## Sector 11--Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, harvesting timber, and harvesting fi sh and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural

habitats.

The establishments in this sector are often described as farms, ranches, dairies, greenhouses, nurseries, orchards, or hatcheries. A farm may consist of a single tract of la nd or a number of separate tracts which may be held under different tenures. For example, one tract may be owned by the farm operator and another rented. It may be operated by the operator alone or with the assistance of members of the household or hired employees, or it may be operated by a partnership, corporation, or other type of organiza tion. When a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, croppers, or managers, the land oper ated by each is considered a farm. The sector distinguishes two basic activities: agri cultural production and agricultural support activities. Agricultural production includes establishments performing the complete farm or ranch operation, such as farm owner-operators, tenant farm operators , and sharecroppers. Agricultural support activities include establishments that perform one or more activities associated with farm oper ation, such as soil preparation, planting, harvesting, and management, on a contract or fee basis. Excluded from the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector are establishments primarily engaged in agricultural research and establishments primarily engaged in administering programs for regulating and conserving land, mineral, wildlife, and forest use. These estab lishments are classified in Industry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences; and Industry 92412, Administration of Conservation Programs, respectively.

111 Crop Production T

Industries in the Crop Production subsector grow crops mainly for food and fiber. The subsector comprises establishments, such as farms, orchar ds, groves, greenhouses, and nurseries, primarily engaged in growing crops, plants, vines, or trees and their seeds. The industries in this subsector are grouped by similarity of production activity, including biological and physiological characteristics and economic requirements, th e length of growing season, degree of crop rotation, extent of input specialization, labor requirements, and capital demands. The production process is typically completed when the raw product or commodity grown reaches the "farm gate" for market, that is, at the point of first sale or price determination. Establishments are classified to the Crop Productio n subsector when crop production (i.e., value of crops for market) accounts for one-half or more of the establishment's total agricultural production. Within the subsector, establishments are classified to a specific industry when a product or industry family of products (i.e., oilseed and grain farming, vegetable and melon farming, fruit and tree nut farming) account for one-half or more of the establishment's agricultural production. Establishments w ith one-half or more crop production with no one product or family of products of an industry accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production are treated as general combination crop farming and are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming. Industries in the Crop Production subsector include establishments that own, operate, and manage and those that operate and manage. Those that manage only are classified in Subsector 115, Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry. Establishments that raise aquatic plants in cont rolled or selected aquatic environments are classified in Subsector 112, Animal Production and Aquaculture.

1111 Oilseed and Grain Farming T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing oilseed and/or grain crops and/or (2) producing oilseed and grain seeds. These crops have an annual life cycle and are typically grown in open fields.

11111 Soybean Farming T
See industry description for 111110 below.

111110 Soybean FarmingThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing soybeans and/or producing soybean seeds.

Cross-References.

Establishments engaged in growing soybeans in combination with grain(s) with the soybeans or grain(s) not accounting for one-half of the establishmen t's agricultural production (value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming.

11112 Oilseed (except Soybean) Farming T
See industry description for 111120 below.

111120 Oilseed (except Soybean) Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing fibrous oilseed producing plants and/or producing oilseed seeds, such as sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, canola, and sesame.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing soybeans--are classified in Industry 111110, Soybean Farming; and

 Growing oilseed(s) in combination with grain(s) with no one oilseed (or family of oilseeds) or grain(s) (or family of grains) accounting for one-half of the esta blishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 11 1191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming.

11113 Dry Pea and Bean Farming T
See industry description for 111130 below.

111130 Dry Pea and Bean Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing dry peas, beans, and/or lentils.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in growing fresh green beans and peas are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming.

11114 Wheat Farming T
See industry description for 111140 below.

111140 Wheat Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing wheat and/or producing wheat seeds.

Cross-References.

Establishments growing wheat in combination with o ilseed(s) with the wheat or o ilseed(s) not accounting for onehalf of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market) are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming.

11115 Corn Farming T
See industry description for 111150 below.

111150 Corn Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing corn (except sweet corn) and/or producing

corn seeds.Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing sweet corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; and

 Growing corn in combination with oilseed(s) with the corn or oilseed(s) not accounting for one-half of the establishment's production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming.

11116 Rice Farming T
See industry description for 111160 below.

111160 Rice Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing rice (except wild rice) and/or producing rice

seeds.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing wild rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 111199, All Other Grain Farming; and

 Growing rice in combination with o ilseed(s) with the rice or oilseed(s) not accounting for on e-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops fo r market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming.

11119 Other Grain Farming T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing grain(s) and/or producing grain seeds (except wheat, corn, and rice) or (2) gr owing a combination of grain(s) and o ilseed(s) with no one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market). Combination grain(s) and oilseed(s) establishments may produce oilseed(s) and grain(s) seeds and/or grow oilseed(s) and grain(s).

Illustrative Examples:

Barley farming Rye farming Milo farming Sorghum farming Oat farming Wild rice farming Oilseed and grain combination farming

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing wheat--are classified in Industry 11114, Wheat Farming;

 Growing corn --are classified in Industry 11115, Corn Farming;

 Growing sweet corn--are classified in Indust ry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming; and

 Growing rice (except wild rice)--are cla ssified in Industry 11116, Rice Farming.

111191 Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in growing a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s) with no one oilseed (or family of oilseeds) or grain (or family of grains) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market). Thes e establishments may produce oilseed(s) and grain(s) seeds and/or grow oilseed(s) and grain(s).

Cross-References.Establishments engaged in growing one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market) are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming accordingly by the prominent gr ain(s) or oilseed(s) grown.

111199 All Other Grain Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing grains and/or producing grain(s) seeds (except wheat, corn, rice, and oilseed (s) and grain(s) combinations).

Illustrative Examples:

Barley farming Sorghum farming Oat farming Wild rice farming Rye farming

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing wheat--are classified in Industry 111140, Wheat Farming;

 Growing corn--are classified in Industry 111150, Corn Farming;

 Growing rice (except wild rice)--are cla ssified in Industry 111160, Rice Farming;

 Growing sweet corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; and

 Growing a combination of grain(s) and oilseed(s) with no one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the estab lishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 11 1191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming.

1112 Vegetable and Melon Farming T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in growing root and tuber crops (except sugar beets and peanuts) or edible plants and/or producing root and tuber or edible plant seeds. The crops included in this group have an annual growth cycle and are grown in open fields. Climate and cultura l practices limit producing areas but often permit the growing of a combination of crops in a year.

11121 Vegetable and Melon Farming T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing vegetable and/or melon crops; (2) producing vegetable and/or melon seeds; and (3) growing vegetable and/or melon bedding plants.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing sugar beets--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming;

 Growing vegetables and melons under glass or protective cover--are classified in Industry 11141, Food Crops Grown Under Cover;

 Growing dry peas and beans--are classified in Industry 11113, Dry Pea and Bean Farming;

 Growing corn (except sweet corn)--are clas sified in Industry 11115, Corn Farming;

 Canning, pickling, and/or drying (artificially) vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; and

 Growing fruit on trees and other fruit-bearing plants (except melons)--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming.

111211 Potato FarmingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing potatoes and/or producing seed

potatoes.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in canning or drying potatoes are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying.

111219 Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing melons and/or vegetables (except potatoes; dry peas; dry beans; field, silage, or seed corn; and sugar beets); (2) producing vegetable and/or melon seeds; and (3) growing vegetable and/or melon bedding plants.

Illustrative Examples:

Carrot farming Squash farming Green bean farming Tomato farming Melon farming (e.g., cantaloupe, casaba, honeydew, watermelon) Vegetable (except potato) farming Pepper farming (e.g., bell, chili, green, red, sweet peppers) Watermelon farming

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing potatoes, including sweet potatoes and yams--a re classified in U.S. Industry 111211, Potato Farming;

 Growing sugar beets--are classified in U.S. Industry 111991, Sugar Beet Farming;

 Growing vegetables and melons under glass or protective cover--are classified in U.S. Industry 111419, Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover;

 Growing dry peas and beans--are classified in Industry 111130, Dry Pea and Bean Farming;

 Growing corn (except sweet corn)--are clas sified in Industry 111150, Corn Farming;

 Canning, pickling, and/or drying (artificially) vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; and

 Growing fruit on trees and other fruit-bearing plants (except melons)--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming.

1113 Fruit and Tree Nut Farming T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing fruit and/or tree nut crops. The crops included in this industry group are generally not grown from seeds and have a perennial life cycle.

11131 Orange Groves T
See industry description for 111310 below.

111310 Orange Groves

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing oranges.

11132 Citrus (except Orange) Groves T
See industry description for 111320 below.

111320 Citrus (except Orange) GrovesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing citrus fruits (except oranges).

Illustrative Examples:

Citrus groves (except oranges) Mandarin groves Grapefruit groves Tangelo groves Lemon groves Tangerine groves

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in growing oranges are classified in Industry 111310, Orange Groves.

11133 Noncitrus Fruit and Tree Nut Farming T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in one or more of the following: (1) growing noncitrus fruits (e.g., apples, grapes, berries, peaches); (2) growing tree nuts (e.g., pe cans, almonds, pistachios); or (3) growing a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit) or family of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Harvesting berries or nuts from native and noncultivated plants--are classified in Industry 11321, Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products; and

 Canning and/or drying (artificially) fruit--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying.

111331 Apple Orchards

This U.S. industry comprises establis hments primarily engaged in growing apples.

Cross-References.

Establishments engaged in growing apples in combinati on with tree nut(s) with the apples or family of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the es tablishment's agriculture production (i .e., value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming.

111332 Grape Vineyards

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in growing grapes and/or growing grapes to sun dry into raisins.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Drying grapes artificially--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; and

 Growing grapes in combination with tree nut(s) with the grapes or fa mily of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming.

111333 Strawberry Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishmen ts primarily engaged in growing strawberries.Cross-References.

Establishments engaged in growing strawberries in combin ation with tree nut( s) with the strawberries or family of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment' s agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming.

111334 Berry (except Strawberry) Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishm ents primarily engaged in growing berries.

Illustrative Examples:

Berry (except strawberries) farming Cranberry farming Blackberry farming Currant farming Blueberry farming Raspberry farming

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing strawberries--are classified in U. S. Industry 111333, Strawberry Farming;

 Harvesting berries from native and noncultivated bushes or vines--are classified in Industry 113210, Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products; and

 Growing berries in combina tion with tree nut(s) with the berries or family of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming.

111335 Tree Nut Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishm ents primarily engaged in growing tree nuts.

Illustrative Examples:

Almond farming Pistachio farming Filbert farming Tree nut farming Macadamia farming Walnut farming Pecan farming

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing coconut and coffee--are classified in U.S. Industry 111339, Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming; and

 Growing tree nut(s) in combination w ith fruit(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit or of tree nuts) accounting for one-half of the establis hment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming.

111336 Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily en gaged in growing a combination of fruit(s) an d tree nut(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit) or family of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market).Cross-References.

Establishments engaged in growing fruit(s) or th e family of tree nut(s) acco unting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crop s for market) are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming accordingly by the pr ominent fruit(s) or tree nut(s) grown.

111339 Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing noncitrus fruits (except apples, grapes, berries, and fruit(s) and tr ee nut(s) combinations).

Illustrative Examples:

Apricot farming Fig farming Banana farming Noncitrus fruit farming Cherry farming Peach farming Coffee farming Pineapple farming Date farming Prune farming

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing apples--are classified in U.S. Industry 111331, Apple Orchards;

 Growing grapes including sun drying of grapes into raisins--are classified in U.S. Industry 111332, Grape Vineyards;

 Growing strawberries--are classified in U. S. Industry 111333, Strawberry Farming;

 Growing berries (except strawberries)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111334, Berry (except Strawberry) Farming;

 Drying fruit artificially--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing;

and

 Growing noncitrus fruit(s) in combination with tree nut(s ) with no one fruit (or family of fruits) or family of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 11 1336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming.

1114 Greenhouse, Nursery, a nd Floriculture Production T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing crops of any kind under cover and/or growing nursery stock and flowers. "Under cover" is generally defined as greenhouses, cold frames, cloth houses, and lath houses. The crops grown are removed at various stages of maturity and have annual and perennial life cycles. The nursery stock includes short rotation woody cr ops that have growth cycles of 10 years or less.

11141 Food Crops Grown Under Cover T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in growing food crops (e.g., fruits, melons, tomatoes) under glass or protective cover.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in growing vegetable and melon bedding plants are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming.

111411 Mushroom ProductionThis U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in growing mushrooms under cover in mines underground, or in other controlled environments.

111419 Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing food crops (except mushrooms) under glass or protective cover.

Illustrative Examples:

Alfalfa sprout farming, grown under cover Melon farming, grown under cover Fruit farming, grown under cover Vegetable farming, grown under cover Hydroponic crop farming

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in growing mushrooms under cover are classified in U.S. Industry 111411,

Mushroom Production.

11142 Nursery and Floriculture Production T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing nursery and floriculture products (e.g., nursery stock, shrubbery, cut flowers, flower seeds, foliage plants) under cover or in open fields and/or (2) growing short rotation woody trees with a growing and harvesting cycle of 10 years or less for pulp or tree stock (e.g., cut Christmas trees, cottonwoods).

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing vegetable and melon bedding plants--are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming;

 Operating timber tracts (i.e., growing cycle greater than 10 years)--are classified in Industry 11311, Timber Tract Operations; and

 Retailing nursery, tree stock, and floriculture products primarily purchased from others--are classified in Industry 44422, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores.

111421 Nursery and Tree Production

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) growing nursery products, nursery stock, shrubbery, bulbs, fruit stock, sod, and so forth, under cover or in open fields and/or (2) growing short rotation woody trees with a growth and harvest cycle of 10 years or less for pulp or tree stock.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing vegetable and melon bedding plants--are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming;

 Operating timber tracts (i.e., growing cycle greater than 10 years)--are clas sified in Industry 113110, Timber Tract Operations; and

 Retailing nursery, tree stock, and floriculture products primarily purchased from others--are classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores.

111422 Floriculture ProductionThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing and/or producing floriculture products (e.g., cut flowers and roses, cut cultivated greens, potted fl owering and foliage plants, and flower seeds) under cover and in open fields.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in retailing floricultu re products primarily purchased from others are classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores.

