TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. FOOD INTAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.2 INTAKE RATE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR VARIOUS FOOD TYPES . . . . . . . 3-4

3.2.1 USDA, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

3.2.2 U.S. EPA, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

3.3 FISH INTAKE RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.3.1 General Population Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.3.1.1. U.S. EPA, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.3.1.2. Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

3.3.2 Freshwater Recreational Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

3.3.3 Native American Subsistence Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

3.3.3.1 Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC), 1994

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

3.3.3.2. Toy et al., 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.3.3.3. The Suquamish Tribe, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

3.3.4 Multi-State Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

3.4 FAT INTAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

3.4.1. Bogalusa Heart Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

3.4.2. U.S. EPA 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

3.5 TOTAL DIETARY INTAKE AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO DIETARY INTAKE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

3.6 INTAKE OF HOME-PRODUCED FOODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22

3.7 SERVING SIZE STUDY BASED ON THE USDA NFCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27

3.8 CONVERSION BETWEEN “AS CONSUMED” AND DRY WEIGHT INTAKE

RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

3.9 FAT CONTENT OF MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29

3.10 RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

3.11 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

APPENDIX 3A Calculations Used in the 1994-96 CSFII Analysis to Correct for Mixtures

APPENDIX 3B Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA

CSFII Data

APPENDIX 3C Sample Calculation of Mean Daily Fat Intake Based On CDC (1994) Data

APPENDIX 3D Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA

NFCS Data

APPENDIX 3E Statistical Notes
LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1. Grain Products: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita . . . . 3-35

Table 3-2. Grain Products: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age . . . . . . . . . 3-36

Table 3-3. Vegetables: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita . . . . . . . 3-37

Table 3-4. Vegetables: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38

Table 3-5. Fruits: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39

Table 3-6. Fruits: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40

Table 3-7. Milk and Milk Products: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

Table 3-8. Milk and Milk Products: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age . . 3-42

Table 3-9. Meat, Poultry, and Fish: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age . . . . . . 3-43

Table 3-10. Meat, Poultry, and Fish: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age . 3-44

Table 3-11. Eggs, Legumes, Nuts and Seeds, Fats and Oils, Sugars and Sweets: Mean Quantities

consumed daily by sex and age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45

Table 3-12. Eggs, Legumes, Nuts and Seeds, Fats and Oils, Sugars and Sweets: Percentage of

individuals consuming, by sex and age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46

Table 3-13. Beverages: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47

Table 3-14. Beverages: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age . . . . . . . . . . . 3-48

Table 3-15. Unweighted Number of Observations, 1994/96 CSFII Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49

Table 3-16. Per Capita Intake of the Major Food Groups (g/kg-day as consumed) . . . . . . . . 3-50

Table 3-17. Per Capita Intake of Individual Foods (g/kg-day as consumed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52

Table 3-18. Per Capita Intake of USDA Categories of Vegetables and Fruits (g/kg-day as

consumed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-56

Table 3-19. Per Capita Intake of Exposed/Protected Fruit and Vegetable Categories (g/kg-day as

consumed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-58

Table 3-20. Per Capita Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and Gender -

As Consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-60

Table 3-21. Consumers Only Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and

Gender - As Consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-61

Table 3-22. Per Capita Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and Gender -

Uncooked Fish Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-62

Table 3-23. Consumers Only Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and

Gender - Uncooked Fish Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63

Table 3-24. Number of Respondents Reporting Consumption of a Specified Number of Servings

of Seafood in 1 Month and Source of Seafood Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-64

Table 3-25. Mean Fish Intake Among Individuals Who Eat Fish and Reside in Households With

Recreational Fish Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-65

Table 3-26. Fish Consumption Rates among Native American Children (age 5 years and under)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-66

Table 3-27. Mean, 50th, and 90th Percentiles of Consumption Rates for Native American

Children Age Birth to Five Years (g/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-67

Table 3-28. Native American Children’s Consumption Rate (g/kg/day): Individual Finfish and

Shellfish and Fish Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-68
Table 3-29. Native American Children’s Consumption Rate (g/kg/day) for Consumers Only:

Individual Finfish and Shellfish and Fish Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-69

Table 3-30. Mean Fish Consumption, per capita, g/day and g/kg/day As Consumed, in Four

States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-70

Table 3-31. Mean Fish Consumption, Consumers Only, g/day and g/kg/day As Consumed, in

Four States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-71

Table 3-32. Mean Fish Consumption, Consumers Only, g/day and g/kg/day As Consumed, by

Caught or Bought Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-72

Table 3-33. Fat Intake Among Children Based on Data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, 1973-

1982 (g/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73

Table 3-34. Fat Intake Among Children Based on Data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, 1973-

1982 (g/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-74

Table 3-35. Mean Total Daily Dietary Fat Intake (g/day) Grouped by Age and Gender . . . . 3-75

Table 3-36. Total Fat Intake for the Whole Population and for the Top 10% of Animal Fat Consumers

by Consumers Only (g/kg-day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-76

Table 3-37. Per Capita Total Dietary Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-77

Table 3-38. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/day, as consumed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-78

Table 3-39. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/kg/day, as consumed) . . . . . . . . . . 3-82

Table 3-40. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total

Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid-range, and High-end Total Food Intake3-85

Table 3-41. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total

Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid-range, and High-end Total Meat Intake3-88

Table 3-42. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total

Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid-range, and High-end Total Meat and

Dairy Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-91

Table 3-43. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total

Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid-range, and High-end Total Fish Intake3-94

Table 3-44. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total

Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid-range, and High-end Total Fruit and

Vegetable Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-97

Table 3-45. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total

Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid-range, and High-end Total Dairy Intake 3-100

Table 3-46. Weighted and Unweighted Number of Observations (Individuals) for NFCS Data

Used in Analysis ofFood Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103

Table 3-47. Consumer Only Intake of Homegrown Foods (g/kg-day)a

 - All Regions Combined

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-104

Table 3-48. Percent Weight Losses from Food Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-105

Table 3-49. Quantity (as consumed) of Food Groups Consumed Per Eating Occasion and the

Percentage of Individuals Using These Foods Over a Three-Day Period in a 1977-1978

Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-106

Table 3-50. Mean Moisture Content of Selected Food Groups Expressed as Percentages of

Edible Portions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-108

Table 3-51. Percent Moisture Content for Selected Fish Speciesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113

Table 3-52. Percentage Lipid Content (Expressed as Percentages of 100 Grams of Edible

Portions) of Selected Meat, Dairy, and Fish Productsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116

Table 3-53. Fat Content of Meat Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-120
Table 3-54. Summary of Recommended Values for Per Capita Intake of Foods, As Consumed

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-121

Table 3-55. Confidence Intake Recommendations for Various Foods, Including Fish (General

Population) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-123

Table 3-56. Confidence Intake Recommendations for Fish Consumption - Recreational

Freshwater Angler Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-124

Table 3-57. Summary of Fish Intake Rates Among Native American Children (Consumers Only)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-125

Table 3-58. Confidence Intake Recommendations for Fish Consumption - Native American

Subsistence Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-126

Table 3A-1. Fraction of Grain and Meat Mixture Intake Represented by Various Food

Items/groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-2

Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3B-1

Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D-1
3-1

1 3. FOOD INTAKE

2

3 3.1 INTRODUCTION

4 The American food supply is generally considered to be one of the safest in the world. 

5 The U.S. Department of Agriculture has been protecting the Nation’s food supply for over a

6 century through a number of food safety programs that monitor chemical and biological

7 contaminants and rank the nutritional quality of various food items.. However, contamination of

8 foods may occur through environmental pollution of air, water, and soil or through intentional

9 use of chemicals such as pesticides or other agrochemical products. To assess exposure through

10 this pathway, information on food ingestion rates are needed.

11 Children’s exposure from contaminated foods may differ from that of adults because of

12 differences in the type and amounts of food eaten. Also, for many foods, the intake per unit

13 body weight is greater for children than for adults. Common foods eaten by children include

14 nonfat milk solids, apple juice, fresh apples, orange juice, fresh pears, milk fat and solids, fresh

15 peaches, carrots, lean beef, milk sugar (lactose), fresh bananas, milled rice, succulent garden

16 peas, succulent garden beans, oats, soybean oil, coconut oil, and wheat flour (Goldman, 1995).

17 The primary sources of recent information on consumption rates of foods among children

18 are USDA’s Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) and the USDA Continuing Survey

19 of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). Data from the 1989-1991 and 1994-96 CSFII and the

20 1998 Children’s supplement to the 1994-96 CSFII have been used in various studies to generate

21 children’s per capita intake rates for both individual foods and the major food groups. Earlier

22 studies have used USDA’s Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) from 1977/1978 or

23 1987/88. Because data from the 1989-91 and 1994-96 CSFIIs and the 1998 Children’s

24 supplement to the 1994-96 CSFII are available, data from the older surveys are not reported

25 here, except in the case of data on homegrown foods, which are based on the 1987/88 NFCS, and

26 serving size information, which is based on the 1977/1978 NFCS. Older USDA data analyses

27 can be found in Exposure Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1997).

28 A variety of terms may be used to define intake (e.g., consumer-only intake, per capita

29 intake, as consumed intake, dry weight intake.) These terms are defined below to assist the
3-2

1 reader in interpreting and using the intake rates that are appropriate for the exposure scenario

2 being assessed. 

3 Consumer-only intake is defined as the quantity of foods consumed by children during

4 the survey period averaged across only the children in the survey who consumed that food

5 during the survey period. Per capita intake rates are generated by averaging consumer-only

6 intakes over the entire population of children. In general, per capita intake rates are appropriate

7 for use in exposure assessment for which average dose estimates for children are of interest

8 because they represent both children who ate the foods during the survey period and children

9 who may eat the food items at some time, but did not consume them during the survey period. 

10 Per capita intake, therefore, represents an average across the entire population of interest but

11 does so at the expense of underestimating consumption for the subset of the population that

12 consume the food in question. Intake rates for the major food categories include all forms of that

13 food type. For example, total fruit intake refers to the sum of all fruits consumed in a day

14 including canned, dried, frozen, and fresh fruits. Likewise, total vegetable intake refers to the

15 sum of all vegetables consumed in a day including canned, dried, frozen, and fresh vegetables.

16 Intake rates may be presented on an “as consumed” (e.g., cooked) basis or on the basis of

17 an uncooked weight. “As consumed” intake rates (g/day) are based on the weight of the food in

18 the form that it is consumed and should be used in assessments where the basis for the

19 contaminant concentrations in foods is whole weight. When data are based on “as consumed”

20 form, corrections to account for changes in portion sizes from cooking losses are generally not

21 required. When dry weight contaminant concentrations in foods are available, dry-weight intake

22 rates are recommended. Dry-weight intake rates are based on the weight of the food consumed

23 after the moisture content has been removed.

24 Many of the food ingestion rate values provided in this handbook are expressed as "as

25 consumed" because this is the fashion in which data are reported by survey respondents. This is

26 of importance because concentration data to be used in the dose equation are generally measured

27 in uncooked food samples. In such cases, the as-consumed ingestion rate and the uncooked

28 concentration are used. However, it should be recognized that cooking can increase food weight

29 (e.g. boiling pasta or rice) or decrease food weight (e.g. baking vegetables or meat). Similarly,
3-3

1 cooking can increase the mass of contaminant in food (due to formation reactions, or absorption

2 from cooking oils or water) or decrease the mass of contaminant in food (due to vaporization, fat

3 loss or leaching). The combined effects of changes in weight and changes in contaminant mass

4 can result in either an increase or decrease in contaminant concentration in cooked food. 

5 Therefore, if the as-consumed ingestion rate and the uncooked concentration are used in the dose

6 equation, dose may be underestimated or over estimated. Ideally, after cooking food

7 concentration should be combined with the as-consumed intake rates. In the absence of data, it

8 is reasonable to assume that no change in contaminant concentration occurs after cooking. 

9 Uncooked intake data for general population fish consumption and home produced foods were

10 available for presentation in this handbook. Data on the general population fish consumption

11 have been presented in this handbook on both an as-consumed and an uncooked basis. For most

12 other foods, “as consumed” intakes are presented. It is important for the assessor to be aware of

13 these issues and choose intake rate data that best match the concentration data that are being

14 used. It should also be recognized that contaminant concentrations can vary with fish species

15 and that ideally exposure assessors should use species-specific fish concentrations and species16 specific fish consumption rates. Such data were not presented here, but may be available in

17 some locations and should be considered. 

18 Estimating source-specific exposures to toxic chemicals in fruits and vegetables may also

19 require information on the amount of fruits and vegetables that are exposed to or protected from

20 contamination as a result of cultivation practices or the physical nature of the food product itself

21 (i.e., those having protective coverings that are removed before eating would be considered

22 protected), or the amount grown beneath the soil (i.e., most root crops such as carrots). The

23 percentages of foods grown above and below ground will be useful when the concentrations of

24 contaminants in foods are estimated from concentrations in soil, water, and air. For example,

25 vegetables grown below ground may be more likely to be contaminated by soil pollutants, but

26 leafy above ground vegetables may be more likely to be contaminated by deposition of air

27 pollutants on plant surfaces.

28 The purpose of this section is to provide: (1) intake data for individual foods, the major

29 food groups, and total foods among children, including homegrown foods; (2) guidance for
3-4

1 converting between as-consumed and dry weight intake rates; and (3) intake data for exposed

2 and protected fruits and vegetables and those grown below ground. Recommendations are based

3 on and upper-percentile intake among the general population of the U.S.

4

5 3.2 INTAKE RATE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR VARIOUS FOOD TYPES

6 3.2.1 USDA, 1999

7 The Supplemental Children’s Survey to the 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes

8 by Individuals (CSFII 1998) was conducted in response to the Food Quality Protection Act of

9 1996, which required the U.S. Department of Agriculture to provide data from a larger sample of

10 children for use by the Environmental Protection Agency in estimating exposure to pesticide

11 residues in the diets of children. The 1998 survey adds intake data from 5,559 children birth

12 through 9 years of age to the intake data collected from 4,253 children of the same age who

13 participated in the CSFII 1994-96. The 1994-96 survey included the collection of data from

14 persons of all ages. Both are nationally representative samples of persons living U.S.

15 households.

16 The CSFII 1998 was designed to be combined with the CSFII 1994-96, thus the

17 approaches to sample selection, data collection, data file preparation, and weighting were

18 consistent. The design, methodology, and operation of the CSFII 1994-96 are detailed in a

19 separate report (Tippett and Cypel, 1997). The CSFII 1998 was conducted between December

20 1997 and December 1998 by USDA’s Agricultural Research Service.

21 The results presented in Tables 3-1 through 3-14 include national probability estimates

22 based on all 4 years of the CSFII (1994-96 and 1998) for children age 9 years and under and on

23 CSFII 1994-96 only for individuals age 10 years and over. The results are weighted to adjust for

24 differential rates of sample selection and nonresponse and to calibrate the sample to match

25 population characteristics that are correlated with eating behavior, and to equalize intakes over

26 the 4 quarters of the year and the 7 days of the week. Users should note that some weights

27 calculated for the purpose of combining data from 1994-96 with those from 1998 yield estimates

28 for individuals 12 through 19 years of age that may be slightly different from estimates issued

29 earlier from the CSFII 1994-96.

30 The sample sizes on which estimates are based are provided in the tables; readers using
3-5

1 data for young children should note that 503 breast-fed children were excluded from the

2 estimates. Fasters (individuals reporting no food or beverage consumed for the day) were

3 included in the calculations. In general, the sample sizes for each sex-age group provide a

4 sufficient level of precision to ensure statistical reliability of the estimates. For CSFII 1998, the

5 overall response rate on the first day of the survey was 85.6 percent and the overall 2-day

6 response rate was 81.7 percent. The CSFII 1994-96 day 1 response rate was 80.0 percent and the

7 2-day response rate was 76.1 percent.

8 Tables that present data on mean intakes or mean percentages are based on respondents’

9 day 1 intakes so that readers can track trends over time from surveys with different numbers of

10 days of dietary information. Tables that present percentages of individuals meeting

11 recommendations are based on respondents’ 2-day average intakes. The data for food intakes

12 from this analysis are presented in Tables 3-1 through 3-14. Data are presented for mean

13 quantities in grams of food products/groups consumed per individual for 1 day and the percent

14 consuming. The foods presented include grain products; vegetables; fruits; milk and milk

15 products; meat, poultry, and fish; and beverages. Data are also provided for eggs, legumes, nuts

16 and seeds, fats and oils, and sugars and sweets.

17 The advantages of USDA 1999 study is that it uses the 1994-96, 98 CSFII data set, which 

18 includes four years of intake data combined including the supplemental data on children. These

19 data are expected to be generally representative of the U.S. population and they include data on a

20 wide variety of food types. The data set is one of a series of publicly available USDA data sets,

21 and should reflect recent eating patterns in the United States. One limitation of this data set is

22 that it is based on a two-day survey period. Short-term dietary data may not accurately reflect

23 long-term eating patterns. This is particularly true for the tails (extremes) of the distribution of

24 food intake. Other limitations of this study are that it only provides mean values of food intake

25 rates, consumption is not normalized by body weight, and presentation of results is not consistent

26 with EPA’s recommended age groups.

27

28
3-6

1 3.2.2 U.S. EPA, 2003

2 EPA’s National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) analyzed three years of

3 data from USDA's CSFII to generate distributions of intake rates for various food items/groups. 

4 The food groups selected for this analysis include the major food groups: total fruits, total

5 vegetables, total grains, total meats, and total dairy. Individual foods include fruit and vegetable

6 items such as: apples, bananas, peaches, pears, strawberries, and other berries; individual

7 vegetables such as: asparagus, beets, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, corn, cucumbers, lettuce, lima

8 beans, okra, onions, peas, peppers, pumpkin, snap beans, tomatoes, and white potatoes; fruits and

9 vegetables categorized as exposed, protected and roots; and various USDA categories (i.e., citrus

10 and other fruits, and dark green, deep yellow, and other vegetables). Individual meats include

11 beef, eggs, game, pork, and poultry; and individual grain items include breads, breadfast foods,

12 cereals, pasta, rice, snacks, and sweets. Intake rates of total vegetables, tomatoes, and white

13 potatoes, total meats, fish, beef, pork, poultry, dairy, eggs, and total grains were adjusted to

14 account for the amount of these food items eaten as meat and grain mixtures as described in

15 Appendix 3A. Food items/groups were identified in the CSFII data base according to USDA16 defined food codes. Appendix 3B presents the codes and definitions used to determine the

17 various food groups used in the analysis. Intake rates for these food items/groups represent

18 intake of all forms of the product (i.e., home produced and commercially produced).

19 Individual identifiers in the database were used throughout the analysis to categorize

20 populations according to demographics. These identifiers included identification number, age,

21 body weight, two-day statistical sample weight, and number of days that data were reported. 

22 Distributions of intake were determined for children who provided data for two days of the

23 survey. Individuals who did not provide information on body weight or for whom identifying

24 information was unavailable were excluded from the analysis. Two-day average intake rates

25 were calculated for all individuals in the database for each of the food items/groups. These

26 average daily intake rates were divided by each individual's reported body weight to generate

27 intake rates in units of grams per kilogram of body weight per day (g/kg-day). In calculating

28 summary statistics, the data were weighted according to the two-day sample weights provided in

29 the 1994-96 CSFII. USDA sample weights are calculated to account for inherent biases in the
3-7

1 sample selection process, and to adjust the sample population to reflect the national population. 

2 Summary statistics for individual intake rates were generated on a per capita basis. That

3 is, both users and non-users of the food item were included in the analysis. Mean consumer only

4 intake rates may be calculated by dividing the mean per capita intake rate by the percent of the

5 population consuming the food item of interest. Intake data from the CSFII are based on "as

6 consumed" (i.e., cooked or prepared) forms of the food items/groups. Thus, corrections to

7 account for changes in portion sizes from cooking losses are not generally required. Summary

8 statistics included are: number of weighted and unweighted observations, percentage of the

9 population using the food item/group being analyzed, mean intake rate, standard error, and

10 percentiles of the intake rate distribution (i.e., 0, 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th, 99th,

11 and 100th percentile or maximum observed in the survey). Data were provided for the total

12 population using the food item being evaluated and for several age groups of children, including

13 <1, 1-2, 3-5, 6-11, and 12-19 years. The total numbers of individuals in the data set, by age

14 group are presented in Table 3-15. 

15 The results of this analysis are presented in Table 3-16 for total fruits, total vegetables,

16 total grains, total meats, total fish, and total dairy products. Table 3-17 provides data for

17 individual foods, and Table 3-18 for the various USDA categories. The data for exposed,

18 protected and root food items are presented in Table 3-19. Because the results are presented in

19 units of g/kg-day, use of these data in calculating potential dose does not require the body weight

20 factor to be included in the denominator of the average daily dose (ADD) equation. Converting

21 these intake rates into units of g/day by multiplying by a single average body weight is

22 inappropriate, because individual intake rates were indexed to the reported body weights of the

23 survey respondents. However, if there is a need to compare the intake data presented here to

24 intake data in units of g/day, a body weight for the age group of interest, as presented in Chapter

25 10 of this Handbook, should be used.

26 The distribution of average daily intake rates generated using short-term data (e.g., 2-

27 day) do not necessarily reflect the long-term distribution of average daily intake rates. The

28 distributions generated from short-term and long-term data will differ to the extent that each

29 individual’s intake varies from day to day; the distributions will be similar to the extent that
3-8

1 individuals’ intakes are constant from day to day.

2 Day-to-day variation in intake among individuals will be high for foods that are highly

3 seasonal and for foods that are eaten year-round but that are not typically eaten every day. For

4 these foods, the intake distribution generated from short-term data will not be a good reflection

5 of the long-term distribution. On the other hand, for broad categories of foods (e.g., vegetables)

6 which are eaten on a daily basis throughout the year with minimal seasonality, the short-term

7 distribution may be a reasonable approximation of the true long-term distribution, although it

8 will show somewhat more variability. Distributions are shown only for the major food groups

9 and broad categories of foods. For individual foods, only the mean, standard deviation and

10 percent consuming are provided. Because of the increased variability of the short-term

11 distribution, the short-term upper percentiles shown here will tend to overestimate somewhat the

12 corresponding percentiles of the long-term distribution.

13 The strengths of EPA’s analysis are that it provides distributions of intake rates for

14 children for the EPA recommended age groups and consumption has been normalized by body

15 weight. The study uses the 1994-96 CSFII data set which is expected to be generally

16 representative of the U.S. population and it includes data on a wide variety of food types. One

17 limitation of EPA’s analysis is that the data from the 1998 Supplemental Children’s Survey were

18 not available at the time that EPA conducted this analysis. The data set includes three years of

19 intake data combined and is based on a two-day survey period. Short-term dietary data may not

20 accurately reflect long-term eating patterns. This is particularly true for the tails (extremes) of

21 the distribution of food intake. In addition, the adjustment for including mixtures adds

22 uncertainty to the intake rate distributions. The calculation for including mixtures assumes that

23 intake of any mixture includes all of the foods identified in Appendix Table 3A-1 in the

24 proportions specified in that table. This may under- or over-estimate intake of certain foods

25 among some individuals.

26
3-9

1 3.3 FISH INTAKE RATES

2 3.3.1 General Population Studies

3 3.3.1.1. U.S. EPA, 2002

4 EPA’s Office of Water used data from the 1994-96 CSFII and its 1998 Children’s

5 Supplement (referred to collectively as CSFII 1994-96, 1998) to generate fish intake estimates. 

6 Participants in the CSFII 1994-96, 98 provided two nonconsecutive days of dietary data.

7 Respondents estimated the weight of each food that they consumed. Consumption of food was

8 classified into 11,345 different food codes and stored in a database as grams consumed per day.

9 A total of 831 of these food codes relate to fish or shellfish; survey respondents reported

10 consumption across 665 of these codes. The fish component (by weight) of these foods was

11 calculated using data from the recipe file for release 7 of the USDA’s Nutrient Data Base for

12 Individual Food Intake Surveys. The amount of fish consumed by each individual was then

13 calculated by summing, over all fish containing foods, the product of the weight of food

14 consumed and the fish component (i.e., the percentage fish by weight) of the food.

15 The recipe file also contains cooking loss factors associated with each food. These were

16 used to convert, for each fish-containing food, the as-eaten fish weight consumed into an

17 uncooked equivalent weight of fish. Analyses of fish intake were performed on both an as-eaten

18 and uncooked basis.

19 Each fish-related food code was assigned by EPA a habitat type of either freshwater/

20 estuarine or marine. Food codes were also designated as finfish or shellfish. Average daily

21 individual consumption (g/day) for a given fish type-by-habitat category (e.g., marine finfish)

22 was calculated by summing the amount of fish consumed by the individual across the two

23 reporting days for all fish-related food codes in the given fish-by-habitat category and then

24 dividing by 2. Individual daily fish consumption (g/day) was calculated similarly except that

25 total fish consumption was divided by the specific number of survey days the individual reported

26 consuming fish; this was calculated for fish consumers only (i.e., those consuming fish on at

27 least one of the three survey days). The reported body weight of the individual was used to

28 convert consumption in g/day to consumption in g/kg-day.

29 There were a total of 20,607 respondents in the combined data set who had two-day
3-10

1 dietary intake data. Survey weights were assigned to this data set to make it representative of the

2 U.S. population with respect to various demographic characteristics related to food intake.

3 U.S. EPA (2002) reported means, medians, upper percentiles, and 90-percent interval

4 estimates for the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles. Table 3-20 presents these statistics for daily

5 average per capita fish consumption by age and gender in g/day and in mg/kg/day, as consumed. 

6 Table 3-21 provides consumer-only data in units of g/day and mg/kg/day, as consumed. Tables

7 3-22 and 3-23 provide similar data on an uncooked basis. These data are presented by selected

8 age groupings (14 and under and 15-44) and gender.

9 The advantages of this study are its large size and its representativeness. In addition,

10 through use of the USDA recipe files, the analysis identified all fish-related food codes and

11 estimated the percent fish content of each of these codes. By contrast, some analyses of the

12 USDA National Food Consumption Surveys (NFCSs) which reported per capita fish intake rates

13 ( e.g., Pao et al., 1982; USDA, 1992), excluded certain fish containing foods (e.g., fish mixtures,

14 frozen plate meals) from their calculations.

15

16 3.3.1.2. Tsang and Klepeis, 1996

17 The U.S. EPA collected information for the general population on the duration and

18 frequency of time spent in selected activities and time spent in selected microenvironments via

19 24-hour diaries. Over 9,000 individuals from 48 contiguous states participated in NHAPS. 

20 Approximately 4,700 participants also provided information on seafood consumption. Over 900

21 of these participants were children between the ages of 1 and 17 years. The survey was

22 conducted between October 1992 and September 1994. Data were collected on the (1) number

23 of people that ate seafood in the last month, (2) the number of servings of seafood consumed,

24 and (3) whether the seafood consumed was caught or purchased. The participant responses were

25 weighted according to selected demographics such as age, gender, and race to ensure that results

26 were representative of the U.S. population. In order to conform to the standardized age

27 categories used in this Handbook, EPA obtained the source data for the NHAPS survey and

28 recalculated the relevant statistics using the new age categories. The results of EPA’s analysis

29 are shown in Table 3-24.
3-11

1 Intake data were not provided in the survey. However, intake of fish can be estimated

2 using the information on the number of servings of fish eaten from this study and serving size

3 data for each age group from other studies (e.g., Pao et al., 1982) (see Section 3.7). Using this

4 mean value for serving size and a number of servings per month (Table 3-24), the age-specific

5 amount of seafood eaten per month can be estimated.

6 The advantages of NHAPS is that the data were collected for a large number of

7 individuals and are representative of the U.S. general population. However, evaluation of

8 seafood intake was not the primary purpose of the study and the data do not reflect the actual

9 amount of seafood that was eaten. However, using the assumption described above, the

10 estimated seafood intake from this study are comparable to those observed in the EPA CSFII

11 analysis, but an all inclusive description for seafood was not presented in Tsang and Klepeis

12 (1996) or in the NHAPS data. It is not known if processed or canned seafood and seafood

13 mixtures are included in the seafood category.

14

15 3.3.2 Freshwater Recreational Study

16 The Michigan Sport Anglers Fish Consumption Survey (West et al., 1989) surveyed a

17 stratified random sample of Michigan residents with fishing licences. The sample was divided

18 into 18 cohorts, with one cohort receiving a mail questionnaire each week between January and

19 May 1989. The survey included both a short term recall component recording respondents’ fish

20 intake over a seven day period and a usual frequency component. For the short-term component,

21 respondents were asked to identify all household members and list all fish meals consumed by

22 each household member during the past seven days. The source of the fish for each meal was

23 requested (self-caught, gift, market, or restaurant). Respondents were asked to categorize

24 serving size by comparison with pictures of 8 oz. fish portions; serving sizes could be designated

25 as either “about the same size”, “less”, or “more” than the size pictured. Data on fish species,

26 locations of self-caught fish and methods of preparation and cooking were also obtained.

27 The usual frequency component of the survey asked about the frequency of fish meals

28 during each of the four seasons and requested respondents to give the overall percentage of

29 household fish meals that come from recreational sources. A sample of 2,600 individuals were
3-12

1 selected from state records to receive survey questionnaires. A total of 2,334 survey

2 questionnaires were deliverable and 1,104 were completed and returned, giving a response rate

3 of 47.3%.

4 In the analysis of the survey data by West et. al. (1989), the authors did not attempt to

5 generate the distribution of recreationally caught fish intake in the survey population. EPA

6 obtained the raw data of this survey for the purpose of generating fish intake distributions and

7 other specialized analyses.

8 EPA first analyzed the short term data with the intent of estimating mean fish intake

9 rates. In order to compare these results with those based on usual intake, only respondents with

10 information on both short term and usual intake were included in this analysis. For the analysis

11 of the short term data, EPA modified the serving size weights used by West et al. (1989), which

12 were 5, 8 and 10 oz., respectively, for portions that were less, about the same, and more than the

13 8 oz. picture. EPA examined the percentiles of the distribution of fish meal sizes reported in Pao

14 et al. (1982) derived from the 1977-1978 USDA National Food Consumption Survey and

15 observed that a lognormal distribution provided a good visual fit to the percentile data. Using

16 this lognormal distribution, the mean values for serving sizes greater than 8 oz. and for serving

17 sizes at least 10 percent greater than 8 oz. were determined. In both cases a serving size of 12

18 oz. was consistent with the Pao et al. (1982) distribution. The weights used in the EPA analysis

19 then were 5, 8, and 12 oz. for fish meals described as less, about the same, and more than the 8

20 oz. picture, respectively. It should be noted that the mean serving size from Pao et al. (1982)

21 was about 5 oz., well below the value of 8 oz. most commonly reported by respondents in the

22 West et al. (1989) survey.

23 Table 3-25 displays the mean number of total and recreational fish meals for each

24 household member between age 1 and 20 years based on the seven day recall data. Also shown

25 are mean fish intake rates derived by applying the weights described above to each fish meal. 

26 Intake was calculated on both a grams/day and grams/kg body weight/day basis. This analysis

27 was restricted to individuals who eat fish and who reside in households reporting some

28 recreational fish consumption during the previous year. About 75 percent of survey respondents

29 (i.e., licensed anglers) and about 84 percent of respondents who fished in the prior year reported
3-13

1 some household recreational fish consumption.

2 The advantages of this data set and analysis are that the survey was relatively large and

3 contained both short-term and usual intake data. The response rate of this survey, 47 percent,

4 was relatively low. This study was conducted in the winter and spring months of 1989. This

5 period does not include the summer months when peak fishing activity can be anticipated,

6 leading to the possibility that intake results based on the 7 day recall data may understate

7 individuals’ usual (annual average) fish consumption.

8

9 3.3.3 Native American Subsistence Studies

10 3.3.3.1 Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC), 1994 

11 CRITFC (1994) conducted a fish consumption survey among four Columbia River Basin

12 Native American tribes during the fall and winter of 1991-1992. The target population included

13 all adult tribal members who lived on or near the Yakama, Warm Springs, Umatilla or Nez Perce

14 reservations. The survey was based on a stratified random sampling design where respondents

15 were selected from patient registration files at the Indian Health Service. Interviews were

16 performed in person at a central location on the member’s reservation. Information for 204

17 children 5 years old and less was provided by the participating adult respondent. The overall

18 response rate was 69%.

19 Information requested included annual and seasonal numbers of fish meals, average

20 serving size per fish meal, species and part(s) of fish consumed, and preparation methods based

21 on 24-hour dietary recall. Foam sponge food models approximating 4, 8, and 12-oz. fish fillets

22 were provided to help respondents estimate average fish meal size. Fish intake rates were

23 calculated by multiplying the annual frequency of fish meals by the average serving size per fish

24 meal.

25 The study was designed to give essentially equal sample sizes for each tribe. However,

26 because the population sizes of the tribes were highly unequal, it was necessary to weight the

27 data (in proportion to tribal population size) so that the survey results were representative of the

28 overall population of the four tribes. Such weights were applied to the analysis of adults;

29 however, because the sample size for children was considered small, only an unweighted
3-14

1 analysis was performed for this population.

2 A total of 49 percent of respondents of the total survey population reported that they

3 caught fish from the Columbia River basin and its tributaries for personal use or for tribal

4 ceremonies and distributions to other tribe members and 88 percent reported that they obtained

5 fish from either self-harvesting, family or friends, at tribal ceremonies or from tribal

6 distributions. Of all fish consumed, 41 percent came from self or family harvesting, 11 percent

7 from the harvest of friends, 35 percent from tribal ceremonies or distribution, 9 percent from

8 stores and 4 percent from other sources.

9 The analysis of seasonal intake showed that May and June tended to be high10 consumption months and December and January low consumption months. Table 3-26 gives the

11 fish intake distribution for children under 5 years of age. The mean intake rate was 19.6 g/day

12 and the 95th percentile was approximately 70 g/d, which includes consumers and nonconsumers.

13 The authors noted that some non-response bias may have occurred in the survey since

14 respondents were more likely to live near the reservation and were more likely to be female than

15 non-respondents. In addition, they hypothesized that non fish consumers may have been more

16 likely to be non-respondents than fish consumers since non consumers may have thought their

17 contribution to the survey would be meaningless; if such were the case, this study would

18 overestimate the mean intake rate. It was also noted that the timing of the survey, which was

19 conducted during low fish consumption months, may have led to underestimation of actual fish

20 consumption; the authors conjectured that an individual may report higher annual consumption if

21 interviewed during a relatively high consumption month and lower annual consumption if

22 interviewed during a relatively low consumption month. Finally, with respect to children’s

23 intake, it was observed that some of the respondents provided the same information for their

24 children as for themselves, thereby the reliability of some of these data is questioned.

25 This study does present information on fish consumption patterns and habits for a Native

26 American subpopulation. It should be noted that the number of surveys that address subsistence

27 subpopulations is very limited.

28

29
3-15

1 3.3.3.2. Toy et al., 1996

2 Toy et al. (1996) conducted a study to determine fish and shellfish consumption rates of

3 the Tulalip and Squaxin Island tribes living in the Puget Sound. These two Indian tribes were

4 selected nonrandomly to represent the expected range of fishing and fish consumption activities

5 of tribes in the Puget Sound Region.

6 A survey was conducted to describe fish consumption for Puget Sound tribal members

7 over the age of 18 and their dependents ages five and under in terms of their consumption rate of

8 anadromous, pelagic, bottom fish, and shellfish in g/kg-day. Data were also collected on fish

9 parts consumed, preparation methods, patterns of acquisition for all fish and shellfish

10 consumption, and children’s consumption rates. Interviews were conducted between February

11 25 and May 15, 1994. A total of 190 tribal members, ages 18 years old and older, and 69

12 children between ages birth and 5 years old, were surveyed on consumption of 52 fish species.

13 The response rate was 77% for the Squaxin Island Tribe and 76% for the Tulalip Tribes.

14 The mean and median consumption rate for children 5 years and younger was 0.53 and

15 0.17 g/kg-day, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of adults, even when the

16 consumption rate was adjusted for body weight (Table 3-27). Squaxin island children tend to

17 consume more fish (mean 0.825 g/kg/day vs. 0.239 g/kg/day). The data were insifficient to allow

18 re-analysis to fit the data to the standard EPA age categories used elsewhere in this Handbook.

19 The advantage of this study is that the data can be used to improve the manner in which

20 exposure assessments are conducted for high-consumer populations and to identify cultural

21 characteristics that place tribal members at disproportionate risk to chemical contamination. The

22 survey of Tulalip and Squaxin Island Tribes showed considerably higher consumption rates for

23 both adults and children than the 0.09 g/kg/day reported for the general population by SRI

24 international (Toy et al., 1996).

25 One limitation associated with this study is that although data from the Tulalip and

26 Squaxin Island tribes may be representative of consumption rates of these specific tribes, fish

27 consumption rates, habits, and patterns can vary among tribes and other sub-populations. The

28 authors noted that the total fish consumption rates were similar for both tribes; however,

29 consumption pattern by fish species and other factors differ. In some instances, these differences
3-16

1 were statistically significant. Another limitation is that the distribution presented in this study is

skewed toward higher rates, and it might be more appropriate to use the 90th or 95th 2 percentiles

3 rather than means or medians for analysis of risk. There might also be a possible bias due to the

4 time the survey was conducted; many species in the survey are seasonal. For example, because

5 of the timing of the survey, respondents may have overestimated the annual consumption of

6 shellfish.

7

8 3.3.3.3. The Suquamish Tribe, 2000

9 The Suquamish Tribal Council conducted a study of the Suquamish tribal members living

10 on and near the Port Madison Indian Reservation in the Puget Sound region. The study was

11 funded by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) through a grant to

12 the Washington State Department of Health. The purpose of the study was to determine seafood

13 consumption rates, patterns, and habits of the members of the Suquamish Tribe. The second

14 objective was to identify cultural practices and attributes which affect consumption rates,

15 patterns and habits of members of the Suquamish Tribe.

16 A systematic random sample of adults age 16 and older were selected from a sorted tribal

17 enrollment roster. The study had a participation rate of 64.8%, which was calculated on the

18 basis of 92 respondents out of a total of 142 potentially eligible adults on the list of those

19 selected into the sample. Consumption data for children under six years of age were gathered

20 through adult respondents who had children under six years of age living in the household at the

21 time of the survey since birth or for at least one year. 

22 A survey questionnaire was administered by personal interview. The survey included

23 four parts: (1) a 24-hour dietary recall; (2) identification, portions, frequency of consumption,

24 preparation, harvest location of fish; (3) shellfish consumption, preparation, harvest location; and

25 (4) changes in consumption over time, cultural information, physical information, and

26 socioeconomic information.

27 A display booklet was developed to assist respondents in providing consumption data and

28 identifying harvest locations of seafood consumed. Physical models of finfish and shellfish were

29 constructed to assist respondents in determining typical food portions. Finfish and shellfish were
3-17

1 grouped into categories based on similarities in life history as well as practices of tribal members

2 who fish for subsistence, ceremonial, and commercial purposes.

3 Interviewers collected data from 92 adults and for 31 children under six years of age. 

4 Table 3-28 provides the consumption rate for children in terms of g/kg-day. Table 3-29 provides

5 consumption rates for consumers only. Because all the children involved in the study consumed

6 some form of fish, the consumption distribution of all fish is the same in both tables. The mean,

median, and 95th 7 percentile consumption of all fish were 1.5 g/kg-day, 0.72 g/kg-day, and 7.3

8 g/kg-day, respectively.

9 A limitation of this study is that the sample size for children was fairly small (31

10 children). An important attribute of this survey is that it provides consumption rates by

11 individual type of fish and shellfish. It is important to note that the report indicates that

12 increased levels of development as well as pollutants from residential, industrial, and

13 commercial uses have resulted in degraded habitats and harvesting restrictions. There were 11

14 Superfund sites within the immediate area of the Port Madison Indian Reservation at the time the

15 fish consumption survey was conducted. Despite degraded water quality and habitat, tribal

16 members continue to rely on fish and shellfish as a significant part of their diet.

17

18 3.3.4 Multi-State Study

19 EPA/ORD has collected data from many fish consumption surveys performed throughout

20 the United States. Some of these studies were selected for further analysis based on the

21 following criteria: large sample size and availability of data. Raw data were obtained for three

22 of the studies, covering four states: Connecticut, Florida, Minnesota, and North Dakota (Westat,

23 2006). The fish consumption data from the three studies were extracted and the common data

24 variables were combined into one file for subsequent analysis. The study presents fish and

25 shellfish consumption data, enumerated by demographic group and by type of fish and/or

26 shellfish consumed. 

27 The primary difference in survey procedures among the three studies was the manner in

28 which the fish consumption data were collected. In Connecticut, the survey requested

29 information on how often each type of seafood was eaten, without a recall period specified. In
3-18

1 Minnesota and North Dakota, the survey requested information on the rate of fish or shellfish

2 consumption during the previous 12 months. In Florida, the survey requested information on

3 fish consumption during the last 7 days prior to the telephone interview. In addition, for the

4 Florida survey, away-from-home fish consumption was collected from a randomly selected adult

5 from each participating household. Because this information was not collected from all

6 household members, the study may tend to underestimate away-from home consumption. The

7 study notes that estimates of fish consumption using a shorter recall period will decrease the

8 proportion of respondents that report eating fish or shellfish. This trend was observed in the

9 Florida study (in which approximately half of respondents reported eating fish/shellfish),

10 compared with Connecticut, Minnesota and North Dakota (in which approximately 90% of

11 respondents reported eating fish or shellfish).

12 Tables 3-30 through 3-32 present key findings of the Westat (2006) consumption study.

13 Tables 3-30 and 3-31 present per capita and consumer only consumption, respectively, for the 1

14 to <6 years, 6 to <11 years, 11 to <16 years, and 16 to <30 year age groups. The 16 to <30 year

15 age group is divided in to male and female cohorts. Table 3-32 classifies the sample populations

16 of the four studies based on their source of fish (caught, bought, or a combination of both.); this

17 table presents data for consumers only.

18

19 3.4 FAT INTAKE

20 3.4.1. Bogalusa Heart Study

21 Cresenta et al. (1988), Nicklas (1993), and Frank et al. (1986) analyzed dietary fat intake data as

22 part of the Bogalusa heart study. The Bogalusa study, an epidemiologic investigation of

23 cardiovascular risk-factor variables and environmental determinants, has collected dietary data

24 on subjects residing in Bogalusa, LA, since 1973. Among other research, the study collected fat

25 intake data for children, adolescents, and young adults. Researchers have examined various

26 cohorts of subjects, including (1) six cohorts of 10-year olds, (2) two cohorts of 13-year olds, (3)

27 one cohort of subjects from 6 months to 4 years of age, and (4) one cohort of subjects from 10 to

28 17 years of age (Nicklas, 1995). To collect the data, interviewers used the 24-hour dietary recall

29 method. According to Nicklas (1995), “the diets of children in the Bogalusa study are similar to
3-19

1 those reported in national studies of children.” Thus, these data are useful in evaluating the

2 variability of fat intake among the general population for the purposes of evaluating variability in

3 exposure for dioxin-like or other lipophilic compounds among this group. Data for 6-month old

4 to 17-year old individuals collected during 1973 to 1982 are presented in Tables 3-33 and 3-34

5 (Frank et al., 1986). Data are presented for total fats, animal fats, vegetable fats, and fish fats in

6 units of g/day (Table 3-33) and g/kg/day (Table 3-34).

7 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 1994) used data from NHANES

8 III to calculate daily total food energy intake (TFEI), total dietary fat intake, and saturated fat

9 intake for the U.S. population during 1988 to 1991. The sample population comprised 20,277

10 individuals ages 2 months and above, of which 14,001 respondents (73 percent response rate)

11 provided dietary information based on a 24-hour recall. TFEI was defined as “all nutrients (i.e.,

12 protein, fat, carbohydrate, and alcohol) derived from consumption of foods and beverages

13 (excluding plain drinking water) measured in kilocalories (kcal).” Total dietary fat intake was

14 defined as “all fat (i.e., saturated and unsaturated) derived from consumption of foods and

15 beverages measured in grams” (CDC, 1994).

16 The authors estimated and provided data on the mean daily TFEI and the mean

17 percentages of TFEI from total dietary fat grouped by age and gender. The overall mean daily

18 TFEI for the total population was 2095 kcal, of which 34 percent (or 82 g) was from total dietary

19 fat. Based on this information, the mean daily fat intake was calculated for the various age

20 groups and genders (see Appendix 3C for detailed calculation). Table 3-35 presents the grams of

21 fat per day obtained from the daily consumption of foods and beverages grouped by age and

22 gender for the U.S. population, based on this calculation.

23 The advantage of this study is that it collected longitudinal data on children’s diet from

24 more than 20 years. One limitation of this data set is that it may not be representative of other

25 areas of the U.S. since it was not a national survey. In addition, the data are about 20 years old

26 and consumption patterns may have shifted.

27

28 3.4.2. U.S. EPA 2006

29 The U.S. EPA has conducted a study to characterize consumption of fat by individuals in
3-20

1 the United States. The study was conducted using the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

2 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) 1994, 96, 1998 databases, and the U.S.

3 EPA Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID). The fat contents of foods in the EPA’s

4 commodity code list were determined using the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard

5 Reference, Release 13 (USDA, 1999). The analyses included the quantification of the

6 consumption of fat from various sources, e.g., beef, oils, poultry, etc., within various

7 demographic groups. Percentiles of consumption of fat were calculated on the basis of total

8 mass and also on a unit of body weight basis for 12 different food categories and 98

9 demographic cohorts. Fat intake percentiles were also calculated for a subset of the sample

population whose consumption of animal fats exceeded the 90th 10 percentile within their age group. 

11

12 The advantage of this study is that it uses the latest information on consumption rate from

13 the USDA data. One disadvantage is that the analysis was conducted before EPA published the

14 recommended age groups for children. Therefore, the age groups presented in Tables 3-36 may

15 not be entirely consistent with the recommended age groups.

16

17 3.5 TOTAL DIETARY INTAKE AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO DIETARY INTAKE

18 Using data from the 1994-1996 CSFII, total dietary intake was also evaluated. Total

19 dietary intake was defined as intake of the sum of all foods in the following major food groups:

20 dairy, eggs, meats, fish, fats, grains, vegetables, and fruits, using the same foods codes as those

21 described in Appendix 3B, and the same method for allocation of mixtures as described in

22 Appendix 3A. Beverages; sugar, candy, and sweets, and nuts and nut products were not

23 included because they could not be categorized into the major food groups. Distributions of total

24 dietary intake were generated, as described previously, for various age groups. Means, standard

25 errors, and percentiles of total dietary intake were estimated in units of g/kg/day, as well as

26 g/day. 

27 To evaluate variability in the contributions of the major food groups to total dietary

28 intake, individuals were ranked from lowest to highest, based on total dietary intake. Three

29 subsets of individuals were defined, as follows: a group at the low end of the distribution of total
3-21

intake (i.e., below the 10th percentile of total intake), a central group (i.e., the 45th to 55th 1

2 percentile of total intake), and a group at the high end of the distribution of total intake (i.e.,

above the 90th 3 percentile of total intake). Mean total dietary intake (in grams/day and

4 grams/kg/day), mean intake of each of the major food groups (in grams/day and grams/kg/day),

5 and the percent of total dietary intake that each of these food groups represents was calculated

6 for each of the three populations (i.e., individuals with low-end, central, and high-end total

7 dietary intake). A similar analysis was conducted to estimate the contribution of the major food

8 groups to total dietary intake for individuals at the low-end, central, and high-end of the

9 distribution of total meat intake, total dairy intake, total meat and dairy intake, total fish intake,

10 and fruit and vegetable intake. For example, to evaluate the variability in the diets of individuals 

11 at the low-end, central range, and high-end of the distribution of total meat intake, survey

12 individuals were ranked according to their reported total meat intake. Three subsets of

13 individuals were formed as described above. Mean total dietary intake, intake of the major food

14 groups, and the percent of total dietary intake represented by each of the major food groups were

15 tabulated. This analysis was conducted for the following age groups of the population: <1 year,

16 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 6-11 years, and 12-19 years. The data were tabulated in units of g/kg/day

17 and g/day.

