above-mentioned industriSector—Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, use as vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (eleent power producers)—Consumption for electricimal output at electricity-only and combined-heat-anthe NAICS (North American Industry Classificatio

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity a

Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prtility generators were not separately collected from nEIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and SupDisposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those voluboth the industrial and electric power sectors and doution. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reportgenerators.Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, for cle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table cubic feet, are: 1992–2,112; 1993–2,860; 1994–3,1997–8,393; 1998–9,416; 1999–10,398; 2000–11,462003–17,417; 2004–21,466; 2005–22,556; 2006–23,31Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Naturadata for electric power sector natural gas prices inclwhich the generator nameplate capacity of all stotaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, pand counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater totaall electric utility plants at which the generator namelectric units combined totaled 50 megawatts or include all electric utility plants at which the genersteam-electric units and combined-cycle units togegreater. For 2002 forward, data include electric uproducer plants at which the total facility fossil

capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of unit t

202 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Coal 7

Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 7.0 Coal Flow, 2008

(Million Short Tons)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Includes fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste that are consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Notes: • Production categories are estimated; other 

derived from source data prior to rounding for publicatio

components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2008Overview, 2008 Production as Share of Consumption by Type 206 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production as share of petroleum products supplied.

Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons Production Consumption

Exports

1,171

34 82

1,122

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125

Percent
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Trade

Stock Change 4

Lo

Unacc

Imports Exports Net Imports 3 

1949 480.6 NA 0.3 32.8 -32.5 6 ( ) 61950 560.4 NA .4 29.4 -29.0 6 ( ) 1955 490.8 NA .3 54.4 -54.1 6 ( ) 61960 434.3 NA .3 38.0 -37.7 6 ( ) 1965 527.0 NA .2 51.0 -50.8 6 ( ) 1970 612.7 NA (s) 71.7 -71.7 6 ( ) 1971 560.9 NA .1 57.3 -57.2 6 ( ) 1972 602.5 NA (s) 56.7 -56.7 6 ( ) 1973 598.6 NA .1 53.6 -53.5 6 ( ) 61974 610.0 NA 2.1 60.7 -58.6 -8.9 1975 654.6 NA .9 66.3 -65.4 32.2 1976 684.9 NA 1.2 60.0 -58.8 8.5 1977 697.2 NA 1.6 54.3 -52.7 22.6 1978 670.2 NA 3.0 40.7 -37.8 -4.9 1979 781.1 NA 2.1 66.0 -64.0 36.2 1980 829.7 NA 1.2 91.7 -90.5 25.6 1981 823.8 NA 1.0 112.5 -111.5 -19.0 1982 838.1 NA .7 106.3 -105.5 22.6 1983 782.1 NA 1.3 77.8 -76.5 -29.5 1984 895.9 NA 1.3 81.5 -80.2 28.7 1985 883.6 NA 2.0 92.7 -90.7 -27.9 1986 890.3 NA 2.2 85.5 -83.3 4.0 1987 918.8 NA 1.7 79.6 -77.9 6.5 1988 950.3 NA 2.1 95.0 -92.9 -24.9 1989 980.7 1.4 2.9 100.8 -98.0 -13.7 1990 1,029.1 3.3 2.7 105.8 -103.1 26.5 1991 996.0 4.0 3.4 109.0 -105.6 -.9 1992 997.5 6.3 3.8 102.5 -98.7 -3.0 1993 945.4 8.1 8.2 74.5 -66.3 -51.9 1994 1,033.5 8.2 8.9 71.4 -62.5 23.6 1995 1,033.0 8.6 9.5 88.5 -79.1 -.3 1996 1,063.9 8.8 8.1 90.5 -82.4 -17.5 1997 1,089.9 8.1 7.5 83.5 -76.1 -11.3 1998 1,117.5 8.7 8.7 78.0 -69.3 24.2 1999 1,100.4 8.7 9.1 58.5 -49.4 24.0 2000 1,073.6 9.1 12.5 58.5 -46.0 -48.3 2001 11,127.7 10.1 19.8 48.7 -28.9 41.6 2002 1,094.3 9.1 16.9 39.6 -22.7 10.2 2003 1,071.8 10.0 25.0 43.0 -18.0 -26.7 2004 1,112.1 11.3 27.3 48.0 -20.7 -11.5 2005 1,131.5 13.4 30.5 49.9 -19.5 -9.7 2006 1,162.7 14.4 36.2 49.6 -13.4 42.6 2007 R1,146.6 14.1 36.3 59.2 -22.8 R5.8 2008P 1,171.5 13.7 34.2 81.5 -47.3 6.4 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coalsupplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.

6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of s

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal Suppl

Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power PEIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • Report," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quaforward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 20• 1949-2001—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Cforward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2008 7.4. Stock Change: Table 7.5. Losses and Unaccounted for
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2008

Total By RankBy Mining Method By Location208 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Anthracite

Subbitum

1 Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969. Source: Table 7.2.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Million Short Tons

Bituminous

Coal

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons 1.2 billion short tons in 2008

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

300600900

Million Short Tons Surface

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Underground

Million Short TonsEast of the Mississippi

West of the Mississippi
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Rank Mining Method Location

Bituminous

Coal 1

Subbituminous

Coal Lignite Anthracite 1 Underground Surface 1

East of the 

Mississippi 1

1949 437.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 444.2 1950 516.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 524.4 1955 464.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 464.2 1960 415.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 413.0 1965 512.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 499.5 1970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 567.8 1971 521.3 22.2 8.7 8.7 277.2 283.7 509.9 1972 556.8 27.5 11.0 7.1 305.0 297.4 538.2 1973 543.5 33.9 14.3 6.8 300.1 298.5 522.1 1974 545.7 42.2 15.5 6.6 278.0 332.1 518.1 1975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 543.7 1976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 548.8 1977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 533.3 1978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 487.2 1979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 559.7 1980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 578.7 1981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 553.9 1982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 564.3 1983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 507.4 1984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 587.6 1985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 558.7 1986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 564.4 1987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 581.9 1988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 579.6 1989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 599.0 1990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 630.2 1991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 591.3 1992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 588.6 1993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 516.2 1994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 566.3 1995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 544.2 1996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 563.7 1997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 579.4 1998 640.6 385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 570.6 1999 601.7 406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 529.6 2000 574.3 409.2 85.6 4.6 373.7 700.0 507.5 2001 1611.3 434.4 80.0 11.9 380.6 1747.1 1528.8 2002 572.1 438.4 82.5 1.4 357.4 736.9 492.9 2003 541.5 442.6 86.4 1.3 352.8 719.0 469.2 2004 561.5 465.4 83.5 1.7 367.6 744.5 484.8 2005 571.2 474.7 83.9 1.7 368.6 762.9 493.8 2006 561.6 515.3 84.2 1.5 359.0 803.7 490.8 2007 R542.8 R523.7 R78.6 1.6 R351.8 R794.8 R478.2 2008 E559.4 E534.7 E75.7 E1.7 E357.6 E813.9 E493.1 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and

1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignit

1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Coal 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Report • 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal ProducCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2007—EIA• 2008—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2008 "Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Min7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Repo
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2008By Sector, 2008 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2008210 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-only

plants.

2 For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 7.3.

Residential, Commercial1,

and Transportation2

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons Electric Power3

(s) 3

77

1,042

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power3

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

(s) (s)

7

11 13

44

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

100

Percent

1949 2008
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Residential

Sector 1

Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electri

CHP 

3 Other 4 Total Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Total

Electricity

CHP Only 

5 Non-CHP 6 Total

1949 52.4 7 ( ) 64.1 64.1 91.4 8 ( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 84.0 1950 51.6 7 ( ) 63.0 63.0 104.0 8 ( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 91.9 1955 35.6 7 ( ) 32.9 32.9 107.7 8 ( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 143.8 1960 24.2 7 ( ) 16.8 16.8 81.4 8 ( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 176.7 1965 14.6 7 ( ) 11.0 11.0 95.3 8 ( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 .7 244.8 1970 9.0 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 96.5 8 ( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 .3 320.2 1971 7.4 7 ( ) 7.8 7.8 83.2 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 158.9 .2 327.3 1972 5.0 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 87.7 8 ( ) 72.9 72.9 160.6 .2 351.8 1973 4.1 7 ( ) 7.0 7.0 94.1 8 ( ) 68.0 68.0 162.1 .1 389.2 1974 3.7 7 ( ) 7.8 7.8 90.2 8 ( ) 64.9 64.9 155.1 .1 391.8 1975 2.8 7 ( ) 6.6 6.6 83.6 8 ( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 406.0 1976 2.6 7 ( ) 6.3 6.3 84.7 8 ( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 448.4 1977 2.5 7 ( ) 6.4 6.4 77.7 8 ( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 477.1 1978 2.2 7 ( ) 7.3 7.3 71.4 8 ( ) 63.1 63.1 134.5 8 ( ) 481.2 1979 1.7 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 77.4 8 ( ) 67.7 67.7 145.1 8 ( ) 527.1 1980 1.4 7 ( ) 5.1 5.1 66.7 8 ( ) 60.3 60.3 127.0 8 ( ) 569.3 1981 1.3 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 61.0 8 ( ) 67.4 67.4 128.4 8 ( ) 596.8 1982 1.4 7 ( ) 6.8 6.8 40.9 8 ( ) 64.1 64.1 105.0 8 ( ) 593.7 1983 1.4 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 37.0 8 ( ) 66.0 66.0 103.0 8 ( ) 625.2 1984 1.7 7 ( ) 7.4 7.4 44.0 8 ( ) 73.7 73.7 117.8 8 ( ) 664.4 1985 1.7 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 41.1 8 ( ) 75.4 75.4 116.4 8 ( ) 693.8 1986 1.8 7 ( ) 5.9 5.9 35.9 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 111.5 8 ( ) 685.1 1987 1.6 7 ( ) 5.3 5.3 37.0 8 ( ) 75.2 75.2 112.1 8 ( ) 717.9 1988 1.6 7 ( ) 5.6 5.6 41.9 8 ( ) 76.3 76.3 118.1 8 ( ) 758.4 1989 1.3 1.1 3.7 4.9 40.5 24.9 51.3 76.1 116.6 8 ( ) 767.4 1990 1.3 1.2 4.2 5.4 38.9 27.8 48.5 76.3 115.2 8 ( ) 774.2 1991 1.1 1.2 3.8 5.0 33.9 27.0 48.4 75.4 109.3 8 ( ) 773.2 1992 1.1 1.2 3.9 5.0 32.4 28.2 45.8 74.0 106.4 8 ( ) 781.2 1993 1.1 1.4 3.7 5.1 31.3 28.9 46.0 74.9 106.2 8 ( ) 816.6 1994 .9 1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 29.7 45.5 75.2 106.9 8 ( ) 821.2 1995 .8 1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 29.4 43.7 73.1 106.1 8 ( ) 832.9 1996 .7 1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 29.4 42.3 71.7 103.4 8 ( ) 878.8 1997 .7 1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 29.9 41.7 71.5 101.7 8 ( ) 904.2 1998 .5 1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 28.6 38.9 67.4 95.6 8 ( ) 920.4 1999 .6 1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 27.8 37.0 64.7 92.8 8 ( ) 924.7 2000 .5 1.5 2.1 3.7 28.9 28.0 37.2 65.2 94.1 8 ( ) 967.1 2001 .5 1.4 2.4 3.9 26.1 25.8 39.5 65.3 91.3 8 ( ) 946.1 2002 .5 1.4 2.5 3.9 23.7 26.2 34.5 60.7 84.4 8 ( ) 960.1 2003 .6 1.8 1.9 3.7 24.2 24.8 36.4 61.3 85.5 8 ( ) 983.5 2004 .5 1.9 2.7 4.6 23.7 26.6 35.6 62.2 85.9 8 ( ) 994.8 2005 .4 1.9 2.4 4.3 23.4 25.9 34.5 60.3 83.8 8 ( ) 1,015.6 2006 .3 1.9 1.1 R2.9 23.0 25.3 34.2 59.5 82.4 8 ( ) 1,004.8 2007 R.4 1.9 R1.2 R3.2 22.7 R22.5 R34.1 R56.6 R79.3 8 ( ) R1,022.8 2008P .4 2.1 1.0 3.2 22.1 23.6 31.0 54.5 76.6 8 ( ) 1,019.0 

1 See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.

4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 5 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP." 7 Included in "Commercial Other." 8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Notes: • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c

for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. • 

section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into E• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.

8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: • 1949-1975—Bure"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania AInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, CoaCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. • 1979 and Coal Report. • 1981-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (Q• 2002 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2008 (April 2009
Figure 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2008 By Selected Country, 2008By Selected Country, 1960-2008212 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 7.4.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

lands

23.0

7.0 6.4 5.8

Canada Nether- Brazil United F

05

10152025

Million Short Tons

Kingdom

Total

Europe

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

102030

Million Short Tons Netherlands Canad

Japan
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Canada Brazil

Europe

Belgium 

1 Denmark France Germany 2 Italy

Netherlands Spain Turkey United Kingdom Other Total

1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 NA – 2.4 17.1 1961 12.1 1.0 1.0 .1 .7 4.3 4.8 2.6 .2 NA – 2.0 15.7 1962 12.3 1.3 1.3 (s) .9 5.1 6.0 3.3 .8 NA (s) 1.8 19.1 1963 14.6 1.2 2.7 (s) 2.7 5.6 7.9 5.0 1.5 NA – 2.4 27.7 1964 14.8 1.1 2.3 (s) 2.2 5.2 8.1 4.2 1.4 NA – 2.6 26.0 1965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 NA (s) 2.3 25.1 1966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 NA (s) 2.5 23.1 1967 15.8 1.7 1.4 – 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 NA – 2.1 19.4 1968 17.1 1.8 1.1 – 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 NA – 1.9 15.5 1969 17.3 1.8 .9 – 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 NA – 1.3 15.2 1970 19.1 2.0 1.9 – 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 NA (s) 1.8 21.8 1971 18.0 1.9 .8 – 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 NA 1.7 1.1 16.6 1972 18.7 1.9 1.1 – 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 NA 2.4 1.1 16.9 1973 16.7 1.6 1.2 – 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 NA .9 1.3 14.4 1974 14.2 1.3 1.1 – 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 NA 1.4 .9 16.1 1975 17.3 2.0 .6 – 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 NA 1.9 1.6 19.0 1976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 NA .8 2.1 19.9 1977 17.7 2.3 1.5 .1 2.1 .9 4.1 2.0 1.6 NA .6 2.1 15.0 1978 15.7 1.5 1.1 – 1.7 .6 3.2 1.1 .8 NA .4 2.2 11.0 1979 19.5 2.8 3.2 .2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 NA 1.4 4.4 23.9 1980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 NA 4.1 6.0 41.9 1981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 .6 2.3 8.2 57.0 1982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 1.6 2.0 6.0 51.3 1983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.6 1.2 4.7 33.1 1984 20.4 4.7 3.9 .6 3.8 .9 7.6 5.5 2.3 1.5 2.9 3.9 32.8 1985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.2 2.7 8.1 45.1 1986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 .8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.4 2.9 5.9 42.6 1987 16.2 5.8 4.6 .9 2.9 .5 9.5 4.1 2.5 .8 2.6 5.8 34.2 1988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 .7 11.1 5.1 2.5 2.0 3.7 6.4 45.1 1989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 .7 11.2 6.1 3.3 1.7 4.5 7.2 51.6 1990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 2.1 5.2 7.4 58.4 1991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 2.2 6.2 8.2 65.5 1992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 2.0 5.6 6.6 57.3 1993 8.9 5.2 5.2 .3 4.0 .5 6.9 5.6 4.1 1.6 4.1 5.3 37.6 1994 9.2 5.5 4.9 .5 2.9 .3 7.5 4.9 4.1 1.3 3.4 6.0 35.8 1995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 2.0 4.7 8.7 48.6 1996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 2.2 6.2 7.7 47.2 1997 15.0 7.5 4.3 .4 3.4 .9 7.0 4.8 4.1 2.1 7.2 7.1 41.3 1998 20.7 6.5 3.2 .3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 1.6 5.9 5.3 33.8 1999 19.8 4.4 2.1 – 2.5 .6 4.0 3.4 2.5 .8 3.2 3.5 22.5 2000 18.8 4.5 2.9 .1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 1.8 3.3 3.9 25.0 2001 17.6 4.6 2.8 – 2.2 .9 5.4 2.1 1.6 .9 2.5 2.4 20.8 2002 16.7 3.5 2.4 – 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.9 .6 1.9 1.8 15.6 2003 20.8 3.5 1.8 .3 1.3 .5 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.1 15.1 2004 17.8 4.4 1.7 .1 1.1 .6 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.3 15.2 2005 19.5 4.2 2.1 .1 1.3 .7 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 4.1 18.8 2006 19.9 4.5 2.2 .4 1.6 1.7 3.3 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.6 4.2 20.8 2007 18.4 6.5 2.1 .1 2.4 2.3 3.5 4.6 1.5 1.4 3.4 5.8 27.1 2008P 23.0 6.4 3.1 .4 3.5 2.5 3.2 7.0 2.4 1.9 5.8 10.6 40.3 

1 Through 1999, includes Luxembourg. 2 Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for

Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

P=Preliminary. NA = Not Available. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: • 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, 

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. • 1989-2000—Energy InfoAnnual, annual reports. • 2001 forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rand U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Mon
Figure 7.5 Coal Stocks

Total and Electric Power Sector Stocks, 1949-2008 By Holding Entity, 2008By Holding Entity, 1949-2008214 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: Stocks are at end of year. Source: Table 7.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250

Million Short Tons

Power Sector1 

Total

Electric

Power 

Sector1

and Distributors

163

27

Electric Producers 

0

255075

100125150175

Million Short Tons

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Electric Power Sector1

In

Producers and 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Producers

and

Distributors

Consumers

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 2 

1 Total

1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.0 3 ( ) 22.1 1950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.0 3 ( ) 31.8 1955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.3 3 ( ) 41.4 1960 NA .7 11.1 11.6 22.8 3 ( ) 51.7 1965 NA .4 10.6 13.1 23.8 3 ( ) 54.5 1970 NA .3 9.0 11.8 20.8 3 ( ) 71.9 1971 NA .3 7.3 5.6 12.9 3 ( ) 77.8 1972 NA .3 9.1 7.6 16.7 3 ( ) 99.7 1973 12.5 .3 7.0 10.4 17.4 3 ( ) 87.0 1974 11.6 .3 6.2 6.6 12.8 3 ( ) 83.5 1975 12.1 .2 8.8 8.5 17.3 3 ( ) 110.7 1976 14.2 .2 9.9 7.1 17.0 3 ( ) 117.4 1977 14.2 .2 12.8 11.1 23.9 3 ( ) 133.2 1978 20.7 .4 8.3 9.0 17.3 NA 128.2 1979 20.8 .3 10.2 11.8 21.9 NA 159.7 1980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 NA 183.0 1981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 NA 168.9 1982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 NA 181.1 1983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 NA 155.6 1984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 NA 179.7 1985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 NA 156.4 1986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 NA 161.8 1987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 NA 170.8 1988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 NA 146.5 1989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 NA 135.9 1990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 NA 156.2 1991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 NA 157.9 1992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 NA 154.1 1993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 NA 111.3 1994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 NA 126.9 1995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 NA 126.3 1996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 NA 114.6 1997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 NA 98.8 1998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 NA 120.5 1999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 NA 141.6 2000 31.9 NA 1.5 4.6 6.1 NA 102.3 2001 35.9 NA 1.5 6.0 7.5 NA 138.5 2002 43.3 NA 1.4 5.8 7.2 NA 141.7 2003 38.3 NA .9 4.7 5.6 NA 121.6 2004 41.2 NA 1.3 4.8 6.2 NA 106.7 2005 35.0 NA 2.6 5.6 8.2 NA 101.1 2006 36.5 NA 2.9 6.5 9.4 NA 141.0 2007 R34.0 NA 1.9 5.6 7.6 NA R151.2 2008P E27.3 .5 2.3 6.0 8.3 NA 163.1 

1 Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in

1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.

2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1998, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Included in "Industrial Sector Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Electric Power Sector: Table 8.8. All Other 

Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "C• 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal RWeekly Coal Report. • 1980-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rreports. • 2002 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2008 (A
Figure 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity

Total, 1949-2008 Mining Methods, 2008 LocatiMining Method,1 1949-2008 By Region and Mining Method, 2008216 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.

Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

Source: Table 7.6.

05

101520

Short Tons per Employee Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Employee Hour

3.17

9.82

Underground Surface

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour 1.77 in 1978 5.99 in 2008

Peak: 6.99 in 2000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour 2.89 3.58 

Underground Surface Und

06

12

1824

Short Tons per Employee Hour

Surface

Underground

 East of Mississippi 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Short Tons per Employee Hour 1

)

Year

Mining Method Location 

Underground Surface 2 

East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 

Underground Surface 2 Total 2 Underground Surface 2 

1949 30.68 31.92 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 3.72 31.96 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 31.04 32.65 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 31.33 32.91 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 31.75 34.10 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 31.72 34.53 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 31.50 34.49 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 31.49 34.54 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 31.46 34.58 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 31.41 34.74 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 31.19 33.26 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 31.14 33.25 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 31.09 33.16 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 31.04 33.03 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA 1982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA 1983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA 1984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 1985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 1986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 1987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 1988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 1989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 1990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 1991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 1992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 1993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 1994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 1995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 1996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 1997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 1998 3.90 9.58 3.69 4.31 3.89 6.76 18.82 1999 3.99 10.39 3.74 4.48 3.97 7.45 19.57 2000 4.15 11.01 3.89 4.82 4.18 7.66 20.04 2001 4.02 210.58 3.71 24.53 23.98 8.39 220.63 2002 3.98 10.36 3.67 4.22 3.86 7.80 20.67 2003 4.04 10.75 3.68 4.18 3.85 8.33 21.42 2004 3.96 10.55 3.59 3.95 3.72 8.22 22.04 2005 3.62 10.03 3.28 3.75 3.44 7.48 21.98 2006 3.37 10.18 3.06 3.74 3.29 6.62 22.26 2007 R3.34 R10.24 R3.03 R3.74 R3.27 R6.52 R22.35 2008P 3.17 9.82 2.89 3.58 3.13 6.08 21.82 

1 Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 for

anthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee day—these data were converted to shorttons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated bydividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginningin 1998, the calculation also includes office workers. 2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 3 Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy InfReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pe1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignit1978 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. • Production—1979. • 1980-1988—EIA, Coal Production, annuaAnnual, annual reports. • 2001-2007—EIA, Annual Coal RepEIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of LabForm 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production 
Figure 7.7 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2008Overview, 2008 Trade, 1949-2008218 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 7.7.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Million Short Tons

Consumption

Production

15.6

3.6

2.0

17.0

Production Imports Exports Consumption

05

101520

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Million Short Tons 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production

Trade

Stock Change 2 

Imports Exports Net Imports 1

1949 63.6 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.2 1950 72.7 .4 .4 (s) -.7 1955 75.3 .1 .5 -.4 -1.2 1960 57.2 .1 .4 -.2 .1 1965 66.9 .1 .8 -.7 .7 1970 66.5 .2 2.5 -2.3 1.0 1971 57.4 .2 1.5 -1.3 -.6 1972 60.5 .2 1.2 -1.0 -.6 1973 64.3 1.1 1.4 -.3 -1.7 1974 61.6 3.5 1.3 2.3 -.2 1975 57.2 1.8 1.3 .5 4.1 1976 58.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 1.5 1977 53.5 1.8 1.2 .6 (s) 1978 49.0 5.7 .7 5.0 -2.9 1979 52.9 4.0 1.4 2.5 1.7 1980 46.1 .7 2.1 -1.4 3.4 1981 42.8 .5 1.2 -.6 -1.9 1982 28.1 .1 1.0 -.9 1.5 1983 25.8 (s) .7 -.6 -4.7 1984 30.4 .6 1.0 -.5 .2 1985 28.4 .6 1.1 -.5 -1.2 1986 24.9 .3 1.0 -.7 -.5 1987 26.3 .9 .6 .3 -1.0 1988 28.9 2.7 1.1 1.6 .5 1989 28.0 2.3 1.1 1.2 .3 1990 27.6 .8 .6 .2 (s) 1991 24.0 1.2 .8 .4 .2 1992 23.4 2.1 .7 1.4 -.2 1993 23.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 -.4 1994 22.7 3.3 1.0 2.4 -.5 1995 23.7 3.8 1.4 2.5 .4 1996 23.1 2.5 1.6 .9 (s) 1997 22.1 3.1 1.3 1.9 (s) 1998 20.0 3.8 1.1 2.7 -.4 1999 20.0 3.2 .9 2.3 -.1 2000 20.8 3.8 1.1 2.6 .2 2001 18.9 2.5 1.3 1.2 -.1 2002 16.8 3.2 .8 2.5 -.4 2003 17.2 2.8 .7 2.0 -.2 2004 16.9 6.9 1.3 5.6 (s) 2005 16.7 3.5 1.7 1.8 .3 2006 16.4 4.1 1.6 2.5 .1 2007 16.2 2.5 1.4 1.0 -.1 2008P 15.6 3.6 2.0 1.6 .3 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a

positive value indicates an increase.

3 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

• 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energannual reports. • 1981-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (Q• 2002 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2008 (April 2009
Figure 7.8 Coal Prices

Total, 1949-2008By Type, 1949-2008 By Type, 2008220 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

204060

Chained (2000) Dollars1 per Short Ton

Anthracite

Lignite

Subbituminous Coal

Peak

1975: $50.92

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

Chained (2000) Dollars1 per Short Ton51.45 51.02 16.40 

Bituminous Anthracite Lignite 

0

102030405060

Nominal Dollars2 per Short Ton

Coal 

Bituminous Coal

1 Calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Source: Table 7.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Dollars per Short Ton)

Year

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 1 Anthracite 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 44.90 429.97 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.37 14.49 8.90 54.43 1950 44.86 429.40 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.41 14.58 9.34 56.50 1955 44.51 424.06 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.38 12.70 8.00 42.68 1960 44.71 422.38 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.29 10.88 8.01 38.07 1965 44.45 419.75 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.13 9.45 8.51 37.76 1970 46.30 422.88 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1.86 6.76 11.03 40.06 1971 47.13 424.66 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1.93 6.68 12.08 41.78 1972 47.78 425.79 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.04 6.76 12.40 41.11 1973 48.71 427.35 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.09 6.56 13.65 42.86 1974 416.01 446.11 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.19 6.31 22.19 63.90 1975 419.79 452.08 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.17 8.34 32.26 84.89 1976 420.11 450.03 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.74 9.30 33.92 84.39 1977 420.59 448.16 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4.03 9.43 34.86 81.54 1978 422.64 449.48 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 5.68 12.41 35.25 77.04 1979 27.31 55.12 9.55 19.27 6.48 13.08 41.06 82.87 1980 29.17 53.98 11.08 20.50 7.60 14.06 42.51 78.66 1981 31.51 53.30 12.18 20.60 8.85 14.97 44.28 74.90 1982 32.15 51.25 13.37 21.31 9.79 15.61 49.85 79.47 1983 31.11 47.71 13.03 19.98 9.91 15.20 52.29 80.19 1984 30.63 45.27 12.41 18.34 10.45 15.45 48.22 71.27 1985 30.78 44.15 12.57 18.03 10.68 15.32 45.80 65.70 1986 28.84 40.48 12.26 17.21 10.64 14.93 44.12 61.92 1987 28.19 38.51 11.32 15.47 10.85 14.82 43.65 59.63 1988 27.66 36.54 10.45 13.81 10.06 13.29 44.16 58.34 1989 27.40 34.88 10.16 12.93 9.91 12.62 42.93 54.65 1990 27.43 33.62 9.70 11.89 10.13 12.42 39.40 48.29 1991 27.49 32.55 9.68 11.46 10.89 12.90 36.34 43.03 1992 26.78 31.00 9.68 11.21 10.81 12.51 34.24 39.64 1993 26.15 29.59 9.33 10.56 11.11 12.57 32.94 37.27 1994 25.68 28.45 8.37 9.27 10.77 11.93 36.07 39.96 1995 25.56 27.75 8.10 8.79 10.83 11.76 39.78 43.19 1996 25.17 26.82 7.87 8.39 10.92 11.64 36.78 39.19 1997 24.64 25.82 7.42 7.78 10.91 11.43 35.12 36.81 1998 24.87 25.78 6.96 7.21 11.08 11.49 42.91 44.48 1999 23.92 24.44 6.87 7.02 11.04 11.28 35.13 35.90 2000 24.15 24.15 7.12 7.12 11.41 11.41 40.90 40.90 2001 25.36 24.77 6.67 6.51 11.52 11.25 47.67 46.55 2002 26.57 25.50 7.34 7.05 11.07 10.63 47.78 45.86 2003 26.73 25.12 7.73 7.26 11.20 10.53 49.87 46.87 2004 30.56 27.92 8.12 7.42 12.27 11.21 39.77 36.33 2005 36.80 R32.56 8.68 7.68 13.49 R11.93 41.00 R36.27 2006 39.32 R33.70 9.95 R8.53 14.00 R12.00 43.61 R37.38 2007 R40.80 R34.05 R10.69 R8.92 14.89 R12.43 R52.24 R43.60 2008E 51.45 42.03 11.74 9.59 16.40 13.40 51.02 41.68 

1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977

and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.

2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point

of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals 

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal—Bituminous Yearbook. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, BiMine Operations, and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1979Report, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1980-1992—• 1993-2000—EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and uAnnual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2008—EIA, Form EIDepartment of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Fand Coal Production Report."
Coal

Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminouscoal, subbituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarilyfrom consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electricpower companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based on consumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Data on coal consumption by the residential and commercialsectors are based on distribution data obtained annually from coal distributors. Includedin each sector’s data are the following: Residential and Commercial Sectors—retaildealer sales to households and small commercial establishments; IndustrialSector—consumption at manufacturing plants, large commercial establishments,coking plants, and by agriculture, mining (other than coal mining), and constructionindustries; Transportation Sector—sales to railroads and for vessel bunkering; ElectricPower Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)—consumption forelectricity generation and useful thermal output at electricity-only and CHP plantswithin the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Coconsumption by the residential and commercial secInformation Administration (EIA) for the two sectoramount consumed by the sectors individually. To assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing unit crate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then, for the years the number of occupied housing units by heatin1973–1981, and subsequent odd-numbered yearsconsumption of coal is estimated by the following number of occupied housing units heated by coal to heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btthe residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btu the residential sector; and, finally, the amount estimconsumption is subtracted from the residential and consumption to derive the commercial sector’s estimshare is applied to 1949, and the other missing years’ 

222 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Electricity

8

High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 8.0 Electricity Flow, 2008

(Quadrillion Btu)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

3 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram by

subtracting the “T & D Losses” estimate from “T & D Losses and Unaccounted for” derived fromTable 8.1.

4 Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of

generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated a

6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) prod

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in dirprocess located within the same facility or group of facil

ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • See Note, “Elect

end of Section 2. • Values are derived from source d

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Sources: Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 4), a

Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview

Overview, 2008 Electricity Trade, 1949-2008Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2008(Billion Kilowatthours)226 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy

service providers.

3 See Table 8.1, footnote 8.

4 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses th

generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electhe end of Section 2.

5 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.

3,967

8 136 57 24

3,722

151

Electric Com- Indus- Imports Exports Retail Direct

0

1,5003,0004,500

Billion Kilowatthours

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Kilowatthours Imports

Sales2 Use3

Exports

Power1 mercial trial

Net Generation Trade End Use
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Net Generation Trade

T & D Losses 5

and

Unaccounted

for 6

Electric Power

Sector 2

Commercial

Sector 3

Industrial

Sector 4 Total

Imports 1 Exports 1 Net Imports 1

S

From Canada Total To Canada Total Total 

1949 291 NA 5 296 NA 2 NA (s) 2 43 1950 329 NA 5 334 NA 2 NA (s) 2 44 1955 547 NA 3 550 NA 5 NA (s) 4 58 1960 756 NA 4 759 NA 5 NA 1 5 76 1965 1,055 NA 3 1,058 NA 4 NA 4 (s) 104 1970 1,532 NA 3 1,535 NA 6 NA 4 2 145 1971 1,613 NA 3 1,616 NA 7 NA 4 4 150 1972 1,750 NA 3 1,753 NA 10 NA 3 8 166 1973 1,861 NA 3 1,864 NA 17 NA 3 14 165 1974 1,867 NA 3 1,870 NA 15 NA 3 13 177 1975 1,918 NA 3 1,921 NA 11 NA 5 6 180 1976 2,038 NA 3 2,041 NA 11 NA 2 9 194 1977 2,124 NA 3 2,127 NA 20 NA 3 17 197 1978 2,206 NA 3 2,209 NA 21 NA 1 20 211 1979 2,247 NA 3 2,251 NA 23 NA 2 20 200 1980 2,286 NA 3 2,290 NA 25 NA 4 21 216 1981 2,295 NA 3 2,298 NA 36 NA 3 33 184 1982 2,241 NA 3 2,244 NA 33 NA 4 29 187 1983 2,310 NA 3 2,313 NA 39 NA 3 35 198 1984 2,416 NA 3 2,419 NA 42 NA 3 40 173 1985 2,470 NA 3 2,473 NA 46 NA 5 41 190 1986 2,487 NA 3 2,490 NA 41 NA 5 36 158 1987 2,572 NA 3 2,575 NA 52 NA 6 46 164 1988 2,704 NA 3 2,707 NA 39 NA 7 32 161 1989 22,848 4 4115 2,967 NA 26 NA 15 11 R222 1990 2,901 6 131 3,038 16 18 16 16 2 203 1991 2,936 6 133 3,074 20 22 2 2 20 207 1992 2,934 6 143 3,084 26 28 2 3 25 212 1993 3,044 7 146 3,197 29 31 3 4 28 224 1994 3,089 8 151 3,248 45 47 1 2 45 211 1995 3,194 8 151 3,353 41 43 2 4 39 229 1996 3,284 9 151 3,444 42 43 2 3 40 231 1997 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 43 7 9 34 224 1998 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 40 12 14 26 221 1999 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 43 13 14 29 240 2000 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 49 13 15 34 244 2001 3,580 7 149 3,737 38 39 16 16 22 202 2002 3,698 7 153 3,858 37 37 15 16 21 248 2003 3,721 7 155 3,883 29 30 24 24 6 228 2004 3,808 8 154 3,971 33 34 22 23 11 266 2005 3,902 8 145 4,055 43 45 19 20 25 269 2006 3,908 8 148 4,065 42 43 23 24 18 266 2007 R4,005 R8 R143 R4,157 50 51 20 20 31 R264 R2008P 3,967 8 136 4,110 56 57 23 24 33 271 

1 Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data

are for industrial hydroelectric power only.

5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and

delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.

6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy

service providers. 8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by 

power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service ofacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and 

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equrounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2008 By Source Category, 2008 By Source, 2008By Major Sources, 1949-2008228 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, solar thermal and photovolatic,

batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, puchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

2 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

2.9

0.8

0.4

Fossil Nuclear Renewable

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours 

20%

6%

21%

Total 5%

 (All Sectors) Natural

Gas

Other1

Electric Power

Hydroelectric

Power2

Nuclear

Electric Power

Fuels

Commercial and Industrial

Electric

Power

Energy

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Nuclear Electric

Power

Petroleum and

Natural Gas

Hydroelectri
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2008 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2008

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels. 2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, andtire-derived fuels).

— = No data reported.(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.

4.0

0.1 (s)

Electric Power Industrial Commercial

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1989 1992 1995 1998 

0

1

2

345

Trillion KilowatthoursElectricity

Combined-Heat-and

4

(ss) 1 (—) (ss) (ss) 

74

28

17

8

3 2 1 

Natural Gas Wood Coal Other Gases1 Petroleum Conventional W

0

306090

Billion Kilowatthours

Industrial Commercial

Hydroelectric

Power
230 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind 

7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA N1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 100.9 .4 NA NA NA N1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 116.2 .3 NA NA NA N1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 149.4 .1 NA (s) NA N1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 197.0 .3 NA .2 NA N1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 251.0 .1 .2 .5 NA N1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 6 ( ) 269.5 .1 .2 .5 NA N1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 6 ( ) 275.9 .1 .2 1.5 NA N1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 6 ( ) 275.4 .1 .2 2.0 NA N1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 6 ( ) 304.2 .1 .2 2.5 NA N1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 303.2 (s) .2 3.2 NA N1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 286.9 .1 .2 3.6 NA N1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 223.6 .3 .2 3.6 NA N1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 283.5 .2 .1 3.0 NA N1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 283.1 .3 .2 3.9 NA N1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 279.2 .3 .2 5.1 NA N1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 263.8 .2 .1 5.7 NA N1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 312.4 .2 .1 4.8 NA N1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 335.3 .2 .2 6.1 NA (1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 324.3 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 284.3 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 294.0 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 252.9 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 226.1 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (198911 1,583.8 R164.4 352.6 7.9 R2,108.6 529.4 6 ( ) 272.0 27.2 9.2 14.6 .3 21990 1,594.0 R126.5 372.8 10.4 R2,103.6 576.9 -3.5 292.9 32.5 13.3 15.4 .4 21991 1,590.6 119.8 381.6 11.3 2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 289.0 33.7 15.7 16.0 .5 31992 1,621.2 100.2 404.1 13.3 2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 36.5 17.8 16.1 .4 21993 1,690.1 112.8 414.9 13.0 2,230.7 610.3 -4.0 280.5 37.6 18.3 16.8 .5 31994 1,690.7 105.9 460.2 13.3 2,270.1 640.4 -3.4 260.1 37.9 19.1 15.5 .5 31995 1,709.4 74.6 496.1 13.9 2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 310.8 36.5 20.4 13.4 .5 31996 1,795.2 81.4 455.1 14.4 2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 347.2 36.8 20.9 14.3 .5 31997 1,845.0 92.6 479.4 13.4 2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 356.5 36.9 21.7 14.7 .5 31998 1,873.5 128.8 531.3 13.5 2,547.1 673.7 -4.5 323.3 36.3 22.4 14.8 .5 31999 1,881.1 118.1 556.4 14.1 2,569.7 728.3 -6.1 319.5 37.0 22.6 14.8 .5 42000 1,966.3 111.2 601.0 14.0 2,692.5 753.9 -5.5 275.6 37.6 23.1 14.1 .5 52001 1,904.0 124.9 639.1 9.0 2,677.0 768.8 -8.8 217.0 35.2 14.5 13.7 .5 62002 1,933.1 94.6 691.0 11.5 2,730.2 780.1 -8.7 264.3 38.7 15.0 14.5 .6 102003 1,973.7 119.4 649.9 15.6 2,758.6 763.7 -8.5 275.8 37.5 15.8 14.4 .5 112004 R1,978.3 R121.1 R710.1 R15.3 R2,824.8 788.5 -8.5 268.4 R38.1 R15.4 14.8 .6 142005 R2,012.9 R122.2 R761.0 R13.5 R2,909.5 782.0 -6.6 270.3 R38.9 R15.4 14.7 .6 172006 R1,990.5 R64.2 R816.4 R14.2 R2,885.3 787.2 -6.6 289.2 R38.8 16.1 14.6 .5 262007 R2,016.5 65.7 R896.6 R13.5 R2,992.2 R806.4 R-6.9 R247.5 R39.0 R16.5 R14.6 .6 R342008P 1,994.4 45.4 876.9 11.6 2,928.3 806.2 -6.2 248.1 38.8 17.1 14.9 .8 52

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste 

fuels).

11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for elec

1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Begindependent power producers, commercial plants, and industria

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less thaNotes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at 

of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectri

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector

forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind 

7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA N1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 95.9 .4 NA NA NA N1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 113.0 .3 NA NA NA N1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 145.8 .1 NA (s) NA N1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 193.9 .3 NA .2 NA N1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 247.7 .1 .2 .5 NA N1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 6 ( ) 266.3 .1 .2 .5 NA N1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 6 ( ) 272.6 .1 .2 1.5 NA N1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 6 ( ) 272.1 .1 .2 2.0 NA N1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 6 ( ) 301.0 .1 .2 2.5 NA N1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 300.0 (s) .2 3.2 NA N1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 283.7 .1 .2 3.6 NA N1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 220.5 .3 .2 3.6 NA N1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 280.4 .2 .1 3.0 NA N1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 279.8 .3 .2 3.9 NA N1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 276.0 .3 .2 5.1 NA N1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 260.7 .2 .1 5.7 NA N1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 309.2 .2 .1 4.8 NA N1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 332.1 .2 .2 6.1 NA (1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 321.2 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 281.1 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 290.8 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 249.7 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 222.9 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (198911 1,562.4 159.0 297.3 .5 2,019.1 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 5.6 7.7 14.6 .3 21990 1,572.1 118.9 309.5 .6 2,001.1 576.9 -3.5 289.8 7.0 11.5 15.4 .4 21991 1,568.8 112.8 317.8 .7 2,000.1 612.6 -4.5 286.0 7.7 13.9 16.0 .5 31992 1,597.7 92.2 334.3 1.2 2,025.4 618.8 -4.2 250.0 8.5 15.9 16.1 .4 21993 1,665.5 105.4 342.2 1.0 2,114.1 610.3 -4.0 277.5 9.2 16.2 16.8 .5 31994 1,666.3 98.7 385.7 1.1 2,151.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 9.2 17.0 15.5 .5 31995 1,686.1 68.1 419.2 1.9 2,175.3 673.4 -2.7 305.4 7.6 18.0 13.4 .5 31996 1,772.0 74.8 378.8 1.3 2,226.9 674.7 -3.1 341.2 8.4 17.8 14.3 .5 31997 1,820.8 86.5 399.6 1.5 2,308.4 628.6 -4.0 350.6 8.7 18.5 14.7 .5 31998 1,850.2 122.2 449.3 2.3 2,424.0 673.7 -4.5 317.9 8.6 19.2 14.8 .5 31999 1,858.6 111.5 473.0 1.6 2,444.8 728.3 -6.1 314.7 9.0 19.5 14.8 .5 42000 1,943.1 105.2 518.0 2.0 2,568.3 753.9 -5.5 271.3 8.9 20.3 14.1 .5 52001 1,882.8 119.1 554.9 .6 2,557.5 768.8 -8.8 213.7 8.3 12.9 13.7 .5 62002 1,910.6 89.7 607.7 2.0 2,610.0 780.1 -8.7 260.5 9.0 13.1 14.5 .6 102003 1,952.7 113.7 567.3 2.6 2,636.4 763.7 -8.5 271.5 9.5 13.8 14.4 .5 112004 1,957.2 114.7 R627.2 R3.6 R2,702.6 788.5 -8.5 265.1 9.7 13.1 14.8 .6 142005 1,992.1 R116.5 R683.8 R3.8 2,796.1 782.0 -6.6 267.0 10.6 13.0 14.7 .6 172006 R1,969.7 R59.7 734.4 R4.3 2,768.1 787.2 -6.6 286.3 10.3 13.9 14.6 .5 262007 R1,998.4 R61.3 R814.8 R4.0 R2,878.5 R806.4 R-6.9 R245.8 R10.7 R14.3 R14.6 .6 R342008P 1,976.2 42.3 798.6 3.2 2,820.2 806.2 -6.2 246.1 10.9 14.9 14.9 .8 52

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-o

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is the public. • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CH"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information AdministratPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EReport," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator RepoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2Operations Report."
232 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2008

 (Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind 

7 Waste 8

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 – 1,979.3 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 4.2 6.9 14.6 0.3 21990 1,560.2 117.6 264.7 (s) 1,942.4 576.9 -3.5 289.8 5.6 10.4 15.4 .4 21991 1,551.9 112.2 267.8 (s) 1,931.9 612.6 -4.5 286.0 6.0 12.2 16.0 .5 31992 1,577.1 90.1 270.9 (s) 1,938.0 618.8 -4.2 250.0 6.6 14.4 16.1 .4 21993 1,642.1 100.6 267.2 (s) 2,009.9 610.3 -4.0 277.5 7.2 14.9 16.8 .5 31994 1,639.9 92.1 299.7 (s) 2,031.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 7.6 15.4 15.5 .5 31995 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 .5 31996 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 .5 31997 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 .5 31998 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 .1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 .5 31999 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 .5 42000 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 .2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 .5 52001 1,851.8 113.2 427.0 (s) 2,392.0 768.8 -8.8 213.7 6.6 11.3 13.7 .5 62002 1,881.2 83.3 456.8 .2 2,421.5 780.1 -8.7 260.5 7.3 11.2 14.5 .6 102003 1,915.8 108.5 421.2 .3 2,445.7 763.7 -8.5 271.5 7.4 11.9 14.4 .5 112004 1,921.1 109.4 491.2 .4 2,522.0 788.5 -8.5 265.1 8.1 11.8 14.8 .6 142005 1,955.5 111.2 553.2 (s) 2,619.9 782.0 -6.6 267.0 8.5 11.7 14.7 .6 172006 1,933.7 55.2 618.0 (s) 2,607.0 787.2 -6.6 286.2 8.3 12.5 14.6 .5 262007 R1,962.0 R56.9 R686.3 .1 R2,705.3 R806.4 R-6.9 R245.8 R8.7 R12.9 R14.6 .6 R342008P 1,938.7 38.8 681.7 (s) 2,659.3 806.2 -6.2 246.1 8.8 13.5 14.9 .8 52

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 – – – 1.3 0.9 – – – 1990 11.9 1.3 44.8 .6 58.7 – – – 1.4 1.1 – – – 1991 16.9 .6 50.0 .7 68.2 – – – 1.7 1.6 – – – 1992 20.7 2.2 63.4 1.2 87.4 – – – 1.9 1.5 – – – 1993 23.4 4.8 75.0 1.0 104.2 – – – 2.0 1.4 – – – 1994 26.4 6.6 86.0 1.1 120.1 – – – 1.6 1.6 – – – 1995 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 1996 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 – – – 1.9 1.7 – – – 1997 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 – – – 2.2 2.1 – – – 1998 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 – – – 2.0 2.3 – – – 1999 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 – – – 1.7 2.4 – – – 2000 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 – – – 1.6 2.7 – – – 2001 31.0 6.0 128.0 .6 165.5 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 2002 29.4 6.5 150.9 1.7 188.5 – – – 1.7 2.0 – – – 2003 36.9 5.2 146.1 2.4 190.6 – – – 2.1 1.9 – – – 2004 36.1 5.3 R136.0 R3.2 R180.6 – – – 1.6 R1.3 – – – 2005 36.5 R5.3 R130.7 R3.8 176.2 – – (s) 2.1 1.3 – – – 2006 R36.0 R4.5 R116.4 R4.2 161.1 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 2007 R36.4 R4.4 R128.4 R3.9 R173.2 – – (s) 2.0 R1.4 – – – 2008P 37.5 3.5 116.8 3.2 161.0 – – (s) 2.1 1.4 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility comb

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include eleunder "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less Notes: • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CH

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification oend of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Ann• 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 20Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Pla"Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothemal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind 

6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 – – 0.1 0.1 0.5 – – – 1990 .8 .6 3.3 .1 4.8 – – .1 .1 .8 – – – 1991 .8 .4 3.2 .1 4.5 – – .1 .1 .9 – – – 1992 .7 .3 3.9 .1 5.0 – – .1 .1 1.0 – – – 1993 .9 .3 4.5 .1 5.8 – – .1 .1 1.0 – – – 1994 .8 .4 4.9 .1 6.3 – – .1 .1 1.2 – – – 1995 1.0 .4 5.2 – 6.5 – – .1 .1 1.5 – – – 1996 1.1 .4 5.2 (s) 6.7 – – .1 .1 2.2 – – – 1997 1.0 .4 4.7 (s) 6.2 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 1998 1.0 .4 4.9 (s) 6.3 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 1999 1.0 .4 4.6 (s) 6.0 – – .1 (s) 2.4 – – – 2000 1.1 .4 4.3 (s) 5.8 – – .1 (s) 2.0 – – – 2001 1.0 .4 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.0 – – – 2002 1.0 .4 4.3 (s) 5.7 – – (s) (s) 1.1 – – – 2003 1.2 .4 3.9 – 5.5 – – .1 (s) 1.3 – – – 2004 1.3 .5 R4.0 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) R1.6 – – – 2005 R1.4 .4 R4.2 – 6.0 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – – – 2006 1.3 .2 R4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2007 R1.4 .2 R4.3 R – R5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2008P 1.2 .1 4.1 – 5.4 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 20.7 R4.8 53.2 7.3 R85.9 – – 2.7 21.6 0.9 – – – 1990 21.1 R7.0 60.0 9.6 R97.8 – – 3.0 25.4 .9 – – – 1991 21.0 6.5 60.6 10.5 98.6 – – 2.8 25.9 .9 – – – 1992 22.7 7.6 65.9 12.0 108.2 – – 2.9 27.9 .9 – – – 1993 23.7 7.0 68.2 11.9 110.9 – – 2.9 28.4 1.1 – – – 1994 23.6 6.8 69.6 12.1 112.1 – – 6.0 28.7 1.0 – – – 1995 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 – – 5.3 28.9 .9 – – – 1996 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 – – 5.9 28.4 .9 – – – 1997 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 – – 5.7 28.2 .9 – – – 1998 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 – – 5.3 27.7 .9 – – – 1999 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 – – 4.8 28.1 .7 – – – 2000 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 – – 4.1 28.7 .8 – – – 2001 20.1 5.3 79.8 8.5 113.6 – – 3.1 26.9 .6 – – – 2002 21.5 4.4 79.0 9.5 114.4 – – 3.8 29.6 .8 – – – 2003 19.8 5.3 78.7 13.0 116.8 – – 4.2 28.0 .7 – – – 2004 R19.8 R6.0 R79.0 R11.7 R116.4 – – 3.2 R28.4 .8 – – – 2005 R19.5 5.4 R72.9 R9.7 R107.4 – – 3.2 R28.3 R.7 – – – 2006 R19.5 4.2 R77.7 R9.9 R111.3 – – 2.9 R28.4 .6 – – – 2007 R16.7 R4.2 R77.6 R9.4 R107.9 – – R1.6 R28.3 .6 – – – 2008P 17.0 3.0 74.3 8.4 102.6 – – 1.9 27.9 .6 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and comme11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less Notes: • See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power secto

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classificatioat end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PowEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Co• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008 Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2008By Sector, 1989-2008 By Sector, 2008234 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased 

technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid wastire-derived fuels).

Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.

558

527

328

110

Wood Natural Coal Other Pe

0

100200300400500600

Trillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Gases1

1.3

0.3

Industrial Electric Power 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Gas

Commercial

Electric Power

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989

 (Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 323 96 462 93 973 546 30 577 1990 363 127 538 141 R1,168 651 36 687 1991 352 112 547 148 1,159 623 37 660 1992 367 117 592 160 1,236 658 40 698 1993 373 129 604 142 1,248 668 45 713 1994 388 133 646 144 1,309 722 45 767 1995 386 121 686 145 1,338 721 47 768 1996 392 133 711 150 1,385 701 55 756 1997 389 137 713 150 1,389 731 55 785 1998 382 136 782 167 1,466 700 57 757 1999 386 125 811 179 1,501 690 55 744 2000 384 108 812 184 1,488 707 56 764 2001 354 90 741 133 1,318 557 28 585 2002 337 73 709 118 1,236 546 26 572 2003 333 85 610 110 1,139 597 35 632 2004 R352 R97 R654 R126 R1,230 R637 R30 R667 2005 R342 R92 R624 R138 R1,197 R628 R36 R665 2006 R333 78 R603 R126 R1,140 R653 R37 R690 2007 R327 R76 R554 R116 R1,074 R616 R35 R651 2008P 328 54 527 110 1,019 558 31 589 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste 

fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data do not include electric utility combined-heat

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
236 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 1990 21 9 80 4 114 18 6 25 1991 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1992 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 1993 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 1994 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1995 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 1996 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 1997 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 1998 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 1999 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 2000 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 2001 52 6 164 5 226 8 4 13 2002 40 4 214 6 264 8 5 13 2003 38 7 200 9 255 9 11 20 2004 R39 R8 R239 R18 R305 R9 R9 R17 2005 R40 R8 R239 R37 R323 R10 R8 R18 2006 R38 R7 R207 R23 R275 R10 R7 R17 2007 R38 R7 R213 R20 R279 R11 R8 R19 2008P 39 8 214 22 282 10 8 18 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pl

primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Dat• See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data. Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ener"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industr

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 8

1989 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 1990 15 5 16 (s) 36 (s) 10 11 1991 16 4 21 (s) 41 (s) 9 9 1992 15 4 24 (s) 44 (s) 13 14 1993 18 4 23 (s) 45 (s) 14 14 1994 18 4 26 (s) 48 (s) 14 14 1995 17 3 29 – 48 (s) 15 15 1996 20 3 33 (s) 55 1 17 18 1997 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 1998 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 1999 20 3 37 (s) 61 1 17 17 2000 21 4 39 (s) 64 1 17 18 2001 18 4 35 – 58 1 8 8 2002 18 3 36 – 57 1 6 7 2003 23 3 17 – 42 1 8 8 2004 R22 4 R22 – 49 R (s) R8 R9 2005 R23 R4 R20 – 47 (s) 8 R9 2006 R22 2 R19 R – R44 (s) R9 R9 2007 R23 2 R20 R – R44 R1 R6 R7 2008P 24 1 17 – 43 (s) 6 7 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 1990 327 113 443 137 1,019 632 20 652 1991 315 103 444 144 1,005 606 19 625 1992 324 107 466 155 1,052 641 19 660 1993 325 117 475 139 1,055 652 23 675 1994 333 119 501 138 1,092 707 21 729 1995 329 105 540 140 1,114 706 20 726 1996 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 1997 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 1998 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 1999 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 2000 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 2001 284 80 542 128 1,034 548 16 564 2002 278 66 458 112 914 537 15 552 2003 272 75 393 101 842 588 16 604 2004 R290 R85 R393 R108 R876 R628 R13 R641 2005 R280 R81 R364 R102 R827 R618 20 R638 2006 R272 R69 R377 R103 R821 R642 21 R663 2007 R266 R67 R322 R96 R751 R605 21 R625 2008P 265 45 295 88 694 548 16 565 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP dat

Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ener"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2Operations Report."
Figure 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation

Total and Major Fuel Categories, 1949-2008 By Major Fuel, 2008By Major Fuel, 1949-2008 By Sector, 1989-2008238 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Conventional hydroelectric power.2 Wind, other gases, electricity net imports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, batteries,

chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and nonrenewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

3 Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of 

Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

20.6

8.5

7.0

2.5

0.5 0

Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Petro- Wo

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Total Energy

Electric

Power

Gas Electric

Power1

leum 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

06

12

1824

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power 

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable

Energy

Co

Industrial3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Select

 (Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 1,431 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 1,421 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1,363 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,608 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,610 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,059 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,066 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,634 1 2 11 NA NA 2,649 1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 2,824 1 2 12 NA NA 2,839 1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 2,864 1 2 31 NA NA 2,899 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 2,861 1 2 43 NA NA 2,907 1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 3,177 1 2 53 NA NA 3,232 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,155 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,227 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,976 1 2 78 NA NA 3,057 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,333 3 2 77 NA NA 2,416 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,937 2 1 64 NA NA 3,005 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,931 3 2 84 NA NA 3,020 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,900 3 2 110 NA NA 3,014 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,758 3 1 123 NA NA 2,885 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,266 2 1 105 NA NA 3,374 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,527 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,661 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,386 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,560 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,970 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,183 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,071 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,303 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,635 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,879 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,334 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,569 1989 1116,359 11,R1,756 113,582 90 11,R21,788 115,602 122,837 11345 11151 11308 113 1122 113,665 1990 16,477 R1,366 3,791 112 R21,746 6,104 3,046 442 211 326 4 29 4,058 1991 16,460 1,276 3,861 125 21,723 6,422 3,016 425 247 335 5 31 4,058 1992 16,686 1,076 3,999 141 21,903 6,479 2,617 481 283 338 4 30 3,752 1993 17,424 1,203 4,027 136 22,790 6,410 2,892 485 288 351 5 31 4,052 1994 17,485 1,135 4,476 136 23,233 6,694 2,683 498 301 325 5 36 3,848 1995 17,687 813 4,840 133 23,473 7,075 3,205 480 316 280 5 33 4,318 1996 18,650 888 4,400 159 24,097 7,087 3,590 513 324 300 5 33 4,765 1997 19,128 985 4,658 119 24,890 6,597 3,640 484 339 309 5 34 4,811 1998 19,417 1,378 5,205 125 26,124 7,068 3,297 475 332 311 5 31 4,450 1999 19,467 1,285 5,441 126 26,320 7,610 3,268 490 332 312 5 46 4,452 2000 20,411 1,212 5,818 126 27,567 7,862 2,811 496 330 296 5 57 3,995 2001 19,789 1,347 6,001 97 27,235 8,033 2,242 486 228 289 6 70 3,320 2002 19,997 1,014 6,250 131 27,392 8,143 2,689 605 257 305 6 105 3,967 2003 20,367 1,266 5,736 156 27,525 7,959 2,825 519 249 303 5 115 4,016 2004 R20,376 R1,248 R5,827 R135 R27,586 8,222 2,690 R344 R230 311 6 142 R3,723 2005 R20,802 R1,269 R6,212 R110 R28,393 8,160 2,703 R355 R230 309 6 178 R3,781 2006 R20,527 R668 R6,644 R115 R27,954 8,214 2,869 R350 R241 306 5 264 R4,035 2007 R20,842 R683 R7,288 R115 R28,927 R8,458 R2,446 R353 R245 R308 6 R341 R3,699 2008P 20,587 476 7,022 95 28,179 8,455 2,452 345 250 312 8 514 3,882 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end ofsection.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industria

electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plant

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electric

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelewas made because most of the electricity used to pump water inby plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associatedata columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sec

sector. • 1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.
240 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, 

 Selected Years, 1949-2008 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,571 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,033 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 2,615 1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 2,806 1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 2,864 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 2,873 1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 3,199 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,194 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 3,024 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 2,383 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 2,973 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 2,986 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 2,982 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 2,852 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 3,341 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,627 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,527 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,150 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,270 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,846 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,536 1989 1116,121 111,697 113,107 7 1120,932 115,602 112,808 1175 11126 11308 113 1122 113,342 1990 16,235 1,281 3,233 6 20,755 6,104 3,014 106 180 326 4 29 3,658 1991 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 6,422 2,985 104 217 335 5 31 3,677 1992 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 6,479 2,586 120 252 338 4 30 3,329 1993 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 6,410 2,861 129 255 351 5 31 3,632 1994 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 6,694 2,620 134 269 325 5 36 3,389 1995 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 7,075 3,149 106 282 280 5 33 3,855 1996 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 7,087 3,528 117 280 300 5 33 4,264 1997 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 6,597 3,581 117 292 309 5 34 4,337 1998 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 7,068 3,241 125 287 311 5 31 4,000 1999 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 7,610 3,218 125 290 312 5 46 3,996 2000 20,153 1,145 5,120 19 26,438 7,862 2,768 126 294 296 5 57 3,547 2001 19,549 1,280 5,290 9 26,128 8,033 2,209 116 205 289 6 70 2,894 2002 19,733 955 5,522 25 26,235 8,143 2,650 141 224 305 6 105 3,430 2003 20,137 1,199 5,009 30 26,374 7,959 2,781 156 216 303 5 115 3,576 2004 R20,217 R1,202 R5,209 R27 R26,655 8,222 2,656 R150 R206 311 6 142 R3,471 2005 R20,649 R1,227 R5,643 R24 R27,543 8,160 2,670 R166 R205 309 6 178 R3,534 2006 R20,377 R635 R6,055 R28 R27,095 8,214 2,839 R163 R216 306 5 264 R3,794 2007 R20,723 R651 R6,681 R27 R28,083 R8,458 R2,430 R165 R221 R308 6 R341 R3,470 2008P 20,462 454 6,481 21 27,419 8,455 2,432 160 226 312 8 514 3,653 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end ofsection.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and comthe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell elect• See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and eleshows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plaof the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage repumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "N"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All 

8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. • 1989-1997—Energy Information AdPower Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industria

 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind Total 6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 9 7 18 1 36 – 1 2 9 – – – 12 1990 9 6 28 1 45 – 1 2 15 – – – 18 1991 9 3 28 1 41 – 1 2 15 – – – 18 1992 8 3 33 1 45 – 1 1 16 – – – 19 1993 9 4 38 1 53 – 1 1 16 – – – 18 1994 9 4 42 1 56 – 1 1 17 – – – 19 1995 12 4 44 – 60 – 1 1 21 – – – 23 1996 14 4 44 (s) 62 – 1 1 31 – – – 33 1997 14 5 40 (s) 59 – 1 1 34 – – – 35 1998 11 5 42 (s) 57 – 1 1 32 – – – 34 1999 12 6 40 (s) 57 – 1 (s) 33 – – – 35 2000 12 5 38 (s) 55 – 1 (s) 26 – – – 28 2001 13 6 37 (s) 56 – 1 (s) 15 – – – 16 2002 9 4 31 (s) 44 – (s) (s) 18 – – – 19 2003 13 5 39 – 58 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 2004 R8 R5 R34 – R46 – 1 R (s) R19 – – – R21 2005 R8 R4 R35 – R46 – 1 R (s) R20 – – – R21 2006 R8 R2 R35 – R45 – 1 R (s) R21 – – – R22 2007 R8 2 R35 – R44 – 1 R (s) R19 – – – R20 2008P 8 1 32 – 41 – 1 (s) 20 – – – 21 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 229 R52 456 83 R820 – 28 267 15 – – – 311 1990 233 R79 530 104 R946 – 31 335 16 – – – 382 1991 228 74 537 118 957 – 30 318 14 – – – 362 1992 246 84 559 128 1,017 – 31 359 15 – – – 405 1993 256 77 562 123 1,019 – 30 355 17 – – – 401 1994 261 75 584 123 1,043 – 62 364 14 – – – 440 1995 259 66 617 114 1,057 – 55 373 13 – – – 440 1996 261 74 626 143 1,104 – 61 394 13 – – – 468 1997 260 63 637 105 1,064 – 58 367 14 – – – 439 1998 245 67 643 102 1,056 – 55 349 13 – – – 417 1999 242 68 660 112 1,081 – 49 364 8 – – – 422 2000 245 61 660 107 1,074 – 42 369 10 – – – 421 2001 227 62 674 88 1,051 – 33 370 7 – – – 410 2002 255 55 697 106 1,113 – 39 464 15 – – – 518 2003 217 61 687 127 1,093 – 43 362 13 – – – 419 2004 R151 R42 R585 R108 R885 – 33 R194 R5– – – R231 2005 R145 R39 R534 R85 R804 – 32 R189 R5– – – R226 2006 R143 R31 R554 R87 R814 – 29 R187 R3– – – R219 2007 R111 R30 R572 R88 R800 – R16 R188 R4– – – R208 2008P 117 20 508 74 720 – 19 185 4 – – – 208 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commerc11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial el

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. – = No data Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electri

sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Cover"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2008

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste242 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Residual Fuel

Oil

Total Petroleum

Source: Table 8.5a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

1989 1992 1995 1998 20

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

Waste

Wood

1989 1992 1995 1998 2

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

50

100150200250300

Million Barrels
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2008

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

6.3

0.5

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

—CHP1

1 Combined-heat-and-power plants.

2 Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.

ElectricityOnly

Plants

1,038

5 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Short Tons

(s)

ElectricityOnly

Plants

CHP1

—CHP1

(sss)

76

3 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

20406080

Million Barrels

386

189

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

100200300400500

Trillion Btu Electricity- Only Plants Electricity- Only

Plants

CHP1

(sss)
244 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Se

 (Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 781,672 27,733 R249,614 303 667 R280,986 3,485,429 90 1990 792,457 18,143 R190,652 437 1,914 R218,800 3,691,563 112 1991 793,666 16,564 177,780 380 1,789 203,669 3,764,778 125 1992 805,140 14,493 144,467 759 2,504 172,241 3,899,718 141 1993 842,153 16,845 159,059 715 3,169 192,462 3,928,653 136 1994 848,796 22,365 145,225 929 3,020 183,618 4,367,148 136 1995 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,737,871 133 1996 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312,458 159 1997 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,564,770 119 1998 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081,384 125 1999 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,321,984 126 2000 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691,481 126 2001 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 5,832,305 97 2002 987,583 23,286 109,235 1,894 6,836 168,597 6,126,062 131 2003 1,014,058 29,672 142,518 2,947 6,303 206,653 5,616,135 156 2004 R1,020,523 R20,163 R142,088 R2,856 R7,677 R203,494 R5,674,580 R135 2005 R1,041,448 R20,651 R141,518 R2,968 R8,330 R206,785 R6,036,370 R110 2006 R1,030,556 R13,174 R58,473 R2,174 R7,363 R110,634 R6,461,615 R115 2007 R1,046,795 R15,683 R63,833 R2,917 R6,036 R112,615 R7,089,342 R115 2008P 1,043,589 12,431 37,578 2,259 5,396 79,246 6,833,398 95 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginn

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electrici

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,

 Selected Years, 1949-2008 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 771,551 26,036 242,708 9 517 271,340 3,023,513 7 1990 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147,289 6 1991 782,653 14,255 171,629 58 974 190,810 3,216,056 6 1992 793,390 12,469 137,681 118 1,490 157,719 3,324,963 12 1993 829,851 14,559 151,407 213 2,571 179,034 3,344,239 12 1994 836,113 20,241 137,198 667 2,256 169,387 3,758,484 12 1995 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,093,773 18 1996 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,659,810 16 1997 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903,195 14 1998 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,415,813 23 1999 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,643,775 14 2000 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014,071 19 2001 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142,493 9 2002 975,251 21,810 104,577 1,243 5,705 156,154 5,408,279 25 2003 1,003,036 27,441 137,361 1,937 5,719 195,336 4,909,248 30 2004 R1,012,459 R18,793 R138,831 R2,511 R7,135 R195,809 R5,075,339 R27 2005 R1,033,567 R19,450 R138,337 R2,591 R7,877 R199,760 R5,484,780 R24 2006 R1,022,802 R12,578 R56,347 R1,783 R6,905 R105,235 R5,891,222 R28 2007 R1,041,346 R15,135 R62,072 R2,496 R5,523 R107,316 R6,501,612 R27 2008P 1,037,738 11,981 36,606 2,013 5,005 75,626 6,309,332 21 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricit

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combthe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electr• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plasection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indep

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commis

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information AdministratiPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly P"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EReport," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator RepoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2Operations Report."
246 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 

 1989-2008 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 270,125 2,790,567 – 1990 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 1,008 201,246 2,794,110 (s) 1991 773,183 13,822 171,157 51 974 189,898 2,822,159 (s) 1992 781,186 11,998 135,779 48 1,320 154,428 2,828,996 (s) 1993 816,558 13,460 149,287 11 1,553 170,521 2,755,093 (s) 1994 821,209 16,693 134,666 52 1,193 157,375 3,064,561 (s) 1995 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 108,297 3,287,571 (s) 1996 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 118,848 2,823,724 (s) 1997 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 136,156 3,039,227 1 1998 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 197,137 3,543,931 1 1999 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 181,905 3,729,175 1 2000 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 170,799 4,092,729 2 2001 946,068 27,695 157,090 26 1,827 193,945 4,163,930 (s) 2002 960,077 21,521 102,622 444 3,925 144,212 4,258,467 6 2003 983,538 25,951 136,050 936 4,794 186,904 3,780,314 6 2004 994,774 17,944 137,736 1,441 6,096 187,601 4,141,535 5 2005 1,015,640 18,689 137,082 1,676 6,876 191,827 4,592,271 (s) 2006 1,004,769 12,375 55,192 991 5,988 98,497 5,091,049 (s) 2007 R1,022,840 R14,626 R60,929 R1,709 R4,711 R100,818 R5,611,600 R2 2008P 1,019,018 11,682 35,761 1,883 4,277 70,713 5,537,849 1 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 4,173 462 747 6 – 1,215 232,946 7 1990 7,088 1,438 2,054 7 – 3,499 353,179 6 1991 9,470 433 473 7 – 912 393,898 6 1992 12,204 471 1,902 69 170 3,291 495,967 12 1993 13,293 1,098 2,120 202 1,018 8,513 589,147 12 1994 14,904 3,548 2,531 615 1,063 12,011 693,923 12 1995 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 11,366 806,202 18 1996 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 11,320 836,086 15 1997 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 11,046 863,968 14 1998 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 12,310 871,881 21 1999 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 12,440 914,600 14 2000 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 13,147 921,341 17 2001 15,455 1,360 2,059 347 1,482 11,175 978,563 9 2002 15,174 289 1,955 800 1,780 11,942 1,149,812 20 2003 19,498 1,491 1,311 1,002 926 8,431 1,128,935 23 2004 R17,685 R850 R1,095 R1,070 R1,039 R8,209 R933,804 R22 2005 R17,927 R760 R1,254 R915 R1,001 R7,933 R892,509 R24 2006 R18,033 R203 R1,155 R792 R918 R6,738 R800,173 R27 2007 R18,506 R509 R1,144 R787 R812 R6,498 R890,012 R25 2008P 18,720 298 844 130 728 4,913 771,483 20 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to thepublic. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include elecunder "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electric

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electriElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plsection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (

Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProduEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Indus

 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 414 882 282 – – 1,165 17,987 1 1990 417 580 372 (s) – 953 27,544 1 1991 403 430 146 (s) – 576 26,806 1 1992 371 289 137 (s) 1 429 32,674 1 1993 404 384 279 4 1 672 37,435 1 1994 404 481 209 – 1 694 40,828 1 1995 569 493 152 (s) 1 649 42,700 – 1996 656 422 218 (s) 1 645 42,380 (s) 1997 630 583 200 – 1 790 38,975 (s) 1998 440 436 359 – 1 802 40,693 (s) 1999 481 506 421 – 1 931 39,045 (s) 2000 514 505 310 1 1 823 37,029 (s) 2001 532 520 469 2 6 1,023 36,248 (s) 2002 477 524 292 10 2 834 32,545 (s) 2003 582 553 326 3 2 894 38,480 – 2004 R377 R545 R214 1 R1 R766 R32,839 – 2005 R377 R377 R201 1 R1 R585 R33,785 – 2006 R347 R211 R116 (s) R1 R333 R34,623 – 2007 R361 R156 R94 R – R2 R258 R34,087 – 2008P 359 109 36 (s) 1 152 31,528 – 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 9,707 815 R6,624 294 150 R8,482 443,928 83 1990 10,740 1,169 R6,995 412 905 R13,103 516,729 104 1991 10,610 1,879 6,004 322 815 12,283 521,916 118 1992 11,379 1,735 6,650 642 1,013 14,093 542,081 128 1993 11,898 1,902 7,373 498 597 12,755 546,978 123 1994 12,279 1,644 7,818 263 762 13,537 567,836 123 1995 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 12,265 601,397 114 1996 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 13,813 610,268 143 1997 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 11,723 622,599 105 1998 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 12,392 624,878 102 1999 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 12,595 639,165 112 2000 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 10,459 640,381 107 2001 10,636 1,574 5,693 479 557 10,530 653,565 88 2002 11,855 952 4,366 640 1,130 11,608 685,239 106 2003 10,440 1,678 4,831 1,006 582 10,424 668,407 127 2004 R7,687 R825 R3,043 R344 R541 R6,919 R566,401 R108 2005 R7,504 R824 R2,980 R377 R452 R6,440 R517,805 R85 2006 R7,408 R385 R2,010 R391 R456 R5,066 R535,770 R87 2007 R5,089 R392 R1,666 R421 R512 R5,041 R553,643 R88 2008P 5,493 341 937 245 389 3,469 492,538 74 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commer12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity

power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Co"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2008

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste248 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.

Electric Power

Industrial

1989 1992 1995 1998 20

0

200400600800

Billion Cubic Feet

Industrial

Commercial Commercial

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

05

101520

Million Short Tons

Electric Power

Industrial

Commercial

Electric Power

Industrial

Electric Power and Commerci

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 2

0

300600900

1,200

Trillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008 (Sum of Tables 8.6b 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 16,510 1,410 R16,357 353 247 R19,357 563,307 116 1990 19,081 2,050 R18,428 895 918 R25,965 654,749 176 1991 18,458 3,027 15,293 835 777 23,039 663,963 185 1992 19,372 2,358 16,474 935 862 24,077 717,860 200 1993 19,750 2,449 17,933 857 1,031 26,394 733,584 178 1994 20,609 2,811 18,822 609 1,137 27,929 784,015 180 1995 20,418 2,082 16,661 642 1,235 25,562 834,382 181 1996 20,806 2,192 18,552 756 1,275 27,873 865,774 187 1997 21,005 2,584 15,882 289 2,009 28,802 868,569 188 1998 20,320 4,944 16,539 681 1,336 28,845 949,106 209 1999 20,373 4,665 14,133 838 1,437 26,822 982,958 224 2000 20,466 2,897 13,292 1,455 924 22,266 985,263 230 2001 18,944 2,574 11,826 563 661 18,268 898,286 166 2002 17,561 1,462 9,402 1,363 517 14,811 860,019 147 2003 17,720 2,153 10,341 1,629 763 17,939 721,267 138 2004 R24,275 R3,357 R15,390 R1,908 R1,043 R25,870 R1,052,100 R218 2005 R23,833 R3,795 R15,397 R1,302 R783 R24,408 R984,340 R238 2006 R23,227 R1,481 R11,373 R1,222 R1,259 R20,371 R942,817 R226 2007 R22,810 R1,359 R10,783 R1,320 R1,262 R19,775 R872,579 R214 2008P 23,688 968 6,245 893 1,170 13,958 834,657 193 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • Data do not include electplants. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
250 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 639 120 1,471 1 – 1,591 81,670 3 1990 1,266 173 1,630 2 – 1,805 97,330 5 1991 1,221 104 995 1 – 1,101 99,868 5 1992 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 1,229 122,908 6 1993 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 1,591 128,743 4 1994 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 1,791 144,062 6 1995 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 2,784 142,753 5 1996 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 2,424 147,091 5 1997 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 2,466 161,608 10 1998 2,493 134 653 19 103 1,322 172,471 6 1999 3,033 183 572 30 128 1,423 175,757 4 2000 3,107 294 467 51 120 1,412 192,253 7 2001 2,910 219 355 3 119 1,171 199,808 6 2002 2,255 66 197 23 111 841 263,619 7 2003 2,080 190 919 88 80 1,596 225,967 12 2004 R3,809 R314 R985 R202 R237 R2,688 R388,424 R31 2005 R3,918 R225 R1,072 R95 R206 R2,424 R384,365 R60 2006 R3,834 R69 R998 R87 R195 R2,129 R330,878 R37 2007 R3,795 R192 R1,014 R98 R162 R2,114 R339,796 R34 2008P 3,865 120 1,254 67 126 2,069 351,615 37 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • Data are for combined-heat22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity and heautility CHP plants. • See Table 8.6c for commercial and industrElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plsection. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.• Totals independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 711 202 601 – – 803 12,049 (s) 1990 773 389 715 (s) – 1,104 18,913 (s) 1991 826 356 405 (s) – 761 25,295 (s) 1992 804 259 538 (s) 2 807 29,672 (s) 1993 968 272 548 2 4 843 27,738 (s) 1994 940 534 379 – 4 931 31,457 (s) 1995 850 319 261 (s) 3 596 34,964 – 1996 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 601 40,075 (s) 1997 1,108 470 309 – 3 794 47,941 (s) 1998 1,002 418 573 – 3 1,006 46,527 (s) 1999 1,009 254 412 – 3 682 44,991 (s) 2000 1,034 403 366 2 4 792 47,844 (s) 2001 916 505 304 – – 809 42,407 – 2002 929 248 108 28 6 416 41,430 – 2003 1,234 119 381 12 9 555 19,973 – 2004 R1,540 R570 R613 20 R8 R1,243 R39,233 – 2005 R1,544 R417 R587 (s) R8 R1,045 R34,172 – 2006 R1,539 R155 R404 R – R9 R601 R33,112 (s) 2007 R1,566 R101 R340 R – R11 R494 R35,987 R – 2008P 1,750 77 124 (s) 9 244 29,718 – 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 15,160 1,088 R14,285 352 247 R16,963 469,588 113 1990 17,041 1,488 R16,084 893 918 R23,056 538,506 171 1991 16,412 2,567 13,893 834 777 21,177 538,800 180 1992 16,864 1,945 14,891 925 856 22,041 565,279 194 1993 16,988 1,887 16,311 829 987 23,960 577,103 174 1994 17,428 1,906 17,419 505 1,075 25,207 608,496 173 1995 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 22,182 656,665 175 1996 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 24,848 678,608 182 1997 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 25,541 659,021 178 1998 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 26,518 730,108 202 1999 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 24,718 762,210 219 2000 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 20,062 745,165 223 2001 15,119 1,850 11,167 560 542 16,287 656,071 160 2002 14,377 1,149 9,097 1,312 399 13,555 554,970 139 2003 14,406 1,844 9,041 1,529 675 15,788 475,327 126 2004 R18,926 R2,473 R13,791 R1,686 R798 R21,939 R624,443 R187 2005 R18,371 R3,153 R13,738 R1,207 R568 R20,940 R565,803 R179 2006 R17,854 R1,258 R9,971 R1,136 R1,055 R17,640 R578,828 R190 2007 R17,449 R1,066 R9,429 R1,222 R1,090 R17,166 R496,796 R180 2008P 18,073 771 4,866 825 1,036 11,644 453,325 156 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.6b for electric "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2Operations Report."
Figure 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Therma

1989-2008

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste252 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Total

Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons Total

1989 1992 1995 1998 20

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet Electricity Generation

Useful Thermal Output

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 20

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Total

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Outpu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 798,181 29,143 R265,970 656 915 R300,342 4,048,736 206 1990 811,538 20,194 R209,081 1,332 2,832 R244,765 4,346,311 288 1991 812,124 19,590 193,073 1,215 2,566 226,708 4,428,742 311 1992 824,512 16,852 160,941 1,695 3,366 196,318 4,617,578 341 1993 861,904 19,293 176,992 1,571 4,200 218,855 4,662,236 314 1994 869,405 25,177 164,047 1,539 4,157 211,547 5,151,163 316 1995 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572,253 313 1996 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178,232 346 1997 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 5,433,338 307 1998 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030,490 334 1999 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,304,942 350 2000 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,676,744 356 2001 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,730,591 263 2002 1,005,144 24,748 118,637 3,257 7,353 183,408 6,986,081 278 2003 1,031,778 31,825 152,859 4,576 7,067 224,593 6,337,402 294 2004 1,044,798 23,520 157,478 4,764 8,721 229,364 6,726,679 R353 2005 1,065,281 24,446 156,915 4,270 9,113 231,193 R7,020,709 348 2006 1,053,783 14,655 69,846 3,396 8,622 131,005 R7,404,432 341 2007 R1,069,606 R17,042 R74,616 R4,237 R7,299 R132,389 R7,961,922 R329 2008P 1,067,277 13,400 43,823 3,151 6,566 93,204 7,668,055 288 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
254 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Ou

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 772,190 26,156 244,179 10 517 272,931 3,105,183 9 1990 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,244,619 11 1991 783,874 14,359 172,625 59 974 191,911 3,315,925 11 1992 795,094 12,623 138,726 128 1,494 158,948 3,447,871 18 1993 831,645 14,849 152,481 239 2,611 180,625 3,472,982 16 1994 838,354 20,612 138,222 771 2,315 171,178 3,902,546 19 1995 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,236,526 24 1996 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,806,901 20 1997 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,064,803 24 1998 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588,284 29 1999 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,819,531 19 2000 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206,324 25 2001 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342,301 15 2002 977,507 21,876 104,773 1,267 5,816 156,995 5,671,897 33 2003 1,005,116 27,632 138,279 2,026 5,799 196,932 5,135,215 41 2004 1,016,268 19,107 139,816 2,713 7,372 198,498 5,463,763 R58 2005 1,037,485 19,675 139,409 2,685 8,083 202,184 5,869,145 84 2006 1,026,636 12,646 57,345 1,870 7,101 107,365 6,222,100 65 2007 R1,045,141 R15,327 R63,086 R2,594 R5,685 R109,431 R6,841,408 R61 2008P 1,041,603 12,101 37,860 2,081 5,131 77,695 6,660,947 59 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andcategory whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electr8.7c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only datStatistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ener"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (

Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProduEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 1,125 1,085 883 – – 1,967 30,037 1 1990 1,191 969 1,087 (s) – 2,056 46,458 1 1991 1,228 786 551 (s) – 1,337 52,101 1 1992 1,175 548 675 (s) 2 1,235 62,346 1 1993 1,373 656 828 6 5 1,515 65,173 1 1994 1,344 1,015 588 – 4 1,625 72,285 1 1995 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 1,245 77,664 – 1996 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 1,246 82,455 (s) 1997 1,738 1,053 509 – 4 1,584 86,915 (s) 1998 1,443 854 932 – 4 1,807 87,220 (s) 1999 1,490 759 834 – 4 1,613 84,037 (s) 2000 1,547 908 676 3 6 1,615 84,874 (s) 2001 1,448 1,026 773 2 6 1,832 78,655 (s) 2002 1,405 771 400 38 8 1,250 73,975 (s) 2003 1,816 671 708 16 11 1,449 58,453 – 2004 1,917 1,115 827 21 9 2,009 72,072 – 2005 1,922 794 789 1 9 1,630 R67,957 – 2006 1,886 366 520 (s) 10 935 R67,735 (s) 2007 R1,927 R257 R434 R – 12 R752 R70,074 R – 2008P 2,109 186 160 (s) 10 396 61,246 – 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 24,867 1,903 R20,909 646 397 R25,444 913,516 195 1990 27,781 2,657 R23,079 1,305 1,824 R36,159 1,055,235 275 1991 27,021 4,446 19,897 1,156 1,592 33,460 1,060,716 298 1992 28,244 3,680 21,540 1,567 1,870 36,135 1,107,361 322 1993 28,886 3,788 23,684 1,326 1,583 36,715 1,124,081 297 1994 29,707 3,550 25,238 768 1,838 38,744 1,176,332 296 1995 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 34,448 1,258,063 290 1996 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 38,661 1,288,876 325 1997 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 37,265 1,281,620 283 1998 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 38,910 1,354,986 305 1999 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 37,312 1,401,374 331 2000 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 30,520 1,385,546 331 2001 25,755 3,424 16,860 1,039 1,099 26,817 1,309,636 248 2002 26,232 2,101 13,463 1,953 1,529 25,163 1,240,209 245 2003 24,846 3,522 13,872 2,535 1,257 26,212 1,143,734 253 2004 26,613 3,298 16,835 2,030 1,339 28,857 1,190,844 R295 2005 25,875 3,977 16,718 1,583 1,020 27,380 1,083,607 264 2006 25,262 1,643 11,981 1,526 1,511 22,706 1,114,597 277 2007 R22,537 R1,458 R11,096 R1,643 R1,602 R22,207 R1,050,439 R268 2008P 23,566 1,113 5,803 1,071 1,425 15,113 945,863 230 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commer12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ener"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coal, 1949-2008 Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2008Petroleum, 1949-2008 Petroleum Products, 2008256 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3 Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short

ton.

4Jet fuel and kerosene.

Note: Stocks are at end of year. Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Petroleum

Coal

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150

Million Barrels

22

19

Residual Distillate Pe

05

10152025

Million Barrels

Fuel Oil 

2 Fuel Oil1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Ton

1949 22,054 NA NA NA NA 1950 31,842 NA NA NA NA 1955 41,391 NA NA NA NA 1960 51,735 NA NA NA NA 1965 54,525 NA NA NA NA 1970 71,908 NA NA NA 239 1971 77,778 NA NA NA 291 1972 99,722 NA NA NA 287 1973 86,967 10,095 79,121 NA 312 1974 83,509 15,199 97,718 NA 35 1975 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 1976 117,436 14,703 106,993 NA 32 1977 133,219 19,281 124,750 NA 44 1978 128,225 16,386 102,402 NA 198 1979 159,714 20,301 111,121 NA 183 1980 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 1981 168,893 26,094 102,042 NA 42 1982 181,132 23,369 95,515 NA 41 1983 155,598 18,801 70,573 NA 55 1984 179,727 19,116 68,503 NA 50 1985 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 1986 161,806 16,269 56,841 NA 40 1987 170,797 15,759 55,069 NA 51 1988 146,507 15,099 54,187 NA 86 1989 135,860 13,824 47,446 NA 105 1990 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 1991 157,876 16,357 58,636 NA 70 1992 154,130 15,714 56,135 NA 67 1993 111,341 15,674 46,770 NA 89 1994 126,897 16,644 46,344 NA 69 1995 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 1996 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 1997 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 1998 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 19997 141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 2000 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 2001 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 2002 141,714 17,413 25,723 800 1,711 2003 121,567 19,153 25,820 779 1,484 2004 106,669 19,275 26,596 879 937 2005 101,137 18,778 27,624 1,012 530 2006 140,964 18,013 28,823 1,380 674 2007 R151,221 R18,395 R24,136 R1,902 R554 2008P 163,056 18,876 21,725 2,135 794 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks

of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginning

in 2002, also includes other liquids. 7 Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Note 1, "C

2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at eof components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information AdministratPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EReport," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator RepoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2Operations Report."
Figure 8.9 Electricity End Use

Overview, 1989-2008 Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2008Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2008258 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Retail Sales1

Total End Use

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

2 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial

process located within the same facility or group of facilities ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.

Source: Table 8.9.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1.38 1.35

Residential Commercial Ind

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Direct Use2

Commerci

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Retail Sales 1

Direct Use 6 Total End Use7

Disco

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation 4 Total Retail Sales 5 Commerc

1949 67 E59 123 E6 255 NA 255 1950 72 E66 146 E7 291 NA 291 1955 128 E103 260 E6 497 NA 497 1960 201 E159 324 E3 688 NA 688 11965 291 E231 429 E3 954 NA 954 21970 466 E352 571 E3 1,392 NA 1,392 31971 500 E377 589 E3 1,470 NA 1,470 31972 539 E413 641 E3 1,595 NA 1,595 31973 579 E445 686 E3 1,713 NA 1,713 31974 578 E440 685 E3 1,706 NA 1,706 31975 588 E468 688 E3 1,747 NA 1,747 41976 606 E492 754 E3 1,855 NA 1,855 41977 645 E514 786 E3 1,948 NA 1,948 41978 674 E531 809 E3 2,018 NA 2,018 41979 683 543 842 3 2,071 NA 2,071 41980 717 559 815 3 2,094 NA 2,094 41981 722 596 826 3 2,147 NA 2,147 51982 730 609 745 3 2,086 NA 2,086 51983 751 620 776 4 2,151 NA 2,151 51984 780 664 838 4 2,286 NA 2,286 51985 794 689 837 4 2,324 NA 2,324 61986 819 715 831 4 2,369 NA 2,369 61987 850 744 858 5 2,457 NA 2,457 61988 893 784 896 5 2,578 NA 2,578 61989 906 811 926 5 2,647 109 2,756 71990 924 838 946 5 2,713 125 2,837 71991 955 855 947 5 2,762 124 2,886 71992 936 850 973 5 2,763 134 2,897 71993 995 885 977 5 2,861 139 3,001 71994 1,008 913 1,008 5 2,935 146 3,081 81995 1,043 953 1,013 5 3,013 151 3,164 81996 1,083 980 1,034 5 3,101 153 3,254 81997 1,076 1,027 1,038 5 3,146 156 3,302 91998 1,130 1,078 1,051 5 3,264 161 3,425 91999 1,145 1,104 1,058 5 3,312 172 3,484 1,02000 1,192 1,159 1,064 5 3,421 171 3,592 1,02001 1,202 1,191 997 6 3,394 163 3,557 1,02002 1,265 1,205 990 6 3,465 166 3,632 1,12003 1,276 1,199 1,012 7 3,494 168 3,662 – 2004 1,292 1,230 1,018 7 3,547 168 3,716 – 2005 1,359 1,275 1,019 8 3,661 150 3,811 – 2006 1,352 1,300 1,011 7 3,670 147 3,817 – 2007 1,392 R1,336 R1,028 8 R3,765 R159 R3,924 – 2008P 1,379 1,352 982 8 3,722 E151 3,873 – 

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers. 2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and othersales to public authorities. 3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includesagriculture and irrigation. 4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. 5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation." 6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes thepower or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use." 8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial sector, excluding publicstreet and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway lighting,interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportationincluding railroads and railways.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: Residential and Industrial: • 1949-September 1977—F

FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Incom1980—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5Operating Revenue and Income." • March 1980-1982—FERC, Form Monthly Statement." • 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIACompany Monthly Statement." • 1984-1993—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annuforward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2009), Table 5.1. Commby EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the non-transportatioestimation methodology at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_usforward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2009), Ta• 1949-2002—Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion of methodology at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_Electric Power Monthly (March 2009), Table 5.1. Direct Use: • 1989-1Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1995-2007—EIA, Electric Power A7.2. • 2008—Estimate based on the 2007 value adjusted by the perceindustrial net generation on Table 8.1. Commercial (Old) and Other (Ofor "Residential" and "Industrial."
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2008 By Sector, 2008By Sector, Nominal2 Prices, 1960-2008 By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2008260 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. 2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public

authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation incNote: Taxes are included. Source: Table 8.10.

9.28

8.40

11.36

10.28

7.01

Residential Commercial Ind

0

2

468

10

12

14

Cents per Kilowatthour

Nominal2 Re

Real1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour Nominal2

Other3

Commercial

Residential

Other3

Industrial

Commercial

 Transportation

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

05

1015

Chained (2000) Cents per Kilowatthour
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2008

 (Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation 3 Other 4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Rea

1960 2.6 12.4 2.4 11.4 1.1 5.2 NA NA 1.9 9.0 1961 2.6 12.2 2.4 11.3 1.1 5.2 NA NA 1.8 8.5 1962 2.6 12.1 2.4 11.1 1.1 5.1 NA NA 1.9 8.8 1963 2.5 11.5 2.3 10.6 1.0 4.6 NA NA 1.8 8.3 1964 2.5 11.3 2.2 9.9 1.0 4.5 NA NA 1.8 8.1 1965 2.4 10.7 2.2 9.8 1.0 4.4 NA NA 1.8 8.0 1966 2.3 9.9 2.1 9.1 1.0 4.3 NA NA 1.8 7.8 1967 2.3 9.6 2.1 8.8 1.0 4.2 NA NA 1.8 7.5 1968 2.3 9.2 2.1 8.4 1.0 4.0 NA NA 1.8 7.2 1969 2.2 8.4 2.1 8.0 1.0 3.8 NA NA 1.7 6.5 1970 2.2 8.0 2.1 7.6 1.0 3.6 NA NA 1.8 6.5 1971 2.3 8.0 2.2 7.6 1.1 3.8 NA NA 1.9 6.6 1972 2.4 8.0 2.3 7.6 1.2 4.0 NA NA 2.0 6.6 1973 2.5 7.9 2.4 7.5 1.3 4.1 NA NA 2.1 6.6 1974 3.1 8.9 3.0 8.6 1.7 4.9 NA NA 2.8 8.1 1975 3.5 9.2 3.5 9.2 2.1 5.5 NA NA 3.1 8.2 1976 3.7 9.2 3.7 9.2 2.2 5.5 NA NA 3.3 8.2 1977 4.1 9.6 4.1 9.6 2.5 5.9 NA NA 3.5 8.2 1978 4.3 9.4 4.4 9.6 2.8 6.1 NA NA 3.6 7.9 1979 4.6 9.3 4.7 9.5 3.1 6.3 NA NA 4.0 8.1 1980 5.4 10.0 5.5 10.2 3.7 6.9 NA NA 4.8 8.9 1981 6.2 10.5 6.3 10.7 4.3 7.3 NA NA 5.3 9.0 1982 6.9 11.0 6.9 11.0 5.0 8.0 NA NA 5.9 9.4 1983 7.2 11.0 7.0 10.7 5.0 7.7 NA NA 6.4 9.8 1984 7.15 10.57 7.13 10.54 4.83 7.14 NA NA 5.90 8.71985 7.39 10.60 7.27 10.43 4.97 7.13 NA NA 6.09 8.71986 7.42 10.41 7.20 10.11 4.93 6.92 NA NA 6.11 8.51987 7.45 10.18 7.08 9.67 4.77 6.52 NA NA 6.21 8.41988 7.48 9.88 7.04 9.30 4.70 6.21 NA NA 6.20 8.11989 7.65 9.74 7.20 9.17 4.72 6.01 NA NA 6.25 7.91990 7.83 9.60 7.34 9.00 4.74 5.81 NA NA 6.40 7.81991 8.04 9.52 7.53 8.92 4.83 5.72 NA NA 6.51 7.71992 8.21 9.50 7.66 8.87 4.83 5.59 NA NA 6.74 7.81993 8.32 9.41 7.74 8.76 4.85 5.49 NA NA 6.88 7.71994 8.38 9.28 7.73 8.56 4.77 5.28 NA NA 6.84 7.51995 8.40 9.12 7.69 8.35 4.66 5.06 NA NA 6.88 7.41996 8.36 8.91 7.64 8.14 4.60 4.90 NA NA 6.91 7.31997 8.43 8.84 7.59 7.95 4.53 4.75 NA NA 6.91 7.21998 8.26 8.56 7.41 7.68 4.48 4.64 NA NA 6.63 6.81999 8.16 8.34 7.26 7.42 4.43 4.53 NA NA 6.35 6.42000 8.24 8.24 7.43 7.43 4.64 4.64 NA NA 6.56 6.52001 8.58 8.38 7.92 7.73 5.05 4.93 NA NA 7.20 7.02002 8.44 8.10 7.89 7.57 4.88 4.68 NA NA 6.75 6.42003 8.72 8.20 8.03 7.55 5.11 4.80 7.54 7.09 – – – – 2004 8.95 8.18 8.17 7.46 5.25 4.80 7.18 6.56 – – – – 2005 9.45 8.36 8.67 7.67 5.73 5.07 8.57 7.58 – – – – 2006 10.40 R8.91 9.46 R8.11 6.16 5.28 9.54 8.18 – – – – 2007 R10.65 8.89 R9.65 R8.05 R6.39 R5.33 R9.70 R8.10 – – – – 2008P 11.36 9.28 10.28 8.40 7.01 5.73 11.28 9.21 – – – – 

1 Commercial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,

interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 2 Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation. 3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways. 4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agricultureand irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways. 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the

categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. • Data represent revenue from electricityretail sales divided by electricity retail sales. • Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demandcharges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and othermiscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not include

deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel 

previous reporting periods. • Through 1979, data are for Classonly. For 1980-1982, data are for selected Class A utilities whmillion or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are Beginning in 1984, data are for a census of electric utilities. Bservice providers selling to retail customers.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October 1977-FCommission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of E• March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric • 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIStatement." • 1984-1993—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual ElecElectric Power Monthly (March 2009), Table 5.3.
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2007 By Major Category, 2007By Source, 2007262 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Total

1 Conventional and pumped storage.2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil

fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneoustechnologies.