1119 Other Crop Farming T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing crops (except oilseed and/or grain; vegetable and/or melon; fruit and tree nut; and greenhou se, nursery, and/or floriculture products). These establishments grow crops, such as to bacco, cotton, sugarcane, hay, sugar beet s, peanuts, agave, herbs and spices, and hay and grass seeds; or (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s) and

a combination of fru it(s) and tree nut(s)).

11191 Tobacco Farming T
See industry description for 111910 below.

111910 Tobacco Farming

This industry comprises establishmen ts primarily engaged in growing tobacco.

11192 Cotton Farming T
See industry description for 111920 below.

111920 Cotton Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing cotton.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in ginning cotton are classified in U.S. Industry 115111, Cotton Ginning.

11193 Sugarcane Farming T
See industry description for 111930 below.

111930 Sugarcane Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing sugarcane.

11194 Hay Farming T
See industry description for 111940 below.

111940 Hay Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing hay, alfalfa, clover, and/or mixed hay.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing grain hay--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming; and

 Growing grass and hay seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming.

11199 All Other Crop Farming TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing crops (except oilseeds and/or grains; vegetables and/or melons; fruits and/or tree nuts; greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products; tobacco; cotton; sugarcane; or hay) or (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s); and a combination of fruit(s) and tree nu t(s)) with no one crop or family of crops accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of crops for market).

Illustrative Examples:

Agave farming Spice farming General combination crop farming (except oilseed and grain; vegetables and melons; fruit and nut combinations) Sugar beet farming Grass seed farming Tea farming Hay seed farming Maple sap gathering Peanut farming

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing oilseeds and/or wheat, corn, rice, or other gr ains--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming;

 Growing vegetables and/or melons--are classified in Industry Group 1112, Vegetable and Melon Farming;

 Growing fruits and/or tree nuts--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming;

 Growing greenhouse, nursery, and/or floriculture products--are classified in Industry Group 1114, Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production;

 Growing tobacco--are classified in Industry 11191, Tobacco Farming;

 Growing cotton--are classified in Industry 11192, Cotton Farming;

 Growing sugarcane--are cl assified in Industry 1 1193, Sugarcane Farming;

 Growing hay--are classified in Industry 11194, Hay Farming; and

 Growing algae, seaweed, or other aquatic plants-- are classified in Indust ry 11251, Aquaculture.

111991 Sugar Beet Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishmen ts primarily engaged in growing sugar beets.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in growing beets (except sugar beets) are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming.

111992 Peanut Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishm ents primarily engaged in growing peanuts.

111998 All Other Miscella neous Crop Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in one of the following: (1) growing crops (except oilseeds and/or grains; vegetables and/or melons; fruits and/or tree nuts; greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products; tobacco; cotton; sugarcane; hay; sugar beets; or peanuts); (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s); and a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)) with no one crop or family of crop(s) accounting for one-half of the esta blishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of crops for market); or (3) gathering tea or maple sap.

Illustrative Examples:Agave farming Mint farming General combination crop farming (except oilseed and grain; vegetables and melons; fruit and tree nut combinations) Spice farming Hay seed farming Grass seed farming Hop farming

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Growing oilseeds and/or wheat, corn, rice, or other gr ains--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming;

 Growing vegetables and/or melons--are classified in Industry Group 1112, Vegetable and Melon Farming;

 Growing fruits and/or tree nuts--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming;

 Growing greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products--are classified in Industry Group 1114, Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production;

 Growing tobacco--are classified in Industry 111910, Tobacco Farming;

 Growing cotton--are classified in Industry 111920, Cotton Farming;

 Growing sugarcane--are cl assified in Industry 111930, Sugarcane Farming;

 Growing hay--are classified in Industry 111940, Hay Farming;

 Growing sugar beets--are classified in U.S. Industry 111991, Sugar Beet Farming;

 Growing peanuts--are classified in U.S. Industry 111992, Peanut Farming; and

 Growing algae, seaweed, or other aquatic plants--are classified in U.S. Industry 112519, Other Aquaculture.

112 Animal Production and Aquaculture T

Industries in the Animal Production and Aquaculture su bsector raise or fatten animals for the sale of animals or animal products and/or raise aquatic plants and animals in controlled or selected aquatic environments for the sale of aquatic plants, animals, or their products. The subsector includes establishments, such as ranches, farms, and feedlots primarily engaged in keeping, grazing, breeding , or feeding animals. These animals are kept for the products they produce or for eventual sale. The animals are generally raised in various environments, from total confinement or captivity to feedin g on an open range pasture. The industries in this subsector are grouped by important factors, such as suitable grazing or pasture land, specialized buildings, type of equipment, and the amount and types of labor required. Establishments are classified to the Animal Production and Aquaculture subsector when animal production (i.e., value of animals for market)

accounts for one-half or more of the es tablishment's total agricultural productio n. Establishments with one-half ormore animal production with no one animal product or family of animal products of an industry accounting for onehalf of the establishment's agricultural production are treated as combination animal farm ing classified to Industry 11299, All Other Animal Production.

1121 Cattle Ranching and Farming T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle, milking dairy cattle, or feeding cattle for fattening.

11211 Beef Cattle Ranching an d Farming, including Feedlots T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle (including cattle for dairy herd replacements), or feeding cattle for fattening.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Milking dairy cattle--are classified in Industry 11212, Dairy Cattle and Milk Production; and Operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock--are classified in Industry 48899, Other Support Activities for Transportation.

112111 Beef Cattle Ranc hing and Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in raising cattle (including cattle for dairy herd replacements).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in milking dairy cattle are classified in Industry 112120, Dairy Cattle and Milk

Production.

112112 Cattle Feedlots

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in feeding cattle for fattening.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 48899 9, All Other Support Activities for Transportation.

11212 Dairy Cattle and Milk Production T
See industry description for 112120 below.

112120 Dairy Cattle and Milk Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in milking dairy cattle.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Raising dairy herd replacements--are classified in U.S. Industry 112111, Be ef Cattle Ranching and Farming; and

 Milking goats--are classified in Industry 112420, Goat Farming.

11213 Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming T
See industry description for 112130 below.

112130 Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in raising cattle for both milking and meat production.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Milking dairy cattle--are classified in Industry 112120, Dairy Cattle and Milk Production;

 Raising cattle or feeding cattle for fattening--are classified in Industry 11211, Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming, including Feedlots; and

 Operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock--are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Su pport Activities for Transportation.

1122 Hog and Pig Farming T

11221 Hog and Pig Farming T
See industry description for 112210 below.

112210 Hog and Pig FarmingThis industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in raising hogs and pigs. These establishments may include farming activities, such as breeding, farrowing, and the raising of weanling pigs, feeder pigs, or market size hogs.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 48899 9, All Other Support Activities for Transportation.

1123 Poultry and Egg Production T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in breeding, hatching, and raising poultry for meat or egg production.

11231 Chicken Egg Production T
See industry description for 112310 below.

112310 Chicken Egg Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in raising chickens for egg production. The eggs produced may be for use as table eggs or hatching eggs.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for the production of meat are classified in Industry 112320, Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production.

11232 Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production T
See industry description for 112320 below.

112320 Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in raising broilers, fryers, roasters, and other meat type

chickens.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for egg production are classified in Industry 112310, Chicken Egg Production.

11233 Turkey Production T
See industry description for 112330 below.

112330 Turkey Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising turkeys for meat or egg production.

11234 Poultry Hatcheries T
See industry description for 112340 below.

112340 Poultry Hatcheries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in hatching poultry of any kind.

11239 Other Poultry Production TSee industry description for 112390 below.

112390 Other Poultry Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in raising poultry (except chickens for meat or egg production and turkeys).

Illustrative Examples:

Duck production Ostrich production Emu production Pheasant production Geese production Quail production

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Raising aviary birds, such as parakeets, canaries, an d love birds--are classified in Industry 112990, All Other Animal Production;

 Raising chickens for egg production--are classified in Industry 112310, Chicken Egg Production;

 Raising broilers and other meat type chickens--are classified in Industry 112320, Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production;

 Raising turkeys--are classified in Industry 112330, Turkey Production; and

 Raising swans, peacocks, flamingos or other "adornment birds"--are classified in Industry 112990, All

Other Animal Production.

1124 Sheep and Goat Farming T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising sheep, lambs, and goats, or feeding lambs for fattening.

11241 Sheep Farming T
See industry description for 112410 below.

112410 Sheep Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising sheep and lambs, or feeding lambs for fattening. The sheep or lambs may be raised for sale or wool production.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 48899 9, All Other Support Activities for Transportation.

11242 Goat Farming T
See industry description for 112420 below.

112420 Goat Farming

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising goats.

1125 Aquaculture T

11251 Aquaculture TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the farm raising and production of aquatic animals or plants in controlled or selected aquatic environments. These establishments use some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as holding in captivity, regular stocking, feeding, and protecting from predators, pests, and disease.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taking of fish and other aquatic animals from their natural habitat are classified in Industry 11411, Fishing.

112511 Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) farm raising finfish (e.g., catfish, trout, goldfish, tropical fish, minnows) and/or (2) hatching fish of any kind.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taki ng of finfish from their natural habitat are classified in U.S. Industry 114111, Finfish Fishing.

112512 Shellfish Farming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in farm raising shellfish (e.g., crayfish, shrimp, oysters, clams, mollusks).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taki ng of shellfish from their natural habitat are classified in U.S. Industry 114112, Shellfish Fishing.

112519 Other Aquaculture

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) farm raising of aquatic animals (except finfish and shellfish) and/or (2) farm ra ising of aquatic plants. Alligator, algae, frog, seaweed, or turtle production is included in this industry.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Miscellaneous fishing activities, such as catching or taki ng of terrapins, turtles, and frogs in their natural

habitat--are classified in U.S. Indu stry 114119, Other Marine Fishing;

 Farm raising finfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112511, Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries;

 Farm raising shellfish--are classified in U. S. Industry 112512, Shellfish Farming; and

 Growing hydroponic crops--are classified in Industry 111419, Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover.

1129 Other Animal Production T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising animals and insects (except cattle, hogs and pigs, poultry, sheep and goats, aqu aculture) for sale or product production. These establishments are primarily engaged in raising one of the following: bees, horses and other equines, rabbits and other fur-bearing animals, and so forth, and producing products, such as honey and other bee products. Establishments primarily engaged in raising a

combination of animals with no one animal or family of animals accountin g for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of animals for market) are included in this industry group.

11291 Apiculture T
See industry description for 112910 below.112910 Apiculture

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising bees. These establishments may collect and gather honey; and/or sell queen bees, packages of bees, r oyal jelly, bees' wax, propolis, venom, pollen, and/or other bee products.

11292 Horses and Other Equine Production T
See industry description for 112920 below.

112920 Horses and Other Equine Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in equine boarding are classified in Industry 115210, Support Activities for Animal Production; and

 Equine owners entering horses in racing or other spect ator sporting events are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports.

11293 Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production T
See industry description for 112930 below.

112930 Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in raising fur-bearing animals including rabbits. These animals may be raised for sale or for their pelt production.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the trapping or hunting of wild fur-bearing animals are classified in Industry 114210, Hunting and Trapping.

11299 All Other Animal Production T
See industry description for 112990 below.

112990 All Other Animal Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in: (1) raising animals (except cattle, hogs and pigs, poultry, sheep and goats, aquaculture, apiculture, hors es and other equines; and fur-bearing animals including rabbits); or (2) raising a combination of animals, with no one animal or family of animals accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural productio n (i.e., value of animals for market).

Illustrative Examples:

Bird production (e.g., canaries, parakeets, parrots) Laboratory animal production (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs) Combination animal farming (except dairy, poultry) Llama production Companion animals produc tion (e.g., cats, dogs) Worm production Deer production

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Raising cattle, dairy cattle or feeding cattle for fattening--are classified in Industry Group 1121, Cattle Ranching and Farming;

 Raising hogs and pigs--are classified in Industry Group 1122, Hog and Pig Farming;

 Raising poultry and raising poultry for egg production--are classified in Industry Group 1123, Poultry and Egg Production;

 Raising sheep and goats--are classified in Industry Group 1124, Sheep and Goat Farming;

 Animal aquaculture--are classified in Industry 11251, Aquaculture;

 Raising bees--are classified in Industry 112910, Apiculture;

 Raising horses and other equines--are classified in Industry 112920, Horses and Other Equine Production;

and

 Raising fur-bearing animals including rabbits--are cla ssified in Industry 112930, Fur-Bearing Animal and

Rabbit Production.

113 Forestry and Logging T

Industries in the Forestry and Logging subsector grow and harvest timber on a long production cycle (i.e., of 10 years or more). Long production cycles use different production processes than short production cycles, which require more horticultural interventions prior to harvest, resulting in processes more similar to those found in the Crop Production subsector. Consequently, Christmas tree production and other production involving production cycles of less than 10 years, are classified in the Crop Production subsector. Industries in this subsector specia lize in different stages of the production cycle. Reforestation requires production of seedlings in specialized nurseries. Timber production requires natural fore st or suitable areas of land that are available for a long duration. The maturation time for timber depends upon the species of tree, the climatic conditions of the region, and the intended purpose of the timber. The harvesting of timber (except when done on an extremely small scale) requires specia lized machinery unique to the industry. Establishments gathering forest products, such as gums, barks, balsam needles, rhizomes , fibers, Spanish moss, and ginseng and truffles, are also

included in this subsector.

1131 Timber Tract Operations T

11311 Timber Tract Operations T
See industry description for 113110 below.

113110 Timber Tract Operations

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the operation of timber tracts for the purpose of selling standing timber.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Acting as lessors of land with trees as real estate pr operty--are classified in Industry 531190, Lessors of Other Real Estate Property;

 Growing short rotation woody trees (i.e., growing and harv esting cycle is 10 years or less)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111421, Nursery and Tree Production; and

 Cutting timber--are classified in Industry 113310, Logging.

1132 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products T

11321 Forest Nurseries and Ga thering of Forest Products T
See industry description for 113210 below.

113210 Forest Nurseries and Gath ering of Forest Products

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing trees for reforestation and/or (2) gathering forest products, such as gums, barks, balsam needles, rhizomes, fibers, Spanish moss, ginseng, and

truffles.Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Gathering tea and maple sap--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming; and

 Processing maple syrup into other products--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing.