18 Distributions of total dietary intake are presented in Table 3-36 in units of g/day and

19 g/kg/day. Tables 3-37 and 3-38 compare total dietary intake to intake of the various major food

20 groups for the various age groups in units of g/day and g/kg/day. Tables 3-39 through 3-44

21 present the contributions of the major food groups to total dietary intake for individuals (in the

22 various age groups) at the low-end, central, and high-end of the distribution of total dietary

23 intake, total meat intake, total meat and dairy intake, total fish intake, total fruit and vegetable

24 intake, and total dairy intake in units of g/day and g/kg/day. Each of these tables concerns three

25 classes of consumers (low-end, mid-range, and high-end) of one class of food (all foods, meat,

26 meat and dairy, fish, fruit and vegetable, and dairy). For each of the three classes of consumers,

27 consumption of nine different food categories is presented. For example, in Table 3-40 one will

28 find the mean consumption of eggs, vegetables, etc. for individuals with an unusually high (or

29 low) consumption of meat.
3-22

1 In order to conform to the standard age categories used in this Handbook, each of the

2 tables from U.S. EPA (2000) has been modified by re-analyzing the source data and applying the

3 new age categories.

4

5 3.6 INTAKE OF HOME-PRODUCED FOODS

6 NFCS data were used to generate intake rates for home produced foods (U.S. EPA,

7 1997). USDA conducts the NFCS every 10 years to analyze the food consumption behavior and

8 dietary status of Americans (USDA, 1992). The most recent NFCS was conducted in 1987-88

9 (USDA, 1987-88) and has since been replaced with the CSFII. The survey used a statistical

10 sampling technique designed to ensure that all seasons, geographic regions of the 48

11 conterminous states in the U.S., and socioeconomic and demographic groups were represented

12 (USDA, 1994). There were two components of the NFCS. The household component collected

13 information over a seven-day period on the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of

14 households, and the types, amount, value, and sources of foods consumed by the household

15 (USDA, 1994). The individual intake component collected information on food intakes of

16 individuals within each household over a three-day period (USDA, 1993). The sample size for

17 the 1987-1988 survey was approximately 4,300 households (over 10,000 individuals). This is a

18 decrease over the previous survey conducted in 1977-1978 which sampled approximately 15,000

19 households (over 36,000 individuals) (USDA, 1994). The sample size was lower in the 1987-

20 1988 survey as a result of budgetary constraints and low response rate (38% for the household

21 survey and 31% for the individual survey) (USDA, 1993). However, NFCS data from 1987-

22 1988 were used to generate homegrown intake rates because they were the most recent data

23 available and were believed to be more reflective of current eating patterns among the U.S.

24 population.

25 The USDA data were adjusted by applying the sample weights calculated by USDA to

26 the data set prior to analysis. The USDA sample weights were designed to “adjust for survey

27 non-response and other vagaries of the sample selection process” (USDA, 1987-88). Also, the

28 USDA weights are calculated “so that the weighted sample total equals the known population

29 total, in thousands, for several characteristics thought to be correlated with eating behavior”
3-23

1 (USDA, 1987-88). 

2 For the purposes of this study, home produced foods were defined as homegrown fruits

3 and vegetables, meat and dairy products derived from consumer-raised livestock or game meat,

4 and home caught fish. The food items/groups selected for analysis included major food groups

5 such as total fruits, total vegetables, total meats, total dairy, total fish and shellfish. Individual

6 food items for which >30 households reported eating the home produced form of the item, fruits

7 and vegetables categorized as exposed, protected, and roots, and various USDA fruit and

8 vegetable subcategories (i.e., dark green vegetables, citrus fruits, etc.) were also evaluated for the

9 general population (U.S. EPA, 1997). However, age-specific data for children are not presented

10 here because of the small numbers of observations for children eating individual homegrown

11 foods in the data set. Food items/groups were identified in the NFCS data base according to

12 NFCS-defined food codes. Appendix 3D presents the codes and definitions used to determine

13 the various food groups.

14 Although the individual intake component of the NFCS gives the best measure of the

15 amount of each food group eaten by each individual in the household, it could not be used

16 directly to measure consumption of home produced food because the individual component does

17 not identify the source of the food item (i.e., as home produced or not). Therefore, an analytical

18 method which incorporated data from both the household and individual survey components was

19 developed to estimate individual home produced food intake. The USDA household data were

20 used to determine (1) the amount of each home produced food item used during a week by

21 household members and (2) the number of meals eaten in the household by each household

22 member during a week. Note that the household survey reports the total amount of each food

23 item used in the household (whether by guests or household members); the amount used by

24 household members was derived by multiplying the total amount used in the household by the

25 proportion of all meals served in the household (during the survey week) that were consumed by

26 household members.

27 The individual survey data were used to generate average sex- and age-specific serving

28 sizes for each food item. The age categories used in the analysis were as follows: 1 to 2 years;

29 3 to 5 years; 6 to 11 years; 12 to 19 years (intake rates were not calculated for children under 1;
3-24

1 the rationale for this is discussed below). These serving sizes were used during subsequent

2 analyses to generate homegrown food intake rates for individual household members. Assuming

3 that the proportion of the household quantity of each homegrown food item/group was a function

4 of the number of meals and the mean sex- and age-specific serving size for each family member,

5 individual intakes of home produced food were calculated for all members of the survey

6 population using SAS programming in which the following general equation was used:

7

8 w w (Eqn. 3-1) m q

m q

i f

i i

i i

i

n =

⎡

⎣

⎢

⎢

⎢

⎢

⎤

⎦

⎥

⎥

⎥

⎥ =

∑

1

9 where:

10 wi = Homegrown amount of food item/group attributed to member i during the week

11 (g/week);

12 wf = Total quantity of homegrown food item/group used by the family members

13 (g/week);

14 mi = Number of meals of household food consumed by member i during the week

15 (meals/week); and

16 qi = Serving size for an individual within the age and sex category of the member

17 (g/meal).

18

Daily intake of a homegrown food item/group was determined by dividing the weekly value (wi 19 )

20 by seven. Intake rates were indexed to the self-reported body weight of the survey respondent

21 and reported in units of g/kg-day. Intake rates were not calculated for children under one year of

22 age because their diet differs markedly from that of other household members, and thus the

23 assumption that all household members share all foods would be invalid for this age group. 
3-25

1 For the major food groups (fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy, and fish) consumed by at least

2 30 households, distributions of home produced intake among consumers were generated by age

3 group. Consumers were defined as members of survey households who reported consumption of

4 the food item/group of interest during the one week survey period. Finally, the percentages of

5 total intake of the food items/groups consumed within survey households that can be attributed to

6 home production were tabulated. The percentage of intake that was homegrown was calculated

7 as the ratio of total intake of the homegrown food item/group by the survey population to the total

8 intake of all forms of the food by the survey population. As discussed previously, percentiles of

9 average daily intake derived from short time intervals (e.g., 7 days) will not, in general, be

10 reflective of long term patterns.

11 The intake data presented here for consumers of home produced foods and the total

12 number of individuals surveyed may be used to calculate the mean and the percentiles of the

13 distribution of home produced food consumption in the overall population (consumers and non14 consumers) as follows:

Assuming that IRp is the homegrown intake rate of food item/group at the pth 15 percentile

and Nc is the weighted number of individuals consuming the homegrown food item, and NT 16 is the

weighted total number of individuals surveyed, then NT - Nc 17 is the weighted number of

individuals who reported zero consumption of the food item. In addition, there are (p/100 x Nc 18 )

individuals below the pth 19 percentile. Therefore, the percentile that corresponds to a particular

intake rate (IRp 20 ) for the overall distribution of homegrown food consumption (including

21 consumers and nonconsumers) can be obtained by:

22

23

( )

P

overall

th 100 x 

P

100

 x Nc NT Nc

NT

=

+ −

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟

(Eqn. 3-2)

24

Table 3-45 displays the weighted numbers NT 25 , as well as the unweighted total survey

26 sample sizes, for each subcategory and overall. It should be noted that the total unweighted
3-26

1 number of observations in Table 3-45 (9,852) is somewhat lower than the number of observations

2 reported by USDA because this study only used observations for family members for which age

3 and body weight were specified.

4 Table 3-46 presents homegrown intake rates for fruits, vegetables, meats, and fish,

5 respectively. As mentioned above, the intake rates derived in this section are based on the

6 amount of household food consumption. As measured by the NFCS, the amount of food

7 “consumed” by the household is a measure of consumption in an economic sense, i.e., a measure

8 of the weight of food brought into the household that has been consumed (used up) in some

9 manner. In addition to food being consumed by persons, food may be used up by spoiling, by

10 being discarded (e.g., inedible parts), through cooking processes, etc.

11 USDA estimated preparation losses for various foods (USDA, 1975). For meats, a net

12 cooking loss, which includes dripping and volatile losses, and a net post cooking loss, which

13 involves losses from cutting, bones, excess fat, scraps and juices, were derived for a variety of

14 cuts and cooking methods. For each meat type (e.g., beef) EPA has averaged these losses across

15 all cuts and cooking methods to obtain a mean net cooking loss and a mean net post cooking loss.

16 Mean values for all meats and fish are provided in Table 3-47. For individual fruits and

17 vegetables, USDA (1975) also gave cooking and post-cooking losses. These data, averaged

18 across all types of fruits and vegetables to give mean net cooking and post cooking losses are also

19 provided in Table 3-47.

20 The following formula can be used to convert the homegrown intake rates tabulated here

21 to rates reflecting actual consumption:

22

23 I

A =× × − I 1-L ( 1) (1 L2 ) (Eqn. 3-3)

24

25 where:

26

27 IA = the adjusted intake rate;

28 I = the tabulated intake rate;

L1 29 = the cooking or preparation loss; and 
3-27

L2 1 = the post-cooking loss. 

2

3 For fruits, corrections based on post-cooking losses only apply to fruits that are eaten in cooked

4 forms. For raw forms of the fruits, paring or preparation loss data should be used to correct for

5 losses from removal of skin, peel, core, caps, pits, stems, and defects, or draining of liquids from

6 canned or frozen forms. 

7 In calculating ingestion exposure, assessors should use consistent forms in combining

8 intake rates with contaminant concentrations, as previously discussed.

9

10 3.7 SERVING SIZE STUDY BASED ON THE USDA NFCS

11 Using data gathered in the 1977-1978 USDA NFCS, Pao et al. (1982) calculated

12 distributions for the quantities of individual fruit and vegetables consumed per eating occasion by

13 members of the U.S. population (i.e., serving sizes), over a 3-day period. The data were collected

14 during NFCS home interviews of 37,874 respondents, who were asked to recall food intake for

15 the day preceding the interview, and record food intake the day of the interview and the day after

16 the interview.

17 Serving size data are presented on an as consumed (g/eating occasion) basis in Table 3-48

18 for various age groups of the population. Only the mean and standard deviation serving size data

19 and percent of the population consuming the food during the 3-day survey period are presented in

20 this handbook. Percentiles of serving sizes of the foods consumed by these age groups of the U.S. 

21 population can be found in Pao et al. (1982).

22 The advantages of using these data are that they were derived from the USDA NFCS and

23 are representative of the U.S. population. This data set provides serving sizes for a number of

24 commonly eaten foods, but the list of foods is limited and does not account for fruits and

25 vegetables included in complex food dishes. Also, these data represent the quantity of foods

26 consumed per eating occasion. Although these estimates are based on USDA NFCS 1977-1978

27 data, serving size data have been collected but not published for the more recent USDA surveys. 

28 These estimates may be useful for assessing acute exposures to contaminants in specific foods, or

29 other assessments where the amount consumed per eating occasion is necessary. However, it
3-28

1 should be noted that serving sizes may have changed since the data were collected in 1977-1978.

2 Serving sizes can also be calculated directly from the USDA CSFII datasets that are

3 available on CD-ROM from NTIS. Default serving sizes that the USDA assumed when the

4 respondents did not know how much they ate are also on the CD-ROM.

5

6 3.8 CONVERSION BETWEEN “AS CONSUMED” AND DRY WEIGHT

7 INTAKE RATES

8 As noted previously, intake rates may be reported in terms of units as consumed or units

9 of dry weight. It is essential that exposure assessors be aware of this difference so that they may

10 ensure consistency between the units used for intake rates and those used for concentration data

11 (i.e., if the unit of food consumption is grams dry weight/day, then the unit for the amount of

12 pollutant in the food should be grams dry weight).

13 If necessary, as consumed intake rates may be converted to dry weight intake rates using

14 the moisture content percentages presented in Table 3-49 and Table 3-50 and the following

15 equation:

16

17 IRdw IR

ac = ⎡ −

⎣

⎢ ⎤

⎦

⎥

100

100

W

(Eqn. 3-4)

18

19 "Dry weight" intake rates may be converted to "as consumed" rates by using:

20

21 ( ) IRac 

IRdw = 100 −

100

W (Eqn. 3-5)

22 where:

23 IRdw = dry weight intake rate;

24 IRac = as consumed intake rate; and

25 W = percent water content.
3-29

1

2 3.9 FAT CONTENT OF MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

3 In some cases, the residue levels of contaminants in meat and dairy products are reported

4 as the concentration of contaminant per gram of fat. This may be particularly true for lipophilic

5 compounds. When using these residue levels, the assessor should ensure consistency in the

6 exposure assessment calculations by using consumption rates that are based on the amount of fat

7 consumed for the meat or dairy product of interest. Alternately, residue levels for the "as

8 consumed" portions of these products may be estimated by multiplying the levels based on fat by

9 the fraction of fat per product as follows:

10

11

residue level

g product residue levelg fat g fat

− g product = − × −− (Eqn. 3-6)

12

13 The resulting residue levels may then be used in conjunction with “as consumed” consumption

14 rates. The percentages of lipid fat in meat and dairy products have been reported in various

15 publications. USDA's Agricultural Handbook Number 8 (USDA, 1979-1986) provides

16 composition data for agricultural products. It includes a listing of the total saturated,

17 monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats for various meat and dairy items. Table 3-51 presents

18 the total fat content for selected meat and dairy products taken from Handbook Number 8. The

19 total percent fat content is based on the sum of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated

20 fats.

21 The National Livestock and Meat Board (NLMB) (1993) used data from Agricultural

22 Handbook Number 8 to estimate total fat content in grams, based on a 3-ounce (85.05 g) cooked

23 serving size, and the corresponding percent fat content values for several categories of meats

24 (Table 3-52). NLMB (1993) also reported that 0.17 grams of fat are consumed per gram of meat

25 (i.e., beef, pork, lamb, veal, game, processed meats, and variety meats) (17 percent) and 0.08

26 grams of fat are consumed per gram of poultry (8 percent).

27

28
3-30

1 3.10 RECOMMENDATIONS

2 The 1994-96 CSFII data described in this section were used in selecting recommended

3 intake rates for most food groups for general population children. For fish intake among general

4 population children, the 1994-96 and 1998 CSFII analyses were used to recommend intake rates. 

5 For recreational fish intake, the data for children are limited. Table 3-54 presents a summary of

6 the recommended values for food intake and Table 3-55 presents the confidence ratings for the

7 food intake (including fish) recommendations for general population children. Table 3-56 present

8 the confidence ratings for fish intake recommendations for the freshwater recreational population.

9 Fish consumption data for Native American children are limited. Three Native American

10 fish consumption studies were identified: Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission

11 (CRITIFC, 1994), A Fish Consumption Survey of the Tulalip and Squaxin Island Tribes of the

12 Puget Sound Region (Toy et al., 1996), and Fish Consumption Survey of the Sequamish Indian

13 Tribe of the Port Madison Indian Reservation, Puget Sound Region (The Suquamish Tribe, 2000). 

14 The means of these studies ranged from 11 to 25 g/day. The consumers only weighted mean

15 based on those three studies is 21 g/day for children <6 years of age. CRITFC (1994) and Toy et

16 al. (1996) did not present the distributions for consumers only. EPA calculated the consumers

17 only distributions based on the total number of the population surveyed and the reported

18 percentage of nonconsumers. Toy et al. (1996), however, only presented the mean, 50th, 75th,

19 and 90th percentile values of intake rates for the population of consumers and nonconsumers. 

20 When those percentiles are converted to consumers only, these result in the 32nd, 66th, and 86th

21 percentiles, respectively. Therefore, the 95th percentile cannot be estimated without the raw data. 

22 Based on CRITFC (1994) and the Suquamish Tribe (2000), the weighted 90th and 95th

23 percentiles for children <6 years of age are 60 g/day and 78 g/day, respectively. Table 3-57

24 presents the summary of intake rates for Native American children and Table 3-58 provides the

25 confidence ratings.

26 Per capita intake rates for specific food items, on a g/kg-day basis, may be obtained from

27 Tables 3-16 - 3-19. It is important to note that these distributions are based on data collected

28 over a 2-day period and may not necessarily reflect the long-term distribution of average daily

29 intake rates. However, for these broad categories of food, because they are eaten on a daily basis
3-31

1 throughout the year with minimal seasonality, the short term distribution may be a reasonable

2 approximation of the long-term distribution, although it will display somewhat increased

3 variability. This implies that the upper percentiles shown here will tend to overestimate the

4 corresponding percentiles of the true long-term distribution. These tables also do not include the

5 data from the 1998 Children’s supplement to the 1994-96 CSFII. 

6
3-32

1 3.11 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3

2

3 CDC. (1994) Dietary fat and total food-energy intake. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

4 Phase 1, 1988-1991. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, February 25, 1994: 43(7)118-125.

5

6 Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC). (1994) A fish consumption survey of the Umatilla, Nez

7 Perce, Yakama and Warm Springs tribes of the Columbia River Basin. Technical Report 94-3. Portland, OR: 

8 CRIFTC.

9

10 Cresanta, J.L.; Farris, R.P.; Croft, J.B.; Frank, G.C.; Berenson, G.S. (1988) Trends in fatty acid intakes of 10-year11 old children, 1973-1982. Journal of American Dietetic Association. 88:178-184.

12

13 Frank, G.C.; Webber, L.S.; Farris, R.P.; Berenson, G.S. (1986) Dietary databook: quantifying dietary intakes of

14 infants, children, and adolescents, the Bogalusa heart study, 1973-1983. National Research and Demonstration

15 Center - Arteriosclerosis, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.

16

17 Goldman, L. (1995) Children - unique and vulnerable. Environmental risks facing children and recommendations for

18 response. Environmental Health Perspectives. 103(6):13-17.

19

20 National Livestock and Meat Board (NLMB). (1993) Eating in America today: A dietary pattern and intake report. 

21 National Livestock and Meat Board. Chicago, IL.

22

23 Nicklas, T.A. (1995) Dietary studies of children: The Bogalusa Heart Study experience. Journal of the American

24 Dietetic Association. 95:1127-1133.

25

26 Nicklas, T.A.; Webber, L.S.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Berenson, G.S. (1993) Secular trends in dietary intakes and

27 cardiovascular risk factors in 10-y-old children: the Bogalusa heart study (1973-1988). American Journal of

28 Clinical Nutrition. 57:930-937.

29

30 Pao, E.M.; Fleming, K.H.; Guenther, P.M.; Mickle, S.J. (1982) Foods commonly eaten by individuals: amount per

31 day and per eating occasion. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Home Economics Report No. 44.

32

33 SAS Institute, Inc. (1990) SAS Procedures Guide, Version 6, Third Edition, Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc., 1990,

34 705 pp.

35

36 The Suquamish Tribe. (2000) Fish consumption survey of the Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Indian

37 Reservation, Puget Sound Region. Suquamish, WA: The Suquamish Tribe.

38

39 Tippett, K.S.; Cypel, Y.S. (eds). (1997) Design and operation: the continuing survey of food intakes by individuals

40 and the diet and health knowledge survey, 1994-96. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research

41 Service, Nationwide Food Surveys Report No. 96-1, 197 pp.

42

43 Toy, K.A.; Polissar, N.L.; Liao, S.; Mittelstaedt, G.D. (2000) A fish consumption survey of the Tulalip and Squaxin

44 Island Tribes of the Puget Sound Region. Margsville, WA: Tulalip Tribes, Department of Environment.

45

46 Tsang, A.M.; Klepeis, N.E. (1996) Results tables from a detailed analysis of the National Human Activity Pattern

47 Survey (NHAPS) response. Draft Report prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Lockheed

48 Martin, Contract No. 68-W6-001, Delivery Order No. 13.
3-33

1 USDA. (1975) Food yields summarized by different stages of preparation. Agricultural Handbook No. 102. 

2 Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service.

3

4 USDA. (1979-1986) Agricultural Handbook No. 8. United States Department of Agriculture.

5

6 USDA. (1987-88) Dataset: Nationwide Food Consumption Survey 1987/88 Household Food Use. U.S. Department

7 of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. 1987/88 NFCS Database.

8

9 USDA. (1992) Changes in food consumption and expenditures in American households during the 1980's. U.S.

10 Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. Statistical Bulletin No. 849.

11

12 USDA. (1993) Food and nutrient intakes by individuals in the United States, 1 Day, 1987-88. Nationwide Food

13 Consumption Survey 1987-88, NFCS Report No. 87-I-1.

14

15 USDA. (1994) Food consumption and dietary levels of households in the United States, 1987-88. U.S. Department

16 of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Report No. 87-H-1.

17

18 USDA. (1995) Food and nutrient intakes by individuals in the United States, 1 day, 1989-91. U.S. Department of

19 Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NFS Report No. 91-2.

20

21 USDA. (1998) 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) and 1994-96 Diet and Health

22 Knowledge Survey (DKHS). CD-ROM. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 

23 Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

24

25 USDA. (1999) Food and nutrient intakes by children 1994-96, 1998: Table Set 17. Beltsville, MD: Food Surveys

26 Research Group, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department

27 of Agriculture.

28

29 U.S. EPA. (1996) Daily average per capita fish consumption estimates based on the combined USDA 1989, 1990 and

30 1991 continuing survey of food intakes by individuals (CSFII) 1989-91 data. Volumes I and II. Preliminary

31 Draft Report. Washington, DC: Office of Water.

32

33 U.S. EPA. (1997) Exposure Factors Handbook. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development. EPA/600/P34 95/002F.

35

36 U.S. EPA. (2003) CSFII Analysis of Food Intake Distributions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of

37 Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington Office, Washington,

38 DC, EPA/600/R-03/029, 2003.

39

40 U.S. EPA. (2006) Analysis of Fat Intake Based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s 1994–96, 1998 Continuing

41 Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII).Office of Research and Development, National Center for

42 Environmental Assessment, Washington Office, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-05/021F

43

44
3-34

1 West, P.C.; Fly, M.J.; Marans, R.; Larkin, F. (1989) Michigan sport anglers fish consumption survey. A report to the

2 Michigan Toxic Substance Control Commission. Michigan Department of Management and Budget Contract

3 No. 87-20141.

4
3-35

Table 3-1. Grain Products: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Consumption, grams per daya

Total

Yeast,

breads,

and rolls

Cereals and Pasta Quick

breads,

pancakes,

French

toast

Cakes,

cookies,pastries,

pies

Total Ready-toeat cereals Rice Pasta

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

56

192219206242264284264219

2

1626213036413627

2

1626213036413627

1

1116131922242216

29

15121315171513

1b

9

12111211111110

19

12111617151612

3

1622192330332922

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

310318406

454654

778082

283129

181627

151817

232326

394049

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

284280306

434340

616267

212017

121419

151522

181915

424237

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

250298

3440

6469

2022

1417

1215

1618

3036

Note: consumption amounts shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.Source: USDA, 1999
3-36

Table 3-2. Grain Products: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Percent consuminga

Total

Yeast,

breads,

and rolls

Cereals and Pasta Quick

breads,

pancakes,

French

toast

Cakes,

cookies,pastries,

pies

Total Ready-toeat cereals Rice Pasta

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

70.6

98.2b

99.0b

98.7

99.4b

99.5b99.9b99.6b

95.8

10.948.458.753.764.167.069.266.855.5

62.870.671.170.969.769.170.469.769.3

9.1

45.351.948.753.354.854.954.346.9

3.4

11.314.412.911.111.411.411.310.9

2.19.49.49.48.67.16.87.57.5

4.4

23.027.525.328.828.625.227.524.0

16.547.046.646.846.152.352.450.345.0

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

98.9b

99.0b98.2b

69.869.162.7

62.664.044.6

50.852.433.2

10.5

9.7

10.0

7.48.15.9

28.127.124.4

52.552.341.3

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

99.7b

99.3b97.6b

71.571.060.9

61.259.345.9

47.645.630.3

9.09.48.6

7.97.19.3

26.327.119.8

57.155.040.6

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

97.297.6

61.662.4

66.457.6

47.941.7

10.5

9.9

7.67.6

25.324.2

48.946.1

Note: percentages shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.Source: USDA, 1999
3-37

Table 3-3. Vegetables: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Consumption, grams per daya

Total

White Potatoes

Dark Green

Vegetables

Deep

Yellow

Vegetables

Tomatoes

Lettuce,

lettucebased

salads

Green

beans

Total Fried

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

577987839197

103

9788

9

2632293437443831

1

1117141719222016

254556454

19

95755657

1 b

7

11

9

1311121210

*b

12123332

687755656

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

110115176

475085

262744

456

556

161628

55

12

553

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

110116145

424661

222531

559

444

141518

67

12

554

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

97

125

3753

1927

46

66

1217

37

65

Note: consumption amounts shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.

* value less than 0.5, but greater than 0.

Source: USDA, 1999
3-38

Table 3-4. Vegetables: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Percent Consuminga

Total

White Potatoes

Dark Green

Vegetables

Deep

Yellow

Vegetables

Tomatoes

Lettuce,

lettucebased

salads

Green

beans

Total Fried

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

47.2

3.3

78.475.980.580.783.081.475.4

12.340.446.743.646.747.350.748.242.3

4.3

25.234.529.934.734.838.335.930.1

2.36.47.67.07.07.24.66.36.1

20.513.310.511.810.712.013.312.013.0

1.8

18.030.824.634.133.036.534.527.2

0.2b

3.97.55.78.3

10.013.410.6

7.6

7.8

13.711.512.610.1

9.0

10.4

9.9

10.5

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

78.879.378.2

47.948.749.5

38.038.438.6

6.36.13.6

12.512.4

8.0

38.238.743.0

13.113.923.8

7.86.73.5

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

80.581.779.5

48.250.846.4

36.338.934.6

5.95.47.0

11.911.410.6

33.833.535.3

15.817.125.1

8.47.84.4

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

77.178.3

44.646.8

32.935.3

6.15.6

12.711.2

30.734.6

10.316.6

9.67.0

Note: percentages shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.Source: USDA, 1999
3-39

Table 3-5. Fruits: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Consumption, grams per daya

Total

Citrus Fruits and Juices

Dried

 fruits

Other fruits, mixtures, and ju

Total Juices Total Apples Bananas Melons

and

berries

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

131267276271256243218239237

4

4765566162555952

4

4256495152444944

*b

22211

*b

11

126216207212191177160176182

142227242731313026

102320221817141617

1 b

8

10

9

1314131310

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

194183174

5867

102

516094

*b

*b

1 b

133113

70

322813

1111

8

2116

11 b

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

180169157

636472

545467

1 b

*b*b

113103

83

232113

10

85

10

8

15

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

217191

5570

4762

11

159118

2721

1511

1212

Note: consumption amounts shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.

* value less than 0.5, but greater than 0.

Source: USDA, 1999
3-40

Table 3-6. Fruits: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Percent Consuminga

Total

Citrus Fruits and Juices

Dried

 fruits

Other fruits, mixtures, and ju

Total Juices Total Apples Bananas Melons

and berries

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

59.781.076.678.874.572.667.671.672.6

3.6

23.630.627.227.928.026.927.624.6

2.7

19.023.421.321.421.819.520.918.8

0.4b

5.95.35.64.13.0

1.3b

2.83.5

59.073.064.768.864.262.156.961.063.5

15.723.424.023.722.423.721.922.722.2

13.325.120.222.617.515.712.615.317.6

1.86.98.57.77.87.67.47.66.9

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

59.056.544.5

24.825.224.7

20.521.621.7

0.8b

1.1b1.0b

49.144.227.1

20.318.2

8.2

8.78.06.0

7.36.64.1

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

64.962.145.6

27.927.722.4

22.321.518.1

1.5b

1.1b1.1b

50.447.230.2

17.316.2

8.2

8.87.34.4

7.47.46.0

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

68.357.8

25.224.8

19.820.1

2.51.8

58.044.4

20.915.2

14.0

9.7

7.16.2

Note: percentages shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.Source: USDA, 1999
3-41

Table 3-7. Milk and Milk Products: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Consumption, grams per daya

Total

Milk, milk drinks, yogurt

Total Fluid Milk 

Yogurt

Total Whole Lowfat Skim

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

762546405474419407417414477

757526377450384369376376447

61

475344408347328330335327

49

347181262166147137150177

11

115141128150149159153127

*b

5 b

17112627252618

4

1410121010

9

1010

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

450450409

405402358

343335303

127121

99

176172158

293340

66

3 b

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

380382269

337336220

288283190

105108

66

146136

92

262930

44

4 b

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

453405

417362

323291

153121

141135

2229

86

Note: consumption amounts shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.

* value less than 0.5, but greater than 0.

Source: USDA, 1999
3-42

Table 3-8. Milk and Milk Products: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Percent Consuminga

Total

Milk, milk drinks, yogurt

Total Fluid Milk 

Yogurt

Total Whole Lowfat Skim

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

85.495.391.693.494.393.293.193.592.5

84.692.787.390.088.387.886.487.588.0

11.187.784.386.084.685.081.283.675.7

8.3

61.744.853.042.541.338.140.641.0

2.4

26.536.331.539.540.441.740.632.9

0.21.55.23.46.87.76.57.04.9

3.1

10.0

6.88.47.35.85.56.26.6

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

93.292.381.3

85.584.665.8

80.779.059.6

32.430.822.6

44.343.130.7

8.69.57.0

3.83.71.7

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

90.290.275.4

82.581.554.0

77.576.049.7

31.533.217.5

40.837.823.9

8.18.49.5

2.93.02.2

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

92.286.7

86.475.6

77.168.1

37.430.1

36.833.1

6.37.5

5.33.8

Note: percentages shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.Source: USDA, 1999
3-43

Table 3-9. Meat, Poultry, and Fish: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Consumption, grams per daya

Total Beef Pork

Lamb,

veal, 

game

Organ

meats

Frankfurters,

sausages,

luncheon

meats

Poultry 

Total Chicken 

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

24809487

101115121112

93

1 b

5768

101411

8

*b

26466665

*b

*b*b*b*b*b*b

**

*b

*b*b*b*b*b*b*b*b

2

1318151922222117

3

1217151920222116

2

1216141819191915

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

151154250

181930

77

12

*b

*b

1 b

*b*b

0

242428

232231

212026

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

121130158

171821

455

*b

*b*b

*b*b*b

181915

192021

161719

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

110152

1218

57

*

*b

*b*b

1920

1822

1719

Note: consumption amounts shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.

* value less than 0.5, but greater than 0.

Source: USDA, 1999
3-44

Table 3-10. Meat, Poultry, and Fish: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Percent Consuminga

Total Beef Pork

Lamb, veal, 

game

Organ

meats

Frankfurter

s, sausages,

luncheon

meats

Poultry 

Total Chicken

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

26.077.485.281.486.286.287.186.577.5

2.1

11.916.214.113.816.118.216.013.7

1.1 b

7.3

14.911.213.313.813.213.411.2

0.2 b

0.8 b0.8 b0.8 b0.5 b0.5 b0.6 b

0.50.6

0.2 b

0.2 b0.2 b0.2 b

*b

0.2 b0.2 b0.2 b0.2 b

6.1

26.333.229.936.437.035.136.130.4

6.3

24.027.625.828.327.427.727.824.5

5.0

23.125.624.426.025.124.825.322.6

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

87.487.886.8

20.122.024.2

11.912.215.8

0.4 b

0.4 b0.6 b

0.1b

 0.2 b

0.0

37.436.231.8

24.822.920.6

22.320.517.6

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

84.686.580.1

19.420.222.0

9.2

10.011.2

0.4 b

0.4 b0.1 b

0.2 b0.1 b0.1 b

33.533.124.6

23.122.921.6

20.219.818.9

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

80.982.8

16.119.6

10.912.1

0.50.4

0.2 b

0.1 b

24.322.7

24.322.7

22.020.1

Note: percentages shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.Source: USDA, 1999
3-45

Table 3-11. Eggs, Legumes, Nuts and Seeds, Fats and Oils, Sugars and Sweets: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per ca

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Consumption, grams per daya

Eggs Legumes

Nuts

and

seeds

Fats and oils 

Total Table fats Salad

dressings

Total 

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

3

1318161313131313

151

2612191315121332

*b

24355654

*23345554

*12222222

*b

11122322

2

1322183133333223

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

111222

111317

555

87

12

333

449

464235

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

101113

141214

553

77

10

332

347

414131

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

1214

2420

44

58

22

35

3233

Note: consumption amounts shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.

* value less than 0.5, but greater than 0.

Source: USDA, 1999
3-46

Table 3-12. Eggs, Legumes, Nuts and Seeds, Fats and Oils, Sugars and Sweets: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Percent Consuminga

Eggs Legumes

Nuts

and

seeds

Fats and oils 

Total Table fats Salad

dressings

Total 

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

6.7

22.827.325.119.816.916.417.718.9

18.712.710.911.811.112.511.211.612.5

1.1 b

12.416.814.720.520.421.120.716.3

6.0

31.541.136.442.144.344.743.736.6

5.3

25.630.928.330.230.329.029.826.4

0.7 b

7.5

14.010.815.618.120.117.913.4

6.9

39.350.244.957.558.457.357.747.2

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

15.115.617.0

9.39.8

10.9

17.015.7

8.7

48.146.943.1

30.829.020.8

24.024.627.7

61.359.646.7

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

13.413.315.0

12.711.010.7

18.717.2

7.8

52.349.345.6

33.331.023.9

23.023.428.6

61.060.346.3

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

17.116.4

11.911.2

16.913.2

42.043.2

28.625.9

17.522.4

52.850.8

Note: percentages shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.

* value less than 0.5, but greater than 0.

Source: USDA, 1999
3-47

Table 3-13. Beverages: Mean Quantities consumed daily by sex and age, per capita

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Consumption, grams per daya

Total

Alcoholic Non-alcoholic

Total Wine

Beer

and

 ale

Total Coffee Tea

Fruit drinks and ades 

Total Regular Low

calorie

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

19

120196159240268299269201

0000

*b

*b

0

*b

*b

00000

*b

0

*b

*b

0000

*b

00

*b

*b

19

120196159240268299269201

0

*b

*b*b

1 b

*b

111

2 b

1521181820282218

1579

113

96

137141149143111

7

69

100

85

126130140132101

3 b

7

11 b

988

6 b

88

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

385413995

*b

*b

44 b

00

1 b

00

40 b

385413951

2 b

2 b

21

3939

114

163155205

145137158

171744

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

322370645

*b

*b

8 b

00

1 b

00

6 b

322370637

1 b

2 b

14 b

323493

135134134

126125113

78

20

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

263502

G

*b

10

*b

*b

G

*b

9 b

263492

18

2557

127144

115124

9

19

Note: consumption amounts shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.

* value less than 0.5, but greater than 0.

Source: USDA, 1999
3-48

Table 3-14. Beverages: Percentage of individuals consuming, by sex and age

Sex and Age

(years)

Sample

Size

Percent Consuminga

Total

Alcoholic Non-alcoholic

Total Wine

Beer

and

 ale

Total Coffee Tea

Fruit drinks and ades 

Total Regular Low

calorie

Males and Females: Under 1 1 2 1 to 2 3 4 5 3 to 5 5 and under

112610161102211818311859

884

45747818

8.4

40.857.149.161.667.870.966.853.7

0.00.00.00.0

0.1 b

*b

0.0

*b

*b

0.00.00.00.00.0

*b

0.0

*b

*b

0.00.00.00.0

0.1 b

0.00.0

*b

*b

8.4

40.857.149.161.667.870.966.853.7

0.0

0.1 b

0.3 b0.2 b0.7 b0.6 b0.8 b

0.70.5

1.4 b

5.97.46.66.57.49.17.76.6

6.5

27.734.030.938.941.238.839.632.6

3.8

24.631.228.036.638.437.337.430.1

1.2 b

2.73.02.82.52.62.22.42.4

Males: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

787

1031

737

73.274.287.4

0.3 b

0.2 b

2.9

0.00.0

0.3 b

0.00.0

2.3 b

73.274.286.9

0.9 b

1.2 b

6.1

8.88.9

16.2

41.639.028.4

38.135.423.7

5.34.85.6

Females: 6 to 9 6 to 11 12 to 19

704969732

69.472.887.0

0.2 b

0.1 b1.8 b

0.00.0

0.4 b

0.00.0

0.9 b

69.472.886.7

0.7 b

0.8 b

3.7

10.410.719.2

37.936.227.2

35.633.923.9

1.9 b

2.14.0

All individuals:  9 and under 19 and under

9309

11287

60.772.8

0.11.0

G

*b

0.1 b

G

*b

0.6

60.772.7

0.62.4

7.8

11.9

35.532.3

32.829.1

2.93.7

Note: percentages shown are representative of the first day of each participant’s survey response.

a Estimates are based on combined data from 1994-96 and 1998.b See “Statistical Notes,” Appendix 3E.Source: USDA, 1999
3-49

Table 3-15. Unweighted Number of Observations, 1994/96 CSFII Analysis

Age Group

Number of

Observations

birth to <1 mo. 15

1 to <3 mo. 65

3 to <6 mo. 119

 6 to <12 mo. 160

1 to <2 yr. 663

2 to <3 yr. 642

3 to <6 yr. 1435

6 to <11 yr. 1189

11 to <16 yr. 1005

16 to <21 yr. 745
3-50

Table 3-16. Per Capita Intake of the Major Food Groups (g/kg-day as consumed)

Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

Dairy

birth to <1 mo. 60.0% * * * * * * * * * * * 1 to <3 mo. 69.2% 1.6e+02 1.4e+01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.5e+02 1.8e+02 2.2e+02 2.4e+02 2.7e+02 3.1e+02 33 to <6 mo. 84.0% 1.1e+02 7.4e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.6e-01 6.2e+01 1.3e+02 1.7e+02 2.0e+02 2.3e+02 2.8e+02 2 6 to <12 mo. 91.3% 8.3e+01 3.7e+00 0.0e+00 4.9e-02 1.0e+01 5.9e+01 8.3e+01 1.1e+02 1.3e+02 1.7e+02 1.9e+02 21 to <2 yr. 96.3% 3.8E+01 9.0E-01 0.0E+00 3.3E-01 6.0E+00 1.8E+01 3.3E+01 5.0E+01 7.7E+01 9.1E+01 1.3E+02 1.2 to <3 yr. 95.0% 3.6E+01 8.4E-01 0.0E+00 4.0E-01 5.8E+00 2.0E+01 3.6E+01 5.6E+01 7.3E+01 9.7E+01 1.5E+02 1.3 to <6 yr. 92.9% 2.1e+01 4.0e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.5e+00 1.0e+01 1.9e+01 2.9e+01 4.1e+01 4.9e+01 6.6e+01 96 to <11 yr. 92.8% 1.5e+01 3.2e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.2e+00 7.2e+00 1.3e+01 2.1e+01 2.9e+01 3.5e+01 4.5e+01 811 to <16 yr. 96.1% 7.7e+00 2.1e-01 0.0e+00 1.8e-01 6.1e-01 2.9e+00 6.4e+00 1.1e+01 1.6e+01 2.0e+01 3.2e+01 316 to <21 yr. 97.9% 5.6E+00 2.4E-01 0.0E+00 2.6E-01 3.9E-01 2.0E+00 5.0E+00 7.1E+00 1.3E+01 1.6E+01 2.1E+01 

Meat

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% * * * * * * * * * * * 

1 to <3 mo. 0.0% * * * * * * * * * * * 3 to <6 mo. 10.1% * * * * * * * * * * * 

 6 to <12 mo. 65.0% 2.3e+00 2.6e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.3e-02 1.4e+00 3.4e+00 6.0e+00 8.6e+00 1.2e+01 1

1 to <2 yr. 94.4% 4.2E+00 1.4E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.6E-01 1.8E+00 4.0E+00 6.2E+00 9.1E+00 1.0E+01 1.6E+01 2.2 to <3 yr. 93.6% 4.6E+00 1.1E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.9E-01 2.0E+00 4.1E+00 5.5E+00 9.0E+00 1.1E+01 1.6E+01 2.3 to <6 yr. 92.2% 4.1e+00 8.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.7e-01 2.1e+00 3.8e+00 5.6e+00 7.8e+00 9.4e+00 1.3e+01 2

6 to <11 yr. 91.7% 3.0e+00 6.9e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.1e-01 1.4e+00 2.6e+00 4.1e+00 5.7e+00 7.1e+00 1.0e+01 1

11 to <16 yr. 96.5% 2.3e+00 5.0e-02 0.0e+00 2.4e-01 5.5e-01 1.2e+00 2.0e+00 3.0e+00 4.2e+00 5.2e+00 7.8e+00 116 to <21 yr. 98.5% 2.1E+00 5.3E-02 0.0E+00 2.6E-01 5.0E-01 1.5E+00 1.8E+00 2.9E+00 4.1E+00 4.4E+00 5.6E+00 8.

Fish

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% * * * * * * * * * * * 

1 to <3 mo. 0.0% * * * * * * * * * * * 3 to <6 mo. 8.4% * * * * * * * * * * * 

 6 to <12 mo. 40.6% 2.2e-01 7.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.6e-01 5.3e-01 8.7e-01 4.7e+00 4

1 to <2 yr. 56.6% 3.5E-01 5.5E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.0E-02 4.0E-01 9.0E-01 2.0E+00 7.0E+00 1.2 to <3 yr. 59.8% 3.9E-01 5.6E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.0E-02 3.0E-01 8.2E-01 1.6E+00 6.3E+00 1.3 to <6 yr. 56.4% 3.2e-01 3.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.9e-02 2.4e-01 6.6e-01 1.7e+00 4.6e+00 9

6 to <11 yr. 57.4% 2.7e-01 2.8e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.9e-02 1.8e-01 4.8e-01 1.6e+00 4.2e+00 6

11 to <16 yr. 60.9% 2.2e-01 2.2e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.4e-02 1.8e-01 4.7e-01 1.2e+00 3.1e+00 516 to <21 yr. 66.0% 1.9E-01 2.9E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.5E-01 2.2E-01 4.0E-01 7.0E-01 3.1E+00 4.
3-51

Table 3-16. Per Capita Intake of the Major Food Groups (g/kg-day as consumed) (continued)

Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

Grain

birth to <1 mo. 6.7% - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 to <3 mo. 13.8% 2.1e-01 2.8e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.1e-01 1.6e+00 2.8e+00 

3 to <6 mo. 64.7% 1.6e+00 3.2e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.4e-01 2.4e+00 4.4e+00 5.9e+00 1.1e+01 

 6 to <12 mo. 91.3% 7.7e+00 6.2e-01 0.0e+00 2.3e-02 1.0e+00 2.4e+00 5.2e+00 1.0e+01 2.1e+01 2.4e+01 3.3e+01 

1 to <2 yr. 96.3% 9.0E+00 3.2E-01 0.0E+00 1.4E+00 2.8E+00 6.2E+00 1.0E+01 1.5E+01 2.1E+01 2.4E+01 3.8E+01 2 to <3 yr. 94.9% 1.3E+01 2.8E-01 0.0E+00 1.7E+00 4.0E+00 6.8E+00 1.1E+01 1.5E+01 2.2E+01 2.5E+01 3.8E+01 3 to <6 yr. 93.1% 1.0e+01 2.0e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.7e+00 6.3e+00 9.2e+00 1.3e+01 1.8e+01 2.1e+01 3.4e+01 

6 to <11 yr. 92.9% 7.5e+00 1.4e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.5e+00 4.5e+00 7.0e+00 9.7e+00 1.3e+01 1.6e+01 2.0e+01 

11 to <16 yr. 97.0% 5.0e+00 9.7e-02 0.0e+00 1.3e+00 1.9e+00 2.9e+00 4.4e+00 6.5e+00 8.8e+00 1.1e+01 1.5e+01 

16 to <21 yr. 97.9% 5.6E+00 9.0E-02 2.2E-01 1.3E+00 1.8E+00 2.6E+00 3.9E+00 5.1E+00 6.6E+00 8.9E+00 1.6E+01 

Vegetable

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 to <3 mo. 1.5% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 34.5% 4.1e+00 1.1e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.7e+00 1.7e+01 1.9e+01 3.0e+01 

 6 to <12 mo. 86.3% 1.2e+01 9.1e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.0e-01 5.9e+00 1.1e+01 1.5e+01 2.4e+01 2.9e+01 4.9e+01 

1 to <2 yr. 95.2% 9.6E+00 2.9E-01 0.0E+00 4.0E-01 1.1E+00 2.5E+00 5.8E+00 9.0E+00 1.2E+01 2.1E+01 4.1E+01 2 to <3 yr. 95.5% 9.4E+00 3.3E-01 0.0E+00 5.0E-01 1.2E+00 4.0E+00 6.0E+00 1.5E+01 1.9E+01 2.6E+01 5.6E+01 3 to <6 yr. 92.7% 7.3e+00 1.6e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.3e+00 3.4e+00 6.2e+00 9.7e+00 1.4e+01 1.8e+01 2.9e+01 

6 to <11 yr. 92.7% 5.5e+00 1.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.0e+00 2.5e+00 4.5e+00 7.3e+00 1.1e+01 1.4e+01 2.1e+01 

11 to <16 yr. 96.8% 4.2e+00 9.9e-02 0.0e+00 5.8e-01 1.2e+00 2.3e+00 3.6e+00 5.5e+00 7.9e+00 9.8e+00 1.5e+01 

16 to <21 yr. 97.9% 3.6E+00 8.0E-02 0.0E+00 1.5E-01 4.0E-01 8.9E-01 2.5E+00 5.1E+00 6.6E+00 1.2E+01 1.6E+01 

Fruit

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 to <3 mo. 7.7% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 54.6% 1.3e+01 2.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.1e+00 2.1e+01 4.0e+01 4.3e+01 6.3e+01 

 6 to <12 mo. 83.8% 2.0e+01 1.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.6e+00 1.9e+01 2.6e+01 3.7e+01 4.4e+01 6.7e+01 

1 to <2 yr. 85.2% 2.0E+01 5.9E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.0E+00 1.1E+01 2.5E+01 6.0E+01 6.9E+01 8.1E+01 2 to <3 yr. 85.8% 1.8E+01 6.9E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.4E+00 8.7E+00 1.9E+01 4.8E+01 5.9E+01 8.8E+01 3 to <6 yr. 79.0% 1.1e+01 3.4e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.3e+00 8.1e+00 1.6e+01 2.6e+01 3.3e+01 5.3e+01 

6 to <11 yr. 70.6% 5.7e+00 2.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.6e+00 8.6e+00 1.4e+01 1.9e+01 2.9e+01 

11 to <16 yr. 67.8% 3.4e+00 1.6e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.0e+00 5.3e+00 9.3e+00 1.3e+01 1.8e+01 

16 to <21 yr. 57.9% 3.6E+00 2.0E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.1E-01 8.9E-01 5.9E+00 8.6E+00 1.3E+01 

N = sample size; PC = percent consuming; SE = standard error; P1...P100 = percentiles.
3-52

Table 3-17. Per Capita Intake of Individual Foods (g/kg-day as consumed)

Age Group MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC 

Apples Asparagus Bananas Beets 

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1 to <3 mo. 8.3e-01 1.5e+00 6.2% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 5.6e-02 3.7e-01 1.5% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 7.8e+00 2.2e+00 36.1% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 6.4e-01 4.4e-01 16.0% 2.0e-03 4.0e-02 0.8%  6 to <12 mo. 9.7e+00 1.2e+00 63.1% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 2.0e+00 5.2e-01 35.6% 6.7e-02 5.1e-01 0.6% 1 to <2 yr. 7.9e+00 5.5e-01 53.2% 1.1e-02 9.9e-02 0.6% 1.9e+00 2.5e-01 38.0% 5.0e-03 7.0e-02 0.4% 2 to <3 yr. 8.1e+00 5.1e-01 56.9% 1.6e-02 1.1e-01 0.9% 1.5e+00 2.3e-01 31.9% 3.3e-03 7.4e-02 0.5% 3 to <6 yr. 4.1e+00 2.7e-01 47.7% 9.0e-03 4.1e-02 0.7% 7.1e-01 9.5e-02 20.8% 1.2e-02 5.1e-02 0.6% 6 to <11 yr. 1.6e+00 1.6e-01 35.0% 1.6e-02 7.8e-02 0.8% 3.8e-01 8.5e-02 14.4% 4.0e-03 4.0e-02 0.3% 11 to <16 yr. 7.0e-01 1.1e-01 23.1% 3.0e-03 2.7e-02 0.4% 1.5e-01 4.4e-02 11.0% 2.0e-03 2.0e-02 0.3% 16 to <21 yr. 5.6e+00 1.8e-01 22.2% 5.0e-03 2.2e-02 0.6% 7.2e-02 5.3e-02 7.0% 1.0e-03 2.0e-02 0.3% 