Source: Table 8.11a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Kilowatts

El

P

764

108 

Fossil Renewable Nu

0

300600900

Million Kilowatts

Nuclear Electric Power

Fuels

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Energy 

Electric

Power

393

313

100 100

56

17 7 4 2 

Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro- Petroleum Wind Wood Waste Geothermal 

0

100200300400500

Million Kilowatts

electric

Power1
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2007 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Commercial Sector, 2007 Industrial Sector, 2007

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels 3 Conventional hydroelectric power.

4 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam

technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million kilowatts.Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 

0

250500750

1,000

Million Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

0

300600900

1,200

Million Kilowatts Electric Power Sector Total (All Sectors)

Commercial and Industrial

Electricity-Only Plants

Combined-Heat-and-Powe

1.1

0.4 0.4

0.3

(s)

Natural Waste Coal Petroleum Other1

0.00.40.8

1.2

Million Kilowatts

14.7

5.0

3.2

1.9

0.9

Natural Wood Coal Other Petr

048

12

16

Million Kilowatts

Gas

Gas Gases2 leum
264 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2007

 (Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind 

6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 5 ( ) 69.1 .1 10 ( ) .2 NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 5 ( ) 70.5 .1 10 ( ) .3 NA NA 1973 NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 5 ( ) 75.4 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1974 NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 5 ( ) 75.5 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 1980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 1981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s1982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s1983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s1984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s1985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s1986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s1987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s1988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s198912 303.1 79.1 135.7 1.5 519.4 98.2 18.1 74.1 5.2 2.1 2.6 .2 1.1990 307.4 77.9 140.8 1.6 527.8 99.6 19.5 73.9 5.5 2.5 2.7 .3 1.1991 307.4 74.2 147.6 2.1 531.4 99.6 18.4 76.0 6.1 2.9 2.6 .3 1.1992 309.4 73.1 152.2 2.1 536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 6.2 3.0 2.9 .3 1.1993 310.1 71.1 158.6 1.9 541.8 99.0 21.1 77.4 6.5 3.1 2.9 .3 1.1994 311.4 71.7 164.8 2.1 550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 6.7 3.3 3.0 .3 1.1995 311.4 66.6 174.5 1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 6.7 3.5 3.0 .3 1.1996 313.4 72.5 174.1 1.7 561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 6.8 3.6 2.9 .3 1.1997 313.6 72.5 176.5 1.5 564.1 99.7 19.3 79.4 6.9 3.6 2.9 .3 1.1998 315.8 66.3 180.3 1.5 563.9 97.1 19.5 79.2 6.8 3.7 2.9 .3 1.1999 315.5 60.1 195.1 1.9 572.6 97.4 19.6 79.4 6.8 3.7 2.8 .4 2.2000 315.1 61.8 219.6 2.3 598.9 97.9 19.5 79.4 6.1 3.9 2.8 .4 2.4 2001 314.2 66.2 252.8 1.7 634.9 98.2 19.7 78.9 5.9 3.7 2.2 .4 3.2002 315.4 59.7 312.5 2.0 689.5 98.7 20.4 79.4 5.8 3.8 2.3 .4 4.4 2003 313.0 60.7 355.4 2.0 731.2 99.2 20.5 78.7 5.9 3.8 2.1 .4 6.2004 313.0 59.1 371.0 2.3 745.4 99.6 20.8 77.6 6.2 3.5 2.2 .4 6.2005 313.4 58.5 383.1 2.1 757.1 100.0 21.3 77.5 6.2 3.6 2.3 .4 8.2006 313.0 58.1 388.3 2.3 761.6 100.3 21.5 77.8 6.4 3.7 2.3 .4 11.2007 R312.7 R56.1 R392.9 2.3 R764.0 R100.3 R21.9 R77.9 R6.7 R4.1 R2.2 .5 R16.

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Wood."

11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Begin

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kiloNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the predominant energy source. • See Note 1, "Coverage • See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2007

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind 

6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 5 ( ) 69.1 .1 10 ( ) .2 NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 5 ( ) 70.5 .1 10 ( ) .3 NA NA 1973 NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 5 ( ) 75.4 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1974 NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 5 ( ) 75.5 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 1980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 1981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s) 1982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s) 1983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s) 1984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s) 1985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 1986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 1987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s) 1988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s) 198912 298.0 78.1 125.4 .4 501.9 98.2 18.1 73.6 1.1 1.7 2.6 .2 1.5 1990 302.3 76.8 129.9 .4 509.3 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.2 2.1 2.7 .3 1.8 1991 302.5 73.0 137.1 .7 513.3 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.3 2.5 2.6 .3 1.9 1992 304.3 71.8 141.0 .7 517.9 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.4 2.5 2.9 .3 1.8 1993 305.0 69.9 146.9 .7 522.5 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 .3 1.8 1994 306.1 70.5 152.5 .7 529.8 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.7 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 1995 306.0 65.4 161.9 .3 533.7 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.8 3.0 3.0 .3 1.7 1996 308.1 71.3 161.4 .1 540.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.7 2.9 2.9 .3 1.7 1997 308.5 71.0 163.4 .2 543.1 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 .3 1.6 1998 310.9 65.0 167.1 .1 543.0 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.8 3.0 2.9 .3 1.7 1999 310.7 58.6 181.1 .2 550.7 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 .4 2.3 2000 310.2 60.7 204.7 .3 575.9 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.8 .4 2.4 2001 309.8 64.7 236.8 .3 611.6 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.2 .4 3.9 2002 311.0 58.6 296.6 .3 666.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.6 3.3 2.3 .4 4.4 2003 308.5 59.6 339.1 .3 707.6 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.1 .4 6.0 2004 308.8 58.0 355.2 .4 722.4 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.6 2.9 2.2 .4 6.5 2005 309.0 57.4 367.5 .3 734.3 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.6 3.0 2.3 .4 8.7 2006 309.2 56.8 372.0 .4 738.4 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.7 3.1 2.3 .4 11.3 2007 R309.1 R54.8 R377.1 .5 R741.5 R100.3 R21.9 R77.5 R1.7 R3.5 R2.2 .5 R16.5 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Wood."

11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – = No data reported. (s)=LeNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the predominant energy source. • The electric powcombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 celectricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8.electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Gen• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-1984—Energy Information Administration (

EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." • 1989-199Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility,Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA
266 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2007

 (Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind 

5 Waste 6

Electricity-Only Plants 9

1989 296.5 78.0 119.3 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.1990 299.9 76.6 121.8 .4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 .3 1.1991 299.6 72.6 127.9 .7 500.8 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.1 2.2 2.6 .3 1.1992 300.8 71.5 130.2 .7 503.1 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.2 2.3 2.9 .3 1.1993 301.2 69.3 134.5 .7 505.7 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.2 2.4 2.9 .3 1.1994 301.6 69.8 136.6 .7 508.7 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.5 2.5 3.0 .3 1.1995 301.3 64.7 145.3 .3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 .3 1.1996 303.1 70.6 143.1 .1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.1997 303.6 70.2 144.7 .2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 .3 1.1998 305.9 64.2 147.5 .1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.1999 305.5 57.5 161.7 .2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 .4 2.2000 305.2 59.8 184.0 .1 549.0 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 .4 2.4 2001 305.2 63.8 215.5 .1 584.5 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.5 2.9 2.2 .4 R3.2002 305.8 57.5 268.1 .1 631.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.4 2.9 2.3 .4 4.4 2003 303.0 58.6 304.2 .1 665.9 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.4 2.8 2.1 .4 6.2004 303.2 57.3 322.6 .1 683.2 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.5 2.6 2.2 .4 6.2005 303.4 56.9 335.8 (s) 696.2 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.4 2.6 2.3 .4 8.2006 303.4 55.8 341.9 .1 701.2 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.5 2.7 2.3 .4 11.2007 R303.2 R53.9 R347.6 R.1 R704.9 R100.3 R21.9 R77.5 R1.5 R3.1 R2.2 .5 R16.

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 10

1989 1.5 0.2 6.1 – 7.7 – – – 0.2 0.2 – – – 1990 2.4 .2 8.1 – 10.7 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1991 2.9 .4 9.2 – 12.5 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1992 3.5 .3 10.9 (s) 14.7 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1993 3.8 .7 12.3 – 16.8 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1994 4.5 .7 15.9 – 21.0 – – – .3 .2 – – – 1995 4.8 .8 16.6 – 22.1 – – – .4 .2 – – – 1996 5.0 .7 18.4 – 24.0 – – – .3 .3 – – – 1997 4.9 .8 18.7 (s) 24.4 – – – .3 .4 – – – 1998 5.0 .8 19.6 – 25.5 – – – .4 .4 – – – 1999 5.2 1.1 19.4 – 25.7 – – – .4 .4 – – – 2000 5.0 .9 20.7 .3 26.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – 2001 4.6 1.0 21.2 .3 27.1 – – (s) .1 .4 – – R – 2002 5.2 1.1 28.5 .2 34.9 – – – .1 .4 – – – 2003 5.5 1.1 34.9 .2 41.7 – – (s) .2 .5 – – – 2004 5.6 .7 32.6 .3 39.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2005 5.6 .5 31.7 .3 38.1 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2006 5.8 1.0 30.0 .3 37.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2007 R5.9 R.9 R29.5 R.3 R36.6 – – R – .2 .4 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to thepublic. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

10 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include elec

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the predominant energy source. • See Table 8.11d electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Gen• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administratio

Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility,Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2007

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydro

electric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind 

5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 9

1989 0.3 0.2 0.6 – 1.0 – – (s) (s) 0.2 – – – 1990 .3 .2 .7 – 1.2 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – 1991 .2 .2 .7 – 1.1 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – 1992 .2 .2 .8 – 1.2 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – 1993 .3 .2 .9 – 1.3 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 1994 .3 .2 1.2 – 1.7 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 1995 .3 .2 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 1996 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 1997 .3 .4 1.2 – 1.9 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 1998 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – 1999 .3 .4 1.1 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – 2000 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2001 .3 .3 1.9 – 2.5 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 2002 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2003 .3 .3 1.0 – 1.7 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2004 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2005 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2006 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2007 .4 .3 R1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 

Industrial Sector 10

1989 4.8 0.7 9.7 1.2 16.5 – – 0.5 4.1 0.2 – – – 1990 4.8 .9 10.3 1.3 17.3 – – .6 4.3 .2 – – – 1991 4.7 1.1 9.8 1.4 17.1 – – .6 4.8 .2 – – – 1992 4.8 1.1 10.3 1.4 17.6 – – .6 4.8 .3 – – – 1993 4.9 1.0 10.9 1.2 18.0 – – .6 5.0 .3 – – – 1994 5.0 1.0 11.0 1.4 18.5 – – 1.1 5.0 .3 – – – 1995 5.0 1.0 11.3 1.4 18.7 – – 1.1 4.9 .2 – – – 1996 5.0 .9 11.5 1.6 19.0 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 1997 4.8 1.1 11.9 1.3 19.2 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 1998 4.6 1.0 12.0 1.5 19.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 1999 4.4 1.1 12.9 1.7 20.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 2000 4.6 .8 13.7 2.0 21.2 – – 1.1 4.4 .2 – – – 2001 4.2 1.1 14.1 1.3 20.7 – – 1.0 4.2 .1 – – – 2002 4.0 .7 14.7 1.8 21.2 – – 1.0 4.3 .1 – – – 2003 4.1 .7 15.3 1.7 21.9 – – .8 4.3 .1 – – – 2004 3.8 .8 14.8 1.9 21.3 – – .6 4.5 .2 – – – 2005 4.0 .8 14.5 1.8 21.0 – – .7 4.5 .2 – – – 2006 3.3 1.0 15.3 1.8 21.4 – – .7 4.7 .2 – – – 2007 3.2 R.9 R14.7 R1.9 R20.6 – – R.3 R5.0 .2 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the predominant energy source. • See Tables 8.11b and 8.and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatisPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Gen• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annu
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2008 Capacity Margin, 1996-2008U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2008 North American Electric Reliability Council Ma268 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Summer

Notes: • Values for 2008 are forecast. • Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more

peak loads on individual systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary forinformation on North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC).

Source: Table 8.12.

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

300600900

Gigawatts Winter

47 50

34

48

147

182

32

117

65

47 41

62

184

205

44

142

ERCOT FRCC MRO NPCC RFC SERC SPP WECC

0

50

100150200250

Gigawatts

Summer Winter

1996 1998 2000 2002 

0

10203040

Percent Summer

Winter

(U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2008

 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 1

North American Electric Reliability Council Regions 2

Contiguous

United

States

ASC

(Alask

ECAR 

3 ERCOT FRCC MAAC 3 MAIN 3

MRO 4

(U.S.)

NPCC

(U.S.) RFC 5 SERC SPP

WECC 6

(U.S.)

Summer 8

1986 69,606 39,335 – – 37,564 35,943 21,029 39,026 – – 105,570 47,123 81,787 476,983 – 1987 72,561 39,339 – – 40,526 37,446 23,162 42,651 – – 109,798 47,723 82,967 496,173 – 1988 79,149 40,843 – – 43,110 41,139 24,899 45,245 – – 115,168 49,356 90,551 529,460 – 1989 75,442 40,402 – – 41,614 39,460 24,336 45,031 – – 117,729 49,439 90,657 524,110 456 1990 79,258 42,737 – – 42,613 40,740 24,994 44,116 – – 121,943 52,541 97,389 546,331 463 1991 81,224 41,870 – – 45,937 41,598 25,498 46,594 – – 124,716 51,885 92,096 551,418 471 1992 78,550 42,619 – – 43,658 38,819 22,638 43,658 – – 128,236 51,324 99,205 548,707 504 1993 80,930 44,255 – – 46,494 41,956 24,396 46,706 – – 135,704 57,106 97,809 575,356 511 1994 87,165 44,162 – – 46,019 42,562 27,000 47,581 – – 132,584 56,035 102,212 585,320 524 1995 92,619 46,618 – – 48,577 45,782 29,192 47,705 – – 146,569 59,595 103,592 620,249 622 1996 90,798 47,480 – – 44,302 46,402 28,253 45,094 – – 145,650 60,072 108,739 616,790 – 1997 93,492 50,541 35,375 49,464 45,887 29,787 49,269 – – 137,382 36,479 110,001 637,677 – 1998 93,784 54,666 38,730 48,445 47,509 30,722 49,566 – – 143,226 37,724 115,921 660,293 – 1999 99,239 55,529 37,493 51,645 51,535 31,903 52,855 – – 149,685 38,609 113,629 682,122 – 2000 92,033 57,606 37,194 49,477 52,552 28,605 50,057 – – 156,088 40,199 114,602 678,413 – 2001 100,235 55,201 39,062 54,015 56,344 28,321 55,949 – – 149,293 40,273 109,119 687,812 – 2002 102,996 56,248 40,696 55,569 56,396 29,119 56,012 – – 158,767 39,688 119,074 714,565 – 2003 98,487 59,996 40,475 53,566 56,988 28,831 55,018 – – 153,110 40,367 122,537 709,375 – 2004 95,300 58,531 42,383 52,049 53,439 29,351 52,549 – – 157,615 40,106 123,136 704,459 – 2005 – – 60,210 46,396 – – – – 39,918 58,960 190,200 190,705 41,727 130,760 758,876 – 2006 – – 62,339 45,751 – – – – 42,194 63,241 191,920 199,052 42,882 142,096 789,475 – 2007 – – R62,188 R46,676 – – – – R41,684 R58,314 R181,700 R209,109 R43,167 R139,389 R782,227 – 2008F – – 64,927 47,364 – – – – 41,222 61,779 184,000 204,791 43,800 142,032 789,915 – 

Winter 9

1986 64,561 28,730 – – 32,807 28,036 18,850 37,976 – – 101,849 33,877 76,171 422,857 – 1987 68,118 31,399 – – 35,775 30,606 19,335 41,902 – – 105,476 34,472 81,182 448,265 – 1988 67,771 34,621 – – 36,363 30,631 20,162 42,951 – – 108,649 35,649 82,937 459,734 – 1989 73,080 38,388 – – 38,161 33,770 21,360 42,588 – – 121,995 42,268 84,768 496,378 626 1990 67,097 35,815 – – 36,551 32,461 21,113 40,545 – – 117,448 38,949 94,252 484,231 613 1991 71,181 35,448 – – 37,983 33,420 21,432 41,866 – – 119,575 38,759 86,097 485,761 622 1992 72,885 35,055 – – 37,915 31,289 21,866 41,125 – – 121,250 39,912 91,686 492,983 635 1993 81,846 35,407 – – 41,406 34,966 21,955 42,063 – – 133,635 41,644 88,811 521,733 632 1994 75,638 36,180 – – 40,653 33,999 23,033 42,547 – – 132,661 42,505 91,037 518,253 641 1995 83,465 36,965 – – 40,790 35,734 23,429 42,755 – – 142,032 44,624 94,890 544,684 676 1996 84,534 38,868 – – 40,468 37,162 24,251 41,208 – – 143,060 49,095 95,435 554,081 – 1997 75,670 37,966 33,076 37,217 34,973 25,390 41,338 – – 122,649 27,437 94,158 529,874 – 1998 84,401 41,876 39,975 36,532 37,410 26,080 44,199 – – 127,416 27,847 101,822 567,558 – 1999 86,239 39,164 40,178 40,220 39,081 25,200 45,227 – – 128,563 27,963 99,080 570,915 – 2000 84,546 44,641 38,606 43,256 41,943 24,536 43,852 – – 139,146 30,576 97,324 588,426 – 2001 85,485 44,015 40,922 39,458 40,529 21,815 42,670 – – 135,182 29,614 96,622 576,312 – 2002 87,300 45,414 45,635 46,551 42,412 23,645 46,009 – – 141,882 30,187 95,951 604,986 – 2003 86,332 42,702 36,841 45,625 41,719 24,134 48,079 – – 137,972 28,450 102,020 593,874 – 2004 91,800 44,010 44,839 45,905 42,929 24,526 48,176 – – 144,337 29,490 102,689 618,701 – 2005 – – 48,141 42,657 – – – – 33,748 46,828 151,600 164,638 31,260 107,493 626,365 – 2006 – – 50,402 42,526 – – – – 34,677 46,697 149,631 175,163 30,792 111,093 640,981 – 2007 – – R50,408 R41,701 – – – – R33,191 R46,795 R141,900 R179,888 R31,322 R112,700 R637,905 – 2008F – – 47,270 49,601 – – – – 34,100 48,323 147,100 182,055 31,954 116,586 656,989 – 

1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur

at the same time interval. 2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Council (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S. portionof NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions. 3 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Utility members joined other reliability regionalcouncils. 4 MRO was renamed from MAPP in 2004. 5 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) came into existence on January 1, 2006. Many of the former utilitymembers of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN joined RFC.

6 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002. 7 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than

estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak 

demand does not include estimated demand for direct contrinterruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous Un

8 The summer peak period is June through September. 9 The winter peak period is December through February of th

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric P

3.1-3.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Sforms. 
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2007 Actual Peakload Reductions, 2007Energy Savings, 1989-2007 Costs, 1989-2007270 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 8.13.

12 14

16

17

23

25

30 30

25

27 26

23

25

23 23 24

26

27

30

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

10203040

Gigawatts

42

12,566

58

17,710

Total: 30,276 Megawatts (MW)

Energy Efficiency

17,710 MW

(58%)

Load Management

12,566 MW

(42%)

15

20

25

36

45

52

57

62

56

49 51

54 54 54

50

55

60

64

69

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

1530456075

Billion Kilowatthours 0.9 1.2 1.8

2.3

2.7 2.7

2.4

1.9

1.6

1.4 1.4

1.6 

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 

0

1

2

3

Billion Nominal Dollars1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2007

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions 1

Energy Efficiency Energy Savings 

2 Load Management 3 Total

Megawatts Million Kilowatthours 

1989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 1990 NA NA 13,704 20,458 1991 NA NA 15,619 24,848 1992 7,890 9,314 17,204 35,563 1993 10,368 12,701 23,069 45,294 1994 11,662 13,340 25,001 52,483 1995 13,212 16,347 29,561 57,421 1996 14,243 15,650 29,893 61,842 1997 13,327 11,958 25,284 56,406 1998 13,591 13,640 27,231 49,167 1999 13,452 13,003 26,455 50,563 2000 12,873 10,027 22,901 53,701 2001 13,027 11,928 24,955 53,936 2002 13,420 9,516 22,936 54,075 2003 13,581 9,323 22,904 50,265 2004 14,272 9,260 23,532 54,710 2005 15,351 10,359 25,710 59,897 2006 15,959 11,281 27,240 63,817 2007 17,710 12,566 30,276 69,071 

1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility

demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actualpeak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actualand potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variableconditions.

2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use

devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overallelectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce thesame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples includehigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, andheat recovery systems.

3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"

and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interruptconsumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interruptingpower supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usuallyinvolves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance

with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at ti

of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at thusually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In soaffected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) with contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating 

4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.

NA=Not available. Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs o

since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be terminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Soprograms to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mYork Energy Research and Development Authority and the "EfPublic Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to tby the Energy Information Administration.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1995—Energy Information Administration (

Report." • 1996 forward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2007 (Jan
Electricity

Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that

generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independentpower producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with agenerator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with agenerator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid and

included in data for the electric power sector.

Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only andcombined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard IndustrialClassification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 are assigned tothe Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11 (agriculture,forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23(construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and 22131(water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector. Thosewith all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA-860,“Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to indicate the primarypurpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860/eia860.doc.Note 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Through the Annual Energy Review(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuelsand hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate toconvert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat ratefor geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to all

traded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric

power and geothermal energy are no longer inconsumption data. They continue to be included in as components of electricity net imports, with eneTables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 200

0.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable e

forward.

Table 8.1 Sources: Net Generation, Electric Po

Generation, Commercial Sector: Table 8.2d. Sector: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Co"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with genmegawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Eleall other plants. • October 1977-1978—Federal E(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Reporcapacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form Generating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1979—Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capand EIA estimates for all other plants. • 1980-19average generation over the 6-year period of 1974-18.2d. Net Generation, Total: Table 8.2a. ImpSeptember 1977—Unpublished FPC data. • OctoEconomic Regulatory Administration (ERA) data. • (DOE), Office of Energy Emergency Operations, Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar YeJune 1982). • 1982 and 1983—DOE, ERA, Electrnational Borders. • 1984-1986—DOE, ERA, ElInternational Borders. • 1987 and 1988—DO"Annual Report of International Electrical Export/IFossil Energy, Form FE-781R, "Annual ReporExport/Import Data." • 1990 forward—National EDOE, Fossil Energy, Office of Fuels Programs, FData." For 2001 forward, data from the California are used in combination with the Form FE-781R valuwith Mexico. T & D Losses and Unaccounted for: net generation and imports minus total end use and ex

272 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Nuclear Energy

9

Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States (rectangulareactor building and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bruce Mansfield coafired power plant (southwestern Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units

Operable Units,1 1957-2008 Full-Power Operating Licenses Issued,2 1957-2

Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2008 Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1957-2008

274 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Units holding full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end

of the year.

2 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission.

Note: Data are at end of year.Source: Table 9.1.

1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 

048

12

16

Number

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Number of Units

1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 198

048

12

16

Number

Peak: 112 Units in 1990

104 Units

In 2008

PermanentShutdowns

Total Units Ordered: 259

28

104

Operable

Units1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2008

Year

Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) 1 Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52) 1

Pe

Sh

Construction

Permits

Issued 2,3

Low-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,4

Full-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,5

Early Site

Permits

Issued 3

Combined

License Applications

Under Review

Combined

Licenses

Issued 3

1955 1 0 0 – – – – – – 1956 3 0 0 – – – – – – 1957 1 1 1 – – – – – – 1958 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1959 3 1 1 – – – – – – 1960 7 1 1 – – – – – – 1961 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1962 1 7 6 – – – – – – 1963 1 3 2 – – – – – – 1964 3 2 3 – – – – – – 1965 1 0 0 – – – – – – 1966 5 1 2 – – – – – – 1967 14 3 3 – – – – – – 1968 23 0 0 – – – – – – 1969 7 4 4 – – – – – – 1970 10 4 3 – – – – – – 1971 4 5 2 – – – – – – 1972 8 6 6 – – – – – – 1973 14 12 15 – – – – – – 1974 23 14 15 – – – – – – 1975 9 3 2 – – – – – – 1976 9 7 7 – – – – – – 1977 15 4 4 – – – – – – 1978 13 3 4 – – – – – – 1979 2 0 0 – – – – – – 1980 0 5 2 – – – – – – 1981 0 3 4 – – – – – – 1982 0 6 4 – – – – – – 1983 0 3 3 – – – – – – 1984 0 7 6 – – – – – – 1985 0 7 9 – – – – – – 1986 0 7 5 – – – – – – 1987 0 6 8 – – – – – – 1988 0 1 2 – – – – – – 1989 0 3 4 – – – – – – 1990 0 1 2 – – – – – – 1991 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1992 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1993 0 1 1 – – – – – – 1994 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1995 0 1 0 – – – – – – 1996 0 0 1 – – – – – – 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 2002 0 0 0 0 0 0 2003 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 0 0 0 0 0 0 2005 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 0 0 0 3 R5 0 2008 0 0 0 0 12 0 Total 177 132 132 3 17 0 

1 Data in columns 1-3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR

Part 50. Data in columns 4-6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "PendingActions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.

2 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Under

current licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operatinglicense. 3 Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses. 4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not tooperate at full power. 5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note that

some units receive full-power licenses the same year they rec

undergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation. 6 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licensesthe end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumlicenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).

R=Revised. – – = Not applicable. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at eWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: See end of section.
Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2008 Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net GeneratiNet Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2008 Capacity Factor, 1973-2008276 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total

Nuclear

1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Percent

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0

20406080

100

Percent

100 

in

2008
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2008

Year

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units 1 

Billion Kilowatthours Percent Million Kilowatts 

1957 (s) (s) 0.1 1958 .2 (s) .1 1959 .2 (s) .1 1960 .5 .1 .4 1961 1.7 .2 .4 1962 2.3 .3 .7 1963 3.2 .3 .8 1964 3.3 .3 .8 1965 3.7 .3 .8 1966 5.5 .5 1.7 1967 7.7 .6 2.7 1968 12.5 .9 2.7 1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 1974 114.0 6.1 31.9 1975 172.5 9.0 37.3 1976 191.1 9.4 43.8 1977 250.9 11.8 46.3 1978 276.4 12.5 50.8 1979 255.2 11.3 49.7 1980 251.1 11.0 51.8 1981 272.7 11.9 56.0 1982 282.8 12.6 60.0 1983 293.7 12.7 63.0 1984 327.6 13.5 69.7 1985 383.7 15.5 79.4 1986 414.0 16.6 85.2 1987 455.3 17.7 93.6 1988 527.0 19.5 94.7 1989 529.4 17.8 98.2 1990 576.9 19.0 99.6 1991 612.6 19.9 99.6 1992 618.8 20.1 99.0 1993 610.3 19.1 99.0 1994 640.4 19.7 99.1 1995 673.4 20.1 99.5 1996 674.7 19.6 100.8 1997 628.6 18.0 99.7 1998 673.7 18.6 97.1 1999 728.3 19.7 97.4 2000 753.9 19.8 97.9 2001 768.8 20.6 98.2 2002 780.1 20.2 98.7 2003 763.7 19.7 99.2 2004 788.5 19.9 99.6 2005 782.0 19.3 100.0 2006 787.2 19.4 100.3 2007 R806.4 19.4 R100.3 2008P 806.2 19.6 100.3 

1 At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. 2 See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.

Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclea

Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: • 19Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review (MaEIA, Monthly Energy Review (March 2009), Table 8.1. Annual monthly capacity factors.
Figure 9.3 Uranium Overview

Production and Trade, 1949-2008 Production and Trade, 2008Inventories, End of Year 1981-2008 Average Prices, 1981-2008278 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Purchased

Imports

Purchased

Imports

Domestic

Purchases

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. 

Source: Table 9.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Export Sales Domestic Concentrate Production

4

57

Domestic Purchased Import

0

204060

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Concentrate Production

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150200

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Total

1985 1990 1995 

0

1020304050

Nominal Dollars1 per Pound Uranium Oxide Electric PlantsDomestic Suppliers
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Domestic

Concentrate

Production 1

Purchased

Imports 2

Export 2

Sales 

Electric Plant

Purchases From

Domestic Suppliers

Loaded Into

U.S. Nuclear

Reactors 3

Inventories 

Domestic Suppliers Electric Plants Total Pur

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide No

1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .92 5.5 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 5.56 7.6 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 35.28 36.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 20.88 8.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 25.81 .0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 24.55 .0 .4 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 25.80 .0 .2 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 26.47 .0 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 23.06 .0 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 1982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 1983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 1984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 1985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 1986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 1987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 1988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 1989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 1990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 1991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 1992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 1993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 1994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 1995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 1996 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 1997 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 1998 4.71 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 1999 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 2000 3.96 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 2001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 2002 2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 57.2 48.7 53.5 102.1 2003 5,E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 62.3 39.9 45.6 85.5 2004 2.28 66.1 13.2 28.2 50.1 37.5 57.7 95.2 2005 2.69 65.5 20.5 27.3 58.3 29.1 64.7 93.8 2006 4.11 64.8 18.7 27.9 51.7 29.1 77.5 106.6 2007 4.53 54.1 14.8 18.5 R 45.5 R 31.2 R 81.2 R 112.4 2008 3.90 57.1 17.2 20.4 P 51.3 P 26.9 P 81.9 P 108.8 

1 See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 2 Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy

Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were fortransactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small. 3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. 

Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclea

Sources: • 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Gra

Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. • 196(EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2003 Production Report" (May 2009), Table 3; EIA, "2008 Uranium Ma5, 18, 19, 21, and 22; and EIA, Form EIA-858, "Uranium Marketi
Nuclear Energy

Note 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units. Much of Table 9.1 is

based on the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following thepassage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and procedural reforms initiated in 1989by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.)

In 2007, the NRC issued three Early Site Permits (ESPs) under 10 CFR Part

52—for Clinton (Illinois); Grand Gulf (Mississippi); and North Anna (Virginia). Asof December 31, 2008, the ESP application for Vogtle (Georgia) was under review.No new ESP applications have been submitted since August 2006.

In 2007, the NRC had five Combined License (COL) applications under

review—for Bellefonte 3 and 4 (Alabama); Calvert Cliffs 3 (Maryland); NorthAnna 3 (Virginia); and South Texas Project 3 and 4 (Texas), and William StatesLee III (South Carolina). As of December 2008, an additional 12 COL applications were either under review or had been submitted to the NRC—for Bell Bend(Pennsylvania); Callaway 2 (Missouri); Comanche Peak 3 and 4 (Texas); Fermi 3(Michigan); Grand Gulf 2 (Mississippi); Shearon Harris 2 and 3 (North Carolina);Levy County 1 and 2 (Florida); Nine Mile Point 3 (New York); River Bend 2(Louisiana); Virgil C. Summer 2 and 3 (South Carolina); Victoria County 1 and 2(Texas); and Vogtle 3 and 4 (Georgia). Of the 12 new COL applications, BellBend, Levy, Victoria, and William States Lee III are the only sites that do not yethave any reactors. These 17 COL applications represent a total of 26 reactors. Inaddition to the COL applications currently under review, Watts Bar 2 is currentlyunder construction. Issued a construction permit for Watts Bar 2 in 1973, theTennessee Valley Authority plans to complete construction and bring the unit online in 2012. This is the only reactor that is anticipated to apply for the license

separate of construction permit. 

As of December 31, 2008, 14 applications for license extensions were under

review by the NRC. The oldest application still pending, first submitted in July2005, was for the oldest commercial reactor still in service, the Mark 1 BoilingWater Reactor at Oyster Creek. The most recent application, submitted on December 18, 2008, was for the Crystal River 3 plant (Florida). On April 8, 2009, theNRC granted a 20-year license extension to Oyster Creek, reducing the number ofapplications currently under review to 13.

For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.

Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the Energy InformationAdministration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fully describe thehistory of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time frame wasextended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories wererevised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquirethe data for the revised categories, it was necessary to develop a reactor unit

database employing different sources than those usestill used for Table 9.2. 

The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nucl

that the units contributed power to the commercial eunits ever ordered was identified. Although most ordeties, several units are or were ordered, owned, and opFederal Government, including BONUS (Boiling Nucl

Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2, HalShippingport.

A reactor is generally defined as operable in Tab

power license from the Nuclear Regulatory CommAtomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permissiyear. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclicenses during long, non-routine shutdowns. For exa

 In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Authority 

3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shut down unBrowns Ferry 1 was authorized by the NRC other units restarted in 1991, 1995, 1988, anunits were counted as operable during the shu

 Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 

water breeder reactor, but is counted as operabl

 Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 19

izer heater sleeves but is counted as operable d

Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three 

granted a full-power license in April 1989, but was snever restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable awould introduce a statistical discrepancy in the tal

Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unit for several years, it is considered permanently shut doTable 9.1 Sources: Operable Units: • 1955-sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy (DOPrograms, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Milestones." • 1983 forward–Energy Information EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," and Data: • 1955-1997–U.S. Atomic Energy CommisCongress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; NucleaProfile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development (1988Power 1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear Re

Planned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commiss(1997 and 1998) and "Plant Status Report"; and variotor officials. • 1998 forward–NRC, Information Dige

280 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Renewable Energy

10

Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2008 Renewable Energy Total Consumption and `

 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source

282 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 2 Fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products from the production

of fuel ethanol and biodisel.

3 Conventional hydroelectric power.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.

– Wood 28%– Hydroelectric

Power3

34%

Petroleum

37%

Natural Gas

24%

7%

Coal

23%

9%

Tota

Nuclear Electric

Power

– Wind 7%

– Solar/PV 1%– Geothermal 5%– Waste1 6%

– Biofuels2 19%

Renewable

Energy

Wood

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

7%

2.5

2.0

1.4

0.5 

Hydroelectric Wood Biofuels2 Wind 

0

1

2

3

Quadrillion Btu

Power3 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected 

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Production 1 Consumption

Biomass Total

Renewable

Energy 4

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 6 Solar/PV 7 Wind 8

Biomass 

Biofuels 

2 Total 3 Wood 9 Waste 10 Biofuel

1949 NA 1,549 2,974 1,425 NA NA NA 1,549 NA NA 1950 NA 1,562 2,978 1,415 NA NA NA 1,562 NA NA 1955 NA 1,424 2,784 1,360 NA NA NA 1,424 NA NA 1960 NA 1,320 2,929 1,608 1 NA NA 1,320 NA NA 1965 NA 1,335 3,398 2,059 4 NA NA 1,335 NA NA 1970 NA 1,431 4,076 2,634 11 NA NA 1,429 2 NA 1971 NA 1,432 4,268 2,824 12 NA NA 1,430 2 NA 1972 NA 1,503 4,398 2,864 31 NA NA 1,501 2 NA 1973 NA 1,529 4,433 2,861 43 NA NA 1,527 2 NA 1974 NA 1,540 4,769 3,177 53 NA NA 1,538 2 NA 1975 NA 1,499 4,723 3,155 70 NA NA 1,497 2 NA 1976 NA 1,713 4,768 2,976 78 NA NA 1,711 2 NA 1977 NA 1,838 4,249 2,333 77 NA NA 1,837 2 NA 1978 NA 2,038 5,039 2,937 64 NA NA 2,036 1 NA 1979 NA 2,152 5,166 2,931 84 NA NA 2,150 2 NA 1980 NA 2,476 5,485 2,900 110 NA NA 2,474 2 NA 1981 13 R2,597 R5,478 2,758 123 NA NA 2,496 88 11982 35 2,664 6,034 3,266 105 NA NA 2,510 119 31983 R64 R2,906 R6,562 3,527 129 NA (s) 2,684 157 R64 1984 R79 R2,973 R6,524 3,386 165 (s) (s) 2,686 208 R71985 R95 R3,018 R6,187 2,970 198 (s) (s) 2,687 236 R91986 R109 R2,934 R6,225 3,071 219 (s) (s) 2,562 263 R101987 R125 R2,877 R5,741 2,635 229 (s) (s) 2,463 289 R121988 R127 R3,019 R5,570 2,334 217 (s) (s) 2,577 315 R121989 R128 R3,162 R6,394 2,837 317 55 22 2,680 354 R121990 R113 R2,737 R6,208 3,046 336 60 29 2,216 408 R111991 R131 R2,784 R6,240 3,016 346 63 31 2,214 440 R131992 R148 R2,935 R5,995 2,617 349 64 30 2,313 473 R141993 R173 R2,912 R6,265 2,892 364 66 31 2,260 479 R171994 R192 R3,031 R6,157 2,683 338 69 36 2,324 515 R191995 R202 R3,103 R6,705 3,205 294 70 33 2,370 531 R201996 R144 R3,158 R7,168 3,590 316 71 33 2,437 577 R141997 190 R3,112 R7,181 3,640 325 70 34 2,371 551 181998 R207 2,933 6,659 3,297 328 70 31 2,184 542 201999 215 2,969 6,683 3,268 331 69 46 2,214 540 212000 238 3,010 6,262 2,811 317 66 57 2,262 511 242001 260 2,629 5,318 2,242 311 65 70 2,006 364 252002 R314 2,712 5,899 2,689 328 64 105 1,995 402 302003 R411 2,815 R6,148 2,825 331 64 115 2,002 401 R412004 R500 3,011 6,248 2,690 341 65 142 2,121 389 512005 R581 R3,120 R6,410 2,703 343 66 178 R2,136 403 R592006 R743 R3,309 R6,857 2,869 343 72 264 R2,152 R414 792007 R1,011 R3,583 6,800 R2,446 R349 R81 R341 R2,142 R430 R1,022008P 1,429 3,900 7,316 2,452 358 91 514 2,041 431 1,41

1 Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels. 2 Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 3 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, fuel ethanol, and biodiesel. 4 Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 6 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate),

and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled

plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy.

8 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 9 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

10 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewa

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption, plus losses an

ethanol and biodiesel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • See Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Con

E1 for estimated renewable energy consumption for 1635-1components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewa

Sources: Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. All Other Data: 
Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2008

Residential Sector Commercial1 Sector, Major SourcesIndustrial1 Sector, Major Sources Transportation Sector284 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants.

2 Wood and wood-derived fuels.3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes small

amounts of commercial sector use. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

5 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal

solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel

6 From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.7 The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85

substitutes or additives.

Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

0

20406080

Trillion Btu Wood2

Waste 5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Solar/PV3 and Geothermal4

Wood 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 200

0

200400600800

1,000

Trillion Btu

Waste 5

Wood 

Geothermal4

Biomass 7

Losses and

Co-products 6
Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sec

End-Use Sectors, 1949-2008End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2008 End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Secto

Shares of Total Renewable Energy Consu

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

1Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants.

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c. Sources: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.

0.6

0.1

2.1

0.8

3.7

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Power

Sector End-Use Sectors

Residential

Commercial1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power

Sector

51%

End-Use

Sectors

49%

Industrial1
286 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1

Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3

Biomass

Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 2

 Biomass

Wood 

4 Wood 4 Waste 6 Fuel Ethanol 7 

1949 NA NA 1,055 1,055 NA NA 20 NA NA 1950 NA NA 1,006 1,006 NA NA 19 NA NA 1955 NA NA 775 775 NA NA 15 NA NA 1960 NA NA 627 627 NA NA 12 NA NA 1965 NA NA 468 468 NA NA 9 NA NA 1970 NA NA 401 401 NA NA 8 NA NA 1971 NA NA 382 382 NA NA 7 NA NA 1972 NA NA 380 380 NA NA 7 NA NA 1973 NA NA 354 354 NA NA 7 NA NA 1974 NA NA 371 371 NA NA 7 NA NA 1975 NA NA 425 425 NA NA 8 NA NA 1976 NA NA 482 482 NA NA 9 NA NA 1977 NA NA 542 542 NA NA 10 NA NA 1978 NA NA 622 622 NA NA 12 NA NA 1979 NA NA 728 728 NA NA 14 NA NA 1980 NA NA 850 850 NA NA 21 NA NA 1981 NA NA 870 870 NA NA 21 NA (s) 1982 NA NA 970 970 NA NA 22 NA (s) 1983 NA NA 970 970 NA NA 22 NA (s) 1984 NA NA 980 980 NA NA 22 NA (s) 1985 NA NA 1,010 1,010 NA NA 24 NA (s) 1986 NA NA 920 920 NA NA 27 NA (s) 1987 NA NA 850 850 NA NA 29 NA 1 1988 NA NA 910 910 NA NA 32 NA 1 1989 5 53 920 978 1 3 76 22 1 1990 6 56 580 641 1 3 66 28 1 1991 6 58 610 674 1 3 68 26 (s) 1992 6 60 640 706 1 3 72 32 (s) 1993 7 62 550 618 1 3 76 33 (s) 1994 6 64 520 590 1 4 72 35 (s) 1995 7 65 520 591 1 5 72 40 (s) 1996 7 65 540 612 1 5 76 53 (s) 1997 8 65 430 503 1 6 73 58 (s) 1998 8 65 380 452 1 7 64 54 (s) 1999 9 64 390 462 1 7 67 54 (s) 2000 9 61 420 490 1 8 71 47 (s) 2001 9 60 370 439 1 8 67 25 (s) 2002 10 59 380 449 (s) 9 69 26 (s) 2003 13 58 400 471 1 11 71 29 1 2004 14 59 410 483 1 12 70 34 1 2005 16 61 R430 R507 1 14 70 34 1 2006 18 67 R390 R475 1 14 65 36 1 2007 22 R75 R430 R527 1 14 R69 R31 2 2008P 26 83 490 599 1 15 72 32 3 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end ofSection 8.