1133 Logging T

11331 Logging T
See industry description for 113310 below.

113310 Logging

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting timber; (2) cutting and transporting timber; and (3) producing wood chips in the field.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in trucking timber are classified in Industry 484220, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local.

114 Fishing, Hunting and Trapping T

Industries in the Fishing, Hunting and Trapping subsector harvest fish and other wild animals from their natural habitats and are dependent upon a continued supply of the natural resource. The harvesting of fish is the predominant economic activity of this subsector and it usually requires specialized vessels that, by the nature of their size, configuration and equipment, are not suitable for any other type of production, such as transportation. Hunting and trapping activities utilize a wide variety of production processes and are classified in the same subsector as fishing because the availability of resour ces and the constraints impos ed, such as conservation requirements and proper habitat maintenance, are similar.

1141 Fishing T

11411 Fishing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of finfish, shellfish, or miscellaneous marine products from a natural habitat, such as the catching of bluefish, eels, salmon, tuna, clams, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oyster s, shrimp, frogs, sea ur chins, and turtles.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Farm raising finfish, shellfish or other marine animals and plants--are classified in Industry 11251, Aquaculture; and

 Gathering and processing seafood into canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging.

114111 Finfish Fishing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in the commercial catching or taking of finfish (e.g., bluefish, salmon, trout, tuna) from their natural habitat.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Farm raising finfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112511, Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries; and Gathering and processing (known as "floating factory ships") seafood into canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging.

114112 Shellfish Fishing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in the commercial catching or taking of shellfish (e.g., clams, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oysters, sea urchins, sh rimp) from their natural habitat.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in farm raising she llfish are classified in U.S. Industry 112512, Shellfish Farming.

114119 Other Marine Fishing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in the commercial catching or taking of marine animals (except finfish and shellfish).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Animal or plant aquaculture (except finfish and shellf ish)--are classified in U. S. Industry 112519, Other Aquaculture;

 The commercial catching or taking of finfish from their natural habitat --are classified in U.S. Industry 114111, Finfish Fishing; and

 The commercial catching or taking of shellfish from their natural habitat--are classified in U.S. Industry 114112, Shellfish Fishing.

1142 Hunting and Trapping T

11421 Hunting and Trapping T
See industry description for 114210 below.

114210 Hunting and Trapping

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in one or more of th e following: (1) commercial hunting and trapping; (2) operating commercial game preserves, such as game retreats; and (3) operating hunting

preserves.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating nature preserves--are classified in Indust ry 712190, Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions;

and

 Farm raising rabbits and other fur-bearing animals--are classified in Industry 112930, Fur-Bearing Animal

and Rabbit Production.

115 Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry T

Industries in the Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry subsector provide support services that are an essential part of agricultural and forestry production. These support activities may be performed by the agriculture or forestry producing establishment or conducted independently as an alternative source of inputs required for the production process for a given crop, animal, or forestry industry. Establishments that primarily perform these activities independent of the agriculture or forestry producing establishment are in this subsector.

1151 Support Activities for Crop Production T

11511 Support Activities for Crop Production TThis industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing support activities for growing crops.

Illustrative Examples:

Aerial dusting or spraying (i.e., usin g specialized or dedicated aircraft) Farm management services Cotton ginning Planting crops Cultivating services Vineyard cultivation services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing crop production that are generally known as farms, orchards, groves, or vineyards (including sharecroppers and tenant farms)--are classified in th e appropriate crop industry within Subsector 111, Crop Production;

 Providing support activities for forestry--are classified in Industry 11531, Support Activities for Forestry;

 Landscaping and horticultural services, such as lawn and maintenance care and ornamental shrub and tree

services--are classified in Indust ry 56173, Landscaping Services;

 Land clearing, land leveling, and earth moving for terracing, ponds, and irrigation--are classified in Industry 23891, Site Preparation Contractors;

 Artificially drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

 Stemming and redrying tobacco--are classified in Industry 31223, Tobacco Manufacturing;

 Providing water for irrigation--are classified in Indu stry 22131, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; and

 Buying farm products, such as fruits or vegetables, for resale to other wholesalers or retailers, and preparing them for market or further processing--a re classified in Industry 42448, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers.

115111 Cotton Ginning

This U.S. industry comprises establis hments primarily engaged in ginning cotton.

115112 Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in performing a soil preparation activity or crop production service, such as plowing, fertilizing, seed bed preparation, plan ting, cultivating, and crop protecting

services.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Land clearing, land leveling, and earth moving for terracing, ponds, and irrigation--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; and

 Providing water for irrigation--are classified in I ndustry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems.

115113 Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in mechanical harves ting, picking, and combining of crops, and related activities. The machinery us ed is provided by the servicing establishment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing personnel for manual harvesting--are classified in U.S. Industry 115115, Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders; and Providing farm management services (i.e., on a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting crop mechanical or manual harvesting oper ations for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services.

115114 Postharvest Crop Activiti es (except Cotton Ginning)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing services on crops, subsequent to their harvest, with the intent of preparing them for mark et or further processing. These establishments provide postharvest activities, such as crop cleaning, sun drying, sh elling, fumigating, curing, sorting, grading, packing, and cooling.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Ginning cotton--are classified in U.S. Industry 115111, Cotton Ginning;

 Custom grain grinding for animal feed--are classified in U.S. Industry 311119, Other Animal Food Manufacturing;

 Artificially drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing;

 Stemming and redrying tobacco--are classified in Industry 312230, Tobacco Manufacturing;

 Buying farm products for resale to other wholesalers or retailers and preparing them for market or further processing--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Providing farm management services (i.e., on a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting postharvesting crop activities for the farm(s) it manages- -are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services.

115115 Farm Labor Contract ors and Crew Leaders

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in supplying labor for agricultural production or harvesting.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing machine harvesting--are classified in U.S. Industry 115113, Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine; and

 Providing farm management services (i.e., on a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting farm labor for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services.

115116 Farm Management Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing farm management services on a contract or fee basis usually to citrus groves, orchards, or vineyards. These establishments always provide management and may arrange or contract for the partial or the complete operations of the farm establishment(s) it manages. Operational activities may include cultivating, harvesting, and/or other specialized agricultural support

activities.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in crop production that are generally known as farms, orchards, groves, or vineyards (including share croppers and tenant farms), ar e classified in the appropri ate crop industry within Subsector 111, Crop Production.

1152 Support Activities for Animal Production T

11521 Support Activities for Animal Production T
See industry description for 115210 below.115210 Support Activities for Animal Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing support activities related to raising livestock (e.g., cattle, goats, hogs, horses, poultry, sheep). These establishments may pe rform one or more of the following: (1) breeding services for an imals, including companion animals (e.g ., cats, dogs, pet birds); (2) pedigree record services; (3) boarding horses; (4) dairy herd improvement activities; (5) livestock spraying; and (6) sheep dipping and shearing.

1153 Support Activities for Forestry T

11531 Support Activities for Forestry T
See industry description for 115310 below.

115310 Support Activities for Forestry

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in performing particular support activities related to timber production, wood technology, forestry economics and marketing, and forest protection. These establishments may provide support activities for forestry, such as estimatin g timber, forest firefighting, forest pest control, and consulting on wood attributes and reforestation.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the public administration and conservation of forest lands are classified in Industry 924120, Administration of Conservation Programs.

## Sector 21--Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction s ector comprises establishments that extract naturally occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. The term mining is used in the broad sense to include quarrying, well operations, beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, and flotation), and other preparation customarily performed at the mine site, or as a part of mining activity. The Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction sect or distinguishes two basic ac tivities: mine operation and mining support activities. Mine operation includes establishments operating mines, quarries, or oil and gas wells on

their own account or for others on a contract or fee basi s. Mining support activities include establishments that perform exploration (except geophysical surveying) and/or other mining services on a contract or fee basis (except mine site preparation and construction of oil/gas pipelines). Establishments in the Mining, Qu arrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction sect or are grouped and classified according to the natural resource mined or to be mined. Industries include establishments that develop the mine site, extract the natural resources, and/or those that beneficiate (i.e., prepare) the mineral mined. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles th at can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical pro cesses, such as electrolysis and distillation. However, some treatments, such as heat treat ments, take place in both the benefi ciation and the manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activ ities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natura l gas, require little or no preparation, others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, ca n be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site. Mining, beneficiating, and manufacturing activities ofte n occur in a single location. Separate receipts will be

collected for these activities whenever possible. When receipts cannot be broken out between mining and manufacturing, establishments that mine or quarry nonmetallic minerals, and then beneficiate the nonmetallic minerals into more finished manufactured products are classi fied based on the primary activity of the establishment.

A mine that manufactures a small amount of finished products will be classifi ed in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying,

and Oil and Gas Extraction. An establishment that mines whose primary output is a mo re finished manufactured product will be classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing.

211 Oil and Gas Extraction T

Industries in the Oil and Gas Extraction subsector operate and/or develop oil and gas field properties. Such activities may include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping wells; operating separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, and field gathering lines for crude petroleum and natural gas; and all other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the producing property. This subsector includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from oil shale and oil sands, and the production of natural gas, sulfur recovery from natural gas, and recovery of hydrocarbon liquids. Establishments in this subsector include those that oper ate oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. Establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a fee or contract basis, required for the drilling or operation of oil and gas wells (except geophysical surveying and mapping, mine site preparation, and construction of oil/g as pipelines) are classified in Subsector 213, Support Activities for Mining.

2111 Oil and Gas Extraction T

21111 Oil and Gas Extraction T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating and/or developing oil and gas field properties and establishments primarily engaged in recovering liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases. Such activities may include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping wells; operation of separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, and field gathering lines for crude petroleumand natural gas; and all other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the producing property. This industry includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from oil shale and oil sands, the production of natural gas, sulfur recovery from natural gas, and the recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from oil and gas field gases. Establis hments in this industry operate oil and gas wells on their

own account or for others on a contract or fee basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing oil field services for oper ators on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining;

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing;

 Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 32411, Petroleum Refineries; and

 Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 32512, Industrial Gas Manufacturing.

211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) the exploration, development and/or the production of petroleum or natural gas from wells in whic h the hydrocarbons will initially flow or can be produced using normal pumping techniques or (2) th e production of crude petr oleum from surface shales or tar sands or from reservoirs in which the hydrocarbons are semisolids. Establishments in this industry operate oil and gas wells on

their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing oil field services for oper ators on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining;

 Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and

 Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing.

211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases. Establishments primarily engaged in sulfur recovery from natural gas are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons from refined petroleum or converting refined petroleum into liquid hydrocarbons (petrochemicals) and/or recovering liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing;

 Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and

 Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing.

212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) T

Industries in the Mining (except Oil and Gas) subsector primarily engage in mining, mine site development, and beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metallic minerals and nonmetallic minerals, including coal. The term "mining" is used in the broad sense to include ore extraction, quarrying, and beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, sizing, concentrating, and flotation), customarily done at the mine site. Beneficiation is the process whereb y the extracted material is reduced to particles which can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processi ng or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, centrifugal separation, andso on. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily us e chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis, distillation, and so on. However some treatment s, such as heat treatments, take place in both stages: the beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e ., smelting/refining) stages. The rang e of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, others are wash ed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site. Establishments in the Mining (except Oil and Gas) subsector include those that have complete responsibility for operating mines and quarries (except oil and gas wells) and those that operate mines and quarries (except oil and gas wells) for others on a contract or fee basis. Establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals are classified in Subsector 213, Support Activities for Mining.

2121 Coal Mining T

21211 Coal Mining T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining bituminous coal, anthracite, and lignite by underground mining, auger mining, strip mining, culm bank mining, and other surface mining; (2) developing coal mine sites; and (3) beneficiati ng (i.e., preparing) coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in Industry 32419, Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing coal products in steel mills--are cla ssified in Industry 33111, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing.

212111 Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining

This U.S. industry comprises esta blishments primarily engage d in one or more of the following: (1) surface mining of bituminous coal and lignite; (2) developing bituminous coal and lignite surface mine sites; (3) surface mining and beneficiating (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal) of bituminous coal; or (4) beneficiating (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal), but not mining, bituminous coal.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven estab lishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing;

 Underground mining of bituminous coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212112, Bituminous Coal Underground Mining; and

 Mining and/or beneficiating anthracite coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212113, Anthracite Mining.

212112 Bituminous Coal Underground Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) underground mining of bituminous coal; (2) developing bituminous coal underground mine sites; and (3) underground mining and beneficiating of bituminous coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven estab lishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing;

 Surface mining and/or beneficiating of bituminous coal or lignite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212111, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining; and

 Mining and/or beneficiating anthracite coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212113, Anthracite Mining.212113 Anthracite Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining anthracite coal; (2) developing anthracite coal mine site s; and (3) beneficiating anth racite coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven estab lishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing;

 Surface mining and/or beneficiating bituminous coal or lignite--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 212111, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining; and

 Underground mining of bituminous coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212112, Bituminous Coal Underground Mining.

2122 Metal Ore Mining T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing mine sites or mining metallic minerals, and establishments primarily engaged in ore dressing and beneficiating (i.e., preparing) operations, such as crushing, grinding, washing, drying, sintering, concentrating, calcining, and leaching. Beneficiating may be performed at mills operated in conjunction with the mine s served or at mills, such as custom mills, operated separately.

21221 Iron Ore Mining T
See industry description for 212210 below.

212210 Iron Ore Mining

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) developing mine sites, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) iron ores and manganiferous ores valued chiefly for their iron content and/or (2) producing sinter iron ore (except iron ore produced in iron and steel mills) and other iron ore agglomerates.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pig iron ore are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing.

21222 Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their gold and/or silver content. Establishments primarily engaged in the transformation of the gold and silver into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gold or silver bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining.

212221 Gold Ore Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their gold content. Establishments primarily engaged in transformation of the gold into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this industry.Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gold bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining.

212222 Silver Ore Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their silver content. Establishments primarily engaged in

transformation of the silver into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing silver bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining.

21223 Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for thei r copper, nickel, lead, or zi nc content. Beneficiating

includes the transformation of ores into concentrates.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Refining copper concentrates--are classified in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; and

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiati ng iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron

content--are classified in Indu stry 21221, Iron Ore Mining.

212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) lead ores, zinc ores, or lead-zinc ores.