Cabbage Carrots Corn Cucumbers 

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 

1 to <3 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 8.2e-02 9.2e-01 1.5% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1.2e+00 9.2e-01 10.9% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%  6 to <12 mo. 4.9e-02 3.0e-01 1.3% 6.7e-01 3.5e-01 18.8% 3.5e-01 5.1e-01 5.0% 1.0e-03 1.7e-02 0.6% 1 to <2 yr. 7.3e-02 9.0e-02 3.6% 6.3e-02 5.1e-02 16.9% 4.4e-01 1.3e-01 18.6% 9.1e-02 9.4e-02 7.0% 2 to <3 yr. 6.9e-02 1.1e-01 4.0% 1.2e+00 4.7e-01 20.7% 4.8e-01 1.5e-01 18.4% 8.7e-02 8.8e-02 6.9% 3 to <6 yr. 9.9e-02 6.0e-02 5.7% 1.8e-01 4.3e-02 15.1% 4.3e-01 7.1e-02 19.2% 1.3e-01 5.9e-02 11.2% 6 to <11 yr. 7.2e-02 4.3e-02 6.9% 1.5e-01 3.1e-02 18.8% 3.4e-01 5.1e-02 22.0% 1.2e-01 4.3e-02 14.6% 11 to <16 yr. 3.9e-02 3.3e-02 5.6% 8.1e-02 3.4e-02 13.6% 1.8e-01 4.2e-02 16.0% 1.1e-01 4.9e-02 14.2% 16 to <21 yr. 2.2e-02 3.3e-02 3.0% 2.1e-02 1.5e-02 9.1% 1.1e-01 3.4e-02 10.6% 7.8e-02 4.4e-02 15.5% 

Lima Beans Okra Onions Other Berries 

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1 to <3 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%  6 to <12 mo. 1.0e-03 1.2e-02 0.6% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1.4e-02 2.0e-01 0.6% 1.1e-02 9.9e-02 0.6% 1 to <2 yr. 7.0e-02 1.8e-02 56.6% 1.1e-02 4.9e-02 1.0% 1.8e-02 2.6e-02 3.9% 7.4e-02 3.2e-02 1.4% 2 to <3 yr. 7.8e-02 2.5e-02 59.8% 9.1e-03 4.8e-02 1.1% 2.0e-02 2.5e-02 4.4% 7.2e-02 2.8e-02 1.6% 3 to <6 yr. 1.0e-02 4.4e-02 0.8% 6.0e-03 8.4e-02 0.3% 2.2e-02 2.1e-02 4.7% 3.4e-02 8.4e-02 1.7% 6 to <11 yr. 2.0e-02 6.7e-02 1.1% 6.0e-03 3.6e-02 0.5% 2.6e-02 2.0e-02 6.7% 3.3e-02 6.8e-02 1.9% 11 to <16 yr. 7.0e-03 4.1e-02 0.6% 2.0e-03 1.6e-02 0.6% 4.6e-02 2.0e-02 10.0% 1.7e-02 4.1e-02 1.7% 16 to <21 yr. 1.0e-03 2.1e-02 0.3% 7.0e-03 4.5e-02 1.1% 4.4e-02 2.1e-02 15.4% 1.5e-02 1.3e-01 0.8% 
Table 3-17. Per Capita Intake of Individual Foods (g/kg-day as consumed) (continued)

Age Group MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC 

3-53

Pears Peas Peppers Pumpkins 

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 

1 to <3 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 1.7e+00 8.6e-01 16.8% 4.9e-01 5.1e-01 8.4% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 5.0e-01 6.0e-01 8.4%  6 to <12 mo. 1.8e+00 7.1e-01 20.6% 9.7e-01 4.6e-01 14.4% 2.0e-03 2.0e-02 0.6% 6.1e-01 6.0e-01 10.6% 1 to <2 yr. 4.1e-01 1.6e-01 8.8% 2.8e-01 7.2e-02 12.6% 8.0e-03 1.6e-02 1.5% 5.3e-02 1.8e-02 1.1% 2 to <3 yr. 3.7e-01 1.6e-01 8.1% 2.4e-01 7.2e-02 12.0% 6.1e-03 1.7e-02 1.6% 5.5e-02 1.9e-02 0.9% 3 to <6 yr. 1.8e-01 1.1e-01 5.0% 1.6e-01 5.4e-02 9.1% 1.8e-02 2.3e-02 3.1% 3.0e-03 3.4e-02 0.3% 6 to <11 yr. 1.2e-01 8.1e-02 5.3% 1.3e-01 5.6e-02 8.3% 1.6e-02 1.5e-02 4.4% 1.0e-03 1.9e-02 0.2% 11 to <16 yr. 3.8e-02 5.1e-02 2.5% 7.1e-02 4.5e-02 6.3% 2.1e-02 1.7e-02 6.3% 0.0e+00 1.6e-02 0.1% 16 to <21 yr. 1.7e-01 5.0e-02 1.6% 3.0e-02 4.7e-02 4.0% 1.9e-02 1.6e-02 8.4% 6.0e-03 8.0e-02 0.3% 

Strawberries Tomatoes White Potatoes Breads 

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1 to <3 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 2.8e-01 4.7e-01 8.4% 2.2e-01 2.4e-01 11.8% 2.4e-02 1.1e-01 2.5%  6 to <12 mo. 1.5e-02 1.2e-01 1.3% 9.3e-01 1.2e-01 58.1% 1.0e+00 2.1e-01 53.1% 5.3e-01 1.6e-01 31.9% 1 to <2 yr. 1.2e-02 1.1e-01 4.4% 2.2e+00 8.5e-02 88.3% 2.2e+00 1.2e-01 78.8% 2.0e+00 6.6e-02 77.7% 2 to <3 yr. 2.3e-01 1.4e-01 4.4% 2.0e+00 9.0e-02 89.3% 2.2e+00 1.1e-01 76.0% 2.0e+00 6.6e-02 76.0% 3 to <6 yr. 9.6e-02 8.1e-02 4.4% 1.7e+00 5.9e-02 87.7% 2.0e+00 8.5e-02 77.6% 2.3e+00 5.4e-02 85.6% 6 to <11 yr. 6.6e-02 6.0e-02 4.5% 1.2e+00 4.2e-02 89.1% 1.6e+00 6.7e-02 78.2% 1.7e+00 4.5e-02 86.5% 11 to <16 yr. 3.6e-02 3.8e-02 3.8% 9.9e-01 3.2e-02 92.6% 1.3e+00 5.1e-02 84.5% 1.2e+00 3.5e-02 88.4% 16 to <21 yr. 3.0e-02 3.5e-02 4.1% 1.1e+00 5.1e-02 97.6% 1.1e+00 9.0e-02 82.2% 9.8e-01 4.0e-02 83.2% 

Cereals (Baby) Cereals (Cooked) Cereals (Ready-to-Eat) Pasta 

birth to <1 mo. 2.1e-02 9.5e-02 6.7% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 

1 to <3 mo. 2.1e-01 2.8e-01 13.8% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 1.3e+00 3.2e-01 60.5% 9.4e-02 7.2e-01 0.8% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%  6 to <12 mo. 2.5e+00 4.5e-01 67.5% 1.9e+00 1.2e+00 11.9% 1.3e-01 6.8e-02 19.4% 1.4e-01 2.2e-01 5.6% 1 to <2 yr. 1.5e-01 9.8e-02 6.5% 1.6e+00 4.4e-01 16.8% 9.6e-01 4.3e-02 61.0% 8.0e-01 1.6e-01 16.3% 2 to <3 yr. 1.7e-01 9.8e-02 6.4% 1.6e+00 3.8e-01 16.4% 9.8e-01 4.9e-02 69.2% 8.0e-01 2.3e-01 16.0% 3 to <6 yr. 4.0e-03 5.5e-02 0.3% 1.3e+00 2.8e-01 14.7% 1.1e+00 3.8e-02 68.5% 5.5e-01 1.3e-01 12.5% 6 to <11 yr. 0.0e+00 2.0e-03 0.1% 5.2e-01 2.0e-01 9.1% 8.2e-01 3.5e-02 63.3% 4.9e-01 1.2e-01 12.4% 11 to <16 yr. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 2.0e-01 1.1e-01 7.2% 4.9e-01 2.9e-02 53.6% 2.9e-01 9.5e-02 11.7% 16 to <21 yr. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 6.7e-02 1.4e-01 3.4% 3.3e-01 3.6e-02 0.4% 2.2e-01 1.1e-01 12.4% 
Table 3-17. Per Capita Intake of Individual Foods (g/kg-day as consumed) (continued)

Age Group MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC 

3-54

Snacks (Grains) Sweets (Grains) Beef Eggs 

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1 to <3 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 2.9e-02 1.5e-01 3.4% 2.0e-02 4.7e-02 3.4% 1.2e-01 1.4e-01 9.2% 4.2e-02 8.6e-02 9.2%  6 to <12 mo. 2.7e-01 8.4e-02 28.8% 3.2e-01 1.4e-01 21.3% 1.0e+00 1.5e-01 58.1% 8.4e-01 2.1e-01 58.1% 1 to <2 yr. 7.1e-01 5.6e-02 53.3% 1.1e+00 8.5e-02 50.9% 1.3e+00 6.6e-02 85.4% 1.3e+00 7.2e-02 88.7% 2 to <3 yr. 7.7e-01 4.1e-02 61.8% 1.3e+00 8.4e-02 57.0% 1.5e+00 4.8e-02 92.5% 1.1e+00 5.8e-02 88.8% 3 to <6 yr. 7.0e-01 4.2e-02 54.5% 1.3e+00 6.4e-02 62.1% 1.3e+00 4.2e-02 86.1% 6.5e-01 3.7e-02 84.5% 6 to <11 yr. 4.9e-01 3.5e-02 50.8% 1.2e+00 6.3e-02 63.5% 1.1e+00 4.0e-02 87.2% 4.2e-01 2.8e-02 84.8% 11 to <16 yr. 3.1e-01 2.6e-02 49.0% 7.2e-01 4.0e-02 58.9% 9.0e-01 3.1e-02 91.7% 3.0e-01 2.0e-02 89.6% 16 to <21 yr. 3.3e-01 4.1e-02 48.1% 5.9e-01 5.5e-02 56.6% 8.3e-01 3.5e-02 95.5% 5.6e+00 2.2e-02 97.9% 

Pork Poultry Butter Margarine 

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1 to <3 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3 to <6 mo. 1.1e-02 1.4e-02 8.4% 4.4e-02 5.9e-02 8.4% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 3.0e-03 2.1e-02 0.8%  6 to <12 mo. 9.2e-02 3.0e-02 29.0% 7.2e-01 1.5e-01 61.9% 3.0e-03 9.0e-03 2.5% 6.0e-03 1.6e-02 4.4% 1 to <2 yr. 3.6e-01 3.2e-02 84.4% 1.3e+00 5.4e-02 86.3% 3.1e-02 1.4e-02 12.1% 7.4e-02 1.2e-02 28.9% 2 to <3 yr. 4.4e-01 3.4e-02 89.1% 1.5e+00 7.9e-02 93.1% 3.7e-02 1.3e-02 13.9% 7.2e-02 1.2e-02 31.3% 3 to <6 yr. 3.8e-01 2.4e-02 84.5% 1.3e+00 4.7e-02 88.1% 4.2e-02 1.0e-02 14.2% 8.5e-02 9.0e-03 31.6% 6 to <11 yr. 2.7e-01 1.8e-02 84.3% 8.6e-01 3.6e-02 87.2% 3.4e-02 9.0e-03 15.4% 6.6e-02 8.0e-03 32.2% 11 to <16 yr. 2.3e-01 1.5e-02 89.4% 6.5e-01 2.9e-02 91.9% 2.0e-02 6.0e-03 13.6% 4.0e-02 6.0e-03 26.0% 16 to <21 yr. 2.0e-01 2.1e-02 91.9% 5.8e-01 3.1e-02 95.0% 7.0e-03 4.8e-03 8.2% 2.5e-02 6.5e-03 23.3% 
Age Group MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC MEAN SE PC 

3-55

Mayonnaise Sauce Vegetable Oil Animal Fat

birth to <1 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%1 to <3 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%3 to <6 mo. 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 6 to <12 mo. 1.0e-03 7.0e-03 1.3% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1.0e-02 8.3e-02 1.3% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%1 to <2 yr. 2.4e-02 1.3e-02 7.8% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0% 1.0e-03 2.2e-02 0.4% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%2 to <3 yr. 2.4e-02 1.3e-02 7.8% 4.0e-03 3.2e-02 0.8% 1.0e-03 2.2e-02 0.5% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%3 to <6 yr. 3.7e-02 8.0e-03 15.0% 3.0e-03 1.6e-02 0.8% 2.0e-03 7.0e-03 0.7% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%6 to <11 yr. 2.9e-02 6.0e-03 16.6% 3.0e-03 1.5e-02 0.8% 1.0e-03 8.0e-03 0.5% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%11 to <16 yr. 3.4e-02 7.0e-03 19.9% 3.0e-03 1.8e-02 0.7% 0.0e+00 4.0e-03 0.4% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%16 to <21 yr. 4.0e-03 7.0e-03 21.9% 3.0e-03 1.3e-02 0.8% 0.0e+00 9.3e-04 0.3% 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0%

PC = percent consuming; SE = standard error.
3-56

Table 3-18. Per Capita Intake of USDA Categories of Vegetables and Fruits (g/kg-day as consumed)

Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

Dark Green Vegetables

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 to <3 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

 6 to <12 mo. 3.8% - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 to <2 yr. 12.6% 3.0E-01 1.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.1E-01 2.1E+00 5.4E+00 2 to <3 yr. 12.5% 3.6E-01 1.4E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 8.7E-01 2.5E+00 6.3E+00 3 to <6 yr. 10.9% 2.0e-01 6.3e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.2e-01 1.5e+00 4.1e+00 

6 to <11 yr. 9.4% 1.5e-01 6.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.1e-01 9.9e-01 3.7e+00 

11 to <16 yr. 10.5% 1.4e-01 4.9e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.2e-01 1.1e+00 2.7e+00 16 to <21 yr. 11.1% 5.6E+00 8.4E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.6E-01 2.8E+00 

Deep Yellow Vegetables

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 1.7% - - - - - - - - - - -  6 to <12 mo. 8.8% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <2 yr. 15.4% 2.1E-01 9.4E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.4E-01 2.2E+00 4.6E+00 2 to <3 yr. 15.0% 3.5E-01 1.0E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.7E-01 2.5E+00 5.1E+00 3 to <6 yr. 16.9% 2.4e-01 5.1e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.2e-01 1.7e+00 4.3e+00 6 to <11 yr. 20.3% 1.8e-01 3.5e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.7e-01 1.2e+00 2.4e+00 11 to <16 yr. 14.6% 9.5e-02 3.5e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.2e-01 6.8e-01 1.8e+00 16 to <21 yr. 11.1% 4.8E-02 2.8E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.1E-01 1.1E+00 

Other Vegetables

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 4.2% - - - - - - - - - - -  6 to <12 mo. 21.3% 8.7e-01 4.2e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.7e+00 5.1e+00 1.1e+01 1 to <2 yr. 63.3% 1.9E+00 1.7E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.0E-01 2.3E+00 7.0E+00 9.4E+00 1.3E+02 to <3 yr. 61.5% 2.5E+00 1.7E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.9E-01 2.9E+00 6.6E+00 1.1E+01 1.7E+03 to <6 yr. 64.5% 1.7e+00 9.1e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.1e-01 2.2e+00 4.7e+00 7.2e+00 1.3e+01 6 to <11 yr. 66.3% 1.4e+00 7.8e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.3e-01 1.9e+00 3.7e+00 5.2e+00 1.0e+01 11 to <16 yr. 69.4% 9.0e-01 5.1e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.5e-01 1.3e+00 2.4e+00 3.5e+00 5.8e+00 
Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

3-57

16 to <21 yr. 66.0% 6.9E-01 6.2E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.3E-01 1.1E+00 1.7E+00 3.1E+00 6.6E+00 

Citrus Fruits

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 1.7% - - - - - - - - - - -  6 to <12 mo. 8.8% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <2 yr. 37.3% 3.3E+00 3.5E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.5E+00 1.2E+01 1.8E+01 3.0E+02 to <3 yr. 38.0% 4.7E+00 5.5E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.9E+00 1.3E+01 2.2E+01 3.9E+03 to <6 yr. 38.9% 2.9e+00 2.2e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.7e+00 9.3e+00 1.3e+01 2.1e+01 6 to <11 yr. 33.9% 1.9e+00 1.9e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.8e+00 6.4e+00 9.8e+00 1.7e+01 11 to <16 yr. 40.7% 1.7e+00 1.5e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.6e+00 5.5e+00 8.4e+00 1.4e+01 16 to <21 yr. 31.9% 5.6E+00 2.1E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.1E+00 3.6E+00 7.3E+00 1.3E+0

Other Fruits

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 7.7% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 53.8% 1.3e+01 2.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.1e+00 2.1e+01 4.0e+01 4.3e+01 6.3e+01  6 to <12 mo. 81.3% 1.9e+01 1.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.8e+00 1.8e+01 2.6e+01 3.7e+01 4.3e+01 6.4e+01 1 to <2 yr. 78.7% 1.3E+01 7.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.4E+00 1.1E+01 2.3E+01 3.8E+01 4.2E+01 6.7E+02 to <3 yr. 80.5% 1.7E+01 5.1E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.2E+00 1.2E+01 2.6E+01 4.3E+01 4.8E+01 7.3E+03 to <6 yr. 71.4% 8.1e+00 3.1e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.9e+00 1.2e+01 2.1e+01 2.7e+01 4.4e+01 6 to <11 yr. 62.3% 3.7e+00 1.9e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.1e+00 5.4e+00 9.8e+00 1.4e+01 2.2e+01 11 to <16 yr. 49.8% 1.7e+00 1.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.9e-01 2.4e+00 5.3e+00 7.7e+00 1.3e+01 16 to <21 yr. 42.1% 1.3E+00 1.9E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.7E+00 4.4E+00 5.7E+00 1.0E+0

N = sample size; PC = percent consuming; SE = standard error; P1...P100 = percentiles.
3-58

Table 3-19. Per Capita Intake of Exposed/Protected Fruit and Vegetable Categories (g/kg-day as consumed)

Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

Exposed Fruits

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 6.2% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 46.2% 1.1e+01 2.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.4e+00 2.0e+01 3.8e+01 4.1e+01 6.3e+ 6 to <12 mo. 75.0% 1.4e+01 1.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.4e+00 1.2e+01 1.9e+01 3.3e+01 3.7e+01 6.4e+1 to <2 yr. 68.0% 9.0E+00 6.6E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.6E+00 1.5E+01 2.2E+01 4.1E+01 6.2E+2 to <3 yr. 69.3% 1.3E+01 6.2E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.9E+00 1.5E+01 3.5E+01 3.6E+01 7.3E+3 to <6 yr. 60.7% 5.6e+00 2.8e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.7e+00 8.1e+00 1.6e+01 2.2e+01 3.5e+6 to <11 yr. 49.9% 2.4e+00 1.6e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.9e-02 3.4e+00 6.7e+00 9.3e+00 1.8e+11 to <16 yr. 37.2% 1.1e+00 1.1e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.5e+00 3.6e+00 5.9e+00 9.7e+16 to <21 yr. 32.2% 8.2E-01 1.5E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.0E+00 3.1E+00 4.3E+00 6.9E+

Protected Fruits

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 1.5% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 19.3% 8.5e-01 4.5e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.2e+00 6.1e+00 1.0e+ 6 to <12 mo. 45.6% 3.1e+00 5.8e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.4e+00 8.3e+00 1.1e+01 2.7e+1 to <2 yr. 60.8% 6.1E+00 3.4E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.6E+00 8.7E+00 1.4E+01 2.3E+01 3.9E+2 to <3 yr. 63.4% 6.7E+00 3.5E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.7E+00 9.9E+00 2.0E+01 2.4E+01 4.8E+3 to <6 yr. 54.5% 4.4e+00 2.2e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.1e+00 6.7e+00 1.2e+01 1.7e+01 2.8e+6 to <11 yr. 48.6% 2.8e+00 1.9e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.5e-01 4.1e+00 8.6e+00 1.2e+01 2.0e+11 to <16 yr. 50.9% 2.1e+00 1.5e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.2e-01 3.1e+00 6.4e+00 9.5e+00 1.5e+16 to <21 yr. 11.1% 4.8E-02 2.2E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.2E+00 3.9E+00 9.5E+00 1.4E+

Exposed Vegetables

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 1.5% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 8.4% - - - - - - - - - - -  6 to <12 mo. 33.8% 2.0e+00 4.9e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.1e+00 5.8e+00 1.0e+01 1.5e+1 to <2 yr. 63.3% 2.0E+00 1.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.8E-01 2.5E+00 5.7E+00 6.9E+00 1.4E+2 to <3 yr. 63.6% 2.0E+00 1.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.7E-01 2.7E+00 7.1E+00 8.7E+00 1.5E+3 to <6 yr. 68.2% 1.6e+00 8.3e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.7e-01 2.2e+00 4.4e+00 6.4e+00 1.3e+6 to <11 yr. 70.2% 1.2e+00 6.4e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.0e-01 1.6e+00 3.4e+00 4.8e+00 8.5e+
Table 3-19. Per Capita Intake of Exposed/Protected Fruit and Vegetable Categories (g/kg-day as consumed) (continued)

Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

3-59

11 to <16 yr. 74.9% 1.0e+00 5.4e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.7e-02 5.4e-01 1.4e+00 2.7e+00 3.7e+00 6.9e+16 to <21 yr. 66.0% 6.9E-01 7.1E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.1E-02 4.6E-01 1.3E+00 2.3E+00 4.5E+00 6.6E+

Protected Vegetables

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 16.0% - - - - - - - - - - -  6 to <12 mo. 30.6% 2.2e+00 5.5e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.3e+00 7.3e+00 9.6e+00 2.0e+1 to <2 yr. 40.2% 1.2E+00 1.4E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.8E+00 4.4E+00 5.6E+00 1.4E+2 to <3 yr. 42.7% 1.8E+00 1.6E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.1E+00 4.6E+00 8.3E+00 1.6E+3 to <6 yr. 38.8% 1.1e+00 9.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.4e+00 3.5e+00 5.4e+00 1.0e+6 to <11 yr. 39.4% 7.8e-01 7.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.1e+00 2.6e+00 3.9e+00 7.0e+11 to <16 yr. 35.5% 5.8e-01 7.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.5e-01 1.8e+00 2.9e+00 6.3e+16 to <21 yr. 26.8% 1.1E+00 5.7E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.3E-02 1.2E+00 1.9E+00 3.3E+

Root Vegetables

birth to <1 mo. 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 1.5% - - - - - - - - - - - 3 to <6 mo. 19.3% 1.7e+00 7.9e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.2e+00 9.6e+00 2.1e+ 6 to <12 mo. 53.1% 2.8e+00 4.5e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.0e-01 4.6e+00 8.0e+00 1.0e+01 1.7e+1 to <2 yr. 68.6% 2.5E+00 1.8E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.3E+00 2.9E+00 5.6E+00 8.0E+00 1.7E+2 to <3 yr. 67.9% 2.7E+00 1.4E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.5E+00 4.1E+00 6.8E+00 8.0E+00 2.0E+3 to <6 yr. 71.1% 2.2e+00 9.1e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.4e+00 3.2e+00 5.5e+00 7.1e+00 1.4e+6 to <11 yr. 72.7% 1.7e+00 7.1e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.0e+00 2.4e+00 4.3e+00 5.6e+00 9.5e+11 to <16 yr. 77.5% 1.3e+00 5.6e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.7e-01 9.1e-01 1.8e+00 3.3e+00 4.3e+00 6.4e+16 to <21 yr. 75.1% 1.3E+00 1.1E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.9E-01 1.7E+00 3.4E+00 4.5E+00 1.0E+

N = sample size; PC = percent consuming; SE = standard error; P1...P100 = percentiles.
3-60

Table 3-20. Per Capita Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and Gender - As Consumed

Age (years)

Sample

Size

Mean

(g/day)

90th %

(g/day)

95th %

(g/day)

99th %

(g/day)

Sample

Size

Mean

(mg/kgday)

90th %

(mg/kgday)

95th %

(mg/kgday)

99th %

(mg/kgday)

Freshwater and Estuarine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

5182

2332

1.56

4.28

0.00

5.05

5.83

23.93

40.03

82.86

4879

2275

55.95

66.86

0.00

74.47

207.69

380.13

1515.50

1329.44

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

5277

2382

2.09

5.67

0.00

10.38

6.55

38.56

60.75

112.70

4994

2369

65.04

71.82

0.00

130.79

279.17

480.81

1767.05

1350.22

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

10459

4714

1.83

4.97

0.00

8.58

6.04

31.67

51.67

98.87

9873

4644

60.59

69.35

0.00

104.26

230.11

431.37

1689.38

1335.45

Marine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

5182

3332

3.60

7.03

10.75

27.90

28.12

48.06

61.31

96.97

4879

2275

146.57

113.78

380.98

423.46

1027.57

768.09

2818.50

1648.49

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

5277

2382

4.34

9.41

11.81

36.62

29.08

72.81

84.35

127.44

4994

2369

154.18

118.18

425.66

443.64

1081.22

879.88

2678.35

1642.99

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

10459

4714

3.98

8.22

10.78

28.15

28.16

56.58

78.95

115.67

9873

4644

150.45

116.02

413.20

440.37

1037.35

829.65

2691.79

1651.83

All Fish

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

5182

3332

5.15

11.31

18.90

41.23

37.46

66.33

80.21

143.38

4879

2275

202.52

180.63

692.68

640.94

1344.33

1040.45

3297.06

2291.55

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

5277

2382

6.43

15.08

21.05

58.44

42.19

89.07

114.26

177.18

4994

2369

219.22

190.00

744.58

756.08

1469.91

1164.80

3391.54

2237.99

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

10459

4714

5.80

13.20

19.41

49.98

38.21

82.87

96.52

162.57

9873

4644

211.04

185.37

713.36

714.19

1428.56

1138.91

3354.29

2289.93

Notes: 

Sample size varies between (g/day) and (g/kg/day) results because 757 individuals did not report body weight. 

Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

Source: U.S. EPA, 2002
3-61

Table 3-21. Consumers Only Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and Gender - As Consumed

Age (years)

Sample

Size

Mean

(g/day)

90th %

(g/day)

95th %

(g/day)

99th %

(g/day)

Sample

Size

Mean

(mg/kgday)

90th %

(mg/kgday)

95th %

(mg/kgday)

99th %

(mg/kgday)

Freshwater and Estuarine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

445

325

31.68

55.37

79.88

125.85

110.96

189.40

185.36

341.36

410

315

1198.44

872.32

3166.98

2107.98

4928.91

3152.59

9105.83

5738.45

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

442

361

41.67

66.63

121.53

165.04

161.92

226.29

260.79

336.88

419

358

1299.30

840.99

3556.09

2182.03

4494.57

2819.26

8713.70

4379.23

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

887

686

36.80

61.28

103.07

157.82

146.79

217.05

260.02

342.58

829

673

1251.41

855.40

3456.18

2136.28

4680.61

3071.35

8792.31

5794.98

Marine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

670

412

48.72

70.97

98.09

158.48

135.87

181.47

196.22

286.72

629

403

1987.63

1147.44

4377.73

2403.82

5766.68

3150.91

8184.79

4773.68

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

677

412

59.48

99.08

144.55

186.07

168.78

232.50

265.11

403..84

643

409

2084.20

1241.82

4734.23

2448.26

5490.19

2985.42

9003.82

4674.21

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

1347

824

54.14

84.95

119.13

172.00

162.27

213.65

238.23

343.65

1272

812

2037.18

1194.89

4646.42

2441.99

5664.47

3045.63

8610.50

4816.60

All Fish

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

836

554

54.15

82.50

112.47

170.78

155.41

221.67

237.49

336.48

779

541

2182.90

1317.33

4786.46

2635.97

6217.80

3610.69

10394.59

5712.40

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

836

565

69.09

111.90

156.98

210.56

227.46

296.12

275.95

427.92

788

561

2354.71

1408.52

5096.68

2769.98

6711.74

3489.58

9181.61

5611.79

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

1672

1119

61.70

97.24

138.41

195.07

168.65

255.98

271.43

404.02

1567

1102

2271.12

1363.41

4958.73

2727.87

6530.88

3583.16

10389.18

5693.65

Notes: 

Sample size varies between (g/day) and (g/kg/day) results because 757 individuals did not report body weight. 

Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

Source: U.S. EPA, 2002
3-62

Table 3-22. Per Capita Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and Gender - Uncooked Fish

Weight

Age (years)

Sample

Size

Mean

(g/day)

90th %

(g/day)

95th %

(g/day)

99th %

(g/day)

Sample

Size

Mean

(mg/kgday)

90th %

(mg/kgday)

95th %

(mg/kgday)

99th %

(mg/kgday)

Freshwater and Estuarine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

5182

2332

2.29

5.78

0.00

6.31

13.08

32.37

58.83

109.79

4879

2275

82.71

90.60

0.00

107.16

443.06

481.55

2179.30

1818.06

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

5277

2382

2.99

7.86

0.00

15.63

13.48

49.65

79.03

151.19

4994

2369

94.66

99.29

0.00

201.26

534.35

622.93

2350.62

1910.17

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

10459

4714

2.64

6.82

0.00

13.04

13.10

43.58

73.70

135.88

9873

4644

88.57

94.97

0.00

149.92

485.27

558.30

2246.02

1893.18

Marine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

5182

2332

5.21

8.95

18.84

37.51

40.12

61.69

81.31

120.58

4879

2275

212.38

145.95

591.82

556.98

1531.85

994.57

3707.87

2055.92

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

5277

2382

5.95

12.00

16.98

41.71

39.66

90.15

113.31

151.51

4994

2369

213.80

149.62

608.64

576.30

1541.64

1113.00

3602.96

1990.35

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

10459

4714

5.59

10.48

18.66

37.85

40.20

75.25

103.42

137.12

9873

4644

213.34

147.83

605.96

568.19

1543.24

1051.60

3693.50

2023.01

All Fish

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

5182

2332

7.50

14.73

28.50

53.62 

55.23

85.18

103.90

189.90

4879

2275

295.09

236.56

1045.62

834.58

2037.62

1361.81

4548.26

3112.74

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

5277

2382

8.95

19.86

31.46

76.98

56.45

118.58

165.24

242.66

4994

2369

308.46

248.90

1121.95

982.03

2135.68

1532.92

4518.43

3010.93

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

10459

4714

8.23

17.30

29.04

64.57

56.29

107.74

127.15

211.26

9873

4644

301.91

242.80

1072.09

938.01

2089.18

1451.26

4538.78

3094.21

Notes: 

Sample size varies between (g/day) and (g/kg/day) results because 757 individuals did not report body weight. 

Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

Source: U.S. EPA, 2002
3-63

Table 3-23. Consumers Only Distribution of Fish (Finfish and Shellfish) Intake by Age and Gender - Uncooked Fish

Weight

Age (years)

Sample

Size

Mean

(g/day)

90th %

(g/day)

95th %

(g/day)

99th %

(g/day)

Sample

Size

Mean

(mg/kgday)

90th %

(mg/kgday)

95th %

(mg/kgday)

99th %

(mg/kgday)

Freshwater and Estuarine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

445

325

46.59

75.01

117.47

172.90

172.05

273.59

242.69

502.92

410

315

1775.84

1184.72

4396.58

2921.90

6855.37

4260.21

11544.27

8154.42

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

442

361

60.04

92.59

158.10

235.64

199.26

305.44

381.31

495.00

419

358

1894.98

1166.53

4706.50

2998.34

5905.22

4014.59

12628.17

6534.31

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

887

686

53.37

84.22

144.29

205.48

195.72

295.34

380.99

504.38

829

673

1833.54

1174.70

4512.39

2977.52

5985.99

4125.11

12389.21

8580.49

Marine

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

670

412

70.80

90.76

134.27

188.19

183.24

240.72

239.96

376.46

629

403

2893.06

1474.84

6279.04

3101.95

7898.74

3926.90

10514.45

6491.00

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

677

412

81.36

126.79

197.63

240.29

230.55

279.08

353.11

568.12

643

409

2885.20

1579.39

6243.86

3063.48

8067.74

3736.28

11870.51

7102.85

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

1347

824

76.20

108.69

160.62

224.79

219.95

269.82

334.78

483.48

1272

812

2892.24

1527.49

6290.16

3092.59

8046.90

3871.96

11507.42

6897.59

All Fish

Females

14 or under

15 - 44

836

554

79.05

107.86

158.21

220.54

204.64

315.06

371.82

494.94

779

541

3201.90

1728.30

6835.88

3436.71

8808.04

5044.65

13906.69

8011.49

Males

14 or under

15 - 44

836

565

96.24

147.65

224.70

271.88

335.51

381.38

390.29

635.79

788

561

3314.34

1850.62

7401.75

3599.47

8720.25

4461.34

13024.79

7621.43

Both Sexes

14 or under

15 - 44

1672

1119

87.74

127.81

191.38

254.73

248.87

357.58

380.95

608.62

1567

1102

3259.63

1790.11

7119.82

3548.94

8758.28

4805.84

13954.57

7838.99

Notes: 

Sample size varies between (g/day) and (g/kg/day) results because 757 individuals did not report body weight. 

Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

Source: U.S. EPA, 2002
3-64

Table 3-24. Number of Respondents Reporting Consumption of a Specified Number of Servings of Seafood in 1

Month and Source of Seafood Eaten

Age Group Total

N

Number of Servings in a Month Source of Seafood

0 1-2 3-5 6-10 11-19 20+ DK

Mostly

Purchased

Mostly

Caught DK

0 to <1 year

1 to <2 years

2 to <3 years

3 to <6 years

6 to <11 years

11 to <16 years

16 to <21 years

34

49

59

169

224

236

220

27

30

34

80

117

128

110

5

12

12

42

45

50

41

2

4

7

26

36

42

37

0

2

4

13

12

6

18

0

0

1

1

4

1

4

0

0

0

1

3

1

2

0

1

1

6

7

8

8

7

15

24

78

98

98

96

0

3

1

8

4

3

5

0

1

0

3

5

7

9

Note: DK = Don’t know; N = Sample size.

Source: EPA analysis of data used by Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 (NHAPS).
3-65

Table 3-25. Mean Fish Intake Among Individuals Who Eat Fish and Reside in Households With Recreational Fish

Consumption

Age Group

(years)

 meals per week 

(All Fish)

meals per week

(Recreational Fish ) N

Total Fish

grams/day

Recreational

Fish

grams/day

Total Fish

grams/

kg/day

Recreational

Fish grams/ 

kg/day

1 to 5 0.463 0.223 121 11.4 5.63 0.737 0.369

6 to 10 0.49 0.278 151 13.6 7.94 0.481 0.276

11 to 20 0.407 0.229 349 12.3 7.27 0.219 0.123

N = sample size.

Source: U.S. EPA analysis using data from West et al., 1989.
3-66

Table 3-26. Fish Consumption Rates among Native American Children (age 5 years and under)

Number of Grams/Day Unweighted Cumulative Percent

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.6

2.4

3.2

4.1

4.9

6.5

8.1

9.7

12.2

13.0

16.2

19.4

20.3

24.3

32.4

48.6

64.8

72.9

81.0

97.2

162.0

21.1%

21.6%

22.2%

24.7%

25.3%

28.4%

32.0%

33.5%

35.6%

47.4%

48.5%

51.0%

51.5%

72.7%

73.2%

74.2%

76.3%

87.1%

91.2%

94.3%

96.4%

97.4%

98.5%

100%

sample size N = 194

Unweighted Mean = 19.6 grams/day

Unweighted Standard Error = 1.94

Data are compiled from the Umatilla, Nez Perce, Yakama, and Warm Springs tribes of the Columbia River Basin.

Source: CRITFC, 1994.
3-67

Table 3-27. Mean, 50th, and 90th Percentiles of Consumption Rates for Native American Children Age Birth to

Five Years (g/kg/day)

Fish Category Mean (S.E.) 95% CI 50th percentile 90th percentile

Tulalip Tribes (n = 21)

Shellfish 0.125 (0.056) (0.014, 0.236) 0.000 0.597

Total finfish 0.114 (0.030) (0.056, 0.173) 0.060 0.290

Total, all fish 0.239 (0.077) (0.088, 0.390) 0.078 0.738

Squaxin Island Tribe (n = 48)

Shellfish 0.228 (0.053) (0.126, 0.374) 0.045 0.574

Total finfish 0.250 (0.063) (0.126, 0.374) 0.061 0.826

Total, all fish 0.825 (0.143) (0.546, 1.105) 0.508 2.056

Both Tribes Combined (weighted)

Shellfish 0.177 (0.039) (0.101, 0.253) 0.012 0.574

Total finfish 0.182 (0.035) (0.104, 0.251) 0.064 0.615

Total, all fish 0.532 (0.081) (0.373, 0.691) 0.173 1.357

SE = standard error; 95%CI = 95% confidence interval; n = sample size.

Source: Toy et al., 1996.
3-68

Table 3-28. Native American Children’s Consumption Rate (g/kg/day): Individual Finfish and Shellfish and Fish Groups

Species/Group n Mean SE All Children (including non-consumers) 

95%

LCL

95%

UCL

P5 Median P75 P90 P95 Max n 

Group EManila/Littleneck clamsHorse clamsButter clamsGeoduckCocklesOystersMusselsMoon snailsShrimpDungeness crabRed rock crabScallopsSquidSea urchinSea cucumber

313131313131313131313131313131

0.0950.0220.0210.1120.1170.0190.0010.0000.0930.3000.0070.0110.0020.000

0.000 

0.0510.0130.0140.0410.0790.0120.0010.0380.1260.0030.0060.002

0.0000.0000.0000.0330.0000.0000.0000.0190.0530.0010.0000.000

0.1950.0480.0480.1910.2710.0430.0020.1680.5470.0140.0220.005

0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

0.0310.0000.0000.0270.0000.0000.0000.0000.0040.0470.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

0.0630.0060.0000.1160.0540.0560.0000.0000.0590.1660.0000.0050.0000.0000.000

0.1810.0480.0410.2520.2400.0580.0000.0000.3941.2510.0460.0310.0000.0000.000

0.7630.2690.2470.8411.2170.2050.0110.0000.7122.6890.0640.0890.0000.0000.000

1.5970.3480.4221.0752.4330.3620.0260.0000.9822.8330.0820.1740.4110.0000.000

2121112

Group Ac

Group Bd

Group CeGroup DfGroup Fg

3131313131

0.2710.0040.1310.0300.240

0.1170.0020.0400.0110.075

0.0430.0000.0520.0080.094

0.4990.0080.2100.0530.387

0.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

0.0630.0000.0360.0100.092

0.2160.0000.2050.0370.254

0.5320.0150.3390.0810.684

2.0640.0380.8380.1911.571

3.5590.0691.0140.3421.901

2212

All FinfishAll ShellfishAll Seafood

313131

0.6770.8011.477

0.1680.2740.346

0.3460.2650.799

1.0071.3372.155

0.0260.0000.042

0.3060.2870.724

0.7400.7991.983

2.1102.3193.374

3.5494.9947.272

4.1017.9489.063

323

a GM = Geometric Meanb MSE = Multiplicative Standard Errorc Group A is salmon, including king, sockeye, coho, chum, pink, and steelheadd Group B is finfish, including smelt and herringe Group C is finfish, including cod, perch, pollock, sturgeon, sablefish, spiny dogfish and greenlingf Group D is finfish, including halibut, sole, flounder and rockfishg Group F includes tuna, other finfish, and all others not included in Groups A, B, C, and D.SE = standard error; LCL = lower confidence limit; UCL = upper confidence limit; P5...P95 = percentile value.Note: The minimum consumption for all species and groups was zero, except for “all finfish” and “all seafood.” The minimum rate for “all finfish” w

seafood” was 0.035.

Source: The Suquamish Tribe, 2000.
3-69

Table 3-29. Native American Children’s Consumption Rate (g/kg/day) for Consumers Only: Individual Finfish and Shellfish and Fish G

Group Species Consumers Only

n Mean SE Median P75 P90

Group E Manila/Littleneck clams

Horse clamsButter clamsGeoduckCocklesOystersMusselsMoon snailsShrimpDungeness crabRed rock crabScallopsSquidSea urchinSea cucumber

2312

6

221010

10

1721

58200

0.1280.0580.1060.1580.3610.0600.026

—

0.1700.4430.0460.0420.033

——

0.0680.0320.0660.0540.2330.035

——

0.0640.1790.0110.0190.008

——

0.0430.0090.0320.0530.0780.015

——

0.0350.0820.0510.0270.033

——

0.0660.0460.2030.2300.2910.074

——

0.2990.3050.0670.032

———

0.2000.308

—

0.5542.2300.336

——

0.6212.348

—————

Group Aa

Group BbGroup CcGroup DdGroup Fe (tuna/other finfish)

All finfishAll shellfishAll seafood

28

5

251724312831

0.3000.0230.1630.0550.3110.6770.8861.477

0.1280.0120.0480.0190.0920.1680.2990.346

0.1120.0170.0480.0330.1770.3060.3630.724

0.2460.0430.2360.0640.3360.7400.8471.983

0.599

—

0.4930.1401.0352.1102.4663.374

n = sample size; SE = standard error; P75 and P90 = percentile values.a Group A is salmon, including king, sockeye, coho, chum, pink, and steelheadb Group B is finfish, including smelt and herringc Group C is finfish, including cod, perch, pollock, sturgeon, sablefish, spiny dogfish and greenlingd Group D is finfish, including halibut, sole, flounder and rockfishe Group F includes tuna, other finfish, and all others not included in Groups A, B, C, and D.Source: The Suquamish Tribe, 2000.
3-70

Table 3-30. Mean Fish Consumption, per capita, g/day and g/kg/day As Consumed, in Four States

Age/Gender

Category

Mean consumption, grams per day, as consumed (per capita) Mean consumption, grams per kg per day

only)

N Weighted N

(thousands)

Mean N

g/day

Weighted N

(thousands)

Connecticut

1 to <6 28 274 4.3 26 253 6 to <11 28 259 11.6 26 239 11 to <16 22 201 14.1 21 193 16 to <30 (female) 17 141 35.9 17 141 16 to <30 (male) 14 119 11.9 14 119 

Florida

1 to <6 1107 1138 10.9 1102 1134 6 to <11 943 962 12.0 938 956 11 to <16 865 849 17.4 864 848 16 to <30 (female) 1636 1518 26.6 1537 1477 16 to <30 (male) 1702 1567 33.5 1638 1551 

Minnesota

1 to <6 47 437 8.0 47 437 6 to <11 47 299 9.5 46 298 11 to <16 68 337 12.0 68 337 16 to <30 (female) 47 331 36.9 47 331 16 to <30 (male) 55 275 8.3 55 275 

North Dakota

1 to <6 31 30 10.9 30 30 6 to <11 46 44 14.8 44 42 11 to <16 58 54 19.7 55 52 16 to <30 (female) 45 47 10.4 42 43 16 to <30 (male) 37 39 16.4 36 38 

Sample sizes (N) for g/day and g/kg day may differ because not all participants reported body weight.Source: Westat, 2006.
3-71

Table 3-31. Mean Fish Consumption, Consumers Only, g/day and g/kg/day As Consumed, in Four States

Age/Gender

Category

Mean consumption, grams per day, as consumed (consumers only) Mean consumption, grams per kg per day

only)

N Weighted N

(thousands)

Mean

g/day

N Weighted N

(thousands)

Connecticut

1 to <6 14 131 8.9 14 131 6 to <11 22 207 14.5 22 207 11 to <16 19 173 16.3 18 165 16 to <30 (female) 14 113 44.9 14 113 16 to <30 (male) 10 84 17.0 10 84 

Florida

1 to <6 421 428 29.0 420 428 6 to <11 376 378 30.5 375 377 11 to <16 365 364 40.6 365 364 16 to <30 (female) 791 739 54.6 753 725 16 to <30 (male) 785 719 73.0 754 714 

Minnesota

1 to <6 46 425 8.2 46 425 6 to <11 43 265 10.8 42 264 11 to <16 63 313 12.9 63 313 16 to <30 (female) 44 318 38.4 44 318 16 to <30 (male) 52 254 9.0 52 254 

North Dakota

1 to <6 28 28 11.9 28 28 6 to <11 43 41 16.0 41 39 11 to <16 56 53 20.3 53 50 16 to <30 (female) 39 40 12.1 38 39 16 to <30 (male) 37 39 16.4 36 38 

Sample sizes (N) for g/day and g/kg day may differ because not all participants reported body weight.

Source: Westat, 2006.
3-72

Table 3-32. Mean Fish Consumption, Consumers Only, g/day and g/kg/day As Consumed, by Caught or Bought Status 

Age/Gender

Category

Mean consumption, grams per day, as consumed (consumers

only)

Mean consumption, grams per kg 

(consumers on

N Weighted N

(thousands)

Mean

g/day

N Weighted N

(thousands)

Connecticut

Eats Caught Only 1 9 0.99 1 9 Eats Caught and Bought 74 559 38.5 70 530 Eats Bought Only 294 2286 29.8 291 2265 

Florida

Eats Caught Only 600 493 45.6 511 454 Eats Caught and Bought 802 667 112 701 636 Eats Bought Only 7164 6752 49.6 6545 6400 

Minnesota

Eats Caught Only 38 221 6.80 38 221 Eats Caught and Bought 556 2747 24.3 555 2746 Eats Bought Only 202 1655 12.2 200 1653 

North Dakota

Eats Caught Only 33 36 13.3 30 32 Eats Caught and Bought 376 403 23.3 359 384 Eats Bought Only 161 167 13.5 157 164 

Sample sizes (N) for g/day and g/kg day may differ because not all participants reported body weight.

Source: Westat, 2006.
3-73

Table 3-33. Fat Intake Among Children Based on Data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, 1973-1982 (g/day)

Age

(years) N Mean

Std.

Dev. P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 Minimum Maximum

Total Fat Intake

6 Mo. 125 37.1 17.5 18.7 25.6 33.9 46.3 60.8 3.4 107.6

1 99 59.1 26.0 29.1 40.4 56.1 71.4 94.4 21.6 152.7

2 135 86.7 41.3 39.9 55.5 79.2 110.5 141.1 26.5 236.4

3 106 91.6 38.8 50.2 63.6 82.6 114.6 153.0 32.6 232.5

4 219 98.6 56.1 46.0 66.8 87.0 114.6 163.3 29.3 584.6

10 871 93.2 50.8 45.7 60.5 81.4 111.3 154.5 14.6 529.5

13 148 107.0 53.9 53.0 69.8 90.8 130.7 184.1 9.8 282.2

15 108 97.7 48.7 46.1 65.2 85.8 124.0 165.2 10.0 251.3

17 159 107.8 64.3 41.4 59.7 97.3 140.2 195.1 8.5 327.4

Total Animal Fat

6 Mo. 125 18.4 16.0 0.7 4.2 13.9 28.4 42.5 0.0 61.1

1 99 36.5 20.0 15.2 23.1 33.0 45.9 65.3 0.0 127.1

2 135 49.5 28.3 20.1 28.9 42.1 66.0 81.4 10.0 153.4

3 106 50.1 29.4 21.3 29.1 42.9 64.4 88.9 14.1 182.6

4 219 50.8 31.7 21.4 28.1 42.6 66.4 92.6 5.9 242.2

10 871 54.1 39.6 20.3 30.6 45.0 64.6 97.5 0.0 412.3

13 148 56.2 39.8 19.8 28.5 44.8 72.8 109.4 4.7 209.6

15 108 53.8 35.1 15.9 28.3 44.7 67.9 105.8 0.6 182.1

17 159 64.4 48.5 15.2 30.7 51.6 86.6 128.8 2.6 230.3

Total Vegetable Fat Intake

6 Mo. 125 9.2 12.8 0.6 1.2 2.8 11.6 29.4 0.0 53.2

1 99 15.4 14.3 3.7 6.1 11.3 18.1 38.0 0.2 70.2

2 135 19.3 16.3 3.8 7.9 14.8 26.6 42.9 0.7 96.6

3 106 21.1 15.5 3.9 8.6 18.7 26.6 45.2 1.0 70.4

4 219 24.5 18.6 5.7 10.4 21.8 33.3 48.5 0.9 109.0

10 871 23.7 21.6 4.3 9.5 18.3 30.6 49.0 0.6 203.7

13 148 34.3 27.4 8.4 17.9 31.2 44.6 57.5 0.0 238.3

15 108 27.3 22.8 5.1 11.9 22.6 38.1 54.4 0.7 132.2

17 159 25.7 21.3 4.2 11.7 20.8 32.9 47.6 0.0 141.5

Total Fish Fat Intake

6 Mo. 125 0.05 0.13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9

1 99 0.05 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9

2 135 0.04 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9

3 106 0.10 0.59 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5

4 219 2.3 31.05 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 459.2

10 871 0.29 1.45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.2

13 148 0.27 2.15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.4

15 108 0.43 1.47 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5

17 159 0.47 2.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.3

N = sample size; P10...P90 = percentile values. Source: Frank et al., 1986.
3-74

Table 3-34. Fat Intake Among Children Based on Data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, 1973-1982 (g/kg/day)

Age

(years) N Mean

Std.