2 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate). Includes a small amount of commercial sector use. 4 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable w

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 7 The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10) consumed by th

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 tNotes: • All values are estimated, except for commercial sec

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent round

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://ww

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.h

Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Y

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector 1 

Hydroelectric

Power 2

Geothermal 3

Biomass

Total

Wood 4 Waste 5

Fuel

Ethanol 6

Losses and

Co-products 7 Total

Fuel

Ethanol 8 

1949 76 NA 468 NA NA NA 468 544 NA 1950 69 NA 532 NA NA NA 532 602 NA 1955 38 NA 631 NA NA NA 631 669 NA 1960 39 NA 680 NA NA NA 680 719 NA 1965 33 NA 855 NA NA NA 855 888 NA 1970 34 NA 1,019 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 NA 1971 34 NA 1,040 NA NA NA 1,040 1,074 NA 1972 34 NA 1,113 NA NA NA 1,113 1,147 NA 1973 35 NA 1,165 NA NA NA 1,165 1,200 NA 1974 33 NA 1,159 NA NA NA 1,159 1,192 NA 1975 32 NA 1,063 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 NA 1976 33 NA 1,220 NA NA NA 1,220 1,253 NA 1977 33 NA 1,281 NA NA NA 1,281 1,314 NA 1978 32 NA 1,400 NA NA NA 1,400 1,432 NA 1979 34 NA 1,405 NA NA NA 1,405 1,439 NA 1980 33 NA 1,600 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 NA 1981 33 NA 1,602 87 (s) 6 1,695 1,728 7 1982 33 NA 1,516 118 (s) 16 R1,650 R1,683 19 1983 33 NA 1,690 155 (s) R29 R1,875 R1,908 34 1984 33 NA 1,679 204 1 R36 R1,919 R1,952 42 1985 33 NA 1,645 230 1 R43 R1,919 R1,952 51 1986 33 NA 1,610 256 1 R49 R1,916 R1,949 59 1987 33 NA 1,576 282 1 R56 R1,915 R1,948 67 1988 33 NA 1,625 308 1 R57 R1,990 R2,023 68 1989 28 2 1,584 200 1 R57 R1,842 R1,872 69 1990 31 2 1,442 192 1 R50 R1,685 R1,718 62 1991 30 2 1,410 185 1 R58 R1,653 R1,685 72 1992 31 2 1,461 179 1 R65 R1,706 R1,739 81 1993 30 2 1,484 181 1 R76 R1,742 R1,774 96 1994 62 3 1,580 199 1 R84 R1,864 R1,929 107 1995 55 3 1,652 195 2 R87 R1,936 R1,994 115 1996 61 3 1,683 224 1 R62 1,970 R2,034 82 1997 58 3 1,731 184 1 R82 R1,998 R2,059 104 1998 55 3 1,603 180 1 88 1,873 1,931 115 1999 49 4 1,620 171 1 92 1,883 1,936 120 2000 42 4 1,636 145 1 101 1,884 1,930 138 2001 33 5 1,443 129 3 110 1,684 1,721 144 2002 39 5 1,396 146 3 133 1,679 R1,722 171 2003 43 3 1,363 142 5 R173 1,684 R1,730 233 2004 33 4 1,476 132 6 210 1,824 R1,860 292 2005 32 4 1,452 148 7 R240 R1,847 R1,883 334 2006 29 4 1,515 R147 R10 R300 R1,972 R2,005 451 2007 R16 5 1,457 R162 R10 R399 R2,028 R2,048 R568 2008P 19 5 1,298 157 14 563 2,032 2,056 792 

1 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 5 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

6 The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10) consumed by the industrial sector. 7 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include natural

gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel—these

are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the 

8 The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85) c9 "Biodiesel is any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fue

"Biodiesel" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • All values are estimated, except for industrial sec

1989 forward. • Totals may not equal sum of components due t

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewa

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2008Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2008 Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2008288 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.2 Wind electricity net generation.3 Geothermal electricity net generation.4 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid

waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

5 Wood and wood-driven fuels.6 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation.

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-usSource: Table 10.2c.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Geothermal3

514

312

242

Wind2 Geothermal3

0

100200300400500600

Trillion Btu

Wood5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

100200300400500600

Trillion Btu Waste4

Waste4

Hydroelectric Power1

Electric Power Sector Total

Wind2

Solar/PV6
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Hydroelectric

Power 1 Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3 Wind 4

Biomass

Wood 

5 Waste 6 Total

1949 1,349 NA NA NA 6 NA 6 1950 1,346 NA NA NA 5 NA 5 1955 1,322 NA NA NA 3 NA 3 1960 1,569 1 NA NA 2 NA 2 1965 2,026 4 NA NA 3 NA 3 1970 2,600 11 NA NA 1 2 4 1971 2,790 12 NA NA 1 2 3 1972 2,829 31 NA NA 1 2 3 1973 2,827 43 NA NA 1 2 3 1974 3,143 53 NA NA 1 2 3 1975 3,122 70 NA NA (s) 2 2 1976 2,943 78 NA NA 1 2 3 1977 2,301 77 NA NA 3 2 5 1978 2,905 64 NA NA 2 1 3 1979 2,897 84 NA NA 3 2 5 1980 2,867 110 NA NA 3 2 5 1981 2,725 123 NA NA 3 1 4 1982 3,233 105 NA NA 2 1 3 1983 3,494 129 NA (s) 2 2 4 1984 3,353 165 (s) (s) 5 4 9 1985 2,937 198 (s) (s) 8 7 14 1986 3,038 219 (s) (s) 5 7 12 1987 2,602 229 (s) (s) 8 7 15 1988 2,302 217 (s) (s) 10 8 17 19897 2,808 308 3 22 100 132 232 1990 3,014 326 4 29 129 188 317 1991 2,985 335 5 31 126 229 354 1992 2,586 338 4 30 140 262 402 1993 2,861 351 5 31 150 265 415 1994 2,620 325 5 36 152 282 434 1995 3,149 280 5 33 125 296 422 1996 3,528 300 5 33 138 300 438 1997 3,581 309 5 34 137 309 446 1998 3,241 311 5 31 137 308 444 1999 3,218 312 5 46 138 315 453 2000 2,768 296 5 57 134 318 453 2001 2,209 289 6 70 126 211 337 2002 2,650 305 6 105 150 230 380 2003 2,781 303 5 115 167 230 397 2004 2,656 311 6 142 165 223 388 2005 2,670 309 6 178 185 221 406 2006 2,839 306 5 264 182 231 412 2007 R2,430 R308 6 R341 R186 R237 R423 2008P 2,432 312 8 514 181 242 423 

1 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 2 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate). 3 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled

plants heat rate).

4 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trilNotes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only an

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell the public. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://ww

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.htm

Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Overview, 2008 Stocks, 1992-2008Consumption, 1981-2008 Fuel Ethanol and Biodi290 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1,340

562

778

44 13

809

Feedstock1 Losses and Production Net Imports3 Stock Change Consumption

0

500

1,0001,500

Trillion Btu

Co-products2 1995 

048

12

16

Million Barrels

9.6 Billion Gallons

in 2008

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

048

12

Billion Gallons

9.2

Fuel Ethano

0

2

468

10

Billion Gallons

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol.2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.

3 Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports a

Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2008

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses and

Co-products 2 Production

Trade

Stocks 4

Stock

Change Imports Exports 5 

Net

Imports 3

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Th

B

1981 13 6 1,978 83 7 NA NA NA NA NA 1982 35 16 5,369 225 19 NA NA NA NA NA 1983 R64 R29 9,890 415 35 NA NA NA NA NA 1984 R79 R36 12,150 510 43 NA NA NA NA NA 1985 R95 R43 14,693 617 52 NA NA NA NA NA 1986 R109 R49 16,954 712 60 NA NA NA NA NA 1987 R125 R56 19,497 819 69 NA NA NA NA NA 1988 R127 R57 19,780 831 70 NA NA NA NA NA 1989 R128 R57 20,062 843 71 NA NA NA NA NA 1990 R113 R50 17,802 748 63 NA NA NA NA NA 1991 R131 R58 20,627 866 73 NA NA NA NA NA 1992 R148 R65 23,453 985 83 NA NA NA 1,791 NA 1993 R173 R76 27,484 1,154 97 244 NA 244 2,114 323 1994 R192 R84 30,689 1,289 109 279 NA 279 2,393 279 1995 R202 R87 32,325 1,358 114 387 NA 387 2,186 -207 1996 R144 R62 23,178 973 82 313 NA 313 2,065 -121 1997 190 R82 30,674 1,288 109 85 NA 85 2,925 860 1998 R207 88 33,453 1,405 118 66 NA 66 3,406 481 1999 215 92 34,881 1,465 123 87 NA 87 4,024 618 2000 238 101 38,627 1,622 137 116 NA 116 3,400 -624 2001 259 110 42,028 1,765 149 315 NA 315 4,298 898 42002 313 133 50,956 2,140 180 306 NA 306 6,200 1,902 42003 410 R173 66,772 2,804 236 292 NA 292 5,978 -222 2004 497 210 81,058 3,404 287 3,542 NA 3,542 6,002 24 2005 R569 R240 92,961 3,904 329 3,234 NA 3,234 5,563 -439 2006 R711 R299 116,294 4,884 412 17,408 NA 17,408 8,760 3,197 12007 R948 R398 R155,263 R6,521 R549 R10,457 NA R10,457 R10,535 R1,775 R12008P 1,340 562 219,927 9,237 778 12,347 NA 12,347 14,219 63,710 2

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,

and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol—these are included in the industrialsector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.

3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 4 Stocks are at end of year. 5 A negative number indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive number indicates an increase. 6 Derived from preliminary 2007 stocks value, not final 2007 value shown in this table.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,

and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by 0.003539 (the approximate heat content of fuelethanol—see Table A3). • Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates. Beginning in 1993, only data for feedstock and losses and co-products are estimates. • Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/

petroleum_supply_monthly/psm.html.

Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as fuel ethanol production in thousand barrels multiplied by the fuel

ethanol feedstock factor—see Table A3. Losses and Co-products: Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock

minus fuel ethanol production. Production: • 1981-1992—Fu

fuel ethanol consumption—see sources for "Consumption." • consumption plus fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol the original production data from Energy Information AdmiOxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were not recthe final balance. • 2005 forward—EIA, Form EIA-819, "MonthStock Change: • 1992-2007—EIA, Petroleum Supply AnnuPetroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports. ConsumptBiofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and EIA, Office of Co(CNEAF), estimates. • 1990-1992—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomand EIA, CNEAF, estimates. • 1993-2004—EIA, PSA, annual rpercent of oxygenated finished motor gasoline field production (Table 16). • 2005-2007—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables blending components adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motoethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15). • 2008—EIACalculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustmenadjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net 
Figure 10.4 Biodiesel Overview 

Overview, 2008Consumption3, 2001-2008292 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

88

1

87

40

86

NA

Feedstock1 Losses and Production Imports Exports Stock 

0

255075

100

Trillion Btu

Co-Products Chang

2

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 

0

100200300400

Million Gallons 

1Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.3 Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.

NA= Not Available.Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2008

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses and

Co-products 2 Production

Trade

Stocks

Stock

Imports Exports Change 

Net

Imports 3

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Tho

Ba

2001 1 (s) 204 9 1 78 39 39 NA NA 2002 1 (s) 250 10 1 191 56 135 NA NA 2003 2 (s) 338 14 2 94 110 -16 NA NA 2004 4 (s) 666 28 4 97 124 -26 NA NA 2005 12 (s) 2,162 91 12 207 206 1 NA NA 22006 32 (s) 5,963 250 32 1,069 828 242 NA NA 62007 R63 1 R11,662 R490 R62 3,342 6,477 -3,135 NA NA 82008P 88 1 16,251 683 87 7,502 16,128 -8,626 NA NA 7

1 Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and

other non-biomass energy used in the production of biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sectorconsumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.

3 Net imports equal imports minus exports.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes: • Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and

are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by 0.005359 (the approximate heat content of biodiesel—seeTable A3). For other conversion factors related to biodiesel, see Table A3 (columns 11 and 12, andfootnote 8). • Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data are estimates. • Totals maynot equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.gov/cir/www/311/m311k.html.Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 0.005433

(the biodiesel feedstock factor—see Table A3). Losses and Co-products: Calculated as biodiesel

feedstock minus biodiesel production. Production: • 2001

Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Ann• 2006—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the CensuConsumption, and Stocks," Table 3A, data for soybean oil conaddition, the Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow grease were consumand 2008—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the CensConsumption, and Stocks," Table 3A, data for all fats and oils Trade: U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports data for Harmon(Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable/Mixture), and exports data for Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture). Although these categor(such as those destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items), babsence of other reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Co

Vehicles in Use, 1995-2007 Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2007Fuel Consumption, 1995-2007 Fuel Consumption by Type, 2007294 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as

alternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Compressed natural gas.

4 Liquefied natural gas.

(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.Source: Table 10.5.

247 265 280 295

322

395

425

471

534

565 592

635

696

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

200400600800

Thousand Vehicles

364

158

114

56

Ethanol1 LPG2 CNG 3 Electric

0

100200300400

Thousand Vehicles

LNG 

278

297

315 326 305 325

352

382

403

429 421 418 415

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

100200300400500

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons

179

152

54

25

CNG 3 LPG2 Ethanol1 

0

50

100150200

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992

Year

Alternative and Replacement Fuels 1

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Compressed

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Natural

Gas

Methanol,

85 Percent

(M85) 3

Methanol,

Neat

(M100) 4

Ethanol,

85 Percent

(E85) 3,5

Ethanol,

95 Percent

(E95) 3

Electricity 6 Hydro- gen Other Fuels 7 Subtotal

Oxygenates 

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 8 Ethanol 

Gasoho

Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 11 (number)

1992 NA 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1,607 NA NA NA NA NA 1993 NA 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1,690 NA NA NA NA NA 1994 NA 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 2,224 NA NA NA NA NA 1995 172,806 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 2,860 0 0 246,855 NA NA 1996 175,585 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 3,280 0 0 265,006 NA NA 1997 175,679 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 4,453 0 0 280,205 NA NA 1998 177,183 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 5,243 0 0 295,030 NA NA 1999 178,610 91,267 1,681 18,964 198 24,604 14 6,964 0 0 322,302 NA NA 2000 181,994 100,750 2,090 10,426 0 87,570 4 11,830 0 0 394,664 NA NA 2001 185,053 111,851 2,576 7,827 0 100,303 0 17,847 0 0 425,457 NA NA 2002 187,680 120,839 2,708 5,873 0 120,951 0 33,047 0 0 471,098 NA NA 2003 190,369 114,406 2,640 0 0 179,090 0 47,485 9 0 533,999 NA NA 2004 182,864 118,532 2,717 0 0 211,800 0 49,536 43 0 565,492 NA NA 2005 173,795 117,699 2,748 0 0 246,363 0 51,398 119 3 592,125 NA NA 2006 164,846 116,131 2,798 0 0 297,099 0 53,526 159 3 634,562 NA NA 2007P 158,254 114,391 2,781 0 0 364,384 0 55,730 223 3 695,766 NA NA 

Fuel Consumption 12 (thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)

1992 NA 17,159 598 1,121 2,672 22 87 359 NA NA NA 1,175,964 719,401993 NA 22,035 1,944 1,671 3,321 49 82 288 NA NA NA 2,070,897 779,951994 NA 24,643 2,398 2,455 3,347 82 144 430 NA NA NA 2,020,455 868,111995 233,178 35,865 2,821 2,122 2,255 195 1,021 663 0 0 278,121 2,693,407 934,611996 239,648 47,861 3,320 1,862 364 712 2,770 773 0 0 297,310 2,751,955 677,531997 238,845 66,495 3,798 1,630 364 1,314 1,166 1,010 0 0 314,621 3,106,745 852,511998 241,881 73,859 5,463 1,271 471 1,772 61 1,202 0 0 325,980 2,905,781 912,851999 210,247 81,211 5,959 1,126 469 4,019 64 1,524 0 0 304,618 3,405,390 975,252000 213,012 88,478 7,423 614 0 12,388 13 3,058 0 0 324,986 3,298,803 1,114,312001 216,319 106,584 9,122 461 0 15,007 0 4,066 0 0 351,558 3,354,949 1,173,322002 223,600 123,081 9,593 354 0 18,250 0 7,274 0 0 382,152 3,122,859 1,450,722003 224,697 133,222 13,503 0 0 26,376 0 5,141 2 0 402,941 2,368,400 1,919,572004 211,883 158,903 20,888 0 0 31,581 0 5,269 8 0 428,532 1,877,300 2,414,162005 188,171 166,878 22,409 0 0 38,074 0 5,219 25 2 420,778 1,654,500 2,756,662006 173,130 172,011 23,474 0 0 44,041 0 5,104 41 2 417,803 435,000 3,729,162007P 152,360 178,565 24,594 0 0 54,091 0 5,037 66 2 414,715 618,000 4,694,30

1 See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary. 2 See "Oxygenates" in Glossary. 3 Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 4 One hundred percent methanol. 5 Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarily

fleet-operated vechicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehiclemanufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2007, theEnergy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable ofoperating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 7.1 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used astraditional gasoline-powered vehicles. 6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids. 7 May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternativefuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995. 8 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).

9 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.

10 "Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"

in Glossary.

11 "Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of each

calendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration 

end users. See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.

12 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common 

allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivdisplacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the by the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate hmultiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1992-1994—Science Applications Internationa

Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final repo1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficrevised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For a tablAlternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels: An Overview (J"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003 Estimated and unpublished revisions. Data were revised by using grosforward—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels unpublished revisions.
Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade

Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2007 Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2007 Price of Total ShipmenNumber of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-1984 Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, and 1986-2007296 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit. Special collectors–evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors–are included in the medium-temperature category.

3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 1

Notes: • Shipments are for domestic and export shipm

that subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign custfor 1985. 

Source: Table 10.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

06

12

1824

Million Square Feet

1990 

0369

12

Nominal Dollars1 per Square Foot

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

345

Million Square Feet Imports

Medium-Temperature

Collectors2

Exports

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300

Number

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

300600900

1,2001,5001,800

Thousand Square Feet Low
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2007

 (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Low-Temperature Collectors 1 Medium-Temperature Collectors 2 High-Temperature Collectors 3 Total Shi

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(nominal

dollars 5 per

square foot)

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(nominal

dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

Price 4

(nominal

dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

1974 6 1,137 190 NA 39 137 4 NA NA NA 1,274 1975 13 3,026 233 NA 118 717 6 NA NA NA 3,743 1976 19 3,876 204 NA 203 1,925 10 NA NA NA 5,801 1977 52 4,743 91 NA 297 5,569 19 NA NA NA 10,312 1978 69 5,872 85 NA 204 4,988 25 NA NA NA 10,860 1979 84 8,394 100 NA 257 5,856 23 NA NA NA 14,251 1980 79 12,233 155 NA 250 7,165 29 NA NA NA 19,398 1981 75 8,677 116 NA 263 11,456 44 NA NA NA 21,133 1982 61 7,476 123 NA 248 11,145 45 NA NA NA 18,621 1983 55 4,853 88 NA 179 11,975 67 NA NA NA 16,828 1984 48 4,479 93 NA 206 11,939 58 NA 773 NA 17,191 19856 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1986 22 3,751 171 2.30 87 1,111 13 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 1987 12 3,157 263 2.18 50 957 19 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 1988 8 3,326 416 2.24 45 732 16 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 1989 10 4,283 428 2.60 36 1,989 55 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 1990 12 3,645 304 2.90 41 2,527 62 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 1991 16 5,585 349 2.90 41 989 24 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 1992 16 6,187 387 2.50 34 897 26 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 1993 13 6,025 464 2.80 33 931 28 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 1994 16 6,823 426 2.54 31 803 26 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 1995 14 6,813 487 2.32 26 840 32 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 1996 14 6,821 487 2.67 19 785 41 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 1997 13 7,524 579 2.60 21 606 29 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 1998 12 7,292 607 2.83 19 443 23 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 1999 13 8,152 627 2.08 20 427 21 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 2000 11 7,948 723 2.09 16 400 25 W 5 W 8,354 2001 10 10,919 1,092 2.15 17 268 16 W 2 W 11,189 2002 13 11,126 856 1.97 17 535 31 W 2 W 11,663 2003 12 10,877 906 2.08 17 560 33 W 7 W 11,444 2004 9 13,608 1,512 1.80 17 506 30 19.30 0 – – 14,114 2005 10 15,224 1,522 2.00 17 702 41 W 115 W 16,041 2006 11 15,546 1,413 1.95 35 1,346 38 W 3,852 W 20,744 2007 13 13,323 1,025 1.97 51 1,797 35 W 33 W 15,153 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer. 4 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising andwarranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 No data are available for 1985.

NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. W=Value withheld to 

data. 

Notes: • Shipments data are for domestic and export sh

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. • type of collector are accounted for in both groups.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1974-1992—Energy Information Administration (EI

annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal predecessor forms. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy An"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and predThermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities, annSolar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey." • 2007—EIAActivities 2007 (October 2008), Tables 2.1, 2.3, and 2.12, and Collector Manufacturers Survey."
Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by End-Use, Market Sector, and Ty

End Use Market Sector Type of CollectorEnd Use by Type of Collector298 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1Combined space and water heating.2Process heating, space cooling, and electricity generation.3Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.4Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 180

degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

5Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 16Water heating and electric generation.7Space cooling and electricity generation.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.7.

12.1

1.4

0.2 0.1

Pool Water Space Combined Other2

05

1015

Million Square Feet

12.8

0.9

Residential Commercial Industrial and

05

1015

Million Square Feet

12.0

Low- 

05

1015

Million Square Feet

Heating Electric Power Temperature3 

Heating1 

(s)

Heating

(s) 

Heating

Heating Heating

11.9

0.1

1.4

0.2 0.1 0.1

Pool Space Other Water Pool Space Combined 

05

1015

Million Square Feet

6

(s)

Heating Heating Heating

Low-Temperature Collectors3 Medium-Temperature Collectors4 

Heating1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2000-2007

 (Thousand Square Feet)

Year

and Type

By Market Sector By End Use

Residential Commercial 

1 Industrial 2

Electric

Power 3 Other 4

Pool

Heating

Water

Heating

Space

Heating

Space

Cooling

Combined

Heating 5

P

Total Shipments 6

2000 Total .... 7,473 810 57 5 10 7,863 367 99 0 2 

 Low 7 .......... 7,102 786 52 0 9 7,836 0 92 0 0  Medium 8 .... 370 23 5 (s) 1 26 365 7 0 2  High 9 .......... 1 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 (s) 

2001 Total .... 10,125 1,012 17 1 35 10,797 274 70 0 12 

 Low 7 .......... 9,885 987 12 0 34 10,782 42 61 0 0  Medium 8 .... 240 24 5 0 1 16 232 9 0 12  High 9 .......... 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2002 Total .... 11,000 595 62 4 1 11,073 423 146 (s) 17 

 Low 7 .......... 10,519 524 2 0 0 11,045 1 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 481 69 60 4 1 28 422 146 (s) 15  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 

2003 Total .... 10,506 864 71 0 2 10,800 511 76 (s) 23 

 Low 7 .......... 9,993 813 71 0 0 10,778 0 65 0 0  Medium 8 .... 513 44 0 0 2 22 511 11 (s) 16  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 

2004 Total .... 12,864 1,178 70 0 3 13,634 452 13 0 16 

 Low 7 .......... 12,386 1,178 44 0 0 13,600 0 8 0 0  Medium 8 .... 478 0 26 0 3 33 452 5 0 16  High 9 .......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2005 Total .... 14,681 1,160 31 114 56 15,041 640 228 2 16 

 Low 7 .......... 14,045 1,099 30 0 50 15,022 12 190 0 0  Medium 8 .... 636 58 1 0 6 20 628 38 0 16  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 114 0 0 0 0 2 0 

2006 Total .... 15,123 1,626 42 3,845 107 15,362 1,136 330 3 66 

 Low 7 .......... 13,906 1,500 40 0 100 15,225 10 290 0 21  Medium 8 .... 1,217 120 2 0 7 137 1,126 40 3 38  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 7 

Domestic Shipments 6

2007 Total .... 12,799 931 46 1 – 12,076 1,393 189 13 73 

 Low 7 .......... 11,352 633 – 1 – 11,917 4 63 – –  Medium 8 .... 1,447 298 18 – – 158 1,389 126 13 73  High 9 .......... – (s) 27 – – – (s) – – – 

1 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."

Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government. 2 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in

2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 

3 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in

"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 4 Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excludingspace applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector. 5 Combined space and water heating. 6 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domesticshipments only. 7 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below110° F. 8 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature

range of 140° F to 180° F, but can also operate at temperature

included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tcollectors. They operate in the temperature range from just abofor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (hispecialized industrial processes). 9 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors tha180° F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primgenerate electricity for the electric grid.

– = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feetNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 2000-2002—Energy Information Administration 

reports. • 2003-2006—EIA, Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic reports. • 2007—EIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing A
Figure 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices

Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2007 Total Shipments, 1982-Trade, 1983-2007 Prices, 1989-2007300 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that

subsequently were shipped to domestic and foreign customers. 

Source: Table 10.8.

19 18

23

15

17 17

14

17

19

23

21

19

22

24 25

21 21

19

21

19 19 20 19

29

41

46

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

0

1020304050

Number

Imports

1985 1990 

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

M

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150200250

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 20

0

1

2

34567

Nominal Dollars1 per Peak Watt Exports C
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2007

Year

U.S. Companies

Reporting

Shipments

Shipments Trade 

Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Silicon Total 2 Imports Exports Mo

Number Peak Kilowatts 3 N

1982 19 NA NA 6,897 NA NA 1983 18 NA NA 12,620 NA 1,903 1984 23 NA NA 9,912 NA 2,153 1985 15 5,461 303 5,769 285 1,670 1986 17 5,806 516 6,333 678 3,109 1987 17 5,613 1,230 6,850 921 3,821 1988 14 7,364 1,895 9,676 1,453 5,358 1989 17 10,747 1,628 12,825 826 7,363 1990 519 12,492 1,321 513,837 1,398 7,544 1991 23 14,205 723 14,939 2,059 8,905 1992 21 14,457 1,075 15,583 1,602 9,823 1993 19 20,146 782 20,951 1,767 14,814 1994 22 24,785 1,061 26,077 1,960 17,714 1995 24 29,740 1,266 31,059 1,337 19,871 1996 25 33,996 1,445 35,464 1,864 22,448 1997 21 44,314 1,886 46,354 1,853 33,793 1998 21 47,186 3,318 50,562 1,931 35,493 1999 19 73,461 3,269 76,787 4,784 55,562 2000 21 85,155 2,736 88,221 8,821 68,382 2001 19 84,651 12,541 97,666 10,204 61,356 2002 19 104,123 7,396 112,090 7,297 66,778 2003 20 97,940 10,966 109,357 9,731 60,693 2004 19 159,138 21,978 181,116 47,703 102,770 2005 29 172,965 53,826 226,916 90,981 92,451 2006 41 233,518 101,766 337,268 173,977 130,757 2007 46 310,330 202,519 517,684 238,018 237,209 

1 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and

warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,

thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications. 3 See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary. 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990.

NA=Not available. 

Note: Shipments data are for domestic and export ship

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1982-1992—Energy Information Administration (EI

annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, aThermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities, Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities 2007 (Decembe
Figure 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Us

By End UseBy Market Sector302 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Electricity for general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system.2 Electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Industrial sector only; independent power producers are in

Source: Table 10.9.

253.1

10.9 4.8 3.9 2.8 0

Grid-Interactive Remote Electric Original Transportation Water Communications Cons

0

50

100150200250300

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Electric Generation Equipment

Manufacturers

Generation1 Pumping Go

4.0

140.4

68.4

35.3 32.7

Commercial Residential Electric Power2 Industrial3 

0

50

100150

Thousand Peak Kilowatts
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2007

 (Peak Kilowatts 1 )

Year

By Market Sector By End Use

Residential Com- mercial 3 Govern- ment Indus- trial 4 Trans- portation Electric Power 5 Other 6 Commun- ications Consumer Goods

Electricity Generation 2

Health

Original

Equipment

Manufacturers 7 Tran

porta

Grid- Interactive Remote 

Total Shipments 9

1989 1,439 3,850 1,077 3,993 1,130 785 551 2,590 2,788 1,251 2,620 5 1,595 1,1990 1,701 6,086 1,002 2,817 974 826 432 4,340 2,484 469 3,097 5 1,119 1,1991 3,624 3,345 815 3,947 1,555 1,275 377 3,538 3,312 856 3,594 61 1,315 1,1992 4,154 2,386 1,063 4,279 1,673 1,553 477 3,717 2,566 1,227 4,238 67 828 1,1993 5,237 4,115 1,325 5,352 2,564 1,503 856 3,846 946 1,096 5,761 674 2,023 4,1994 6,632 5,429 2,114 6,855 2,174 2,364 510 5,570 3,239 2,296 9,253 79 1,849 2,1995 6,272 8,100 2,000 7,198 2,383 3,759 1,347 5,154 1,025 4,585 8,233 776 3,188 4,1996 8,475 5,176 3,126 8,300 3,995 4,753 1,639 6,041 1,063 4,844 10,884 977 2,410 5,1997 10,993 8,111 3,909 11,748 3,574 5,651 2,367 7,383 347 8,273 8,630 1,303 5,245 6,1998 15,936 8,460 2,808 13,232 3,440 3,965 2,720 8,280 1,198 14,193 8,634 1,061 5,044 6,1999 19,817 17,283 3,107 24,972 4,341 5,876 1,392 12,147 2,292 24,782 10,829 1,466 12,400 8,42000 24,814 13,692 4,417 28,808 5,502 6,298 4,690 12,269 2,870 21,713 14,997 2,742 12,153 12,2001 33,262 15,710 5,728 28,063 8,486 5,846 571 14,743 4,059 27,226 21,447 3,203 6,268 12,2002 29,315 20,578 8,565 32,218 12,932 7,640 841 17,290 3,400 33,983 21,693 4,202 7,869 16,2003 23,389 32,604 5,538 27,951 11,089 8,474 313 14,185 2,995 42,485 15,025 2,924 11,334 14,2004 53,928 74,509 3,257 30,493 1,380 3,233 14,316 11,348 6,444 129,265 18,371 341 6,452 1,2005 75,040 89,459 28,683 22,199 1,621 143 9,772 8,666 5,787 168,474 24,958 0 11,677 2,2006 95,815 180,852 7,688 28,618 2,458 3,981 17,857 6,888 4,030 274,197 18,003 0 6,132 2,4

Domestic Shipments 9

2007 68,417 10140,434 10 ( ) 32,702 3,627 35,294 – – 2,836 589 253,101 10,867 410 4,802 4,

1 See "Peak Killowatt" in Glossary. 2 Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity for

general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residentialsite or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation, but only for thespecific use cited.

3 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in

"Government." Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government. 4 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 

5 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in

"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 6 Through 2006, data are for shipments for specialty purposes such as research. 7 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic

technology into existing or newly developed product lines. 8 Through 2006, includes applications such as cooking food, 

9 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export sh

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. shipments only.

10 Beginning in 2007, the government sector is included in "Co

– – = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1992—Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy AnnualThermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing ActivitiesPhotovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities 2007 (Decemb
Renewable Energy

Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Table 10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricitynet generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), andgeothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plantsheat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenicsources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)consumption; fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption; and losses and co-productsfrom the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Production is assumed to equalconsumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels (biofuels productioncomprises biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).Table 10.2a SourcesResidential Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Residential Sector, Solar/PV: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office

of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates based on FormEIA-63A, “Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey,” and Form EIA63B, “Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.”Residential Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,“Residential Energy Consumption Survey”; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based onForm EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data.Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: EIA, Annual Energy Review (AER)

2008, Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Commercial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood EnergyConsumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA, CNEAF, estimate. • 1985–1988: Values interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER 2008, Table

8.7c; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-871, “Commercial BuildingsEnergy Consumption Survey.”Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste: EIA, AER 2008, Table 8.7c.

Commercial Sector, Ethanol: EIA, AER 2008, 

Calculated as commercial sector motor gasoline consby total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.1

ethanol consumption (Table 10.3).Table 10.2b SourcesIndustrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: • 1949–

8.1 and A6. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER 2008, Table

Industrial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon InstituCenter.Industrial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, E

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 a• 1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in Table 2. • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 for

8.7c; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIAConsumption Survey.”Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste: • 1981: EIConsumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumptiowaste consumption (see AER 2008, Table 10.2c). • estimates for total waste consumption minus electric tion (see AER 2008, Table 10.2c). • 1984: EIA

Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumptiowaste consumption (see AER 2008, Table 10.2c). • 

polated. • 1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Co

waste consumption minus electric power sector wast

Table 10.2c). • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 fo

8.7c; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on informaAdvisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook book, and information provided by the U.S. EnviLandfill Methane Outreach Program.Industrial Sector, Ethanol: EIA, AER 2008, Tables lated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and tconsumption (Table 10.3).Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products: EIA, A

Transportation Sector, Ethanol: EIA, AER 2008, 

Calculated as transportation sector motor gasolindivided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Taby fuel ethanol consumption (Table 10.3).Transportation Sector, Biodiesel: EIA, AER 2008, 

304 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
International Energy

Drilling rig, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

11
Figure 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source

Total and Crude Oil and NGPL1, 1970-2006 By Source, 2006By Source, 1970-2006306 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

and NGPL1 Gas electr

Powe

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for United States also

include other renewable energy. 3 Net electricity generation from hydroelectric power, geothermal, wood, waste, solar, and

wind. Data for the United States also include other renewaNote: Crude oil includes lease condensate. Source: Table 11.1.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400500

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Crude Oil and NGPL1

169

129

107

30 

Crude Oil Coal Natural Hydr

0

306090

120150180

Quadrillion Btu

Crude Oil and NGPL1

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy3

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

4590

135180

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2006

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1 Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids

Nuclear Electric

Power 3

Hydroelectric

Power 3

Geo

an

1970 62.96 37.09 97.09 3.61 0.90 12.15 1971 61.72 39.80 102.70 3.85 1.23 12.74 1972 63.65 42.08 108.52 4.09 1.66 13.31 1973 63.87 44.44 117.88 4.23 2.15 13.52 1974 63.79 45.35 117.82 4.22 2.86 14.84 1975 66.20 45.67 113.08 4.12 3.85 15.03 1976 67.32 47.62 122.92 4.24 4.52 15.08 1977 68.46 48.85 127.75 4.40 5.41 15.56 1978 69.56 50.26 128.51 4.55 6.42 16.80 1979 73.83 53.93 133.87 4.87 6.69 17.69 1980 R71.27 54.73 128.04 5.10 7.58 17.90 1981 R71.68 55.56 120.11 5.37 8.53 18.26 1982 R74.33 55.49 114.45 5.35 9.51 18.71 1983 R74.33 56.12 R113.98 5.36 10.72 19.69 1984 R78.46 61.78 116.88 5.73 12.99 20.19 1985 R82.28 64.22 115.37 5.83 15.30 20.42 1986 R84.32 65.32 120.18 6.15 16.25 20.89 1987 R86.10 68.48 R121.08 6.35 17.64 20.90 1988 R87.98 71.80 125.84 6.65 19.23 21.48 1989 R89.58 74.24 127.83 6.69 19.74 21.53 1990 91.02 R76.06 129.35 6.87 20.36 22.35 1991 R86.41 R76.88 128.73 7.12 21.18 22.83 1992 R86.23 R77.08 128.93 7.17 21.28 22.71 1993 R84.41 R78.59 128.72 7.47 22.01 23.94 1994 86.46 R79.35 130.69 8.10 22.41 24.15 1995 R88.55 R80.42 133.43 8.40 23.26 25.34 1996 R89.15 R84.16 136.73 8.59 24.11 25.79 1997 R92.87 R84.11 140.63 8.79 23.88 26.07 1998 R91.53 R85.75 143.24 9.02 24.32 26.05 1999 R91.12 R87.66 140.95 9.26 25.09 26.55 2000 R90.43 R90.99 146.83 9.63 R25.65 R26.78 2001 R95.70 R93.31 145.57 10.10 26.39 R26.56 2002 R97.65 R96.32 R143.53 10.28 R26.67 R26.53 2003 R105.34 R98.50 R148.41 10.74 R26.37 26.79 2004 R114.10 R101.50 R155.38 11.10 R27.32 R27.89 2005 R122.07 R104.75 R157.65 11.47 R27.54 R28.98 2006P 128.50 107.23 157.05 11.68 27.76 29.73 

1 Dry production. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 Net generation, i.e., gross generation less plant use. 4 Includes net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also

include other renewable energy. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.2) or for

other countries (see http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject

Primary Energy Production," at end of section. • Totals mindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1970-1979—Energy Information Administrati

• 1980 forward—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2006" (June
Figure 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country

World and Top Producing Countries, 1997-2006 By Region, 1997-2006Top Producing Countries, 2006308 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.2.

Africa

Asia and Oceania2

North America

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

0

100200300400500

Quadrillion Btu

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

0

255075

100125

Quadrillion Btu

Cen

Russia

World

China

United States

States

Arabia

71.0

67.7

53.3

24.7

19.3

13.1 12.4 11.4 10.4 10.2 9.

United China Russia Saudi Canada Iran India Australia Mexico Norway Indon

0

20406080

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1997-2006

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 200

North America ............................................. 99.17 99.78 98.64 98.95 99.45 100.10 98.65 99

 Canada ....................................................... R17.47 17.43 17.68 18.12 R18.02 R18.35 R18.30 R18 Mexico ........................................................ 9.06 9.31 9.06 9.34 9.54 10.81 10.08 10 United States .............................................. 72.63 73.04 71.91 71.49 71.89 70.94 R70.26 R70

Central and South America ....................... 24.11 24.75 24.46 26.02 25.97 25.30 25.73 27

 Brazil ........................................................... R5.07 5.48 R5.89 R6.38 R6.18 R6.72 R7.08 R7 Venezuela ................................................... 9.48 9.45 8.54 9.37 9.23 8.16 7.32 8 Other ........................................................... 9.56 9.82 10.04 10.27 10.57 10.41 11.33 11

Europe 1 ....................................................... 51.77 50.70 51.09 R50.88 51.49 51.27 R50.66 R50

 France ........................................................ 4.92 4.78 4.92 5.02 5.14 5.13 5.15 5 Germany ..................................................... 5.57 5.26 5.31 5.32 5.28 5.30 R5.28 R5 Netherlands ................................................ 2.88 2.77 2.56 2.47 2.63 2.62 2.53 2 Norway ....................................................... 9.59 9.33 9.53 10.27 10.28 10.69 10.64 R10 Poland ........................................................ 3.83 3.36 3.50 3.06 3.08 3.08 3.08 3 United Kingdom .......................................... 11.33 11.53 11.89 R11.08 11.14 R10.97 R10.55 R9 Other ........................................................... 13.65 13.68 13.38 13.66 13.94 13.47 R13.42 R13

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... R50.45 R50.66 R53.09 R55.65 R57.59 R59.31 R63.14 R66

 Kazakhstan ................................................. 2.47 2.43 2.63 3.32 3.69 3.98 4.41 5 Russia ......................................................... R40.29 R40.59 R42.29 R43.25 R44.42 R45.77 R48.71 R51 Ukraine ....................................................... 3.01 3.03 3.08 3.07 3.08 3.07 3.22 3 Other ........................................................... 4.68 4.61 5.10 6.01 6.41 6.49 6.80 6

Middle East .................................................. 51.72 54.88 53.80 57.48 56.16 54.24 57.58 62

 Iran ............................................................. 9.84 9.90 10.00 10.40 10.67 10.45 11.36 12 Iraq ............................................................. 2.60 4.71 5.47 5.62 5.22 4.42 2.84 4 Kuwait ......................................................... 4.85 5.02 4.60 5.04 4.81 4.58 5.14 5 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 21.24 21.42 20.18 21.59 20.95 20.27 23.05 24 United Arab Emirates ................................. 6.50 6.61 6.25 6.77 6.59 6.50 7.13 7 Other ........................................................... 6.69 7.24 7.29 8.06 7.92 8.02 8.05 8

Africa ........................................................... 26.09 26.27 R26.58 R27.79 R28.05 R28.02 R30.17 32

 Algeria ........................................................ 5.63 5.75 6.03 6.29 6.26 6.30 7.00 7 Libya ........................................................... 3.39 3.26 3.07 3.30 3.21 3.11 3.30 3 Nigeria ........................................................ 4.85 4.90 4.89 5.18 5.45 5.16 5.71 5 South Africa ................................................ 5.44 5.52 5.43 5.58 5.62 5.52 5.91 6 Other ........................................................... 6.79 6.83 7.15 7.44 R7.51 R7.93 R8.24 9

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... R78.01 R77.83 R78.12 R78.94 R84.11 R88.27 R96.13 R106

 Australia ...................................................... 8.32 8.67 8.86 9.68 10.26 10.51 10.35 10 China .......................................................... 37.97 36.67 R35.72 R35.03 R38.53 R42.23 R48.91 R56 India ............................................................ 9.17 9.37 9.58 9.83 10.29 10.04 10.60 11 Indonesia .................................................... 7.41 7.56 8.02 7.87 8.09 8.32 8.55 8 Japan .......................................................... R4.62 R4.72 R4.50 R4.54 R4.50 R4.20 R3.77 R4 Malaysia ..................................................... 3.01 3.14 3.16 3.21 3.31 3.44 3.84 4 Other ........................................................... R7.50 R7.70 R8.29 R8.79 R9.12 R9.53 R10.12 R10

World .......................................................... R381.32 R384.87 R385.79 R395.72 R402.82 R406.50 R422.05 R443

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.2) or for

other countries (see http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • See Note 1, "WorldPrimary Energy Production," at end of section. • World primary energy production includes production of

crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plant liq

electricity generation from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric pwind. Data for the United States also include other renewable components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International En

Table F1.
Figure 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1997-2006 U.S. Share of World, 2006Regional Consumption Shares, 2006 Production and Consumption by Region, 2006310 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary. Sources: Tables 11.2, 11.3, and D1.

Production

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

0

100200300400500

Quadrillion Btu

4.6

15.1

Population Energy 

05

10152025

Percent

Russia

World

China

United States

Europe1

33%

26%

18%

10%

5%

5%

3%

121

24

86

46

101

29

48

70 

North Central Europe1 Eurasia2 

0

50

100150200

Quadrillion Btu

Production Con

America

Central and

South America

Eurasia2

North

 America

Middle East

Africa

and South

America

Asia

and

Oceania1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1997-2006

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 200

North America ............................................. 113.13 113.53 115.82 118.26 115.36 117.25 118.20 120

 Canada ....................................................... R12.67 R12.37 R12.96 R12.95 R12.76 R13.13 R13.56 R13 Mexico ........................................................ 5.68 5.96 6.04 6.32 6.26 R6.25 R6.42 6 United States .............................................. 94.77 95.18 96.82 98.98 96.33 97.86 98.21 100 Other ........................................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 

Central and South America ....................... 19.45 20.12 20.27 20.84 21.16 21.12 21.61 22

 Argentina .................................................... 2.47 2.58 2.61 2.67 2.61 R2.48 2.67 2 Brazil ........................................................... 7.86 R8.12 R8.27 R8.55 R8.47 R8.58 R8.69 R9 Venezuela ................................................... 2.66 2.85 2.73 2.77 3.03 2.93 2.72 2 Other ........................................................... 6.46 6.57 6.67 6.85 7.05 7.13 7.54 7

Europe 1 ....................................................... R79.87 R80.44 R80.51 R81.53 R82.77 R82.50 R84.24 R85

 Belgium ....................................................... R2.65 R2.70 R2.66 R2.73 R2.70 R2.68 R2.78 R2 France ........................................................ 10.36 10.58 10.71 10.85 11.08 11.00 R11.11 11 Germany ..................................................... 14.36 14.34 14.13 14.26 14.62 14.33 R14.59 R14 Italy ............................................................. 7.22 7.43 7.56 7.63 R7.67 7.70 R7.99 R8 Netherlands ................................................ 3.70 3.70 3.69 3.79 3.93 3.94 4.00 4 Poland ........................................................ R4.09 3.85 3.98 3.62 3.45 3.44 3.60 3 Spain .......................................................... 4.76 4.99 5.26 5.62 5.87 5.95 6.26 R6 Sweden ....................................................... R2.32 R2.40 R2.37 R2.27 R2.40 R2.27 R2.17 R2 Turkey ......................................................... 2.93 3.00 2.91 3.16 2.89 3.15 3.32 3 United Kingdom .......................................... 9.75 R9.74 R9.79 R9.72 R9.86 R9.72 R9.86 R9 Other ........................................................... 17.74 17.72 R17.47 17.87 R18.28 R18.33 R18.56 R18

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... R39.02 R38.73 R39.83 R40.61 R40.94 R41.59 R43.37 R44

 Russia ......................................................... R25.81 R25.93 R27.01 R27.47 R27.72 R27.93 R28.77 R29 Ukraine ....................................................... 6.07 5.85 5.76 5.75 5.64 5.82 6.28 6 Uzbekistan .................................................. 1.88 1.84 1.86 1.94 2.03 2.08 2.10 2 Other ........................................................... 5.26 5.11 5.19 R5.45 R5.55 R5.75 R6.22 R6

Middle East .................................................. 15.61 R16.28 16.62 17.32 17.95 18.98 19.76 20

 Iran ............................................................. 4.43 4.58 4.83 5.01 5.39 5.89 6.18 6 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 4.37 4.54 4.60 4.85 5.14 5.38 5.76 6 Other ........................................................... 6.81 7.15 7.18 7.46 7.42 7.71 7.82 8

Africa ........................................................... 11.40 R11.30 R11.62 R12.03 R12.63 12.72 R13.36 R13

 Egypt .......................................................... 1.79 1.85 1.92 2.00 R2.23 R2.26 R2.44 2 South Africa ................................................ 4.56 4.35 4.46 4.59 4.66 4.54 4.88 5 Other ........................................................... 5.05 R5.10 5.23 R5.44 R5.74 R5.91 R6.04 R6

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... R102.89 R101.98 R105.28 R107.33 R111.34 R116.41 R125.48 R138

 Australia ...................................................... 4.56 4.59 4.82 4.85 5.02 5.13 R5.14 R5 China .......................................................... 37.91 37.32 37.23 R37.18 R39.44 R43.30 R50.62 R59 India ............................................................ 11.64 12.17 12.99 13.46 13.94 13.84 14.29 R15 Indonesia .................................................... 3.66 3.56 3.91 4.06 4.46 4.64 R4.56 R4 Japan .......................................................... R21.91 R21.52 R21.97 R22.43 R22.24 R22.15 R22.15 R22 Malaysia ..................................................... 1.67 1.69 1.74 1.87 2.11 2.18 2.42 2 South Korea ................................................ 7.41 6.83 7.55 7.89 8.10 R8.39 R8.64 R8 Taiwan ........................................................ 3.21 3.40 3.55 3.77 3.86 4.02 4.21 4 Thailand ...................................................... 2.60 2.44 2.50 2.58 2.70 2.94 3.22 R3 Other ........................................................... R8.34 R8.47 R9.01 R9.23 R9.47 R9.80 R10.23 R10

World .......................................................... R381.35 R382.38 R389.95 R397.93 R402.15 R410.56 R426.02 R447

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.3) or for

other countries (see http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • World primary energyconsumption includes consumption of petroleum products (including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil

burned as fuel), dry natural gas, and coal (including net imports 

electricity generated from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric pwind. It also includes, for the United States, the consumption of • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International En

Table E1.
Figure 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008

Crude Oil Reserves: Oil & Gas Journal Crude Oil Reserves: World Oil

Natural Gas Reserves: Oil & Gas Journal Natural Gas Reserves: World Oil

312 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Includes 173.2 billion barrels of bitumen in oil sands in Alberta, Canada.

2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.

3 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.SSource: Table 11.4.