212234 Copper Ore and Nickel Ore Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in: (1) developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) copper and/or nickel ores; and (2) recovering copper concentrates by the precipitation, leaching, or electrowi nning of copper ore.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in refining copper concentrates are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining.

21229 Other Metal Ore Mining T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metal ores (except iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content, gold ore, silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc ore).

Illustrative Examples:

Antimony ores mining and/or beneficiatingTantalum ores mining and/or beneficiating Columbite ores mining and/or beneficiating Tungsten ores mining and/or beneficiating Ilmenite ores mining and/or beneficiating Uranium-radium-vanadium ores mining and/or beneficiating Molybdenum ores mining and/or beneficiating

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating iron and manganiferous ores valued chiefly for their iron content--are classified in Industry 21221, Iron Ore Mining;

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their gold or silver content-- are classified in Industry 21222, Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining;

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or zinc content--are classified in Industry 21223, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining; and

 Enriching uranium--are classified in Industry 3251 8, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing.

212291 Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ore Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) uranium-radium-vanadium ores.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in enriching uranium are classified in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing.

212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metal ores (except iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content, gold ore, silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, and uranium-radium-vanadium ore).

Illustrative Examples:

Antimony ores mining and/or beneficiating Rare-earth metal ores mining and/or beneficiating Columbite ores mining and/or beneficiating Tantalum ores mining and/or beneficiating Ilmenite ores mining and/or beneficiating Tungsten ores mining and/or beneficiating Molybdenum ores mining and/or beneficiating

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiati ng iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content--are classified in Industry 212210, Iron Ore Mining;

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their gold or silver content-- are classified in Industry 21222, Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining;

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or zinc content--are classified in Industry 21223, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining; and

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating uranium-radium-vanadium ores--are classified in U.S. Industry 212291, Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ore Mining.

2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying TThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing mine sites, or in mining or quarrying nonmetallic minerals (except fuels). Also included are certain well and brine operations, and preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., crus hing, grinding, washing, and concentrating) nonmetallic

minerals. Beneficiation is the process whereb y the extracted material is reduced to particles which can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processi ng or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. In contrast, manufacturing operations pr imarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis and distillation. However, some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both the beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petr oleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site.

21231 Stone Mining and Quarrying T

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining or quarrying dimension stone (i.e., rough blocks and/or slabs of stone), or mining and quarrying crushed and broken stone and/or (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating stone (e.g., crushing, grinding, washing, screening, pulverizing, and sizing).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing lime--are classified in Industry 32741, Lime Manufacturing; and

 Quarrying and dressing dimension stone--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing.

212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining or quarrying dimension stone (i.e., rough blocks and/or slabs of stone).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in dressing dimension stone and manufacturing stone products are classified in U.S. Industry 327991, Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing.

212312 Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying

This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments pr imarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining or quarrying crushed and broken limestone (including related rocks, such as dolomite, cement rock, marl, travertine, and calcareous tufa); and (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating limestone (e.g., grinding or pulverizing).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing; and

 Mining or quarrying bituminous limestone--are classified in U.S. Industry 212319, Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying.

212313 Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, and/or mining or quarrying crushed and broken granite (including related rocks, such as gneiss, syenite, and diorite); and (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating granite (e.g., grinding or pulverizing).212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining or quarrying crushed and broken stone (except limestone and granite); (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., grinding and pulverizing) stone (except limestone and granite); and (3) establishments primarily engaged in mining or quarrying bituminous limestone and bituminous sandstone.

Illustrative Examples:

Bituminous limestone mining and/or beneficiating Marble crushed and broken stone mining and/or beneficiating Bituminous sandstone mining and/or beneficiating Sandstone crushed and broken stone mining and/or beneficiating

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mining or quarrying crushed and broken limestone--are classified in U.S. Industry 212312, Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying; and

 Mining or quarrying crushed and broken granite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212313, Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying.

21232 Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying T

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining, quarrying, dredging for sand and gravel, or mining clay (e.g., china clay, paper clay and slip clay), and (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., washing, screening, and grinding) sand and gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) clay or refractory minerals--are classified in Industry 32799, A ll Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing;

 Shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening nonclay ceramics, clay and nonclay refractories, and structural clay products--are cla ssified in Industry 32712, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; and

 Shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 32711, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing.

212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in one or more of the following: (1) operating commercial grade (i.e., construction) sand and gravel pits ; (2) dredging for commercial grade sa nd and gravel; and (3) washing, screening, or otherwise prep aring commercial grad e sand and gravel.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in mining industrial grade sand are classified in U.S. Industry 212322, Industrial Sand Mining.

212322 Industrial Sand Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in one or more of the following: (1) operating industrial grade sand pits; (2) dredging for industrial grade sand; and (3) washing, screening, or otherwise preparing industrial grade sand.

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in mining commercial (i.e., construction) grade gravel are classified in U.S. Industry 212321, Construction Sand and Gravel Mining.

212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining

This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining kaolin or ball clay (e.g., china clay, paper clay, and slip clay) and (2) establishments primarily engaged in beneficiating (i.e., preparing) kaolin or ball clay.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) kaolin and ball clay are classified in U. S. Industry 327992, Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing.

212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining clay (except kaolin and ball), ceramic, or refractory minerals; (2 ) developing the mine site for clay, ceramic, or refractory minerals; and (3) beneficiating (i.e., preparing) clay (except kaolin and ball), ceramic, or refractory minerals.

Illustrative Examples:

Bentonite mining and/or beneficiating Fuller's earth mining and/or beneficiating Common clay mining and/or beneficiating Magnesite mining and/or beneficiating Feldspar mining and/or beneficiating Nepheline syenite mining and/or beneficiating Fire clay mining and/or beneficiating Shale (except oil shale) mining and/or beneficiating

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening clay and nonclay refractories, and structural clay products--are classified in Industry 327120, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing;

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating kaolin or ball clay--are classified in U.S. Industry 212324, Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; and

 Shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 327110, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing.

21239 Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) nonmetallic minera ls (except coal, stone, sand, gravel, clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals).

Illustrative Examples:

Barite mining and/or beneficiating Phosphate rock mining and/or beneficiating Borate, natural, mining and/or beneficiating Potash mining and/or beneficiating Peat mining and/or beneficiating Rock salt mining and/or beneficiatingCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mining or quarrying dimension stone--are classified in Industry 21231, Stone Mining and Quarrying;

 Mining or quarrying sand, gravel, clay and ceramic and refractory minerals--are classified in Industry 21232, Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying;

 Calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) minerals, such as talc, mica, feldspar, barite, and soapstone--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing boron compounds and potassium salts--are classified in Industry 32518, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing table salt--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing salt (except table salt)--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing phosphoric acid, superp hosphates, or other phosphatic fertilizer materials--are classified in Industry 32531, Fer tilizer Manufacturing.

212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining and/or milling, or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) natural potassium, sodium, or boron compounds. Drylake brine operations are included in this industry, as well as establis hments engaged in producing the specified minerals from underground and open pit mines.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing sodium carbonate, boron compounds, and/or potassium salts--are classified in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing table salt--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing.

212392 Phosphate Rock Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, milling, and/or drying or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) phosphate rock.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing phosphoric acid, superphosphates, or other phosphatic

fertilizer materials are classified in U.S. Indust ry 325312, Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing.

212393 Other Chemical and F ertilizer Mineral Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, milling, and/or drying or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) chemical or fertilizer mineral raw materials (except potash, soda, boron, and phosphate rock).

Illustrative Examples:

Barite mining and/or beneficiating Rock salt mining and/or beneficiating Celestite mining and/or beneficiating Sulfur mining and/or beneficiating Fluorspar mining and/or beneficiating

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating natural potassium, sodium, or boron compounds--are classified in U.S. Industry 212391, Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining;

 Manufacturing industrial salt--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Mining, milling, drying, and/or sintering or otherwise beneficiating phosphate rock--are classified in U.S. Industry 212392, Phosphate Rock Mining; and

 Manufacturing table salt--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing.

212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) nonmetallic mi nerals (except stone, sand, gr avel, clay, ceramic, refractory minerals, chemical and fertilizer minerals).

Illustrative Examples:

Gypsum mining and/or beneficiating Soapstone mining and/or beneficiating Mica mining and/or beneficiating Talc mining and/or beneficiating Pyrophyllite mining and/or beneficiating

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mining or quarrying stone--are classified in Industry 21231, Stone Mining and Quarrying;

 Mining, quarrying, or beneficiating sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals--are classified in Industry 21232, Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying;

 Mining, quarrying or beneficiating natural potash, soda, and borate--are classified in U.S. Industry 212391, Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; and

 Mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating phosphate rock--are classified in U.S. Industry 212392, Phosphate Rock Mining.

213 Support Activities for Mining T

Industries in the Support Activities for Mining subs ector group establishments primarily providing support services, on a contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals and for the extraction of oil and gas. Establishments performing exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping) for minerals, on a contract or fee basis, are included in this subsector. Exploration includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. The activities performed on a contract or fee basis by establishments in the Support Activities for Mining subsector are also often performed in- house by mining operators. These activities include: taking core samples, making geological observations at prospective sites, excavating slush pits and cellars, and such oil and gas operations as spudding in, drilling in, redrilling, directional drilling, well surveying; running, cutting, and pulling casings, tubes and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; pe rforating well casings; acidizing and chemically treating wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells.

2131 Support Activities for Mining T

21311 Support Activities for Mining T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals and fo r the extraction of oil and ga s. Drilling, taking core samples, and making geological observations at prospective sites (except geophysical surveying and mapping) for minerals, on a contract or fee basi s, are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for minerals (i.e., coal, metal ores, oil and gas, and nonmetallic minerals) on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 54136, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Mining, quarrying, and/or beneficiating on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Subsector 212, Mining (except Oil and Gas), based on the mineral mined; and

 Operating oil and gas field properties on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Subsector 211, Oil and Gas Extraction, based on the activity.

213111 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drilling oil and gas wells for others on a contract or fee basis. This industry includes contractors that sp ecialize in spudding in, drilling in, redrilling, and directional drilling.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping) services for oil and gas on a contract

or fee basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations; and

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services.

213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in performing support activities on a contract or fee basis for oil and gas operations (except site preparatio n and related construction activities). Services included are exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping); excavating slush pits and cellars, well surveying; running, cutting, and pulling casings, tubes, and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; perforating well casings; acidizing and chemically treat ing wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Contract drilling for oil and gas--are classified in U.S. Industry 213111, Drilling Oil and Gas Wells;

 Operating oil and gas field properties on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21111, Oil and Gas Extraction;

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construc tion--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction; and

 Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

213113 Support Activities for Coal Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing support activities for coal mining (except site preparation and related co nstruction activities) on a contract or fee basis. Exploration for coal is included in this industry. Exploration includes traditiona l prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for coal on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Operating coal mines or quarries on a contract or fee ba sis--are classified in Industry 21211, Coal Mining, based on the type of coal mined; and Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

213114 Support Activities for Metal Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in providing support activities (except site preparation and related construction activities) on a contract or fee basis for the mining and quarrying of metallic minerals and for the extraction of metal ores. Exploration for these minerals is included in this industry. Exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping se rvices) includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for metallic minerals on a contract or fee basis-- are classified in Industry 541360, Geo physical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Operating metallic mineral mines or quarries on a contr act or fee basis--are classified in Industry Group 2122, Metal Ore Mining, based on the type of ore mined; and

 Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

213115 Support Activities for Nonmetallic Minerals (except Fuels) Mining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support ac tivities, on a fee or contract basis, for the mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals (except fuel) and for the extraction of nonmetallic minerals (except site preparation and related construction activities). Exploration for these minerals is included in this industry. Exploration (except geophysical survey ing and mapping services) includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for nonmetallic minerals on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Operating nonmetallic mineral mines or quarries on a contract or fee basis --are classified in Industry Group 2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying, base d on the type of mineral mined or quarried; and

 Site preparation and related construction activities--a re classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation

Contractors.

## Sector 22—Utilities T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Utilities sector comprises establishments engaged in the provision of the following utility services: electric power, natural gas, steam supply, wate r supply, and sewage removal. Within this sector, the specific activities associated with the utility services provided vary by u tility: electric power includes generation, transmission, and distribution; natural gas includes distribution; steam supply includes provision and/or distribution; water supply includes treatment and distribution; and sewage removal includes collection, treatment, and disposal of waste through sewer systems and sewage treatment facilities. Excluded from this sector are establishments primar ily engaged in waste management services classified in Subsector 562, Waste Management and Remediation Services . These establishments also collect, treat, and dispose of waste materials; however, they do not use sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities.

221 Utilities

Industries in the Utilities subsector provide electric po wer, natural gas, steam supp ly, water supply, and sewage removal through a permanent infrastructure of lines, mains, and pipes. Establishments are grouped together based on the utility service provided and the particular system or facilities required to perform the service.

2211 Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in generating, transmitting, and/or distributing electric power. Establishments in th is industry group may perform one or more of the following activities: (1) operate generation facilities that produce electric energy; (2) operate transmission systems that convey the electricity from the generation facility to the distribution system; a nd (3) operate distribution systems that convey electric power received from the generation facility or th e transmission system to the final consumer.

22111 Electric Power Generation

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in operating electric power generation facilities. These facilities convert other forms of energy, such as water po wer (i.e., hydroelect ric), fossil fuels, nuclear power, and solar power, into electrical energy. The establishments in this indu stry produce electric energy and provide electricity to transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating trash incine rators that also generate electricity are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal.

221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in operating hydroelectric power generation facilities. These facilities use water power to drive a tu rbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution

systems.

221112 Fossil Fuel Electri c Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in operating fossil fuel powered electric power generation facilities. These facilities use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or gas, in internal combustion or combustion turbine conventional steam process to pr oduce electric energy. The electric ener gy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to elect ric power distribution systems.

221113 Nuclear Electric Power GenerationThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in operating nucl ear electric power generation facilities. These facilities use nuclear power to produce el ectric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmi ssion systems or to electric power distribution systems.

221114 Solar Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in operating so lar electric power generation facilities. These facilities use energy from the sun to produc e electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmi ssion systems or to electric power distribution systems.

221115 Wind Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in operating wind electric power generation facilities. These facilities use wind power to drive a tu rbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution

systems.