Dev. P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 Minimum Maximum

Total Fat Intake

6 Mo. 125 4.94 2.32 2.41 3.28 4.67 6.19 7.97 0.39 13.16

1 99 6.12 2.75 3.03 4.11 5.66 7.47 9.53 2.27 16.38

2 132 6.98 3.34 3.37 4.45 6.15 8.56 11.94 2.14 18.69

3 106 6.40 2.67 3.61 4.56 5.50 8.16 9.93 2.18 16.73

4 218 6.05 3.66 2.88 3.96 5.24 6.97 9.98 2.03 38.21

10 861 2.70 1.52 1.23 1.68 2.35 3.32 4.54 0.33 13.86

13 147 2.28 1.30 1.03 1.47 1.99 2.80 3.81 0.21 10.19

15 105 1.73 0.84 0.84 1.18 1.54 2.14 3.13 0.15 4.73

17 149 1.77 1.02 0.69 0.92 1.62 2.24 3.10 0.16 6.23

Total Animal Fat

6 Mo. 125 2.43 2.13 0.08 0.60 2.03 3.74 5.47 0.00 8.99

1 99 3.78 2.12 1.70 2.37 3.39 4.90 6.48 0.00 13.64

2 132 3.99 2.31 1.73 2.29 3.36 5.22 6.69 0.67 13.40

3 106 3.50 2.01 1.56 2.07 3.13 4.18 6.05 0.90 13.14

4 218 3.12 2.05 1.26 1.73 2.64 4.04 5.38 0.39 15.43

10 861 1.56 1.16 0.55 0.84 1.28 1.92 2.83 0.00 10.79

13 147 1.19 0.86 0.40 0.59 0.94 1.59 2.28 0.08 5.19

15 105 0.95 0.62 0.32 0.54 0.81 1.25 1.90 0.01 3.07

17 149 1.04 0.77 0.26 0.51 0.83 1.38 1.97 0.05 4.15

Total Vegetable Fat Intake

6 Mo. 125 1.237 1.794 0.079 0.160 0.354 1.558 4.076 0.000 8.199

1 99 1.594 1.550 0.401 0.630 1.169 1.868 3.784 0.022 7.610

2 132 1.561 1.381 0.299 0.647 1.134 2.037 3.504 0.057 8.474

3 106 1.474 1.066 0.277 0.603 1.359 1.963 2.958 0.077 5.047

4 218 1.492 1.153 0.356 0.617 1.208 2.059 2.827 0.061 7.315

10 861 0.685 0.638 0.127 0.257 0.516 0.863 1.440 0.019 4.244

13 147 0.748 0.790 0.161 0.381 0.606 0.931 1.248 0.000 8.603

15 105 0.490 0.397 0.086 0.225 0.436 0.653 0.904 0.010 2.226

17 149 0.439 0.359 0.071 0.175 0.353 0.597 0.908 0.000 2.128

Total Fish Fat Intake

6 Mo. 125 0.006 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.127

1 99 0.005 0.026 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.219

2 132 0.003 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.160

3 106 0.007 0.042 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.341

4 218 0.148 2.034 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.03

10 861 0.009 0.047 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.625

13 147 0.005 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.405

15 105 0.008 0.028 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.189

17 149 0.008 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.234

N = sample size; P10...P90 = percentile values. Source: Frank et al., 1986.
3-75

Table 3-35. Mean Total Daily Dietary Fat Intake (g/day) Grouped by Age and Gendera

Age

(yrs)

Total Males Females

N

Mean Fat Intake

(g/day) N

Mean Fat Intake

(g/day) N

Mean Fat Intake

(g/day)

2-11 (months)

1-2

3-5

6-11

12-16

16-19

871

1,231

1,647

1,745

711

785

37.52

49.96

60.39

74.17

85.19

100.50

439

601

744

868

338

308

38.31

51.74

70.27

79.45

101.94

123.23

432

630

803

877

373

397

36.95

48.33

61.51

68.95

71.23

77.46

a Total dietary fat intake includes all fat (i.e., saturated and unsaturated) derived from consumption of foods and beverages

(excluding plain drinking water).

N = sample size.

Source: Adapted from CDC, 1994.
3-76

Table 3-36. Total Fat Intake for the Whole Population and for the Top 10% of Animal Fat Consumers by Consumers

Only (g/kg-day)

Total Fat Intake Whole Population by Consumers Only (g/kg-day)

Age

(yrs)

N

Mean Fat

Intake

(g/kgday)

S.E.

Percentiles

P10 P25 P50 P75 P95 P100

< 1

1

2

3-5

6-10

11-15

16-17

18-20

1,301

1,002

994

4,112

1,553

975

360

383

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.4

2.6

1.6

1.3

1.3

2.6

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.1

0.80

0.65

0.67

0.9

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.3

0.8

0.6

0.5

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.4

1.7

1.1

0.8

0.8

4.3

3.7

3.4

3.2

2.3

1.4

1.2

1.2

5.8

4.7

4.4

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.6

1.6

9.2

7.1

6.4

5.8

4.2

3.0

2.7

2.4

20

12

12

11

9.9

5.7

4.2

6.0

Total Fat Intake for the Top 10% of the Animal Fat Consumers by Consumers Only (g/kg-day)

Age

(yrs)

N

Mean Fat

Intake

(g/kgday)

S.E.

Percentiles

P10 P25 P50 P75 P95 P100

< 1 

1

2

3-5

6-10

11-15

16-17

18-20

140

109

103

461

198

96

32

37

4.7

6.9

6.2

5.6

4.2

3.0

2.5

2.6

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.1

0.9

0.7

0.8

2.8

5.1

4.6

4.2

3.0

2.0

1.6

1.6

3.7

5.8

5.2

4.7

3.4

2.4

1.9

2.0

4.6

6.8

5.8

5.3

3.8

2.8

2.7

2.3

6.0

7.7

6.7

6.2

4.6

3.3

2.8

2.9

7.7

9.5

8.3

8.3

6.0

4.6

3.1

3.2

11

12

9.5

11

9.9

5.7

4.2

6.0
3-77

Table 3-37. Per Capita Total Dietary Intake

Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

Total Dietary Intake (g/day, as consumed)

birth to <1 mo. 66.7% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 76.9% 8.6e+02 6.4e+01 3.0e+01 3.1e+01 1.1e+02 7.9e+02 9.2e+02 1.0e+03 1.2e+03 1.3e+03 2.0e+03 2

3 to <6 mo. 94.1% 9.4e+02 4.7e+01 5.6e+00 3.6e+01 1.6e+02 7.5e+02 9.7e+02 1.2e+03 1.5e+03 1.7e+03 2.1e+03 26 to <12 mo. 99.4% 1.2e+03 3.4e+01 1.2e+02 2.1e+02 6.4e+02 9.8e+02 1.2e+03 1.4e+03 1.6e+03 1.8e+03 2.3e+03 21 to <2 yr. 100.0% 9.6E+02 1.9E+01 8.0E+01 2.1E+02 4.4E+02 6.4E+02 9.1E+02 1.1E+03 1.5E+03 1.7E+03 2.0E+03 22 to <3 yr. 100.0% 1.2E+03 2.1E+01 3.7E+02 5.4E+02 6.3E+02 9.0E+02 1.5E+03 1.5E+03 1.7E+03 2.0E+03 2.1E+03 23 to <6 yr. 100.0% 1.0e+03 9.9e+00 3.4e+02 5.0e+02 5.8e+02 7.6e+02 1.0e+03 1.2e+03 1.5e+03 1.7e+03 2.1e+03 26 to <11 yr. 100.0% 1.1e+03 1.2e+01 3.9e+02 5.5e+02 6.5e+02 8.3e+02 1.1e+03 1.3e+03 1.7e+03 1.9e+03 2.3e+03 311 to <16 yr. 100.0% 1.2e+03 1.7e+01 3.2e+02 5.4e+02 6.2e+02 8.3e+02 1.1e+03 1.5e+03 1.8e+03 2.2e+03 2.9e+03 416 to <21 yr. 97.9% 5.6E+00 2.9E+01 3.7E+02 4.1E+02 5.4E+02 7.8E+02 1.1E+03 1.7E+03 2.1E+03 2.8E+03 3.3E+03 4Age Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

Total Dietary Intake (g/kg/day, as consumed)

birth to <1 mo. 60.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 1 to <3 mo. 70.8% 1.6e+02 1.4e+01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.9e+00 1.5e+02 1.8e+02 2.2e+02 2.4e+02 2.7e+02 3.1e+02 3.

3 to <6 mo. 91.6% 1.3e+02 7.3e+00 0.0e+00 1.2e+00 1.8e+01 9.3e+01 1.4e+02 1.8e+02 2.3e+02 2.4e+02 2.9e+02 2.6 to <12 mo. 95.0% 1.3e+02 4.3e+00 0.0e+00 2.3e+01 5.4e+01 1.0e+02 1.2e+02 1.6e+02 1.9e+02 2.0e+02 2.5e+02 3.1 to <2 yr. 96.2% 7.9E+01 8.0E-01 0.0E+00 2.1E+01 3.0E+01 3.9E+01 5.9E+01 9.3E+01 1.2E+02 1.4E+02 1.9E+02 2.2 to <3 yr. 95.8% 8.9E+01 6.0E-01 0.0E+00 2.9E+01 4.1E+01 6.3E+01 8.8E+01 1.1E+02 1.5E+02 1.8E+02 2.2E+02 2.3 to <6 yr. 93.2% 5.5e+01 7.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.6e+01 3.8e+01 5.4e+01 7.0e+01 8.9e+01 1.0e+02 1.3e+02 1.6 to <11 yr. 92.9% 3.8e+01 5.8e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.5e+01 2.6e+01 3.6e+01 4.8e+01 6.1e+01 7.2e+01 9.1e+01 1.11 to <16 yr. 97.0% 2.3e+01 3.9e-01 0.0e+00 7.3e+00 9.8e+00 1.5e+01 2.2e+01 3.0e+01 3.9e+01 4.6e+01 6.0e+01 8.16 to <21 yr. 99.1% 1.8E+01 4.0E-01 4.9E+00 7.0E+00 7.8E+00 1.6E+01 2.0E+01 2.8E+01 3.3E+01 3.6E+01 6.0E+01 6.

N = sample size; PC = percent consuming; SE = standard error; P1...P100 = percentiles.Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-78

Table 3-38. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/day, as consumed)

Food Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 P

Age 0 to <1month

Total Dietary Intake 66.7% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Dairy Intake 66.7% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Meat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Egg Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fish Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Grain Intake 6.7% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Vegetable Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fruit Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

Age 1 to <3 months

Total Dietary Intake 76.9% 8.6e+02 6.4e+01 3.0e+01 3.1e+01 1.1e+02 7.9e+02 9.2e+02 1.0e+03 1.2e+03 1.3e+03 2.0e+03 2.Total Dairy Intake 75.4% 8.5e+02 6.3e+01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.1e+02 7.9e+02 9.2e+02 1.0e+03 1.2e+03 1.3e+03 2.0e+03 2.Total Meat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Egg Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fish Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Grain Intake 15.4% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Vegetable Intake 3.1% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fruit Intake 9.2% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

Age 3 to <6 months

Total Dietary Intake 94.1% 9.4e+02 4.7e+01 5.6e+00 3.6e+01 1.6e+02 7.5e+02 9.7e+02 1.2e+03 1.5e+03 1.7e+03 2.1e+03 2.Total Dairy Intake 86.6% 7.9e+02 4.8e+01 0.0e+00 3.1e+00 2.3e+01 5.7e+02 8.5e+02 1.1e+03 1.3e+03 1.5e+03 2.0e+03 2.Total Meat Intake 10.1% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Egg Intake 9.2% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fish Intake 8.4% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Grain Intake 66.4% 1.1e+01 2.3e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.0e+00 1.7e+01 2.8e+01 4.0e+01 9.9e+01 1.Total Vegetable Intake 35.3% 3.0e+01 7.8e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.6e+01 1.1e+02 1.4e+02 2.0e+02 2.

Total Fruit Intake 54.6% 9.3e+01 1.6e+01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.1e+01 1.6e+02 2.9e+02 3.2e+02 5.5e+02 7.Total Fat Intake 9.2% - - - - - - - - - - - 

Age 6 to <12 months

Total Dietary Intake 99.4% 1.2e+03 3.4e+01 1.2e+02 2.1e+02 6.4e+02 9.8e+02 1.2e+03 1.4e+03 1.6e+03 1.8e+03 2.3e+03 2.Total Dairy Intake 95.6% 7.7e+02 3.1e+01 0.0e+00 8.1e+00 2.1e+02 6.1e+02 7.5e+02 9.6e+02 1.3e+03 1.5e+03 1.9e+03 2.Total Meat Intake 67.5% 2.1e+01 2.4e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.1e+00 1.3e+01 3.2e+01 5.7e+01 7.4e+01 1.2e+02 1.Total Egg Intake 60.6% 8.1e+00 1.9e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.3e-01 1.6e+00 3.9e+01 5.8e+01 7.9e+01 8.Total Fish Intake 40.6% 1.9e+00 6.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.5e+00 5.0e+00 7.5e+00 4.2e+01 4.Total Grain Intake 95.0% 7.0e+01 5.4e+00 0.0e+00 5.0e+00 1.0e+01 2.3e+01 4.7e+01 9.3e+01 1.8e+02 1.9e+02 2.7e+02 3.Total Vegetable Intake 90.0% 1.1e+02 6.8e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.4e+01 5.7e+01 1.1e+02 1.4e+02 1.9e+02 2.3e+02 4.9e+02 7.

Total Fruit Intake 87.5% 1.8e+02 1.1e+01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.6e+01 1.7e+02 2.3e+02 3.4e+02 4.2e+02 5.7e+02 6.Total Fat Intake 60.6% 1.5e+00 2.0e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.3e+00 2.5e+00 3.6e+00 4.5e+00 1.1e+01 1.
Table 3-38. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/day, as consumed) (continued)

Food Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 P

3-79

Age 1 to <2 years

Total Dietary Intake 100.0% 9.6E+02 1.9E+01 8.0E+01 2.1E+02 4.4E+02 6.4E+02 9.1E+02 1.1E+03 1.5E+03 1.7E+03 2.0E+03 2.Total Dairy Intake 99.4% 4.5E+02 1.1E+01 3.0E+00 5.1E+01 8.8E+01 1.3E+02 3.5E+02 5.8E+01 8.3E+02 9.0E+02 9.7E+02 1.Total Meat Intake 96.8% 5.3E+01 1.9E+00 0.0E+00 9.0E+00 1.2E+01 2.0E+01 4.4E+01 5.9E+01 9.0E+01 1.3E+02 1.7E+02 2.Total Egg Intake 90.1% 1.2E+01 9.9E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.8E-01 2.8E+00 1.4E+01 3.9E+01 5.8E+01 8.1E+01 1.Total Fish Intake 56.6% 3.0E+00 6.6E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.4E+00 9.4E+00 2.1E+01 4.4E+01 1.Total Grain Intake 99.6% 1.4E+02 2.9E+00 1.1E+01 3.0E+01 5.1E+01 8.8E+01 1.3E+02 1.8E+02 2.4E+02 3.0E+02 4.2E+02 4.Total Vegetable Intake 98.4% 1.2E+02 3.3E+00 8.0E-01 1.1E+00 2.1E+00 3.3E+00 2.9E+01 8.9E+01 1.7E+02 3.0E+02 3.6E+02 5.Total Fruit Intake 86.6% 2.1E+02 8.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.3E+01 1.6E+02 2.3E+02 4.9E+02 7.0E+02 8.9E+02 1.Total Fat Intake 91.2% 3.4E+00 2.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.1E+00 4.2E+00 7.0E+00 1.1E+01 1.5E+01 2.2E+01 2.

Age 2 to <3 years

Total Dietary Intake 100.0% 1.2E+03 2.1E+01 3.7E+02 5.4E+02 6.3E+02 9.0E+02 1.5E+03 1.5E+03 1.7E+03 2.0E+03 2.1E+03 2.Total Dairy Intake 100.0% 5.2E+02 1.0E+01 1.8E+01 7.7E+01 1.7E+02 3.0E+02 5.6E+02 7.1E+02 1.0E+03 1.2E+03 1.9E+03 2.Total Meat Intake 98.9% 6.5E+01 2.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.8E+00 9.0E+00 2.7E+01 5.3E+01 9.0E+01 1.4E+02 1.7E+02 2.2E+02 3.Total Egg Intake 95.0% 2.0E+01 1.1E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.0E-01 1.1E+00 3.8E+00 4.8E+00 5.5E+00 8.9E+00 1.4E+01 1.Total Fish Intake 65.0% 6.6E+00 5.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.0E-01 3.0E+00 1.6E+01 2.9E+01 7.0E+01 1.Total Grain Intake 99.5% 1.6E+02 2.4E+00 1.6E+01 4.4E+00 6.0E+00 9.3E+00 1.3E+02 2.1E+02 2.7E+02 3.3E+02 5.6E+02 6.Total Vegetable Intake 100.2% 1.5E+02 2.8E+00 4.3E+00 2.2E+01 3.8E+01 7.1E+01 1.2E+02 1.8E+02 3.0E+02 3.7E+02 6.1E+02 7.Total Fruit Intake 91.4% 2.9E+02 7.1E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.2E+02 2.0E+02 3.7E+02 6.0E+02 7.8E+02 1.1E+03 2.Total Fat Intake 96.7% 7.5E+00 2.2E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.4E-01 2.2E+00 4.1E+00 7.5E+00 1.3E+01 1.7E+01 2.8E+01 5.

Age 3 to <6 years

Total Dietary Intake 100.0% 1.0e+03 9.9e+00 3.4e+02 5.0e+02 5.8e+02 7.6e+02 1.0e+03 1.2e+03 1.5e+03 1.7e+03 2.1e+03 2.Total Dairy Intake 99.6% 3.9e+02 6.3e+00 7.8e+00 7.4e+01 1.2e+02 2.2e+02 3.6e+02 5.1e+02 7.2e+02 8.3e+02 1.2e+03 1.Total Meat Intake 99.0% 7.9e+01 1.3e+00 0.0e+00 1.6e+01 2.4e+01 4.4e+01 7.2e+01 1.0e+02 1.4e+02 1.7e+02 2.4e+02 3.Total Egg Intake 90.8% 1.3e+01 7.0e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.3e-02 7.3e-01 1.8e+00 2.0e+01 4.3e+01 6.3e+01 1.1e+02 2.Total Fish Intake 61.0% 6.1e+00 5.4e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.7e+00 5.0e+00 1.4e+01 3.4e+01 8.0e+01 2.Total Grain Intake 99.8% 1.9e+02 2.8e+00 4.7e+01 7.0e+01 8.8e+01 1.2e+02 1.7e+02 2.4e+02 3.1e+02 3.6e+02 5.3e+02 1.Total Vegetable Intake 99.4% 1.4e+02 2.5e+00 3.4e+00 2.4e+01 4.0e+01 7.4e+01 1.2e+02 1.8e+02 2.6e+02 3.2e+02 4.8e+02 7.

Total Fruit Intake 84.4% 2.1e+02 5.5e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.2e+01 1.6e+02 3.1e+02 4.7e+02 5.6e+02 8.4e+02 1.Total Fat Intake 95.6% 7.8e+00 2.0e-01 0.0e+00 1.7e-01 1.0e+00 2.7e+00 5.6e+00 1.1e+01 1.8e+01 2.2e+01 3.7e+01 6.

Age 6 to <11 years

Total Dietary Intake 100.0% 1.1e+03 1.2e+01 3.9e+02 5.5e+02 6.5e+02 8.3e+02 1.1e+03 1.3e+03 1.7e+03 1.9e+03 2.3e+03 3.Total Dairy Intake 99.7% 4.4e+02 7.5e+00 1.1e+01 7.6e+01 1.3e+02 2.6e+02 4.0e+02 5.9e+02 7.8e+02 8.8e+02 1.2e+03 2.Total Meat Intake 98.7% 9.2e+01 1.7e+00 0.0e+00 1.7e+01 2.6e+01 4.9e+01 8.3e+01 1.2e+02 1.6e+02 2.0e+02 3.0e+02 4.Total Egg Intake 91.5% 1.3e+01 7.9e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.4e-01 9.0e-01 2.1e+00 6.3e+00 4.5e+01 6.8e+01 1.3e+02 2.Total Fish Intake 62.6% 8.9e+00 8.8e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.3e+00 5.7e+00 1.7e+01 4.4e+01 1.4e+02 2.Total Grain Intake 99.9% 2.2e+02 3.1e+00 4.4e+01 8.5e+01 1.1e+02 1.5e+02 2.1e+02 2.7e+02 3.6e+02 4.1e+02 6.0e+02 7.Total Vegetable Intake 99.7% 1.7e+02 3.3e+00 9.7e+00 3.5e+01 5.4e+01 8.7e+01 1.4e+02 2.1e+02 3.0e+02 3.7e+02 5.8e+02 9.

Total Fruit Intake 76.8% 1.7e+02 6.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.1e+01 1.2e+02 2.6e+02 4.3e+02 5.2e+02 8.7e+02 1.
Table 3-38. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/day, as consumed) (continued)

Food Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 P

3-80

Total Fat Intake 96.7% 1.1e+01 3.0e-01 0.0e+00 7.3e-01 1.5e+00 3.7e+00 7.7e+00 1.4e+01 2.4e+01 3.0e+01 5.2e+01 8.
Table 3-38. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/day, as consumed) (continued)

Food Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 P

3-81

Age 11 to <16 years

Total Dietary Intake 100.0% 1.2e+03 1.7e+01 3.2e+02 5.4e+02 6.2e+02 8.3e+02 1.1e+03 1.5e+03 1.8e+03 2.2e+03 2.9e+03 4.Total Dairy Intake 99.1% 3.9e+02 9.8e+00 1.8e+00 2.3e+01 5.0e+01 1.6e+02 3.3e+02 5.3e+02 7.9e+02 9.7e+02 1.5e+03 2.Total Meat Intake 99.5% 1.2e+02 2.5e+00 5.0e+00 2.2e+01 3.6e+01 6.7e+01 1.1e+02 1.6e+02 2.2e+02 2.7e+02 3.7e+02 6.Total Egg Intake 92.4% 1.6e+01 1.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.2e-01 1.4e+00 3.0e+00 1.5e+01 5.6e+01 8.2e+01 1.5e+02 3.Total Fish Intake 63.3% 1.2e+01 1.1e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.9e+00 9.5e+00 2.6e+01 5.7e+01 1.4e+02 2.Total Grain Intake 100.0% 2.6e+02 4.2e+00 5.3e+01 8.4e+01 1.1e+02 1.7e+02 2.3e+02 3.2e+02 4.4e+02 5.0e+02 6.6e+02 1.Total Vegetable Intake 99.7% 2.2e+02 4.6e+00 1.6e+01 4.8e+01 7.4e+01 1.2e+02 1.9e+02 2.9e+02 4.1e+02 4.8e+02 7.1e+02 1.

Total Fruit Intake 70.0% 1.7e+02 7.7e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.2e+02 2.5e+02 4.4e+02 6.0e+02 8.9e+02 1.Total Fat Intake 96.1% 1.4e+01 4.8e-01 0.0e+00 7.9e-01 2.0e+00 4.8e+00 9.7e+00 1.8e+01 3.3e+01 4.1e+01 7.4e+01 1.

Age 16 to <21 years

Total Dietary Intake 97.9% 5.6E+00 2.9E+01 3.7E+02 4.1E+02 5.4E+02 7.8E+02 1.1E+03 1.7E+03 2.1E+03 2.8E+03 3.3E+03 4.Total Dairy Intake 99.3% 3.6E+02 9.0E+00 4.0E+00 1.8E+01 3.9E+01 2.3E+02 2.9E+02 5.5E+02 8.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.4E+03 Total Meat Intake 99.5% 1.4E+02 3.0E+00 4.8E+00 2.2E+01 3.6E+01 7.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.8E+02 2.7E+02 3.0E+02 3.8E+02 4Total Egg Intake 93.3% 2.6E-01 1.4E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.1E+00 2.1E+00 3.8E+00 5.8E+00 2.2E+01 7.0E+01 1.6E+02 1Total Fish Intake 66.0% 1.9E-01 1.1E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.0E+00 1.6E+01 2.4E+01 5.5E+01 1.7E+02 3Total Grain Intake 97.9% 5.6E+00 5.4E+00 1.1E+01 8.7E+01 1.0E+02 1.6E+02 2.1E+02 3.4E+02 4.2E+02 5.3E+02 9.4E+02 1Total Vegetable Intake 97.9% 3.6E+00 8.0E+00 8.0E+00 2.1E+01 5.5E+01 1.0E+02 2.0E+02 3.4E+02 5.1E+02 6.1E+02 1.2E+03 Total Fruit Intake 97.9% 5.6E+00 9.5E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.6E+01 3.0E+02 4.7E+02 7.0E+02 9.2E+02 1Total Fat Intake 98.9% 2.1E+01 5.5E-01 0.0E+00 8.0E-01 2.6E+00 5.5E+00 1.1E+01 1.9E+01 3.9E+01 4.8E+01 1.1E+02 

N = sample size; PC = percent consuming; SE = standard error; P1...P100 = percentiles.Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-82

Table 3-39. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/kg/day, as consumed)

Food Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

Age 0 to <1month

Total Dietary Intake 60.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Dairy Intake 60.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Meat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Egg Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fish Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Grain Intake 6.7% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Vegetable Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fruit Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

Age 1 to <3 months

Total Dietary Intake 70.8% 1.6e+02 1.4e+01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.9e+00 1.5e+02 1.8e+02 2.2e+02 2.4e+02 2.7e+02 3.1e+02 Total Dairy Intake 69.2% 1.6e+02 1.4e+01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.5e+02 1.8e+02 2.2e+02 2.4e+02 2.7e+02 3.1e+02 Total Meat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Egg Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fish Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Grain Intake 13.8% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Vegetable Intake 1.5% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fruit Intake 7.7% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fat Intake 0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - 

Age 3 to <6 months

Total Dietary Intake 91.6% 1.3e+02 7.3e+00 0.0e+00 1.2e+00 1.8e+01 9.3e+01 1.4e+02 1.8e+02 2.3e+02 2.4e+02 2.9e+02 Total Dairy Intake 84.0% 1.1e+02 7.4e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.6e-01 6.2e+01 1.3e+02 1.7e+02 2.0e+02 2.3e+02 2.8e+02 Total Meat Intake 10.1% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Egg Intake 9.2% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Fish Intake 8.4% - - - - - - - - - - - Total Grain Intake 64.7% 1.6e+00 3.2e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.4e-01 2.4e+00 4.4e+00 5.9e+00 1.1e+01 Total Vegetable Intake 34.5% 4.1e+00 1.1e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.7e+00 1.7e+01 1.9e+01 3.0e+01 

Total Fruit Intake 54.6% 1.3e+01 2.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.1e+00 2.1e+01 4.0e+01 4.3e+01 6.3e+01 Total Fat Intake 9.2% - - - - - - - - - - - 

Age 6 to <12 months

Total Dietary Intake 95.0% 1.3e+02 4.3e+00 0.0e+00 2.3e+01 5.4e+01 1.0e+02 1.2e+02 1.6e+02 1.9e+02 2.0e+02 2.5e+02 Total Dairy Intake 91.3% 8.3e+01 3.7e+00 0.0e+00 4.9e-02 1.0e+01 5.9e+01 8.3e+01 1.1e+02 1.3e+02 1.7e+02 1.9e+02 Total Meat Intake 65.0% 2.3e+00 2.6e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.3e-02 1.4e+00 3.4e+00 6.0e+00 8.6e+00 1.2e+01 Total Egg Intake 58.1% 8.4e-01 2.1e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.0e-02 1.9e-01 3.3e+00 5.8e+00 8.3e+00 Total Fish Intake 40.6% 2.2e-01 7.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.6e-01 5.3e-01 8.7e-01 4.7e+00 Total Grain Intake 91.3% 7.7e+00 6.2e-01 0.0e+00 2.3e-02 1.0e+00 2.4e+00 5.2e+00 1.0e+01 2.1e+01 2.4e+01 3.3e+01 Total Vegetable Intake 86.3% 1.2e+01 9.1e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.0e-01 5.9e+00 1.1e+01 1.5e+01 2.4e+01 2.9e+01 4.9e+01 Total Fruit Intake 83.8% 2.0e+01 1.2e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.6e+00 1.9e+01 2.6e+01 3.7e+01 4.4e+01 6.7e+01 Total Fat Intake 58.8% 1.7e-01 2.3e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.4e-01 2.5e-01 4.0e-01 4.9e-01 1.2e+00 
Table 3-39. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/kg/day, as consumed) (continued)

Food Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

3-83

Age 1 to <2 years

Total Dietary Intake 96.2% 7.9E+01 8.0E-01 0.0E+00 2.1E+01 3.0E+01 3.9E+01 5.9E+01 9.3E+01 1.2E+02 1.4E+02 1.9E+02 Total Dairy Intake 96.3% 3.8E+01 9.0E-01 0.0E+00 3.3E-01 6.0E+00 1.8E+01 3.3E+01 5.0E+01 7.7E+01 9.1E+01 1.3E+02 Total Meat Intake 94.4% 4.2E+00 1.4E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.6E-01 1.8E+00 4.0E+00 6.2E+00 9.1E+00 1.0E+01 1.6E+01 Total Egg Intake 86.9% 1.3E+00 6.9E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.4E-02 1.1E-01 9.0E-01 1.9E+00 3.3E+00 5.9E+00 Total Fish Intake 56.6% 3.5E-01 5.5E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.0E-02 4.0E-01 9.0E-01 2.0E+00 7.0E+00 Total Grain Intake 96.3% 9.0E+00 3.2E-01 0.0E+00 1.4E+00 2.8E+00 6.2E+00 1.0E+01 1.5E+01 2.1E+01 2.4E+01 3.8E+01 Total Vegetable Intake 95.2% 9.6E+00 2.9E-01 0.0E+00 4.0E-01 1.1E+00 2.5E+00 5.8E+00 9.0E+00 1.2E+01 2.1E+01 4.1E+01 Total Fruit Intake 85.2% 2.0E+01 5.9E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.0E+00 1.1E+01 2.5E+01 6.0E+01 6.9E+01 8.1E+01 Total Fat Intake 91.1% 3.3E-01 3.3E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.0E-02 1.1E-01 3.3E-01 7.9E-01 1.0E+00 1.9E+00 

Age 2 to <3 years

Total Dietary Intake 95.8% 8.9E+01 6.0E-01 0.0E+00 2.9E+01 4.1E+01 6.3E+01 8.8E+01 1.1E+02 1.5E+02 1.8E+02 2.2E+02 Total Dairy Intake 95.0% 3.6E+01 8.4E-01 0.0E+00 4.0E-01 5.8E+00 2.0E+01 3.6E+01 5.6E+01 7.3E+01 9.7E+01 1.5E+02 Total Meat Intake 93.6% 4.6E+00 1.1E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.9E-01 2.0E+00 4.1E+00 5.5E+00 9.0E+00 1.1E+01 1.6E+01 Total Egg Intake 90.7% 1.1E+00 7.8E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.8E-01 2.2E-01 1.9E+00 4.2E+00 6.6E+00 1.1E+01 Total Fish Intake 59.8% 3.9E-01 5.6E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.0E-02 3.0E-01 8.2E-01 1.6E+00 6.3E+00 Total Grain Intake 94.9% 1.3E+01 2.8E-01 0.0E+00 1.7E+00 4.0E+00 6.8E+00 1.1E+01 1.5E+01 2.2E+01 2.5E+01 3.8E+01 Total Vegetable Intake 95.5% 9.4E+00 3.3E-01 0.0E+00 5.0E-01 1.2E+00 4.0E+00 6.0E+00 1.5E+01 1.9E+01 2.6E+01 5.6E+01 Total Fruit Intake 85.8% 1.8E+01 6.9E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.4E+00 8.7E+00 1.9E+01 4.8E+01 5.9E+01 8.8E+01 Total Fat Intake 89.1% 5.1E-01 2.9E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 8.0E-03 1.6E-01 4.4E-01 5.9E-01 1.2E+00 1.5E+00 2.4E+00 

Age 3 to <6 years

Total Dietary Intake 93.2% 5.5e+01 7.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.6e+01 3.8e+01 5.4e+01 7.0e+01 8.9e+01 1.0e+02 1.3e+02 Total Dairy Intake 92.9% 2.1e+01 4.0e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.5e+00 1.0e+01 1.9e+01 2.9e+01 4.1e+01 4.9e+01 6.6e+01 Total Meat Intake 92.2% 4.1e+00 8.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 7.7e-01 2.1e+00 3.8e+00 5.6e+00 7.8e+00 9.4e+00 1.3e+01 Total Egg Intake 84.5% 6.5e-01 3.7e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.0e-02 8.8e-02 4.6e-01 2.1e+00 3.4e+00 6.1e+00 Total Fish Intake 56.4% 3.2e-01 3.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.9e-02 2.4e-01 6.6e-01 1.7e+00 4.6e+00 Total Grain Intake 93.1% 1.0e+01 2.0e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.7e+00 6.3e+00 9.2e+00 1.3e+01 1.8e+01 2.1e+01 3.4e+01 Total Vegetable Intake 92.7% 7.3e+00 1.6e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.3e+00 3.4e+00 6.2e+00 9.7e+00 1.4e+01 1.8e+01 2.9e+01 Total Fruit Intake 79.0% 1.1e+01 3.4e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.3e+00 8.1e+00 1.6e+01 2.6e+01 3.3e+01 5.3e+01 Total Fat Intake 89.2% 4.2e-01 1.2e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.3e-01 3.0e-01 5.9e-01 9.5e-01 1.3e+00 1.8e+00 

Age 6 to <11 years

Total Dietary Intake 92.9% 3.8e+01 5.8e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.5e+01 2.6e+01 3.6e+01 4.8e+01 6.1e+01 7.2e+01 9.1e+01 Total Dairy Intake 92.8% 1.5e+01 3.2e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.2e+00 7.2e+00 1.3e+01 2.1e+01 2.9e+01 3.5e+01 4.5e+01 Total Meat Intake 91.7% 3.0e+00 6.9e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 4.1e-01 1.4e+00 2.6e+00 4.1e+00 5.7e+00 7.1e+00 1.0e+01 Total Egg Intake 84.8% 4.2e-01 2.8e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.3e-02 6.4e-02 1.9e-01 1.4e+00 2.3e+00 4.4e+00 Total Fish Intake 57.4% 2.7e-01 2.8e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.9e-02 1.8e-01 4.8e-01 1.6e+00 4.2e+00 Total Grain Intake 92.9% 7.5e+00 1.4e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.5e+00 4.5e+00 7.0e+00 9.7e+00 1.3e+01 1.6e+01 2.0e+01 
Table 3-39. Per Capita Intake of Major Food Groups (g/kg/day, as consumed) (continued)

Food Group PC MEAN SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

3-84

Total Vegetable Intake 92.7% 5.5e+00 1.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.0e+00 2.5e+00 4.5e+00 7.3e+00 1.1e+01 1.4e+01 2.1e+01 Total Fruit Intake 70.6% 5.7e+00 2.3e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.6e+00 8.6e+00 1.4e+01 1.9e+01 2.9e+01 Total Fat Intake 89.9% 3.5e-01 1.1e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.8e-02 1.0e-01 2.4e-01 4.7e-01 8.3e-01 1.1e+00 1.6e+00 

Age 11 to <16 years

Total Dietary Intake 97.0% 2.3e+01 3.9e-01 0.0e+00 7.3e+00 9.8e+00 1.5e+01 2.2e+01 3.0e+01 3.9e+01 4.6e+01 6.0e+01 Total Dairy Intake 96.1% 7.7e+00 2.1e-01 0.0e+00 1.8e-01 6.1e-01 2.9e+00 6.4e+00 1.1e+01 1.6e+01 2.0e+01 3.2e+01 Total Meat Intake 96.5% 2.3e+00 5.0e-02 0.0e+00 2.4e-01 5.5e-01 1.2e+00 2.0e+00 3.0e+00 4.2e+00 5.2e+00 7.8e+00 Total Egg Intake 89.6% 3.0e-01 2.0e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.0e-03 2.2e-02 5.6e-02 1.9e-01 1.1e+00 1.4e+00 3.0e+00 Total Fish Intake 60.9% 2.2e-01 2.2e-02 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 5.4e-02 1.8e-01 4.7e-01 1.2e+00 3.1e+00 Total Grain Intake 97.0% 5.0e+00 9.7e-02 0.0e+00 1.3e+00 1.9e+00 2.9e+00 4.4e+00 6.5e+00 8.8e+00 1.1e+01 1.5e+01 Total Vegetable Intake 96.8% 4.2e+00 9.9e-02 0.0e+00 5.8e-01 1.2e+00 2.3e+00 3.6e+00 5.5e+00 7.9e+00 9.8e+00 1.5e+01 Total Fruit Intake 67.8% 3.4e+00 1.6e-01 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.0e+00 5.3e+00 9.3e+00 1.3e+01 1.8e+01 Total Fat Intake 93.2% 2.7e-01 9.0e-03 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.8e-02 8.5e-02 1.8e-01 3.4e-01 6.2e-01 8.2e-01 1.4e+00 

Age 16 to <21 years

Total Dietary Intake 99.1% 1.8E+01 4.0E-01 4.9E+00 7.0E+00 7.8E+00 1.6E+01 2.0E+01 2.8E+01 3.3E+01 3.6E+01 6.0E+01 Total Dairy Intake 97.9% 5.6E+00 2.4E-01 0.0E+00 2.6E-01 3.9E-01 2.0E+00 5.0E+00 7.1E+00 1.3E+01 1.6E+01 2.1E+01 Total Meat Intake 98.5% 2.1E+00 5.3E-02 0.0E+00 2.6E-01 5.0E-01 1.5E+00 1.8E+00 2.9E+00 4.1E+00 4.4E+00 5.6E+00 Total Egg Intake 93.3% 2.6E-01 2.2E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.6E-02 1.1E-01 2.3E-01 9.8E-01 1.6E+00 2.9E+00 Total Fish Intake 66.0% 1.9E-01 2.9E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.5E-01 2.2E-01 4.0E-01 7.0E-01 3.1E+00 Total Grain Intake 97.9% 5.6E+00 9.0E-02 2.2E-01 1.3E+00 1.8E+00 2.6E+00 3.9E+00 5.1E+00 6.6E+00 8.9E+00 1.6E+01 Total Vegetable Intake 97.9% 3.6E+00 8.0E-02 0.0E+00 1.5E-01 4.0E-01 8.9E-01 2.5E+00 5.1E+00 6.6E+00 1.2E+01 1.6E+01 Total Fruit Intake 97.9% 5.6E+00 2.0E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.1E-01 8.9E-01 5.9E+00 8.6E+00 1.3E+01 Total Fat Intake 97.9% 2.9E-01 8.0E-03 0.0E+00 2.9E-02 5.5E-02 8.0E-02 1.8E-01 4.2E-01 6.6E-01 1.0E+00 1.5E+00 

N = sample size; PC = percent consuming; SE = standard error; P1...P100 = percentiles.Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-85

Table 3-40 Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, MidFood Intake

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent In

Age 0 to <1month (g/day, as consumed) Age 0 to <1mo

Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.8E+02 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.8E+02 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0

Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0

Age 1 to <3 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <3 mo

Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.2E+02 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.2E+02 99.7% 1.5E+03 95.8% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.1E-01 0.1% 4.0E+00 0.3% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.6E+01 2.9% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.7E+00 0.2% 1.7E+01 1.1% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0

Age 3 to <6 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 mo

Total Foods 1.5E+00 100.0% 9.2E+02 100.0% 1.8E+03 100.0% Total Foods 2.3E-02 100.0% 1.3Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.4E+02 91.2% 1.5E+03 87.7% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.2Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.1E+00 0.1% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 5.Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6E-01 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.1E-02 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.Total Grains 1.5E+00 100.0% 6.6E+00 0.7% 2.7E+01 1.6% Total Grains 2.3E-02 100.0% 1.5Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E+00 0.2% 5.9E+01 3.3% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 3.3Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.3E+01 7.9% 1.3E+02 7.3% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.9Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E-01 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 3.

Age 6 to <12 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <12 mo

Total Foods 2.3E+02 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.8E+03 100.0% Total Foods 7.2E+00 100.0% 1.2Total Dairy 3.7E+01 16.1% 8.3E+02 72.2% 1.3E+03 74.0% Total Dairy 3.2E-01 4.4% 8.0Total Meats 2.7E+00 1.2% 1.6E+01 1.4% 1.2E+01 0.7% Total Meats 3.5E-02 0.5% 2.5Total Fish 1.1E+00 0.5% 1.1E+00 0.1% 9.1E-01 0.1% Total Fish 9.7E-02 1.4% 9.Total Eggs 1.1E+00 0.5% 1.5E+01 1.3% 9.1E-01 0.1% Total Eggs 1.2E-01 1.7% 8.Total Grains 3.2E+01 14.1% 3.8E+01 3.3% 9.0E+01 5.0% Total Grains 1.7E+00 23.6% 6.6Total Vegetables 5.8E+01 25.5% 9.3E+01 8.1% 1.5E+02 8.5% Total Vegetables 2.2E+00 30.2% 1.2Total Fruits 9.6E+01 42.0% 1.6E+02 13.6% 2.1E+02 11.7% Total Fruits 2.7E+00 38.2% 1.9
Table 3-40. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, 

Total Food Intake (continued)

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent In

3-86

Total Fats a 2.7E-01 0.1% 1.5E+00 0.1% 8.5E-01 0.0% Total Fats a 2.5E-03 0.0% 1.

Age 1 to <2 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <2 ye

Total Foods 3.9E+02 100.0% 9.0E+02 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.5E+01 100.0% 7.3Total Dairy 1.2E+02 31.3% 4.0E+02 44.4% 8.0E+02 51.5% Total Dairy 4.4E+00 29.6% 3.3Total Meats 3.4E+01 8.6% 5.4E+01 6.0% 6.3E+01 4.1% Total Meats 1.5E+00 9.9% 3.9Total Fish 1.9E+00 0.5% 4.9E+00 0.5% 5.9E+00 0.4% Total Fish 7.3E-02 0.5% 4.Total Eggs 1.1E+01 2.8% 1.2E+01 1.3% 2.0E+01 1.3% Total Eggs 5.6E-01 3.7% 1.2Total Grains 9.0E+01 23.2% 1.3E+02 14.5% 1.5E+02 9.4% Total Grains 3.5E+00 23.2% 9.6Total Vegetables 5.9E+01 15.1% 1.1E+02 12.2% 1.6E+02 10.0% Total Vegetables 2.6E+00 17.1% 8.8Total Fruits 6.9E+01 17.7% 1.8E+02 20.6% 3.6E+02 23.0% Total Fruits 2.3E+00 15.3% 1.6Total Fats a 3.1E+00 0.8% 4.5E+00 0.5% 5.2E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 1.1E-01 0.7% 3.

Age 2 to <3 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 2 to <3 ye

Total Foods 5.6E+02 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% 2.2E+03 100.0% Total Foods 2.2E+01 100.0% 9.2Total Dairy 1.2E+02 30.7% 4.5E+02 49.6% 8.5E+02 54.5% Total Dairy 5.3E+00 35.4% 3.0Total Meats 3.5E+01 9.0% 4.9E+01 5.5% 6.1E+01 4.0% Total Meats 1.4E+00 9.1% 4.3Total Fish 1.5E+00 0.4% 4.4E+00 0.5% 5.3E+00 0.3% Total Fish 7.9E-02 0.5% 4.Total Eggs 1.2E+01 3.0% 1.2E+01 1.3% 1.8E+01 1.1% Total Eggs 6.1E-01 4.1% 1.2Total Grains 9.6E+01 24.8% 1.2E+02 13.2% 1.6E+02 10.0% Total Grains 2.9E+00 19.6% 9.9Total Vegetables 6.0E+01 15.6% 9.7E+01 10.7% 1.4E+02 8.7% Total Vegetables 2.4E+00 15.7% 8.9Total Fruits 6.1E+01 15.7% 1.7E+02 18.6% 3.3E+02 21.0% Total Fruits 2.2E+00 14.8% 1.8Total Fats a 3.3E+00 0.8% 4.4E+00 0.5% 5.3E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 1.2E-01 0.8% 3.

Age 3 to <6 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 ye

Total Foods 4.7E+02 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% 1.8E+03 100.0% Total Foods 6.8E+00 100.0% 5.4Total Dairy 1.5E+02 31.0% 4.0E+02 40.0% 7.2E+02 39.9% Total Dairy 1.8E+00 27.1% 2.2Total Meats 6.1E+01 12.9% 7.8E+01 7.9% 1.0E+02 5.8% Total Meats 9.5E-01 14.0% 4.5Total Fish 4.1E+00 0.9% 6.5E+00 0.7% 1.0E+01 0.6% Total Fish 4.1E-02 0.6% 3.Total Eggs 1.0E+01 2.1% 1.1E+01 1.1% 2.5E+01 1.4% Total Eggs 2.0E-01 2.9% 6.Total Grains 1.1E+02 24.0% 1.9E+02 18.6% 2.8E+02 15.5% Total Grains 1.8E+00 27.0% 1.0Total Vegetables 8.1E+01 17.0% 1.3E+02 13.2% 2.1E+02 11.9% Total Vegetables 1.2E+00 17.2% 7.Total Fruits 5.3E+01 11.1% 1.8E+02 17.9% 4.4E+02 24.4% Total Fruits 6.9E-01 10.1% 9.Total Fats a 4.7E+00 1.0% 7.0E+00 0.7% 1.2E+01 0.7% Total Fats a 8.3E-02 1.2% 4.

Age 6 to <11 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <11 ye

Total Foods 5.3E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 2.0E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.3E+00 100.0% 3.6Total Dairy 1.6E+02 29.9% 3.9E+02 37.2% 7.9E+02 40.6% Total Dairy 7.7E-01 23.7% 1.5Total Meats 7.5E+01 14.2% 9.7E+01 9.2% 1.2E+02 6.1% Total Meats 5.1E-01 15.7% 3.Total Fish 8.9E+00 1.7% 7.6E+00 0.7% 1.2E+01 0.6% Total Fish 3.9E-02 1.2% 2.Total Eggs 7.8E+00 1.5% 1.3E+01 1.2% 2.2E+01 1.1% Total Eggs 9.2E-02 2.8% 3.
Table 3-40. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, 

Total Food Intake (continued)

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent In

3-87

Total Grains 1.4E+02 26.1% 2.1E+02 19.9% 3.3E+02 17.1% Total Grains 9.8E-01 29.9% 7.4Total Vegetables 9.2E+01 17.5% 1.7E+02 16.1% 2.7E+02 13.8% Total Vegetables 6.6E-01 20.3% 4.7Total Fruits 4.2E+01 8.0% 1.6E+02 14.8% 3.9E+02 19.8% Total Fruits 1.5E-01 4.6% 4.Total Fats a 6.0E+00 1.1% 9.9E+00 0.9% 1.4E+01 0.7% Total Fats a 5.5E-02 1.7% 3.