58

105

14

126

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 

0

200400600800

Billion Barrels

212

110

14

99

748

115

34

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 Middle Africa Asia and

0

200400600800

Billion Barrels

and South 

America

America

1

East Oceania2 and South

America

America 

310 262 172

2,015

2,549

490 415

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 Middle Africa Asia and

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Trillion Cubic Feet

and South

America

East

314 247 169

2,104

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Trillion Cubic Feet

and South

America

America Oceania America 

2 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2008

Region and Country

Crude Oil Natural Gas

Region and Country

Crude Oil 

Oil & Gas Journal World Oil Oil & Gas Journal World Oil Oil & Gas Journal World 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet Billion Barrels 

North America ................................. 211.6 57.5 309.8 314.1 Middle East ..................................... 748.3 72

 Canada ........................................... 1178.6 2 25.2 58.2 58.3 Bahrain .......................................... .1  Mexico ............................................ 11.7 11.1 13.9 18.1 Iran ................................................ 138.4 13 United States .................................. 21.3 21.3 237.7 237.7 Iraq ................................................ 115.0 12 Kuwait 6.......................................... 104.0 9

Central and South America ........... 109.9 104.8 261.8 247.0 Oman ............................................ 5.5 

 Argentina ........................................ 2.6 2.7 15.8 16.5 Qatar ............................................. 15.2 2 Bolivia ............................................. .5 .5 26.5 28.0 Saudi Arabia 6................................ 266.8 26 Brazil ............................................... 12.2 12.5 12.3 12.9 Syria ............................................ 2.5  Chile ............................................... .2 .0 3.5 1.0 United Arab Emirates ................... 97.8 6 Colombia ........................................ 1.5 1.5 4.3 6.7 Yemen .......................................... 3.0  Cuba ............................................... .1 .7 2.5 .8 Other 3........................................... (s)  Ecuador .......................................... 4.5 4.8 NA .3  Peru ................................................ .4 .4 11.9 12.0 Africa .............................................. 114.8 11 Trinidad and Tobago ...................... .7 .6 18.8 16.7 Algeria ........................................... 12.2 1 Venezuela ....................................... 87.0 81.0 166.3 152.0 Angola ........................................... 9.0  Other 3 ............................................ .2 .2 (s) (s) Cameroon ...................................... .2  Congo (Brazzaville) ....................... 1.6 

Europe 4 ........................................... 14.3 13.8 172.0 169.0 Egypt ............................................. 3.7 

 Austria ............................................ .1 .1 .6 1.1 Equatorial Guinea .......................... 1.1  Croatia ............................................ .1 .1 1.0 1.1 Gabon ............................................ 2.0  Denmark ......................................... 1.2 1.1 2.5 2.6 Libya .............................................. 41.5 3 Germany ......................................... .4 .2 9.0 5.2 Mozambique .................................. .0  Hungary .......................................... (s) .1 .3 .6 Nigeria ........................................... 36.2 3 Italy ................................................. .4 .4 3.3 3.0 Sudan ............................................ 5.0  Netherlands .................................... .1 .2 50.0 48.8 Tunisia ........................................... .4  Norway ........................................... 6.9 6.7 79.1 81.7 Other 3............................................ 1.9  Poland ............................................ .1 .2 5.8 4.7  Romania ......................................... .6 .5 2.2 4.2 Asia and Oceania 4......................... 34.3 4 Serbia ............................................. .1 NR 1.7 NR Australia ......................................... 1.5  United Kingdom .............................. 3.6 3.6 14.6 14.0 Bangladesh .................................... (s)  Other 3 ............................................ .8 .7 1.9 2.1 Brunei ............................................ 1.1  Burma ............................................ .1 

Eurasia 5 .......................................... 98.9 126.0 2,014.8 2,104.0 China ............................................. 16.0 1

 Azerbaijan ....................................... 7.0 NR 30.0 NR India ............................................... 5.6  Kazakhstan ..................................... 30.0 NR 100.0 NR Indonesia ....................................... 4.4  Russia ............................................ 60.0 76.0 1,680.0 1,654.0 Japan ............................................. (s)  Turkmenistan .................................. .6 NR 100.0 NR Malaysia ........................................ 4.0  Ukraine ........................................... .4 NR 39.0 NR New Zealand ................................. .1  Uzbekistan ...................................... .6 NR 65.0 NR Pakistan ........................................ .3  Other 3 ............................................ .3 50.0 .8 450.0 Papua New Guinea ....................... .1  Thailand ......................................... .5  Vietnam ......................................... .6  Other 3........................................... .2 

World ............................................ 1,332.0 1,18

1 Comprises 5.4 billion barrels of conventional crude oil and condensate and 173.2 billion barrels of

bitumen in Alberta’s oil sands.

2 World Oil states the following about its Canadian crude oil reserves estimate: "conventional crude

reserves are 4.9 Bbbl [billion barrels]. Alberta’s estimates of established oil sands reserves of 174 Bbbl arenot proved; that would require at least 350 Tcf [trillion cubic feet] of gas delivered to northern Alberta,and/or implementation of future technologies. Oil sands reserve estimate is based on 50 years timescurrent production capacity."

3 Includes data for those countries not separately reported. 4 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 5 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 6 Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the re

and Saudi Arabia.

NA=Not available. NR=Not separately reported. (s)=Less thaNotes: • All reserve figures are proved reserves, except a

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Energy Information Administration

Gas Liquids Reserves, 2007 Annual Report. All Other Data: Vol. 105.48 (December 24, 2007) and Gulf Publishing Compa2008).
Figure 11.5 World Crude Oil Production

World and OPEC, 1960-2008 OPEC’s Share of World, 1960-2008 Top Producing CountrTop Producing Countries, 2008314 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 11.5.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Percent

United

States

Fo

1960 1970 1

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day44% in 2008 

World

Peak: 53%

in 1973

OPEC

9.4 9.3

5.0

4.0 3.8

2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 

Russia Saudi United Iran China Mexico United Canada Kuwait Venezuela Iraq No

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Arab 

Emirates

Arabia States
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2008

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers

Iran Iraq Kuwait 3 Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada China Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

U

Kin

1960 5.27 1.07 0.97 1.69 0.02 1.31 0.00 2.85 R8.27 0.52 0.10 0.27 0.00 2.91 – – 1961 5.65 1.20 1.01 1.74 .05 1.48 .00 2.92 R8.93 .61 .11 .29 .00 3.28 – – 1962 6.19 1.33 1.01 1.96 .07 1.64 .01 3.20 R10.05 .67 .12 .31 .00 3.67 – – 1963 6.82 1.49 1.16 2.10 .08 1.79 .05 3.25 R11.07 .71 .13 .31 .00 4.07 – – 1964 7.61 1.71 1.26 2.30 .12 1.90 .19 3.39 R12.52 .75 .18 .32 .00 4.60 – – 1965 8.37 1.91 1.32 2.36 .27 2.21 .28 3.47 R13.86 .81 .23 .32 .00 4.79 – – 1966 9.32 2.13 1.39 2.48 .42 2.60 .36 3.37 R15.29 .88 .29 .33 .00 5.23 – – 1967 9.91 2.60 1.23 2.50 .32 2.81 .38 3.54 R16.29 .96 .28 .36 .00 5.68 – – 1968 10.91 2.84 1.50 2.61 .14 3.04 .50 3.60 R18.11 1.19 .30 .39 .00 6.08 – – 1969 11.95 3.38 1.52 2.77 .54 3.22 .63 3.59 R20.11 1.13 .48 .46 .00 6.48 – – 1970 13.39 3.83 1.55 2.99 1.08 3.80 .78 3.71 R22.56 1.26 .60 .49 .00 6.99 – – 1971 15.77 4.54 1.69 3.20 1.53 4.77 1.06 3.55 R24.41 1.35 .78 .49 .01 7.48 – – 1972 17.54 5.02 1.47 3.28 1.82 6.02 1.20 3.22 R26.03 1.53 .90 .51 .03 7.89 – – 1973 20.67 5.86 2.02 3.02 2.05 7.60 1.53 3.37 R29.66 1.80 1.09 .47 .03 8.32 – – 1974 21.28 6.02 1.97 2.55 2.26 8.48 1.68 2.98 R29.32 1.55 1.32 .57 .04 8.91 – – 1975 18.93 5.35 2.26 2.08 1.78 7.08 1.66 2.35 R25.79 1.43 1.49 .71 .19 9.52 – – 1976 21.51 5.88 2.42 2.15 2.07 8.58 1.94 2.29 R29.12 1.31 1.67 .83 .28 10.06 – – 1977 21.73 5.66 2.35 1.97 2.09 9.25 2.00 2.24 R29.58 1.32 1.87 .98 .28 10.60 – – 1978 20.61 5.24 2.56 2.13 1.90 8.30 1.83 2.17 R28.16 1.32 2.08 1.21 .36 11.11 – – 1979 21.07 3.17 3.48 2.50 2.30 9.53 1.83 2.36 R29.35 1.50 2.12 1.46 .40 11.38 – – 1980 17.96 1.66 2.51 1.66 2.06 9.90 1.71 2.17 R25.38 1.44 2.11 1.94 .49 11.71 – – 1981 15.25 1.38 1.00 1.13 1.43 9.82 1.47 2.10 R21.22 1.29 2.01 2.31 .47 11.85 – – 1982 12.16 2.21 1.01 .82 1.30 6.48 1.25 1.90 R17.77 1.27 2.05 2.75 .49 11.91 – – 1983 11.08 2.44 1.01 1.06 1.24 5.09 1.15 1.80 R16.57 1.36 2.12 2.69 .61 11.97 – – 1984 10.78 2.17 1.21 1.16 1.39 4.66 1.15 1.80 R16.50 1.44 2.30 2.78 .71 11.86 – – 1985 9.63 2.25 1.43 1.02 1.50 3.39 1.19 1.68 R15.37 1.47 2.51 2.75 .77 11.59 – – 1986 11.70 2.04 1.69 1.42 1.47 4.87 1.33 1.79 R17.46 1.47 2.62 2.44 .84 11.90 – – 1987 12.10 2.30 2.08 1.59 1.34 4.27 1.54 1.75 R17.71 1.54 2.69 2.55 .98 12.05 – – 1988 13.46 2.24 2.69 1.49 1.45 5.09 1.57 1.90 R19.74 1.62 2.73 2.51 1.11 12.05 – – 1989 14.84 2.81 2.90 1.78 1.72 5.06 1.86 1.91 R21.40 1.56 2.76 2.52 1.48 11.72 – – 1990 15.28 3.09 2.04 1.18 1.81 6.41 2.12 2.14 R22.49 1.55 2.77 2.55 1.63 10.98 – – 1991 14.74 3.31 .31 .19 1.89 8.12 2.39 2.38 R22.48 1.55 2.84 2.68 1.87 9.99 – – 1992 15.97 3.43 .43 1.06 1.94 8.33 2.27 2.37 R23.74 1.61 2.85 2.67 2.13 – – 7.63 1993 16.71 3.54 .51 1.85 1.96 8.20 2.16 2.45 R24.46 1.68 2.89 2.67 2.28 – – 6.73 1994 16.96 3.62 .55 2.03 1.93 8.12 2.19 2.59 R24.90 1.75 2.94 2.69 2.57 – – 6.14 1995 17.21 3.64 .56 2.06 1.99 8.23 2.23 2.75 R25.54 1.81 2.99 2.62 2.77 – – 6.00 1996 17.37 3.69 .58 2.06 2.00 8.22 2.28 2.94 R26.02 1.84 3.13 2.86 3.09 – – 5.85 1997 18.10 3.66 1.16 2.01 2.13 8.36 2.32 3.28 R27.29 1.92 3.20 3.02 3.14 – – 5.92 1998 19.34 3.63 2.15 2.09 2.15 8.39 2.35 3.17 R28.37 1.98 3.20 3.07 3.01 – – 5.85 1999 18.67 3.56 2.51 1.90 2.13 7.83 2.17 2.83 R27.22 1.91 3.20 2.91 3.02 – – 6.08 2000 19.89 3.70 2.57 2.08 2.17 8.40 2.37 3.16 R28.98 1.98 3.25 3.01 3.22 – – 6.48 2001 19.10 3.72 2.39 2.00 2.26 8.03 2.21 3.01 R28.16 2.03 3.30 3.13 3.23 – – 6.92 2002 17.79 3.44 2.02 1.89 2.12 7.63 2.08 2.60 R26.39 2.17 3.39 3.18 3.13 – – 7.41 2003 19.06 3.74 1.31 2.14 2.28 8.78 2.35 2.34 R27.98 2.31 3.41 3.37 3.04 – – 8.13 2004 20.79 4.00 2.01 2.38 2.33 9.10 2.48 2.56 R30.41 2.40 3.49 3.38 2.95 – – 8.80 2005 21.50 4.14 1.88 2.53 2.63 9.55 2.54 2.56 R31.87 2.37 3.61 3.33 2.70 – – 9.04 2006 21.23 4.03 2.00 2.54 2.44 9.15 2.64 2.51 R31.59 2.53 3.67 3.26 2.49 – – 9.25 2007 R20.67 R3.91 2.09 2.46 2.35 8.72 2.60 2.43 R31.21 R2.62 3.73 3.08 2.27 – – 9.44 2008P 21.87 4.03 2.36 2.59 2.17 9.26 2.68 2.39 32.47 2.59 3.79 2.79 2.18 – – 9.36 

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries

are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,2009. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (betweenKuwait and Saudi Arabia).

3 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,

Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait andSaudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels per day. Notes: • Data are for crude oil, including extra heavy crude oil, lease condensate, and liquids processed

from Canadian oil sands; they exclude natural gas plant liquids. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.

Sources: Selected OPEC Producers: • 1960-1972—

• 1973-1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Internaand the International Energy Database. • 1980-2007—EIA, Inte

• 2008—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER) (April 2009), Ta

Intelligence Agency, unpublished data. • 1973-1979—EIA, Energy Database. • 1980-2007—EIA, International Energy Dat(April 2009), Table 11.1b. Former U.S.S.R.: • 1960-1969—U.Khozyaystvo SSSR (National Economy USSR). • 1970-197February 2001, Table 4.1c. • 1980-1991—EIA, International E• 1992-2007—EIA, International Energy Database, April 24, 2011.1b. United States: Table 5.1. All Other Data: • 1Petroleum Annual, 1969. • 1970-1972—EIA, International PetIEA, annual reports, and the International Energy Database. Database, April 24, 2009. • 2008—EIA, MER (April 2009), Tabl
Figure 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Crude Oil and NGPL1 Production, 1973-2008 World and OPEC NGPL1 Production, 1973-2008

Top NGPL1 Producing Countries, 2008

316 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Natural gas plant liquids.

Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum

Exporting Countries. 

Sources: Tables 11.5 and 11.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

NGPL1

Crude Oil

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0369

Million Barrels per Day 11% of Crude Oil in 2008 World 

OPEC

1,781

1,434

682

422 365 357 356 275 256 228

United Saudi Canada Russia Mexico Algeria United Arab Norway Qatar Venezue

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

States Arabia Emirates 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers

Algeria Iran Kuwait 2 Libya Qatar 

Saudi

Arabia 2

United

Arab

Emirates

Venezuela Total OPEC 3 Aus- tralia Canada Malaysia Mexico Norway Former U.S.S.R. Russia 

K

1973 9 40 60 35 (s) 90 (s) 89 R324 50 314 0 75 (s) 170 – – 1974 12 45 50 20 5 130 (s) 84 347 50 314 0 80 (s) 190 – – 1975 20 45 50 30 10 140 (s) 76 R372 50 309 0 80 5 205 – – 1976 24 45 50 40 10 185 (s) 77 R432 50 289 0 95 20 220 – – 1977 19 40 55 40 5 215 15 78 R472 55 290 0 105 20 235 – – 1978 25 45 75 40 5 250 30 61 R538 60 281 0 115 35 255 – – 1979 30 10 95 40 10 303 30 69 R599 60 331 0 150 40 270 – – 1980 36 9 95 40 10 369 35 60 R664 60 331 0 193 42 285 – – 1981 49 9 60 35 24 433 60 55 R732 60 330 0 241 37 300 – – 1982 58 9 40 40 30 430 90 60 R764 52 318 0 255 39 315 – – 1983 56 8 55 30 25 330 120 57 R688 52 309 0 265 46 330 – – 1984 105 10 67 37 28 355 130 57 R796 54 336 10 257 45 340 – – 1985 120 10 54 26 30 375 160 63 R850 65 337 10 271 51 350 – – 1986 120 15 75 30 22 385 185 97 R941 60 328 9 352 66 440 – – 1987 140 20 95 30 24 418 145 94 R978 65 367 11 338 71 430 – – 1988 120 20 100 30 30 499 130 98 R1,049 67 381 11 370 83 450 – – 1989 130 27 105 35 24 503 130 108 R1,118 65 410 11 384 84 425 – – 1990 130 35 65 35 40 620 135 114 R1,206 63 426 12 428 86 425 – – 1991 140 50 0 40 50 680 146 117 R1,225 61 431 12 457 84 420 – – 1992 140 50 34 40 55 713 144 113 R1,292 56 460 13 454 85 – – 230 1993 145 55 53 41 55 704 146 143 R1,361 55 506 17 459 95 – – 220 1994 140 55 85 41 50 951 150 146 R1,641 56 529 17 461 123 – – 200 1995 145 60 95 40 55 961 160 149 R1,693 52 581 20 447 137 – – 180 1996 150 60 85 49 50 968 160 150 R1,696 62 596 20 423 141 – – 185 1997 160 70 109 60 70 982 160 143 R1,777 71 636 50 388 139 – – 195 1998 155 75 115 60 85 1,020 170 145 R1,844 70 651 90 424 127 – – 220 1999 190 75 115 60 111 1,010 160 170 R1,910 72 653 85 439 120 – – 231 2000 230 75 115 60 133 1,008 200 175 R2,014 70 699 65 438 124 – – 232 2001 250 80 120 62 150 1,051 290 200 R2,225 74 709 70 433 188 – – 237 2002 270 86 125 65 160 1,095 300 202 R2,326 80 698 75 408 203 – – 246 2003 280 95 124 65 201 1,220 310 163 R2,473 79 724 80 418 222 – – 390 2004 292 105 130 68 250 1,310 279 180 R2,634 83 658 80 442 234 – – 456 2005 295 102 130 89 265 1,460 300 206 R2,874 92 645 94 426 271 – – 457 2006 310 123 130 129 280 1,427 300 215 R2,955 88 685 90 427 286 – – 417 2007 342 124 139 144 R250 R1,440 336 217 R3,031 R84 R728 88 396 285 – – 426 2008P 357 126 143 140 256 1,434 356 228 3,088 76 682 91 365 275 – – 422 

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries

are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,2009.

2 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 3 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,

Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait andSaudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1973-1979—Energy Information Administration 

reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1980 forwApril 13, 2009.
Figure 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type

Selected Types, 1970-2009Selected Types, 2009318 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Nigerian Bonny

Light I

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices

are as of the first Friday in February. See “API” and “API GSource: Table 11.7.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

20406080

100120

Nominal Dollars1 per Barrel Nominal Dollars1 per Barrel39.85 36.66 36.63 35.42 35.31 35.21 34.

Nigerian Bonny Libyan Es Sider Indonesian Minas Venezuelan Iranian Light Saudi Arabian United K

0

1020304050

Light

 37° API

Bren

38

37° API 34° API 34 Tia Juana Light ° API 

Light

34° API
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2009

 (Nominal Dollars 1 per Barrel)

Year

Saudi Arabian

Light-34° API

Iranian

Light-34° API

Libyan 2

Es Sider-37° API

Nigerian 3

Bonny Light-37° API

Indonesian

Minas-34° API

Venezuelan

Tia Juana Light 4

M

May

1970 1.35 1.36 2.09 2.10 1.67 2.05 1971 1.75 1.76 2.80 2.65 2.18 2.45 1972 1.90 1.91 2.80 2.80 2.96 2.45 1973 2.10 2.11 3.10 3.10 2.96 2.60 1974 9.60 10.63 14.30 12.60 10.80 9.30 1975 10.46 10.67 11.98 11.80 12.60 11.00 1976 11.51 11.62 12.21 12.84 12.80 11.12 1977 12.09 12.81 13.74 14.33 13.55 12.72 1978 12.70 12.81 13.80 14.33 13.55 12.82 1979 13.34 13.45 14.52 14.80 13.90 13.36 1980 26.00 530.37 34.50 29.97 27.50 25.20 21981 32.00 37.00 40.78 40.00 35.00 32.88 1982 34.00 34.20 36.50 36.50 35.00 32.88 21983 34.00 31.20 35.10 35.50 34.53 32.88 21984 29.00 28.00 30.15 30.00 29.53 27.88 21985 29.00 28.00 30.15 28.00 29.53 27.88 21986 28.00 28.05 30.15 28.65 28.53 28.05 21987 16.15 16.14 16.95 17.13 16.28 15.10 1988 17.52 15.55 18.52 18.92 17.56 17.62 1989 13.15 12.75 15.40 15.05 15.50 12.27 1990 18.40 18.20 20.40 21.20 18.55 24.69 1991 24.00 23.65 26.90 27.80 26.50 28.62 21992 15.90 15.50 17.20 18.20 18.65 19.67 1993 16.80 16.70 17.55 18.50 19.10 17.97 1994 12.40 12.40 12.55 13.50 14.15 12.97 1995 16.63 16.18 16.05 16.15 16.95 16.57 1996 18.20 17.73 19.20 19.70 20.05 18.52 1997 22.98 22.63 24.10 24.65 24.95 26.62 1998 15.50 14.93 16.72 16.50 16.50 15.93 1999 10.03 9.83 10.65 10.60 9.95 9.45 2000 24.78 24.63 25.85 25.55 24.15 24.85 22001 20.30 20.20 22.40 22.00 22.80 22.13 2002 17.68 18.90 19.63 19.88 18.89 17.78 2003 27.39 27.85 30.40 31.16 35.03 30.25 22004 27.08 28.67 29.47 29.97 32.10 30.10 22005 31.86 33.84 38.00 38.21 35.86 35.98 22006 50.86 52.56 55.89 56.97 53.95 52.52 42007 55.94 56.28 59.22 63.28 63.87 55.57 42008 93.02 94.96 96.79 98.52 98.34 93.85 2009 35.21 35.31 36.66 39.85 36.63 35.42 2

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 For 1974 and 1975, prices are for crude oil with 40° API. For 1980, prices include $4.72 in retroactive

charges and market premiums.

3 Beginning in 1977, prices include 2 cents per barrel harbor dues. 4 For 1970-1985, prices are for crude oil with 26° API. Beginning in 1986, prices are for crude oil with

31° API.

5 For 1980, price includes $1.87 market premiums and credit charges.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices are as of

the first Friday in February. • Prices are based on official gov

spot market quotations. • Prices are usually free on board (fTables 5.18, 5.19, and 5.21 for other types of crude oil prices fopurchase prices, landed costs of crude oil imports, and refiner Gravity" in Glossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1970-1978—Petroleum and Energy Intellige

Weekly. • 1979 forward—Energy Information Administration, W
Figure 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2008

Regular UnleadedPremium Unleaded2320 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States.

Source: Table 11.8.

7.75

5.83 5.74

4.45

4.08

3.53 3.27 

Germany South Korea Japan Australia Canada Taiwan United States 

0

1

2

3456789

Nominal Dollars1 per Gallon

7.63 7.51 7.42

6.13

4.13 4.01

Italy France United Kingdom Spain South Africa Thailand 

0

1

2

3456789

Nominal Dollars1 per Gallon
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2008

 (Nominal Dollars 1 per Gallon)

Year

Regular Unleaded Premium Unl

Australia Canada China Germany Japan Mexico

South

Korea Taiwan

United

States France Italy

SouthAfrica Spain 

1990 NA 1.87 NA 2.65 3.16 1.00 2.05 2.49 1.16 3.63 4.59 NA NA 1991 1.96 1.92 NA 2.90 3.46 1.30 2.49 2.39 1.14 3.45 4.50 NA NA 1992 1.89 1.73 NA 3.27 R3.58 1.50 2.65 2.42 1.13 R3.56 4.53 NA 3.50 1993 1.73 1.57 NA 3.07 R4.16 1.56 2.88 2.27 1.11 3.41 3.68 NA 3.01 1994 1.84 1.45 NA 3.52 R4.36 1.48 2.87 2.14 1.11 3.59 3.70 NA 2.99 1995 1.95 1.53 NA 3.96 4.43 1.11 2.94 2.23 1.15 4.26 4.00 NA 3.24 1996 2.12 1.61 NA 3.94 R3.64 1.25 3.18 2.15 1.23 4.41 4.39 NA 3.32 1997 2.05 1.62 NA 3.53 R3.26 1.47 3.34 2.23 1.23 4.00 4.07 1.72 3.01 1998 1.63 1.38 NA 3.34 R2.82 1.49 3.04 1.86 1.06 3.87 3.84 1.51 2.80 1999 1.72 1.52 NA 3.42 3.27 1.79 3.80 1.86 1.17 3.85 3.87 1.55 2.82 2000 1.94 1.86 NA 3.45 3.65 2.01 4.18 2.15 1.51 3.80 3.77 1.78 2.86 2001 1.71 1.72 1.22 3.40 3.27 2.20 3.76 2.02 1.46 3.51 3.57 1.59 2.73 2002 1.76 R1.69 1.21 3.67 3.15 2.24 3.84 1.93 1.36 3.62 3.74 1.41 2.90 2003 2.19 1.99 1.33 4.59 3.47 2.04 R4.11 2.16 1.59 4.35 4.53 1.91 3.49 2004 2.72 2.37 1.48 5.24 3.93 2.03 4.51 2.46 1.88 4.99 R5.29 2.58 4.09 2005 3.23 2.89 1.70 5.66 4.28 2.22 5.28 2.76 2.30 5.46 5.74 3.05 4.49 2006 3.54 3.26 2.11 6.03 4.47 2.31 5.92 3.05 2.59 5.88 6.10 3.42 4.84 2007 3.85 3.59 2.29 6.88 4.49 2.40 6.21 3.20 2.80 6.60 6.73 R3.64 5.36 2008 4.45 4.08 3.11 7.75 5.74 2.45 5.83 3.53 3.27 7.51 7.63 4.13 6.13 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are those actually paid, i.e., net of rebates, and include transport costs and taxes which

are not refundable. Prices in national currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange ratespublished by the International Monetary Fund. • Prices for all countries, except the United States, havebeen converted from dollars per liter to dollars per gallon at 3.785412 liters per gallon. Comparisonsbetween prices and price trends in different countries require care. They are of limited validity because of

fluctuations in exchange rates, differences in product quality, m

the extent to which the standard categories of sales are represperiod.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • United States: Table 5.24. • All Other Data: 

for Economic Cooperation and Development, Energy Prices & 2009, Part II, Section D, and Part III, Section B.
Figure 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity

World, OECD, and Non-OECD, 1970-2008 Top Refining Countries, 1970-2008Top Refining Countries, 2008322 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.

Note: Capacity as of January 1. 

Source: Table 11.9.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day

United States

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

101520

Non-OECD

Million Barrels per Day

World

OECD1

17.6

6.3

5.4

4.7

2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 

United China Russia Japan South Germany Italy Saudi Canada France Brazil United 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Former U.S.S.R.

Japan

53% of 

World

 in 2008

China

States Korea Arabia Kingdom
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2008

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD Countries Selected Non-OECD C

Canada France Germany 1 Italy Japan Mexico 2 

South

Korea 2 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 3 Brazil China

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

Sa

Ara

1970 1.40 2.32 2.36 2.96 3.14 0.50 0.18 0.69 2.30 12.02 32.18 0.50 0.30 5.64 – – 01971 1.45 2.53 2.54 3.24 3.70 .57 .25 .85 2.39 12.86 35.19 .51 .42 6.27 – – 1972 1.45 2.69 2.56 3.68 3.82 .59 .22 .87 2.59 13.29 37.29 .56 .48 6.68 – – 1973 1.73 2.95 2.70 3.59 4.53 .63 .43 1.03 2.47 13.64 39.45 .72 .50 7.26 – – 1974 1.79 3.14 2.83 3.88 5.15 .63 .42 1.16 2.76 14.36 42.39 .79 .60 7.81 – – 1975 1.88 3.34 2.99 3.95 5.35 .76 .43 1.17 2.78 14.96 44.07 .96 .85 8.24 – – 1976 2.02 3.31 3.10 4.08 5.63 .76 .44 1.32 2.89 15.24 46.16 .99 1.01 9.23 – – 1977 2.10 3.52 3.08 4.26 5.76 .94 .42 1.28 3.01 16.40 48.34 1.12 1.40 9.10 – – 1978 2.17 3.46 3.08 4.23 5.67 1.38 .48 1.27 2.91 17.05 49.37 1.16 1.46 9.98 – – 1979 2.23 3.47 3.10 4.20 5.68 1.24 .54 1.43 2.53 17.44 49.26 1.21 1.58 10.48 – – 1980 2.22 3.40 2.99 4.13 5.71 1.39 .60 1.46 2.53 17.99 50.03 1.21 1.60 10.95 – – 1981 2.17 3.34 3.02 4.09 5.66 1.39 .61 1.46 2.63 18.62 50.54 1.40 1.81 11.40 – – 1982 2.20 3.29 2.94 4.00 5.81 1.47 .76 1.52 2.48 17.89 49.74 1.41 1.81 11.60 – – 1983 2.02 2.87 2.47 3.28 5.73 1.29 .76 1.52 2.26 16.86 45.83 1.22 2.00 11.75 – – 1984 1.81 2.67 2.39 3.05 5.17 1.27 .78 1.49 2.09 16.14 43.33 1.30 2.05 12.00 – – 1985 1.87 2.39 2.17 3.10 4.97 1.27 .78 1.49 2.01 15.66 42.10 1.31 2.15 12.20 – – 1986 1.86 1.95 1.93 2.74 4.72 1.27 .78 1.37 1.79 15.46 39.99 1.31 2.15 12.20 – – 11987 1.76 1.83 1.72 2.68 4.79 1.35 .86 1.31 1.78 15.57 39.63 1.32 2.20 12.26 – – 11988 1.87 1.94 1.65 2.56 4.57 1.35 .82 1.31 1.80 15.92 40.07 1.41 2.20 12.26 – – 11989 1.86 1.88 1.52 2.45 4.36 1.35 .88 1.29 1.80 15.66 39.31 1.41 2.20 12.30 – – 11990 1.85 1.82 1.51 2.80 4.20 1.51 .87 1.29 1.83 15.57 39.66 1.40 2.20 12.30 – – 11991 1.88 1.82 2.07 2.39 4.38 1.68 .87 1.32 1.87 15.68 40.25 1.41 2.20 12.30 – – 11992 1.91 1.82 2.06 2.39 4.61 1.57 1.16 1.32 1.86 15.70 41.72 1.41 2.20 12.30 – – 11993 1.87 1.85 2.23 2.42 4.74 1.52 1.15 1.30 1.84 15.12 41.28 1.40 2.20 – – 6.46 11994 1.88 1.86 2.27 2.26 4.81 1.52 1.15 1.28 1.87 15.03 41.18 1.25 2.20 – – 6.46 11995 1.91 1.77 2.32 2.26 4.85 1.52 1.17 1.28 1.87 15.43 41.62 1.25 2.87 – – 6.53 11996 1.85 1.78 2.13 2.28 4.87 1.52 1.24 1.33 1.89 15.33 41.31 1.26 2.87 – – 6.72 11997 1.85 1.79 2.11 2.26 4.99 1.52 2.21 1.30 1.94 15.45 42.47 1.26 2.87 – – 6.73 11998 1.85 1.87 2.18 2.45 4.97 1.52 2.54 1.29 1.83 15.71 43.23 1.66 2.97 – – 6.87 11999 1.87 1.95 2.25 2.45 5.06 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.85 16.26 44.19 1.77 4.35 – – 6.75 12000 1.91 1.90 2.28 2.34 5.00 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.79 16.51 44.33 1.78 4.35 – – 6.67 12001 1.91 1.90 2.26 2.36 4.96 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.77 16.60 44.48 1.92 4.35 – – 5.44 12002 1.94 1.90 2.26 2.28 4.79 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.78 16.79 44.50 1.79 4.53 – – 5.44 12003 1.98 1.90 2.27 2.30 4.77 1.68 2.56 1.32 1.79 16.76 44.69 1.87 4.53 – – 5.44 12004 1.99 1.95 2.29 2.31 4.70 1.68 2.54 1.27 1.82 16.89 44.75 1.91 4.53 – – 5.44 12005 2.02 1.95 2.32 2.32 4.71 1.68 2.58 1.27 1.83 17.13 45.12 1.92 4.65 – – 5.43 12006 2.02 1.98 2.43 2.32 4.67 1.68 2.58 1.27 1.88 17.34 45.58 1.91 6.25 – – 5.34 22007 2.04 1.96 2.42 2.34 4.68 1.54 2.58 1.27 1.89 17.44 45.52 1.91 6.25 – – 5.34 22008 1.97 1.93 2.42 2.34 4.65 1.54 2.58 1.28 1.86 17.59 45.55 1.91 6.25 – – 5.43 2

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 2 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD on

December 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data for these countries were available. The Czech Republic and Slovakia (or Slovak Republic), which joined the OECD on December 21, 1995 andDecember 14, 2000, respectively, are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data forthese countries were available.

– – = Not applicable.

Notes: • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperati

membership. • Capacity data represent distillation capacity. • • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 5.9. China and Former U.S

Company, The Energy Decade, 1970-1980, A Statisticaforward—PennWell Publishing Company, Oil & Gas Journal. Company, Oil & Gas Journal.
Figure 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption

World, 1960-2007 Top Consuming Countries, 1960-2007Selected Consumers, 2007324 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership. Source: Table 11.10.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

306090

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

06

12

1824

Million Barrels per Day Non-OECD1

World

OECD1

20.7

7.6

5.0

2.8 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 

United China Japan Russia India Germany Brazil Canada South Mexico France 

06

12

1824

Million Barrels per Day

United States

Former U.S.S.R.

Japan

57% of World

Total in 2007

China

States Korea 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2007

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD Consumers Selected Non-OECD 

Canada France Germany 1 Italy Japan Mexico 2 

South

Korea 2 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 3 Brazil China India

For

U.S.

1960 0.84 0.56 0.63 0.44 0.66 0.30 0.01 0.10 0.94 9.80 15.78 0.27 0.17 0.16 21961 .87 .63 .79 .54 .82 .29 .02 .12 1.04 9.98 16.77 .28 .17 .17 21962 .92 .73 1.00 .67 .93 .30 .02 .12 1.12 10.40 18.06 .31 .14 .18 21963 .99 .86 1.17 .77 1.21 .31 .03 .12 1.27 10.74 19.60 .34 .17 .21 31964 1.05 .98 1.36 .90 1.48 .33 .02 .20 1.36 11.02 21.05 .35 .20 .22 31965 1.14 1.09 1.61 .98 1.74 .34 .03 .23 1.49 11.51 22.81 .33 .23 .25 31966 1.21 1.19 1.80 1.08 1.98 .36 .04 .31 1.58 12.08 24.60 .38 .30 .28 31967 1.25 1.34 1.86 1.19 2.14 .39 .07 .36 1.64 12.56 25.94 .38 .28 .26 41968 1.34 1.46 1.99 1.40 2.66 .41 .10 .46 1.82 13.39 28.56 .46 .31 .31 41969 1.42 1.66 2.33 1.69 3.25 .45 .15 .49 1.98 14.14 31.54 .48 .44 .34 41970 1.52 1.94 2.83 1.71 3.82 .50 .20 .58 2.10 14.70 34.69 .53 .62 .40 51971 1.56 2.12 2.94 1.84 4.14 .52 .23 .64 2.14 15.21 36.30 .58 .79 .42 51972 1.66 2.32 3.10 1.95 4.36 .59 .24 .68 2.28 16.37 38.95 .66 .91 .46 61973 1.73 2.60 3.32 2.07 4.95 .67 .28 .78 2.34 17.31 41.80 .78 1.12 .49 61974 1.78 2.45 3.03 2.00 4.86 .71 .29 .86 2.21 16.65 40.38 .86 1.19 .47 71975 1.78 2.25 2.96 1.86 4.62 .75 .31 .87 1.91 16.32 39.14 .92 1.36 .50 71976 1.82 2.42 3.21 1.97 4.84 .83 .36 .97 1.89 17.46 41.72 1.00 1.53 .51 71977 1.85 2.29 3.21 1.90 4.88 .88 .42 .94 1.91 18.43 42.78 1.02 1.64 .55 81978 1.90 2.41 3.29 1.95 4.95 .99 .48 .98 1.94 18.85 43.98 1.11 1.79 .62 81979 1.97 2.46 3.37 2.04 5.05 1.10 .53 1.02 1.97 18.51 44.39 1.18 1.84 .66 81980 1.87 2.26 3.08 1.93 4.96 1.27 .54 .99 1.73 17.06 41.76 1.15 1.77 .64 91981 1.77 2.02 2.80 1.87 4.85 1.40 .54 .94 1.59 16.06 39.49 1.09 1.71 .73 81982 1.58 1.88 2.74 1.78 4.58 1.48 .53 1.00 1.59 15.30 37.77 1.06 1.66 .74 91983 1.45 1.84 2.66 1.75 4.40 1.35 .56 1.01 1.53 15.23 36.91 .98 1.73 .77 81984 1.52 1.77 2.56 1.72 4.67 1.40 .55 .85 1.83 15.73 37.69 1.03 1.74 .82 81985 1.53 1.75 2.65 1.71 4.44 1.48 .55 .86 1.62 15.73 37.48 1.08 1.89 .89 81986 1.53 1.76 2.79 1.73 4.50 1.52 .59 .87 1.64 16.28 38.60 1.24 2.00 .95 81987 1.61 1.79 2.72 1.82 4.57 1.58 .63 .90 1.61 16.67 39.34 1.26 2.12 .99 81988 1.68 1.80 2.72 1.83 4.85 1.60 .75 .98 1.69 17.28 40.65 1.30 2.27 1.08 81989 1.75 1.84 2.58 1.90 5.06 1.72 .86 .98 1.73 17.33 41.33 1.32 2.38 1.15 81990 R1.74 1.83 2.68 1.87 R5.32 1.75 1.05 1.01 1.78 16.99 R41.62 1.47 2.30 1.17 81991 R1.68 1.94 2.83 1.86 R5.39 1.83 1.26 1.07 1.80 16.71 R42.02 1.48 2.50 1.19 81992 R1.73 1.93 2.84 1.89 R5.48 1.86 1.53 1.10 1.82 17.03 R42.98 1.52 2.66 1.27 – 1993 1.75 1.88 2.91 1.89 5.40 1.84 1.68 R1.06 1.83 17.24 R43.31 1.58 2.96 1.31 – 1994 1.77 R1.86 2.88 1.87 R5.66 1.93 1.84 1.12 1.83 17.72 R44.50 1.67 3.16 1.41 – 1995 R1.82 1.92 2.88 1.94 R5.70 1.82 2.01 1.19 1.82 17.72 R44.97 1.79 3.36 1.57 – 1996 R1.87 1.95 2.92 1.92 R5.75 1.79 2.10 1.20 1.85 18.31 R46.02 1.90 3.61 1.68 – 1997 R1.96 1.97 2.92 1.93 R5.71 1.85 2.25 1.27 R1.81 18.62 R46.78 2.03 3.92 1.77 – 1998 R1.95 2.04 2.92 1.94 R5.52 1.95 1.92 1.36 1.79 18.92 R46.93 2.10 4.11 1.84 – 1999 R2.04 2.03 2.84 1.89 R5.63 1.96 2.08 1.40 R1.81 19.52 R47.87 2.13 4.36 2.03 – 2000 2.03 2.00 2.77 1.85 R5.51 2.04 2.14 1.43 R1.77 19.70 R47.93 2.17 4.80 2.13 – 2001 R2.07 2.05 2.81 R1.83 R5.42 2.01 2.13 1.49 R1.75 19.65 R47.99 2.21 4.92 2.18 – 2002 R2.09 1.98 2.72 1.87 R5.32 1.95 2.15 1.50 R1.74 19.76 R47.94 2.13 5.16 2.26 – 2003 R2.22 2.00 2.68 1.87 R5.43 1.95 2.18 1.54 1.76 20.03 R48.65 2.06 5.58 2.35 – 2004 R2.31 2.01 2.67 1.79 R5.32 2.00 2.16 1.57 R1.79 20.73 R49.43 2.12 6.44 2.43 – 2005 R2.34 1.99 2.65 1.75 R5.32 R2.07 2.19 1.61 1.83 20.80 R49.82 R2.21 R6.70 R2.51 – 2006 R2.30 R1.98 R2.69 R1.74 R5.20 R2.08 R2.18 1.59 R1.81 20.69 R49.56 R2.26 R7.24 R2.66 – 2007P 2.36 1.95 2.46 1.70 5.01 2.12 2.21 1.61 1.74 20.68 49.12 2.40 7.57 2.80 – 

1 Through 1969, the data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. For 1970 through 1990,

this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 2 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD onDecember 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1970, the first year that data for these countries were available. Total OECD includes Czechoslovakia from 1970-1992, and Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1993

forward.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable.Notes: • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperati

membership. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 5.1, "Petroleum P

• 1960 forward—Energy Information Administration, Internationa
Figure 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production

World and Top Producing Countries, 1998-2007 By Region, 2007By Region, 1998-2007326 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.11.

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

0

20406080

100120

Trillion Cubic Feet

27.40

5.19

10.79

29.83

North Central Europe1 Eurasia2 

08

1624

32

Trillion Cubic Feet

World

Canada

and South

 America

Russia

United States

Middle East

America

North America

Eurasia2

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

08

1624

32

Trillion Cubic Feet

Africa

Central and South America
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1998-2007

 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Region and Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

North America ................................................................. 26.27 26.38 26.97 27.51 26.89 26.95 26.54 2

 Canada ........................................................................... 5.98 6.27 6.47 6.60 6.63 6.45 6.48  Mexico ............................................................................ 1.27 1.29 1.31 1.30 1.33 1.40 1.46  United States .................................................................. 19.02 18.83 19.18 19.62 18.93 19.10 18.59 

Central and South America ........................................... 3.12 3.15 3.43 3.65 3.67 4.07 4.54 

 Argentina ........................................................................ 1.04 1.22 1.32 1.31 1.28 1.45 1.58  Venezuela ....................................................................... 1.11 .95 .96 1.12 1.00 .86 .96  Other ............................................................................... .96 .98 1.15 1.22 1.39 1.76 2.00 

Europe 1 ........................................................................... 10.49 10.72 10.98 11.10 11.41 11.48 11.89 

 Germany ......................................................................... .77 .82 .78 .79 .79 .78 .73  Italy ................................................................................. .67 .62 .59 .54 .52 .49 .46  Netherlands .................................................................... 2.84 2.65 2.56 2.75 2.68 2.57 3.04  Norway ........................................................................... 1.63 1.76 1.87 1.95 2.41 2.70 2.95  Romania ......................................................................... .52 .50 .48 .51 .47 .43 .42  United Kingdom .............................................................. 3.14 3.49 3.83 3.69 3.66 3.63 3.39  Other ............................................................................... .92 .88 .88 .89 .88 .86 .92 

Eurasia 2 .......................................................................... 24.31 24.59 25.43 25.65 26.26 27.25 28.16 

 Russia ............................................................................. 20.87 20.83 20.63 20.51 21.03 21.77 22.39 2 Turkmenistan .................................................................. .47 .79 1.64 1.70 1.89 2.09 2.07  Ukraine ........................................................................... .64 .63 .64 .64 .65 .69 .68  Uzbekistan ...................................................................... 1.94 1.96 1.99 2.23 2.04 2.03 2.11  Other ............................................................................... .40 .39 .53 .57 .65 .68 .91 

Middle East ...................................................................... 6.60 6.93 7.57 7.98 8.71 9.18 9.95 

 Iran ................................................................................. 1.77 2.04 2.13 2.33 2.65 2.86 2.96  Qatar ............................................................................... .69 .78 1.03 .95 1.04 1.11 1.38  Saudi Arabia ................................................................... 1.65 1.63 1.76 1.90 2.00 2.12 2.32  United Arab Emirates ..................................................... 1.31 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.53 1.58 1.63  Other ............................................................................... 1.18 1.14 1.30 1.41 1.48 1.51 1.65 

Africa ............................................................................... 3.70 4.02 4.44 4.63 4.68 5.11 5.29 

 Algeria ............................................................................ 2.60 2.88 2.94 2.79 2.80 2.85 2.83  Egypt .............................................................................. .49 .52 .65 .87 .88 1.06 1.15  Other ............................................................................... .61 .62 .85 .97 1.00 1.20 1.31 

Asia and Oceania 1 ......................................................... 8.70 9.29 R9.58 R9.60 R10.29 R10.89 R11.23 R

 Australia .......................................................................... 1.10 1.12 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.31  China .............................................................................. .82 .89 .96 1.07 1.15 1.21 1.44  India ................................................................................ .76 .75 .79 .85 .93 .96 1.00  Indonesia ........................................................................ 2.27 2.51 R2.24 R1.89 R2.06 R2.19 R2.03  Malaysia ......................................................................... 1.37 1.42 R1.60 R1.69 1.71 R1.84 R1.90  Pakistan .......................................................................... .71 .78 .86 .77 .81 .89 .97  Other ............................................................................... 1.68 1.82 1.97 2.14 2.40 2.52 2.59 

World ............................................................................... 83.19 85.08 R88.40 R90.13 R91.90 R94.93 R97.59 R1

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: Ener

Energy Database, May 28, 2009.
Figure 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1980-2007Top Consuming Countries, 2007328 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 11.12.