221116 Geothermal Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in operating geothermal electric power generation

facilities. These facilities use heat derived from the Earth to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power tran smission systems or to electri c power distribu tion systems.

221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in operating biomass electric power generation facilities. These facilities use biomass (e.g., wood, waste, alcohol fuels) to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating trash disposal incinerators that also generate electricity are classified in U.S. Industry 562213, So lid Waste Combustors and Incinerators.

221118 Other Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power generation facilities (except hydroelectric, fossil fuel, nucle ar, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass). These facilities convert other forms of energy, such as tidal power, in to electric energy. The electri c energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power dist ribution systems.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating trash disposal incinerators that also generate electricity--are classified in U.S. Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators;

 Operating hydroelectric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221111, Hydroelectric Power Generation;

 Operating fossil fuel powered electric power generatio n facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221112, Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation;

 Operating nuclear electric power generation facilities--a re classified in U.S. Industry 221113, Nuclear Electric Power Generation;

 Operating solar electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221114, Solar Electric

Power Generation; Operating wind electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221115, Wind Electric

Power Generation;

 Operating geothermal electric power generation fac ilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221116,

Geothermal Electric Power Generation; and

 Operating biomass electric power generation facilities--a re classified in U.S. Industry 221117, Biomass

Electric Power Generation.

22112 Electric Power Transmission , Control, and Distribution

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power transmission systems, controlling (i.e., regulating voltages) the transmission of elec tricity, and/or distributing electricity. The transmission system includes lines and transformer stations. These establishments arrange, facilitate, or coordinate the transmission of electricity from the generating source to the distribution centers, other electric utilities, or final consumers. The distribution system consists of lines, poles, meters, and wiring that deliver the electricity to final

consumers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in generating electric energy are classified in In dustry 22111, Electric Power

Generation.

221121 Electric Bulk Power Tr ansmission and Control

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in operating electri c power transmission systems and/or controlling (i.e., regulating voltages) the transmission of electricity from the generating source to distribution centers or other electric utilities. The transmission system includes lines and transformer stations.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Generating electric energy--are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power Generation; and

 Distributing electricity to final consumers--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 221122, Electric Power

Distribution.

221122 Electric Power Distribution

This U.S. industry comprises electric power establis hments primarily engaged in either (1) operating electric power distribution systems (i.e., consisting of lines, poles, meters, and wiring) or (2) operating as electric power brokers or agents that arrange the sale of electricity via power distribution systems operated by others.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Generating electric energy--are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power Generation; and

 Transmitting electricity between genera ting sources or distribution centers--a re classified in U.S. Industry 221121, Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control.

2212 Natural Gas Distribution

22121 Natural Gas Distribution See industry description for 221210 below.

221210 Natural Gas Distribution

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating gas distri bution systems (e.g., mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gas marketers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distribution system;(3) establishments known as gas brokers or agents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distribution systems operated by others; and (4) establishments primarily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to final consumers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Pipeline transportation of natural gas from process plants to local distribution systems--are classified in Industry 486210, Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; and

 Retailing liquefied petroleum (LP) gas via direct selling --are classified in Industry 454310, Fuel Dealers.

2213 Water, Sewage and Other Systems

22131 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems See industry description for 221310 below.

221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in operating water treatment plants and/or operating water supply systems. The water supply system may include pumping stations, aqueducts, and/or distribution mains. The water may be used for drinking, irrigation, or other uses.

22132 Sewage Treatment Facilities See industry description for 221320 below.

221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities that collect, treat, and dispose of waste.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating waste treatment or disposal facilities (ex cept sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities)--are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Pumping (i.e., cleaning) septic tanks and cesspools--are classified in U.S. Industry 562991, Septic Tank and Related Services; and

 Cleaning and rodding sewers and cat ch basins--are classified in U. S. Industry 562998, All Other Miscellaneous Waste Management Services.

22133 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply See industry description for 221330 below.

221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing steam, heated air, or cooled air. The steam distribution may be through mains.

## Sector 23—Construction T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Construction sector comprises establishments pr imarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of sites for new construction and establishments primarily engaged in subdividing land for sale as building sites also

are included in this sector. Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Activities of these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but they usually perform construction activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilities for establishments in this sector are usually specified in (1) contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2) contracts with other construction establishments (subcontracts). Establishments primarily engaged in contracts that incl ude responsibility for all aspects of individual construction projects are commonly known as general contractors, but also may be known as design-builders, construction managers, turnkey contractors, or (in cases where two or more establishments jointly secure a general contract) joint-venture contractors. Construction managers that provi de oversight and scheduling only (i.e., agency) as well as construction managers that are responsible for the entire project (i.e., at risk) are included as general contractor type establishments. Establishments of the "general contractor type" frequently arrange construction of separate parts of their projects through subcontracts with other construction establishments. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e .g., masonry, painting, and electrical work) of a construction project are commonly known as specialty trade contractors. Activities of specialty trade contractors are usually subcontracted from other construction establishments, but especially in remodeling and repair construction, the work may be done directly for the owner of the property. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to construc t buildings to be sold on sites that they own are known as for-sale builders, but also may be kn own as speculative builders or merchant builders. For-sale builders produce buildings in a manner similar to general contractors, but their production processes also include site acquisition and securing of financial backing. For-sale builders are most often associated with the construction of residential buildings. Like general contractors, they may subcontract all or part of the actual construction work on their buildings. There are substantial differences in the types of eq uipment, work force skills, and other inputs required by establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and variations in the underlying production functions,

this sector is divided into three subsectors. Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings, comprises establishments of the general contractor type and for-sale builders involved in the construction of buildings. Su bsector 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction, comprises establishments involved in the construction of engineering projects. Subs ector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors, comprises establishments engaged in specialty trade activities generally needed in the construction of all types of buildings. Force account construction is construction work performed by an enterprise primarily engaged in some business other than construction for its own account, using employees of the enterprise. This activity is not included in the construction sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the enterprise. The installation and the ongoing repair and maintenance of telecommunications and utility networks is excluded from construction when the establishments performing the work are not independent contractors. Although a growing proportion of this work is subcontracted to independent contractors in the Construction sector, the operating units of telecommunications and utility comp anies performing this work are included with the telecommunications or utility activities.

236 Construction of Buildings T

The Construction of Buildings subsector comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction ofbuildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. The onsite assembly of precut, panelized, and prefabricated buildings and construction of temporary buildings are included in this subsector. Part or all of the production work for which the establishments in this subsector have responsibility may be subcontracted to other constructio n establishments--usually sp ecialty trade contractors.Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of buildings they construct. This classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes.

2361 Residential Building Construction T

23611 Residential Building Construction T

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction or remodeling and renovation of single-family and multifamily residential buildings. Included in this industry are residential housing general contractors (i.e., new construction, remodeling, or renovating existing residential structures), for-sale builders and remodelers of residential structures, residential project co nstruction management firms, and residential design-build

firms.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Performing specialized construction work on houses and other residential buildings, generally on a

subcontract basis--are classified in Subs ector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors;

 Performing manufactured (mobile) home setup and tie-down work--are classified in Industry 23899, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; and

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 53111, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236115 New Single-Family Housing Constr uction (except For-Sale Builders)

This U.S. industry comprises general contractor estab lishments primarily responsible for the entire construction of new single-family housing, such as single-family detached houses and town houses or row houses where each housing unit (1) is separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall and (2) has no housing units constructed above or below. This industry includes general contractors responsible for the on-site assembly of modular and prefabricated houses. Single-family housing design-build firms and single-family construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Building single-family houses on their own account for sale as speculative builders or merchant builders-- are classified in U.S. Industry 23 6117, New Housing For-Sale Builders;

 Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other residential buildings--are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers;

 Performing manufactured (mobile) home set up and tie-down work--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors;

 Performing specialized construction work on houses and other residential buildings, generally on a

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsect or 238, Specialty Tr ade Contractors; and

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236116 New Multifamily Housing Constr uction (except For-Sale Builders)

This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the construction of new multifamily residential housing units (e.g., high-rise, garden, town hou se apartments, and condominiums where each unit is not separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-r oof wall). Multifamily design-build firms and multifamily housing construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Building multifamily buildings on their own account for sale as speculative builders or merchant builders-- are classified in U.S. Industry 23 6117, New Housing For-Sale Builders; Remodeling or repairing existing multifamily housing and other residential buildings--are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers;

 Performing specialized construction work on multifamily housing and other residential buildings, generally

on a subcontract basis--are classified in S ubsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236117 New Housing For-Sale Builders

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in building new homes on land that is owned or controlled by the builder rather than the homebuyer or invest or. The land is included w ith the sale of the home. Establishments in this industry build single and/or multifam ily homes. These establishments are often referred to as merchant builders, but are also known as production or for-sale builders.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Building single-family houses for others as general co ntractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders);

 Building multifamily residential buildings for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236116, New Multifamily Housing Constr uction (except For-Sale Builders);

 Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other reside ntial buildings, either for others or on own account for sale--are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers;

 Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings, generally on a

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsect or 238, Specialty Tr ade Contractors; and

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236118 Residential Remodelers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily responsible for the remodeling construction (including additions, alterations, reconstruction, maintenance, and repair work) of houses and other residential buildings, single-family, and multifamily. Included in this industr y are remodeling general contractors, for-sale remodelers, remodeling design-build firms, and remodeling project construction management firms.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Building single-family houses for others as general co ntractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders);

 Building multifamily buildings for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236116, New Multifamily Housing Constructio n (except For-Sale Builders);

 Building houses or other residential buildings, on their own account for sale as speculative builders or

merchant builders--are classified in U.S. In dustry 236117, New Housing For-Sale Builders;

 Remodeling nonresidential buildings--are classified in Industry Group 2362, Nonresidential Building Construction, based on the type of structure being remodeled;

 Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings generally on a

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsect or 238, Specialty Tr ade Contractors; and

 23611Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

2362 Nonresidential Building Construction T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of no nresidential buildings. This industry group includes nonresidential general contractors, nonresidential for-s ale builders, nonresidential design-build firms, and nonresidential project construction management firms.

23621 Industrial Building Construction TSee industry description for 236210 below.

236210 Industrial Building Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily resp onsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of industrial buildings (except warehouses). The construction of selected additional structures, whose production processes are similar to those for industrial buildings (e.g., incinerators, cement plants, blast furnaces, and similar nonbuilding structures), is included in this industry. Included in this industry are industrial building general contractors, industri al building for-sale builders, industrial building designbuild firms, and industrial building construction management firms.

Illustrative Examples:

Assembly plant construction Furnace, industrial plant, construction Cannery construction Mine loading and discharging station construction Cement plant construction Paper or pulp mill construction Chemical plant (except petrochemical) construction Pharmaceutical manufacturing plant construction Factory construction

Steel mill construction Food processing plant construction Waste disposal plant (except sewage treatment) construction

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Constructing oil refineries and petrochemical plants--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction;

 Constructing water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and pumping stations for water and sewer systems--are classified in Industry 237110, Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction;

 Constructing power generation plants (except hydroelectric)--are classified in Industry 237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction;

 Constructing industrial warehouses --are classified in Industry 236220, Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; and

 Performing specialized construction work on industrial buildings, generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

23622 Commercial and Institut ional Building Construction T
See industry description for 236220 below.

236220 Commercial and Institutio nal Building Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily resp onsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildi ngs and related structures, such as stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming facilities. This industry includes establishments responsible for the on-site assembly of modular or prefabricated commercial an d institutional buildings. Included in this industry are commercial and institutional building general contractors, commercial and institutional building for-sale builders, commercial and institutional building design-build firms, and commercial and institutional building project construction management firms.

Illustrative Examples:

Airport building construction Office building constructionArena construction Parking garage construction

Barrack construction

Prison construction Farm building construction

Radio and television broadcast studio construction

Fire station construction Religious building (e.g., church, synagogue, mosque, temple) construction

Grain elevator construction

Restaurant construction Hospital construction School building construction

Hotel construction Shopping mall construction Indoor swimming f acility construction Warehouse construction (e.g., commercial , industrial, manuf acturing, private)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Constructing structures that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations) or are used to produce products for these systems (e.g., power plants, refineries)--are cla ssified in Industry Group 2371, Utility System Construction, based on type of construction project;

 Performing specialized construction work on commercial and institutional buildings, generally on a

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsect or 238, Specialty Tr ade Contractors; and

 Constructing buildings on their own account for rent or lease--are classified in Industry Group 5311,

Lessors of Real Estate.

237 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction T

The Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction subsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is the construction of entire engineering projects (e.g., highways and dams), and specialty trade contractors, whose primary activity is the production of a specific component for such projects. Specialty trade contractors in Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction generally are perfor ming activities that are specific to heavy and civil engineering construction projects and are not normally performed on buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Specialty trade activities are classified in this subsecto r if the skills and equipment present are specific to heavy or civil engineering construction projects. For example, specialized equipment is needed to paint lines on highways. This equipment is not normally used in building applications so the activity is classified in this subsector. Traffic signal installation, while specific to highways, uses much of the same skills and equi pment that are needed for electrical work in building pr ojects and is therefore classified in Subs ector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors. Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage) and projects involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in th is subsector. Establishmen ts whose primary activity is the subdivision of land into individual building lots us ually perform various additional site-improvement activities (e.g., road building and utility line installation) and are included in this subsector.

Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of structures th at they construct. This classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes.

2371 Utility System Construction T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in the construction of distribution lines and related buildings and structures for utilities (i.e., water, sewer, petroleum, gas, power, and communication). All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, power plants, and refineries) are included in this industry group.

23711 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction T
See industry description for 237110 below.237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the construction of water and sewer lines, mains, pumping stations, treatment plants, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty tr ade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to water, sewer line, and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of water and sewer networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, water treatment plants, and sewage treatment plants) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Distribution line, sewer and water, construction Sewer main, pipe, and connection, construction Fire hydrant installation

Storm sewer construction Irrigation systems construction

Water main and line construction Pumping station, water and sewage system, construction Water system storage tank and tower construction

Reservoir construction Water treatment plant construction Sewage disposal plant construction Water well drilling, digging, boring, or sinking (except water intake wells in oil and gas fields)

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in constructing marine facilities (e.g., ports), flood control structures, dams, or hydroelectric power generation facilities are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering

Construction.