Age 11 to <16 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 11 to <16 y

Total Foods 4.8E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 2.3E+03 100.0% Total Foods 4.9E+00 100.0% 2.Total Dairy 8.2E+01 17.1% 3.5E+02 32.0% 8.3E+02 36.6% Total Dairy 7.3E-01 14.7% 6.5Total Meats 7.7E+01 16.1% 1.2E+02 10.6% 1.8E+02 7.8% Total Meats 8.6E-01 17.3% 2.6Total Fish 5.3E+00 1.1% 5.6E+00 0.5% 1.9E+01 0.8% Total Fish 6.5E-02 1.3% 1.Total Eggs 9.2E+00 1.9% 1.5E+01 1.4% 2.1E+01 0.9% Total Eggs 9.4E-02 1.9% 3.Total Grains 1.4E+02 29.3% 2.4E+02 22.1% 4.0E+02 17.5% Total Grains 1.5E+00 30.3% 4.8Total Vegetables 1.2E+02 25.3% 2.0E+02 18.6% 4.0E+02 17.5% Total Vegetables 1.3E+00 27.1% 3.9Total Fruits 3.6E+01 7.5% 1.5E+02 13.7% 4.0E+02 17.7% Total Fruits 2.7E-01 5.4% 2.7Total Fats a 8.0E+00 1.7% 1.1E+01 1.0% 2.3E+01 1.0% Total Fats a 9.7E-02 2.0% 2.

Age 16 to <21 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 16 to <21 y

Total Foods 4.1E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 2.4E+03 100.0% Total Foods 5.6E+00 100.0% 1.7Total Dairy 7.2E+01 17.4% 3.5E+02 30.8% 1.0E+03 41.1% Total Dairy 1.5E+00 27.4% 3.4Total Meats 6.9E+01 16.7% 1.3E+02 11.4% 1.9E+02 7.9% Total Meats 1.0E+00 18.1% 2.2Total Fish 5.7E+00 1.4% 1.5E+01 1.3% 1.8E+01 0.8% Total Fish 1.5E-01 2.7% 6.Total Eggs 8.3E+00 2.0% 2.1E+01 1.8% 1.6E+01 0.7% Total Eggs 1.3E-01 2.3% 2.Total Grains 1.2E+02 28.3% 2.3E+02 20.4% 4.1E+02 16.8% Total Grains 1.3E+00 23.8% 4.5Total Vegetables 1.1E+02 26.2% 2.3E+02 20.4% 3.8E+02 15.8% Total Vegetables 1.0E+00 18.4% 4.2Total Fruits 2.5E+01 6.1% 1.4E+02 12.3% 3.9E+02 15.9% Total Fruits 3.4E-01 6.0% 2.Total Fats a 8.0E+00 1.9% 1.8E+01 1.6% 2.8E+01 1.2% Total Fats a 7.2E-02 1.3% 2.

aIncludes added fats such as butter, margarine, dressings and sauces, vegetable oil, etc.; does not include fats eaten as components of other foods such as meats.

Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-88

Table 3-41. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid

Meat Intake

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-rang

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake 

Age 0 to <1month (g/day, as consumed) Age 0 to <1month 

Total Foods 7.3E+02 100.0% 5.8E+02 100.0% 1.7E+02 100.0% Total Foods 2.3E+02 100.0% 1.6E+0Total Dairy 7.3E+02 100.0% 5.8E+02 100.0% 1.7E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 2.3E+02 100.0% 1.6E+0Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0

Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0

Age 1 to <3 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <3 months 

Total Foods 8.1E+02 100.0% 8.3E+02 100.0% 8.5E+02 100.0% Total Foods 1.8E+02 100.0% 1.1E+0Total Dairy 8.0E+02 98.6% 8.3E+02 99.8% 8.3E+02 97.9% Total Dairy 1.7E+02 98.6% 1.1E+0Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Grains 1.2E+00 0.1% 1.7E+00 0.2% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 2.7E-01 0.2% 2.6E-0Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Fruits 1.0E+01 1.3% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E+01 2.1% Total Fruits 2.2E+00 1.2% 0.0E+0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0

Age 3 to <6 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 months 

Total Foods 8.1E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.3E+02 100.0% 1.4E+0Total Dairy 7.0E+02 86.2% 9.9E+02 94.0% 7.5E+02 73.0% Total Dairy 1.1E+02 87.7% 1.3E+0Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 2.1E+01 2.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 2.0E+00 0.2% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.4E+00 0.4% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+0Total Grains 4.6E+00 0.6% 1.9E+01 1.8% 2.8E+01 2.7% Total Grains 6.5E-01 0.5% 2.3E+0Total Vegetables 1.2E+01 1.5% 2.9E+01 2.7% 6.5E+01 6.3% Total Vegetables 1.6E+00 1.3% 2.8E+0Total Fruits 9.5E+01 11.7% 1.6E+01 1.5% 1.6E+02 15.2% Total Fruits 1.3E+01 10.5% 2.4E+0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 9.8E-02 0.0% 1.1E+00 0.1% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4E-02 

Age 6 to <12 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <12 months 

Total Foods 1.0E+03 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.3E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.3E+02 100.0% 1.3E+0Total Dairy 6.8E+02 66.0% 8.6E+02 73.8% 8.5E+02 63.6% Total Dairy 8.3E+01 66.2% 9.3E+0Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.1E+01 1.0% 7.5E+01 5.7% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.1E+0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 6.0E-01 0.1% 1.7E+00 0.1% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 6.0E-02 Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.5E+01 1.3% 1.9E+01 1.5% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.0E+0Total Grains 2.7E+01 2.6% 7.2E+01 6.2% 1.1E+02 8.5% Total Grains 3.6E+00 2.9% 7.1E+0Total Vegetables 9.2E+01 8.9% 8.6E+01 7.4% 1.2E+02 9.1% Total Vegetables 1.1E+01 9.0% 1.1E+0Total Fruits 2.3E+02 22.5% 1.2E+02 10.2% 1.5E+02 11.3% Total Fruits 2.8E+01 22.0% 1.4E+0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E+00 0.2% 2.8E+00 0.2% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E-0
Table 3-41. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, M

Total Meat Intake (continued)

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-rang

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake 

3-89

Age 1 to <2 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <2 years (

Total Foods 7.9E+02 100.0% 9.0E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% Total Foods 4.0E+01 100.0% 7.1E+0Total Dairy 4.5E+02 57.5% 4.3E+02 47.6% 4.6E+02 42.2% Total Dairy 2.5E+01 61.4% 3.3E+0Total Meats 4.9E+00 0.6% 4.0E+01 4.4% 1.2E+02 11.1% Total Meats 1.3E-01 0.3% 3.3E+0Total Fish 2.0E+00 0.3% 3.9E+00 0.4% 6.4E+00 0.6% Total Fish 7.1E-02 0.2% 3.8E-0Total Eggs 8.7E+00 1.1% 1.3E+01 1.5% 1.7E+01 1.6% Total Eggs 2.4E-01 0.6% 1.1E+0Total Grains 7.6E+01 9.6% 1.1E+02 12.3% 1.3E+02 12.3% Total Grains 2.9E+00 7.2% 8.5E+0Total Vegetables 6.9E+01 8.7% 9.6E+01 10.7% 1.3E+02 12.0% Total Vegetables 3.7E+00 9.4% 7.1E+0Total Fruits 1.7E+02 22.0% 2.0E+02 22.6% 2.1E+02 19.4% Total Fruits 8.4E+00 20.9% 1.7E+0Total Fats a 1.5E+00 0.2% 4.4E+00 0.5% 8.3E+00 0.8% Total Fats a 3.7E-02 0.1% 3.0E-01 

Age 2 to <3 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 2 to <3 years(

Total Foods 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.4E+03 100.0% Total Foods 7.4E+01 100.0% 1.0E+0Total Dairy 5.0E+02 63.0% 4.6E+02 51.7% 4.5E+02 41.0% Total Dairy 2.6E+01 63.9% 3.5E+0Total Meats 4.6E+00 0.6% 3.8E+01 4.2% 1.3E+02 12.2% Total Meats 1.2E-01 0.3% 3.4E+0Total Fish 1.9E+00 0.2% 3.8E+00 0.4% 5.7E+00 0.5% Total Fish 5.9E-02 0.1% 4.0E-0Total Eggs 7.8E+00 1.0% 1.4E+01 1.5% 1.5E+01 1.4% Total Eggs 2.3E-01 0.6% 9.2E-0Total Grains 6.5E+01 8.2% 1.1E+02 12.0% 1.4E+02 13.2% Total Grains 2.5E+00 6.3% 8.5E+0Total Vegetables 6.7E+01 8.5% 8.7E+01 9.7% 1.2E+02 11.0% Total Vegetables 3.5E+00 8.6% 6.9E+0Total Fruits 1.4E+02 18.3% 1.8E+02 20.0% 2.2E+02 19.9% Total Fruits 8.0E+00 20.1% 1.5E+0Total Fats a 1.4E+00 0.2% 3.8E+00 0.4% 7.7E+00 0.7% Total Fats a 3.1E-02 0.1% 3.2E-01 

Age 3 to <6 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 years (

Total Foods 9.7E+02 100.0% 9.6E+02 100.0% 1.3E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.8E+01 100.0% 5.8E+0Total Dairy 4.0E+02 41.3% 3.7E+02 38.8% 3.7E+02 29.9% Total Dairy 7.9E+00 44.6% 2.3E+0Total Meats 1.3E+01 1.4% 7.0E+01 7.3% 1.9E+02 14.9% Total Meats 7.8E-02 0.4% 3.8E+0Total Fish 6.5E+00 0.7% 4.6E+00 0.5% 7.7E+00 0.6% Total Fish 1.2E-01 0.7% 4.0E-0Total Eggs 1.2E+01 1.2% 1.6E+01 1.6% 1.9E+01 1.5% Total Eggs 1.4E-01 0.8% 6.6E-0Total Grains 1.9E+02 19.6% 1.7E+02 17.8% 2.3E+02 18.7% Total Grains 3.2E+00 17.7% 9.9E+0Total Vegetables 1.1E+02 10.9% 1.4E+02 14.5% 1.9E+02 14.9% Total Vegetables 1.6E+00 9.0% 7.5E+0Total Fruits 2.4E+02 24.4% 1.8E+02 18.7% 2.3E+02 18.7% Total Fruits 4.7E+00 26.5% 1.2E+0Total Fats a 4.8E+00 0.5% 7.2E+00 0.7% 1.1E+01 0.9% Total Fats a 6.3E-02 0.4% 4.1E-01 

Age 6 to <11 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <11 years 

Total Foods 1.0E+03 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.4E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.2E+01 100.0% 3.6E+0Total Dairy 4.4E+02 43.4% 4.5E+02 41.0% 4.4E+02 32.5% Total Dairy 4.9E+00 41.8% 1.4E+0Total Meats 1.4E+01 1.4% 8.6E+01 7.9% 2.2E+02 16.2% Total Meats 2.9E-02 0.3% 2.7E+0Total Fish 4.1E+00 0.4% 8.7E+00 0.8% 9.0E+00 0.7% Total Fish 1.0E-01 0.9% 3.2E-0Total Eggs 1.0E+01 1.0% 1.0E+01 0.9% 1.7E+01 1.2% Total Eggs 1.1E-01 0.9% 4.2E-0Total Grains 2.2E+02 21.6% 2.1E+02 19.3% 2.5E+02 18.4% Total Grains 2.5E+00 21.2% 7.2E+0Total Vegetables 1.3E+02 13.3% 1.7E+02 15.5% 2.4E+02 17.7% Total Vegetables 1.7E+00 14.7% 5.5E+0Total Fruits 1.8E+02 18.1% 1.5E+02 13.6% 1.7E+02 12.4% Total Fruits 2.3E+00 19.5% 5.4E+0Total Fats a 8.0E+00 0.8% 1.2E+01 1.1% 1.2E+01 0.9% Total Fats a 7.2E-02 0.6% 3.4E-01 
Table 3-41. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, M

Total Meat Intake (continued)

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-rang

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake 

3-90

Age 11 to <16 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 11 to <16 years 

Total Foods 1.0E+03 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.3E+01 100.0% 2.1E+0Total Dairy 3.7E+02 36.2% 3.2E+02 29.9% 3.9E+02 25.4% Total Dairy 4.5E+00 35.8% 6.6E+0Total Meats 2.0E+01 2.0% 1.1E+02 10.0% 2.9E+02 18.8% Total Meats 2.0E-01 1.6% 2.0E+0Total Fish 7.5E+00 0.7% 1.3E+01 1.2% 1.6E+01 1.0% Total Fish 5.7E-02 0.5% 1.5E-0Total Eggs 1.4E+01 1.4% 1.2E+01 1.1% 2.5E+01 1.6% Total Eggs 1.8E-01 1.4% 3.0E-0Total Grains 2.3E+02 22.3% 2.4E+02 22.6% 3.1E+02 19.8% Total Grains 3.0E+00 23.8% 4.7E+0Total Vegetables 1.8E+02 17.4% 2.0E+02 18.2% 3.3E+02 21.1% Total Vegetables 2.3E+00 18.3% 3.7E+0Total Fruits 1.9E+02 19.0% 1.7E+02 16.0% 1.7E+02 11.1% Total Fruits 2.2E+00 17.6% 3.4E+0Total Fats a 1.1E+01 1.1% 1.2E+01 1.1% 1.8E+01 1.2% Total Fats a 1.4E-01 1.1% 2.4E-01 

Age 16 to <21 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 16 to <21 years 

Total Foods 7.8E+02 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.7E+03 100.0% Total Foods 5.5E+00 100.0% 1.7E+0Total Dairy 2.4E+02 30.7% 3.8E+02 31.7% 4.8E+02 28.0% Total Dairy 1.2E+00 21.4% 4.5E+0Total Meats 1.9E+01 2.5% 1.4E+02 11.6% 2.9E+02 16.9% Total Meats 1.0E+00 18.1% 2.1E+0Total Fish 1.1E+01 1.4% 1.1E+01 0.9% 1.6E+01 0.9% Total Fish 1.4E-01 2.6% 7.4E-02 Total Eggs 1.3E+01 1.7% 5.5E+00 0.5% 2.8E+01 1.7% Total Eggs 1.1E-01 2.0% 2.2E-0Total Grains 1.9E+02 24.9% 3.1E+02 25.8% 4.1E+02 23.7% Total Grains 1.5E+00 26.6% 3.8E+0Total Vegetables 1.5E+02 19.4% 2.0E+02 16.4% 3.4E+02 20.1% Total Vegetables 1.2E+00 21.2% 3.7E+0Total Fruits 1.4E+02 18.2% 1.5E+02 12.1% 1.2E+02 7.2% Total Fruits 3.8E-01 6.9% 2.3E+0Total Fats a 9.9E+00 1.3% 1.3E+01 1.1% 2.5E+01 1.5% Total Fats a 6.6E-02 1.2% 2.8E-0

aIncludes added fats such as butter, margarine, dressings and sauces, vegetable oil, etc.; does not include fats eaten as components of other foods such as meats.

Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-91

Table 3-42. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid

Meat and Dairy Intake

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent In

Age 0 to <1 month (g/day, as consumed) Age 0 to <1 m

Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.8E+02 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.8E+02 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0

Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0

Age 1 to <3 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <3 m

Total Foods 5.2E+00 100.0% 8.2E+02 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.1E+00 100.0% 1.6Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.2E+02 99.7% 1.5E+03 95.8% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.1E-01 0.1% 4.0E+00 0.3% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.6E+01 2.9% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0Total Fruits 5.2E+00 100.0% 1.7E+00 0.2% 1.7E+01 1.1% Total Fruits 1.1E+00 100.0% 0.0Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0

Age 3 to <6 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 m

Total Foods 3.7E+00 100.0% 9.3E+02 100.0% 1.7E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.7E-01 100.0% 1.3Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.1E+02 86.7% 1.6E+03 94.8% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.5E+00 0.2% 1.1E+00 0.1% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 5.Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6E-01 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.1E-02 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.Total Grains 1.7E+00 46.1% 8.6E+00 0.9% 1.3E+01 0.8% Total Grains 1.8E-01 49.3% 9.Total Vegetables 1.3E+00 34.3% 2.2E+01 2.3% 4.0E+01 2.4% Total Vegetables 1.9E-01 50.7% 1.4Total Fruits 7.2E-01 19.6% 9.2E+01 9.9% 3.3E+01 2.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.2Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E-01 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 3.

Age 6 to <12 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <12 m

Total Foods 2.8E+02 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.8E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.4E+01 100.0% 1.3Total Dairy 2.1E+01 7.5% 7.7E+02 66.4% 1.4E+03 80.8% Total Dairy 2.7E-02 0.2% 8.Total Meats 6.9E+00 2.5% 2.0E+01 1.7% 1.8E+01 1.0% Total Meats 1.7E-02 0.1% 2.9Total Fish 1.5E+00 0.5% 1.7E+00 0.1% 6.6E-01 0.0% Total Fish 2.4E-03 0.0% 1.Total Eggs 3.9E+00 1.4% 1.3E+01 1.1% 2.3E+00 0.1% Total Eggs 6.1E-04 0.0% 1.9Total Grains 4.3E+01 15.6% 8.7E+01 7.5% 6.7E+01 3.8% Total Grains 1.6E+00 11.5% 9.4Total Vegetables 6.9E+01 24.9% 1.1E+02 9.9% 9.0E+01 5.1% Total Vegetables 4.1E+00 29.7% 1.6
Table 3-42. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mi

Total Meat and Dairy Intake (continued)

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent In

3-92

Total Fruits 1.3E+02 47.4% 1.5E+02 13.2% 1.6E+02 9.1% Total Fruits 8.1E+00 58.4% 1.9Total Fats a 4.4E-01 0.2% 2.0E+00 0.2% 9.4E-01 0.1% Total Fats a 1.2E-03 0.0% 1.

Age 1 to <2 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <2 

Total Foods 7.1E+02 100.0% 9.5E+02 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.0E+01 100.0% 6.9Total Dairy 1.0E+02 14.3% 3.8E+02 40.0% 8.1E+02 67.1% Total Dairy 4.3E+00 14.4% 2.5Total Meats 4.4E+01 6.2% 5.3E+01 5.6% 4.5E+01 3.8% Total Meats 2.0E+00 6.7% 4.4Total Fish 3.5E+00 0.5% 4.8E+00 0.5% 3.5E+00 0.3% Total Fish 5.9E-02 0.2% 2.Total Eggs 1.8E+01 2.5% 1.3E+01 1.3% 1.0E+01 0.8% Total Eggs 8.6E-01 2.9% 1.2Total Grains 1.4E+02 19.3% 1.5E+02 16.0% 9.7E+01 8.0% Total Grains 6.5E+00 21.5% 8.9Total Vegetables 1.1E+02 16.1% 1.0E+02 10.8% 9.3E+01 7.7% Total Vegetables 5.3E+00 17.8% 8.Total Fruits 2.9E+02 40.5% 2.4E+02 25.3% 1.5E+02 12.1% Total Fruits 1.1E+01 35.9% 2.0Total Fats a 4.3E+00 0.6% 5.0E+00 0.5% 3.6E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 1.9E-01 0.6% 3.

Age 2 to <3 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 2 to <3 

Total Foods 7.3E+02 100.0% 1.3E+03 100.0% 2.1E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.4E+01 100.0% 9.9Total Dairy 1.2E+02 16.3% 4.0E+02 41.9% 8.1E+02 66.5% Total Dairy 4.3E+00 14.4% 3.0Total Meats 4.8E+01 6.8% 5.4E+01 5.6% 4.8E+01 4.0% Total Meats 1.7E+00 5.6% 3.Total Fish 3.1E+00 0.4% 4.1E+00 0.4% 3.8E+00 0.3% Total Fish 5.4E-02 0.2% 2.Total Eggs 1.6E+01 2.2% 1.3E+01 1.4% 1.0E+01 0.8% Total Eggs 8.1E-01 2.7% 1.Total Grains 1.2E+02 16.6% 1.5E+02 15.7% 9.7E+01 8.0% Total Grains 6.1E+00 20.3% 8.4Total Vegetables 1.2E+02 17.4% 9.1E+01 9.6% 9.6E+01 7.9% Total Vegetables 5.5E+00 18.2% 7.5Total Fruits 2.8E+02 39.7% 2.4E+02 24.9% 1.5E+02 12.2% Total Fruits 1.1E+01 38.0% 1.Total Fats a 3.7E+00 0.5% 4.5E+00 0.5% 3.1E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 2.0E-01 0.7% 3.

Age 3 to <6 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 

Total Foods 7.0E+02 100.0% 9.8E+02 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.3E+01 100.0% 5.5Total Dairy 7.8E+01 11.2% 3.6E+02 37.1% 8.9E+02 55.4% Total Dairy 7.9E-01 6.2% 1.9Total Meats 5.9E+01 8.4% 7.5E+01 7.6% 8.7E+01 5.4% Total Meats 8.4E-01 6.6% 4.6Total Fish 5.9E+00 0.8% 7.5E+00 0.8% 6.7E+00 0.4% Total Fish 6.8E-02 0.5% 3.Total Eggs 1.4E+01 2.0% 1.5E+01 1.5% 1.7E+01 1.1% Total Eggs 2.9E-01 2.3% 7.Total Grains 1.8E+02 26.1% 1.8E+02 18.4% 2.2E+02 13.5% Total Grains 3.2E+00 25.7% 1.Total Vegetables 1.3E+02 17.9% 1.3E+02 13.3% 1.5E+02 9.4% Total Vegetables 2.4E+00 18.9% 7.Total Fruits 2.3E+02 32.6% 2.0E+02 20.5% 2.3E+02 14.2% Total Fruits 4.9E+00 38.6% 1.Total Fats a 6.6E+00 0.9% 7.5E+00 0.8% 8.9E+00 0.6% Total Fats a 1.5E-01 1.1% 4.

Age 6 to <11 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <11 

Total Foods 6.9E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.8E+03 100.0% Total Foods 5.0E+00 100.0% 3.Total Dairy 8.3E+01 12.0% 3.9E+02 37.4% 9.2E+02 51.7% Total Dairy 3.5E-01 7.1% 1.3Total Meats 7.2E+01 10.3% 9.3E+01 8.9% 1.2E+02 6.8% Total Meats 5.1E-01 10.1% 3.Total Fish 1.1E+01 1.6% 7.8E+00 0.7% 8.3E+00 0.5% Total Fish 3.7E-02 0.7% 2.Total Eggs 1.2E+01 1.8% 1.4E+01 1.3% 1.4E+01 0.8% Total Eggs 1.3E-01 2.5% 4.
Table 3-42. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mi

Total Meat and Dairy Intake (continued)

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent In

3-93

Total Grains 1.8E+02 26.2% 2.2E+02 21.1% 2.8E+02 16.0% Total Grains 1.4E+00 27.7% 7.Total Vegetables 1.5E+02 22.2% 1.6E+02 15.4% 2.0E+02 11.2% Total Vegetables 1.3E+00 26.1% 5.6Total Fruits 1.7E+02 24.5% 1.5E+02 14.3% 2.2E+02 12.2% Total Fruits 1.2E+00 24.0% 7.2Total Fats a 9.5E+00 1.4% 9.2E+00 0.9% 1.3E+01 0.8% Total Fats a 8.0E-02 1.6% 3.

Age 11 to <16 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 11 to <16 

Total Foods 6.8E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 2.0E+03 100.0% Total Foods 7.7E+00 100.0% 2.2Total Dairy 3.6E+01 5.3% 3.3E+02 30.5% 1.0E+03 50.2% Total Dairy 3.4E-01 4.4% 6.2Total Meats 6.7E+01 9.8% 1.2E+02 11.4% 1.7E+02 8.2% Total Meats 6.6E-01 8.5% 2.Total Fish 8.4E+00 1.2% 1.1E+01 1.0% 1.2E+01 0.6% Total Fish 8.4E-02 1.1% 2.Total Eggs 1.9E+01 2.7% 1.3E+01 1.2% 1.9E+01 0.9% Total Eggs 2.2E-01 2.9% 3.Total Grains 2.0E+02 29.3% 2.4E+02 22.6% 3.3E+02 16.2% Total Grains 2.4E+00 31.2% 4.9Total Vegetables 1.9E+02 27.3% 2.1E+02 19.7% 2.9E+02 14.1% Total Vegetables 2.1E+00 27.8% 4.Total Fruits 1.6E+02 22.8% 1.4E+02 12.5% 1.8E+02 8.8% Total Fruits 1.7E+00 22.3% 3.Total Fats a 1.0E+01 1.5% 1.2E+01 1.1% 1.9E+01 1.0% Total Fats a 1.3E-01 1.7% 2.

Age 16 to <21 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 16 to <21 

Total Foods 6.1E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 2.2E+03 100.0% Total Foods 9.0E+00 100.0% 1.7Total Dairy 8.5E+01 14.1% 3.0E+02 28.8% 1.1E+03 49.2% Total Dairy 9.7E-01 10.7% 4.Total Meats 5.3E+01 8.8% 1.7E+02 15.7% 1.5E+02 6.9% Total Meats 7.0E-01 7.8% 2.Total Fish 1.6E+01 2.7% 1.4E+01 1.3% 7.5E+00 0.3% Total Fish 1.9E-01 2.2% 1.Total Eggs 1.5E+01 2.5% 1.4E+01 1.3% 2.1E+01 0.9% Total Eggs 2.4E-01 2.7% 2.Total Grains 1.7E+02 27.2% 2.6E+02 25.0% 4.1E+02 18.6% Total Grains 2.4E+00 27.2% 3.Total Vegetables 1.4E+02 23.2% 2.3E+02 21.3% 3.3E+02 14.7% Total Vegetables 2.3E+00 25.5% 3.4Total Fruits 1.2E+02 19.7% 5.8E+01 5.5% 1.8E+02 8.1% Total Fruits 2.0E+00 22.6% 2.2Total Fats a 1.0E+01 1.7% 1.2E+01 1.1% 2.6E+01 1.2% Total Fats a 1.3E-01 1.4% 1.

aIncludes added fats such as butter, margarine, dressings and sauces, vegetable oil, etc.; does not include fats eaten as components of other foods such as meats.

Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-94

Table 3-43. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid

Fish Intake

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers 

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent 

Age 0 to <1month (g/day, as consumed) Age 0 to <

Total Foods 7.3E+02 100.0% 5.8E+02 100.0% 1.7E+02 100.0% Total Foods 2.3E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 7.3E+02 100.0% 5.8E+02 100.0% 1.7E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 2.3E+02 100.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 

Age 1 to <3 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <3 

Total Foods 8.1E+02 100.0% 8.3E+02 100.0% 8.5E+02 100.0% Total Foods 1.8E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 8.0E+02 98.6% 8.3E+02 99.8% 8.3E+02 97.9% Total Dairy 1.7E+02 98.6% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 1.2E+00 0.1% 1.7E+00 0.2% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 2.7E-01 0.2% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 1.0E+01 1.3% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E+01 2.1% Total Fruits 2.2E+00 1.2% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 

Age 3 to <6 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 

Total Foods 9.3E+02 100.0% 9.7E+02 100.0% 9.7E+02 100.0% Total Foods 1.4E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 8.0E+02 86.1% 8.8E+02 90.0% 7.0E+02 71.7% Total Dairy 1.2E+02 87.4% Total Meats 3.2E+00 0.3% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6E+01 1.7% Total Meats 4.7E-01 0.3% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 2.0E+00 0.2% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.4E+00 0.5% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 4.4E+00 0.5% 1.8E+01 1.9% 2.8E+01 2.8% Total Grains 6.4E-01 0.4% Total Vegetables 1.2E+01 1.3% 3.5E+01 3.6% 7.8E+01 8.0% Total Vegetables 1.6E+00 1.1% Total Fruits 1.1E+02 11.8% 4.4E+01 4.6% 1.5E+02 15.1% Total Fruits 1.5E+01 10.7% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.1E+00 0.1% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 

Age 6 to <12 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <12 

Total Foods 1.1E+03 100.0% 9.8E+02 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.3E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 6.9E+02 64.6% 7.0E+02 71.4% 6.9E+02 55.5% Total Dairy 8.1E+01 64.8% Total Meats 9.6E+00 0.9% 1.6E+01 1.6% 4.1E+01 3.3% Total Meats 9.6E-01 0.8% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.0E+01 0.8% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 2.4E+00 0.2% 1.2E+01 1.3% 9.6E+00 0.8% Total Eggs 2.9E-01 0.2% Total Grains 3.8E+01 3.6% 5.2E+01 5.3% 1.1E+02 9.0% Total Grains 4.2E+00 3.3% Total Vegetables 1.1E+02 9.9% 7.0E+01 7.1% 1.7E+02 14.1% Total Vegetables 1.3E+01 10.4% Total Fruits 2.2E+02 20.8% 1.3E+02 13.1% 2.0E+02 16.3% Total Fruits 2.6E+01 20.4% Total Fats a 4.1E-01 0.0% 7.1E-01 0.1% 3.4E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 5.1E-02 0.0% 
Table 3-43. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mi

Total Fish Intake (continued)

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers 

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent 

3-95

Age 1 to <2 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <

Total Foods 8.4E+02 100.0% 9.4E+02 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% Total Foods 6.8E+01 100.0% Total Dairy 3.6E+02 42.2% 4.6E+02 49.0% 4.5E+02 42.7% Total Dairy 3.0E+01 44.1% Total Meats 4.5E+01 5.3% 4.2E+01 4.5% 6.3E+01 6.0% Total Meats 3.1E+00 4.5% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 9.8E-01 0.1% 2.9E+01 2.8% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 1.1E+01 1.4% 1.2E+01 1.3% 1.5E+01 1.4% Total Eggs 6.9E-01 1.0% Total Grains 1.1E+02 12.8% 1.4E+02 14.4% 1.5E+02 14.4% Total Grains 8.6E+00 12.6% Total Vegetables 7.7E+01 9.1% 1.2E+02 12.5% 1.2E+02 11.6% Total Vegetables 5.7E+00 8.4% Total Fruits 2.4E+02 28.7% 1.7E+02 17.8% 2.1E+02 20.6% Total Fruits 2.0E+01 28.8% Total Fats a 4.7E+00 0.6% 4.2E+00 0.4% 6.1E+00 0.6% Total Fats a 3.4E-01 0.5% 

Age 2 to <3 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 2 to <

Total Foods 1.4E+03 100.0% 9.6E+02 100.0% 1.4E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.0E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 4.0E+02 48.0% 4.7E+02 49.6% 4.7E+02 45.1% Total Dairy 2.9E+01 42.1% Total Meats 4.6E+01 5.4% 4.5E+01 4.8% 7.0E+01 6.7% Total Meats 2.7E+00 4.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.0E+00 0.1% 2.5E+01 2.4% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 1.0E+01 1.2% 1.1E+01 1.2% 1.3E+01 1.2% Total Eggs 7.6E-01 1.1% Total Grains 1.0E+02 12.3% 1.4E+02 15.3% 1.5E+02 14.8% Total Grains 9.3E+00 13.7% Total Vegetables 7.2E+01 8.5% 1.2E+02 13.0% 1.2E+02 11.3% Total Vegetables 5.8E+00 8.5% Total Fruits 2.0E+02 24.0% 1.5E+02 15.7% 1.9E+02 18.0% Total Fruits 2.0E+01 30.1% Total Fats a 4.9E+00 0.6% 4.0E+00 0.4% 5.4E+00 0.5% Total Fats a 3.6E-01 0.5% 

Age 3 to <6 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <

Total Foods 1.1E+03 100.0% 9.4E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% Total Foods 5.9E+01 100.0% Total Dairy 4.1E+02 38.7% 3.5E+02 37.7% 4.0E+02 35.7% Total Dairy 2.2E+01 38.2% Total Meats 6.5E+01 6.1% 7.4E+01 7.9% 8.4E+01 7.4% Total Meats 3.5E+00 6.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6E+00 0.2% 4.2E+01 3.7% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 1.0E+01 1.0% 1.2E+01 1.3% 1.4E+01 1.3% Total Eggs 5.6E-01 1.0% Total Grains 2.2E+02 20.6% 1.7E+02 18.4% 2.0E+02 17.6% Total Grains 1.2E+01 21.3% Total Vegetables 1.3E+02 11.7% 1.3E+02 14.3% 1.6E+02 14.4% Total Vegetables 6.9E+00 11.8% Total Fruits 2.3E+02 21.2% 1.8E+02 19.5% 2.2E+02 19.2% Total Fruits 1.2E+01 21.0% Total Fats a 7.1E+00 0.7% 6.9E+00 0.7% 9.9E+00 0.9% Total Fats a 3.9E-01 0.7% 

Age 6 to <11 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <1

Total Foods 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.9E+01 100.0% Total Dairy 4.6E+02 41.4% 4.4E+02 41.4% 4.3E+02 35.4% Total Dairy 1.6E+01 41.3% Total Meats 8.8E+01 8.0% 8.1E+01 7.7% 1.0E+02 8.5% Total Meats 3.0E+00 7.9% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 2.2E+00 0.2% 5.8E+01 4.7% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 1.0E+01 0.9% 1.2E+01 1.2% 1.6E+01 1.3% Total Eggs 3.8E-01 1.0% Total Grains 2.1E+02 18.9% 2.1E+02 20.1% 2.3E+02 18.4% Total Grains 7.2E+00 18.8% Total Vegetables 1.2E+02 11.1% 1.5E+02 14.6% 1.7E+02 13.9% Total Vegetables 4.2E+00 11.0% Total Fruits 2.1E+02 18.7% 1.5E+02 14.0% 2.1E+02 16.8% Total Fruits 7.4E+00 19.2% Total Fats a 9.8E+00 0.9% 8.5E+00 0.8% 1.0E+01 0.8% Total Fats a 3.4E-01 0.9% 
Table 3-43. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mi

Total Fish Intake (continued)

FoodGroup

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers 

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent 

3-96

Age 11 to <16 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 11 to <

Total Foods 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.4E+03 100.0% Total Foods 2.4E+01 100.0% Total Dairy 4.7E+02 40.2% 3.7E+02 32.0% 3.7E+02 26.4% Total Dairy 9.6E+00 40.5% Total Meats 1.0E+02 8.8% 1.0E+02 8.8% 1.5E+02 11.1% Total Meats 2.1E+00 8.9% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 2.8E+00 0.2% 6.7E+01 4.8% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 1.2E+01 1.1% 1.3E+01 1.2% 2.0E+01 1.4% Total Eggs 2.5E-01 1.1% Total Grains 2.4E+02 20.3% 2.6E+02 22.6% 2.8E+02 20.5% Total Grains 4.8E+00 20.2% Total Vegetables 1.8E+02 15.8% 2.1E+02 17.9% 2.7E+02 19.8% Total Vegetables 3.7E+00 15.5% Total Fruits 1.5E+02 12.8% 1.9E+02 16.2% 2.0E+02 14.5% Total Fruits 3.0E+00 12.9% Total Fats a 1.2E+01 1.0% 1.2E+01 1.0% 2.0E+01 1.4% Total Fats a 2.4E-01 1.0% 

Age 16 to <21 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 16 to <

Total Foods 1.2E+03 100.0% 9.9E+02 100.0% 1.4E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.9E+01 100.0% Total Dairy 4.1E+02 33.3% 4.1E+02 41.3% 4.4E+02 31.0% Total Dairy 6.2E+00 32.9% Total Meats 1.1E+02 8.9% 1.1E+02 11.3% 1.5E+02 10.5% Total Meats 1.7E+00 8.7% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 2.7E+00 0.3% 9.7E+01 6.9% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 2.1E+01 1.7% 9.1E+00 0.9% 2.3E+01 1.6% Total Eggs 3.0E-01 1.6% Total Grains 2.4E+02 19.7% 1.6E+02 16.1% 2.2E+02 15.3% Total Grains 4.0E+00 21.3% Total Vegetables 2.6E+02 20.9% 2.1E+02 21.0% 2.9E+02 20.5% Total Vegetables 4.0E+00 21.1% Total Fruits 1.7E+02 14.1% 7.8E+01 7.9% 1.8E+02 13.0% Total Fruits 2.5E+00 12.9% Total Fats a 1.8E+01 1.5% 1.1E+01 1.1% 1.8E+01 1.3% Total Fats a 2.9E-01 1.5% 

aIncludes added fats such as butter, margarine, dressings and sauces, vegetable oil, etc.; does not include fats eaten as components of other foods such as meats.

Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-97

Table 3-44. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid

Fruit and Vegetable Intake

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Int

Age 0 to <1month (g/day, as consumed) Age 0 to <1mon

Total Foods 7.3E+02 100.0% 5.8E+02 100.0% 1.7E+02 100.0% Total Foods 2.3E+02 100.0% 1.6ETotal Dairy 7.3E+02 100.0% 5.8E+02 100.0% 1.7E+02 100.0% Total Dairy 2.3E+02 100.0% 1.6ETotal Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E

Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E

Age 1 to <3 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <3 mon

Total Foods 8.2E+02 100.0% 7.1E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.7E+02 100.0% 1.2ETotal Dairy 8.1E+02 99.9% 7.1E+02 100.0% 9.7E+02 91.0% Total Dairy 1.7E+02 99.9% 1.2ETotal Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Grains 5.7E-01 0.1% 0.0E+00 0.0% 3.5E+00 0.3% Total Grains 1.4E-01 0.1% 0.0ETotal Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.6E+01 4.4% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.5E+01 4.3% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E

Age 3 to <6 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 mon

Total Foods 7.0E+02 100.0% 7.5E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.1E+02 100.0% 9.8ETotal Dairy 7.0E+02 99.3% 7.1E+02 94.2% 6.5E+02 59.0% Total Dairy 1.1E+02 99.4% 9.3ETotal Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 5.2E+00 0.5% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.4E-01 0.1% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E-01 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0ETotal Grains 4.7E+00 0.7% 9.7E+00 1.3% 2.7E+01 2.5% Total Grains 6.8E-01 0.6% 1.1ETotal Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.9E+00 0.6% 9.2E+01 8.3% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.7ETotal Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 2.9E+01 3.9% 3.3E+02 29.7% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.5ETotal Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 3.7E-01 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E

Age 6 to <12 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <12 mo

Total Foods 9.5E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Foods 5.6E+01 100.0% 1.2ETotal Dairy 8.5E+02 90.0% 7.1E+02 65.2% 7.3E+02 49.2% Total Dairy 5.1E+01 90.2% 8.4ETotal Meats 1.7E+01 1.7% 2.2E+01 2.0% 2.6E+01 1.7% Total Meats 7.9E-01 1.4% 1.7ETotal Fish 5.1E-01 0.1% 1.1E+00 0.1% 1.7E+00 0.1% Total Fish 2.5E-02 0.0% 1.2ETotal Eggs 5.0E+00 0.5% 2.9E+00 0.3% 1.9E+00 0.1% Total Eggs 3.9E-01 0.7% 9.3ETotal Grains 4.3E+01 4.6% 9.4E+01 8.6% 8.8E+01 5.9% Total Grains 3.5E+00 6.2% 7.4ETotal Vegetables 1.7E+01 1.8% 8.2E+01 7.5% 2.1E+02 14.1% Total Vegetables 5.6E-01 1.0% 8.9ETotal Fruits 1.0E+01 1.1% 1.7E+02 16.1% 4.3E+02 28.7% Total Fruits 1.0E-01 0.2% 1.9ETotal Fats a 1.6E+00 0.2% 1.4E+00 0.1% 1.4E+00 0.1% Total Fats a 1.7E-01 0.3% 1.8E
Table 3-44. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mi

Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake (continued)

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Int

3-98

Age 1 to <2 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <2 yea

Total Foods 7.4E+02 100.0% 9.4E+02 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.2E+01 100.0% 7.9ETotal Dairy 4.8E+02 65.3% 4.6E+02 49.1% 4.0E+02 25.7% Total Dairy 2.2E+01 68.7% 3.3ETotal Meats 5.9E+01 8.0% 5.2E+01 5.5% 6.6E+01 4.2% Total Meats 2.2E+00 6.8% 5.0ETotal Fish 3.3E+00 0.5% 6.2E+00 0.7% 7.1E+00 0.5% Total Fish 1.1E-01 0.3% 5.4ETotal Eggs 1.4E+01 1.9% 1.0E+01 1.1% 1.8E+01 1.1% Total Eggs 7.0E-01 2.2% 1.1ETotal Grains 1.0E+02 14.1% 1.2E+02 12.6% 1.3E+02 8.0% Total Grains 4.6E+00 14.3% 1.1ETotal Vegetables 5.7E+01 7.8% 1.1E+02 11.4% 2.0E+02 12.8% Total Vegetables 1.9E+00 6.1% 1.0ETotal Fruits 1.5E+01 2.0% 1.8E+02 19.2% 7.4E+02 47.4% Total Fruits 3.9E-01 1.2% 1.7ETotal Fats a 3.9E+00 0.5% 4.6E+00 0.5% 5.3E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 1.3E-01 0.4% 3.8E

Age 2 to <3 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 2 to <3 ye

Total Foods 7.6E+02 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.7E+01 100.0% 8.8ETotal Dairy 5.0E+02 67.7% 4.7E+02 49.7% 3.7E+02 23.6% Total Dairy 2.3E+01 72.4% 3.5ETotal Meats 5.5E+01 7.5% 4.6E+01 4.9% 5.6E+01 3.6% Total Meats 2.0E+00 6.3% 4.2ETotal Fish 3.4E+00 0.5% 5.6E+00 0.6% 6.9E+00 0.4% Total Fish 9.9E-02 0.3% 6.0ETotal Eggs 1.2E+01 1.7% 1.1E+01 1.1% 1.7E+01 1.1% Total Eggs 7.1E-01 2.2% 1.2ETotal Grains 8.8E+01 11.9% 1.2E+02 12.6% 1.1E+02 7.2% Total Grains 3.9E+00 12.1% 1.2ETotal Vegetables 6.1E+01 8.3% 1.2E+02 12.5% 2.2E+02 14.2% Total Vegetables 1.7E+00 5.2% 8.3ETotal Fruits 1.5E+01 2.0% 1.7E+02 18.2% 7.8E+02 49.6% Total Fruits 3.4E-01 1.1% 1.7ETotal Fats a 3.3E+00 0.5% 4.3E+00 0.5% 4.5E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 1.3E-01 0.4% 4.2E

Age 3 to <6 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 yea

Total Foods 7.0E+02 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.2E+01 100.0% 5.4ETotal Dairy 3.9E+02 56.3% 3.9E+02 39.4% 4.1E+02 26.2% Total Dairy 7.1E+00 57.5% 2.2ETotal Meats 6.5E+01 9.3% 8.2E+01 8.3% 8.4E+01 5.4% Total Meats 1.1E+00 9.2% 4.7ETotal Fish 5.2E+00 0.7% 7.5E+00 0.8% 8.7E+00 0.6% Total Fish 9.6E-02 0.8% 3.5ETotal Eggs 1.1E+01 1.5% 1.2E+01 1.2% 2.3E+01 1.4% Total Eggs 1.9E-01 1.5% 5.0ETotal Grains 1.5E+02 22.1% 1.9E+02 19.4% 2.1E+02 13.4% Total Grains 3.1E+00 25.1% 1.0ETotal Vegetables 5.4E+01 7.8% 1.5E+02 14.7% 2.2E+02 14.3% Total Vegetables 6.0E-01 4.9% 7.1ETotal Fruits 1.0E+01 1.5% 1.5E+02 15.5% 6.0E+02 38.0% Total Fruits 3.0E-02 0.2% 8.6ETotal Fats a 4.9E+00 0.7% 8.1E+00 0.8% 1.1E+01 0.7% Total Fats a 8.2E-02 0.7% 4.5E

Age 6 to <11 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <11 ye

Total Foods 7.3E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.7E+03 Total Foods 5.9E+00 100.0% 3.7ETotal Dairy 3.7E+02 51.5% 4.5E+02 40.6% 4.6E+02 Total Dairy 2.9E+00 50.1% 1.6ETotal Meats 7.3E+01 10.1% 1.0E+02 9.1% 1.0E+02 Total Meats 6.0E-01 10.2% 3.4ETotal Fish 1.0E+01 1.4% 8.5E+00 0.8% 1.2E+01 Total Fish 1.9E-02 0.3% 2.2ETotal Eggs 1.1E+01 1.5% 1.2E+01 1.0% 1.9E+01 Total Eggs 1.4E-01 2.4% 3.0ETotal Grains 1.8E+02 25.3% 2.4E+02 21.3% 2.4E+02 Total Grains 1.8E+00 30.5% 7.6ETotal Vegetables 6.0E+01 8.3% 1.7E+02 15.2% 2.8E+02 Total Vegetables 3.3E-01 5.6% 5.0ETotal Fruits 8.4E+00 1.2% 1.2E+02 11.1% 5.4E+02 Total Fruits 2.5E-02 0.4% 4.0ETotal Fats a 5.2E+00 0.7% 1.1E+01 0.9% 1.3E+01 Total Fats a 3.8E-02 0.6% 3.2E
Table 3-44. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mi

Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake (continued)

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Int

3-99

Age 11 to <16 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 11 to <16 y

Total Foods 7.7E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 2.0E+03 100.0% Total Foods 8.3E+00 100.0% 2.2ETotal Dairy 3.6E+02 46.3% 3.9E+02 34.3% 5.0E+02 24.7% Total Dairy 3.4E+00 41.4% 8.4ETotal Meats 1.0E+02 13.1% 1.2E+02 10.5% 1.6E+02 8.1% Total Meats 1.2E+00 14.7% 2.2ETotal Fish 4.3E+00 0.6% 1.4E+01 1.2% 2.0E+01 1.0% Total Fish 5.5E-02 0.7% 1.6ETotal Eggs 9.9E+00 1.3% 1.4E+01 1.3% 2.1E+01 1.1% Total Eggs 1.4E-01 1.7% 3.4ETotal Grains 2.1E+02 27.9% 2.6E+02 23.2% 3.3E+02 16.3% Total Grains 2.6E+00 31.1% 5.2ETotal Vegetables 7.3E+01 9.5% 2.1E+02 18.4% 4.1E+02 20.5% Total Vegetables 7.4E-01 8.9% 3.9ETotal Fruits 4.3E+00 0.6% 1.1E+02 10.0% 5.5E+02 27.2% Total Fruits 5.5E-02 0.7% 2.0ETotal Fats a 6.7E+00 0.9% 1.2E+01 1.1% 2.3E+01 1.1% Total Fats a 7.4E-02 0.9% 2.6E

Age 16 to <21 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 16 to <21 y

Total Foods 6.3E+02 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% 2.2E+03 100.0% Total Foods 8.5E+00 100.0% 1.7ETotal Dairy 2.6E+02 41.6% 3.2E+02 31.2% 5.1E+02 22.9% Total Dairy 3.5E+00 41.0% 5.8ETotal Meats 8.8E+01 13.9% 9.4E+01 9.2% 1.6E+02 7.2% Total Meats 1.3E+00 15.6% 2.2ETotal Fish 5.5E+00 0.9% 4.6E+00 0.5% 1.7E+01 0.8% Total Fish 8.3E-02 1.0% 1.7ETotal Eggs 1.3E+01 2.1% 1.3E+01 1.3% 1.0E+01 0.5% Total Eggs 1.7E-01 2.0% 2.4ETotal Grains 2.1E+02 32.9% 2.6E+02 25.2% 4.0E+02 18.1% Total Grains 2.7E+00 32.2% 3.5ETotal Vegetables 4.3E+01 6.8% 2.5E+02 24.4% 4.4E+02 20.2% Total Vegetables 5.9E-01 6.9% 4.1ETotal Fruits 1.3E+00 0.2% 7.2E+01 7.0% 6.4E+02 29.2% Total Fruits 1.5E-02 0.2% 7.7ETotal Fats a 1.0E+01 1.6% 1.3E+01 1.2% 2.6E+01 1.2% Total Fats a 1.1E-01 1.3% 2.1E

aIncludes added fats such as butter, margarine, dressings and sauces, vegetable oil, etc.; does not include fats eaten as components of other foods such as meats.

Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-100

Table 3-45. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mid

Dairy Intake

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-ra

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intak

Age 0 to <1month (g/day, as consumed) Age 0 to <1mon

Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.8E+02 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4E+Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.8E+02 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4E+Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+

Age 1 to <3 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <3 mon

Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.2E+02 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6E+Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.2E+02 99.7% 1.5E+03 95.8% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6E+Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 7.1E-01 0.1% 4.0E+00 0.3% Total Grains 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E+Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.6E+01 2.9% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.7E+00 0.2% 1.7E+01 1.1% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+

Age 3 to <6 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 mon

Total Foods 3.3E+00 100.0% 9.3E+02 100.0% 1.7E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.5E-01 100.0% 1.3E+Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 8.1E+02 86.7% 1.6E+03 94.8% Total Dairy 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.1E+Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.5E+00 0.2% 1.1E+00 0.1% Total Meats 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.6E-01 0.0% Total Fish 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 4.1E-02 0.0% Total Eggs 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+Total Grains 1.3E+00 39.6% 8.6E+00 0.9% 1.3E+01 0.8% Total Grains 1.5E-01 100.0% 1.1E+Total Vegetables 1.3E+00 38.5% 2.2E+01 2.3% 4.0E+01 2.4% Total Vegetables 0.0E+00 0.0% 6.9E-Total Fruits 7.2E-01 21.9% 9.2E+01 9.9% 3.3E+01 2.0% Total Fruits 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.4E+Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+00 0.0% 1.8E-01 0.0% Total Fats a 0.0E+00 0.0% 0.0E+

Age 6 to <12 months (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <12 mo

Total Foods 2.8E+02 100.0% 1.2E+03 100.0% 1.8E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.4E+01 100.0% 1.2E+Total Dairy 2.1E+01 7.5% 7.6E+02 64.3% 1.4E+03 80.9% Total Dairy 2.7E-02 0.2% 8.1E+Total Meats 6.9E+00 2.5% 2.4E+01 2.0% 1.2E+01 0.7% Total Meats 1.7E-02 0.1% 2.9E+Total Fish 1.5E+00 0.5% 1.2E+00 0.1% 4.3E-01 0.0% Total Fish 2.4E-03 0.0% 4.2E-Total Eggs 3.9E+00 1.4% 9.2E+00 0.8% 2.3E+00 0.1% Total Eggs 6.1E-04 0.0% 2.1E+Total Grains 4.3E+01 15.6% 9.3E+01 7.9% 7.5E+01 4.3% Total Grains 1.6E+00 11.5% 7.6E+Total Vegetables 6.9E+01 24.9% 1.1E+02 8.9% 8.6E+01 4.9% Total Vegetables 4.1E+00 29.7% 1.1E+Total Fruits 1.3E+02 47.4% 1.9E+02 15.8% 1.6E+02 9.0% Total Fruits 8.1E+00 58.4% 1.7E+Total Fats a 4.4E-01 0.2% 1.9E+00 0.2% 8.2E-01 0.0% Total Fats a 1.2E-03 0.0% 1.3E-0
Table 3-45. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, Mi

Total Dairy Intake (continued)

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-ra

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intak

3-101

Age 1 to <2 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 1 to <2 yea

Total Foods 7.4E+02 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% 1.5E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.2E+01 100.0% 8.1E+Total Dairy 1.0E+02 14.2% 4.5E+02 43.6% 1.0E+03 66.9% Total Dairy 4.7E+00 14.7% 3.2E+Total Meats 6.7E+01 9.1% 6.3E+01 6.2% 4.5E+01 2.9% Total Meats 2.5E+00 7.9% 4.9E+Total Fish 3.8E+00 0.5% 5.3E+00 0.5% 4.8E+00 0.3% Total Fish 5.8E-02 0.2% 5.2E-Total Eggs 2.3E+01 3.2% 1.4E+01 1.4% 1.3E+01 0.8% Total Eggs 1.1E+00 3.3% 1.2E+Total Grains 1.5E+02 20.7% 1.4E+02 13.5% 1.3E+02 8.2% Total Grains 6.7E+00 20.9% 1.2E+Total Vegetables 1.3E+02 18.0% 1.1E+02 10.9% 1.0E+02 6.7% Total Vegetables 5.5E+00 17.2% 9.3E+Total Fruits 2.5E+02 33.6% 2.4E+02 23.4% 2.2E+02 14.0% Total Fruits 1.1E+01 35.1% 2.1E+Total Fats a 5.5E+00 0.8% 4.6E+00 0.4% 4.7E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 2.3E-01 0.7% 3.5E-0

Age 2 to <3 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 2 to <3 ye

Total Foods 7.5E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 3.5E+01 100.0% 8.2E+Total Dairy 1.1E+02 14.6% 4.9E+02 47.5% 1.0E+03 65.9% Total Dairy 5.0E+00 15.6% 3.2E+Total Meats 6.2E+01 8.4% 6.7E+01 6.5% 3.7E+01 2.4% Total Meats 2.6E+00 8.0% 5.4E+Total Fish 3.3E+00 0.5% 5.2E+00 0.5% 4.8E+00 0.3% Total Fish 5.5E-02 0.2% 5.3E-Total Eggs 2.3E+01 3.1% 1.6E+01 1.5% 1.2E+01 0.8% Total Eggs 1.0E+00 3.3% 9.8E-Total Grains 1.5E+02 19.7% 1.2E+02 11.5% 1.3E+02 8.4% Total Grains 6.6E+00 20.6% 1.2E+Total Vegetables 1.4E+02 19.0% 1.2E+02 12.1% 1.1E+02 7.1% Total Vegetables 5.9E+00 18.5% 9.6E+Total Fruits 2.5E+02 33.9% 2.0E+02 19.9% 2.3E+02 14.9% Total Fruits 1.1E+01 33.2% 2.1E+Total Fats a 6.1E+00 0.8% 4.5E+00 0.4% 4.0E+00 0.3% Total Fats a 2.3E-01 0.7% 3.0E-0

Age 3 to <6 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 3 to <6 yea

Total Foods 7.0E+02 100.0% 9.8E+02 100.0% 1.6E+03 100.0% Total Foods 1.3E+01 100.0% 5.3E+Total Dairy 6.6E+01 9.4% 3.6E+02 36.7% 9.0E+02 56.8% Total Dairy 4.8E-01 3.7% 1.9E+Total Meats 8.3E+01 11.9% 8.6E+01 8.8% 7.5E+01 4.7% Total Meats 1.6E+00 12.1% 4.1E+Total Fish 5.3E+00 0.8% 5.9E+00 0.6% 6.2E+00 0.4% Total Fish 1.0E-01 0.8% 2.9E-Total Eggs 1.6E+01 2.2% 9.5E+00 1.0% 1.6E+01 1.0% Total Eggs 3.3E-01 2.5% 5.9E-Total Grains 1.8E+02 25.8% 1.8E+02 18.8% 2.1E+02 13.2% Total Grains 3.4E+00 25.5% 9.5E+Total Vegetables 1.3E+02 18.4% 1.4E+02 14.7% 1.5E+02 9.2% Total Vegetables 2.6E+00 19.9% 7.8E+Total Fruits 2.2E+02 30.7% 1.8E+02 18.7% 2.2E+02 14.1% Total Fruits 4.5E+00 34.4% 1.1E+Total Fats a 6.7E+00 1.0% 7.1E+00 0.7% 8.5E+00 0.5% Total Fats a 1.6E-01 1.2% 4.1E-0

Age 6 to <11 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 6 to <11 ye

Total Foods 7.2E+02 100.0% 9.9E+02 100.0% 1.8E+03 100.0% Total Foods 6.4E+00 100.0% 3.7E+Total Dairy 7.1E+01 9.8% 3.9E+02 39.6% 9.3E+02 52.5% Total Dairy 1.7E-01 2.7% 1.3E+Total Meats 1.0E+02 14.2% 8.2E+01 8.3% 1.0E+02 5.6% Total Meats 1.0E+00 16.4% 3.1E+Total Fish 1.1E+01 1.5% 7.0E+00 0.7% 7.4E+00 0.4% Total Fish 3.8E-02 0.6% 2.7E-Total Eggs 1.4E+01 2.0% 1.1E+01 1.2% 1.4E+01 0.8% Total Eggs 7.7E-02 1.2% 4.9E-Total Grains 1.9E+02 26.1% 2.0E+02 20.3% 2.9E+02 16.1% Total Grains 1.8E+00 27.5% 7.7E+Total Vegetables 1.6E+02 21.9% 1.4E+02 14.2% 2.0E+02 11.1% Total Vegetables 1.6E+00 24.9% 5.6E+Total Fruits 1.6E+02 22.9% 1.4E+02 14.6% 2.3E+02 12.8% Total Fruits 1.6E+00 25.1% 6.4E+Total Fats a 1.1E+01 1.5% 1.1E+01 1.1% 1.2E+01 0.7% Total Fats a 9.9E-02 1.6% 3.5E-0
Table 3-45. Per Capita Intake of Total Foods and Major Food Groups, and Percent of Total Food Intake for Individuals with Low-end, 

Total Dairy Intake (continued)

Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-range Consumers High-end Consumers Food

Group

Low-end Consumers Mid-ra

Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intake Percent Intak

3-102

Age 11 to <16 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 11 to <16 ye

Total Foods 7.4E+02 100.0% 1.1E+03 100.0% 2.0E+03 100.0% Total Foods 8.7E+00 100.0% 2.2E+Total Dairy 2.1E+01 2.8% 3.3E+02 31.3% 1.0E+03 52.3% Total Dairy 1.6E-01 1.9% 6.3E+Total Meats 1.1E+02 15.0% 1.1E+02 10.5% 1.4E+02 6.8% Total Meats 1.4E+00 15.6% 2.3E+Total Fish 9.6E+00 1.3% 8.7E+00 0.8% 1.1E+01 0.6% Total Fish 8.2E-02 0.9% 2.7E-Total Eggs 2.0E+01 2.7% 1.5E+01 1.4% 1.9E+01 0.9% Total Eggs 2.2E-01 2.5% 3.2E-Total Grains 2.1E+02 29.0% 2.4E+02 22.9% 3.2E+02 16.3% Total Grains 2.7E+00 30.4% 4.9E+Total Vegetables 1.9E+02 25.9% 2.0E+02 18.8% 2.7E+02 13.5% Total Vegetables 2.3E+00 26.5% 4.2E+Total Fruits 1.6E+02 21.7% 1.4E+02 13.1% 1.8E+02 8.8% Total Fruits 1.8E+00 20.9% 3.6E+Total Fats a 1.2E+01 1.6% 1.2E+01 1.1% 1.8E+01 0.9% Total Fats a 1.1E-01 1.3% 2.3E-0

Age 16 to <21 years (g/day, as consumed) Age 16 to <21 ye

Total Foods 6.2E+02 100.0% 1.0E+03 100.0% 2.2E+03 100.0% Total Foods 8.5E+00 100.0% 1.6E+Total Dairy 5.4E+01 8.7% 2.7E+02 26.4% 1.1E+03 48.2% Total Dairy 5.4E-01 6.4% 4.3E-Total Meats 1.0E+02 16.9% 1.5E+02 15.2% 1.5E+02 6.8% Total Meats 1.6E+00 18.7% 2.5E-Total Fish 2.1E+01 3.4% 7.3E+00 0.7% 1.0E+01 0.5% Total Fish 3.1E-01 3.7% 1.2E-Total Eggs 1.2E+01 1.9% 1.9E+01 1.9% 1.7E+01 0.8% Total Eggs 1.9E-01 2.3% 2.7E-Total Grains 1.6E+02 25.5% 2.5E+02 24.9% 4.4E+02 20.0% Total Grains 2.0E+00 23.0% 3.6E-Total Vegetables 1.4E+02 23.2% 1.8E+02 18.0% 2.9E+02 13.2% Total Vegetables 1.9E+00 22.5% 3.1E-Total Fruits 1.2E+02 19.0% 1.2E+02 11.5% 2.1E+02 9.6% Total Fruits 1.9E+00 22.3% 1.9E-0Total Fats a 7.5E+00 1.2% 1.4E+01 1.4% 2.1E+01 1.0% Total Fats a 9.6E-02 1.1% 2.5E-0

aIncludes added fats such as butter, margarine, dressings and sauces, vegetable oil, etc.; does not include fats eaten as components of other foods such as meats.

Source: Based on U.S. EPA analysis of 1994-96 CSFII.
3-103

Table 3-46. Weighted and Unweighted Number of Observations (Individuals) for NFCS Data Used in Analysis ofFood Intake

Age (years)

All Regions Northeast Midwest South West

wgtd unwgtd wgtd unwgtd wgtd unwgtd wgtd unwgtd wgtd unwgtd

 < 01 2814000 156 545000 29 812000 44 889000 51 568000 32

 01-02 5699000 321 1070000 56 1757000 101 1792000 105 1080000 59

 03-05 8103000 461 1490000 92 2251000 133 2543000 140 1789000 95

 06-11 16711000 937 3589000 185 4263000 263 5217000 284 3612000 204

 12-19 20488000 1084 4445000 210 5490000 310 6720000 369 3833000 195
3-104

Table 3-47. Consumer Only Intake of Homegrown Foods (g/kg-day)a - All Regions Combined

Age (years)

Nc

wgtd

Nc

unwgtd

%

Consuming Mean SE P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 

Homegrown Fruits

 01-02 360000 23 6.32 8.74E+00 3.10E+00 9.59E-01 1.09E+00 1.30E+00 1.64E+00 3.48E+00 7.98E+00 1.93E+01 6.06 03-05 550000 34 6.79 4.07E+00 1.48E+00 1.00E-02 1.00E-02 3.62E-01 9.77E-01 1.92E+00 2.73E+00 6.02E+00 8.9 06-11 1044000 75 6.25 3.59E+00 6.76E-01 1.00E-02 1.91E-01 4.02E-01 6.97E-01 1.31E+00 3.08E+00 1.18E+01 1.58 12-19 1189000 67 5.80 1.94E+00 3.66E-01 8.74E-02 1.27E-01 2.67E-01 4.41E-01 6.61E-01 2.35E+00 6.76E+00 8.34

Homegrown Vegetables

 01-02 951000 53 16.69 5.20E+00 8.47E-01 2.32E-02 2.45E-01 3.82E-01 1.23E+00 3.27E+00 5.83E+00 1.31E+01 1.96 03-05 1235000 76 15.24 2.46E+00 2.79E-01 0.00E+00 4.94E-02 3.94E-01 7.13E-01 1.25E+00 3.91E+00 6.35E+00 7.74 06-11 3024000 171 18.10 2.02E+00 2.54E-01 5.95E-03 1.00E-01 1.60E-01 4.00E-01 8.86E-01 2.21E+00 4.64E+00 6.16 12-19 3293000 183 16.07 1.48E+00 1.35E-01 0.00E+00 6.46E-02 1.45E-01 3.22E-01 8.09E-01 1.83E+00 3.71E+00 6.03

Home Produced Meats

 01-02 276000 22 4.84 3.65E+00 6.10E-01 3.85E-01 9.49E-01 9.49E-01 1.19E+00 2.66E+00 4.72E+00 8.68E+00 1.00 03-05 396000 26 4.89 3.61E+00 5.09E-01 8.01E-01 8.01E-01 1.51E+00 2.17E+00 2.82E+00 3.72E+00 7.84E+00 9.13 06-11 1064000 65 6.37 3.65E+00 4.51E-01 3.72E-01 6.52E-01 7.21E-01 1.28E+00 2.09E+00 4.71E+00 8.00E+00 1.40 12-19 1272000 78 6.21 1.70E+00 1.68E-01 1.90E-01 3.20E-01 4.70E-01 6.23E-01 1.23E+00 2.35E+00 3.66E+00 4.34

Home Caught Fish

 01-02 82000 6 1.44 * * ******* 03-05 142000 11 1.75 * * ******* 06-11 382000 29 2.29 2.78E+00 8.40E-01 1.60E-01 1.60E-01 1.84E-01 2.28E-01 5.47E-01 1.03E+00 3.67E+00 7.05 12-19 346000 21 1.69 1.52E+00 4.07E-01 1.95E-01 1.95E-01 1.95E-01 1.95E-01 3.11E-01 9.84E-01 1.79E+00 4.68

NOTE: SE = standard error

P = percentile of the distributionNc wgtd = weighted number of consumers; Nc unwgtd = unweighted number of consumers in survey.* = Less than 20 observations

a Data are not provided for intake of Home Produced Dairy because intake data were not provided for subpopulations for which there were less than 20 obs

Source: Based on EPA's analyses of the 1987/88 NFCS
3-105

Table 3-48. Percent Weight Losses from Food Preparation

Food Type Mean Net Cooking Loss (%) Mean Net Post Cooking, Paring, or Preparation Loss (%)

Meat 30 30

Fish 32 11

Fruits 31 25

Vegetables 12 22a

a

 Based on potatoes only.

Source: U.S. EPA, 1997. (Derived from USDA, 1975.)
3-106

Table 3-49. Quantity (as consumed) of Food Groups Consumed Per Eating Occasion and the Percentage of Individuals Using These Foods Over a TSurvey

Quantity consumed per eating occasion (g)

Under 1 year old 1-2 years old 3-5 years old 6-8 years old 9-14 years old 

Male and Female Male and Female Male and Female Male and Female Male Female 

Food category PCa Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC 

Fruits and Vegetables

Raw vegetables

White potatoesCabbage and coleslawCarrotsCucumbersLettuce and tossed saladMature onionsTomatoes

18.1

0

0.80.6

00

0.3

72

0

3763

00

21

58

0

1263

007

74.5

3.43.41.6

16.6

1.4

10.6

70332840302246

56222536291832

76.3

4.95.43.5

30.4

3.1

15.7

86413858341952

62313350263044

80.7

8.59.84.1

42.8

3.9

18.3

100

513868432055

69314173331933

81.8

9.68.63.2

45.8

6.0

20.1

124

603975542774

87343658472058

77.0

9.36.54.6

47.5

5.3

21.0

112

613372512671

80403182432749

81.2

9.84.53.9

47.7

9.9

24.4

Cooked vegetables

BroccoliCabbageCarrotsCorn, whole kernelLima beansMixed vegetablesCowpeas, field peas,  black-eyed peasGreen peasSpinachString beansSummer squashSweet potatoesTomato juiceCucumber pickles

1.00.4

21.7

3.21.0

11.4

0.5

16.0

0.9

19.7

0.7

10.8

0

0.2

427771227181

127

6126692682

06

275241176747644519471947

00

5.73.2

11.725.8

2.43.72.1

21.8

2.8

25.1

1.33.80.84.6

555754565489635358489697

147

32

3348384038785036483363707326

3.83.38.0

30.1

1.93.12.5

20.9

3.2

25.4

1.43.10.96.2

657749684969846173519796

156

38

4351314531406042534691506136

5.63.88.7

34.6

1.94.02.7

22.1

5.1

31.6

1.13.20.98.1

83925978798297729364

136

99

133

45

50543341474457465638

121

624846

4.63.98.5

32.0

1.83.72.7

20.9

5.2

31.1

1.23.41.28.6

96

117

7995

114116109

86

105

75

103144159

47

72794862

133

756052595450796350

5.14.58.8

31.0

2.33.42.3

19.4

3.6

29.4

1.72.11.09.1

88

121

758386

101

9683

102

74

102134183

50

5591464745506746625556929559

4.34.58.5

28.8

2.62.73.2

18.

4.5

29.5

2.3.22.9.9

Fruits

GrapefruitGrapefruit juiceOrangesOrange juiceApplesApplesauce, cooked  applesApple juiceCantaloupeRaw peachesRaw pearsRaw strawberries

0

0.60.9

20.9

1.7

35.619.2

0.21.21.20.2

0

143

87

122

9471

125136118

56

120

0

443451514956

0

394030

1.11.08.1

40.923.613.613.1

1.13.52.31.5

145156117153105104148

68

129131

87

5766457044656435484341

1.01.2

10.041.723.810.4

8.51.53.82.91.2

149174134167124126170125128150

69

5647447339616573365734

1.51.6

12.643.725.814.1

5.52.24.54.01.6

158184134178132132193135145163

87

6452466841768776684244

1.61.3

10.739.422.013.6

3.02.23.52.71.2

160194150195146151190165170163

95

5673518055

107

6985774653

2.41.5

11.241.024.511.1

4.02.54.93.32.2

153173137188140134204152153161

91

5072497741827477684250

2.21.78.9

37.316.710.2

2.72.04.03.21.6
Table 3-49. Quantity (as consumed) of Food Groups Consumed Per Eating Occasion and the Percentage of Individuals Using These Foods in Three 

Quantity consumed per eating occasion (g)

Under 1 year old 1-2 years old 3-5 years old 6-8 years old 9-14 years old 

Male and Female Male and Female Male and Female Male and Female Male Female 

Food category PCa Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC Ave. SD PC 

3-107

Grain Products

Yeast BreadsPancakesWafflesTortillasCakes and CupcakesCookiesPiesDoughnutsCrackersPopcornPretzelsCorn-based Salty SnacksPastaRiceCooked CerealsReady-to-Eat Cereals

17.6

3.00.60.81.6

11.9

0.50.8

13.8

0.10.70.63.44.3

16.368.7

20393016531553361072

48

5853

116

13

112713

7

37133022

9042

42428211

88.012.2

3.43.9

17.446.3

4.76.6

38.1

5.73.26.6

14.120.933.168.0

285956265121884714

9

18248281

149

23

16504511381550261412182059508714

95.112.7

5.75.1

25.348.1

7.18.6

32.8

8.53.18.6

14.722.226.075.8

367669366125

106

54181221279995

177

29

17524116452248282011202258589717

97.211.9

5.94.7

34.453.2

8.1

10.926.2

9.53.3

10.314.523.421.376.8

409669556628

116

6020142529

116120198

33

195945294221583019

9

21267477

104

19

96.913.5

5.24.0

36.444.410.212.022.1

9.64.19.9

14.018.919.569.8

49

118

87748036

133

6724182933

162149223

41

287262315636553924172529

102

86

126

28

96.410.7

4.14.3

35.243.110.612.922.1

9.13.5

11.314.522.417.364.0

44

101

80667732

129

6220173032

145138212

36

2389683355296236161526308977

107

21

96.2

9.83.53.4

31.037.913.613.218.0

6.2.98.3

11.220.914.350.4

Meat, Poultry, and Dairy Products

Meata

BeefPorkLambVealPoultryChickenTurkey

23.215.610.1

2.63.2

18.215.6

5.1

5856665254606253

4241442937383934

78.260.144.2

1.41.2

42.238.8

4.4

5364377280737373

4038364628444359

82.865.546.0

0.61.6

42.639.3

4.5

6679479075909274

4643445933505039

84.667.246.7

0.52.0

45.141.4

5.7

829757

139115103106

74

5552498672565544

87.169.048.8

0.91.5

44.339.8

6.5

103124

68

171124131136103

7166658075757756

84.268.247.0

0.71.5

44.039.6

6.2

94

111

64

127

96

112115

90

6970576846585754

87.970.356.

0.51.5

43.838.9

7.5

Dairy Products

EggsButterMargarineMilkcCheesed

17.7

5.28.5

89.0

6.1

49

65

170

25

30

44

7121

61.329.243.896.935.9

59

76

179

31

27

66

8019

55.228.746.197.037.0

66

98

198

31

3410

8

8317

48.531.742.998.535.3

7010

9

227

35

3711

8

8923

49.132.444.897.431.2

851212

265

39

471512

125

22

44.330.940.795.134.9

751011

242

35

40

9

12

103

23

52.332.441.493.239.0

NOTE: Data are presented as in the original document.a PC = percentage consuming; Ave. = average consumed; SD = standard deviation. b Meat - beef, pork, lamb, and veal.c Milk - fluid milk, milk beverages, and milk-based infant formulas. d Cheese - natural and processed cheese.

Source: Pao et al., 1982 (based on 1977-1978 NFCS data).
3-108

Table 3-50. Mean Moisture Content of Selected Food Groups Expressed as Percentages of Edible Portions

Food

(Fruits)

Moisture Content

Comments

Raw Cooked

Apples - dried 31.76 84.13* sulfured; *without added sugar

Apples 83.93* 84.46** *with skin; **without skin

Apples - juice 87.93 canned or bottled

Applesauce 88.35* *unsweetened

Apricots 86.35 86.62* *canned juice pack with skin

Apricots - dried 31.09 85.56* sulfured; *without added sugar

Bananas 74.26

Blackberries 85.64

Blueberries 84.61 86.59* *frozen unsweetened

Boysenberries 85.90 frozen unsweetened

Cantaloupes - unspecified 89.78

Casabas 91.00

Cherries - sweet 80.76 84.95* *canned, juice pack

Crabapples 78.94

Cranberries 86.54

Cranberries - juice cocktail 85.00 bottled

Currants (red and white) 83.95

Elderberries 79.80

Grapefruit 90.89

Grapefruit - juice 90.00 90.10* *canned unsweetened

Grapefruit - unspecified 90.89 pink, red, white

Grapes - fresh 81.30 American type (slip skin)

Grapes - juice 84.12 canned or bottled

Grapes - raisins 15.42 seedless

Honeydew melons 89.66

Kiwi fruit 83.05

Kumquats 81.70

Lemons - juice 90.73 92.46* *canned or bottled

Lemons - peel 81.60

Lemons - pulp 88.98

Limes - juice 90.21 92.52* *canned or bottled

Limes - unspecified 88.26

Loganberries 84.61

Mulberries 87.68

Nectarines 86.28

Oranges - unspecified 86.75 all varieties

Peaches 87.66 87.49* *canned juice pack

Pears - dried 26.69 64.44* sulfured; *without added sugar

Pears - fresh 83.81 86.47* *canned juice pack

Pineapple 86.50 83.51* *canned juice pack

Pineapple - juice 85.53 canned

Plums 85.20

Quinces 83.80

Raspberries 86.57

Strawberries 91.57 89.97* *frozen unsweetened

Tangerine - juice 88.90 87.00* *canned sweetened

Tangerines 87.60 89.51* *canned juice pack

Watermelon 91.51
Table 3-50. Mean Moisture Content of Selected Food Groups Expressed as Percentages of Edible Portions

(continued)

3-109

Food

(Vegetables)

Moisture Content

Comments

Raw Cooked

Alfalfa sprouts 91.14

Artichokes - globe & French 84.38 86.50 boiled, drained

Artichokes - Jerusalem 78.01

Asparagus 92.25 92.04 boiled, drained

Bamboo shoots 91.00 95.92 boiled, drained

Beans - dry

Beans - dry - blackeye peas

(cowpeas)

66.80 71.80 boiled, drained

Beans - dry - hyacinth

(mature seeds)

87.87 86.90 boiled, drained

Beans - dry - navy (pea) 79.15 76.02 boiled, drained

Beans - dry - pinto 81.30 93.39 boiled, drained

Beans - lima 70.24 67.17 boiled, drained

Beans - snap - Italian - green

- yellow

90.27 89.22 boiled, drained

Beets 87.32 90.90 boiled, drained

Beets - tops (greens) 92.15 89.13 boiled, drained

Broccoli 90.69 90.20 boiled, drained

Brussel sprouts 86.00 87.32 boiled, drained

Cabbage - Chinese/celery, 

 including bok choy 95.32 95.55 boiled, drained

Cabbage - red 91.55 93.60 boiled, drained

Cabbage - savoy 91.00 92.00 boiled, drained

Carrots 87.79 87.38 boiled, drained

Cassava (yucca blanca) 68.51

Cauliflower 92.26 92.50 boiled, drained

Celeriac 88.00 92.30 boiled, drained

Celery 94.70 95.00 boiled, drained

Chili peppers 87.74 92.50* *canned solids & liquid

Chives 92.00

Cole slaw 81.50

Collards 93.90 95.72 boiled, drained

Corn - sweet 75.96 69.57 boiled, drained

Cress - garden - field 89.40 92.50 boiled, drained

Cress - garden 89.40 92.50 boiled, drained

Cucumbers 96.05

Dandelion - greens 85.60 89.80 boiled, drained

Eggplant 91.93 91.77 boiled, drained

Endive 93.79

Garlic 58.58

Kale 84.46 91.20 boiled, drained

Kohlrabi 91.00 90.30 boiled, drained

Lambsquarter 84.30 88.90 boiled, drained

Leeks 83.00 90.80 boiled, drained

Lentils - whole 67.34 68.70 stir-fried

Lettuce - iceberg 95.89
Table 3-50. Mean Moisture Content of Selected Food Groups Expressed as Percentages of Edible Portions

(continued)

Food

(Vegetables)

Moisture Content

Comments

Raw Cooked

3-110

Lettuce - romaine 94.91

Mung beans (sprouts) 90.40 93.39 boiled, drained

Mushrooms 91.81 91.08 boiled, drained

Mustard greens 90.80 94.46 boiled, drained

Okra 89.58 89.91 boiled, drained

Onions 90.82 92.24 boiled, drained

Onions - dehydrated or dried 3.93

Parsley 88.31

Parsley roots 88.31

Parsnips 79.53 77.72 boiled, drained

Peas (garden) - mature seeds

- dry

88.89 88.91 boiled, drained

Peppers - sweet - garden 92.77 94.7 boiled, drained

Potatoes (white) - peeled 78.96 75.42 baked

Potatoes (white) - whole 83.29 71.2 baked

Pumpkin 91.6 93.69 boiled, drained

Radishes - roots 94.84

Rhubarb 93.61 67.79 frozen, cooked with added sugar

Rutabagas - unspecified 89.66 90.1 boiled, drained

Salsify (oyster plant) 77 81 boiled, drained

Shallots 79.8

Soybeans - sprouted seeds 69.05 79.45 steamed

Spinach 91.58 91.21 boiled, drained

Squash - summer 93.68 93.7 all varieties; boiled, drained

Squash - winter 88.71 89.01 all varieties; baked

Sweetpotatoes (including

yams)

72.84 71.85 baked in skin

Swiss chard 92.66 92.65 boiled, drained

Tapioca - pearl 10.99 dry

Taro - greens 85.66 92.15 steamed

Taro - root 70.64 63.8

Tomatoes - juice 93.9 canned

Tomatoes - paste 74.06 canned

Tomatoes - puree 87.26 canned

Tomatoes - raw 93.95

Tomatoes - whole 93.95 92.4 boiled, drained

Towelgourd 93.85 84.29 boiled, drained

Turnips - roots 91.87 93.6 boiled, drained

Turnips - tops 91.07 93.2 boiled, drained

Water chestnuts 73.46

Yambean - tuber 89.15 87.93 boiled, drained
Table 3-50. Mean Moisture Content of Selected Food Groups Expressed as Percentages of Edible Portions

(continued)

3-111

Food

(Grains)

Moisture Content

Comments

Raw Cooked

Barley - pearled 10.09 68.80

Corn - grain - endosperm 10.37

Corn - grain - bran 3.71 crude

Millet 3.71 71.41

Oats 8.22

Rice - rough - white 11.62 68.72

Rye - rough 10.95

Rye - flour - medium 9.85

Sorghum (including milo) 9.20

Wheat - rough - hard white 9.57

Wheat - germ 11.12 crude

Wheat - bran 9.89 crude

Wheat - flour - whole grain 10.27

Food

(Meats)

Moisture Content

Comments

Raw Cooked

Beef 71.60 composite, trimmed, retail cuts

Beef liver 68.99

Chicken (light meat) 74.86 without skin

Chicken (dark meat) 75.99 without skin

Duck - domestic 73.77

Duck - wild 75.51

Goose - domestic 68.30

Ham - cured 66.92

Horse 72.63 63.98 roasted

Lamb 73.42 composite, trimmed, retail cuts

Lard 0.00

Pork 70.00 roasted

Rabbit - domestic 72.81 69.11 roasted

Turkey 74.16 roasted
Table 3-50. Mean Moisture Content of Selected Food Groups Expressed as Percentages of Edible Portions

(continued)

3-112

Food

(Dairy Products)

Moisture Content

Comments

Raw Cooked

Eggs 74.57

Butter 15.87

Cheese

 American pasteurized 39.16 regular

 Cheddar 36.75

 Swiss 37.21

 Parmesan, hard 29.16

 Parmesan, grated 17.66

 Cream, whipping, heavy 57.71

 Cottage, lowfat 79.31

 Colby 38.20

 Blue 42.41

 Cream 53.75

Yogurt

 Plain, lowfat 85.07

 Plain, with fat 87.90 made from whole milk

Human milk - estimated from USDA Survey

 Human 87.50 whole, mature, fluid

 Skim 90.80

 Lowfat 90.80 1%
3-113

Table 3-51. Percent Moisture Content for Selected Fish Speciesa

Species

Moisture

Content

(%)

Comments

Finfish

Anchovy, European 73.37 Raw

50.3 Canned in oil, drained solids

Bass 75.66 Freshwater, mixed species, raw

Bass, Striped 79.22 Raw

Bluefish 70.86 Raw

Butterfish 74.13 Raw

Carp 76.31 Raw

69.63 Cooked, dry heat

Catfish 76.39 Channel, raw

58.81 Channel, cooked, breaded and fried

Cod, Atlantic 81.22 Atlantic, raw

75.61 Canned, solids and liquids

75.92 Cooked, dry heat

16.14 Dried and salted

Cod, Pacific 81.28 Raw

Croaker, Atlantic 78.03 Raw

59.76 Cooked, breaded and fried

Dolphinfish, Mahimahi 77.55 Raw

Drum, Freshwater 77.33 Raw

Flatfish, Flounder and Sole 79.06 Raw

73.16 Cooked, dry heat

Grouper 79.22 Raw, mixed species

73.36 Cooked, dry heat

Haddock 79.92 Raw

74.25 Cooked, dry heat

71.48 Smoked

Halibut, Atlantic & Pacific 77.92 Raw

71.69 Cooked, dry heat

Halibut, Greenland 70.27 Raw

Herring, Atlantic & Turbot, domestic species 72.05 Raw

64.16 Cooked, dry heat

59.7 Kippered

55.22 Pickled

Herring, Pacific 71.52 Raw

Mackerel, Atlantic 63.55 Raw

53.27 Cooked, dry heat

Mackerel, Jack 69.17 Canned, drained solids

Mackerel, King 75.85 Raw

Mackerel, Pacific & Jack 70.15 Canned, drained solids

Mackerel, Spanish 71.67 Raw

68.46 Cooked, dry heat

Monkfish 83.24 Raw

Mullet, Striped 77.01 Raw

70.52 Cooked, dry heat
Species

Moisture

Content

(%)

Comments

3-114

Ocean Perch, Atlantic 78.7 Raw

72.69 Cooked, dry heat

Perch, Mixed species 79.13 Raw

73.25 Cooked, dry heat

Pike, Northern 78.92 Raw

72.97 Cooked, dry heat

Pike, Walleye 79.31 Raw

Pollock, Alaska & Walleye 81.56 Raw

74.06 Cooked, dry heat

Pollock, Atlantic 78.18 Raw

Rockfish, Pacific, mixed species 79.26 Raw (Mixed species)

73.41 Cooked, dry heat (mixed species)

Roughy, Orange 75.9 Raw

Salmon, Atlantic 68.5 Raw

Salmon, Chinook 73.17 Raw

72 Smoked

Salmon, Chum 75.38 Raw

70.77 Canned, drained solids with bone

Salmon, Coho 72.63 Raw

65.35 Cooked, moist heat

Salmon, Pink 76.35 Raw

68.81 Canned, solids with bone and liquid

Salmon, Red & Sockeye 70.24 Raw

68.72 Canned, drained solids with bone

61.84 Cooked, dry heat

Sardine, Atlantic 59.61 Canned in oil, drained solids with bone

Sardine, Pacific 68.3 Canned in tomato sauce, drained solids

with bone

Sea Bass, mixed species 78.27 Cooked, dry heat

72.14 Raw

Seatrout, mixed species 78.09 Raw

Shad, American 68.19 Raw

Shark, mixed species 73.58 Raw

60.09 Cooked, batter-dipped and fried

Snapper, mixed species 76.87 Raw

70.35 Cooked, dry heat

Sole, Spot 75.95 Raw

Sturgeon, mixed species 76.55 Raw

69.94 Cooked, dry heat

62.5 Smoked

Sucker, white 79.71 Raw

Sunfish, Pumpkinseed 79.5 Raw

Swordfish 75.62 Raw

68.75 Cooked, dry heat

Trout, mixed species 71.42 Raw

Trout, Rainbow 71.48 Raw

63.43 Cooked, dry heat

Tuna, light meat 59.83 Canned in oil, drained solids

74.51 Canned in water, drained solids
Species

Moisture

Content

(%)

Comments

3-115

Tuna, white meat 64.02 Canned in oil

69.48 Canned in water, drained solids

Tuna, Bluefish, fresh 68.09 Raw

59.09 Cooked, dry heat

Turbot, European 76.95 Raw

Whitefish, mixed species 72.77 Raw

70.83 Smoked

Whiting, mixed species 80.27 Raw

74.71 Cooked, dry heat

Yellowtail, mixed species 74.52 Raw

Shellfish

Crab, Alaska King 79.57 Raw

77.55 Cooked, moist heat

Crab, Blue 79.02 Raw

79.16 Canned (dry pack or drained solids of

wet pack) 77.43 Cooked, moist heat

71 Crab cakes

Crab, Dungeness 79.18 Raw

Crab, Queen 80.58 Raw

Crayfish, mixed species 80.79 Raw

75.37 Cooked, moist heat

Lobster, Northern 76.76 Raw

76.03 Cooked, moist heat

Shrimp, mixed species 75.86 Raw

72.56 Canned (dry pack or drained solids of

wet pack) 52.86 Cooked, breaded and fried

77.28 Cooked, moist heat

Spiny Lobster, mixed species 74.07 Imitation made from surimi, raw

Clam, mixed species 81.82 Raw

63.64 Canned, drained solids

97.7 Canned, liquid

61.55 Cooked, breaded and fried

63.64 Cooked, moist heat

Mussel, Blue 80.58 Raw

61.15 Cooked, moist heat

Octopus, common 80.25 Raw

Oyster, Eastern 85.14 Raw

85.14 Canned (solids and liquid based) raw

64.72 Cooked, breaded and fried

70.28 Cooked, moist heat

Oyster, Pacific 82.06 Raw

Scallop, mixed species 78.57 Raw

58.44 Cooked, breaded and fried

73.82 Imitation, made from Surimi

Squid 78.55 Raw

64.54 Cooked, fried

Source: USDA, 1979-1986
3-116

Table 3-52. Percentage Lipid Content (Expressed as Percentages of 100 Grams of Edible Portions) of Selected Meat, Dairy, and Fish Productsa

Product Fat Percentage Comment

Meats

Beef

Lean only

Lean and fat, 1/4 in. fat trim

6.16

9.91

Raw

Cooked

Brisket (point half)

Lean and fat

19.24

21.54

Raw

Cooked

Brisket (flat half)

Lean and fat

Lean only

22.40

4.03

Raw

Raw

Pork

Lean only

Lean and fat

Cured shoulder, blade roll, lean and fat

Cured ham, lean and fat

Cured ham, lean only

Sausage

Ham

Ham

5.88

9.66

14.95

17.18

20.02

12.07

7.57

38.24

4.55

9.55

Raw

Cooked

Raw

Cooked

Unheated

Center slice

Raw, center, country style

Raw, fresh

Cooked, extra lean (5% fat)

Cooked, (11% fat)

Lamb

Lean

Lean and fat

5.25

9.52

21.59

20.94

Raw

Cooked

Raw

Cooked

Veal

Lean

Lean and fat

2.87

6.58

6.77

11.39

Raw

Cooked

Raw

Cooked

Rabbit

Composite of cuts 5.55

8.05

Raw

Cooked

Chicken

Meat only

Meat and skin

3.08

7.41

15.06

13.60

Raw

Cooked

Raw

Cooked

Turkey

Meat only

Meat and skin

Ground

2.86

4.97

8.02

9.73

6.66

Raw

Cooked

Raw

Cooked

Raw

Dairy

Milk

Whole

Human

Lowfat (1%)

Lowfat (2%)

Skim

3.16

4.17

0.83

1.83

0.17

3.3% fat, raw or pasteurized

Whole, mature, fluid

Fluid

Fluid

Fluid

Cream

Half and half

Medium

Heavy-whipping

Sour

18.32

23.71

35.09

19.88

Table or coffee, fluid

25% fat, fluid

Fluid

Cultured

Butter 76.93 Regular
Table 3-52. Percentage Lipid Content (Expressed as Percentages of 100 Grams of Edible Portions) of Selected

Meat, Dairy, and Fish Productsa

 (continued)

Product Fat Percentage Comment

3-117

Cheese

American

Cheddar

Swiss

Cream

Parmesan

Cottage

Colby

Blue

Provolone

Mozzarella

29.63

31.42

26.02

33.07

24.50; 28.46

1.83

30.45

27.26

25.24

20.48

Pasteurized

Hard; grated

Lowfat, 2% fat

Yogurt 1.47 Plain, lowfat

Eggs 8.35 Chicken, whole raw, fresh or frozen

FINFISH

Anchovy, European

Bass

Bass, Striped

Bluefish

Butterfish

Carp

Catfish

Cod, Atlantic

Cod, Pacific

Croaker, Atlantic

Dolphinfish, Mahimahi

Drum, Freshwater

Flatfish, Flounder and Sole

Grouper

Haddock

Halibut, Atlantic & Pacific

Halibut, Greenland

Herring, Atlantic & Turbot, domestic species

4.101

8.535

3.273

1.951

3.768

NA

4.842

6.208

3.597

12.224

0.456

0.582

0.584

1.608

0.407

2.701

11.713

0.474

4.463

0.845

1.084

0.756

0.970

0.489

0.627

0.651

1.812

2.324

12.164

7.909

10.140

10.822

16.007

Raw

Canned in oil, drained solids

Freshwater, mixed species, raw

Raw

Raw

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Channel, raw

Channel, cooked, breaded and fried

Atlantic, raw

Canned, solids and liquids

Cooked, dry heat

Dried and salted

Raw

Raw

Cooked, breaded and fried

Raw

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw, mixed species

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Smoked

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Kippered

Pickled
Table 3-52. Percentage Lipid Content (Expressed as Percentages of 100 Grams of Edible Portions) of Selected

Meat, Dairy, and Fish Productsa

 (continued)

Product Fat Percentage Comment

3-118

Herring, Pacific

Mackerel, Atlantic

Mackerel, Jack

Mackerel, King

Mackerel, Pacific & Jack

Mackerel, Spanish

Monkfish

Mullet, Striped

Ocean Perch, Atlantic

Perch, Mixed species

Pike, Northern

Pike, Walleye

Pollock, Alaska & Walleye

Pollock, Atlantic

Rockfish, Pacific, mixed species

Roughy, Orange

Salmon, Atlantic

Salmon, Chinook

Salmon, Chum

Salmon, Coho

Salmon, Pink

Salmon, Red & Sockeye

Sardine, Atlantic

Sardine, Pacific

Sea Bass, mixed species

Seatrout, mixed species

Shad, American

Shark, mixed species

Snapper, mixed species

Sole, Spot

Sturgeon, mixed species

Sucker, white

Sunfish, Pumpkinseed

Swordfish

Trout, mixed species

Trout, Rainbow

12.552

9.076

15.482

4.587

1.587

6.816

5.097

5.745

NA

2.909

3.730

1.296

1.661

0.705

0.904

0.477

0.611

0.990

0.701

0.929

0.730

1.182

1.515

3.630

5.625

9.061

3.947

3.279

4.922

4.908

6.213

2.845

5.391

4.560

6.697

9.616

10.545

11.054

1.678

2.152

2.618

NA

3.941

12.841

0.995

1.275

3.870

3.544

4.544

3.829

1.965

0.502

3.564

4.569

5.901

2.883

3.696

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Canned, drained solids

Raw

Canned, drained solids

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw (Mixed species)

Cooked, dry heat (mixed species)

Raw

Raw

Raw

Smoked

Raw

Canned, drained solids with bone

Raw

Cooked, moist heat

Raw

Canned, solids with bone and liquid

Raw

Canned, drained solids with bone

Cooked, dry heat

Canned in oil, drained solids with bone

Canned in tomato sauce, drained solids with bone

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw

Raw

Raw

Cooked, batter-dipped and fried

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Smoked

Raw

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Tuna, light meat

Tuna, white meat

Tuna, Bluefish, fresh

Turbot, European

Whitefish, mixed species

Whiting, mixed species

Yellowtail, mixed species

7.368

0.730

NA

2.220

4.296

5.509

NA

5.051

0.799

0.948

1.216

NA

Canned in oil, drained solids

Canned in water, drained solids

Canned in oil

Canned in water, drained solids

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw

Raw

Smoked

Raw

Cooked, dry heat

Raw
Table 3-52. Percentage Lipid Content (Expressed as Percentages of 100 Grams of Edible Portions) of Selected

Meat, Dairy, and Fish Productsa

 (continued)

Product Fat Percentage Comment

3-119

SHELLFISH

Crab, Alaska King

Crab, Blue

Crab, Dungeness

Crab, Queen

Crayfish, mixed species

Lobster, Northern

Shrimp, mixed species

Spiny Lobster, mixed species

Clam, mixed species

Mussel, Blue

Octopus, common

Oyster, Eastern

Oyster, Pacific

Scallop, mixed species

Squid

NA

0.854

0.801

0.910

1.188

6.571

0.616

0.821

0.732

0.939

NA

0.358

1.250

1.421

10.984

0.926

1.102

0.456

0.912

NA

10.098

0.912

1.538

3.076

0.628

1.620

1.620

11.212

3.240

1.752

0.377

10.023

NA

0.989

6.763

Raw

Cooked, moist heat

Imitation, made from surimi

Raw

Canned (dry pack or drained solids of wet pack)

Cooked, moist heat

Crab cakes

Raw

Raw

Raw

Cooked, moist heat

Raw

Cooked, moist heat

Raw

Canned (dry pack or drained solids of wet pack)

Cooked, breaded and fried

Cooked, moist heat

Imitation made from surimi, raw

Raw

Canned, drained solids

Canned, liquid

Cooked, breaded and fried

Cooked, moist heat

Raw

Cooked, moist heat

Raw

Raw

Canned (solids and liquid based) raw

Cooked, breaded and fried

Cooked, moist heat

Raw

Raw

Cooked, breaded and fried

Imitation, made from Surimi

Raw

Cooked, fried

NA = Not available

a

 Based on the lipid content in 100 grams, edible portion. Total Fat Content - saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated. For additional

information, consult the USDA nutrient database.