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20

0

20406080

100120

Trillion Cubic Feet World

Russia

Former U.S.S.R. United S

23.0

16.7

3.9 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.4 1.8 

United Russia Iran Japan Germany United Italy Canada Saudi Ukraine Uzbekistan F

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

States Kingdom Arabia 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2007

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year Canada France Germany 1 Indonesia Iran Italy Japan

Netherlands Former U.S.S.R. Russia Saudi Arabia Ukraine United Kingdom Unit

Stat

1980 1,883 981 2,621 R248 232 972 903 1,493 13,328 – – 334 – – 1,702 19,1981 1,842 1,003 2,513 R248 155 942 925 1,421 14,440 – – 564 – – 1,740 19,1982 1,859 979 2,334 R236 200 944 956 1,511 15,522 – – 430 – – 1,743 18,1983 1,863 999 2,397 R316 310 967 1,020 1,451 16,822 – – 418 – – 1,815 16,1984 2,017 1,079 2,584 R369 476 1,135 1,372 1,540 18,512 – – 620 – – 1,851 17,1985 2,165 1,110 2,546 R436 600 1,151 1,468 1,624 20,302 – – 716 – – 1,991 17,1986 2,130 1,129 2,595 R471 536 1,217 1,494 1,620 21,522 – – 890 – – 2,020 16,1987 2,112 1,038 2,733 R487 565 1,346 1,543 1,672 22,462 – – 946 – – 2,079 17,1988 2,331 963 2,716 R517 706 1,460 1,618 1,513 24,092 – – 1,028 – – 1,972 18,1989 2,427 984 2,835 R579 784 1,581 1,731 1,550 24,529 – – 1,052 – – 1,951 19,1990 2,378 997 2,669 R630 837 1,674 2,028 1,535 24,961 – – 1,077 – – 2,059 19,1991 2,400 1,131 2,776 R765 811 1,775 2,175 1,715 25,014 – – 1,130 – – 2,218 19,1992 2,596 1,146 2,739 R797 883 1,760 2,177 1,669 – – 16,482 1,201 3,503 2,170 20,1993 2,691 1,158 2,830 850 938 1,801 2,217 1,714 – – 16,185 1,268 3,871 2,412 20,1994 2,738 1,157 2,965 965 1,123 1,748 2,334 1,654 – – 15,214 1,331 3,327 2,542 21,1995 2,872 1,183 3,172 1,061 1,243 1,921 2,409 1,701 – – 14,507 1,343 2,970 2,690 22,1996 2,917 1,314 3,163 R1,137 1,416 1,984 2,524 1,874 – – 14,504 1,460 2,935 3,182 22,1997 2,887 1,300 3,012 1,125 1,663 2,048 2,590 1,763 – – 13,434 1,601 2,832 3,013 22,1998 2,798 1,313 3,130 983 1,828 2,205 2,676 1,752 – – 14,045 1,653 2,606 3,072 22,1999 3,108 1,383 3,151 1,124 2,112 2,396 2,818 1,705 – – 14,013 1,632 2,755 3,259 22,2000 2,991 1,403 3,098 R958 2,221 2,498 2,914 1,725 – – 14,130 1,759 2,779 3,373 23,2001 3,121 1,471 3,239 R726 2,478 2,505 2,902 1,769 – – 14,412 1,896 2,617 3,338 22,2002 3,173 1,528 3,204 R797 2,798 2,488 3,100 1,767 – – 14,567 2,002 2,779 3,379 23,2003 3,373 1,511 3,566 R805 2,910 2,743 3,100 1,775 – – 15,291 2,121 3,023 3,358 22,2004 3,341 1,690 3,576 R675 3,021 2,847 3,074 1,812 – – 16,022 2,319 3,051 3,477 22,2005 3,404 1,740 3,566 R719 3,616 3,046 3,081 1,747 – – 16,153 2,516 3,079 3,357 22,2006 3,307 R1,763 R3,524 R992 R3,839 2,984 R3,247 R1,690 – – 16,598 2,594 R2,483 R3,213 R21,2007P 2,894 1,647 3,441 913 3,948 2,998 3,542 1,639 – – 16,746 2,627 2,352 3,199 23,

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: Ener

Energy Database, June 9, 2009.
Figure 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2005

By Type By RegionTop Reserves Countries330 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.3 U.S. reserves are at end of 2007, 2 years later than other data in this figure.

Note: Data are at end of year. Source: Table 11.13.

473 457

Anthracite Subbituminous

0

200400600

Billion Short Tons271

18

51

249

2

North America Central Europe1 Eurasia2 Middle East 

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

and Bituminous

Coal

Coal and

Lignite

and South

America

263

173

126

84

62 53

37 35

15 8

United Russia China Australia India South Ukraine Kazakhstan Former Poland 

0

100200300

Billion Short Tons

Serbia and

Montenegro

States3 Africa
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2005

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal and Lignite 

North America ............................................................. R126,271 R145,206 

 Canada ....................................................................... 3,826 3,425  Greenland ................................................................... 0 202  Mexico ........................................................................ 948 387  United States 1 ........................................................... R121,496 R141,193 

Central and South America ....................................... 7,969 9,973 

 Brazil ........................................................................... 0 7,791  Chile ........................................................................... 34 1,268  Colombia .................................................................... 7,251 420  Peru ............................................................................ 154 0  Other ........................................................................... 529 494 

Europe 2 ....................................................................... 9,296 41,485 

 Bulgaria ...................................................................... 6 2,195  Czech Republic .......................................................... 1,844 3,117  Former Serbia and Montenegro ................................. 7 15,299  Germany ..................................................................... 168 7,227  Greece ........................................................................ 0 4,299  Hungary ...................................................................... 219 3,420  Poland ........................................................................ 6,627 1,642  Romania ..................................................................... 13 452  Turkey ......................................................................... 0 2,000  United Kingdom .......................................................... 171 0  Other ........................................................................... 241 1,834 

Eurasia 3 ...................................................................... 103,186 145,931 

 Kazakhstan ................................................................. 31,052 3,450  Russia ......................................................................... 54,110 118,964  Ukraine ....................................................................... 16,922 20,417  Uzbekistan .................................................................. 1,102 2,205  Other ........................................................................... 0 895 

Middle East .................................................................. 1,528 0 

 Iran ............................................................................. 1,528 0 

Africa ........................................................................... 54,488 192 

 Botswana .................................................................... 44 0  South Africa ................................................................ 52,911 0  Zimbabwe ................................................................... 553 0  Other ........................................................................... 980 192 

Asia and Oceania 2 ..................................................... 169,994 113,813 

 Australia ...................................................................... 40,896 43,541  China .......................................................................... 68,564 57,651  India ............................................................................ 57,585 4,694  Indonesia .................................................................... 1,897 2,874  North Korea ................................................................ 331 331  Pakistan ...................................................................... 1 2,184  Thailand ...................................................................... 0 1,493  Other ........................................................................... 721 1,046 

World ........................................................................... R472,731 R456,599 

1 U.S. data are as of the end of 2007, 2 years later than the other data on this table. 2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 3 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • World Energy Council data represent "proved recoverable

reserves," which are the tonnage within the "proved amount in place" that can be recovered (extracted fromthe earth in raw form) under present and expected local economic conditions with existing, availabletechnology. • The Energy Information Administration (EIA) does not certify the international reserves data,

but reproduces the information as a matter of convenience fo

estimated recoverable reserves from the Demonstrated Reserve indicated tonnage. The U.S. term "measured" approximates the Council. The U.S. "measured and indicated" data have been "measured alone." • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Based on EIA, Annual Coal Report 

of the Coal Reserves Data Base. All Other Data: World Resources.
Figure 11.14 World Coal Production

World and Top Producing Countries, 1998-2007 By Region, 1998-2007Top Producing Countries, 2007332 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

China

World

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.14.

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

0

2

468

Billion Short Tons Central and South America

1998 2000 2002 

0.01.53.04.5

Billion Short Tons

United States

Eurasia2

Africa

2.80

1.15

0.53 0.44 0.35 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.16 0.10 0.08 0

China United India Australia Russia South Indonesia Germany Poland Kazakhstan Turkey Colo

0

1

2

3

Billion Short Tons

States Africa
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.14 World Coal Production, 1998-2007

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200

North America ............................................. 1,213 1,192 1,162 1,218 1,180 1,151 1,196 1,2

 Canada ....................................................... 83 80 76 R77 73 69 73 R Mexico ........................................................ 12 11 13 13 12 11 11  United States .............................................. 1,118 1,100 1,074 1,128 1,094 1,072 1,112 1,1

Central and South America ....................... 53 51 59 63 58 68 73 

 Colombia .................................................... 37 36 42 48 44 55 59  Other ........................................................... 16 15 17 15 14 13 14 

Europe 1 ....................................................... 886 832 R831 839 R830 R824 R809 R7

 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................ 8 7 R8 8 R9 R10 R10  Bulgaria ...................................................... 33 28 29 29 29 30 29 2 Czech Republic .......................................... 74 65 72 73 70 R70 R68 R Former Serbia and Montenegro ................. 49 36 41 40 42 44 45 R Germany .................................................... 233 226 226 227 233 229 R233 R2 Greece ........................................................ 67 68 70 73 78 75 77  Hungary ...................................................... 16 16 15 15 14 15 12  Macedonia .................................................. 9 8 8 9 8 8 8  Poland ........................................................ 197 188 179 180 178 R179 178 1 Romania ..................................................... 29 25 32 37 34 36 35  Slovenia ...................................................... 5 5 5 5 5 5 5  Spain .......................................................... 34 32 31 30 29 27 R23 R Turkey ......................................................... 74 74 70 68 60 54 51  United Kingdom .......................................... 44 40 34 35 33 31 27 2 Other ........................................................... 13 12 10 10 10 10 7 

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... R402 R410 R432 R434 R428 R467 R466 R4

 Estonia ........................................................ 14 12 13 13 14 16 15  Kazakhstan ................................................. 78 66 82 87 81 94 96  Russia ......................................................... R241 R259 R265 R262 R262 R283 R285 R3 Ukraine ....................................................... 66 69 69 68 68 71 66  Other ........................................................... 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 

Middle East .................................................. 1111111

 Iran ............................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Africa ........................................................... 254 250 256 257 R253 270 R274 27

 South Africa ................................................ 247 243 249 251 246 264 268 2 Zimbabwe ................................................... 5 5 5 5 4 4 4  Other ........................................................... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... 2,243 2,208 2,196 2,406 2,499 2,857 3,249 3,6

 Australia ...................................................... 317 321 338 363 R375 377 R388 R4 China .......................................................... 1,429 1,365 1,314 1,459 1,521 1,838 2,156 2,4 India ............................................................ 343 356 370 389 R396 R421 R447 4 Indonesia .................................................... 68 81 84 102 114 127 146 1 Mongolia ..................................................... 6 5 6 6 6 6 R7  North Korea ................................................ 27 31 33 34 32 R33 R35 R South Korea ................................................ 5 5 5 4 4 4 4  Thailand ...................................................... 22 20 20 22 22 21 22 2 Vietnam ...................................................... R13 11 13 14 18 18 28  Other ........................................................... 13 13 14 15 12 13 15 

World ........................................................... R5,052 R4,944 R4,937 R5,220 R5,249 R5,639 R6,068 R6,4

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Coal includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and

brown coal. • Production from Estonia is oil shale. • Totals 

independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: Ener

Energy Database, May 4, 2009.
Figure 11.15 World Coal Consumption

World Total, 1980-2007 Selected Countries, 1980-2007Top Consuming Countries, 2007334 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Source: Table 11.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Billion Short Tons

7.08

in 2007

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

3

Billion Short Tons C

Unite

States Africa 

2.77

1.13

0.59

0.28 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.11 0.07 0

China United India Germany Russia Japan South Australia Poland Turkey Ukraine Gr

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.83.5

Billion Short Tons
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2007

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Australia China Germany 1 Greece India Japan

North

Korea Poland

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

SouthAfrica Turkey Ukraine

Unit

Kingd

1980 74 679 535 26 123 98 49 221 751 – – 105 23 – – 11981 74 680 544 30 144 106 51 200 748 – – 116 24 – – 11982 80 726 548 31 150 104 54 208 771 – – 124 26 – – 11983 77 768 549 36 158 99 56 213 764 – – 127 30 – – 11984 80 845 573 36 187 111 57 227 770 – – 137 35 – – 1985 86 911 579 42 194 117 60 238 779 – – 142 46 – – 11986 85 962 576 44 209 107 59 247 803 – – 145 55 – – 11987 93 1,027 565 49 211 110 57 258 807 – – 148 54 – – 11988 96 1,098 561 56 222 122 R71 253 821 – – 151 46 – – 11989 104 1,113 553 59 236 123 57 242 777 – – 140 61 – – 11990 104 1,124 528 59 248 127 54 202 848 – – 139 60 – – 11991 102 1,165 408 59 270 129 52 202 672 – – 144 64 – – 11992 108 1,199 362 62 282 125 46 192 – – R326 147 66 132 11993 107 1,276 335 62 296 127 42 193 – – R313 146 60 115 1994 110 1,390 314 66 313 136 39 184 – – R284 161 66 92 1995 112 1,495 298 64 329 141 36 185 – – R270 162 67 95 1996 120 1,509 296 66 326 142 31 189 – – R278 164 73 74 1997 127 1,450 281 66 351 148 30 182 – – R253 172 80 72 1998 138 1,392 269 68 362 141 27 168 – – R238 161 86 73 1999 141 1,343 258 68 388 153 31 162 – – R247 169 84 72 2000 141 1,282 270 72 403 169 33 158 – – R253 175 89 72 2001 141 1,357 278 75 417 173 34 152 – – R231 179 80 70 2002 R143 1,413 278 77 R425 179 32 149 – – R240 170 73 71 2003 R142 1,720 277 78 R437 185 33 R154 – – R243 186 71 77 2004 R144 2,057 R280 79 R484 203 R34 154 – – R235 199 71 69 2005 R153 2,333 R271 78 R505 196 R36 150 – – R233 193 85 R71 2006 R155 R2,584 R271 R71 R539 198 R36 155 – – R240 195 R92 R77 R2007P 172 2,773 281 71 591 208 38 152 – – 244 197 105 74 

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: Ener

Energy Database, May 4, 2009.
Figure 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity

Net Generation by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006 Net Generation by Type by Region, 2006

(Percent of Regional Total)

Top Net Generating Countries, 2006336 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased

steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See ”U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.

3 Includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. S(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.Source: Table 11.16.

11.9 

3.0 2.7

0.4

7.1

2.1 1.9

0.1

5.6

1.7

0.7

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Other1

0

2

468

10

12

14

Trillion Kilowatthours

1980 1990 2006

4.1

2.7

1.0 0.9

0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

United China Japan Russia India Germany Canada France

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

66

18

16

North America

C

Power

(s)

89

1

10

Middle East and Africa

53

27

20

Europe2

States
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2006 P 1980 1990 2006 P 1980 1990 2006 P 

North America ............................................. 1,880.1 2,292.0 3,212.2 287.0 648.9 890.6 546.9 606.5 664.6 

 Canada ....................................................... 79.8 101.9 138.7 35.9 69.2 93.1 251.0 293.9 351.8  Mexico ........................................................ 46.0 85.7 187.2 .0 2.8 10.3 16.7 23.2 30.1  United States ............................................. 1,753.8 2,103.8 2,885.3 251.1 576.9 787.2 279.2 289.4 282.7  Other ........................................................... .5 .7 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 

Central and South America ....................... 99.8 R 115.1 265.3 2.2 9.0 20.9 201.5 365.1 639.6 

 Argentina .................................................... 22.2 20.9 63.8 2.2 7.0 7.2 17.3 20.2 37.0  Brazil ........................................................... 7.5 R 8.3 35.6 .0 1.9 13.8 128.4 204.6 345.3  Paraguay .................................................... (s) (s) (s) .0 .0 .0 .7 27.2 53.2  Venezuela ................................................... 17.6 21.0 27.1 .0 .0 .0 14.4 36.6 81.3  Other ........................................................... 52.4 64.8 138.8 .0 .0 .0 40.6 76.4 122.7 

Europe 3 ....................................................... 1,453.3 R1,441.4 1,880.8 229.6 761.3 958.1 458.0 474.5 532.0 

 Belgium ....................................................... 38.3 25.0 31.6 11.9 40.6 44.3 .3 .3 .4  Czech Republic .......................................... – – – – 50.8 – – – – 24.7 – – – – 2.5  Finland ........................................................ 22.0 22.8 34.2 6.6 18.3 21.8 10.1 10.8 11.4  France ........................................................ 118.0 44.3 52.2 63.4 298.4 427.7 68.3 52.8 55.3  Germany ..................................................... 390.3 358.9 364.6 55.6 145.1 158.9 18.8 17.2 19.7  Italy ............................................................. 125.5 167.5 239.1 2.1 .0 .0 45.0 31.3 36.6  Netherlands ................................................ 58.0 63.2 80.1 3.9 3.3 3.3 .0 .1 .1  Norway ....................................................... .1 .2 .6 .0 .0 .0 82.7 119.9 118.2  Poland ........................................................ 111.1 125.0 146.7 .0 .0 .0 2.3 1.4 2.0  Romania ..................................................... 51.4 R 50.1 35.9 .0 .0 5.2 12.5 10.9 18.2  Spain .......................................................... 74.5 66.5 174.2 5.2 51.6 57.1 29.2 25.2 25.3  Sweden ....................................................... 10.1 3.2 4.0 25.3 64.8 63.6 58.1 71.8 61.1  Switzerland ................................................. .9 .6 .9 12.9 22.4 26.4 32.5 29.5 30.6  Turkey ......................................................... 12.0 32.3 123.8 .0 .0 .0 11.2 22.9 43.8  United Kingdom .......................................... 228.9 230.0 280.4 32.3 62.5 71.7 3.9 5.1 4.6  Other ........................................................... 212.1 251.6 261.6 10.3 54.4 53.3 83.2 75.4 102.2 

Eurasia 4 ...................................................... 1,037.1 1,204.1 890.0 72.9 201.3 240.2 184.0 230.7 243.5 

 Kazakhstan ................................................. – – – – 60.1 – – – – .0 – – – – 7.7  Russia ......................................................... – – – – 619.6 – – – – 144.3 – – – – 173.6  Ukraine ....................................................... – – – – 84.7 – – – – 84.8 – – – – 12.9  Other ........................................................... 1,037.1 1,204.1 125.6 72.9 201.3 11.1 184.0 230.7 49.3 

Middle East .................................................. 81.8 R 214.7 618.1 .0 .0 .0 9.6 9.6 23.2 

 Iran ............................................................. 15.7 49.8 171.8 .0 .0 .0 5.6 6.0 18.0  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 20.5 64.9 169.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0  Other ........................................................... 45.7 R 99.9 277.3 .0 .0 .0 4.1 3.6 5.2 

Africa ........................................................... R 128.5 243.6 443.5 .0 8.4 10.1 60.1 54.9 90.9 

 Egypt .......................................................... 8.6 31.5 95.8 .0 .0 .0 9.7 9.9 12.8  South Africa ................................................ 92.1 146.6 216.2 .0 8.4 10.1 1.0 1.0 1.1  Other ........................................................... R 27.9 65.5 131.5 .0 .0 .0 49.4 44.0 77.0 

Asia and Oceania 3 ..................................... R 908.1 R1,624.3 4,634.1 92.7 279.9 540.4 262.7 404.1 796.6 

 Australia ...................................................... 74.5 131.8 218.0 .0 .0 .0 12.8 14.0 15.5  China .......................................................... 227.9 465.2 2,225.1 .0 .0 54.8 57.6 125.1 431.4  India ............................................................ 69.7 198.9 565.8 3.0 5.6 15.6 46.5 70.9 112.5  Indonesia .................................................... 10.6 35.3 109.8 .0 .0 .0 2.2 6.7 9.5  Japan .......................................................... 381.6 524.0 633.7 78.6 192.2 288.3 87.8 88.4 84.9  South Korea ................................................ 29.8 45.5 234.4 3.3 50.2 141.3 1.5 4.6 3.4  Taiwan ........................................................ 31.3 43.6 170.6 7.8 31.6 37.9 2.9 8.2 7.9  Thailand ...................................................... 12.3 38.7 119.8 .0 .0 .0 1.3 4.9 7.9  Other ........................................................... R 70.4 R 141.3 357.0 (s) .4 2.5 50.0 81.2 123.5 

World ........................................................... R 5,588.7 R7,135.2 11,943.9 684.4 1,908.8 2,660.3 1,722.9 2,145.4 2,990.5 

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total. 3 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 4 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 8.2a. All Other Data: Ener

Energy Database, April 3, 2009.
Figure 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type

Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006Installed Capacity and Net Generation Shares of Totals by Type, 2006338 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased

steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

Note: Shares are based on data prior to rounding for publ

100 percent.

Sources: Tables 11.16 and 11.17.

2,752

798

377

1,738

595

323

1,348

457

136 5

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

600

1,2001,8002,4003,000

Million Kilowatts

1980 1990 2006

66

17 15

68

20

9

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

20406080

Percent of Total

Installed Capacity Net Generation
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2006

 (Million Kilowatts)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2006 P 1980 1990 2006 P 1980 1990 2006 P 

North America ............................................. 481.7 574.9 835.6 57.7 112.2 115.0 135.7 159.1 181.7 

 Canada ....................................................... 26.6 28.0 35.5 5.9 11.9 13.3 47.9 57.9 71.8  Mexico ........................................................ 10.8 18.9 38.2 .0 .7 1.4 6.1 7.8 10.6  United States 3 ........................................... 444.1 527.8 761.6 51.8 99.6 100.3 81.7 93.4 99.3  Other ........................................................... .2 .3 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 

Central and South America ....................... 36.0 44.9 81.9 .4 1.7 3.0 43.0 84.1 128.5 

 Argentina .................................................... 8.0 9.5 17.3 .4 1.0 1.0 3.6 6.6 9.9  Brazil ........................................................... 4.1 4.7 14.2 .0 .7 2.0 27.5 44.8 70.9  Paraguay .................................................... .1 (s) (s) .0 .0 .0 .2 5.8 7.4  Venezuela ................................................... 5.8 8.5 7.5 .0 .0 .0 2.7 10.0 14.6  Other ........................................................... 18.0 22.1 42.9 .0 .0 .0 9.0 16.9 25.7 

Europe 4 ....................................................... 351.2 386.6 457.6 46.5 125.7 135.7 135.3 153.9 164.6 

 Belgium ....................................................... 8.2 7.2 8.3 1.7 5.5 5.8 .7 .1 .1  Czech Republic .......................................... – – – – 11.5 – – – – 3.8 – – – – 1.0  Finland ........................................................ 6.3 7.8 10.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.0  France ........................................................ 30.1 22.8 26.4 14.4 52.5 63.4 16.4 20.3 20.8  Germany ..................................................... 84.1 87.5 74.5 10.4 24.5 20.4 7.9 8.7 4.1  Italy ............................................................. 27.6 37.5 60.9 1.4 .0 .0 15.8 12.6 13.9  Netherlands ................................................ 16.9 16.8 20.0 .5 .5 .4 .0 (s) (s)  Norway ....................................................... .2 .2 .1 .0 .0 .0 19.8 25.7 26.4  Poland ........................................................ 23.0 26.1 29.8 .0 .0 .0 .6 .6 .9  Romania ..................................................... 12.7 17.3 12.8 .0 .0 .7 3.5 5.6 6.3  Spain .......................................................... 13.9 19.9 40.0 1.1 7.5 7.6 13.5 11.6 12.9  Sweden ....................................................... 7.9 7.2 6.5 4.6 9.9 8.9 14.9 15.8 16.3  Switzerland ................................................. .6 .8 .3 1.9 3.0 3.2 11.5 11.6 13.4  Turkey ......................................................... 3.0 9.2 25.9 .0 .0 .0 2.1 6.6 12.9  United Kingdom .......................................... 65.6 59.1 62.2 6.5 11.4 11.9 2.5 1.4 1.5  Other ........................................................... 51.2 67.2 68.4 1.7 8.6 7.1 23.8 30.7 31.1 

Eurasia 5 ...................................................... 201.9 240.8 237.7 12.5 37.9 38.6 52.3 65.0 67.9 

 Kazakhstan ................................................. – – – – 16.5 – – – – .0 – – – – 2.2  Russia ......................................................... – – – – 149.2 – – – – 23.2 – – – – 45.8  Ukraine ....................................................... – – – – 34.9 – – – – 13.8 – – – – 4.7  Other ........................................................... 201.9 240.8 37.1 12.5 37.9 1.6 52.3 65.0 15.2 

Middle East .................................................. 27.6 67.6 135.9 .0 .0 .0 2.6 4.8 8.7 

 Iran ............................................................. 9.4 15.5 39.3 .0 .0 .0 1.8 2.0 5.1  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 5.9 19.1 33.5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0  Other ........................................................... 12.3 33.1 63.0 .0 .0 .0 .8 2.8 3.7 

Africa ........................................................... R 30.3 R 57.3 86.0 .0 1.8 1.8 13.9 R 18.8 22.0 

 Egypt .......................................................... 2.4 8.7 17.5 .0 .0 .0 2.4 2.7 2.8  South Africa ................................................ 17.8 28.6 38.0 .0 1.8 1.8 .5 .6 .7  Other ........................................................... R 10.1 R 20.0 30.5 .0 .0 .0 10.9 R 15.5 18.6 

Asia and Oceania 4 ..................................... 218.9 365.4 917.4 18.5 43.9 82.6 74.4 109.3 224.7 

 Australia ...................................................... 17.6 27.8 40.3 .0 .0 .0 6.2 7.3 7.8  China .......................................................... 45.6 92.1 391.4 .0 .0 6.9 20.3 34.6 117.4  India ............................................................ 20.7 51.9 101.9 .9 1.6 3.4 11.8 18.3 32.3  Indonesia .................................................... 3.9 9.6 18.9 .0 .0 .0 1.0 3.0 4.6  Japan .......................................................... 94.3 119.1 173.7 15.7 29.4 49.6 19.6 20.4 22.1  South Korea ................................................ 6.5 11.0 45.3 .6 7.6 17.2 .8 1.3 1.6  Taiwan ........................................................ 6.9 10.2 32.0 1.3 5.1 5.1 1.4 2.6 4.5  Thailand ...................................................... 2.6 6.0 22.8 .0 .0 .0 1.3 2.3 3.5  Other ........................................................... 20.8 37.7 91.1 .1 .1 .5 12.1 19.6 31.0 

World ........................................................... R1,347.6 R1,737.5 2,752.2 135.5 323.1 376.8 457.2 R595.0 798.2 

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total. 3 Net summer capability. 4 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 5 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: United States: Table 8.11a All Other Data: Ener

Energy Database, March 30, 2009.
Figure 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation

By Region, 2007 Top Net Generating Countries, 1998-2007Top Net Generating Countries, 2007340 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.18.

906

19

905

246

13

506

North Central Europe1 Eurasia2 Africa Asia and

0

300600900

1,200

Billion Kilowatthours

and South

America

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

America Oceania1

Russia

France

Japan

United State

Germany

806

418

251

148 136 134

89 87 64 63 59 52 46 39 

United France Japan Russia South Germany Canada Ukraine Sweden China United Spain Belgium Taiwa

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

States Korea Kingdom 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1998-2007

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200

North America ............................................. 750.2 807.6 830.9 850.0 861.1 844.9 883.1 87

 Canada ....................................................... 67.7 69.8 69.2 72.9 71.8 71.1 85.9 8 Mexico ........................................................ 8.8 9.5 7.8 8.3 9.3 10.0 8.7 1 United States .............................................. 673.7 728.3 753.9 768.8 780.1 763.7 788.5 78

Central and South America ....................... 10.3 10.5 10.9 20.8 19.2 20.4 18.9 1

 Argentina .................................................... 7.1 6.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 7.0 7.3  Brazil ........................................................... 3.1 3.8 4.9 14.3 13.8 13.4 11.6 

Europe 1 ....................................................... 897.7 911.3 914.9 944.1 953.7 957.0 R968.9 R95

 Belgium ....................................................... 43.9 46.6 45.7 44.0 45.0 45.0 44.9 4 Bulgaria ...................................................... 16.1 15.0 17.3 18.2 20.2 16.0 15.6 1 Czech Republic .......................................... 12.5 12.7 12.9 14.0 17.8 24.6 25.0 2 Finland ........................................................ 20.8 21.8 21.4 21.6 21.2 21.6 21.6 2 France ........................................................ 368.6 374.5 394.4 400.0 414.9 419.0 425.8 42 Germany ..................................................... 153.6 161.5 161.1 162.7 156.6 156.8 158.7 15 Hungary ...................................................... 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.4 13.3 10.5 11.3 1 Netherlands ................................................ 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6  Romania .................................................... 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.5 5.3  Slovakia ...................................................... 10.8 12.5 15.7 16.2 17.1 17.0 16.2 1 Slovenia ...................................................... 4.8 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.2  Spain .......................................................... 56.0 55.9 59.1 60.5 59.9 58.8 60.4 5 Sweden ....................................................... 69.9 69.5 54.5 68.5 64.2 64.0 73.6 R6 Switzerland ................................................. 24.5 24.5 25.1 25.5 25.9 26.1 25.6 2 United Kingdom .......................................... 94.5 90.4 80.8 85.4 83.6 84.3 R76.0 R7

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... 183.4 189.7 203.4 209.8 223.0 234.4 236.7 23

 Armenia ...................................................... 1.4 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.2  Kazakhstan ................................................. .1 (s) .0 .0 .0 .0 .0  Lithuania ..................................................... 12.9 9.4 8.0 10.8 13.4 14.7 14.3  Russia ......................................................... 98.3 110.9 122.5 125.4 134.1 141.2 137.5 14 Ukraine ....................................................... 70.6 67.4 71.1 71.7 73.4 76.7 82.7 8

Africa ........................................................... 13.6 12.8 13.0 10.7 12.0 12.7 14.3 1

 South Africa ................................................ 13.6 12.8 13.0 10.7 12.0 12.7 14.3 1

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... 460.8 461.2 476.8 481.3 476.2 448.4 495.4 R53

 China .......................................................... 13.5 14.1 15.9 16.6 25.2 41.7 47.9 5 India ............................................................ 10.6 11.5 14.1 18.2 17.8 16.4 15.0 1 Japan .......................................................... 315.7 300.8 305.9 303.9 280.3 228.0 268.3 R28 Pakistan ...................................................... .4 .1 .4 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9  South Korea ................................................ 85.2 97.9 103.5 106.5 113.1 123.2 124.2 13 Taiwan ........................................................ 35.4 36.9 37.0 34.1 38.0 37.4 37.9 3

World ........................................................... 2,316.0 2,393.1 2,449.9 2,516.7 2,545.3 2,517.8 R2,617.3 R2,63

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

(s) = Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 8.2a. All Other Data: Ener

Energy Database, March 30, 2009.
Figure 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

World, 1997-2006 World by Region, 2006 Top Countries, 2006342 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

America 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See ”U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.3 Includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See ”U.S.S.R.” in Glossary.

Note: Data include carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fu

gas venting and flaring. 

Source: Table 11.19.

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

05

1015202530

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 29.2 billion metric tons in 2006

and South

America

7.0

1.1

4.7

2.6

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 

0369

12

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

6.0 5.9

1.7

1.3 1.2

0.9

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 

China United Russia India Japan Germany Canada United South Iran Ital

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

States Kingdom Korea 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1997-2006

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Region and Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 200

North America ............................................. R6,492 R6,547 R6,615 R6,810 R6,697 R6,782 R6,870 R6,9

 Canada ....................................................... R549 R554 R568 R565 R554 R573 R602 R6 Mexico ........................................................ R350 R372 R364 R383 R380 384 389 R3 United States 2 ........................................... R5,592 R5,620 R5,682 R5,860 R5,762 R5,824 R5,878 R5,9 Other ........................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Central and South America ....................... R950 R975 R984 R993 R1,016 R1,005 R1,023 R1,0

 Argentina .................................................... 130 R136 R140 R138 R128 R121 R134 R14 Brazil ........................................................... R326 R325 R336 R345 R349 R347 R346 R3 Venezuela ................................................... R135 142 133 134 R149 R147 R134 R14 Other ........................................................... R359 R372 R374 375 389 R390 R408 R4

Europe 3 ....................................................... R4,503 R4,487 R4,436 R4,500 R4,559 R4,532 R4,679 R4,7

 Belgium ....................................................... R146 R151 R143 R149 R146 R143 R151 R1 France ........................................................ R385 R410 R404 R402 R406 R402 R409 R4 Germany ..................................................... R889 R872 R841 R857 R878 R857 R874 R8 Italy ............................................................. R425 R441 R441 R448 R445 R453 R475 R4 Netherlands ................................................ R240 R242 R239 R252 R278 R259 R261 R2 Poland ........................................................ R339 R316 R329 R295 R279 R276 R289 R2 Romania ..................................................... R120 R101 91 93 R102 R100 R100 R1 Spain .......................................................... R272 R282 R309 R327 R332 R349 R357 R3 Turkey ......................................................... R182 R184 R182 R202 R184 R195 R207 R2 United Kingdom .......................................... R569 R564 R559 R561 R575 R564 R575 R5 Other ........................................................... R935 R924 R898 R913 R934 R934 R980 R9

Eurasia 4 ...................................................... R2,244 R2,235 R2,320 R2,356 R2,332 R2,354 R2,471 R2,5

 Kazakhstan ................................................. R120 R116 R133 R143 R148 R154 R166 R1 Russia ......................................................... R1,483 R1,482 R1,560 R1,582 R1,571 R1,572 1,627 R1,6 Ukraine ....................................................... R344 R333 R328 R327 R319 R327 R357 R34 Uzbekistan .................................................. 103 R102 103 106 111 R114 R115 R1 Other .......................................................... R194 R201 R195 R197 R184 188 R206 R2

Middle East ................................................ R989 R1,019 R1,057 R1,094 R1,119 R1,175 R1,240 R1,3

 Iran ........................................................... R291 R295 R317 R321 R334 R365 R387 R4 Saudi Arabia ............................................... R255 R258 R264 R291 R301 R312 R347 R3 Other ...................................................... R443 R467 R475 R483 R483 R499 R506 R5

Africa .......................................................... R872 R861 R877 R892 R923 R924 R975 R1,0

 Egypt .......................................................... R112 R115 R117 119 R130 R134 R144 R1 South Africa ................................................ R388 R370 R381 R392 R399 R385 R418 R44 Other .......................................................... R371 R376 R378 R381 R394 R405 R413 R4

Asia and Oceania 3 ..................................... R7,197 R7,035 R7,247 R7,366 R7,608 R8,050 R8,806 R9,8

 Australia ...................................................... R334 R340 R359 R360 R374 R383 R381 R3 China .......................................................... R3,133 R3,029 R2,992 R2,967 R3,108 R3,441 R4,062 R4,8 India ............................................................ R878 R914 R971 R1,012 R1,035 R1,034 R1,048 R1,1 Indonesia .................................................... R247 R241 R266 R274 R300 R315 R305 R3 Japan .......................................................... R1,161 R1,116 R1,158 R1,204 R1,197 R1,203 R1,253 R1,2 Malaysia ..................................................... 102 R103 R107 R112 R125 R134 R150 R1 South Korea ................................................ R435 R375 R433 R446 R452 R468 R478 R4 Taiwan ........................................................ R210 R225 R224 R252 R249 R274 R290 R2 Thailand ...................................................... R177 R162 R171 R162 R172 R187 R206 R2 Other .......................................................... R520 R530 R567 R578 R594 R612 R633 R6

World ......................................................... R23,247 R23,160 R23,535 R24,011 R24,253 R24,823 R26,064 R27,4

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44. 2 Data for the United States differ from those in Table 12.1 because U.S. data in this table includeemissions from bunker fuels consumption; exclude emissions from geothermal power generation, cementproduction and other industrial processes, and municipal solid waste combustion; and exclude data for theU.S. Territories.

3 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 4 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent up

ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • Data include carbon dioxide emand natural gas flaring. • See Note 2, "World Carbon Dioxide Enot equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International En

Table H.1co2.
International Energy

Note 1. World Primary Energy Production. World primary energy productionincludes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plantliquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric

power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. Data for theUnited States also include other renewable energy. Crude oil production is measured at the wellhead and includes lease condensate. Natural gas plant liquids areproducts obtained from processing natural gas at natural gas processing plants,including natural gas plants, cycling plants, and fractionators. Dry natural gasproduction is that amount of natural gas produced that is available to be marketedand consumed as a gas. Coal (anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, andlignite) production is the sum of sales, mine consumption, issues to miners, andissues to coking, briquetting, and other ancillary plants at mines. Coal production

data include quantities extracted from surface and underground mines and normallyexclude wastes removed at mines or associated preparation plants. The data ongeneration of electricity from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood,

waste, geothermal, solar, and wind include data reporing electricity that is generally used by the electric popurposes or electricity losses in the transformers that the station.Note 2. World Carbon Dioxide Emissions. In Tabide emissions include anthropogenic (human-caused) tion of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and also from not include carbon dioxide emissions from geotherproduction and other industrial processes, and muniPetroleum consumption statistics for each country hathe fraction of sequestration of non-fuel uses. Carbodetermined by applying carbon emission coefficients data. Carbon emission coefficients for petroleum, natand natural gas flaring are from Energy Information 

mentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in th2008), Tables 6.1 and 6.2. 

344 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Environmental Indicator

12

“Harpers Ferry, Junction of the Rivers Shenandoah and Potomac.” Engraving by W. Goodacre and Jamand Topography of the United States of North America, by John Howard Hinton, 1852. From the collection ers Ferry National Historical Park, Accession #1297.
Figure 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

By Type of Gas, 2007 Based on Global Warming Potential, by Type oBased on Global Warming Potential, 1980-2007 Change 1990-2007, Based on Global Warming 346 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.2 Methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6.

(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.- - = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.

Notes: • HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbo

• Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for coglobal warming potential by type of gas. 

Source: Table 12.1.

PFCs

SF6

Total

6.02

0.03 (s) - -

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

6.02

0.70

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitro

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Other2

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent +20 -11 +14 

Carbon Methane Nitrous 

-30 -150153045607590 -30

PercentCarbon Dioxide1

Dioxide 

Oxide
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2007

Year

Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Warmin

Carbon

Dioxide 2,3 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Carbon

Dioxide 2 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

Million Metric Tons of Gas Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equiva

1980 4,824.7 28.6 1.0 – – 4,824.7 658.0 287.0 1981 4,704.3 29.2 1.0 – – 4,704.3 671.1 292.0 1982 4,448.8 29.4 1.0 – – 4,448.8 676.8 282.6 1983 4,408.0 29.1 .9 – – 4,408.0 669.9 270.2 1984 4,655.8 29.8 1.0 – – 4,655.8 684.5 294.0 1985 4,638.3 30.0 1.1 – – 4,638.3 689.7 330.7 1986 4,642.5 29.4 1.1 – – 4,642.5 676.5 323.8 1987 4,800.2 29.9 1.1 – – 4,800.2 688.3 323.4 1988 5,012.6 30.1 1.1 – – 5,012.6 692.0 316.9 1989 5,105.8 30.2 1.1 – – 5,105.8 693.8 332.8 1990 R5,021.4 R31.3 1.1 – – R5,021.4 R782.1 R336.0 1991 R4,973.5 R31.1 1.2 – – R4,973.5 R778.4 R345.2 1992 R5,084.1 R31.2 1.2 – – R5,084.1 R781.0 R352.4 1993 R5,207.4 R30.1 1.2 – – R5,207.4 R753.3 R351.8 1994 R5,293.6 R30.2 1.3 – – R5,293.6 R754.7 R377.5 1995 R5,348.4 R30.1 1.2 – – R5,348.4 R752.6 R359.7 1996 R5,534.2 R29.2 1.2 – – R5,534.2 R729.1 R360.2 1997 R5,610.9 R29.2 1.2 – – R5,610.9 R730.0 R353.1 1998 R5,637.9 R27.9 1.2 – – R5,637.9 R696.5 R351.0 1999 R5,708.1 R27.6 1.2 – – R5,708.1 R690.6 R348.9 2000 R5,892.6 R27.4 1.2 – – R5,892.6 R685.7 R344.6 2001 R5,806.9 R26.8 1.1 – – R5,806.9 R670.1 R339.3 2002 R5,880.5 R27.0 1.1 – – R5,880.5 R674.2 R335.4 2003 R5,938.7 R27.1 1.1 – – R5,938.7 R676.5 R334.6 2004 R6,023.9 R27.2 1.2 – – R6,023.9 R679.7 R361.5 2005 R6,032.3 R27.2 1.2 – – R6,032.3 R679.4 R370.8 2006 R5,945.8 R27.5 1.3 – – R5,945.8 R686.9 R375.7 2007P 6,021.8 28.0 1.3 – – 6,021.8 699.9 383.9 

1 Emissions of greenhouse gases are weighted based upon their relative global warming potential

(GWP), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one. See "Global Warming Potential" in Glossary. 2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.

3 Carbon dioxide data in this table differ from those for the United States in Table 11.19 because data in

this table exclude emissions from international bunker fuels consumption; include emissions fromgeothermal power generation, cement production and other industrial processes, and municipal solid wastecombustion; and include data for the U.S. Territories.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native

units.

Notes: • HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluorocarbons; and SF6 = sulfur hexafluoride.

• Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" 

activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domsources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently rethe latest findings of the international scientific community. Revisiwell as to energy consumption data. • For information on unihttp://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/pdf/0573(2007).pdf, page Greenhouse Gases." • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions o

2007 (December 2008), Table 1; and EIA, Office of Integrated Ana
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

Total, 1980-2007 Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide EmissioBy End-Use Sector, 1980-2007 By End-Use Sector, 2007348 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

2007: 6.0 Billion

Metric Tons

1990: 5.0 Billion

Metric Tons

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 Based on chained (2000) dollars. 3 Electric power sector emissions are allocated to end-

sector’s share of total electricity retail sales (see Table 8.9). Sources: Tables 1.5 and 12.2.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

Gro

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1990=100

2.0

1.6

Transportation3 Industrial3 Res

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 Industrial3 Transportation3

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 Residential3 Commercial3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2007

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation

Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 

1980 385.2 909.0 244.5 652.5 1,192.8 1,787.7 1,383.9 1,386.2 1981 360.8 877.8 225.8 652.2 1,123.3 1,714.2 1,369.4 1,371.7 1982 359.1 872.2 226.1 654.1 983.2 1,506.9 1,338.3 1,340.5 1983 340.4 866.4 225.7 660.5 923.2 1,466.7 1,343.0 1,345.3 1984 348.8 885.8 236.2 693.7 1,036.0 1,612.6 1,387.2 1,389.6 1985 351.4 899.7 217.9 694.0 990.0 1,567.6 1,406.3 1,408.9 1986 342.5 895.2 216.2 698.8 963.2 1,523.4 1,460.2 1,462.9 1987 345.8 921.9 220.0 724.6 1,004.3 1,585.6 1,504.4 1,506.9 1988 366.7 969.6 230.1 760.0 1,054.1 1,659.3 1,564.1 1,566.8 1989 371.6 994.8 229.9 788.5 1,045.4 1,682.3 1,581.5 1,584.3 1990 341.6 R961.7 R224.9 787.5 R1,052.4 R1,686.9 1,579.4 1,582.6 1991 348.5 R977.2 225.7 R788.5 R1,021.3 R1,644.1 1,558.1 1,561.3 1992 358.4 978.6 226.8 R790.1 R1,074.6 R1,719.2 1,579.0 1,582.1 1993 374.4 R1,039.3 224.5 R815.9 R1,056.4 R1,709.5 1,607.4 1,610.6 1994 365.8 R1,032.3 226.9 R830.4 R1,073.5 R1,739.6 1,648.5 1,651.8 1995 362.8 1,039.2 230.0 848.4 R1,081.5 R1,738.6 1,679.0 1,682.2 1996 391.2 R1,098.5 238.6 879.0 R1,116.5 R1,791.9 1,722.2 1,725.4 1997 372.8 1,089.7 238.8 R923.0 R1,128.5 R1,820.3 1,740.9 1,744.2 1998 340.3 R1,097.0 221.8 R943.6 R1,091.1 R1,794.9 1,776.2 1,779.5 1999 360.9 R1,120.1 223.6 955.5 R1,071.6 R1,773.4 1,824.9 1,828.3 2000 379.7 R1,181.6 235.5 R1,015.2 R1,070.7 R1,786.4 1,868.9 1,872.6 2001 R367.8 R1,168.3 R226.9 R1,020.1 R1,051.9 R1,715.8 R1,847.2 R1,850.9 2002 367.2 R1,196.3 228.5 R1,017.9 R1,066.5 R1,715.5 1,887.2 1,890.9 2003 385.1 R1,224.6 R238.3 1,027.1 R1,053.0 R1,719.1 R1,892.6 R1,897.2 2004 371.7 R1,220.7 R233.7 R1,042.3 R1,075.4 R1,744.2 R1,954.2 R1,958.9 2005 R364.8 R1,254.9 R225.2 R1,060.2 R1,005.0 R1,672.3 R1,983.1 R1,988.0 2006 R327.3 R1,197.9 R205.7 R1,043.0 R1,001.0 R1,652.4 R2,008.7 R2,013.4 2007P 345.8 1,249.5 215.6 1,087.4 986.7 1,639.7 2,009.4 2,014.4 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

3 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

5 Carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. The electric power sector also has a

small amount of emissions from geothermal power generation and the combustion of the plasticscomponent of municipal solid waste.

6 In addition to "Primary" emissions, also includes emissions from energy consumption (for electricity

and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the electric p

end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electr

7 The sum of "Primary" emissions in the five energy-use secto

the four end-use sectors.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into E

• Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation methods frevised on an annual basis in keeping with the latest findings • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent ro

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions o

2007 (December 2008), Tables 6-11; and EIA, Office of Integrated 
Figure 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Sou

By End-Use Sector1 Total by Fuel By Petroleum ProductBy End-Use Sector1 and Source350 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

238

135

93

93

5

155

Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Residual Fuel Oil

Petroleum Coke

Kerosene

0 300 

Million M

1 Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are allocated to the enduse sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales (see Table 8.9). 2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 3 Coal coke net imports, the plastics component of municipal solid waste, and geothermal.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Aviation gasoline, lubricants, and other products.6 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are re7 The industrial sector also includes 4 million metric tons of 

Note: Because scales differ, graphs should not be comparSource: Table 12.3.

dential

2,580

2,159

1,237

15

Petro- Coal Natural Other3

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide2 1,250 1,087 1,640 2,014

Resi- Com- Indus- Trans0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide2

mercial trial portation leum Gas

LPG4

904 872

653

1 7 

172

257

163

405

88 45

406

1,974

Residential Commercial Industrial 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide2Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Electric Power Sector Generation

Other

5

6

7
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 20

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Energy Source

End-Use Sectors 

Residential Commercial 

2 Industrial 3 Transportation Total

 Petroleum .................................................. 88.3 45.4 406.4 1,974.0 2,514.2  Aviation Gasoline .................................... – – – – – – 2.2 2.2  Distillate Fuel Oil ..................................... 52.6 29.6 90.6 472.5 645.3  Jet Fuel ................................................... – – – – – – 238.0 238.0  Kerosene ................................................ 2.9 0.7 1.3 – – 4.8  Liquefied Petroleum Gases .................... 32.8 5.8 52.8 1.7 93.1  Lubricants ............................................... – – – – 6.0 5 5.6 11.6  Motor Gasoline ....................................... – – 3.1 24.7 1,180.5 1,208.3  Petroleum Coke ...................................... – – – – 71.5 – – 71.5  Residual Fuel Oil .................................... – – 6.2 17.8 73.5 97.5  Other ....................................................... – – – – 141.6 – – 141.6  Natural Gas ............................................... 256.9 163.4 404.9 35.4 860.6  Coal ........................................................... 0.6 6.8 6 172.2 6 ( ) 179.6  Coal Coke Net Imports .............................. – – – – 3.1 – – 3.1  Municipal Solid Waste 7 ............................. – – – – – – – – – –  Geothermal ................................................ – – – – – – – – – – 

Primary ........................................................ 345.8 215.6 986.7 2,009.4 3,557.5 

 Electric Power Sector Generation 8 ........... 903.7 871.7 653.0 5.0 2,433.4 

Total ............................................................. 1,249.5 1,087.4 1,639.7 2,014.4 5,990.9 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

3 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

5 Includes emissions from nonfuel use of lubricants. 6 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial sector consumption. 7 The plastics component of municipal solid waste. 8 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in p

electricity retail sales (see Table 8.9).