23712 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction T
See industry description for 237120 below.

237120 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of oil and gas lines, mains, refineries, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this gr oup if they are engaged in activities primarily related to oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction. All stru ctures (including buildings) that are integral parts of oil and gas networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, and refineries) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Distribution line, gas and oil, construction Oil refinery construction

Gas main construction Petrochemical plant construction Gathering line, gas and oil field, construction Pumping station, gas and oil transmission, construction Natural gas pipeline construction Storage tank, natural gas or oil, tank farm or field, construction Natural gas processing plant construction

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in building chemical plants (except petrochemical) and similar process or batch facilities are classified in Industry 236210, Industrial Building Construction.

23713 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction T
See industry description for 237130 below.

237130 Power and Communication Line an d Related Structures Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the construction of power lines and towers, power plants, and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting/receiving towers . The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities pr imarily related to power and communication line and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of power and communication networks (e.g., transmitting towers, substations, and power plants) are included.

Illustrative Examples:

Alternative energy (e.g., geothermal, ocean wave, solar, wind) structure construction Power line stringing Cellular phone tower construction Radio transmitting tower construction Co-generation plant construction Satellite receiving station construction

Communication tower construction Telephone line stringing Electric light and power plant (ex cept hydroelectric) construction Transformer station and substation, electric power, construction Electric power transmission line and tower construction Underground cable (e.g., cable television, electricity, telephone) laying Nuclear power plant construction

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Constructing hydroelectric generating facilities--are cla ssified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction;

 Constructing broadcast studios and similar nonresidential buildings--are classified in Industry 236220, Commercial and Institutional Building Construction;

 Performing electrical wo rk within buildings--are classified in I ndustry 238210, Electri cal Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors;

 Line slashing or cutting (except maintenance)--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation
Contractors;

 Installing and maintaining communication transmission lines performed by telecommunications companies--are classified in Su bsector 517, Telecommunications;

 Locating underground utility lines prior to digging--are classified in Industry 561990, All Other Support Services; and

 Tree and brush trimming for overhead utility lines--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping

Services.

2372 Land Subdivision T

23721 Land Subdivision T
See industry description for 237210 below.

237210 Land SubdivisionThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in servicing land and subdividing real property into lots, for subsequent sale to builders. Servicing of land may include excavation work for th e installation of roads and utility lines. The extent of work may vary from project to project. Land subdivision precedes building activity and the subsequent building is often residential, but may also be commercial tracts and industrial parks. These establishments may do all the work themse lves or subcontract the work to others. Establishments that perform only the legal subdivision of land are not included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Constructing buildings, for sale, on lots they subdivid e--are classified based on the type of construction project, in Industry Group 2361, Residential Building Construction, or Industry Group 2362, Nonresidential Building Construction;

 Installing roads on a subcontract basis for land subdiv iders--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

 Installing utilities on a subcontract basis for land subdiv iders--are classified in Industry Group 2371, Utility System Construction;

 Preparing land owned by others for building construction--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors;

 Constructing buildings, for rent or own use, on lots they subdivide--are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate; and

 Legal subdivision of land without land preparation--a re classified elsewhere in the classification system based on the primary activity of the establishment.

2373 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction T

23731 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction T
See industry description for 237310 below.

237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the construction of highways (including elevated), streets, roads, airport runways, public sidewalks, or bridges. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade c ontractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to highway, street, and bridge construction (e.g., installing guardrails on highways).

Illustrative Examples:

Airport runway construction Highway line painting Causeway construction Painting traffic lanes or parking lot lines Culverts, highway, road, and street, construction Pothole filling, highway, road, street, or bridge Elevated highway construction Resurfacing, highway, road, street, or bridge

Guardrail construction Sign erection, highway, road, street, or bridge

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Constructing tunnels--are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction;

 Highway lighting and signal installation--are classi fied in Industry 238210, El ectrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors;

 Painting bridges--are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors; and

 Constructing parking lots, private driveways, sidewalks, or erecting billboards--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specia lty Trade Contractors.2379 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction T

23799 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction T
See industry description for 237990 below.

237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy and engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, and distribution line construction). The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade c ontractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, distribution line, oil and gas structure, and utilities building and structure construction). Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land dr ainage), development of marine fac ilities, and projects involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails ) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Channel construction Land drainage contractors

Dam construction

Marine construction

Dock construction Microtunneling contractors Dredging (e.g., canal, channel, ditch, waterway) Nuclear waste disposal site construction Earth retention system construction Park ground and recreational open space improvement construction Flood control project construction

Railroad construction

Golf course construction Subway construction Horizontal drilling (e.g., cable, pipeline, sewer installation) Trenching, underwater Hydroelectric generating station construction

Tunnel construction

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Constructing water mains, sewers, and related structur es--are classified in Industry 237110, Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction;

 Constructing oil and gas pipelines and related structures--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction;

 Constructing power and communication transmission lines and related structures--are classified in Industry 237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction;

 Constructing highways, streets, and bridges--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; and

 Trenching (except underwater)--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

238 Specialty Trade Contractors T

The Specialty Trade Contractors su bsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is performing specific activities (e.g., pouring concrete, site preparation, plumbi ng, painting, and electrical work) involved in building construction or other activities that are similar for all types of construction, but that are not responsible for the entire project. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. The production work performed by establishments in this subsec tor is usually subcontracted from establishments of thegeneral contractor type or for-sale builders, but especially in remodeling and repair construction, work also may be done directly for the owner of the property. Specialty tr ade contractors usually perform most of their work at the construction site, although they may have shops where they perform prefabrication and other work. Establishments primarily engaged in preparing sites for new construction are also included in this subsector. There are substantial differences in types of equipm ent, work force skills, and other inputs required by specialty trade contractors. Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the underlying production function for the specialty trade in which they specialize. Throughout the Specialty Tr ade Contractors subsector, establishments commonly provide both the parts and labor required to comp lete work. For example, electrical contractors supply the current-carrying and noncurrent-carrying wiring devices that are required to install a circuit. Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors also supply the parts required to complete a contract. Establishments that specialize in activities primarily re lated to heavy and civil engineering construction that are not normally performed on buildings, such as the painting of lines on highways are classified in Subsector 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction. Establishments that are primarily engaged in selling c onstruction materials are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade, or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the characteristics of the selling unit.

2381 Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the specialty trades needed to complete the basic structure (i.e., foundation, frame, and shell) of buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

23811 Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors See industry description for 238110 below.

238110 Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and finishing concrete foundations and structural elements. This industry al so includes establishments performing grout and shotcrete work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Concrete pouring and finishing

Gunite contractors Concrete pumping (i.e., placement) Mud-jacking contractors Concrete work (except paving)

Shotcrete contractors Footing and foundation concrete contractors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Constructing or paving streets, highways, and public sidewalks--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

 Concrete sealing, coating, waterproofing, or dampproofing--are classified in Industry 238390, Other Building Finishing Contractors; and

 Paving residential driveways, commercial parking lots , and other private parking areas--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Sp ecialty Trade Contractors.

23812 Structural Steel and P recast Concrete Contractors See industry description for 238120 below.

238120 Structural Steel and P recast Concrete ContractorsThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) erecting and assembling structural parts made from steel or precast concrete (e.g., steel beams, structural steel compone nts, and similar products of precast concrete) and/or (2) assembling and installing other steel c onstruction products (e.g., steel rods, bars, rebar, mesh, and cages) to reinforce poured-in- place concrete. The work performe d may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Concrete product (e.g., structural precast , structural prestressed) installation

Rebar contractors Erecting structural steel Reinforcing steel contractors Placing and tying reinforcing rod at a construction site

Structural steel contractors Precast concrete panel, slab, or form installation

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in pouring concrete at the construction site for building foundations or structural

elements are classified in Indust ry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors.

23813 Framing Contractors See industry description for 238130 below.

238130 Framing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in structural framing and sheathing using materials other than structural steel or concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Building framing (except structural steel)

Post frame contractors Foundation, building, wood, contractors Steel framing contractors Framing contractors Wood frame component (e.g., truss) fabrication on site

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Finish carpentry--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors; and

 Installing structural steel, precast concrete framing, or structural elements--are classified in Industry 238120, Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors.

23814 Masonry Contractors See industry description for 238140 below.

238140 Masonry Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting, brick laying, and other stone work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Block layingMarble, granite, and slate, exterior, contractors Brick laying Masonry pointing, cleaning, or caulking Concrete block laying

Stucco contractors Foundation (e.g., brick, block, stone), building, contractors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Erecting the basic structure of buildings by pouring concrete--are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors;

 Interior marble, granite, and slate wo rk--are classified in In dustry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors;

and

 Laying precast stones or bricks for patios, sidewalks, and driveways; or paving residential driveways, commercial parking lots and other private parking ar eas--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors.

23815 Glass and Glazing Contractors See industry description for 238150 below.

238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in installing glass panes in prepared openings (i.e., glazing work) and other glass work for buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Decorative glass and mirror installation Glazing contractors Glass cladding installation Stained glass installation Glass coating and tinting (except automotive) contractors Window pane or sheet installation Glass installation (except automotive) contractors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing prefabricated window units-- are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors; and

 The replacement, repair, and/or tintin g of automotive glass--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 811122, Automotive Glass Replacement Shops.

23816 Roofing Contractors See industry description for 238160 below.

238160 Roofing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in roofing. This industry also includes establishments treating roofs (i.e., spraying, painting, or coating) and installing skylights. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Painting, spraying, or coating, roof Sheet metal roofing installation Shake and shingle, roof, installationSkylight installation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing roof trusses and sheathing attached to trusses--are classified in Industry 238130, Framing Contractors; and

 Installing downspouts, gutters, fascia, and soffits--are classified in Industry 238170, Siding Contractors.

23817 Siding Contractors See industry description for 238170 below.

238170 Siding Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing siding of wood, aluminum, vinyl, or other exterior finish material (except brick, stone, stucco, or curtain wall). This industry also includes establishments installing gutters and downspouts. Th e work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Downspout, gutter, and gutter guard installation Siding (e.g., vinyl, wood, aluminum) installation

Fascia and soffit installation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing brick, stone, or stucco building exterior finish materials--are clas sified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors;

 Installing curtain wall--are classified in Industry 238190, Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors; and

 Installing sheet metal duct work--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and AirConditioning Contractors.

23819 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors See industry description for 238190 below.

238190 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building foundation and structure trades work (except poured concrete, structural steel, precast concrete, framing, masonry, glass, glazing, roofing, and siding). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Curtain wall, metal, installation Forms for poured concrete, erecting, and dismantling Decorative steel and wrought iron work installation

Ornamental metal work installation Fire escape installation Welding, on site, contractors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Poured concrete foundation and structure work--are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors; Installation of structural steel or precast concrete building components--a re classified in Industry 238120, Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors;

 Framing buildings--are classified in In dustry 238130, Framing Contractors;

 Masonry work--are classified in Indu stry 238140, Masonry Contractors;

 Glass and glazing work--are classified in Indu stry 238150, Glass and Glazing Contractors;

 Installing or repairing roofs--are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors;

 Installing siding--are classified in Industry 238170, Siding Contractors; and

 Fireproofing buildings--are classified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation Contractors.

2382 Building Equipment Contractors T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing equipment that forms part of a building mechanical system (e.g., electricity, water, heating, and cooling). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. Contractors installing specialized building equipment, such as elevators, escalat ors, service station equipment, and ce ntral vacuum cleaning systems are also

included.

23821 Electrical Co ntractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors T
See industry description for 238210 below.

238210 Electrical Co ntractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing electrical wiring and equipment. Contractors included in this industry may include both the pa rts and labor when performing work. These contractors may perform new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Airport runway lighting contractors Fiber optic cable (except transmission line) contractors Alarm system (e.g., fire, burgla r), electric, installation only Highway, street, and bridge lighting and electrical signal installation Audio equipment (except automo tive) installation contractors Home automation system installation Cable splicing, electrical or fiber optic Lighting system installation Cable television hookup contractors Telecommunications equipment and wiring (except transmission line) installation contractors Computer and network cable installation Traffic signal installation Environmental control system installation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing and maintaining telecommunications lines by telecommunications companies--are classified in Subsector 517, Telecommunications;

 Constructing power and communication transmission lines--are classified in Industry 237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; and

 Burglar and fire alarm installation combined with sales, maintenance, or monitoring services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561621, Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths).

23822 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors T
See industry description for 238220 below.

238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning ContractorsThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing plumbing, heating, and airconditioning equipment. Contractors in this industry may provide both parts and labor when performing work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Cooling tower installation Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) contractors Duct work (e.g., cooling, dust collection, exhaust, heating, ventilation) installation Lawn sprinkler system installation Fire sprinkler system installation

Mechanical contractors Fireplace, natural gas, installation Refrigeration system (e.g., commercial, industrial, scientific) installation

Furnace installation Sewer hook-up and connection, building

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing electrical controls for HVAC systems--are cl assified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors;

 Duct cleaning--are classified in Industry 561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; and

 Installing septic tanks--are classified in In dustry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

23829 Other Building Equipment Contractors T
See industry description for 238290 below.

238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing building equipment (except electrical, plumbing, heating, cooling, or ventilation equi pment). The repair and maintenance of miscellaneous building equipment is included in this industry. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Automated and revolving door installation Lightning protection equipment (e.g., lightning rod) installation Boiler and pipe insulation installation Machine rigging Commercial-type door installation Millwrights Conveyor system installation Overhead door, commercial- or industrial-type, installation Dismantling large-scale machinery and equipment Revolving door installation

Elevator installation Satellite dish, household-type, installation

Escalator installation Vacuum cleaning system, built-in, installation Gasoline pump, service station, installation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing of industrial equipment with incident al installation--are classi fied in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing; and Repair and maintenance of commercial refrigeration equipment or production equipment--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance.

2383 Building Finishing Contractors T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the specialty trades needed to finish buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

23831 Drywall and Insulation Contractors T
See industry description for 238310 below.

238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drywall, plaster work, and building insulation work. Plaster work includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, and installation of lath to receive plaster. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. Establishments primarily engaged in providing firestop services are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Acoustical ceiling tile and panel installation Lathing contractors Drop ceiling installation Plastering (i.e., ornamental, plain) contractors Drywall contractors Soundproofing contractors Firestop contractors Fresco (i.e., decorative plaster finishing) contractors Taping and finishing drywall Gypsum board installation Wall cavity and attic space insulation installation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Applying stucco--are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors; and

 Insulating pipes and boilers--are classified in Industry 238290, Other Building Equipment Contractors.