Source: USDA, 1979-1984.
3-120

Table 3-53. Fat Content of Meat Products

Meat Product 

3-oz cooked serving (85.05 g) 

Total Fat

(g)

Percent Fat

Content (%)

Beef, retail composite, lean only

Pork, retail composite, lean only

Lamb, retail composite, lean only

Veal, retail composite, lean only

Broiler chicken, flesh only

Turkey, flesh only

8.4

8.0

8.1

5.6

6.3

4.2

9.9

9.4

9.5

6.6

7.4

4.9

Source: National Livestock and Meat Board, 1993
3-121

Table 3-54. Summary of Recommended Values for Per Capita Intake of Foods, As Consumed

Age Mean 95th Percentile Multiple Percentiles Study

Total Fruit Intake

birth to <1 month

1 to <3 months

3 to <6 months

6 to <12 months

1 to <2 years

2 to <3 years

3 to <6 years

6 to <11 years

11 to <16 years

16 to <21 years

-

- 1.3e+01

2.0e+01

2.0e+01

1.8e+01

1.1e+01

5.7e+00

3.4e+00

5.6e+00

-

- 4.3e+01

4.4e+01

6.9e+01

5.9e+01

3.3e+01

1.9e+01

1.3e+01

8.9e+00

see Table 3-16 EPA Analysis of CSFII

1994-96 Data

Total Vegetable Intake

birth to <1 month

1 to <3 months

3 to <6 months

6 to <12 months

1 to <2 years

2 to <3 years

3 to <6 years

6 to <11 years

11 to <16 years

16 to <21 years

-

- 4.1e+00

1.2e+01

9.6e+00

9.4e+00

7.3e+00

5.5e+00

4.2e+00

3.6e+00

-

- 1.9e+01

2.9e+01

2.1e+01

2.6e+01

1.8e+01

1.4e+01

9.8e+00

1.2e+01

see Table 3-16 EPA Analysis of CSFII

1994-96 Data

Total Grain Intake

birth to <1 month

1 to <3 months

3 to <6 months

6 to <12 months

1 to <2 years

2 to <3 years

3 to <6 years

6 to <11 years

11 to <16 years

16 to <21 years

-

- 1.6e+00

7.7e+00

9.0e+00

1.3e+01

1.0e+01

7.5e+00

5.0e+00

5.6e+00

-

- 5.9e+00

2.4e+01

2.4e+01

2.5e+01

2.1e+01

1.6e+01

1.1e+01

8.9e+00

see Table 3-16 EPA Analysis of CSFII

1994-96 Data

Total Meat Intake

birth to <1 month

1 to <3 months

3 to <6 months

6 to <12 months

1 to <2 years

2 to <3 years

3 to <6 years

6 to <11 years

11 to <16 years

16 to <21 years

-

-

- 2.3e+00

4.2e+00

4.6e+00

4.1e+00

3.0e+00

2.3e+00

2.1e+00

-

-

- 8.6e+00

1.0e+01

1.1e+01

9.4e+00

4.1e+00

5.2e+00

4.4e+00

see Table 3-16 EPA Analysis of CSFII

1994-96 Data

Total Dairy Intake

birth to <1 month

1 to <3 months

3 to <6 months

6 to <12 months

1 to <2 years

2 to <3 years

3 to <6 years

6 to <11 years

11 to <16 years

16 to <21 years

- 1.6e+02

1.1e+02

8.3e+01

3.8e+01

3.6e+01

2.1e+01

1.5e+01

7.7e+00

5.6e+00

- 2.7e+02

2.3e+02

1.7e+02

9.1e+01

9.7e+01

4.9e+01

3.5e+01

2.0e+01

1.6e+01

see Table 3-16 EPA Analysis of CSFII

1994-96 Data

Total Fish Intake
Table 3-54. Summary of Recommended Values for Per Capita Intake of Foods, As Consumed (continued)

Age Mean 95th Percentile Multiple Percentiles Study

3-122

birth to <1 month

1 to <3 months

3 to <6 months

6 to <12 months

1 to <2 years

2 to <3 years

3 to <6 years

6 to <11 years

11 to <16 years

16 to <21 years

-

-

- 2.2e-01

3.5e-01

3.9e-01

3.2e-01

2.7e-01

2.2e-01

1.9e-01

-

-

- 8.7e-01

2.0e+00

1.6e+00

1.7e+00

1.6e+00

1.2e+00

7.0e-01

see Table 3-16 EPA Analysis of CSFII

1994-96 Data

Individual Foods Intake see Table 3-17 EPA Analysis of CSFII

1994-96 Data

Freshwater and Estuarine Total Fish Intake (General Population) (consumers only- as consumed)

14 years and under 1,251 mg/kg- day 4,680 mg/kg- day See Table 3-21 EPA Analysis of CSFII 1994-96, 98

Data

Marine Fish Intake (General Population) (consumers only- as consumed)

14 years and under 2,037 mg/kg- day 5,664 mg/kg- day See Table 3-21 EPA Analysis of CSFII 1994-96, 98

Data

Recreational Fish Intake - Freshwater

1-5 years

6-10 years 370 mg/kg-day280 mg/kg-day —— See Table 3-25 EPA Analysis of West et al.1989 Data

Native American Subsistence Fish Intake

< 6 years 21 g/day 78 g/day Weigthed means and 95th percentiles from

CRITFC, 1994, Toy et al. 1996, and The

Suquamish Tribe 2000

Total Fat Intake

all ages See Table 3-36 U.S. EPA 2006

Homeproduced Food Intake

all ages See Table 3-47 EPA Analysis of 1987/88 NFCS
3-123

Table 3-55. Confidence Intake Recommendations for Various Foods, Including Fish (General Population)

Considerations Rationale Rating

Study Elements

 • Level of peer review USDA CSFII survey receives high level of peer

review. EPA analysis of these data using the new

age categories has not been peer reviewed outside

the Agency.

Low

 • Accessibility CSFII data are publicly available.

Javitz (1980) is a contractor report to EPA (CSFII)

High

Medium (Javitz)

 • Reproducibility Enough information is included to reproduce

results.

High

 • Focus on factor of interest Analysis is specifically designed to address food

intake.

High

 • Data pertinent to U.S. Data focuses on the U.S. population. High

 • Primary data This is new analysis of primary data. High

 • Currency Were the most current data publicly available at

the time the analysis was conducted for the

Handbook.

Medium

 • Adequacy of data collection

 period

Survey is designed to collect short-term data. Medium confidence for average values;

Low confidence for long term

percentile distribution

 • Validity of approach Survey methodology was adequate. High

 • Study size Study size was very large and therefore adequate. High

 • Representativeness of the

 population

The population studied was the U.S. population. High

 • Characterization of variability Survey was not designed to capture long term dayto-day variability. Short term distributions are

provided.

Medium

 • Lack of bias in study design

 (high rating is desirable)

Response rate was good. High

 • Measurement error No measurements were taken. The study relied on

survey data.

N/A

Other Elements

 • Number of studies 1 for most foods, 2 for fish; CSFII was the most

recent data set publicly available at the time the

analysis was conducted for the Handbook.

Low

 • Agreement between researchers Although the CSFII was the only study classified

as key study for most foods, the results are in

good agreement with earlier data. 

High

Overall Rating The survey is representative of U.S. population. 

Although there was only one study considered

key, these data are the most recent and are in

agreement with earlier data. The approach used to

analyzed the data was adequate. However, due to

the limitations of the survey design estimation of

long-term percentile values (especially the upper

percentiles) is uncertain.

High confidence in the average;

Low confidence in the long-term upper

percentiles
3-124

Table 3-56. Confidence Intake Recommendations for Fish Consumption - Recreational Freshwater Angler Population

Considerations Rationale Rating

Study Elements

 • Level of peer review Study is in a technical report and has been

reviewed by the EPA.

High

 • Accessibility The original study analyses are reported in a

technical report. Subsequent EPA analyses are

detailed in this Handbook.

High

 • Reproducibility Enough information is available to reproduce

results.

High

 • Focus on factor of interest Study focused on ingestion of fish by the

recreational freshwater angler and family.

High

 • Data pertinent to U.S. The study was conducted in the U.S. High

 • Primary data Data are from a primary reference. High

 • Currency The study was conducted between January and

May 1989.

High

 • Adequacy of data collection

 period

Data were collected for 1 week. Low

 • Validity of approach Data presented are from a one week recall of fish

consumption study. Weight of fish consumed was

estimated using approximate weight of fish catch

and edible fraction or approximate weight of fish

meal.

Medium

 • Study size Study population was 621 children. Medium

 • Representativeness of the

 population

The study was localized to a single state. Low

 • Characterization of variability Distributions were not generated. High

 • Lack of bias in study design

 (high rating is desirable)

Response rate was 47 percent. Medium

 • Measurement error Weight of fish portions were estimated in one

study, fish weight was estimated from reported

fish length in another study.

Medium

Other Elements

 • Number of studies There is 1 study. Low

 • Agreement between researchers There is only 1 study. EPA performed an analyses

using these data.

Low

Overall Rating The study is not nationally representative and not

representative of long-term consumption.

Low 
3-125

Table 3-57. Summary of Fish Intake Rates Among Native American Children (Consumers Only)

Age (years) Mean Upper Percentile Reference

<5 (n=153) 25 g/day 63 g/day (90th percentile)

73 g/day (95th percentile)

CRITFC, 1994

#5 (n=51) 0.72 g/kg-day

11 g/daya 1.4 g/kg-day (86th percentile)21 g/day (86th percentile)

Toy et al., 1996

<6 (n=31) 1.5 g/kg-day

21 g/dayb 3.4 g/kg-day (90th percentile)

7.3 g/kg-day (95th percentile)

48 g/day (90th percentile)b

103 g/day (95th percentile)b

The Suquamish Tribe, 2000

a Intake rate calculated using the average body weight of 15.2 kg reported in Toy et al. (1996). b Intake rate calculated using the average body weight for children <6 years of age (14.1 kg) based on NHANES III (see Table 11-6).
3-126

Table 3-58. Confidence Intake Recommendations for Fish Consumption - Native American Subsistence Population

Considerations Rationale Rating

Study Elements

 • Level of peer review Studies are in technical reports. Medium

 • Accessibility Studies are technical reports, that are publicly

available

Medium

 • Reproducibility The studies were adequately detailed and enough

information is available to reproduce results.

High

 • Focus on factor of interest Studies focused on fish ingestion among Native

American Tribes.

High

 • Data pertinent to U.S. The studies were specific in the U.S. High

 • Primary data The studies used primary data. High

 • Currency Data were from 1991-2000. High

 • Adequacy of data collection

 period

Data were collected for 3 studies. High

Low confidence for long term

percentile distribution

 • Validity of approach Individual intake measured directly, but some

respondents provided in same information for the

children as themselves.

Low

 • Study size The sample population was 204 children < 5 years

old for CRIFTC, birth to 5 years for Toy et al.,

and <6 years for the Suquamish Indian Tribe.

Medium

 • Representativeness of the

 population

Only two states were represented. Low

 • Characterization of variability Individual variations were not described. Medium

 • Lack of bias in study design

 (high rating is desirable)

The response rate was 69 percent, 64 percent, and

77 percent for CRIFTC, Suquamish Indian Tribe,

and Toy et al., respectively.

Medium

 • Measurement error The weight of the fish was estimated for 1 study,

measured for the other study.

Medium

Other Elements

 • Number of studies There are three studies. Low - Medium

 • Agreement between researchers Medium

Overall Rating Studies are tribal-specific. Low
APPENDIX 3A

CALCULATIONS USED IN THE 1994-96 CSFII ANALYSIS TO 

CORRECT FOR MIXTURES
3-A1

IR IR Fr IR Fr IR meat adjusted gr mixtures meat/gr mt mixtures meat/mt meat − = ×+ × + ( ) ( )

APPENDIX 3A

Calculations Used in the 1994-96 CSFII Analysis to Correct for Mixtures

Distributions of intake for various food groups were generated for the food/items groups

using the USDA 1994-96 CSFII data set as described in Sections 9.2.2. and 11.1.2 of the

Exposure Factors Handbook. However, several of the food categories used did not include

meats, dairy products, and vegetables that were eaten as mixtures with other foods. Thus,

adjusted intake rates were calculated for food items that were identified by USDA (1995) as

comprising a significant portion of grain and meat mixtures. To account for the amount of these

foods consumed as mixtures, the mean fractions of total meat or grain mixtures represented by

these food items were calculated (Table 3A-1) using Appendix C of USDA (1995). Mean values

for all individuals were used to calculate these fractions. These fractions were multiplied by

each individual's intake rate for total meat mixtures or grain mixtures to calculate the amount of

the individual's food mixture intake that can be categorized into one of the selected food groups. 

These amounts were then added to the total intakes rates for meats, grains, total vegetables,

tomatoes, and white potatoes to calculate an individual's total intake of these food groups, as

shown in the

example for

meats

below.

where:

IRmeat-adjusted = adjusted individual intake rate for total meat;

IRgr mixtures = individual intake rate for grain mixtures;

IRmt mixtures = individual intake rate for meat mixtures;

IRmeat = individual intake rate for meats;

Frmeat/gr = fraction of grain mixture that is meat; and

Frmeat/mt = fraction of meat mixture that is meat.

Population distributions for mixture-adjusted intakes were based on adjusted intake rates for the

population of interest.
3-A2

Table 3A-1. Fraction of Grain and Meat Mixture Intake Represented by Various Food Items/groups

Grain Mixtures

total vegetables

tomatoes

white potatoes

total meats

beef

pork

poultry

dairy

total grains

fish

eggs

fat

Meat Mixtures

total vegetables

tomatoes

white potatoes

total meats

beef

pork

poultry

dairy

total grains

fish

eggs

fats

0.2584

0.1685

0.0000

0.0787

0.0449

0.0112

0.0112

0.1348

0.3146

0.0000

0.0112

0.0225

0.3000

0.1111

0.0333

0.3111

0.2000

0.0222

0.0778

0.0556

0.1333

0.0444

0.0111

0.0222
APPENDIX 3B

FOOD CODES AND DEFINITIONS USED IN

ANALYSIS OF THE 1994-96 USDA CSFII DATA
3B-1

Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data

Food Product Food Codes

MAJOR FOOD GROUPS

Total Dairy 1- Milk and Milk Products

milk and milk drinks

cream and cream substitutes

milk desserts, sauces, and gravies

cheeses

Includes regular fluid milk, human milk, imitation milk

products, yogurt, milk-based meal replacements, and infant

formulas. Also includes the average portion of grain

mixtures (i.e., 13.48 percent) and the average portion of

meat mixtures (i.e., 5.56 percent) made up by dairy.

Total Meats 20- Meat, type not specified

21- Beef

22- Pork

23- Lamb, veal, game, carcass meat

24- Poultry

25- Organ meats, sausages, lunchmeats, meat spreads

Also includes the average portion of grain mixtures (i.e.,

7.87 percent) and the average portion of meat mixtures (i.e.,

31.11 percent) made up by meats.

Total Fish 26. Fish, all types Also includes the average portion of meat mixtures (i.e.,

4.44 percent) made up by fish.

Eggs 3- Eggs

eggs

egg mixtures

egg substitutes

eggs baby food

froz. meals with egg as main ingred.

Includes baby foods. Also includes the average portion of

grain mixtures (i.e., 1.12 percent) and the average portion

of meat mixtures (i.e., 1.11 percent) made up by eggs.

Total Grains 50- flour

51- breads

52- tortillas

53- sweets

54- snacks

55- breakfast foods

561- pasta

562- cooked cereals and rice

57- ready-to-eat and baby cereals

Also includes the average portion of grain mixtures (i.e.,

31.46 percent) and the average portion of meat mixtures

(i.e., 13.33 percent) made up by grain.

Total Fruits 6- Fruits

citrus fruits and juices

dried fruits

other fruits

fruits/juices & nectar

fruit/juices baby food

Includes baby foods.

Total Vegetables 7- Vegetables (all forms)

white potatoes & PR starchy

dark green vegetables

deep yellow vegetables

tomatoes and tom. mixtures

other vegetables

veg. and mixtures/baby food

veg. with meat mixtures

411- Beans/legumes

412- Beans/legumes

413- Beans/legumes

414- Soybeans

415- Bean dinners and soups

416- Bean dinners and soups

418- Meatless items

419- Soyburgers

Includes baby foods; mixtures, mostly vegetables; does not

include nuts and seeds. Also includes the average portion

of grain mixtures (i.e., 25.84 percent) and the average

portion of meat mixtures (i.e., 30.00 percent) made up by

vegetables.
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-2

Total Fats 8- Fats (all forms) Includes butter, margarine, animal fat, sauces, vegetable

oils, dressings, and mayonnaise. Also includes the average

portion of grain mixtures (i.e., 2.25 percent) and the

average portion of meat mixtures (i.e., 2.22 percent) made

up by meats.
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-3

INDIVIDUAL MEATS

Beef 21- Beef

beef, nfs

beef steak

beef oxtails, neckbones, ribs

roasts, stew meat, corned, brisket, sandwich steaks

ground beef, patties, meatballs

other beef items

beef baby food

Also includes the average portion of grain mixtures (i.e.,

4.49 percent) and the average portion of meat mixtures (i.e.,

20.0 percent) made up by beef.

Pork 22- Pork

pork, nfs; ground dehydrated

chops

steaks, cutlets

ham

roasts

Canadian bacon

bacon, salt pork

other pork items

pork baby food

Also includes the average portion of grain mixtures (i.e.,

1.12 percent) and the average portion of meat mixtures (i.e.,

2.22 percent) made up by pork.

Game 233- Game

Poultry 24- Poultry

chicken

turkey

duck

other poultry

poultry baby food

Also includes the average portion of grain mixtures (i.e.,

1.12 percent) and the average portion of meat mixtures (i.e.,

7.78 percent) made up by poultry.

INDIVIDUAL GRAINS

Breads 51- breads, rolls, muffins, bagel, biscuits, corn bread

52- tortillas

Sweets 53- cakes, cookies, pies, pastries, doughnuts,

breakfast bars, coffee cakes

Snacks 54- crackers, salty snacks, popcorn, pretzels

Breakfast Foods 55- pancakes, waffles, french toast

Pasta 561- macaroni, noodles, spaghetti

Cooked Cereals 56200-

56201-

56202-

56203-

56206-

56207-

56208-

56209-

56210-

Includes grits, oatmeal, cornmeal mush, millet, etc.

Rice 56204-

56205-

Includes all varieties of rice.

Ready-to-eat Cereals 570-

571-

572-

573-

574-

576-

Includes all varieties of ready-to-eat cereals.
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-4

Baby Cereals 578- baby cereals
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-5

FRUIT CATEGORIES

Citrus Fruits 61- Citrus Fruits and Juices

6720500 Orange Juice, baby food

6723050 Orange/carrot baby juice

63403150 Lime souffle

6721100 Orange-Apple-Banana Juice, baby food

Includes some citrus mixtures.

Other Fruits 62- Dried Fruits

63- Other Fruits

64- Fruit Juices and Nectars Excluding Citrus

671- Fruits, baby

67202- Apple Juice, baby

67203- Baby Juices

67204- Baby Juices

67212- Baby Juices

67213- Baby Juices

672300 Apple sweet potato juice

6725- Baby Juice

673- Baby Fruits

674- Baby Fruits

675- Apples with meat

Includes some mixtures (i.e., salads, baby foods).

Apples 6210110 Apples, dried, uncooked

6210115 Apples, dried, uncooked, low sodium

6210120 Apples, dried, cooked, NS as to sweetener

6210122 Apples, dried, cooked, unsweetened

6210123 Apples, dried, cooked, with sugar

6210130 Apple chips

6310100 Apples, raw

6310111 Applesauce, NS as to sweetener

6310112 Applesauce, unsweetened

6310113 Applesauce with sugar

6310114 Applesauce with low calorie sweetener

6310115 Applesauce/other fruits

6310121 Apples, cooked or canned with syrup

6310131 Apple, baked NS as to sweetener

6310132 Apple, baked, unsweetened

6310133 Apple, baked with sugar

6310141 Apple rings, fried

6310142 Apple, pickled

6310150 Apple, fried

634010 Apple/other fruit salad

6340106 Apple, candied

6410101 Apple cider

6410401 Apple juice

6410405 Apple juice with vitamin C

6410409 Apple juice with calcium

6410415 Apple-cherry juice

6410420 Apple-pear juice

6410445 Apple-raspberry juice

6410450 Apple-grape juice

6710030 Applesauce, baby toddler

6710100 Apple-raspberry, baby, ns as to strained or

junior

6710101 Apple-raspberry, baby, strained

6710102 Apple-raspberry, baby, junior

6710200 Applesauce baby fd., NS as to str. or jr.

6710201 Applesauce baby food, strained

6710202 Applesauce baby food, junior

67104- Applesauce & other fruit, baby

67113- Apples & pears, baby

6720200 Apple juice, baby food

6720300 Apple w/other fruit juice, baby

6720320 Apple-banana juice, baby

6720340 Apple-cherry juice, baby

6720345 Apple-cranberry juice, baby

6720350 Apple-grape juice, baby

6720360 Apple-peach juice, baby

6720370 Apple-prune juice, baby

6723000 Apple-sweet potato juice, baby food

6725005 Apple juice w/lowfat yogurt, baby food

67301- Apples & cranberries w/tapioca, baby

6740407 Apple yogurt dessert, baby, strained

67412- Dutch apple dessert, baby

675- Apples & meat, baby

Includes some mixtures.

Bananas 6210710 Banana flakes, dehydrated

6210720 Banana chips

63107- Bananas, various

6340199 Banana, chocolate covered

6340201 Bana whip

6420150 Banana nectar

6710503 Banana, baby

6711500 Banana, baby

6725010 Banana juice with yogurt, baby

67308- Banana, baby

67309- Banana, baby

6740411 Banana apple dessert, baby

6740420 Banana pineapple dessert, baby

67408- Banana, baby

674041- Banana, baby

Peaches 62116- Dried Peaches

63135- Peaches

6412203 Peach Juice

6420501 Peach Nectar

67108- Peaches ,baby

6711450 Peaches, dry, baby

67405- Peach cobbler, baby

67413700 Peach yogurt dessert, baby

Pears 62119- Dried Pears

63137- Pears

6341201 Pear salad

6421501 Pear Nectar

67109- Pears, baby

6711455 Pears, dry, baby

6721200 Pear juice, baby

6412300 Pear/white grape/passion fruit juice

67114- Pear/pineapple, baby

6725020 Pear/peach juice with yogurt, baby
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-6

Strawberries 6322- Strawberries

6413250 Strawberry Juice

Other Berries 6210910 Cranberries, dried

6320- Other Berries

6321- Other Berries

6322400 Youngberries, raw

6341101 Cranberry salad

6410460 Blackberry Juice

64105- Cranberry Juice

6740430 Blueberry yogurt dessert, baby
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-7

Exposed Fruits 621011- Apple, dried

621012- Apple, dried

6210130 Apple chips

62104- Apricot, dried

62108- Currants, dried

6210910 Cranberries, dried

62110- Date, dried

62116- Peaches, dried

62119- Pears, dried

62121- Plum, dried

62122- Prune, dried

62125- Raisins

63101- Apples/applesauce

63102- Wi-apple

63103- Apricots

63111- Cherries, maraschino

63112- Acerola

63113- Cherries, sour

63115- Cherries, sweet

63117- Currants, raw

63123- Grapes

6312601 Juneberry

63131- Nectarine

63135- Peach

63137- Pear

63139- Persimmons

63143- Plum

63146- Quince

63147- Rhubarb/Sapodillo

632- Berries

6340101 Apple salad w/dressing (include waldorf salad)

6340102 Apple & cabbage salad w/dressing

6340103 Apple & fruit salad w/dressing

6340106 Apple, candied (include caramel apples)

6340203 Prune whip

6341101 Cranberry salad, congealed

6341201 Pear salad w/dressing

6341500 Soup, sour cherry

64101- Apple Cider

64104- Apple Juice

6410409 Apple juice with calcium

64105- Cranberry Juice

64116- Grape Juice

64122- Peach Juice

6412300 Pear-white-grape-passion fruit juice, w/added Vit.

C

64132- Prune/Strawberry Juice

6420101 Apricot Nectar

64205- Peach Nectar

64215- Pear Nectar

6710030 Applesauce, baby toddler

6710100 Apple-raspberry, baby, ns as to strained or junior

6710101 Apple-raspberry, baby, strained

6710102 Apple-raspberry, baby, junior

67102- Applesauce, baby

6710400 Applesauce & apricots, baby, ns as to str or jr

6710401 Applesauce & apricots, baby, strained

6710402 Applesauce & apricots, baby, junior

6710407 Applesauce w/cherries, baby, strained

6710408 Applesauce w/cherries, baby, junior

6710409 Applesauce w/cherries, baby, ns str/jr

67108- Peaches, baby

67109- Pears, baby

6711000 Prunes, baby

6711300 Apples & pears, baby, ns as to str or jr

6711301 Apples & pears, baby, strained

6711302 Apples & pears, baby, junior

6711450 Peaches, baby, dry

6711455 Pears, baby, dry

67202- Apple Juice, baby

6720340 Apple-cherry juice, baby

6720345 Apple-cranberry juice, baby

6720350 Apple-grape juice, baby

6720360 Apple-peach juice, baby

6720370 Apple-prune juice, baby

6720380 White Grape Juice, baby

67212- Pear Juice, baby

6723000 Apple-sweet potato juice, baby food

6725005 Apple juice w/lowfat yogurt, baby food

6725020 Pear-peach juice w/lowfat yogurt, baby food

6730100 Apples & cranberries w/tapioca, baby, ns str/jr

6730101 Apples & cranberries w/tapioca, baby, strained

6730102 Apples & cranberries w/tapioca, baby, junior

6730400 Plums w/tapioca, baby, ns as to str/jr

6730401 Plums w/tapioca, baby, strained

6730402 Plums w/tapioca, baby, junior

6730403 Plums, bananas & rice, baby, strained

6730450 Prunes w/oatmeal, baby, strained

6730501 Prunes w/tapioca, baby, strained

6730600 Ciruelas w/tapioca, baby

6730700 Apricots w/tapioca, baby, ns as to str/jr

6730701 Apricots w/tapioca, baby, strained

6730702 Apricots w/tapioca, baby, junior

6740407 Apple yogurt dessert, baby, strained

6740430 Blueberry yogurt dessert, baby, strained

6740455 Cherry cobbler, baby, junior

6740500 Peach cobbler, baby, ns as to str/jr

6740501 Peach cobbler, baby, strained

6740502 Peach cobbler, baby, junior

6741000 Cherry vanilla pudding, baby

6741200 Dutch apple dessert, baby, ns as to str/jr

6741201 Dutch apple dessert, baby, strained

6741202 Dutch apple dessert, baby, junior

6741370 Peach yogurt dessert, baby, strained

675- Apples & meat
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-8

Protected Fruits 61- Citrus Fr., Juices (incl. cit. juice mixtures)

62107- Bananas, dried

62113- Figs, dried

62114- Lychees/Papayas, dried

62120- Pineapple, dried

62126- Tamarind, dried

63105- Avocado, raw

63107- Bananas

63109- Cantaloupe, Carambola

63110- Cassaba Melon

63119- Figs

63121- Genip

63125- Guava/Jackfruit, raw

6312650 Kiwi

6312651 Lychee, raw

6312660 Lychee, cooked

6312665 Loquats, raw

63127- Honeydew

63129- Mango

63133- Papaya

63134- Passion Fruit

63141- Pineapple

63145- Pomegranate

63148- Sweetsop, Soursop, Tamarind

63149- Watermelon

6340199 Banana, chocolate-covered, w/nuts

6340201 Banana whip

6340205 Fried dwarf banana w/cheese, puerto rican style

6340315 Lime souffle (include other citrus fruits)

6340801 Guacamole w/tomatoes

6340820 Guacamole w/tomatoes & chile peppers

63490901 Guacamole, nfs

64120- Papaya Juice

64121- Passion Fruit Juice

64124- Pineapple Juice

64125- Pineapple juice

64133- Watermelon Juice

6420150 Banana Nectar

64202- Cantaloupe Nectar

64203- Guava Nectar

64204- Mango Nectar

64210- Papaya Nectar

64213- Passion Fruit Nectar

64221- Soursop Nectar

6710503 Bananas, baby

6711500 Bananas, baby, dry

6720500 Orange Juice, baby

6721300 Pineapple Juice, baby

6723050 Orange-carrot juice, baby food

6725010 Banana juice w/lowfat yogurt, baby food

6730800 Bananas w/tapioca, baby, ns as to str/jr

6730801 Bananas w/tapioca, baby, strained

6730802 Bananas w/tapioca, baby, junior

6730900 Bananas & pineapple w/tapioca, baby, ns as to

str/jr

6730901 Bananas & pineapple w/tapioca, baby, strained

6730902 Bananas & pineapple w/tapioca, baby, junior

6740411 Banana apple dessert, baby food, strained

6740420 Banana pineapple dessert, w/tapioca, baby

6740801 Banana pudding, baby, strained

6740850 Banana yogurt dessert, baby, strained

6741400 Pineapple dessert, baby, ns as to str/jr

6741401 Pineapple dessert, baby, strained

6741402 Pineapple dessert, baby, junior

6741410 Mango dessert w/tapioca, baby

VEGETABLE CATEGORIES

Asparagus 7510080 Asparagus, raw

75202- Asparagus, cooked

7540101 Asparagus, creamed or with cheese

756010 Asparagus soup

Does not include vegetables with meat mixtures.

Beets 72101- Beet greens

7510250 Beets, raw

752080- Beets, cooked

752081- Beets, canned

7540501 Beets, Harvard

7550021 Beets, pickled

7560110 Beet soup

76403- Beets, baby

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Broccoli 722- Broccoli (all forms)

7230200 Broccoli soup (include cream of broccoli soup)

7230210 Broccoli cheese soup, prep w/milk

7230200 Broccoli soup (include cream of broccoli soup)

7514050 Broccoli salad w/cauliflower, cheese, bacon, &

dressing

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Cabbage 7510300 Cabbage, raw

7510400 Cabbage, Chinese, raw

7510500 Cabbage, red, raw

7514100 Cabbage salad or coleslaw

7514110 Cabbage salad or coleslaw, w/apples, raisins,

dress

7514120 Cabbage salad or coleslaw, w/pineapple, dressing

7514130 Cabbage, Chinese, salad

75210- Chinese Cabbage, cooked

75211- Green Cabbage, cooked

75212- Red Cabbage, cooked

752130- Savoy Cabbage, cooked

75230- Sauerkraut, cooked

7540701 Cabbage, creamed

755025- Cabbage, pickled or in relish

7560120 Cabbage soup

7560121 Cabbage w/meat soup

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-9

Carrots 7310- Carrots (all forms)

7311140 Carrots in Sauce

7311200 Carrot Chips

735- Carrot soup

76201- Carrots, baby

7620200 Carrots & peas, baby

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Corn 7510960 Corn, raw

7521600 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/fat added 

7521601 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/fat not added

7521602 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/fat added

7521605 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/cream style

7521607 Corn, cooked, dried

7521610 Corn, cooked, yellow/NS as to fat added 

7521611 Corn, cooked, yellow/fat not added 

7521612 Corn, cooked, yellow/fat added 

7521615 Corn, yellow, cream style

7521616 Corn, cooked, yell. & wh./NS as to fat 

7521617 Corn, cooked, yell. & wh./fat not added 

7521618 Corn, cooked, yell. & wh./fat added 

7521619 Corn, yellow, cream style, fat added 

7521620 Corn, cooked, white/NS as to fat added 

7521621 Corn, cooked, white/fat not added 

7521622 Corn, cooked, white/fat added 

7521625 Corn, white, cream style

7521630 Corn, yellow, canned, low sodium, NS fat

7521631 Corn, yell., canned, low sod., fat not add

7521632 Corn, yell., canned, low sod., fat added

7521749 Hominy, cooked

752175- Hominy, cooked

7530301 Corn w/peppers, red or green, cooked, no fat

added

7541101 Corn scalloped or pudding

7541102 Corn fritter

7541103 Corn with cream sauce

7550101 Corn relish

756040- Corn soup

76405- Corn, baby

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Cucumbers 7511100 Cucumbers, raw

75142- Cucumber salads

752167- Cucumbers, cooked

7550301 Cucumber pickles, dill

7550302 Cucumber pickles, relish

7550303 Cucumber pickles, sour

7550304 Cucumber pickles, sweet

7550305 Cucumber pickles, fresh

7550307 Cucumber, Kim Chee

7550311 Cucumber pickles, dill, reduced salt

7550314 Cucumber pickles, sweet, reduced salt

7560451 Cucumber soup, cream of, w/milk

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Lettuce 75113- Lettuce, raw

75143- Lettuce salad with other veg.

7514410 Lettuce, wilted, with bacon dressing

7522005 Lettuce, cooked

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Lima Beans 4110300 Lima beans, dry, cooked, ns as to added fat

4110301 Lima beans, dry, cooked, fat added

4110302 Lime beans, dry, cooked, no fat added

4121011 Stewed dry lima beans, p.r.

4130104 Lima bean soup

4160104 Lima bean soup

7510200 Lima beans, raw

752040- Lima beans, cooked

752041- Lima beans, canned

75301- Beans, lima & corn (succotash)

75402- Lima beans with sauce

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Okra 7522000 Okra, cooked, NS as to fat

7522001 Okra, cooked, fat not added

7522002 Okra, cooked, fat added

7522010 Lufta, cooked (Chinese Okra)

7541450 Okra, fried

7550700 Okra, pickled

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Onions 7510950 Chives, raw

7511150 Garlic, raw

7511250 Leek, raw

7511701 Onions, young green, raw

7511702 Onions, mature

7521550 Chives, dried

7521740 Garlic, cooked

7521840 Leek, cooked

7522100 Onions, mature cooked, NS as to fat added

7522101 Onions, mature cooked, fat not added

7522102 Onions, mature cooked, fat added

7522103 Onions, pearl cooked

7522104 Onions, young green cooked, NS as to fat

7522105 Onions, young green cooked, fat not added

7522106 Onions, young green cooked, fat added

7522110 Onion, dehydrated

7541501 Onions, creamed

7541502 Onion rings

75605- Leek soup

75608- Onion soup

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-10

Peas 413010- Cowpeas, dry, cooked

413020- Chickpeas, dry, cooked

41303- Split peas, dry, cooked

413035- Stewed green peas

4130403 Peas, dry, cooked w/pork

4130413 Cowpeas, dry, cooked w/pork

4131010 Stewed pigeon peas, p.r.

4131015 Stewed chickpeas, p.r.

4131016 Stewed chickpeas, w/potatoes, p.r.

4131020 Chickpeas, w/pig’s feet, p.r.

4131021 Chickpeas, w/spanish sausage, p.r.

4131022 Fried chickpeas, p.r.

4131031 Stewed cowpeas, p.r.

4160201 Chunky pea & ham soup

4160202 Garbanzo or chickpea soup

4160203 Split pea & ham soup

4160204 Pea soup, instant type

4160205 Split pea soup

4160206 Pigeon pea asopao

4160207 Split pea soup, can, reduced sodium, w/water/rts

4160209 Split pea & ham soup, can, reduced sodium,

w/water/rts

731110- &

 731112- Peas & carrots

7512000 Peas, green, raw

7512775 Snowpeas, raw

75223- Peas, cowpeas, field or blackeye, cooked

75224- Peas, green, cooked

75225- Peas, pigeon, cooked

75231- Snowpeas, cooked

75315- Peas & corn onions, mushrooms, beans, or

potatoes

7541650 Pea salad

7541660 Pea salad with cheese

75417- Peas, with sauce or creamed

75609- Pea soup

76409- Peas, baby

76411- Peas, creamed, baby

7650200 Peas & brown rice, baby

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Peppers 7512140 Pepper, poblano, raw

7512100 Pepper, hot chili, raw

7512150 Pepper, serrano, raw

7512200 Pepper, raw

7512210 Pepper, sweet green, raw

7512220 Pepper, sweet red, raw

7512400 Pepper, banana, raw

7522600 Pepper, green, cooked, NS as to fat added

7522601 Pepper, green, cooked, fat not added

7522602 Pepper, green, cooked, fat added

7522604 Pepper, red, cooked, NS as to fat added

7522605 Pepper, red, cooked, fat not added

7522606 Pepper, red, cooked, fat added

7522609 Pepper, hot, cooked, NS as to fat added

7522610 Pepper, hot, cooked, fat not added

7522611 Pepper, hot, cooked, fat added

7530700 Green peppers & onions, cooked, fat added in

cooking

7551101 Peppers, hot, sauce

7551102 Peppers, pickled

7551104 Pepper, hot pickled

7551105 Peppers, hot pickled

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Pumpkin 732- Pumpkin (all forms)

733- Winter squash (all forms)

76205- Squash, baby

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Snap Beans 7510180 Beans, string, green, raw

7520498 Beans, string, cooked, NS color/fat added

7520499 Beans, string, cooked, NS color/no fat

7520500 Beans, string, cooked, NS color & fat

7520501 Beans, string, cooked, green/NS fat

7520502 Beans, string, cooked, green/no fat

7520503 Beans, string, cooked, green/fat

7520511 Beans, str., canned, low sod.,green/NS fat

7520512 Beans, str., canned, low sod.,green/no fat

7520513 Beans, str., canned, low sod.,green/fat

7520600 Beans, string, cooked, yellow/NS fat

7520601 Beans, string, cooked, yellow/no fat

7520602 Beans, string, cooked, yellow/fat

7530201 Beans, green string w/tomatoes (assume w/o fat)

7530202 Beans, green string w/onions, cooked, no fat

added

7530203 Beans, green string w/chickpeas, cooked, no fat

added

7530204 Beans, green string w/almonds, cooked, no fat

added

7530205 Beans, green & potatoes, cooked, no fat added

7530206 Beans, green w/pinto beans, cooked, no fat

added

7530207 Beans, green w/spaetzel, cooked, no fat added

7530208 Bean salad, yellow &/or green string beans

7530220 Beans, green string w/onions, ns as to added

fat

7530221 Beans, green string w/onions, fat added

7530250 Beans, green & potatoes, ns as to added fat

7530251 Beans, green & potatoes, fat added

7540301 Beans, string, green, creamed

7540302 Beans, string, green, w/mushroom sauce

7540401 Beans, string, yellow, creamed

7550011 Beans, string, green, pickled

7640100 Beans, green, string, baby

7640101 Beans, green, string, baby, str.

7640102 Beans, green, string, baby, junior

7640103 Beans, green, string, baby, creamed

7640106 Beans, green string, baby

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-11

Tomatoes 74- Tomatoes and Tomato Mixtures

raw, cooked, juices, sauces, mixtures, soups,

sandwiches

Also includes the average portion of grain mixtures (i.e.,

16.85 percent) and the average portion of meat mixtures

(i.e., 11.11 percent) made up by tomatoes.

White Potatoes 71- White Potatoes and PR Starchy Veg.

baked, boiled, chips, sticks, creamed, scalloped,

au gratin, fried, mashed, stuffed, puffs, salad,

recipes, soups, Puerto Rican starchy vegetables

76420000 Potatoes, baby

Also includes the average portion of meat mixtures (i.e.,

3.33 percent) made up by meats.

Dark Green

Vegetables

72- Dark Green Vegetables

all forms

leafy, nonleafy, dk. gr. veg. soups

Deep Yellow

Vegetables

73- Deep Yellow Vegetables

all forms

carrots, pumpkin, squash, sweet potatoes, dp. yell.

veg. soups

Other Vegetables 75- Other Vegetables

all forms
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-12

Exposed Vegetables 721- Dark Green Leafy Veg.

722- Dark Green Nonleafy Veg.

7230200 Broccoli soup (include cream of broccoli soup)

7230210 Broccoli cheese soup, prep w/milk

7230500 Escarole soup

7230600 Watercress broth w/shrimp

7230700 Spinach soup

7230800 Dark-green leafy vegetable soup w/meat, oriental

7230850 Dark-green leafy vegetable soup, meatless,

oriental

74- Tomatoes and Tomato Mixtures

7510050 Alfalfa Sprouts

7510075 Artichoke, Jerusalem, raw

7510080 Asparagus, raw

75101- Beans, sprouts and green, raw

7510260 Broccoflower, raw

7510275 Brussel Sprouts, raw

7510280 Buckwheat Sprouts, raw

7510300 Cabbage, raw

7510400 Cabbage, Chinese, raw

7510500 Cabbage, Red, raw

7510700 Cauliflower, raw

7510900 Celery, raw

7510950 Chives, raw

7510955 Cilantro, raw

7511100 Cucumber, raw

7511120 Eggplant, raw

7511200 Kohlrabi, raw

75113- Lettuce, raw

7511500 Mushrooms, raw

7511900 Parsley

7512100 Pepper, hot chili

75122- Peppers, raw

7512400 Pepper, banana, raw

7512750 Seaweed, raw

7512775 Snowpeas, raw

75128- Summer Squash, raw

7513210 Celery Juice

7514050 Broccoli salad w/cauliflower, cheese, bacon,

dressing

7514100 Cabbage or cole slaw

7514110 Cabbage salad or coleslaw w/apples/raisins,

dressing

7514120 Cabbage salad or coleslaw w/pineapple, dressing

7514130 Chinese Cabbage Salad

7514150 Celery with cheese

75142- Cucumber salads

75143- Lettuce salads

7514410 Lettuce, wilted with bacon dressing

7514500 Seven-layer salad (lettuce, mayo, cheese, egg,

peas)

7514600 Greek salad

7514700 Spinach salad

7514800 Cob salad w/dressing

7520060 Algae, dried

75201- Artichoke, cooked

75202- Asparagus, cooked

75203- Bamboo shoots, cooked

752049- Beans, string, cooked

75205- Beans, green, cooked/canned

75206- Beans, yellow, cooked/canned

75207- Bean Sprouts, cooked

752085- Breadfruit

752087- Broccoflower, cooked

752090- Brussel Sprouts, cooked

75210- Cabbage, Chinese, cooked

75211- Cabbage, green, cooked

75212- Cabbage, red, cooked

752130- Cabbage, savoy, cooked

75214- Cauliflower

75215- Celery, Chives, Christophine (chayote)

752167- Cucumber, cooked

752170- Eggplant, cooked

752171- Fern shoots

752172- Fern shoots

752173- Flowers of sesbania, squash or lily

7521801 Kohlrabi, cooked

75219- Mushrooms, cooked

75220- Okra/lettuce, cooked

7522116 Palm Hearts, cooked

7522121 Parsley, cooked

75226- Peppers, pimento, cooked

75230- Sauerkraut, cooked/canned

75231- Snowpeas, cooked

75232- Seaweed

75233- Summer Squash

7530201 Beans, green string w/tomatoes (assume w/o

fat)

7530202 Beans, green string w/onions, no fat added

7530203 Beans, green string w/chickpeas, cooked, no

fat added

7530204 Beans, green string w/almonds, cooked, no fat

added

7530205 Beans, green & potatoes, cooked, no fat added

7530206 Beans, green w/pinto beans, cooked, no fat

added

7530207 Beans, green w/spaetzel, cooked, no fat added

7530208 Bean salad, yellow &/or green string beans

7530220 Beans, green string w/onions, ns as to added

fat

7530221 Beans, green string w/onions, fat added

7530250 Beans, green & potatoes, ns as to added fat

7530251 Beans, green & potatoes, fat added

7530601 Eggplant in tom sauce, cooked, no fat added

7530700 Green peppers & onions, cooked, fat added in

cooking
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-13

Exposed Vegetables

(continued)

7531600 Squash, summer & onions, cooked, no fat added

7531601 Zucchini w/tom sauce, cooked, no fat added in

cooking

7531602 Squash, summer & onions, cooked, fat added

7540050 Artichokes, stuffed

7540101 Asparagus, creamed or with cheese

75403- Beans, green with sauce

75404- Beans, yellow with sauce

7540601 Brussel Sprouts, creamed

7540701 Cabbage, creamed

75409- Cauliflower, creamed

75410- Celery/Chiles, creamed

75412- Eggplant, fried, with sauce, etc.

75413- Kohlrabi, creamed

75414- Mushrooms, Okra, fried, stuffed, creamed

754180- Squash, baked, fried, creamed, etc.

7541822 Christophine, creamed

7550011 Beans, pickled

7550051 Celery, pickled

7550201 Cauliflower, pickled

755025- Cabbage, pickled

7550301 Cucumber pickles, dill

7550302 Cucumber pickles, relish

7550303 Cucumber pickles, sour

7550304 Cucumber pickles, sweet

7550305 Cucumber pickles, fresh

7550307 Cucumber, Kim Chee

7550308 Eggplant, pickled

7550311 Cucumber pickles, dill, reduced salt

7550314 Cucumber pickles, sweet, reduced salt

7550500 Mushrooms, pickled

7550700 Okra, pickled

75510- Olives

7551101 Peppers, hot

7551102 Peppers, pickled

7551104 Peppers, hot pickled

7551301 Seaweed, pickled

7553500 Zucchini, pickled

756010- Asparagus soup

756012- Cabbage soup

756020- Cauliflower soup, cream of, w/milk

756030- Celery soup

7560451 Cucumber soup, cream of, w/milk

756046- Gazpacho

75607- Mushroom soup

7561201 Zucchini soup, cream of, prep w/milk

7564700 Seaweed soup

76102- Dark Green Veg., baby

76401- Beans, baby (excl. most soups & mixtures)

7660400 Broccoli & chicken, baby, strained

7661150 Green beans & turkey, baby, strained

7731601 Stuffed cabbage w/meat, p.r. (repollo relleno

con carne)

7731651 Stuffed cabbage w/meat & rice, syrian dish,

puerto rican style

7731660 Eggplant and meat casserole

7756301 Puerto rican stew (sancocho)

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

Protected Veg. 411-, 412-,

 413- Beans and lentils

414- Soy products

415-, 416- Bean meals

7185-,

 7190- Plantains soups etc.

732- Pumpkin

733- Winter Squash

7510200 Lima Beans, raw

7510550 Cactus, raw

7510960 Corn, raw

7512000 Peas, raw

7520070 Aloe vera juice

752040- Lima Beans, cooked

752041- Lima Beans, canned

7520829 Bitter Melon

752083- Bitter Melon, cooked

7520950 Burdock

752131- Cactus

752160- Corn, cooked

752161- Corn, yellow, cooked

752162- Corn, white, cooked

752163- Corn, canned

7521749 Hominy 

752175- Hominy

75223- Peas, cowpeas, field or blackeye, cooked

75224- Peas, green, cooked

75225- Peas, pigeon, cooked

75301- Succotash

7531500 Peas & corn, cooked, ns as to added fat

7531501 Peas & corn, cooked, no fat added

7531502 Peas & corn, cooked, fat added

7531510 Peas & onions, cooked, ns as to added fat

7531511 Peas & onions, cooked, fat not added

7531512 Peas & onions, cooked, fat added

7531521 Peas w/mushrooms, cooked, no fat added

7531525 Cowpeas w/snap beans, cooked, no fat added

in cooking

7531530 Peas & potatoes, cooked, no fat added in

cooking

75402- Lima Beans with sauce

75411- Corn, scalloped, fritter, with cream

7541650 Pea salad

7541660 Pea salad with cheese

75417- Peas, with sauce or creamed

7550101 Corn relish

7560401 Corn soup, cream of, w/milk

7560402 Corn soup, cream of, prepared w/water

7560900 Pea soup, nfs

7560901 Pea soup, prep w/milk

7560802 Pea soup, prepared w/water

7560905 Pea soup, prepared w/water, low sodium

7560906 Pea soup, prepared w/lowfat milk

76205- Squash, yellow, baby

76405- Corn, baby

76409- Peas, baby

76411- Peas, creamed, baby

7650200 Peas and brown rice, baby

7720121 Green plantain w/cracklings, p.r. (Mofongo)

7720511 Ripe plantain fritters, p.r. (Pionono)

7720561 Ripe plantainmeat pie, p.r. (Pinon)

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-14

Root Vegetables 710-, 711-, 712-, 713-, 714-, 715-, 716-, 717-, 

 7180-, 1793-, 7194-, 7195-, 7196-, 

 7198- White Potatoes and Puerto Rican St. Veg.

7310- Carrots

7311140 Carrots in sauce

7311200 Carrot chips

734- Sweet potatoes

7510250 Beets, raw

7511150 Garlic, raw

7511180 Jicama (yambean), raw

7511250 Leeks, raw

75117- Onions, raw

7512500 Radish, raw

7512700 Rutabaga, raw

7512900 Turnip, raw

752080- Beets, cooked

752081- Beets, canned

7521362 Cassava

7521740 Garlic, cooked

7521771 Horseradish

7521840 Leek, cooked

7521850 Lotus root

752210- Onions, cooked

7522110 Onions, dehydrated

752220- Parsnips, cooked

75227- Radishes, cooked

75228- Rutabaga, cooked

75229- Salsify, cooked

75234- Turnip, cooked

75235- Water Chestnut

7540501 Beets, harvard

75415- Onions, creamed, fried

7541601 Parsnips, creamed

7541810 Turnips, creamed

7550021 Beets, pickled

7550309 Horseradish

7551201 Radishes, pickled

7553403 Turnip, pickled

7560110 Beet soup (borscht)

7560501 Leek soup, cream of, prep w/milk

7560503 Leek soup, made from dry mix

7560801 Onion soup, cream of, prep w/milk

7560803 Onion soup, cream of, canned, undiluted

7560810 Onion soup, french

7560820 Onion soup, made from dry mix

7560830 Onion soup, dry mix, not reconstituted

76201- Carrots, baby

76209- Sweet potatoes, baby

76403- Beets, baby

7642000 Potatoes, baby

7660200 Carrots & beef, baby, strained

7712101 Fried stuffed potatoes, p.r. (Rellenos de papas)

7712111 Potato & ham fritters, p.r. (frituras de papa y

jamon)

7714101 Potato chicken pie, p.r. (Pastelon de pollo)

7723021 Cassava pasteles, p.r. (Pasteles de yuca)

7723051 Cassava pie stuffed w/crab meat, p.r.

7725011 Stuffed tannier fritters, p.r. (Alcapurrias)

7725071 Tannier fritters, p.r. (Frituras de yautia)

Does not include vegetable with meat mixtures.