– – = Not applicable. Notes: • Data are preliminary estimates. • Emissions from b

manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels arsource—i.e., petroleum, natural gas, or coal. • See Note Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSource: Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Gree

(December 2008), Tables 7-11. 
Figure 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the 

Sector, 2002

Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Top Industry Groups Carbon Dioxide EmisCarbon Dioxide Emissions per Unit of Primary Consumption, Top Industry Groups352 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 All other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.

3 From energy inputs used to produce electricity, including 

Source: Table 12.4.

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1

Emissions per Quadrillion Btu3

(23%)

(18%)

(14%)

311 305

213

102 95 91

46 44

Chemicals Petroleum Primary Paper Food Nonmetallic Transpor- Plastics

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1 

Coa

203

Petroleum

258

Natural Gas

326

and Coal

Products

Metals Mineral

Products

tation

Equipment

and Rubber

Products

laneous

Total E

1,401 million metr

68.9 68.2

62.6 62.3 62.1 61.6 61.2 61.1 60.8 60.7 60.4 60.1 59.7 59.6

Primary Nonmetallic Plastics Computer Textile Fabricated Printing Textile Machinery Miscel- Beverage Food Apparel Trans- 

0

20406080

All Manufacturing Industries: 49.6

and

Electronic

Products

portation

Equipmen

Metal Mills

Products

and

Related

Support

and

Tobacco

Products

and

 Rubber

Products

Metals Product

Mills

Mineral

Products
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manu

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide,1 Except as Noted)

NAICS 2

Code Major Group 

Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Electricity 3 Other 4 Total 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 17.3 30.7 2.9 43.8 0.1 94.7  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 1.6 2.4 0.4 4.9 (s) 9.4  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 2.1 4.0 0.6 16.4 0.0 23.0  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 0.7 1.5 0.3 3.2 0.0 5.8  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0.0 0.8 0.1 2.3 0.0 3.2  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.6  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 0.1 3.0 1.2 13.7 0.4 18.4  322 Paper ................................................................................ 22.5 26.6 10.0 42.4 0.8 102.4  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0.0 2.4 0.1 9.5 0.0 12.0  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 19.3 46.4 153.9 24.6 60.8 304.8  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 32.8 106.2 70.2 99.4 2.4 311.0  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... 2.1 6.8 0.9 34.5 (s) 44.2  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 30.1 22.3 11.4 26.8 0.4 91.1  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 72.4 37.2 2.4 93.8 7.0 212.8  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0.8 11.1 0.9 30.6 0.0 43.4  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 0.1 4.3 0.4 16.0 (s) 20.8  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0.0 3.4 0.2 24.9 (s) 28.5  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ 0.0 2.8 0.1 8.9 2.3 14.2  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 1.0 10.7 1.2 32.7 0.1 45.7  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 0.1 1.3 0.1 4.6 0.1 6.3  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.1 6.7 0.0 8.5  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 202.8 325.9 257.6 540.7 74.2 1,401.2 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 3 Carbon dioxide emitted from energy inputs used to produce electricity (including associated losses),

derived by calculating the manufacturing subsector share of the electric power sector’s total carbon dioxideemissions based upon the weighted share of electricity retail sales to (receipts by) the manufacturingsubsector.

4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha < 401° F, other oils >= 401° F, special naphthas, waxes, andmiscellaneous nonfuel products, which are nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industrygroup (NAICS 324110).

5 Data are in million metric tons of carbon dioxide per quadrillion Btu of energy (including allocated

electricity losses).

6 Data are in metric tons of carbon dioxide per million chained (2000) dollars.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for h

material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. MEnergy Consumption Survey (MECS) consumption data have behave been computed. The revisions would likely not have a di• Electricity was converted from point-of-use to primary electricTable 2.2 for manufacturing energy use. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2

Survey," Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" (for 2002)Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2003 (May 2005).
Figure 12.5 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2007 By Source, 2007Energy Sources by Type 1980-2007 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2007354 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.2 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution.3 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.

5 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycl6 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals suc

and camels. 

Source: Table 12.5.

Sources Sources Man

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane 31.3 in 1990 11.5 8.6 

Energy Agricultural W

05

1015

Million Metric Tons of Methane 28.0 in 2007

Stationary Combustion4

Animal Waste

Rice Cultivatio

Natural Gas Systems2

Coal Mining

Mobile Combustion5

Enteric Fermentation

Petroleum Systems3

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2007

 (Million Metric Tons of Methane)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Coal

Mining

Natural

Gas

Systems 1

Petroleum

Systems 2

Mobile

Combustion 3

Stationary

Combustion 4 Total 5 Landfills

Wastewater

Treatment 6 Total 5

Enteric

Fermentation 7 Animal Waste 8 Rice Cultivation

Crop

Residue

Burning 

1980 3.05 4.25 NA 0.28 0.81 8.39 10.50 0.52 11.02 5.47 3.04 0.48 0.04 1981 2.80 4.86 NA .27 .82 8.75 10.67 .53 11.20 5.56 2.90 .54 .05 1982 3.23 4.89 NA .27 .88 9.26 10.61 .54 11.15 5.50 2.80 .47 .05 1983 3.02 4.85 NA .27 .86 9.00 10.65 .54 11.19 5.46 2.85 .31 .03 1984 3.60 4.95 NA .27 .86 9.68 10.66 .66 11.32 5.33 2.77 .40 .04 1985 3.88 5.00 NA .26 .84 9.98 10.63 .67 11.30 5.27 2.77 .36 .05 1986 3.73 4.88 NA .26 .82 9.69 10.51 .68 11.18 5.13 2.71 .34 .04 1987 4.01 4.98 NA .25 .80 10.04 10.61 .68 11.29 5.08 2.76 .33 .04 1988 3.93 5.13 NA .25 .83 10.14 10.49 .69 11.18 5.10 2.77 .41 .03 1989 3.96 5.29 NA .25 .86 10.36 10.41 .70 11.11 5.08 2.68 .38 .04 1990 R4.26 R5.62 1.30 .24 .56 R11.98 R10.34 .89 R11.22 R5.62 1.89 .40 .04 1991 R4.09 R5.84 1.31 .24 .59 R12.07 R10.04 .90 R10.94 R5.58 1.99 .40 .04 1992 4.05 R5.90 1.27 .23 .62 R12.07 R9.91 .92 R10.84 R5.70 R2.02 .45 .05 1993 R3.39 R5.89 1.21 .23 .54 R11.26 R9.69 .93 R10.63 R5.60 2.07 .41 .04 1994 3.51 R5.90 1.18 .22 .51 R11.33 R9.34 .95 R10.30 R5.75 2.15 .48 .05 1995 R3.65 R6.00 1.17 .21 .51 R11.54 R8.95 .97 R9.91 R5.86 2.17 .44 .04 1996 R3.20 R6.02 1.15 .21 .53 R11.11 R8.58 .98 R9.55 R5.74 R2.17 .41 .05 1997 R3.48 R6.29 R1.15 .21 .44 11.56 R8.11 .99 R9.10 R5.61 R2.30 .45 .05 1998 R2.87 R6.27 1.11 R.20 .39 R10.84 R7.51 1.00 R8.51 R5.52 2.33 .47 .05 1999 3.11 R6.28 R1.05 .20 .40 R11.04 R7.07 1.02 R8.08 R5.52 R2.30 .50 .05 2000 R2.97 R6.58 R1.04 R.20 .43 R11.21 R6.80 1.02 R7.82 R5.48 R2.30 .44 .05 2001 2.96 R6.40 1.03 .19 .38 R10.97 R6.44 1.02 R7.46 R5.43 2.32 .47 .05 2002 2.79 R6.71 1.02 .19 .39 R11.10 R6.45 1.03 R7.48 R5.44 R2.34 R.44 .05 2003 R2.80 R6.67 1.01 .18 .41 R11.07 R6.54 1.03 R7.57 R5.47 2.36 .43 .05 2004 R2.94 R6.75 .97 R.19 .41 R11.25 R6.48 1.04 R7.52 R5.39 2.38 .47 .06 2005 R2.81 R6.72 .93 .20 R.45 R11.11 R6.50 1.04 R7.54 R5.48 R2.42 R.46 .05 2006 R2.86 R6.85 .92 R.20 R.41 R11.23 R6.57 1.06 R7.63 R5.54 R2.52 R.39 .05 2007P 2.84 7.06 .92 .20 .46 11.48 6.76 1.07 7.83 5.54 2.60 .39 .06 

1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution; processing is not included in 1980 and is

incompletely covered in 1981-1989. 2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution. 3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport. 4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 5 See notes on components for specific coverage, which is inconsistent prior to 1990 in some cases. 6 1980-1984, domestic wastewater only; 1985 forward, industrial and domestic wastewater. 7 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, andcamels.

8 Estimation methods for 1990 forward reflect a shift in waste management away from liquid systems to

dry-lot systems, thus lowering emissions.

9 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthro

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity anatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not includmay be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic matepaddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latecommunity. • For information on units for mhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/pdf/0573(2007).pdf, page Greenhouse Gases." • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions o

2007 (December 2008), Tables 16-20; and EIA, Office of Integrate
Figure 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980-2007 By Source, 2007Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2007 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2007356 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

1 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics) and nitric

acid production (primarily for fertilizers).

2 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

3 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood fo

Source: Table 12.6.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150200

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

981

239

Agricultural Energy Ind

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide 1.1 in 1990 1.3 in 2007

Stationary Combustion3

Sources 

Sources Proc

Mobile Combustion2

Solid Waste of Do

Nitrogen Fert

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2007

 (Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Mobile

Combustion 1

Stationary

Combustion 2 Total

Waste

Combustion

Human

Sewage in

Wastewater Total

Nitrogen

Fertilization

of Soils

Crop

Residue

Burning

Solid Waste

of Domesticated

Animals Tota

1980 60 43 102 (s) 13 13 499 1 265 766 1981 63 42 105 (s) 13 14 515 2 267 783 1982 67 40 107 (s) 13 14 486 2 266 754 1983 71 41 112 (s) 14 14 441 1 265 707 1984 86 43 130 (s) 14 14 500 2 260 762 1985 98 43 141 (s) 15 15 619 2 252 872 1986 107 43 150 (s) 15 15 597 2 244 842 1987 120 44 164 1 15 16 582 1 238 822 1988 138 46 183 1 15 16 539 1 235 775 1989 146 46 192 (s) 15 16 586 2 229 817 1990 126 45 172 1 16 17 632 2 209 843 1991 147 45 192 1 16 17 638 2 211 850 1992 153 46 198 1 16 17 657 2 213 872 1993 159 46 205 1 17 17 642 1 215 858 1994 165 47 212 1 17 18 705 2 219 926 1995 173 47 220 1 17 18 634 2 222 R858 1996 179 49 228 1 17 18 624 2 220 R846 1997 180 50 230 1 18 19 645 2 216 R863 1998 R180 49 R230 1 18 19 657 2 R213 871 1999 R180 49 229 1 19 20 653 2 211 865 2000 R177 51 R228 1 19 20 641 2 209 R853 2001 R172 49 R221 1 19 20 640 2 R208 850 2002 R169 R49 R218 1 19 20 627 2 207 R836 2003 R168 R50 R217 1 19 20 632 2 205 839 2004 R172 R51 R223 1 R19 21 718 2 204 924 2005 182 R51 R233 1 20 21 734 2 207 R944 2006 185 50 235 1 20 21 R747 2 209 R958 2007P 188 50 239 1 20 21 771 2 209 981 

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid

production (primarily for fertilizers).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • Under certain conditions, methane

may be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic mate

paddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latecommunity. • For information on units for mhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/pdf/0573(2007).pdf, page Greenhouse Gases." • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions o

2007 (December 2008), Tables 21-25; and EIA, Office of Integrate
Figure 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful The

Emissions by Type of Generating Unit, 2007

Emissions by Sector, 1989-2007

358 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

 8.4

(s)

 0.4

 0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1 For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics portion of municipal

solid waste is included); tire-derived fuel, and geothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogenoxides: blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels; wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste,tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and

tar coal.

2 Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.Sources: Tables 12.7a-12.7c.

2,002

432

67

15

Coal

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Other1

0 600 1,200 1,800 2,400

Million Metric Tons of Gas2

Carbon Dioxide

0.4

0.2

0.2

01

Million M

Nitrogen Oxides

1990 1995 2000 2005

06

12

18

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1990 19

0

2

468

10

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Nitrogen Oxides

Total2

Electric

 Power Sector

Industrial Sector

Industrial Sector

Total2

Electric 

Power Sector

I

1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.8

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

Carbon Dioxide
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2007 (Sum of Tables 12.7b and 12.7c; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2 Petroleum 3

Natural

Gas 4 MSW 5

Geothermal 6 Total Coal 2 Petroleum 3 Natural Gas 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2 Petroleu

1989 1,553,863 143,948 217,292 5,531 360 1,920,994 R14,469 R984 1 R39 R15,493 R7,281 R269 1990 1,572,389 118,386 232,682 7,411 380 1,931,248 R14,281 R937 1 R243 R15,462 R7,119 R208 1991 1,572,149 110,242 236,893 8,358 394 1,928,035 R14,240 R856 1 R246 R15,342 R7,109 R193 1992 1,596,666 95,676 246,909 9,948 396 1,949,594 R14,060 R704 1 R264 R15,030 R6,975 R158 1993 1,666,152 107,124 249,159 10,293 411 2,033,139 R13,843 R851 1 R271 R14,966 R7,225 R173 1994 1,675,705 101,836 274,926 11,054 380 2,063,900 R13,398 R794 1 R279 R14,472 R7,005 R159 1995 1,697,952 76,280 297,108 11,844 326 2,083,509 R11,188 R826 2 R298 R12,314 R5,136 R332 1996 1,788,663 83,204 276,467 12,568 356 2,161,258 R11,811 R876 R1 R303 R12,991 R5,307 R352 1997 1,834,871 92,618 291,673 13,176 370 2,232,709 R12,211 R965 R1 R303 R13,480 R5,322 R326 1998 1,862,880 122,422 325,819 12,645 372 2,324,139 R12,012 R1,162 R1 R289 R13,465 R5,123 R395 1999 1,869,576 114,722 341,375 12,611 377 2,338,660 R11,453 R1,101 R2 R288 R12,843 R4,687 R391 2000 1,960,017 107,464 361,708 12,174 358 2,441,722 R10,729 R933 R2 R300 R11,963 R4,370 R404 2001 1,895,181 116,084 365,311 12,821 349 2,389,745 R9,905 R1,002 2 R265 R11,174 R4,096 R294 2002 1,912,656 90,208 377,055 14,759 369 2,395,048 R9,786 R773 2 R321 R10,882 R4,057 R225 2003 1,947,172 110,955 343,394 13,793 367 2,415,680 R9,688 R717 2 R239 R10,646 R3,607 R240 2004 1,962,742 114,653 365,205 13,956 377 2,456,934 R9,437 R633 2 R237 R10,309 R3,286 R225 2005 2,001,237 115,944 381,927 14,128 374 2,513,609 R9,499 R588 2 R251 R10,340 R3,135 R221 2006 1,974,057 67,326 403,024 15,023 371 2,459,800 R8,867 R427 2 R227 R9,524 R2,996 R164 2007 2,002,351 67,112 432,363 14,382 372 2,516,580 8,389 422 4 227 9,042 2,870 157 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 4 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics portion of municipal solid waste is included) and

tire-derived fuel. 6 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, land

byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, 

R=Revised. Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption f

output. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 12.7b and 12.7c.
360 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table 12.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2007 (Subset of Table 12.7a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2 Petroleum 3

Natural

Gas 4 MSW 5

Geothermal 6 Total Coal 2 Petroleum 3 Natural Gas 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2 Petroleu

1989 1,501,138 132,213 168,805 4,319 360 1,806,835 R13,815 R810 1 R7 R14,633 R7,055 R246 1990 1,514,803 100,783 176,345 5,734 380 1,798,046 R13,576 R628 1 R13 R14,218 R6,878 R175 1991 1,515,187 94,201 179,639 7,131 394 1,796,551 R13,590 R621 1 R15 R14,227 R6,886 R165 1992 1,537,071 78,366 186,792 8,387 396 1,811,012 R13,375 R559 1 R12 R13,946 R6,749 R128 1993 1,605,411 89,512 187,350 8,490 411 1,891,173 R13,133 R735 1 R13 R13,882 R6,996 R143 1994 1,613,316 84,167 210,098 9,217 380 1,917,178 R12,695 R665 1 R11 R13,373 R6,777 R128 1995 1,635,373 60,453 227,531 9,908 326 1,933,591 R10,573 R581 1 R34 R11,189 R4,974 R282 1996 1,725,336 65,456 204,224 9,827 356 2,005,198 R11,129 R617 R1 R32 R11,779 R5,144 R301 1997 1,771,312 74,368 219,073 10,227 370 2,075,350 R11,515 R653 R1 R36 R12,205 R5,157 R269 1998 1,801,302 104,582 248,587 10,062 372 2,164,904 R11,372 R911 R1 R37 R12,321 R4,965 R337 1999 1,807,766 96,956 261,143 10,165 377 2,176,407 R10,843 R836 R1 R42 R11,722 R4,535 R332 2000 1,897,723 91,338 281,618 10,043 358 2,281,080 R10,140 R746 R1 R45 R10,932 R4,225 R367 2001 1,837,763 101,874 289,646 10,787 349 2,240,419 R9,281 R754 2 5 R10,041 R3,878 R253 2002 1,853,683 78,040 305,917 12,622 369 2,250,631 R9,106 R550 2 R16 R9,672 R3,813 R187 2003 1,891,549 97,236 277,903 11,329 367 2,278,385 R9,255 R579 2 R13 R9,849 R3,496 R207 2004 1,903,702 99,246 296,216 11,053 377 2,310,594 R8,991 R493 2 R9 R9,495 R3,183 R193 2005 1,944,227 101,521 318,942 11,135 374 2,376,199 R9,071 R461 2 R10 R9,543 R3,051 R189 2006 1,918,413 54,820 337,859 11,414 371 2,322,876 R8,416 R264 2 R8 R8,690 R2,902 R135 2007 1,950,722 55,001 371,402 11,180 372 2,388,677 8,002 265 3 9 8,279 2,781 130 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 4 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics portion of municipal solid waste is included) and

tire-derived fuel. 6 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

R=Revised. Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal

output. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants

within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to se

public. • See Table 12.7c for commercial and industrial CHP "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at eOutput" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Carbon Dioxide: • 1989-1997—Energy Inform

"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Ann• 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant RepGenerator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form Eforward—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form Report." Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides: EIA, Form EIADesign Report." Data were adjusted by the Environmental Monitoring System.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2007 (Subset of Table 12.7a; Thousand Metric Tons 

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2 Petroleum 3

Natural

Gas 4 MSW 5

Geothermal 6 Total Coal 2 Petroleum 3 Natural Gas 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2 Petroleu

Commercial Sector 8

1989 2,292 631 1,534 796 – 5,253 R37 R5 (s) 1 R43 R9 2 1990 2,388 699 2,282 949 – 6,319 R39 R4 (s) 1 R45 R10 1 1991 2,648 538 2,276 1,004 – 6,466 R32 3 (s) 1 R35 R10 1 1992 2,521 469 2,773 1,245 – 7,008 R32 3 (s) 1 R35 R10 1 1993 2,953 610 3,298 1,273 – 8,134 R40 R3 (s) 1 R44 R12 1 1994 2,897 647 3,704 1,279 – 8,527 R39 3 (s) (s) R42 R11 1 1995 3,069 504 4,049 1,447 – 9,070 R30 R3 (s) R3 R35 R8 R6 1996 3,596 529 4,347 2,003 – 10,475 R40 R3 (s) R4 R47 R9 R4 1997 3,825 712 4,630 2,252 – 11,419 R43 R3 (s) R6 R51 R10 R7 1998 3,303 826 4,683 2,054 – 10,867 R37 R5 (s) R4 R45 R10 R5 1999 3,428 734 4,512 1,988 – 10,662 R34 R4 (s) R4 R42 R9 R4 2000 3,590 733 4,582 1,667 – 10,573 R33 R4 (s) R7 R43 R8 R4 2001 3,328 831 4,258 1,404 – 9,820 R43 4 (s) 2 R48 R13 R2 2002 2,988 566 4,015 1,505 – 9,074 R41 R2 (s) 2 R46 R13 R2 2003 3,855 677 3,205 1,689 – 9,426 R32 3 (s) R1 R36 R9 R5 2004 3,969 910 3,896 1,943 – 10,718 R30 R3 (s) 2 R35 R8 8 2005 3,982 751 4,066 1,878 – 10,676 R33 3 (s) 1 R36 R9 R6 2006 3,860 440 4,435 1,926 – 10,662 R33 3 (s) 1 R36 R9 3 2007 3,944 359 3,781 1,619 – 9,704 33 3 (s) 1 37 10 2 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 50,433 11,104 46,952 416 – 108,905 R616 R169 (s) R32 R817 R218 R21 1990 55,198 16,903 54,055 727 – 126,883 R666 R304 (s) R229 R1,199 R233 R31 1991 54,313 15,502 54,979 223 – 125,017 R618 R232 (s) R230 R1,080 R215 R27 1992 57,073 16,841 57,344 316 – 131,574 R655 R143 (s) R251 R1,049 R218 R29 1993 57,789 17,002 58,511 531 – 133,832 R671 R113 (s) R257 R1,041 R219 R29 1994 59,492 17,022 61,124 558 – 138,195 R664 R126 (s) R267 R1,057 R219 R30 1995 59,510 15,323 65,527 488 – 140,849 R585 R243 (s) R262 R1,090 R154 R43 1996 59,731 17,220 67,896 738 – 145,585 R642 R256 (s) R268 R1,166 R154 R48 1997 59,734 17,539 67,970 697 – 145,940 R653 R309 (s) R261 R1,223 R155 R50 1998 58,276 17,014 72,549 529 – 148,368 R603 R247 (s) R248 R1,099 R148 R53 1999 58,382 17,032 75,719 459 – 151,591 R576 R260 (s) R243 R1,080 R144 R55 2000 58,704 15,393 75,508 464 – 150,069 R556 R184 (s) R248 R988 R138 R34 2001 54,091 13,379 71,406 629 – 139,506 R581 R245 (s) R259 R1,085 R206 R39 2002 55,986 11,603 67,123 633 – 135,344 R639 R221 (s) R303 R1,163 R231 R36 2003 51,767 13,042 62,285 775 – 127,869 R401 R135 (s) R224 R761 R102 R28 2004 55,072 14,497 65,093 961 – 135,622 R415 R136 (s) R227 R779 R95 R25 2005 53,028 13,672 58,920 1,114 – 126,734 R395 R124 (s) R241 R760 R75 R27 2006 51,783 12,066 60,730 1,683 – 126,262 R419 R161 (s) R218 R798 R86 R26 2007 47,685 11,751 57,180 1,583 – 118,199 353 154 1 217 726 79 26 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 4 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics portion of municipal solid waste is included) and

tire-derived fuel. 6 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousanNotes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption f

output. • See Table 12.7b for electric power sector data. • SInto Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Useful Tnot equal sums of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Carbon Dioxide: • 1989-1997—Energy Inform

"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form Eforward—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form Report." Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides: EIA, Form EIADesign Report." Data were adjusted by the Environmental Monitoring System.
Figure 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental 

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2005Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-20052 Coal Units by Equipment Type, Petroleum and Natural 

1985-20052 by Equipment Type, 19

362 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Coal Units Petroleum and Natur

Particulate Collectors

Thousand Megawatts

329

158

101

27

59

Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Flue Gas Particulate Collectors Cooling Towe

0

50

100150200250300350

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Particulate Collectors

Cooling Towers

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Particulate Colle

Desulfurization1 

Cooling Towers

Cooling Towers

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.1 Also called “scrubbers.”2 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of

100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulatedgenerating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in

operating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-elec

greater, or combustible-renewable steam electric capacity of 

Note: • Components are not additive because some ge

one category.

Source: Table 12.8.

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 

0

255075

Thousand Megawatts
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipm

 (Megawatts)

Year

Coal Petroleum and Natural Gas 

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Coolin

Tower

1985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,481986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,651987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,781988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,801989 313,680 131,701 67,469 315,521 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,081990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,551991 319,046 135,565 70,474 319,110 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,910 164,631992 319,856 136,266 71,336 319,918 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,365 165,031993 318,188 135,885 71,106 318,251 32,620 28,922 – 58,580 350,808 164,801994 319,485 137,266 80,617 319,776 31,695 28,186 – 57,123 351,180 165,451995 320,685 138,108 84,677 320,749 30,513 27,187 – 54,942 351,198 165,291996 321,805 139,065 85,842 321,869 30,349 27,685 – 55,275 352,154 166,741997 320,646 138,120 86,605 320,710 31,422 28,766 – 56,485 352,068 166,881998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 – 55,764 351,790 166,891999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 – 55,812 353,480 175,522000 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 – 57,697 352,727 175,5220012 329,187 154,747 97,804 329,187 31,575 34,649 184 61,634 360,762 189,392002 329,459 154,750 98,363 329,459 29,879 45,920 310 72,008 359,338 200,672003 328,587 155,158 99,257 328,587 29,422 55,770 310 81,493 358,009 210,922004 328,506 157,968 101,182 328,506 27,402 57,082 310 81,450 355,782 214,982005 328,720 158,493 101,338 328,720 27,005 59,214 310 83,307 355,599 217,64

1 Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category. 2 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100

megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or greater, or combustible-renewablesteam-electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.

– = No data reported.Note: Beginning in 2006, data are not available.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1985-1993—Energy Information Administration (E

Operation and Design Report." • 1994 forward—EIA, Electric Po5.2, and EIA, Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and 

Using Thermal Conversion Factors

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energymeasured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels ofasphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this sectionrepresent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heatcontent rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review andare commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heatcontent rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The differencebetween the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize waterthat is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different intheir gross and net heat content rates. See “Heat Content” and “British thermal unit(Btu)” in the Glossary for more information.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times thethermal conversion factor for propane.In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 throughA6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and arelabeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminaryvalue until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. Thesource of each factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal ConversionFactor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in this appendix.

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. S

 Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.1See Table A3 for motor gasoline annual weighted averages 

 2Fuel ethanol, which is derived from agricultural feedstocks 

 duct but is blended into motor gasoline.

Miscellaneous .............................

Waxes ..................................Unfractionated Stream ........................Unfinished Oils ............................Still Gas .................................Special Naphthas ...........................Road Oil .................................Residual Fuel Oil ...........................Propane .................................Plant Condensate ...........................Petroleum Coke ............................

Still Gas ..............................Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F .........Naphtha less than 401° F ....................

Petrochemical FeedstocksPentanes Plus ..............................

Natural Gasoline ............................

Fuel Ethanol 

2 ...........................

Reformulated 

1 ...........................

Oxygenated 

1 ............................

Conventional 

1 ...........................

Motor GasolineLubricants ................................

Kerosene ................................Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type ........................Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type .......................Isobutane ................................Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent) ........Ethane ..................................Distillate Fuel Oil ...........................Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent) .......Butane ..................................Aviation Gasoline ...........................Asphalt .................................

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleu

(Million Btu per Barrel)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Appendix A

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
366 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Yea

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Production Imports Ex

Crude Oil 1

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids Crude Oil 1

Petroleum

Products Total Crude Oil 1

Petr

Pro

1949 5.800 4.544 5.952 6.261 6.059 5.800 51950 5.800 4.522 5.943 6.263 6.080 5.800 51955 5.800 4.406 5.924 6.234 6.040 5.800 51960 5.800 4.295 5.911 6.161 6.021 5.800 51965 5.800 4.264 5.872 6.123 5.997 5.800 51970 5.800 4.146 5.822 6.088 5.985 5.800 51971 5.800 4.117 5.824 6.062 5.961 5.800 51972 5.800 4.070 5.809 6.045 5.935 5.800 51973 5.800 4.049 5.817 5.983 5.897 5.800 51974 5.800 4.011 5.827 5.959 5.884 5.800 51975 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 51976 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 51977 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 51978 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 51979 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 51980 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 51981 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 51982 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 51983 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 51984 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 51985 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 51986 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 51987 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 51988 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 51989 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 51990 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 51991 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 51992 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 51993 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 51994 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 51995 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 51996 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 51997 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 51998 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 51999 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 52000 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 52001 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 52002 5.800 3.729 5.971 5.451 5.863 5.800 52003 5.800 3.739 5.970 5.438 5.857 5.800 52004 5.800 3.724 5.981 5.475 5.863 5.800 52005 5.800 3.724 5.977 5.474 5.845 5.800 52006 5.800 3.712 5.980 5.454 5.842 5.800 52007 5.800 3.701 R5.985 R5.503 R5.862 5.800 R52008P 5.800 3.704 5.990 5.481 5.867 5.800 5

1 Includes lease condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.dSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentati
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Select

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Total Petroleum 1 Consumption by Sector Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Consumption 5

Motor

Gasoline

Consumption 6

Fuel

Ethanol

Residential Commercial 2 

Industrial 2 Transportation 2 Electric Power 3,4 Total 2

1949 5.493 5.858 5.946 5.465 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA 1950 5.482 5.865 5.940 5.461 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA 1955 5.480 5.832 5.867 5.408 6.254 5.591 4.011 5.253 NA 1960 5.430 5.849 5.800 5.388 6.267 5.555 4.011 5.253 NA 1965 5.380 5.837 5.728 5.387 6.267 5.532 4.011 5.253 NA 1970 5.216 5.773 5.603 5.393 6.252 5.503 53.779 5.253 NA 1971 5.212 5.758 5.598 5.389 6.245 5.504 3.772 5.253 NA 1972 5.193 5.733 5.563 5.388 6.233 5.500 3.760 5.253 NA 1973 5.205 5.749 5.569 5.395 6.245 5.515 3.746 5.253 NA 1974 5.196 5.740 5.538 5.394 6.238 5.504 3.730 5.253 NA 1975 5.192 5.704 5.527 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 5.253 NA 1976 5.215 5.726 5.536 5.395 6.251 5.504 3.711 5.253 NA 1977 5.213 5.733 5.554 5.400 6.249 5.518 3.677 5.253 NA 1978 5.213 5.716 5.554 5.404 6.251 5.519 3.669 5.253 NA 1979 5.298 5.769 5.419 5.428 6.258 5.494 3.680 5.253 NA 1980 5.245 5.803 5.374 5.440 6.254 5.479 3.674 5.253 3.539 1981 5.191 5.751 5.312 5.432 6.258 5.448 3.643 5.253 3.539 1982 5.167 5.751 5.263 5.422 6.258 5.415 3.615 5.253 3.539 1983 5.022 5.642 5.275 5.415 6.255 5.406 3.614 5.253 3.539 1984 R5.205 R5.707 R5.222 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 5.253 3.539 1985 5.153 5.661 5.215 5.422 6.247 5.387 3.603 5.253 3.539 1986 5.169 5.694 5.283 5.425 6.257 5.418 3.640 5.253 3.539 1987 5.144 5.661 5.248 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 5.253 3.539 1988 5.165 5.661 5.241 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 5.253 3.539 1989 5.105 5.621 5.234 5.437 36.240 5.410 3.683 5.253 3.539 1990 5.027 5.621 5.270 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 5.253 3.539 1991 4.968 5.599 5.186 5.440 6.246 5.384 3.614 5.253 3.539 1992 5.004 5.589 5.185 5.442 6.238 5.378 3.624 5.253 3.539 1993 4.975 25.580 25.196 25.436 6.230 25.379 3.606 5.253 3.539 1994 4.983 5.592 5.166 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.635 65.230 3.539 1995 4.940 5.554 5.137 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 5.215 3.539 1996 4.869 5.498 5.133 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 5.216 3.539 1997 4.859 5.459 5.138 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 5.213 3.539 1998 4.837 5.446 5.155 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 5.212 3.539 1999 4.761 5.369 5.113 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 5.211 3.539 2000 4.761 5.394 5.082 5.421 6.189 5.326 3.607 5.210 3.539 2001 4.796 5.403 5.164 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 5.210 3.539 2002 4.742 5.364 5.116 5.410 6.173 5.324 3.613 5.208 3.539 2003 4.763 5.407 5.161 5.408 6.182 5.340 3.629 5.207 3.539 2004 4.807 5.434 5.164 5.420 6.192 5.350 3.618 5.215 3.539 2005 4.783 5.427 5.200 5.426 6.188 5.365 3.620 5.218 3.539 2006 R4.742 R5.392 R5.179 R5.431 6.143 5.353 3.605 5.218 3.539 2007 R4.696 R5.350 R5.146 R5.433 R6.151 R5.346 R3.591 5.219 3.539 2008 E4.705 E5.353 E5.129 E5.429 P6.124 P5.339 P3.597 P5.218 3.539 

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. 

Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in each category are calculated by usingheat content values shown in Table A1.

2 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

4 Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,

and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.

5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single

constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. 6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown inTable A1.

7 Corn input to the production of fuel ethanol (million Btu corn 

factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of fu(gallons denatured ethanol per bushel of corn) were 2.5 in 1980other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heFuel ethanol is assumed to have a gross heat content of 3.539 m

8 Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu 

the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of bsoybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and to produce one barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to hpound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to hpound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Note: The heat content values in this table are for gross heat 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Document
368 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Year

Production Consumption 1

Marketed Dry End-Use Sectors Imports 

2 Electric Power Sector 3 Total

1949 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1950 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1955 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1960 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1965 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1970 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1971 1,103 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1972 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1973 1,093 1,021 1,020 1,024 1,021 1,026 1974 1,097 1,024 1,024 1,022 1,024 1,027 1975 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1976 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1977 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1978 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1979 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1980 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1981 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1982 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1983 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1984 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1985 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1986 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1987 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1988 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1989 1,107 1,031 1,031 11,028 1,031 1,004 1990 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1991 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1992 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1993 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1994 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1995 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1996 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1997 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1998 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1999 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 2000 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 2001 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,026 1,028 1,023 2002 1,106 1,027 1,029 1,020 1,027 1,022 2003 1,106 1,031 1,033 1,025 1,031 1,025 2004 1,105 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,025 2005 1,105 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,025 2006 1,103 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 2007 R1,104 1,028 R1,029 R1,027 1,028 1,025 2008 E1,104 E1,028 E1,029 P1,027 E1,028 E1,025 

1 Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. – – = Not applicable. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "HWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentatio
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2008

 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Year

Coal 

Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Consumption

Imports 

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 4,5 Total 3

1949 24.916 NA 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 1950 25.090 NA 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 1955 25.201 NA 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 1960 24.906 NA 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 1965 24.775 NA 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 1970 23.842 NA 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 1971 23.507 NA 23.090 26.784 22.670 22.301 23.124 25.000 1972 23.389 NA 22.998 26.782 22.550 22.204 23.036 25.000 1973 23.376 NA 22.831 26.780 22.586 22.246 23.057 25.000 1974 23.072 NA 22.479 26.778 22.419 21.781 22.677 25.000 1975 22.897 NA 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 1976 22.855 NA 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 1977 22.597 NA 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 1978 22.248 NA 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 1979 22.454 NA 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 1980 22.415 NA 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 1981 22.308 NA 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 1982 22.239 NA 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 1983 22.052 NA 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 1984 22.010 NA 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 1985 21.870 NA 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 1986 21.913 NA 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 1987 21.922 NA 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 1988 21.823 NA 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 1989 21.765 210.391 23.650 26.800 22.347 420.898 21.307 25.000 1990 21.822 9.303 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 1991 21.681 10.758 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 1992 21.682 10.396 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 1993 21.418 10.638 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 1994 21.394 11.097 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 1995 21.326 11.722 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 1996 21.322 12.147 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 1997 21.296 12.158 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 1998 21.418 12.639 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 1999 21.070 12.552 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 2000 21.072 12.360 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 2001 120.772 12.169 24.909 27.426 22.622 20.337 20.671 25.000 2002 20.673 12.165 22.962 27.426 22.562 20.238 20.541 25.000 2003 20.499 12.360 22.242 27.425 22.468 20.082 20.387 25.000 2004 20.424 12.266 22.324 27.426 22.473 19.980 20.290 25.000 2005 20.348 12.093 22.342 26.279 22.178 19.988 20.246 25.000 2006 20.310 12.080 22.066 26.271 22.050 19.931 20.181 25.000 2007 R20.340 R12.090 R22.069 26.329 22.371 R19.909 R20.168 25.000 2008P 20.219 12.348 21.386 26.281 22.348 19.726 19.988 25.000 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants. 4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, t

electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utiliti

5 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminou

coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. SeWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Document
370 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1

 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Year

Approximate Heat Rates 1 for Electricity Net Generation

Fossil-Fueled Plants 2,3 Nuclear Plants 4 Geothermal Energy Plants 5 

1949 15,033 – – – – 1950 14,030 – – – – 1955 11,699 – – – – 1960 10,760 11,629 23,200 1965 10,453 11,804 22,182 1970 10,494 10,977 21,606 1971 10,478 10,837 21,655 1972 10,379 10,792 21,668 1973 10,389 10,903 21,674 1974 10,442 11,161 21,674 1975 10,406 11,013 21,611 1976 10,373 11,047 21,611 1977 10,435 10,769 21,611 1978 10,361 10,941 21,611 1979 10,353 10,879 21,545 1980 10,388 10,908 21,639 1981 10,453 11,030 21,639 1982 10,454 11,073 21,629 1983 10,520 10,905 21,290 1984 10,440 10,843 21,303 1985 10,447 10,622 21,263 1986 10,446 10,579 21,263 1987 10,419 10,442 21,263 1988 10,324 10,602 21,096 1989 10,432 10,583 21,096 1990 10,402 10,582 21,096 1991 10,436 10,484 20,997 1992 10,342 10,471 20,914 1993 10,309 10,504 20,914 1994 10,316 10,452 20,914 1995 10,312 10,507 20,914 1996 10,340 10,503 20,960 1997 10,213 10,494 20,960 1998 10,197 10,491 21,017 1999 10,226 10,450 21,017 2000 10,201 10,429 21,017 2001 210,333 10,448 21,017 2002 10,173 10,439 21,017 2003 10,241 10,421 21,017 2004 10,022 10,427 21,017 2005 9,999 10,435 21,017 2006 9,919 10,434 21,017 2007 R9,884 R10,488 21,017 2008 E9,884 E10,488 E21,017 

1 The values in columns 1-3 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary. 2 Used as the thermal conversion factor for hydro, solar/photovoltaic, and wind electricity net generation

to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as thethermal conversion factor for wood and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.

3 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in

2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and electricity-only independent powerproducers.

4 Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity ne5 Used as the thermal conversion factor for geothermal electricity 6 See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 7 The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is us

electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. – – = Not applicable. Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentatio
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum

and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermalconversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimatedby the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu

per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern TransmissionCorporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. See Butane and Propane.

Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to

the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. SeeCrude Oil Production.Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantitiesimported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreigncountry basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 andconverting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau ofStandards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of PetroleumProducts, 1933.Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 millionBtu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”

Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of M5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard AverFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 

and Propane.

Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, CommEastern Transmission Corporation in the report Cocan Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, Militaryern Transmission Corporation in the report CompEnergy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of histoKerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Minof Mines Standard Average Heating Values of V1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. • 19Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveleum Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constanbarrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually by Econversion factors for all liquefied petroleum g

weighted by the quantities consumed. The compoleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propanbutane (including butylene), butane-propane mixand isobutane. For 1967-1980, quantities consum

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
Reports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantities

consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Table 2.Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu perbarrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Motor Gasoline Consumption. • 1949-1993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Minesthermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, MotorFuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix Vof Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release

of historical and projected statistics. • 1994 forward: EIA calculated nationalannual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor forconventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previousyears. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, “Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated

Gasoline.” See Fuel Ethanol (Blended Into Motor Gasoline).Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced

weighted by the quantities produced.Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btuper barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu

or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for specialnaphthas. See Special Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F. Assumedby EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor fordistillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu perbarrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.

Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu

per barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,

Adopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of Mines ca30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the refenal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Cal

average of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe commercial sector weighted by the estimated commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum producial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Shttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Cthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the electric power sector weighted by the quantpower sector. Data are from Form EIA-906, “Power “Combined Heat and Power Plant Report”; and predePetroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calcuaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantisector. The quantities of petroleum products consumestimated in the State Energy Data Syst

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calcaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe residential sector weighted by the estimated quantial sector. The quantities of petroleum products conare estimated in the State Energy Data Syshttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annuallthermal conversion factors for all petroleum producquantities consumed.Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. the average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the transportation sector weighted by the estimattransportation sector. The quantities of petroleum prportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Daat http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually thermal conversion factors for each petroleum prodquantities exported.

372 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the

thermal conversion factors for each petroleum product imported weighted by thequantities imported.Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from dataprovided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btuper barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (seeAsphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the totalgasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1970.Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weightedby the quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products

Exports.Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product importedweighted by the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.

Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 millionBtu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and firstpublished it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.

Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermmillion Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant co

and first published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Co

Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factoas estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first publAnnual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Conten

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per pound. Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil inp(million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel) as thinputs to the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.4needed to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA algross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 Fuel Ethanol. EIA adopted the thermal conversiobarrel published in “Oxygenate Flexibility for FutWilliam J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at mulated Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implement1991.Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input (million Btu corn per barrel denatured ethanol) as inputs to the production of fuel ethanol. U.S. Deparethanol yields (gallons denatured ethanol per bushel 1998, and 2.68 in 2002; EIA estimated the fuel ethanassumed that corn has a gross heat content of 0.392 

Approximate Heat Content 

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sec

by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumthe quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-EIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant ReporNatural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. dividing the heat content of natural gas con(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportData are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report oSupply and Disposition.”

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
Natural Gas Consumption, Total. • 1949-1962: EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first

published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. • 1963-1979: EIA adopted

the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American Gas Association(AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication. • 1980 forward:Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of natural gasconsumed by the total quantity consumed.Natural Gas Exports. • 1949-1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas exported by the quantity exported. For 1973-1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, NaturalGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Imports. • 1949-1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas imported by the quantity imported. For 1973-1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, NaturalGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.

Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing theheat content of dry natural gas produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) andliquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production) by the total quantityof marketed natural gas produced.

Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of24.800 million Btu per short ton.Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector by thequantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report”; FormEIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant Report”; and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants. Calculated annually by EIAby dividing the heat content of coal consumed by coke plants by the quantity

consumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly CReport—Coke Plants.”Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Cadividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly CReport—Manufacturing Plants.”Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial S

EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed bcial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 199“Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in 2000, data heat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-920Plant Report,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by content of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quCoal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividcoal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “MCoal Imports. • 1949-1963: Calculated annually content of coal imported by the quantity imported. EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to basupply (production and imports) and the heat contenstock change, and consumption).

Approximate Heat Rates fo

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil-Fueled Plants. practice for measuring the thermal conversion rates electricity from hydro, wind, photovoltaic, or soTherefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equrate factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the factor, it is possible to evaluate fossil fuel requsources during periods of interruption, such as drokilowatthour of electricity produced, regardless o3,412 Btu. • 1949-1955: The weighted annual aversteam-electric power plants in the United StateThermal-Electric Plant Construction Cost Expenses—1981 and Steam-Electric Plant ConProduction Expenses—1978. • 1956-1988: The w

374 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the United States, as

published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991,

Table 9. • 1989-2000: Calculated annually by EIA by using heat rate datareported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report” (and predecessor forms); and net generation data reported on Form EIA-759, “Monthly PowerPlant Report.” The computation includes data for all electric utility steamelectric plants using fossil fuels. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA byusing fuel consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA-906, “PowerPlant Report,” and Form EIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant Report.” Thecomputation includes data for all electric utilities and electricity-only independent power producers using fossil fuels.Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal Energy Plants. • 1960-1981: Calculated annually by EIA by weighting the annual average heat rates of operatinggeothermal units by the installed nameplate capacities as reported on Form

FPC-12, “Power System Statement.” • 1982 forwon the basis of an informal survey of relevant plantElectricity Net Generation, Nuclear Plants. • 19dividing the total heat content consumed in nucl(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating unity generation were reported on Form FERC-1, “Utilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form EIA-412, “Utilities”; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the Historical Plant Cost and Annual Production Plants 1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expforward: Calculated annually by EIA by using the 860, “Annual Electric Generator Report” (and pretion reported on Form EIA-906, “Power Plan“Combined Heat and Power Plant Report” 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other Energy Information

Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units,barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerceinvolves other nations, most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S.Government is committed to the transition to the metric system, as stated inthe Metric Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94–168), amended by theOmnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (Public Law 100–418), and

Executive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.

The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate themetric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For

example, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tonsIn the metric system of weights and measures, the nsions of any unit may be derived by combining the such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectivcenti, and milli, meaning, respectively, oneone-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be foThe conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be various physical units commonly used in energy anaare the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barregallons).

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes,

 and Other Physical Conversion Factors
378 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956. dTo convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.

 Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the 

 International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html. Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp. 28 and 29. 