23832 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors T
See industry description for 238320 below.

238320 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in interior or exterior painting or interior wall covering. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Bridge painting Paperhanging or removal contractors House painting Ship painting contractors Paint and wallpaper stripping Wallpaper hanging and removal contractors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Painting lines on highways, streets, and parking lots-- are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

 Roof painting--are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors; and

 Installing wood paneling--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors.

23833 Flooring Contractors T
See industry description for 238330 below.

238330 Flooring Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting, linoleum, and hardwood flooring. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Carpet, installation only Resilient floor tile or sheet (e.g., linol eum, rubber, vinyl), installation only Floor laying, scraping, finishing, and refinishing Resurfacing hardwood flooring Hardwood flooring, installation only Vinyl flooring contractors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Laying concrete flooring--are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure
Contractors;

 Installing fireproof flooring--are classified in I ndustry 238310, Drywall and Insulation Contractors;

 Installing stone or ceramic floor tile--are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors; and

 Selling and installing carpet and other flooring products as retail establishments--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade.

23834 Tile and Terrazzo Contractors T
See industry description for 238340 below.

238340 Tile and Terrazzo Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in setting and installing ceramic tile, stone (interior only), and mosaic and/or mixing marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job site. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Ceramic tile installation

Mosaic work Mantel, marble or stone, installation Stone flooring installation Marble, granite, and slate, in terior installation contractors Tile (except resilient) laying and setting

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Exterior marble, granite, and slate work--are cla ssified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors;

 Manufacturing precast terrazzo products--are classi fied in Industry 327390, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing; and Installing, without selling resilient floor tile--are cla ssified in Industry 238330, Flooring Contractors.

23835 Finish Carpentry Contractors T
See industry description for 238350 below.

238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in finish carpentry work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Built-in wood cabinets constructed on site Molding or trim, wood or plastic, installation Counter top, residential-type, installation Paneling installation

Door and window frame construction Prefabricated kitchen and bath cabinet, residential-type, installation Garage door, residential-type, installation Ship joinery contractors

Millwork installation Window and door, residential-type, of any material, prefab ricated, installation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing skylights--are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors;

 Framing--are classified in Industry 238130, Framing Contractors; and

 Building custom kitchen and bath cabinets (except free standing) in a shop--are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing.

23839 Other Building Finishing Contractors T
See industry description for 238390 below.

238390 Other Building Finishing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in building finishing trade work (except drywall, plaster, and insulation work; painting and wall covering work; flooring work; tile and terrazzo work; and finish carpentry work). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Bath tub refinishing on site Fabricating metal cabinets or countertops on site Closet organizer system installation Modular furniture system attachment and installation Concrete coating, glazing, or sealing Trade show exhibit installation and dismantling Countertop and cabinet, metal (except residential-type), installation Waterproofing contractors Drapery fixture (e.g., hardware, rods, tracks) installation

Window shade and blind installation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing drywall, plaster, or insulation--are cl assified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation
Contractors; Installing or removing paint or wall coverings--are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors;

 Installing or repairing wood floors, resilient floori ng, and carpet--are classified in Industry 238330, Flooring Contractors;

 Setting tile or performing terrazzo work--are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors;

and

 Finish carpentry--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors.

2389 Other Specialty Trade Contractors T

23891 Site Preparation Contractors T
See industry description for 238910 below.

238910 Site Preparation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in site preparation activities, such as excavating and grading, demolition of buildings and other structures, and sep tic system installation. Earth moving and land clearing for all types of sites (e.g., building, nonbuilding, mining) is included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in construction equipment rental with operator (except cranes) are also included.

Illustrative Examples:

Blasting, building demolition Foundation digging (i.e., excavation) Concrete breaking and cutting for demolition Foundation drilling contractors Cutting new rights of way Grading construction sites Demolition, building and structure Line slashing or cutting (except maintenance) Dewatering contractors Septic system contractors Dirt moving for construction Trenching (except underwater) Equipment rental (except crane), construction, with operator Underground tank (except hazardous) removal Excavating, earthmoving, or land clearing contractors Wrecking, building or other structure

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Earth retention or underwater trenching--are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction;

 Crane rental with operator--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors;

 Overburden removal as an activity prior to mineral re moval from quarries or open pit mines--are classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction;

 Drilling oil and gas field water intake wells--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 213111, Drilling Oil and Gas Wells;

 Dismantling tanks in oil fields--are classified in U. S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations;

 Construction equipment rental without an operator--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery an d Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Tree and brush trimming for overhead utility lines--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services; and

 Nuclear power plant decommissioning and environmental remediation work, such as the removal of underground steel tanks for hazardous materials--are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services.23899 All Other Specia lty Trade Contractors T
See industry description for 238990 below.

238990 All Other Specialty Trade Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in specialized trades (excep t foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors; building equipment contractors; building finishing contractors; and site preparation contractors). The specialty trade wo rk performed includes new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Billboard erection Outdoor swimming pool construction Cleaning building interiors during and immediately after construction Paver, brick (e.g., driveway, patio, sidewalk), installation Crane rental with operator Paving, residential and commercial driveway and parking lot Driveway paving or sealing Sandblasting building exteriors

Fence installation Scaffold erecting and dismantling Interlocking brick and block installation Steeplejack work Manufactured (mobile) home, set up and tie-down

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Foundation, structure, and building exterior work--are classified in Industry Group 2381, Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors;

 Installing, repairing, or maintaining building mechanical systems--are classified in Industry Group 2382, Building Equipment Contractors;

 Finishing buildings--are classified in Industry Group 2383, Building Finishing Contractors;

 Paving public highways, streets, and roads--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

 Construction equipment rental with an operator (except cranes) or preparing land for building construction- -are classified in Industry 2389 10, Site Preparation Contractors;

 Construction equipment rental without an operator--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery an d Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Radon testing--are classified in Industry 541380, Testing Laboratories;

 Power washing and other building exterior cleaning (except sandblasting)--are classified in Industry 561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; and

 Environmental remediation work, such as asbestos abatement--are classified in Industry 562910,

Remediation Services.

## Sector 31-33—Manufacturing T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. The assembling of component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing, except in cases where the activity is appropriately classified in Sector 23, Construction. Establishments in the Manufacturing sector are often de scribed as plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and material s-handling equipment. However, estab lishments that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker's home and those engaged in selling to the general public products made on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries, candy stores, and custom tailors, may also be included in this sector. Manufacturing establishments may process materials or may contract with other establishments to process their materials for them. Both types of establishments are included in manufacturing. The materials, substances, or co mponents transformed by manufacturing esta blishments are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing establishments. The materials used may be purchased directly from producers, obtained through customary trade channels, or secured without recourse to the market by transferring the product from one establishment to another, under the same ownership. The new product of a manufacturing establishment may be finished in the sense that it is ready for utilization or consumption, or it may be semifinished to become an input for an establishment engaged in further manufacturing. For example, the product of the alumina refinery is the input used in the primary production of aluminum; primary aluminum is the input to an aluminum wire drawing plant; and aluminum wire is the input for a fabricated wire product manufacturing establishment.

The subsectors in the Manufacturin g sector generally reflect distinct production processes related to material inputs, production equipment, and employee skills. In the machinery area, where assemb ling is a key activity, parts and accessories for manufactured products are classified in the industry of the finished manufactured item when they are made for separate sale. For example, a replacement refri gerator door would be classified with refrigerators and an attachment for a piece of metal wo rking machinery would be classified with metal work ing machinery. However, components, input from other manufacturing establishments, are classified based on the production function of the component manufacturer. For example, electronic components are classified in Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing and stampi ngs are classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. Manufacturing establishments often perform one or mo re activities that are classified outside the Manufacturing sector of NAICS. For instance, almost all manufact uring has some captive research and development or administrative operations, such as accounting, payroll, or ma nagement. These captive services are treated the same as captive manufacturing activities. When the services are pr ovided by separate establishments, they are classified

to the NAICS sector where such services are primary, not in manufacturing. The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. The establishments in the manufacturing sector are engaged in the transformation of materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are considered manufacturing in NAICS:

Milk bottling and pasteurizing; Grinding of lenses to prescription; Water bottling and processing; Wood preserving; Fresh fish packaging (oyster shucking, Electro plating, plating, metal heat fish filleting); treating, and polishing for the trade ; Apparel jobbing (assigning of materials Lapidary work for the trade; to contract factories or shops for Fabricating signs and advertising displays; fabrication or other contract operations) Rebuilding or remanufacturing as well as contracting on materials owned by others ; machiner y (i.e., automotive parts); Printing and related activities; Ship repair and renovation; Ready-mixed concrete production; Machine shops; and Leather converting; Tire retreading.Conversely, there are activities that are sometimes cons idered manufacturing, but which for NAICS are classified in another sector (i.e., not classi fied as manufacturing). They include:

1. Logging, classified in Sector 11, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, is considered a harvesting operation;

2. The beneficiating of ores and other minerals, classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction, is considered part of the activity of mining;

3. The construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction by contractors, is classified in Sector 23, Construction;

4. Establishments engaged in breaking of bulk and redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging, or bottling products, such as liquors or chemicals; the cust omized assembly of computers; sorting of scrap; mixing paints to customer order; and cutting metals to customer or der, classified in Sector 42 , Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, produce a modified version of the same product, not a new product; and

5. Publishing and the combined activity of publishing and printing, classified in Sector 51, Information, perform the transformation of information into a product whereas the value of the product to the consumer lies in the information content, not in the format in which it is distributed (i.e., the book or software diskette).

311 Food Manufacturing T

Industries in the Food Manufacturing subsector transf orm livestock and agricultural products into products for intermediate or final consumption. The industry groups are distinguished by the raw materials (generally of animal or vegetable origin) processed into food products. The food products manufactured in these establishmen ts are typically sold to wholesalers or retailers for distribution to consumers, but establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing bakery and candy products made on the premises not for immediate consumption are included. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing beverages are classified in Subsector 312, Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing.

3111 Animal Food Manufacturing T

31111 Animal Food Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food and feed for animals from ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Slaughtering animals for feed--are cl assified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

 Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for animals--a re classified in Industr y 32541, Pharm aceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

311111 Dog and Cat Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dog and cat food from ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing food for animals (except dog and cat)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311119, Other Animal Food Manufacturing;

 Slaughtering animals for feed--are cl assified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for dogs and cats- -are classified in Indu stry 32541, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

311119 Other Animal Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing animal food (except dog and cat) from ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing dog and cat foods--are classified in U.S. Industry 311111, Dog and Cat Food Manufacturing;

 Slaughtering animals for feed--are cl assified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

 Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for animals--a re classified in Industr y 32541, Pharm aceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling T

31121 Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) milling flour or meal from grains or vegetables; (2) preparing flour mixes or doughs from flour milled in the same establishment; (3) milling, cleaning, and polishing rice; and (4) manufacturing malt from barley, rye, or other grains.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing breakfast cereals from flour milled in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 31123, Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing;

 Crushing soybeans or wet milling corn and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing prepared flour mixes or doughs from flour ground elsewhere--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

 Brewing malt beverages--are classified in Industry 31212, Breweries;

 Mixing purchased dried and dehydrated ingredients with purchased rice--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased rice--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; and

 Manufacturing malt extract and syrups--are classi fied in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing.

311211 Flour Milling

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) milling flour or meal from grains (except rice) or vegetables and/or (2) milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing breakfast cereals from flour milled in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 311230, Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing prepared flour mixes or doughs from flour ground elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 311824, Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour;

 Milling rice or cleaning and polishing rice--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling;

 Wet milling corn and vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling; and

 Crushing soybean and extracting soybean oil--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 311224, Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing.311212 Rice Milling

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in one of the following: (1) milling rice; (2) cleaning and polishing rice; or (3) milling, cleaning, and polishing rice. The establishments in this industry may package the rice they mill with other ingredients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; and

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

311213 Malt Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing malt from barley, rye, or other grains.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Brewing malt beverages--are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries; and

 Manufacturing malt extract and syr ups--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing.

31122 Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) wet milling corn and vegetables; (2) crushing oilseeds and tree nuts; (3) refining and/or blending vegetable oils; (4) manufacturing shortening and margarine; and (5) blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming;

 Milling flour or meal from grains and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

 Wet milling corn to produce nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Rendering or refining animal fats and oils--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

 Manufacturing laundry starches--are classified in Industry 32561, Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing.

311221 Wet Corn Milling

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in wet milling corn and other vegetables (except to make ethyl alcohol). Examples of products made in thes e establishments are corn sweeteners, such as glucose, dextrose, and fructose; corn oil; and starches (except laundry).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Refining and/or blending corn oil from purchased oils--are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending; Manufacturing sweetening syrups from corn syrup and st arch base dessert powders- -are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming;

 Milling (except wet milling) corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling;

 Wet milling corn to produce nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing laundry starches--are classified in U.S. Industry 325612, Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing.

311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in crushing oilseeds and tree nuts, such as soybeans, cottonseeds, linseeds, peanuts, and sunflower seeds. Examples of products produced in these

establishments are oilseed o ils, cakes, meals, and protein isolates and concentrates.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Wet milling corn and other vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling; and

 Refining and/or blending vegetable, oilseed, and tree nut oils from purchased oils--are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending.

311225 Fats and Oils Refining and Blending

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing shortening and margarine from purchased fats and oils; (2) refining and/or blending vegetable, oilseed, and tree nut oils from purchased oils; and (3) blending purchased animal fats with purchased vegetable fats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Refining and/or blending corn oil made by wet corn milling--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

 Refining and/or blending oilseeds and tree nuts in crushing mills--are classified in U.S. Industry 311224, Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; and

 Rendering or refining animal fats and oils--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing.

31123 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing T
See industry description for 311230 below.

