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| a.   | designed                such                disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls                and                procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material                information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated                subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,                particularly during the period in which this annual report is being                prepared; |
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| b.   | evaluated                the                effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures                and                presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness                of the                disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered                by                this annual report based on such evaluation;                and |
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| c.   | disclosed                in                this annual report any change in the registrant's internal control                over                financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent                fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case                of an                annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely                to                materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial                reporting; |
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| a.   | All                significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal control                over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely                affect                the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report                financial information ; and |
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| b.   | Any                fraud,                whether or not material, that involves management or other employees                who                have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over                financial reporting. |
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