FAT CATEGORIES

Animal Fat 81201- Bacon grease

81202- Lard

812032- Shortening, animal

8133011 Lard

Butter 811005- Butter

81101- Butter

81105- Butter

81204- Clarified butter

8132200 Honey butter

Dressing 83100-

83101-

83102-

83103-

83104-

83105-

83106-

8311-

83200-

83201-

83202-

83203-

83205-

83206-

83207-

83208-

83209-

83210-

83220-

Margarine 81102-

81103-

81104-

81106-

Mayonnaise 83204-

83107-

83108-
Table 3B-1 Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1994-96 USDA CSFII Data (Continued)

Food Product Food Codes

3B-15

Sauce 81301– Lemon butter sauce

81302- Sauces, various

81312- Tartar sauce

Vegetable Oil 812031- Shortening, vegetable

81324- Lechithin

8133021 Adobo fresco

82101- Vegetable oil

82102- Corn oil

82103- Cottonseed & flax seed oil

82104- Olive oil

82105- Peanut, rapeseed, & canola oil

82106- Safflower oil

82107- Sesame oil

82108- Soy and sunflower oil

82109- Wheat germ oil
3B-16

APPENDIX 3C

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF MEAN DAILY FAT INTAKE BASED

ON CDC (1994) DATA
3C-1

Sample Calculation of Mean Daily Fat Intake Based on CDC (1994) Data

CDC (1994) provided data on the mean daily total food energy intake (TFEI) and the mean percentages of TFEI from total dietary fat grouped

by age and gender. The overall mean daily TFEI was 2,095 kcal for the total population and 34 percent (or 82 g) of their TFEI was from total dietary

fat (CDC, 1994). Based on this information, the amount of fat per kcal was calculated as shown in the following example.

0.34 2,095

kcal

day

X g fat

day 82 g fat

day

× × − = −

∴ = − X 0.12 g fat

kcal

where 0.34 is the fraction of fat intake, 2,095 is the total food intake, and X is the conversion factor from kcal/day to g-fat/day.

Using the conversion factor shown above (i.e., 0.12 g-fat/kcal) and the information on the mean daily TFEI and percentage of TFEI for the

various age/gender groups, the daily fat intake was calculated for these groups. An example of obtaining the grams of fat from the daily TFEI

(1,591 kcal/day) for children ages 3-5 and their percent TFEI from total dietary fat (33 percent) is as follows:

1,591

kcal

day 0.33 0.12 g fat

kcal 63 g fat

day

× × − = −
APPENDIX 3D

FOOD CODES AND DEFINITIONS USED IN ANALYSIS 

OF THE 1987-88 USDA NFCS DATA
3D-1

Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

MAJOR FOOD GROUPS

Total Fruits 50- Fresh Fruits

citrus

other vitamin-C rich

other fruits

512- Commercially Canned Fruits

522- Commercially Frozen Fruits

533- Canned Fruit Juice

534- Frozen Fruit Juice

535- Aseptically Packed Fruit Juice

536- Fresh Fruit Juice

542- Dried Fruits

(includes baby foods)

6- Fruits

citrus fruits and juices

dried fruits

other fruits

fruits/juices & nectar

fruit/juices baby food

(includes baby foods)

Total

Vegetables

48- Potatoes, Sweetpotatoes

49- Fresh Vegetables

dark green

deep yellow

tomatoes

light green

other

511- Commercially Canned Vegetables

521- Commercially Frozen Vegetables

531- Canned Vegetable Juice

532- Frozen Vegetable Juice

537- Fresh Vegetable Juice

538- Aseptically Packed Vegetable Juice

541- Dried Vegetables

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures/dinners)

7- Vegetables (all forms)

white potatoes & PR starchy

dark green vegetables

deep yellow vegetables

tomatoes and tom. mixtures

other vegetables

veg. and mixtures/baby food

veg. with meat mixtures

(includes baby foods; mixtures, mostly vegetables)

Total Meats 44- Meat

beef

pork

veal

lamb

mutton

goat

game

lunch meat

mixtures

451- Poultry

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

20- Meat, type not specified

21- Beef

22- Pork

23- Lamb, veal, game, carcass meat

24- Poultry

25- Organ meats, sausages, lunchmeats, meat spreads

(excludes meat, poultry, and fish with non-meat items;

frozen plate meals; soups and gravies with meat, poultry

and fish base; and gelatin-based drinks; includes baby

foods)

Total Dairy 40- Milk Equivalent

fresh fluid milk

processed milk

cream and cream substitutes

frozen desserts with milk

cheese

dairy-based dips

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners)

1- Milk and Milk Products

milk and milk drinks

cream and cream substitutes

milk desserts, sauces, and gravies

cheeses

(includes regular fluid milk, human milk, imitation milk

products, yogurt, milk-based meal replacements, and infant

formulas)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-2

Total Fish 452- Fish, Shellfish

various species

fresh, frozen, commercial, dried

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners)

26- Fish, Shellfish

various species and forms

(excludes meat, poultry, and fish with non-meat items;

frozen plate meals; soups and gravies with meat, poultry

and fish base; and gelatin-based drinks)

INDIVIDUAL FOODS

White

Potatoes

4811- White Potatoes, fresh

4821- White Potatoes, commercially canned

4831- White Potatoes, commercially frozen

4841- White Potatoes, dehydrated

4851- White Potatoes, chips, sticks, salad

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners)

71- White Potatoes and PR Starchy Veg.

baked, boiled, chips, sticks, creamed, scalloped, au

gratin, fried, mashed, stuffed, puffs, salad, recipes,

soups, Puerto Rican starchy vegetables

(does not include vegetables soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Peppers 4913- Green/Red Peppers, fresh

5111201 Sweet Green Peppers, commercially canned

5111202 Hot Chili Peppers, commercially canned

5211301 Sweet Green Peppers, commercially frozen

5211302 Green Chili Peppers, commercially frozen

5211303 Red Chili Peppers, commercially frozen

5413112 Sweet Green Peppers, dry

5413113 Red Chili Peppers, dry

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners)

7512100 Pepper, hot chili, raw

7512200 Pepper, raw

7512210 Pepper, sweet green, raw

7512220 Pepper, sweet red, raw

7522600 Pepper, green, cooked, NS as to fat added

7522601 Pepper, green, cooked, fat not added

7522602 Pepper, green, cooked, fat added

7522604 Pepper, red, cooked, NS as to fat added

7522605 Pepper, red, cooked, fat not added

7522606 Pepper, red, cooked, fat added

7522609 Pepper, hot, cooked, NS as to fat added

7522610 Pepper, hot, cooked, fat not added

7522611 Pepper, hot, cooked, fat added

7551101 Peppers, hot, sauce

7551102 Peppers, pickled

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Onions 4953- Onions, Garlic, fresh

onions

chives

garlic

leeks

5114908 Garlic Pulp, raw

5114915 Onions, commercially canned

5213722 Onions, commercially frozen

5213723 Onions with Sauce, commercially frozen

5413103 Chives, dried

5413105 Garlic Flakes, dried

5413110 Onion Flakes, dried

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners)

7510950 Chives, raw

7511150 Garlic, raw

7511250 Leek, raw

7511701 Onions, young green, raw

7511702 Onions, mature

7521550 Chives, dried

7521740 Garlic, cooked

7522100 Onions, mature cooked, NS as to fat added

7522101 Onions, mature cooked, fat not added

7522102 Onions, mature cooked, fat added

7522103 Onions, pearl cooked

7522104 Onions, young green cooked, NS as to fat

7522105 Onions, young green cooked, fat not added

7522106 Onions, young green cooked, fat added

7522110 Onion, dehydrated
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-3

Corn 4956- Corn, fresh

5114601 Yellow Corn, commercially canned

5114602 White Corn, commercially canned

5114603 Yellow Creamed Corn, commercially canned

5114604 White Creamed Corn, commercially canned

5114605 Corn on Cob, commercially canned

5114607 Hominy, canned

5115306 Low Sodium Corn, commercially canned

5115307 Low Sodium Cr. Corn, commercially canned

5213501 Yellow Corn on Cob, commercially frozen

5213502 Yellow Corn off Cob, commercially frozen

5213503 Yell. Corn with Sauce, commercially frozen

5213504 Corn with other Veg., commercially frozen

5213505 White Corn on Cob, commercially frozen

5213506 White Corn off Cob, commercially frozen

7510960 Corn, raw

7521600 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/fat added 

7521601 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/fat not added

7521602 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/fat added

7521605 Corn, cooked, NS as to color/cream style

7521607 Corn, cooked, dried

7521610 Corn, cooked, yellow/NS as to fat added 

7521611 Corn, cooked, yellow/fat not added 

7521612 Corn, cooked, yellow/fat added 

7521615 Corn, yellow, cream style

7521616 Corn, cooked, yell. & wh./NS as to fat

7521617 Corn, cooked, yell. & wh./fat not added 

7521618 Corn, cooked, yell. & wh./fat added 

7521619 Corn, yellow, cream style, fat added 

7521620 Corn, cooked, white/NS as to fat added 

Corn (cont.) 5213507 Wh. Corn with Sauce, commercially frozen

5413104 Corn, dried

5413106 Hominy, dry

5413603 Corn, instant baby food

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby food)

7521621 Corn, cooked, white/fat not added 

7521622 Corn, cooked, white/fat added 

7521625 Corn, white, cream style

7521630 Corn, yellow, canned, low sodium, NS fat

7521631 Corn, yell., canned, low sod., fat not add

7521632 Corn, yell., canned, low sod., fat added

7521749 Hominy, cooked

752175- Hominy, cooked

7541101 Corn scalloped or pudding

7541102 Corn fritter

7541103 Corn with cream sauce

7550101 Corn relish

76405- Corn, baby

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures; includes baby food)

Apples 5031- Apples, fresh

5122101 Applesauce with sugar, commercially canned

5122102 Applesauce without sugar, comm. canned

5122103 Apple Pie Filling, commercially canned

5122104 Apples, Applesauce, baby/jr., comm. canned

5122106 Apple Pie Filling, Low Cal., comm. canned

5223101 Apple Slices, commercially frozen

5332101 Apple Juice, canned

5332102 Apple Juice, baby, Comm. canned

5342201 Apple Juice, comm. frozen

5342202 Apple Juice, home frozen

5352101 Apple Juice, aseptically packed

5362101 Apple Juice, fresh

5423101 Apples, dried

(includes baby food; except mixtures)

6210110 Apples, dried, uncooked

6210115 Apples, dried, uncooked, low sodium

6210120 Apples, dried, cooked, NS as to sweetener

6210122 Apples, dried, cooked, unsweetened

6210123 Apples, dried, cooked, with sugar

6310100 Apples, raw

6310111 Applesauce, NS as to sweetener

6310112 Applesauce, unsweetened

6310113 Applesauce with sugar

6310114 Applesauce with low calorie sweetener

6310121 Apples, cooked or canned with syrup

6310131 Apple, baked NS as to sweetener

6310132 Apple, baked, unsweetened

6310133 Apple, baked with sugar

6310141 Apple rings, fried

6310142 Apple, pickled

6310150 Apple, fried

6340101 Apple, salad

6340106 Apple, candied

6410101 Apple cider

6410401 Apple juice

6410405 Apple juice with vitamin C

6710200 Applesauce baby fd., NS as to str. or jr.

6710201 Applesauce baby food, strained

6710202 Applesauce baby food, junior

6720200 Apple juice, baby food

(includes baby food; except mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-4

Tomatoes 4931- Tomatoes, fresh

5113- Tomatoes, commercially canned

5115201 Tomatoes, low sodium, commercially canned

5115202 Tomato Sauce, low sodium, comm. canned

5115203 Tomato Paste, low sodium, comm. canned

5115204 Tomato Puree, low sodium, comm. canned

5311- Canned Tomato Juice and Tomato Mixtures

5321- Frozen Tomato Juice

5371- Fresh Tomato Juice

5381102 Tomato Juice, aseptically packed

5413115 Tomatoes, dry

5614- Tomato Soup

5624- Condensed Tomato Soup

5654- Dry Tomato Soup

(does not include mixtures, and ready-to-eat dinners)

74- Tomatoes and Tomato Mixtures

raw, cooked, juices, sauces, mixtures, soups,

sandwiches

Snap Beans 4943- Snap or Wax Beans, fresh

5114401 Green or Snap Beans, commercially canned 

5114402 Wax or Yellow Beans, commercially canned 

5114403 Beans, baby/jr., commercially canned

5115302 Green Beans, low sodium, comm. canned

5115303 Yell. or Wax Beans, low sod., comm. canned

5213301 Snap or Green Beans, comm. frozen

5213302 Snap or Green w/sauce, comm. frozen

5213303 Snap or Green Beans w/other veg., comm. fr.

5213304 Sp. or Gr. Beans w/other veg./sc., comm. fr.

5213305 Wax or Yell. Beans, comm. frozen

(does not include soups, mixtures, and ready-to-eat dinners;

includes baby foods)

7510180 Beans, string, green, raw

7520498 Beans, string, cooked, NS color/fat added

7520499 Beans, string, cooked, NS color/no fat

7520500 Beans, string, cooked, NS color & fat

7520501 Beans, string, cooked, green/NS fat

7520502 Beans, string, cooked, green/no fat

7520503 Beans, string, cooked, green/fat

7520511 Beans, str., canned, low sod.,green/NS fat

7520512 Beans, str., canned, low sod.,green/no fat

7520513 Beans, str., canned, low sod.,green/fat

7520600 Beans, string, cooked, yellow/NS fat

7520601 Beans, string, cooked, yellow/no fat

7520602 Beans, string, cooked, yellow/fat

7540301 Beans, string, green, creamed

7540302 Beans, string, green, w/mushroom sauce

7540401 Beans, string, yellow, creamed

7550011 Beans, string, green, pickled

7640100 Beans, green, string, baby

7640101 Beans, green, string, baby, str.

7640102 Beans, green, string, baby, junior

7640103 Beans, green, string, baby, creamed

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures; includes baby foods)

Beef 441- Beef

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

21- Beef

beef, nfs

beef steak

beef oxtails, neckbones, ribs

roasts, stew meat, corned, brisket, sandwich steaks

ground beef, patties, meatballs

other beef items

beef baby food

(excludes meat, poultry, and fish with non-meat items;

frozen plate meals; soups and gravies with meat, poultry

and fish base; and gelatin-based drinks; includes baby

food)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-5

Pork 442- Pork

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

22- Pork

pork, nfs; ground dehydrated

chops

steaks, cutlets

ham

roasts

Canadian bacon

bacon, salt pork

other pork items

pork baby food

(excludes meat, poultry, and fish with non-meat items;

frozen plate meals; soups and gravies with meat, poultry

and fish base; and gelatin-based drinks; includes baby

food)

Game 445- Variety Meat, Game

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

233- Game

(excludes meat, poultry, and fish with non-meat items;

frozen plate meals; soups and gravies with meat, poultry

and fish base; and gelatin-based drinks)

Poultry 451- Poultry

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

24- Poultry

chicken

turkey

duck

other poultry

poultry baby food

(excludes meat, poultry, and fish with non-meat items;

frozen plate meals; soups and gravies with meat, poultry

and fish base; and gelatin-based drinks; includes baby

food)

Eggs 46- Eggs (fresh equivalent)

fresh

processed eggs, substitutes

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

3- Eggs

eggs

egg mixtures

egg substitutes

eggs baby food

froz. meals with egg as main ingred.

(includes baby foods)

Broccoli 4912- Fresh Broccoli (and home canned/froz.)

5111203 Broccoli, comm. canned

52112- Comm. Frozen Broccoli

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

722- Broccoli (all forms)

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Carrots 4921- Fresh Carrots (and home canned/froz.)

51121- Comm. Canned Carrots

5115101 Carrots, Low Sodium, Comm. Canned

52121- Comm. Frozen Carrots

5312103 Comm. Canned Carrot Juice

5372102 Carrot Juice Fresh

5413502 Carrots, Dried Baby Food

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

7310- Carrots (all forms)

7311140 Carrots in Sauce

7311200 Carrot Chips

76201- Carrots, baby

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures; includes baby foods except

mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-6

Pumpkin 4922- Fresh Pumpkin, Winter Squash (and home

canned/froz.)

51122- Pumpkin/Squash, Baby or Junior, Comm. Canned

52122- Winter Squash, Comm. Frozen

5413504 Squash, Dried Baby Food

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

732- Pumpkin (all forms)

733- Winter squash (all forms)

76205- Squash, baby

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetables mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures; includes baby foods)

Asparagus 4941- Fresh Asparagus (and home canned/froz.)

5114101 Comm. Canned Asparagus

5115301 Asparagus, Low Sodium, Comm. Canned

52131- Comm. Frozen Asparagus

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

7510080 Asparagus, raw

75202- Asparagus, cooked

7540101 Asparagus, creamed or with cheese

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetables mixtures, or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Lima Beans 4942- Fresh Lima and Fava Beans (and home

canned/froz.)

5114204 Comm. Canned Mature Lima Beans

5114301 Comm. Canned Green Lima Beans

5115304 Comm. Canned Low Sodium Lima Beans

52132- Comm. Frozen Lima Beans

54111- Dried Lima Beans

5411306 Dried Fava Beans

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures; does not

include succotash)

7510200 Lima Beans, raw

752040- Lima Beans, cooked

752041- ima Beans, canned

75402- Lima Beans with sauce

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures; does not include succotash)

Cabbage 4944- Fresh Cabbage (and home canned/froz.)

4958601 Sauerkraut, home canned or pkgd

5114801 Sauerkraut, comm. canned

5114904 Comm. Canned Cabbage

5114905 Comm. Canned Cabbage (no sauce; incl. baby)

5115501 Sauerkraut, low sodium., comm. canned

5312102 Sauerkraut Juice, comm. canned

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

7510300 Cabbage, raw

7510400 Cabbage, Chinese, raw

7510500 Cabbage, red, raw

7514100 Cabbage salad or coleslaw

7514130 Cabbage, Chinese, salad

75210- Chinese Cabbage, cooked

75211- Green Cabbage, cooked

75212- Red Cabbage, cooked

752130- Savoy Cabbage, cooked

75230- Sauerkraut, cooked

7540701 Cabbage, creamed

755025- Cabbage, pickled or in relish

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Lettuce 4945- Fresh Lettuce, French Endive (and home

canned/froz.)

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

75113- Lettuce, raw

75143- Lettuce salad with other veg.

7514410 Lettuce, wilted, with bacon dressing

7522005 Lettuce, cooked

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Okra 4946- Fresh Okra (and home canned/froz.)

5114914 Comm. Canned Okra

5213720 Comm. Frozen Okra

5213721 Comm. Frozen Okra with Oth. Veg. & Sauce

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

7522000 Okra, cooked, NS as to fat

7522001 Okra, cooked, fat not added

7522002 Okra, cooked, fat added

7522010 Lufta, cooked (Chinese Okra)

7541450 Okra, fried

7550700 Okra, pickled

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-7

Peas 4947- Fresh Peas (and home canned/froz.)

51147- Comm Canned Peas (incl. baby)

5115310 Low Sodium Green or English Peas (canned)

5115314 Low Sod. Blackeye, Gr. or Imm. Peas (canned)

5114205 Blackeyed Peas, comm. canned

52134- Comm. Frozen Peas

5412- Dried Peas and Lentils

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

7512000 Peas, green, raw

7512775 Snowpeas, raw

75223- Peas, cowpeas, field or blackeye, cooked

75224- Peas, green, cooked

75225- Peas, pigeon, cooked

75231- Snowpeas, cooked

7541650 Pea salad

7541660 Pea salad with cheese

75417- Peas, with sauce or creamed

76409- Peas, baby

76411- Peas, creamed, baby

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures; includes baby foods except

mixtures)

Cucumbers 4952- Fresh Cucumbers (and home canned/froz.)

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

7511100 Cucumbers, raw

75142- Cucumber salads

752167- Cucumbers, cooked

7550301 Cucumber pickles, dill

7550302 Cucumber pickles, relish

7550303 Cucumber pickles, sour

7550304 Cucumber pickles, sweet

7550305 Cucumber pickles, fresh

7550307 Cucumber, Kim Chee

7550311 Cucumber pickles, dill, reduced salt

7550314 Cucumber pickles, sweet, reduced salt

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Beets 4954- Fresh Beets (and home canned/froz.)

51145- Comm. Canned Beets (incl. baby)

5115305 Low Sodium Beets (canned)

5213714 Comm. Frozen Beets

5312104 Beet Juice

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

7510250 Beets, raw

752080- Beets, cooked

752081- Beets, canned

7540501 Beets, harvard

7550021 Beets, pickled

76403- Beets, baby

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures; includes baby foods except

mixtures)

Strawberries 5022- Fresh Strawberries

5122801 Comm. Canned Strawberries with sugar

5122802 Comm. Canned Strawberries without sugar

5122803 Canned Strawberry Pie Filling

5222- Comm. Frozen Strawberries

(does not include ready-to-eat dinners; includes baby foods

except mixtures)

6322- Strawberries

6413250 Strawberry Juice

(includes baby food; except mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-8

Other

Berries

5033- Fresh Berries Other than Strawberries

5122804 Comm. Canned Blackberries with sugar

5122805 Comm. Canned Blackberries without sugar

5122806 Comm. Canned Blueberries with sugar

5122807 Comm. Canned Blueberries without sugar

5122808 Canned Blueberry Pie Filling

5122809 Comm. Canned Gooseberries with sugar

5122810 Comm. Canned Gooseberries without sugar

5122811 Comm. Canned Raspberries with sugar

5122812 Comm. Canned Raspberries without sugar

5122813 Comm. Canned Cranberry Sauce

5122815 Comm. Canned Cranberry-Orange Relish 

52233- Comm. Frozen Berries (not strawberries)

5332404 Blackberry Juice (home and comm. canned)

5423114 Dried Berries (not strawberries)

(does not include ready-to-eat dinners; includes baby foods

except mixtures)

6320- Other Berries

6321- Other Berries

6341101 Cranberry salad

6410460 Blackberry Juice

64105- Cranberry Juice

(includes baby food; except mixtures)

Peaches 5036- Fresh Peaches

51224- Comm. Canned Peaches (incl. baby)

5223601 Comm. Frozen Peaches

5332405 Home Canned Peach Juice

5423105 Dried Peaches (baby)

5423106 Dried Peaches

(does not include ready-to-eat dinners; includes baby foods

except mixtures)

62116- Dried Peaches

63135- Peaches

6412203 Peach Juice

6420501 Peach Nectar

67108- Peaches,baby

6711450 Peaches, dry, baby

(includes baby food; except mixtures)

Pears 5037- Fresh Pears

51225- Comm. Canned Pears (incl. baby)

5332403 Comm. Canned Pear Juice, baby

5362204 Fresh Pear Juice

5423107 Dried Pears

(does not include ready-to-eat dinners; includes baby foods

except mixtures)

62119- Dried Pears

63137- Pears

6341201 Pear salad

6421501 Pear Nectar

67109- Pears, baby

6711455 Pears, dry, baby

(includes baby food; except mixtures)

EXPOSED/PROTECTED FRUITS/VEGETABLES, ROOT VEGETABLES

Exposed

Fruits

5022- Strawberries, fresh

5023101 Acerola, fresh

5023401 Currants, fresh

5031- Apples/Applesauce, fresh

5033- Berries other than Strawberries, fresh

5034- Cherries, fresh

5036- Peaches, fresh

62101- Apple, dried

62104- Apricot, dried

62108- Currants, dried

62110- Date, dried

62116- Peaches, dried

62119- Pears, dried

62121- Plum, dried
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-9

Exposed

Fruits

(cont.)

5037- Pears, fresh

50381- Apricots, Nectarines, Loquats, fresh

5038305 Dates, fresh

50384- Grapes, fresh

50386- Plums, fresh

50387- Rhubarb, fresh

5038805 Persimmons, fresh

5038901 Sapote, fresh

51221- Apples/Applesauce, canned

51222- Apricots, canned

51223- Cherries, canned

51224- Peaches, canned

51225- Pears, canned

51228- Berries, canned

5122903 Grapes with sugar, canned

5122904 Grapes without sugar, canned

5122905 Plums with sugar, canned

5122906 Plums without sugar, canned

5122907 Plums, canned, baby

5122911 Prunes, canned, baby

5122912 Prunes, with sugar, canned

5122913 Prunes, without sugar, canned

5122914 Raisin Pie Filling

5222- Frozen Strawberries

52231- Apples Slices, frozen

52233- Berries, frozen

52234- Cherries, frozen

52236- Peaches, frozen

52239- Rhubarb, frozen

53321- Canned Apple Juice

53322- Canned Grape Juice

5332402 Canned Prune Juice

5332403 Canned Pear Juice

5332404 Canned Blackberry Juice

5332405 Canned Peach Juice

53421- Frozen Grape Juice

5342201 Frozen Apple Juice, comm. fr.

5342202 Frozen Apple Juice, home fr.

5352101 Apple Juice, asep. packed

5352201 Grape Juice, asep. packed

5362101 Apple Juice, fresh

5362202 Apricot Juice, fresh

5362203 Grape Juice, fresh

5362204 Pear Juice, fresh

5362205 Prune Juice, fresh

5421- Dried Prunes

5422- Raisins, Currants, dried

5423101 Dry Apples

5423102 Dry Apricots

5423103 Dates without pits

5423104 Dates with pits

5423105 Peaches, dry, baby

5423106 Peaches, dry

5423107 Pears, dry

5423114 Berries, dry

5423115 Cherries, dry

(includes baby foods)

62122- Prune, dried

62125- Raisins

63101- Apples/applesauce

63102- Wi-apple

63103- Apricots

63111- Cherries, maraschino

63112- Acerola

63113- Cherries, sour

63115- Cherries, sweet

63117- Currants, raw

63123- Grapes

6312601 Juneberry

63131- Nectarine

63135- Peach

63137- Pear

63139- Persimmons

63143- Plum

63146- Quince

63147- Rhubarb/Sapodillo

632- Berries

64101- Apple Cider

64104- Apple Juice

64105- Cranberry Juice

64116- Grape Juice

64122- Peach Juice

64132- Prune/Strawberry Juice

6420101 Apricot Nectar

64205- Peach Nectar

64215- Pear Nectar

67102- Applesauce, baby

67108- Peaches, baby

67109- Pears, baby

6711450 Peaches, baby, dry

6711455 Pears, baby, dry

67202- Apple Juice, baby

6720380 White Grape Juice, baby

67212- Pear Juice, baby

(includes baby foods/juices except mixtures; excludes

fruit mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-10

Protected

Fruits 

501- Citrus Fruits, fresh

5021- Cantaloupe, fresh

5023201 Mangoes, fresh

5023301 Guava, fresh

61- Citrus Fr., Juices (incl. cit. juice mixtures)

62107- Bananas, dried

62113- Figs, dried

62114- Lychees/Papayas, dried
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-11

Protected

Fruits

(cont.)

5023601 Kiwi, fresh

5023701 Papayas, fresh

5023801 Passion Fruit, fresh

5032- Bananas, Plantains, fresh

5035- Melons other than Cantaloupe, fresh

50382- Avocados, fresh

5038301 Figs, fresh

5038302 Figs, cooked

5038303 Figs, home canned

5038304 Figs, home frozen

50385- Pineapple, fresh

5038801 Pomegranates, fresh

5038902 Cherimoya, fresh

5038903 Jackfruit, fresh

5038904 Breadfruit, fresh

5038905 Tamarind, fresh

5038906 Carambola, fresh

5038907 Longan, fresh

5121- Citrus, canned

51226- Pineapple, canned

5122901 Figs with sugar, canned

5122902 Figs without sugar, canned

5122909 Bananas, canned, baby

5122910 Bananas and Pineapple, canned, baby

5122915 Litchis, canned

5122916 Mangos with sugar, canned

5122917 Mangos without sugar, canned

5122918 Mangos, canned, baby

5122920 Guava with sugar, canned

5122921 Guava without sugar, canned

5122923 Papaya with sugar, canned

5122924 Papaya without sugar, canned

52232- Bananas, frozen

52235- Melon, frozen

52237- Pineapple, frozen

5331- Canned Citrus Juices

53323- Canned Pineapple Juice

5332408 Canned Papaya Juice

5332410 Canned Mango Juice

5332501 Canned Papaya Concentrate

5341- Frozen Citrus Juice

5342203 Frozen Pineapple Juice

5351- Citrus and Citrus Blend Juices, asep. packed

5352302 Pineapple Juice, asep. packed

5361- Fresh Citrus and Citrus Blend Juices

5362206 Papaya Juice, fresh

5362207 Pineapple-Coconut Juice, fresh

5362208 Mango Juice, fresh

5362209 Pineapple Juice, fresh

5423108 Pineapple, dry

5423109 Papaya, dry

5423110 Bananas, dry

5423111 Mangos, dry

5423117 Litchis, dry

5423118 Tamarind, dry

5423119 Plantain, dry

(includes baby foods)

62120- Pineapple, dried

62126- Tamarind, dried

63105- Avocado, raw

63107- Bananas

63109- Cantaloupe, Carambola

63110- Cassaba Melon

63119- Figs

63121- Genip

63125- Guava/Jackfruit, raw

6312650 Kiwi

6312651 Lychee, raw

6312660 Lychee, cooked

63127- Honeydew

63129- Mango

63133- Papaya

63134- Passion Fruit

63141- Pineapple

63145- Pomegranate

63148- Sweetsop, Soursop, Tamarind

63149- Watermelon

64120- Papaya Juice

64121- Passion Fruit Juice

64124- Pineapple Juice

64133- Watermelon Juice

6420150 Banana Nectar

64202- Cantaloupe Nectar

64203- Guava Nectar

64204- Mango Nectar

64210- Papaya Nectar

64213- Passion Fruit Nectar

64221- Soursop Nectar

6710503 Bananas, baby

6711500 Bananas, baby, dry

6720500 Orange Juice, baby

6721300 Pineapple Juice, baby

(includes baby foods/juices except mixtures; excludes fruit

mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-12

Exposed

Vegetable

491- Fresh Dark Green Vegetables

493- Fresh Tomatoes

4941- Fresh Asparagus

4943- Fresh Beans, Snap or Wax

721- Dark Green Leafy Veg.

722- Dark Green Nonleafy Veg. 

74- Tomatoes and Tomato Mixtures

7510050 Alfalfa Sprouts
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-13

Exposed

Vegetable

(cont.)

4944- Fresh Cabbage

4945- Fresh Lettuce

4946- Fresh Okra

49481- Fresh Artichokes

49483- Fresh Brussel Sprouts

4951- Fresh Celery

4952- Fresh Cucumbers

4955- Fresh Cauliflower

4958103 Fresh Kohlrabi

4958111 Fresh Jerusalem Artichokes

4958112 Fresh Mushrooms

4958113 Mushrooms, home canned

4958114 Mushrooms, home frozen

4958118 Fresh Eggplant

4958119 Eggplant, cooked

4958120 Eggplant, home frozen

4958200 Fresh Summer Squash

4958201 Summer Squash, cooked

4958202 Summer Squash, home canned

4958203 Summer Squash, home frozen

4958402 Fresh Bean Sprouts

4958403 Fresh Alfalfa Sprouts

4958504 Bamboo Shoots

4958506 Seaweed

4958508 Tree Fern, fresh

4958601 Sauerkraut

5111- Dark Green Vegetables (all are exposed)

5113- Tomatoes

5114101 Asparagus, comm. canned

51144- Beans, green, snap, yellow, comm. canned

5114704 Snow Peas, comm. canned

5114801 Sauerkraut, comm. canned

5114901 Artichokes, comm. canned

5114902 Bamboo Shoots, comm. canned

5114903 Bean Sprouts, comm. canned

5114904 Cabbage, comm. canned

5114905 Cabbage, comm. canned, no sauce

5114906 Cauliflower, comm. canned, no sauce

5114907 Eggplant, comm. canned, no sauce

5114913 Mushrooms, comm. canned

5114914 Okra, comm. canned

5114918 Seaweeds, comm. canned

5114920 Summer Squash, comm. canned

5114923 Chinese or Celery Cabbage, comm. canned

51152- Tomatoes, canned, low sod.

5115301 Asparagus, canned, low sod.

5115302 Beans, Green, canned, low sod.

5115303 Beans, Yellow, canned, low sod.

5115309 Mushrooms, canned, low sod.

51154- Greens, canned, low sod.

5115501 Sauerkraut, low sodium

5211- Dark Gr. Veg., comm. frozen (all exp.)

52131- Asparagus, comm. froz.

52133- Beans, snap, green, yellow, comm. froz.

5213407 Peapods, comm froz.

5213408 Peapods, with sauce, comm froz.

5213409 Peapods, with other veg., comm froz.

5213701 Brussel Sprouts, comm. froz. 

5213702 Brussel Sprouts, comm. froz. with cheese

7510075 Artichoke, Jerusalem, raw

7510080 Asparagus, raw

75101- Beans, sprouts and green, raw

7510275 Brussel Sprouts, raw

7510280 Buckwheat Sprouts, raw

7510300 Cabbage, raw

7510400 Cabbage, Chinese, raw

7510500 Cabbage, Red, raw

7510700 Cauliflower, raw

7510900 Celery, raw

7510950 Chives, raw

7511100 Cucumber, raw

7511120 Eggplant, raw

7511200 Kohlrabi, raw

75113- Lettuce, raw

7511500 Mushrooms, raw

7511900 Parsley

7512100 Pepper, hot chili

75122- Peppers, raw

7512750 Seaweed, raw

7512775 Snowpeas, raw

75128- Summer Squash, raw

7513210 Celery Juice

7514100 Cabbage or cole slaw

7514130 Chinese Cabbage Salad

7514150 Celery with cheese

75142- Cucumber salads

75143- Lettuce salads

7514410 Lettuce, wilted with bacon dressing

7514600 Greek salad

7514700 Spinach salad

7520600 Algae, dried

75201- Artichoke, cooked

75202- Asparagus, cooked

75203- Bamboo shoots, cooked

752049- Beans, string, cooked

75205- Beans, green, cooked/canned

75206- Beans, yellow, cooked/canned

75207- Bean Sprouts, cooked

752085- Breadfruit

752090- Brussel Sprouts, cooked

75210- Cabbage, Chinese, cooked

75211- Cabbage, green, cooked

75212- Cabbage, red, cooked

752130- Cabbage, savoy, cooked

75214- Cauliflower

75215- Celery, Chives, Christophine (chayote)

752167- Cucumber, cooked

752170- Eggplant, cooked

752171- Fern shoots

752172- Fern shoots

752173- Flowers of sesbania, squash or lily

7521801 Kohlrabi, cooked

75219- Mushrooms, cooked

75220- Okra/lettuce, cooked

7522116 Palm Hearts, cooked

7522121 Parsley, cooked

75226- Peppers, pimento, cooked

75230- Sauerkraut, cooked/canned
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-14

Exposed

Vegetable

(cont.)

5213706 Cauliflower, comm. froz. with sauce

5213707 Cauliflower, comm. froz. with other veg.

5213708 Caul., comm. froz. with other veg. & sauce

5213709 Summer Squash, comm. froz. 

5213710 Summer Squash, comm. froz. with other veg.

5213716 Eggplant, comm. froz.

5213718 Mushrooms with sauce, comm. froz.

5213719 Mushrooms, comm. froz.

5213720 Okra, comm. froz.

5213721 Okra, comm. froz., with sauce

5311- Canned Tomato Juice and Tomato Mixtures

5312102 Canned Sauerkraut Juice

5321- Frozen Tomato Juice

5371- Fresh Tomato Juice

5381102 Aseptically Packed Tomato Juice

5413101 Dry Algae

5413102 Dry Celery

5413103 Dry Chives

5413109 Dry Mushrooms

5413111 Dry Parsley

5413112 Dry Green Peppers

5413113 Dry Red Peppers

5413114 Dry Seaweed

5413115 Dry Tomatoes

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

75233- Summer Squash

7540050 Artichokes, stuffed

7540101 Asparagus, creamed or with cheese

75403- Beans, green with sauce

75404- Beans, yellow with sauce

7540601 Brussel Sprouts, creamed

7540701 Cabbage, creamed

75409- Cauliflower, creamed

75410- Celery/Chiles, creamed

75412- Eggplant, fried, with sauce, etc.

75413- Kohlrabi, creamed

75414- Mushrooms, Okra, fried, stuffed, creamed

754180- Squash, baked, fried, creamed, etc.

7541822 Christophine, creamed

7550011 Beans, pickled

7550051 Celery, pickled

7550201 Cauliflower, pickled

755025- Cabbage, pickled

7550301 Cucumber pickles, dill

7550302 Cucumber pickles, relish

7550303 Cucumber pickles, sour

7550304 Cucumber pickles, sweet

7550305 Cucumber pickles, fresh

7550307 Cucumber, Kim Chee

7550308 Eggplant, pickled

7550311 Cucumber pickles, dill, reduced salt

7550314 Cucumber pickles, sweet, reduced salt

7550500 Mushrooms, pickled

7550700 Okra, pickled

75510- Olives

7551101 Peppers, hot

7551102 Peppers,pickled

7551301 Seaweed, pickled

7553500 Zucchini, pickled

76102- Dark Green Veg., baby

76401- Beans, baby (excl. most soups & mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-15

Protected

Vegetable

4922- Fresh Pumpkin, Winter Squash

4942- Fresh Lima Beans

4947- Fresh Peas

49482- Fresh Soy Beans

4956- Fresh Corn

4958303 Succotash, home canned

4958304 Succotash, home frozen

4958401 Fresh Cactus (prickly pear)

4958503 Burdock

4958505 Bitter Melon

4958507 Horseradish Tree Pods

51122- Comm. Canned Pumpkin and Squash (baby)

51142- Beans, comm. canned

51143- Beans, lima and soy, comm. canned

51146- Corn, comm. canned

5114701 Peas, green, comm. canned

5114702 Peas, baby, comm. canned

5114703 Peas, blackeye, comm. canned

5114705 Pigeon Peas, comm. canned

5114919 Succotash, comm. canned

5115304 Lima Beans, canned, low sod.

5115306 Corn, canned, low sod.

5115307 Creamed Corn, canned, low sod.

511531- Peas and Beans, canned, low sod.

732- Pumpkin

733- Winter Squash

7510200 Lima Beans, raw

7510550 Cactus, raw

7510960 Corn, raw

7512000 Peas, raw

7520070 Aloe vera juice

752040- Lima Beans, cooked

752041- Lima Beans, canned

7520829 Bitter Melon

752083- Bitter Melon, cooked

7520950 Burdock

752131- Cactus

752160- Corn, cooked

752161- Corn, yellow, cooked

752162- Corn, white, cooked

752163- Corn, canned

7521749 Hominy 

752175- Hominy

75223- Peas, cowpeas, field or blackeye, cooked

75224- Peas, green, cooked

75225- Peas, pigeon, cooked

75301- Succotash

75402- Lima Beans with sauce

Protected

Vegetable

(cont.)

52122- Winter Squash, comm. froz.

52132- Lima Beans, comm. froz.

5213401 Peas, gr., comm. froz.

5213402 Peas, gr., with sauce, comm. froz.

5213403 Peas, gr., with other veg., comm. froz.

5213404 Peas, gr., with other veg., comm. froz.

5213405 Peas, blackeye, comm froz.

5213406 Peas, blackeye, with sauce, comm froz.

52135- Corn, comm. froz.

5213712 Artichoke Hearts, comm. froz.

5213713 Baked Beans, comm. froz.

5213717 Kidney Beans, comm. froz.

5213724 Succotash, comm. froz.

5411- Dried Beans

5412- Dried Peas and Lentils

5413104 Dry Corn

5413106 Dry Hominy

5413504 Dry Squash, baby

5413603 Dry Creamed Corn, baby

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

75411- Corn, scalloped, fritter, with cream

7541650 Pea salad

7541660 Pea salad with cheese

75417- Peas, with sauce or creamed

7550101 Corn relish

76205- Squash, yellow, baby

76405- Corn, baby

76409- Peas, baby

76411- Peas, creamed, baby

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-16

Rooted

Vegetable

48- Potatoes, Sweetpotatoes

4921- Fresh Carrots

4953- Fresh Onions, Garlic

4954- Fresh Beets

4957- Fresh Turnips

4958101 Fresh Celeriac

4958102 Fresh Horseradish

4958104 Fresh Radishes, no greens

4958105 Radishes, home canned

4958106 Radishes, home frozen

4958107 Fresh Radishes, with greens

4958108 Fresh Salsify

4958109 Fresh Rutabagas

4958110 Rutabagas, home frozen

4958115 Fresh Parsnips

4958116 Parsnips, home canned

4958117 Parsnips, home frozen

4958502 Fresh Lotus Root

4958509 Ginger Root

4958510 Jicama, including yambean

51121- Carrots, comm. canned

51145- Beets, comm. canned

5114908 Garlic Pulp, comm. canned

5114910 Horseradish, comm. prep.

5114915 Onions, comm. canned

5114916 Rutabagas, comm. canned

5114917 Salsify, comm. canned

5114921 Turnips, comm. canned

5114922 Water Chestnuts, comm. canned

51151- Carrots, canned, low sod.

5115305 Beets, canned, low sod.

5115502 Turnips, low sod.

52121- Carrots, comm. froz.

5213714 Beets, comm. froz.

5213722 Onions, comm. froz.

5213723 Onions, comm. froz., with sauce

5213725 Turnips, comm. froz.

5312103 Canned Carrot Juice

5312104 Canned Beet Juice

5372102 Fresh Carrot Juice

71- White Potatoes and Puerto Rican St. Veg.

7310- Carrots

7311140 Carrots in sauce

7311200 Carrot chips

734- Sweetpotatoes

7510250 Beets, raw

7511150 Garlic, raw

7511180 Jicama (yambean), raw

7511250 Leeks, raw

75117- Onions, raw

7512500 Radish, raw

7512700 Rutabaga, raw

7512900 Turnip, raw

752080- Beets, cooked

752081- Beets, canned

7521362 Cassava

7521740 Garlic, cooked

7521771 Horseradish

7521850 Lotus root

752210- Onions, cooked

7522110 Onions, dehydrated

752220- Parsnips, cooked

75227- Radishes, cooked

75228- Rutabaga, cooked

75229- Salsify, cooked

75234- Turnip, cooked

75235- Water Chestnut

7540501 Beets, harvard

75415- Onions, creamed, fried

7541601 Parsnips, creamed

7541810 Turnips, creamed

7550021 Beets, pickled

7550309 Horseradish

7551201 Radishes, pickled

7553403 Turnip, pickled

76201- Carrots, baby

76209- Sweetpotatoes, baby

76403- Beets, baby

(does not include vegetable soups; vegetable mixtures; or

vegetable with meat mixtures)

Root

Vegetables

(cont.)

5413105 Dry Garlic

5413110 Dry Onion

5413502 Dry Carrots, baby

5413503 Dry Sweet Potatoes, baby

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures)

USDA SUBCATEGORIES

Dark Green

Vegetables

491- Fresh Dark Green Vegetables

5111- Comm. Canned Dark Green Veg.

51154- Low Sodium Dark Green Veg.

5211- Comm. Frozen Dark Green Veg.

5413111 Dry Parsley

5413112 Dry Green Peppers

5413113 Dry Red Peppers

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures/dinners;

excludes vegetable juices and dried vegetables)

72- Dark Green Vegetables

all forms

leafy, nonleafy, dk. gr. veg. soups
Table 3D-1. Food Codes and Definitions Used in Analysis of the 1987-88 USDA NFCS Data (continued)

Food

Product Household Code/Definition Individual Code

3D-17

Deep

Yellow

Vegetables

492- Fresh Deep Yellow Vegetables

5112- Comm. Canned Deep Yellow Veg.

51151- Low Sodium Carrots

5212- Comm. Frozen Deep Yellow Veg.

5312103 Carrot Juice

54135- Dry Carrots, Squash, Sw. Potatoes

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures/dinners;

excludes vegetable juices and dried vegetables)

73- Deep Yellow Vegetables

all forms

carrots, pumpkin, squash, sweetpotatoes, dp.

yell. veg. soups

Other

Vegetables

494- Fresh Light Green Vegetables

495- Fresh Other Vegetables

5114- Comm. Canned Other Veg.

51153- Low Sodium Other Veg.

51155- Low Sodium Other Veg.

5213- Comm. Frozen Other Veg.

5312102- Sauerkraut Juice

5312104- Beet Juice

5411- Dried Beans

5412- Dried Peas, Lentils

541310- Dried Other Veg.

5413114- Dry Seaweed

5413603- Dry Cr. Corn, baby

(does not include soups, sauces, gravies, mixtures, and readyto-eat dinners; includes baby foods except mixtures/dinners;

excludes vegetable juices and dried vegetables)

75- Other Vegetables

all forms

Citrus Fruits 501- Fresh Citrus Fruits

5121 Comm. Canned Citrus Fruits

5331 Canned Citrus and Citrus Blend Juice

5341 Frozen Citrus and Citrus Blend Juice

5351 Aseptically Packed Citrus and Citr. Blend Juice

5361 Fresh Citrus and Citrus Blend Juice

(includes baby foods; excludes dried fruits)

61- Citrus Fruits and Juices

6720500 Orange Juice, baby food

6720600 Orange-Apricot Juice, baby food

6720700 Orange-Pineapple Juice, baby food

672110 Orange-Apple-Banana Juice, baby food

(excludes dried fruits)

Other

Fruits

62- Fresh Other Vitamin C-Rich Fruits

503- Fresh Other Fruits

5122- Comm. Canned Fruits Other than Citrus

5222- Frozen Strawberries

5332- Frozen Other than Citr. or Vitamin C-Rich Fr.

5333- Canned Fruit Juice Other than Citrus

5352- Frozen Juices Other than Citrus

5353- Dried Fruits

63 Other Fruits

64 Fruit Juices and Nectars Excluding Citrus

671 Fruits, baby

67202 Apple Juice, baby

67203 Baby Juices

67204 Baby Juices

Other Fruits

(cont.)

5362- Aseptically Packed Fruit Juice Other than Citr.

542- Fresh Fruit Juice Other than Citrus Dry Fruits

(includes baby foods; excludes dried fruits)

67212 Baby Juices

67213 Baby Juices

673 Baby Fruits

674 Baby Fruits
APPENDIX 3E

STATISTICAL NOTES
3E-1

1 Appendix 3E. Statistical Notes

2

3

4 Estimates based on small cell sizes may tend to be less statistically reliable than estimates

5 based on larger cell sizes. Cell size refers to the unweighted number of individuals in a given

6 sex- age group or demographic group. The guidelines (listed below) for determining when a cell

7 size is small take into account the average design effect for the survey. The design effect results

8 from the complex sample design and from the procedures used to weight the data. When the

9 design effect is 1.00, its effect on accuracy is negligible; a larger design effect implies a greater

10 effect on variance. The guidelines derive from a policy statement (FASEB/ LSRO 1995) that

11 specifies the use of a broadly calculated design effect. In that role a variance inflation factor is

12 being used. Variance inflation factors used to generate the estimates in this table set were

13 calculated on individuals 19 years of age and under; they are as follows:

14

15 Day- 1, CSFII 1994- 96, 1998 – 2.24

16 2- day, CSFII 1994- 96, 1998 – 2.50

17

18 Footnotes are used in the tables to flag estimates that may tend to be less statistically

19 reliable than those that are not flagged. The rules used for flagging estimates are listed below,

20 and tables to which each rule applies are identified.

21

22 1. An estimated mean is flagged when it is based on a cell size of less than 30 times the

23 average design effect or when its coefficient of variation (CV) is equal to or greater than

24 30 percent. The CV is the ratio of the estimated standard error of the mean to the estimated

25 mean, expressed as a percentage.

26

27 Rule 1 has been applied to data in Tables 3-1 through 3-14 to flag estimates that should be

28 used with caution. It applies to mean nutrient intakes, mean food intakes, and means

29 expressed as percentages, such as mean intakes of nutrients expressed as percentages of

30 Recommended Dietary Allowances and percentages of nutrients from foods eaten as

31 snacks.

32

33 2. An estimated proportion (percent) that falls above 25 percent and below 75 percent is

34 flagged when it is based on a cell size of less than 30 times the average design effect or

35 when the CV is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

36

37 3. An estimated proportion of 25 percent or lower or 75 percent or higher is flagged when the

38 smaller of np and n( 1- p) is less than 8 times the average design effect, where "n" is the

39 cell size on which the estimate is based and "p" is the proportion expressed as a fraction.

40

41

42