 100 degrees Celsius (oC) a 212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) 

=

 0 degrees Celsius (oC) a Temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)

= d

3.6 megajoules (MJ) a 1 kilowatthour (kWh)

=

4.186 8 joules (J) a 1 calorie (cal)

=

1,055.055 852 62 joules (J) a 1 British thermal unit (Btu)

= c Energy

square centimeters (cm2 6.451 6 ) a 1 square inch (in

= 2

)

square meters (m2 0.092 903 04 ) a 1 square foot (ft

= 2

)

square meters (m2 1 square yard (yd

= 0.836 127 4 ) 2

)

square kilometers (km2 1 square mile (mi

= 2.589 988 ) 2

)

Area 1 acre

= 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

2.54 centimeters (cm) a 1 inch (in)

=

0.304 8 meters (m) a 1 foot (ft)

=

0.914 4 meters (m) a 1 yard (yd)

=

1.609 344 kilometers (km) a Length 1 mile (mi)

=

1 cubic inch (in

= 16.387 06 milliliters (mL) 3

)

1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)

= 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)

1 U.S. gallon (gal)

= 3.785 412 liters (L)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic foot (ft

= 0.028 316 85 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic yard (yd

= 0.764 555 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl)

= 0.158 987 3 )

1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)

= 28.349 52 grams (g)

0.384 647 kilograms uranium (kgU) b 1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) =

0.453 592 37 kilograms (kg) a 1 pound (lb)

=

1 long ton

= 1.016 047 metric tons (t) 

Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb)

= 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17

and C-21.

cubic feet (ft3 128 ) a 1 cord (cd) = 

1.25 shorts tons b Wood 1 cord (cd) = 

1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1 metric ton (t) = 

2,240 pounds (lb) a 1 long ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) a Coal 1 short ton = 

42 U.S. gallons (gal) a Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units 

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST

Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

 10 yocto y -24 10 yotta Y 24

 10 zepto z -21 10 zetta Z 21 10 atto a -18 10 exa E 18 10 femto f -15 10 peta P 15 10 pico p -12 10 tera T 12

 10 nano n -9 10 giga G 9

 10 micro

μ -6 10 mega M 6

 10 milli

m -3 10 kilo k 3

 10 centi c -2 10 hecto h 2 10 deci d -1 10 deka da 1

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Appendix C

Figure C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

Note: Map not to scale.

Web Page: See www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Appendix D

Table D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Population U.S. Gross Domestic Product

United States 1 World

United States

as Share of World

Billion

Nominal Dollars 2

Billion

Chained (2000) Dollars 3

Impli

Million People Percent (2

1949 149.2 NA NA 267.3 1,634.6 1950 152.3 R2,556.0 6.0 293.8 1,777.3 1955 165.9 R2,780.9 6.0 414.8 2,212.8 1960 180.7 R3,041.7 5.9 526.4 2,501.8 1965 194.3 R3,349.3 5.8 719.1 3,191.1 1970 205.1 R3,712.0 5.5 1,038.5 3,771.9 1971 207.7 R3,789.7 5.5 1,127.1 3,898.6 1972 209.9 R3,866.0 5.4 1,238.3 4,105.0 1973 211.9 R3,941.9 5.4 1,382.7 4,341.5 1974 213.9 R4,016.5 5.3 1,500.0 4,319.6 1975 216.0 R4,089.1 5.3 1,638.3 4,311.2 1976 218.0 R4,160.2 5.2 1,825.3 4,540.9 1977 220.2 R4,231.9 5.2 2,030.9 4,750.5 1978 222.6 R4,303.4 5.2 2,294.7 5,015.0 1979 225.1 R4,377.6 5.1 2,563.3 5,173.4 1980 227.2 R4,452.6 5.1 2,789.5 5,161.7 1981 229.5 R4,528.9 5.1 3,128.4 5,291.7 1982 231.7 R4,608.7 5.0 3,255.0 5,189.3 1983 233.8 R4,690.5 5.0 3,536.7 5,423.8 1984 235.8 R4,770.7 R4.9 3,933.2 5,813.6 1985 237.9 R4,852.2 4.9 4,220.3 6,053.7 1986 240.1 R4,935.9 4.9 4,462.8 6,263.6 1987 242.3 R5,022.3 4.8 4,739.5 6,475.1 1988 244.5 R5,109.3 4.8 5,103.8 6,742.7 1989 246.8 R5,196.3 R4.7 5,484.4 6,981.4 1990 249.6 R5,284.5 4.7 5,803.1 7,112.5 1991 253.0 R5,368.1 4.7 5,995.9 7,100.5 1992 256.5 R5,451.8 4.7 6,337.7 7,336.6 1993 259.9 R5,533.9 4.7 6,657.4 7,532.7 1994 263.1 R5,614.8 4.7 7,072.2 7,835.5 1995 266.3 R5,696.5 4.7 7,397.7 8,031.7 1996 269.4 R5,777.6 4.7 7,816.9 8,328.9 1997 272.6 R5,857.8 4.7 8,304.3 8,703.5 1998 275.9 R5,937.0 R4.6 8,747.0 9,066.9 1999 279.0 R6,015.1 R4.6 9,268.4 9,470.3 2000 282.2 R6,092.4 4.6 9,817.0 9,817.0 2001 R285.0 R6,169.8 4.6 10,128.0 9,890.7 2002 R287.7 R6,246.2 4.6 10,469.6 10,048.8 2003 R290.2 R6,322.2 4.6 10,960.8 10,301.0 2004 R292.9 R6,399.1 4.6 11,685.9 10,675.8 2005 R295.6 R6,476.5 4.6 R12,421.9 R10,989.5 2006 R298.4 R6,554.2 4.6 R13,178.4 R11,294.8 2007 R301.3 R6,632.2 R4.5 R13,807.5 R11,523.9 2008 304.1 6,710.9 4.5 14,264.6 11,652.0 

1 Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 4 The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2000)

dollars.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_d.html.

• For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.doc.gov/.

Sources: U.S. Population: • 1949-1989—Department of Commerce (DO

Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, June 2000. • 1990-1999—DCensus, State Population Estimates, April 11, 2002. • 2000 forward—DOC, U.SState Population Estimates, December 22, 2008. World Population: • 1950 forwof the Census, International Database (December 15, 2008). U.S. Gross Domforward—DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product AccTables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Table E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-194

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Wood Total 1

1635 NA – – – – NA – – (s) (s) 1645 NA – – – – NA – – 0.001 0.001 1655 NA – – – – NA – – .002 .002 1665 NA – – – – NA – – .005 .005 1675 NA – – – – NA – – .007 .007 1685 NA – – – – NA – – .009 .009 1695 NA – – – – NA – – .014 .014 1705 NA – – – – NA – – .022 .022 1715 NA – – – – NA – – .037 .037 1725 NA – – – – NA – – .056 .056 1735 NA – – – – NA – – .080 .080 1745 NA – – – – NA – – .112 .112 1755 NA – – – – NA – – .155 .155 1765 NA – – – – NA – – .200 .200 1775 NA – – – – NA – – .249 .249 1785 NA – – – – NA – – .310 .310 1795 NA – – – – NA – – .402 .402 1805 NA – – – – NA – – .537 .537 1815 NA – – – – NA – – .714 .714 1825 NA – – – – NA – – .960 .960 1835 NA – – – – NA – – 1.305 1.305 1845 NA – – – – NA – – 1.757 1.757 1850 0.219 – – – – 0.219 – – 2.138 2.138 1855 .421 – – – – .421 – – 2.389 2.389 1860 .518 – – 0.003 .521 – – 2.641 2.641 1865 .632 – – .010 .642 – – 2.767 2.767 1870 1.048 – – .011 1.059 – – 2.893 2.893 1875 1.440 – – .011 1.451 – – 2.872 2.872 1880 2.054 – – .096 2.150 – – 2.851 2.851 1885 2.840 0.082 .040 2.962 – – 2.683 2.683 1890 4.062 .257 .156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 1895 4.950 .147 .168 5.265 .090 2.306 2.396 1900 6.841 .252 .229 7.322 .250 2.015 2.265 1905 10.001 .372 .610 10.983 .386 1.843 2.229 1910 12.714 .540 1.007 14.261 .539 1.765 2.304 1915 13.294 .673 1.418 15.385 .659 1.688 2.347 1920 15.504 .813 2.676 18.993 .738 1.610 2.348 1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 .668 1.533 2.201 1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 .752 1.455 2.207 1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 .806 1.397 2.203 1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 .880 1.358 2.238 1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 11.261 2.703 

1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for

fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1).

NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available. • See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation

of these data series from 1949 forward. • See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," atend of section.

Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.

Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:

• 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States

1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood con

converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu pedecade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the increase during any given decade and the average annual vayearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of tare plotted at 10-year intervals. • 1850-1945: Energy in the AElectricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 185difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroekilowatthour.

Appendix E
Appendix E

Note: Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presentsestimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins acentury and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union andcontinues through the decades during which the United States was still expandingterritorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption”of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist orconsisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia? The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sourcesof those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. Formost energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates ormeasurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to followsettlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that weresettled enough to have economically significant consumption even though thoseareas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well

as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become 

the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the contthough the last of the 48 States to achieve statehoLikewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but isuch as Utah and Washington (State), which weregions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: State-level historical coal consumption. The coal da1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., productio

The geographic coverage for coal was therefore baseStates listed in various historical issues of Minerals was consumed in States where it was not mined in sigBy energy source, the extent of coverage can be summ

coal-producing States by 1885. • Natural Gas—

District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Petrole

the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, bStates and the District of Columbia. Coverage for contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. • W

and the District of Columbia by 1810.

386 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are

composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.

Alternative Fuel: As defined pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 1992

(EPACT), methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols, separately or in

mixtures of 85 percent by volume or more (or other percentage not less than 70 asdetermined by DOE rule) with motor gasoline or other fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gases (LPG),hydrogen, coal-derived liquid fuels, fuels other than alcohols derived frombiological materials, electricity, or any other fuel determined to be substantially not

petroleum and yielding substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits.Alternative-Fueled Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle either designed and manufacturedby an original equipment manufacturer or a converted vehicle designed to operate ineither dual-fuel, flexible-fuel, or dedicated modes on fuels other than motor gasoline or diesel fuel. This does not include a conventional vehicle that is limited to

operation on blended or reformulated motor gasoline fuels.

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as

hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage ofvolatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is lessthan 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btuper short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthraciteconsumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steamelectric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btuper short ton or less. See Coal Rank. Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,

consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sizedcoal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heatvalue ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity. Theterm is used in the context of global climate change to refer to gaseous emissions

that are the result of human activities, as well as 

activities, such as deforestation.

API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade asAPI Gravity: American Petroleum Institute meaoil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale ex

liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale 

API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (131.5.Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like mateessing and containing bitumens as the predominaroad construction. It includes crude asphalt as weucts: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of empetroleum distillates blended with asphalt to mconversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per sho

ASTM: The American Society for Testing and MaAviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

ing or compounding into finished aviation gaso

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene)

ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxyghydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixturbons with or without small quantities of additivefor use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel speSpecification D910 and Military Specification MIing components are not counted in data on finished 

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of inpprocess under usual operating conditions. The acapacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the mall units at the facility under continuous operation tations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 

Glossary
downstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that

are distributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinery’s normaloperation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types andgrades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraintsassociated with refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduleddowntime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, andturnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to

such conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.

Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintainadequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability ratesthroughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas

volume.

Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils;animal fats; and recycled grease. It can serve as a substitute for petroleumderived diesel fuel or distillate fuel oil. For Energy Information Administration

reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acidsderived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting therequirements of ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass (plant)

feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the

term “biogenic” to refer only to organic nonfossil material of biological origin.Biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable

energy source. See Biodiesel, Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Woodand Wood-Derived Fuels.Biomass Waste: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin that is abyproduct or a discarded product. “Biomass waste” includes municipal solidwaste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop

byproducts, straw, and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes

wood and wood-derived fuels (including black liquor), biofuels feedstock,biodiesel, and fuel ethanol. Note: EIA “biomass waste” data also includeenergy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not

normally constitute waste.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often

with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel insteam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat

and power applications in manufacturing and mak

the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining rusually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 21 to 30 million Btu per short ton on a moist, m

heat content of bituminous coal consumed in thmillion Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis 

moisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.

Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spedigesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. "black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnacertain basic chemicals.

Breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usu

1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most ofteprocess of agglomerating iron ore.British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat ture of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenhwater has its greatest density (approximately 39 d

Content.

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting enmeasurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu cused to convert energy data from physical units of mfeet, or short tons) into the energy-equivalhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html foconversion factors.)Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircrafconsisting primarily of residual fuel oil and dis

kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term “inter

to denote the consumption of fuel for international the purposes of greenhouse gas emissions invento

combustion of international bunker fuels are subtra

totals. Historically, bunker fuels have meant only sh

Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or b

(C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

and normal butane and is designated in ASTM S

Processors Association Specifications for commerc

388 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It

is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is acolorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.

Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from refinery processes.

Capacity: See Generator Capacity.

Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.

Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas (CO2) that is a normal

part of Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as

well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infraredenergy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to thepotential for global warming. The global warming potential (GWP) of othergreenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1).Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbon dioxide by weight emittedinto the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as agiven weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents arecomputed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example, methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane). “Carbonequivalent units” are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied by the carboncontent of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those that

have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of thedollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Prior to 1996,real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the weights of goodsand services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department ofCommerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The new measure is based on theaverage weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years. It is “chained”because the second year in each pair, with its weights, becomes the first year of the nextpair. The advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is more closelyrelated to any given period covered and is therefore subject to less distortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon,hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are now thought to be

harmful to the Earth’s atmosphere. 

City Gate: A point or measuring station at which gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transm

Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forespecially to significant change from one prevailiIn some cases, “climate change” has been used synwarming”; scientists, however, tend to use the tnatural changes in climate as well as climatic cooliCoal: A readily combustible black or brownishincluding inherent moisture, consists of more than than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous mremains that have been compacted, hardened, cphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. Se

Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.Coal Rank: The classification of coals accordin

alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous co

fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and aggloCoal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in stora

Note: When coal data are collected for a particular or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has b

plant; and coal-based fuels such as briquettes, formed from fresh or recycled coal and binding maCoal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the checoal synfuel.Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue deriveminous coal from which the volatile constituentoven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Faand residual ash are fused together. Coke is used asmelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from chas a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short t

Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon conthe final product of thermal decomposition in the This product is reported as marketable coke or c

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
barrels (of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. Coke from petroleum has a heating value of 6.024 million Btu per barrel. 

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant designed to produce both heat

and electricity from a single heat source. Note: This term is being used in place of the

term “cogenerator” that was used by EIA in the past. CHP better describes the facilitiesbecause some of the plants included do not produce heat and power in a sequentialfashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in thePublic Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA). See Electricity-Only Plant.

Commercial Building: A building with more than 50 percent of its floorspace used

for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to,stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals, clinics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings are included, except buildings onmilitary bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of serviceproviding facilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and localgovernments; and other private and public organizations, such as religious,social, or fraternal groups. The commercial sector includes institutional livingquarters. It also includes sewage treatment facilities. Common uses of energyassociated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or

useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the above-mentionedcommercial establishments. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—for

more information see

http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil or natural gas. If a

well is equipped to produce only crude oil or natural gas from one zone or reservoir, the definition of a “well” (classified as a crude oil well or natural gas well)

and the definition of a “completion” are identical. However, if a well is equippedto produce crude oil and/or natural gas separately from more than one reservoir, a“well” is not synonymous with a “completion.”Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas compressed to a volume anddensity that is practical as a portable fuel supply (even when compressed, naturalgas is not a liquid).Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional.

Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasolin

Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data betand another (such as between short tons and Briti

barrels and gallons). (See http://www.eia.doe.govhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for sion factors.) See Btu Conversion Factor and Therma

Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental 

power plants used to transfer heat, produced by buCooling towers are installed where there is insufficiwhere waste heat discharged into cooling water would Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be h

regulated under the Environmental Protection AgenAir Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the describe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutanin the regulatory regime.Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists i

ground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospthrough surface separating facilities. Depending ucrude stream, it may also include: 1) small amounts gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs pressure after being recovered from oil well (casinand are subsequently commingled with the crude stmeasured. Lease condensate recovered as a liquilease or field separation facilities and later mixed included; 2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons psulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases, and lfrom tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Lprocessing plants are excluded. Crude oil is refinepetroleum products, including heating oils; gasolin

cants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and 

their energy or chemical content.

Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The 

reported by the company that owns the crude oil the flease boundary.Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at ing charges associated with purchasing, transportinthe purchase point to the port of discharge. The c

390 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and

demurrage). Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and other fees. The composite cost is the weighted average ofdomestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acquisition cost does not

include the cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.

Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, inpetroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by petroleum pipelines

and on crude oil leases.Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from one ormore crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and natural gasare classified as crude oil wells.Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natural gas contained at standard

temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard persquare inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree-daysover a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 1971–2000). The averages maybe simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm a location is over aperiod of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the basetemperature (65 degrees) from the average of the day’s high and lowtemperatures, with negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s cooling degreedays are summed to create a cooling degree-day measure for a specified referenceperiod. Cooling degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of air

conditioning energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a location is over a period oftime relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees Fahrenheit.The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the average of the day’s high andlow temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with negative values set equalto zero. Each day’s heating degree-days are summed to create a heating degree-daymeasure for a specified reference period. Heating degree-days are used in energyanalysis as an indicator of space heating energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating o

by the population of the area in which the degree

State population-weighted degree-days, each Stnine climatically homogeneous divisions, which the ratio of the population of the division to thDegree-day readings for each division are multiplation weight for each division and those producthe State population-weighted degree-day figure. weighted degree-days, the Nation is divided icomprising from three to eight States, which are ratio of the population of the region to the total pday readings for each region are multiplied bweight for each region and those products are 

national population-weighted degree-day figure.

Demand-Side Management: The planning, imelectric utility activities designed to encourage electricity usage, including the timing and level of 

Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collectivmeasured and indicated resource categories of relof the in-place coal in those categories as of a certanous coal and anthracite 28 or more inches thick 

60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths obeds of lignite 60 or more inches thick that can 

thinner and/or deeper beds that currently are beevidence that they could be mined commercially portion of the identified coal resource from which r

Development Well: A well drilled within the prov

gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oi

operation or blends of such distillate fuel oils wit

vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity argasoline.Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-genesame entity that consumes the power or an affiliatof a service or industrial process located within th

ties that house the generating equipment. Direct usDistillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for 

produced in conventional distillation operations. 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highway

diesel engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, as well as off-highwayengines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Productsknown as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating and

electricity generation.

Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processescrude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and a fractionation tower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in the

crude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuouslyvaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling point material. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties

of the crude oil, and the product specifications.

District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as an energy source

in a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and is piped intothe building. District heat may be purchased from a utility or provided by a physicalplant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (for example, a hospitalcomplex or university).Dry Hole: An exploratory well or development well found to be incapable ofproducing either crude oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as a crude oil well or natural gas well.

Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry) Production.

Electric Energy: The ability of an electric current to produce work, heat, light, or

other forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthours.

Electric Non-Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or sells electricity, or

sells or trades electricity services and products, where costs are not establishedand recovered by regulatory authority. Examples of these entities include, but arenot limited to, independent power producers, power marketers and aggregators

(both wholesale and retail), merchant transmission service providers, selfgeneration entities, and cogeneration firms with Qualifying Facility Status. See

Electric Utility. 

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and

auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into

electric energy.

Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sectonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plan

American Industry Classification System) 22 categorsell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. N

tric utilities and independent power producers. See Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmit

recovers the cost of its generation, transmissiooperations, either directly or indirectly, through cosregulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Cogovernmental unit or the consumers that the entity serinclude: investor-owned entities, public power dismunicipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and State utilities may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs cand/or market-based rates under the authority of the tric Non-Utility.

Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of transmission, and distribution of electricity, including pElectricity: A form of energy characterized by the ptary charged particles generated by friction, inductionElectricity Generation: The process of producing of electric energy produced by transforming other expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawattho

Generation, Gross and Electricity Generation, NetElectricity Generation, Gross: The total amount o

generating units and measured at the generating termElectricity Generation, Net: The amount of gros

station use (the electric energy consumed at the gservice or auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required f

pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for from gross generation.Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity other energy service providers to customers purchuse and not for resale.Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to pCombined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.

392 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere. In the context of

global climate change, they consist of radiatively important greenhouse gases

(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion).

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation

sectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors. Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work(potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energyhas several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be changed to anotherform useful for work. Most of the world’s convertible energy comes from fossil fuelsthat are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to mechanical orother means in order to accomplish tasks. Electric energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in British thermal units.Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as aninput in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent directly by consumers to purchaseenergy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer times theprice per unit paid by the consumer.Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides service to a retail or enduse customer.Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomenon that can be consumed ortransformed to supply heat or power. Examples include petroleum, coal, natural

gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geothermal, sunlight (solar energy),

water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming components ofU.S. society developed to measure and analyze energy use. The sectors mostcommonly referred to in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.

Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C2H6). It is a colorless,

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It isextracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams.Ether: The family name applied to a group of organic chemical compounds composedof carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and which are characterized by an oxygen atomattached to two carbon atoms (for example, methyl tertiary butyl ether).

Ethanol (CH3-CH2OH): A clear, colorless, flam

Ethanol is typically produced chemically from 

fermentation of various sugars from carbohydratecellulosic residues from crops or wood. It is used octane enhancer and oxygenate (blended up to 10 can also be used in high concentrations (E85) in vAlcohol and Fuel Ethanol. Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorlescarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed b

isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.

Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered f

chemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petroc

chemical applications and the production of consumEurasia: The physical land mass containing the For Energy Information Administration reporting, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, LatvTajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and UzbekistanExploratory Well: A well drilled to find and proan area previously considered unproductive, to find (i.e., one previously producing crude oil or naturaextend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 bia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of na

natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, prprocessing plants.Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predeAdministration. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERjurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, whollicensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipelin

certification. FERC is an independent regulatory Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power C

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created byan Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It wascharged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. Itwas abolished on September 30, 1977, when the Department of Energy was created.Its functions were divided between the Department of Energy and the FederalEnergy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.Financial Reporting System (FRS): The Energy Information Administration’sstatutory requirement to identify major energy-producing companies and develop

and implement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating information from these companies. Companies are selected if they are within the top 50publicly-owned U.S. crude oil producers that have at least 1 percent of eitherproduction or reserves of crude oil, natural gas, coal, or uranium in the United

States, or 1 percent of either refining capacity or petroleum product sales in the

United States.Finished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Finished.

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price.

First Use: Manufacturing establishments’ consumption of the energy that was

originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy.Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 throughSeptember 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends;e.g., fiscal year 2002 began on October 1, 2001, and ended on September 30, 2002.

Flared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared. F.O.B.: See Free on Board.

Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for anyspecified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of allwells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and (3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrackwells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells does not include footage inthe common bore, which is reported as footage for the original well. In the case of

old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below thetotal depth of the old well.Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).

Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capitany future production of uranium from in-place re

labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxadministrative costs that are dependent upon the quapplicable as variable costs of production. Excluded expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisitioment, and mill construction, as well as income taxesNote: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserve

differing geological settings can be aggregated anamount that can theoretically be extracted to recover oxide production under the listed forward cost catego

Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earthmaterial, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An elec

prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure heat from burning fossil fuels.Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydnatural gas and separated into distinct parts, or 

butane, and ethane.Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of exportation, generally including the purchase price pling the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in whiavailable for pick up at a specified port or terminal at pays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.

Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The fre

point of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and Fuel Ethanol (C2H5OH): An anhydrous alcohol (eth

intended for gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.

Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear gen

its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes coGasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline contanol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration betwby volume. See Oxygenates. 

394 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Generating Unit: Any combination of physically connected generators, reactors,

boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime movers operated together to produceelectric power.Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electric energy.

Generator Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in megawatts(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, adjusted for ambientconditions. See Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity and Generator Net

Summer Capacity. Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electric energy produced by a

generating unit for a given period of time to the electric energy that could havebeen produced at continuous full-power operation during the same period.Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: The maximum rated output of agenerator, prime mover, or other electric power production equipment underspecific conditions designated by the manufacturer. Installed generator nameplatecapacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (MW) and is usually indicated on anameplate physically attached to the generator.Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed inmegawatts (MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summer peak demand (period of June 1through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to electricityuse for station service or auxiliaries.Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs in

the Earth’s crust and used for geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricitygeneration.

Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface temperature of the Earth. Global

warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences, but theterm is today most often used to refer to the warming some scientists predict willoccur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. See

Climate Change.

Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that

would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that fromthe emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time, such as 100

years.

Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 

sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (to long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave Earth’s atmosphere. The net effect is a trappintendency to warm the planet’s surface.Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total valuby labor and property located in the United States. 

are located in the United States, the supplier (that the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residenGross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price convert nominal prices to real prices. See Chaine

Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity GGross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross WiGross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillat

pheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crud

gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refliquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gils

Heat Content: The amount of heat energy availa

mation or use of a specified physical unit of an e

coal, a barrel of crude oil, a kilowatthour of ele

gas, or a pound of steam). The amount of heat eBritish thermal units (Btu). Note: Heat content 

be expressed in terms of either gross heat content net heat content (lower heating value), depending heat energy includes or excludes the energy used toriginal energy form or created during the combusmation Administration typically uses gross heat coHeat Rate: A measure of generating station thermBtu per kilowatthour. Note: Heat rates can be 

heat rates, depending whether the electricity outpurates are typically expressed as net heat rates.Household: A family, an individual, or a group occupying the same housing unit. “Occupy” mperson’s usual or permanent place of residence.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it is

either occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family, anindividual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quartersmeans the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in the house orapartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildings or through acommon hall—that is, they can get to it without going through someone else’sliving quarters. Housing units do not include group quarters such as prisons or nursing homes where ten or more unrelated persons live. A common dining area used byresidents is an indication of group quarters. Hotel and motel rooms are consideredhousing units if occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence.Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in thegaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structure of hydrocarbon compoundsvaries from the simplest (methane, a constituent of natural gas) to the very heavy

and very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from the kinetic energy of

falling water. See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional and HydroelectricPumped Storage.

Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelectric power generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.

Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric power that is generated duringpeak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do so.When additional generating capacity is needed, the water can be released from thereservoir through a conduit to turbine generators located in an electric power

plant at a lower level.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of oneor two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hydrogen and fluorine atoms. Most

HFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in the thousands.Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combinationwith oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and otherhydrocarbons.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert nominal

prices to real prices.Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the District of Columbia fromU.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countries.

Independent Power Producer: A corporation, perslegal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates electricity for use primarily by the public, and that ipendent power producers are included in the electric Indicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estim

and quantity are based partly on sample analyses anreasonable geologic projections. Indicated resourcspecified measurements and partly from projection odistance on the basis of geologic evidence. The poinmiles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend amore than 1⁄4 mile from the outcrop or points of obserIndustrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector thequipment used for producing, processing, or assemsector encompasses the following types of activity: 

31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAing oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and cOverall energy use in this sector is largely for procesing machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inNote: This sector includes generators that produce 

mal output primarily to support the above-mentioneEIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guidefor

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Isobutane: See Butane. 

Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered fr

chemical processes.Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarb

of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal penta

Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet a

Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based prodtion temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10final maximum boiling point of 572 degrees FaSpecification 1655 and Military Specifications MIL(Grades JP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial an

prop aircraft engines.

396 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range, with an

average gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperature of290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L(Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraftengines because it has a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meetsengine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves,

and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wick-fedlamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit

at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, anda minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are No. 1-K and No.2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification D3699 as well as all othergrades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to thoseof No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.

Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.

Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as a unit of work or

energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) of power expended for 1 hour.

One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.

Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.

Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations (such

as natural gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plants.Lease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons which is recovered as a liquid from natural gas in lease separation facilities.

This category excludes natural gas plant liquids, such as butane and propane,which are recovered at downstream natural gas processing plants or facilities. Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost

exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is brownish-black and has

a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat contentof lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent

moisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been

liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of h

from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionat

ene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butyl

For convenience of transportation, these gases are Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied pe

refinery or still gases. Through compression and/in the liquid state. The reported categories are et

ene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Exc

Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.Low-Power Testing: The period of time between 

fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (level of operation during that period is 5 percent of Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction b

porated into other materials used as processing products, or used as carriers of other materialsproduced either from distillates or residues. Lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and thoManufacturing: An energy-consuming subsectconsists of all facilities and equipment engaged in cal, or electronic transformation of materials, subproducts. Assembly of component parts of prodwhich is included in construction.Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See NaturMeasured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for 

quality, and quantity have been computed, within percent, from sample analyses and measurements cally well known sample sites. Measured resourcerevealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and tion and measurement are so closely spaced and the so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accthe spacing of the point of observation necessary to differs from region to region, according to the charaobservation are no greater than 1⁄2 mile apart. Meaas a belt 1⁄4 mile wide from the outcrop or points of Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydr

major component of natural gas. It is also an impo

ous industrial processes.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for motor gasoline

blending. See Oxygenates.

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ether, (CH3)3COCH3, intended for

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates. Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromaticextracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, syntheticnatural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor gasoline blendingcomponents and oxygenates as required, to produce finished motor gasoline.Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor gasoline blendingcomponents or oxygenates, resulting in increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g., conventional motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce oxygenated motor gasoline).Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas (e.g., straight-run gasoline,

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used for blending or compounding intofinished motor gasoline. These components include reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers),butane, and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygenates are reported as individual componentsand are included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.

Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline not included in theoxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline categories. Note: This categoryexcludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as wellas other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can be leaded or unleaded;regular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor Gasoline Grades.Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitablefor use in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification D-4814or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point to 365 to 374degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point. “Motor gasoline” includesconventional motor gasoline, all types of oxygenated motor gasoline including

gasohol, and reformulated motor gasoline, but excludes aviation gasoline. Note:Volumetric data on motor gasoline blending components, as well as oxygenates,

are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending components

are blended into the gasoline.

Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gatype of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, an

unleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, m

Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accord

the time of sale. In general, automotive octane requitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United StatesStates, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades mlower.

Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antikgreater than or equal to 85 and less than 88. Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less thPremium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antikgreater than 90.

Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasmotor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 perequired by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agedesignated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattated gasoline excludes oxygenated fuels program rand reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenatgasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by winside CO nonattainment areas are included in data data on gasohol (for use outside of nonattainment conventional gasoline.Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor motor vehicles, the composition and properties of wthe reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean produced to meet or exceed emissions performance of federal-program reformulated gasoline even thouall of the composition requirements (e.g. oxygen reformulated gasoline. Note: This category includ

reformulated gasoline (OPRG). Reformulated gablendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) and g(GTAB).MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.NAICS: See North American Industry Classificati

398 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an approximate

boiling range between 122 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane,

used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in buildings, andas raw material input and fuel for industrial processes. Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1) the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or

plant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have been

removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable.Note: Dry natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The parameters

for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds persquare inch absolute.Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural

gas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at theproduction (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes used at the productionsite include 1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; and 2) vented natural gas and flared natural

gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., water vapor,carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gasstream; and 2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate and natural

gas plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs arenot considered part of production. Dry natural gas production equals natural gas

marketed production less extraction loss.Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants.Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream volume of produced natural

gas, excluding lease condensate separated at the lease.Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated from the gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation,adsorption, or other methods in gas processing or cycling plants. Generally suchliquids consist of propane and heavier hydrocarbons and are commonly referred

to as lease condensate, natural gasoline, and liquefied petroleum gases. Natural

gas liquids include natural gas plant liquids (primarily ethane, propane,

butane, and isobutane) and lease condensate (primarily pentanes produced from

natural gas at lease separators and field facilities).

Natural Gas Marketed Production: Naturaproduction reservoirs, less gas used for reservoigases removed in treating or processing operation

ral gas and flared natural gas. Includes all quanand processing operations.Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduias valves, compressor stations, communications 

porting natural gas and/or supplemental gas

another, usually from a point in or beyond the prto another pipeline or to points of utilization. Alsuch facilities.Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hyare separated as liquids at natural gas processing plants, and, in some instances, field facilities. 

Products obtained include ethane; liquefied 

butanes, propane-butane mixtures, ethane-propother small quantities of finished products, such a

thas, jet fuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Se

Natural Gas Processing Plant: A surface instarecover natural gas liquids from a stream of pr

processes of condensation, absorption, refrigeracontrol the quality of natural gas marketed or retpressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into 

processing plants.Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the pro

or more natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells progas are classified as crude oil wells.)Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural g

reported value at the wellhead by the total quanappropriate agencies of individual producing Statment Service. The price includes all costs prior to ing gathering and compression costs, in addition and similar charges.Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbon

extracted from natural gas that meets vapor presscations for natural gasoline set by the Gas Pr

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.

NERC: See North American Electric Reliability Council.

Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Net.

Net Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summer Capacity. 

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally between Kuwait and SaudiArabia under a 1992 agreement. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced by the

burning of fossil fuels.

Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominal price.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service at the time of the transaction. Nominal prices are those that have not been adjusted to remove the effect ofchanges in the purchasing power of the dollar; they reflect buying power in the yearin which the transaction occurred.Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin that is a byproduct or a

discarded product. “Non-biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste from nonbiogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.Noncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or more peak loads on individualsystems that do not occur in the same time interval. Meaningful only in the contextof loads within a limited period of time, such as day, week, month, a heating orcooling season, and usually for not more than 1 year.Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen. 

Normal Butane: See Butane. 

North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC): A council formed in 1968

by the electric utility industry to promote the reliability and adequacy of bulkpower supply in the electric utility systems of North America. NERC consists ofregional reliability councils and encompasses essentially all the power regions of thecontiguous United States, Canada, and Mexico. See the various NERC RegionalReliability Councils at:http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/fig02.html.

North American Industry Classification System scheme, developed by the Office of Management andard Industrial Classification (SIC) System, that cateing to the types of production processes they primarilNuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricthermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuNuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or mproduced in one or more reactors by the fissioning oone or more steam turbines.Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nucleainitiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific r(fissionable material), moderating material to controwalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, a system to conduct heat away from the reactor, and and controlling the reactor's systems.OECD: See Organization for Economic CooperatiOffshore: That geographic area that lies seaward o

coastline is the line of ordinary low water along witis in direct contact with the open sea or the line inland water. If a State agency uses a different basoffshore areas, the State classification is used (e.g., 

fied as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined fied by subsequent adjudication).

Oil: See Crude Oil.OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Export

Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a nu

completed low-power testing and is in possession of issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in one ries at the beginning of a given year: in operation; nactive repair, but capable of being placed into operaoperation, but under active repair that could be complOperating Income: Operating revenues less operatinother revenue and expense, such as equity in earnin

400 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, and

cumulative effect of accounting changes.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping governments tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership comprises about 30member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach. Fordetails about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad Conference on

September 10–14, 1960. Current members (with years of membership) include

Algeria (1969–present), Angola (2007–present), Ecuador (1973–1992 and2007–present), Iran (1960–present), Iraq (1960–present), Kuwait (1960–present),Libya (1962–present), Nigeria (1971–present), Qatar (1961–present), Saudi Arabia(1960–present), United Arab Emirates (1967–present), and Venezuela(1960–present). Countries no longer members of OPEC include Gabon

(1975–1994) and Indonesia (1962–2008).Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to motor gasoline, increase the

amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and methanol are common oxygenates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally in thestratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and amajor component of photochemical smog.PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were originally instituted for

economic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW)

Districts, which were established in 1942.

Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustiongases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectorsinclude electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones, fabric filters[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.

Peak Kilowatt: thousand peak watts.

Peak Watt: A manufacturer's unit indicating the 

cell or module will produce at standard test cond

square meter and 25 degrees Celsius). Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostfrom natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gas

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-madtwo carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, cno commercial uses and are emitted as a byproducconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 1

tials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.

Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks 

pally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic ruPetroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hyd

crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, ref

processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liq

petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon codetergents, after they have been blended into the prPetroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.

Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplie

Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerother U.S. territories and possessions. Included Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bconsumption, offshore bunker use, and military foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and Foreign Trade Zones.Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipeand petroleum products, respectively (including 

company pipelines), within the 50 States and the D

Petroleum Products: Petroleum products are ocrude oil (including lease condensate), natura

compounds. Petroleum products include unfini

gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor 

kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum

coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleum products, quantities that

are held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and at bulk terminals that have a

capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by product retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point of consumption,are excluded. Stocks of individual products held at gas processing plants areexcluded from individual product estimates but are included in other oil estimates andtotal.Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated from sunlight throughsolid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving parts.Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of interconnected photovoltaic cellsdesigned to deliver a selected level of working voltage and current at its outputterminals, packaged for protection against environmental degradation, and suited forincorporation in photovoltaic power systems.Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in

compressors.Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavier

hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.

Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical

energy balance, before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms ofenergy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic gas, which can be

converted to electricity; in this example, coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is

secondary energy, and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy Production and Primary Energy Consumption.

Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The Energy Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production:

coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and lease

condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry naturalgas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—production; nuclear electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional

hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heatrate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal

plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct useenergy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btuusing the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind

electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biom

biofuels feedstock.Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption o

sources that are produced from other energy socoal—are included in primary energy consumption onot already been included as part of the original enerenergy consumption does include net imports of coproduced from domestic coal.) The Energy Informatifollowing in U.S. primary energy consumption: coaimports; petroleum consumption (petroleum produ

ral gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel)

supplemental gaseous fuels—consumption; nuclea(converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate)ity net generation (converted to Btu using the fgeothermal electricity net generation (converted to B

heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net genethe fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal d

ity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-

and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass wa

and biodiesel consumption; losses and co-products frnol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converheat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour).Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water whdrives an electric generator; or, for reporting pur

energy to electricity directly. 

Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acquisiti

tion of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes 

lease and plant operations, natural gas pipeline ope

tions.Processing Gain: The volumetric amount by whiinput for a given period of time. This difference is doil into petroleum products which, in total, have a 

crude oil processed.Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by which tinput for a given period of time. This difference is doil into petroleum products which, in total, have a hcrude oil processed.

402 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products from

primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas processing plants, blending plants,

pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of each product in anygiven period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery production, plusimports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PADDistrict basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, andminus exports.Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extractedfrom natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated inASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications forcommercial propane and HD-5 propane.Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered from refinery processes or

petrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated quantities of all liquids defined ascrude oil that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonablecertainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existingeconomic and operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volumes of lease condensate expected

to be recovered in future years in conjunction with the production of provedreserves of natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas thatanalysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certaintyto be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economicand operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids

(including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable in the future from proved natural gas reserves, under existing economic and

operating conditions.Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in thepurchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant dollars,usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. See Chained Dollars.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Cru

Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw matericomponents processed at refineries, or blended at re

nals to produce finished petroleum products. Inclu

natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarbon oxygenates. Also included are net inputs of unfinis

components, and aviation gasoline blending comlated as gross inputs minus gross production. Ninputs are less than gross production. Examplereformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate refineries for shipment to blending terminals, anadded to inventory in advance of scheduled mai

distillation unit.

Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquef

petroleum products produced at a refinery or p

ing facility. Net production equals gross productive net production indicates gross production finished petroleum product. Examples of negativsification of one finished product to another fini

of a finished product to unfinished oils or blendin

Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manuf

ucts from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas 

alcohol.Reformulated Motor Gasoline: See Motor GasoRefuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recov

It may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, re

operation. Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a r

by that process. The resulting product has been clof noncombustible materials.Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sourcble (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in of energy include conventional hydroelectric p

and biomass.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel that is methanol, ethanol, or

other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases, hydrogen, coal-derivedliquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from solar energy), ethers, biodiesel,

or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determines, by rule, is substantially notpetroleum and would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantialenvironmental benefits.Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil or natural gas formations to

effect greater ultimate recovery. Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters

for private households. Common uses of energy associated with this sector includespace heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and

running a variety of other appliances. The residential sector excludes institutionalliving quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—for furtherexplanation see http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm.See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, thatremain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled awayin refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications D396 and D975 andFederal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity,is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification MIL-F859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used in steampowered vessels in government service and inshore electric power plants. No. 6

fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for electricity generation, space

heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.

Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil, used as a

dust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally

produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.

Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tubeattached to a bit for boring holes through rock.Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royaltycontract.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.

Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation and convertit to thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a frame, glazing,

and an absorber, together with appropriate insulati

solar thermal collector may be used immediately or sttors are used for space heating, domestic hot water hpools, hot tubs, or spas.Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.Space Heating: The use of energy to generate hea

using space-heating equipment. The equipment couequipment or secondary space-heating equipment. Ienergy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisiooff heat as a byproduct.Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum produc

range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or refined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas iand cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Sperespectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed a

gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical f

gas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an indusnent of waste materials used as fuel.Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.

Spot Price: The price for a one-time open market tr

ery of the specific quantity of product at a specific lopurchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an eleenergy consumed for plant lighting, power, and auwhether the energy is produced at the plant or comes Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power pl

is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbinfossil fuels are burned.

Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gdistillation, cracking, reforming, and other processesmethane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butyle

Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petrochemi

factor is 6 million Btu per fuel oil equivalent barrel. 

404 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future use. See Crude Oil Stocks, Coal

Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks maintained by the FederalGovernment for use during periods of major supply interruption.Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to

those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electric powergeneration. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lowerend of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upperend. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight.The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu pershort ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per shortton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral

matter). See Coal Rank.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorless gas soluble in water, alcohol,

and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in paper pulping and ore refining, and

as a solvent.Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, and

slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielectric in electronics. It possesses the

highest 100-year global warming potential of any gas (23,900).

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance introduced into or commingled with natural gas that increases the volume available for disposition. Suchsubstances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke-oven gas,

manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added for Btu stabilization.Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas.) Amanufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resultingfrom the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that may easily be substituted

for or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data between physical units

of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) and thermal units of measure

(such as British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for converting data between

different thermal units of measure. See Btu Coversion Factor.

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical location to another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles;trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other

waterborne vehicles. Vehicles whose primary puconstruction cranes and bulldozers, farming vehiforklifts) are classified in the sector of their pprograms differ in sectoral coverage—http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/GuideforwSectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the ar

calculated supply and the calculated dispositio

supply is the sum of crude oil production plus imstocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil 

refineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as f

Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents diffcomponents of natural gas supply and the sum disposition. These differences may be due to qudata reporting problems. Reporting problems includof conversions of flow data metered at varying temconverted to a standard temperature and pressure company accounting and billing practices; differcalendar-period time frames; and imbalances resultiing systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, a

Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of 

natural gas that has been transferred from its orusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reser

ral gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude O

economic resources of crude oil and natural gas

mated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further procesmechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produceand include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene aand residuum.Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregateexcluding those in plant condensate. This product iUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): 15 constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, BelaKyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, TajiUzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of Decem

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
United States: The 50 States and the District of Columbia. Note: The United

States has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and otherpolitical entities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, includingPuerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll,Midway Islands, Wake Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA dataprograms may include data from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals. For these

programs, data products will contain notes explaining the extent of geographic

coverage included under the term “United States.”Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Itstwo principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it is the only isotope existing innature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotopethat subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, which also is fissionable bythermal neutrons. Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling of

uranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct of

phosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.

Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that canbe mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 (uranium oxide) per

ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8.

Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8.

Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories of uranium resources defined

by the international community to reflect differing levels of confidence in the existence of the resources. Reasonably assured resources (RAR), estimated additionalresources (EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described below.

Reasonably assured resources (RAR): Uranium that occurs in known

mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could berecovered within the given production cost ranges, with currently provenmining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade arebased on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and onknowledge of deposit characteristics. Note: RAR corresponds to DOE’s

uranium reserves category.Estimated additional resources (EAR): Uranium in addition to RAR that

is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, in little-explored deposits, and in undiscovered deposits believed to exist along well-defined geological trends

with known deposits. This uranium can subthe given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage able sampling data and on knowledge of determined in the best-known parts of the 

Note: EAR corresponds to DOE’s probable 

Speculative resources (SR): Uranium in ato exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidtions, in deposits discoverable with existinlocation of deposits in this category can gbeing somewhere within given regions or gin this category are less reliable than estim

SR corresponds to the combination of DOEand speculative potential resources categorie

Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy ma

heat-and-power system for use in any industrial ing or cooling application, or delivered to other energy made available for processes and applicgeneration.U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (

Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ing vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded 

Armed Forces.

Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Was

Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct 

operations. Waste coal is usually composed of mixwaste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in unconvetors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially cleneous noncombustible constituents. Examples of coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anth

and lignite waste.

Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one volt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measu

supplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily 

406 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008
Wax: A solid or semi-solid material at 77 degrees Fahrenheit consisting of a

mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived from petroleum fractions, or

through a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in which the straight chained paraffinseries predominates. This includes all marketable wax, whether crude or refined,with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 80 (or 85) and 240 degrees Fahrenheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent.Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producingcrude oil or natural gas; or (2) producing services related to the production ofcrude oil or natural gas. See Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production),

Crude Oil Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, Exploratory Well, and Natural

Gas Well.

Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/or natural gas) exits the ground.

Following historical precedent, the volume and price for crude oil production arelabeled as “wellhead,” even though the cost and volume are now generally measuredat the lease boundary. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term “wellhead”is the generic term used to reference the production site or lease property. Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at the mouth of the well.

See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.

Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment generally used for downhole services after a well is drilled. Services include well completions and recompletions,maintenance, repairs, workovers, and well plugging and abandonments. Jobs rangefrom minor operations, such as pulling the rods and rod pumps out of a crude oil

well, to major workovers, such as milling out and depth and characteristics determine the type of equWestern Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, BDenmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, IceMacedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic ofPortugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spaiand the United Kingdom.Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind 

mechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and el

Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and proused as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), limb forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad tie

liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, and other wWorking Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoior base gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total more than once during any season.Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate that 

texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 p

weight. It is used as feedstock for uranium 

fabrication.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2008 
Annual Energy Review

Long-term historical data on U.S. energy production, consumption,stocks, trade, and prices. Includes an overview of U.S. energy anddetailed chapters on energy consumption, major fuels, financial indicators, energy resources, international energy data, and environmental indicators. Most series begin in 1949.www.eia.doe.gov/aer

Petroleum Supply Annual

Information on the supply and disposition of crude oil and petroleum products. Volume 1 contains summary and detailed statistics,including trade, stocks, and refinery data. Volume 2 contains finalmonthly statistics for the annual data presented in Volume 1.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volume1/psa_volume1.html

Petroleum Marketing Annual

Information on volumes and prices of crude oils and refined petroleum products, including motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, aviation fuel, kerosene, and propane.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/pma.html

Natural Gas Annual

Review of U.S. natural gas activities, including production, consumption, prices, movements, and storage. Summary data are presented by State and at the national level.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_annual/nga.html

Annual Coal Report

Review of U.S. coal production; numerable reserves; employment; prodity; consumption by sector; and stocState level.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_su

Electric Power Annual

Review of U.S. electric power indugenerating capacity; demand, capacmargins; fuel consumption, stocks, emissions; trade; retail customers, retail prices; revenue and expense management.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_s

Renewable Energy Annual

Four reports: Renewable Energy Trentovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Amal Heat Pump Shipments; and GrePrograms.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/pa

Uranium Marketing Annual Report

Review of U.S. uranium industry acraw materials and uranium marketinsurvey year and industry’s plans near-term future.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/umar/umar.h

Annual Historical

Data Reports

from the Energy Information Administration

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces a variety of annual statistical reports on major energy resources and industry activitieFor more information about these and other EIA products, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202–586–8800 or infoctr@eia.d