311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing breakfast cereal foods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing nonchocolate-coated granola bars and other types of breakfast bars--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing chocolate-coated granola bars from purchased chocolate--are classified in U.S. Industry 311352, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate;

 Manufacturing chocolate-coated gran ola bars from cacao beans--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 311351, Chocolate and Confectionery Manuf acturing from Cacao Beans; and

 Manufacturing coffee substitutes from grain--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing.3113 Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises (1) establishments that process agricultural inputs, su ch as sugarcane, beet, and cacao, to give rise to a new product (s ugar or chocolate), and (2) those that begin with sugar and chocolate and process these further.

31131 Sugar Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing raw sugar, liquid sugar, and refined sugar from sugarcane, raw cane sugar and sugar beets.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming; and

 Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i .e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients)--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical Manufacturing.

311313 Beet Sugar Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing refined beet sugar from sugar

beets.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing raw cane sugar and/or refined cane sugar--are classified in U.S. Industry 311314, Cane Sugar Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming; and

 Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i .e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients)--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical Manufacturing.

311314 Cane Sugar Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) processing sugarcane and/or (2) refining cane sugar from raw cane sugar.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing beet sugar--are classified in U. S. Industry 311313, Beet Sugar Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming;

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i .e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients)--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical Manufacturing.

31134 Nonchocolate Conf ectionery Manufacturing T
See industry description for 311340 below.

311340 Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonchocolate confectioneries. Included in this industry are establishments primarily enga ged in retailing nonchocolate confectionery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing chocolate confectione ries from cacao beans--are classi fied in U.S. I ndustry 311351, Chocolate and Confectionery Manu facturing from Cacao Beans;

 Manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from chocolate made elsewhere--a re classified in U.S. Industry 311352, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate;

 Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores;

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and

 Roasting, salting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts an d seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 311911, Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing.

31135 Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing chocolate and chocolate confectioneries from cacao beans, or (2) manufacturing chocolate confecti oneries from chocolate produced elsewhere. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing chocolate confectionery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from chocolate made elsewhere.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, nonchoc olate confectioneries--are classified in Industry 31134, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

 Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores; and

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places.

311351 Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in shelling, roasting, and grinding cacao beans and making chocolate cacao products and chocolate confectioneries.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, chocol ate confectioneries from chocolate made elsewhere- -are classified in U.S. Industry 311352, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate;

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, nonchocolate candies--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores.

311352 Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing ch ocolate confectioneries from chocolate produced elsewhere. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing chocolate confectionery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from chocolate made elsewhere.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing chocolate confectione ries from cacao beans--are classi fied in U.S. I ndustry 311351, Chocolate and Confectionery Manu facturing from Cacao Beans;

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, nonchoc olate confectioneries--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

 Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; and

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars.

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing T

This industry group includes (1) establishments that fr eeze food and (2) those that us e preservation processes, such as pickling, canning, and dehydrating. Both types begin their production process with inputs of vegetable or animal origin.

31141 Frozen Food Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fruit, frozen juices, frozen vegetables, and frozen specialty foods (except seafood), su ch as frozen dinners, entrees, and side dishes; frozen pizza; frozen whipped toppi ngs; and frozen waffles, pancakes, and french toast.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing frozen dairy specialties--are classifi ed in Industry 31152, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing frozen seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging; and

 Manufacturing frozen meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing.

311411 Frozen Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fruits; frozen vegetables; and frozen fruit juices, ades, drin ks, cocktail mixes and concentrates.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen specialty foods are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen Specialty Fo od Manufacturing.

311412 Frozen Specialty Food ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen specialty foods (except seafood), such as frozen dinners, entr ees, and side dishes; frozen pizza; frozen whipped topping; and frozen waffles, pancakes, and french toast.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing frozen dairy specialties--are classifi ed in Industry 311520, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing frozen fruits, frozen fruit juices, and frozen vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311411, Frozen Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing frozen meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

 Manufacturing frozen seafood products--are classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging.

31142 Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing canned, pickled, and dried fruits, vegetables, and specialty foods. Establishments in this industry may package the dried or dehydrated ingredients they make with other purchased ingredients. Examples of products made by these establishments are canned juices; canned baby foods; canned soups (except seafood); canned dry beans; canned tomato-based sauces, such as catsup, salsa, chili, spaghetti, barbeque, and tomato paste, pickles, relishes, jams and jellies, dried soup mixes and bullions,

and sauerkraut.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing canned dairy products--are classified in Industry 31151, Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing canned seafood soups and seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

 Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

 Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients or manufacturing vegetable flours and meals--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potatoes, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other purchased ingredients; mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon; and manufacturing canned puddings--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing canned fruit and vegetable drinks, cocktails, and ades--are classified in Industry 31211, Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing.

311421 Fruit and Vegetable Canning

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing canned, pickled, and brined fruits and vegetables. Examples of products made in these establishments are canned juices; canned jams and jellies; canned tomato-based sauces, such as catsup, salsa, chili, spaghetti, barbeque, and tomato paste; pickles, relishes, and sauerkraut.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing canned baby foods, canned soups (except seafood), and canned specialty foods (except seafood)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

 Manufacturing canned seafood soups and canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

 Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

 Manufacturing canned fruit and vegetable drinks, cocktails, and ades--are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft Drink Manufacturing.

311422 Specialty Canning

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing canned specialty foods. Examples of products made in these establishments are canned baby food, canned baked beans, canned soups (except seafood), canned spaghetti, and other canned nationality foods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing canned dairy products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing canned fruits, canned vegetables, and canned juices--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning;

 Manufacturing canned seafood soups and canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

 Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

 Manufacturing canned puddings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

311423 Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) drying (inc luding freeze-dried) and/or dehydrating fruits, vegetables, and soup mixes and bouillon and/or (2) drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients, such as rice and dry pasta.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling;

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311824, Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour;

 Manufacturing vegetable flours and meals--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling;

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potatoes, rice, and dry pasta, and packaging them with other purchased ingredients, and mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes --are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing.

3115 Dairy Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments that manufacture dairy products from raw milk, processed milk, and dairy substitutes.

31151 Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing dairy products (except frozen) from raw milk and/or pro cessed milk products; (2) manufacturing dairy substitutes(except frozen) from soybeans and other nondairy substances; and (3) manufacturing dry, condensed, concentrated, and evaporated dairy and dairy substitute products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing cheese-based salad dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing margarine or margar ine-butter blends--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing frozen whipped toppings--are classified in Industry 31141, Frozen Food Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing ice cream, frozen yogurt, and other frozen dairy desserts--are classified in Industry 31152,

Ice Cream and Frozen De ssert Manufacturing.

311511 Fluid Milk Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) manufacturing processed milk products, such as pasteurized milk or cream and sour cream and/or (2) manufacturing fluid milk dairy substitutes from soybeans and other nondairy substances.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing dry mix whipped toppings, canned milk, a nd ultra high temperature milk--are classified in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing frozen whipped toppings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing ice cream and frozen yog urt and other frozen desserts--are classified in Industry 311520, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing.

311512 Creamery Butter Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturin g creamery butter from milk and/or processed milk products.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing marg arine or margarine-butter ble nds are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending.

311513 Cheese Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in (1) manufact uring cheese products (except cottage cheese) from raw milk and/or processed milk pr oducts and/or (2) manufacturing cheese substitutes from soybean and other nondairy substances.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing cheese-based salad dressings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing cottage cheese--are classified in U. S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing.

311514 Dry, Condensed, and Evaporat ed Dairy Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing dry, condensed, and evaporated milk and dairy substitute products.Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid milk products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing creamery butter--are classified in U. S. Industry 311512, Creamery Butter Manufacturing;

and

 Manufacturing cheese products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311513, Cheese Manufacturing.

31152 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing T
See industry description for 311520 below.

311520 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ice cream, frozen yogurts, frozen ices, sherbets, frozen tofu, and other frozen desserts (except bakery products).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing ice cream and ice milk mixes--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing.

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing T

31161 Animal Slaughtering and Processing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) slaughtering animals; (2) preparing processed meats and meat byproducts; and (3) rendering and/or refining animal fat, bones, and meat scraps. This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in assembly cutting and packing of meats (i.e., boxed meats) from purchased carcasses.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing canned meat for baby food--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

 Manufacturing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses --are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

 Blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods c ontaining meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, pizza, egg rolls) and frozen dinners--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing;

 Drying, freezing, or breaking eggs--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and

 Cutting meat (except boxed meat)--are classified in Industry 42447, M eat and Meat Product Merchant

Wholesalers.

311611 Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game). Establishments that slaughter and pr epare meats are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Processing meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats--are classified in U.S. Industry 311612 , Meat Processed from Carcasses; Slaughtering and/or processing poultry and small game--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry Processing;

 Rendering lard and other animal fats and oils, animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing; and

 Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods c ontaining meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners--are classified in Indust ry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing.

311612 Meat Processed from Carcasses

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in processing or preserving meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased m eats. This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in assembly cutting and packing of me ats (i.e., boxed meats) from purchased meats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game)--a re classified in U.S. Industry 311611, Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering;

 Slaughtering poultry and small game--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry Processing;

 Rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing;

 Manufacturing canned meats for baby food--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

 Manufacturing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses --are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods c ontaining meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners--are classified in Indust ry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

 Cutting meat (except boxed meat)--are classified in Industry 424470, Meat and Meat Product Merchant

Wholesalers.

311613 Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending.

311615 Poultry Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) slaughtering poultry and small game and/or (2) preparing processed poultry and small game meat and meat byproducts.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game) and/or preparing meats--are classified in U.S. Industry 311611, Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering;

 Preparing meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats--are classified in U.S. Industry 311612, Meat Processed from Carcasses;

 Rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing;

 Canning poultry and small game for baby food--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

 Producing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses--a re classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food Manufacturing; Manufacturing canned and frozen meat products, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners--are cla ssified in Industry Group 3114, Fr uit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

 Drying, freezing, and breaking eggs--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 3 11999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

3117 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging T

31171 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging T
See industry description for 311710 below.

311710 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) canning seafood (including soup); (2) smoking, salting, and drying seafood; (3) eviscerating fresh fish by removing heads, fins, scales, bones, and entrails; (4) shucking and packing fresh shellfish; (5) processing marine fats and oils; and (6) freezing seafood. Establishments known as "floating factor y ships" that are engaged in the gathering and processing of seafood into canned seafood products are included in this industry.

3118 Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing T

31181 Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh and frozen bread and other bakery products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers --are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places;

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores; and

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing.

311811 Retail Bakeries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing bread and other bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from prepared dough.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores;

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Manufacturing fresh or frozen bread s and other fresh bakery (except cookies and crackers) products--are classified in U.S. Industry 3 11812, Commercial Bakeries; and

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers --are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing.

311812 Commercial BakeriesThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing fresh and frozen bread and bread-type rolls and other fresh bakery (except cookies and crackers) products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing bread and other bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from prepared dough--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries;

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products (except bread)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing;

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores;

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers --are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food Manufacturing.

311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen bakery products (except bread), such as cakes, pies, and doughnuts.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing frozen breads--are classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries;

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from prepared dough--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries;

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers --are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing; and

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores.

31182 Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) manufacturing cookies and crackers; (2) preparing flour and dough mixes and dough from flour ground elsewhere; and (3) manufacturing dry pasta. The establishments in this industry may package the dry pasta they manufacture with other ingredients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places;

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores;

 Manufacturing bakery products (e.g., bread, cookies, pies)--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing;

 Milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing canned pasta specialties--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

 Manufacturing fresh pasta--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing; Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased dry pasta--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased dry pasta--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying.

311821 Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cookies, crackers, and other products, such as ice cream cones.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores;

 Manufacturing bakery products (e.g., breads, cookies, pies)--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food Manufacturing.

311824 Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in (1) manufacturing dry pasta and/or (2) manufacturing prepared flour mixes or dough from flour ground elsewhere. The establishments in this industry may package the dry pasta they manuf acture with other ingredients.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs--are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling;

 Manufacturing fresh pasta--are classified in U.S. Industry 311991, Perishable Prepared Food
Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pasta specialties--are classified in In dustry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and
Specialty Food Manufacturing;

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased dry pasta--are classified in U.S.
Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients packaged with purchased dry pasta--are classified in U.S. Industry
311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing.

31183 Tortilla Manufacturing T
See industry description for 311830 below.

311830 Tortilla Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing tortillas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing canned nationality foods using tortillas--a re classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

 Manufacturing frozen nationality foods using tortillas--a re classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing tortilla chips--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food Manufacturing.3119 Other Food Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserved fruit, vegetable, and specialty foods; dairy products; meat products; seafood products; and bakeries and tortillas). The industry group includes industries with different production processes, such as snack food manufacturing; coffee and tea manufacturing; concentrate, syrup, condiment, and spice manufacturing; and, in general, an entire range of other miscellaneous food product manufacturing.

31191 Snack Food Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts; (2) processing grains or seeds into snacks; (3) manufacturing peanut butter; and (4) manufacturing potato chips, corn chips, popped popcorn, pretzels (except soft), pork rinds, and similar snacks.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing crackers--are classi fied in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing unpopped popcorn--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing chocolate or candy-coated nuts and candy-covered popcorn--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing soft pretzels--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing.

311911 Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in one or more of the following: (1) salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts; (2) processing grains or seeds into snacks; and (3) manufacturing peanut

butter.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chocolate or candy-coated nuts and candy-covered popcorn are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing.

311919 Other Snack Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing snack foods (except roasted nuts and peanut butter).

Illustrative Examples:

Corn chips and related corn snacks manufacturing Popped popcorn (except candy-covered) manufacturing Pork rinds manufacturing Potato chips manufacturing Pretzels (except soft) manufacturing Tortilla chips manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers --are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing candy covered popcorn and nonchocolate granola bars--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing; Salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts and seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 311911, Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing unpopped popcorn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing soft pretzels--are classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries.

31192 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing T
See industry description for 311920 below.

311920 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in one or more of the following: (1) roasting coffee; (2) manufacturing coffee and tea concentrates (including instan t and freeze-dried); (3) blendi ng tea; (4) manufacturing herbal tea; and (5) manufacturing coff ee extracts, flavorings, and syrups.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in bottling and canning iced tea are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft Drink Manufacturing.

31193 Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing T
See industry description for 311930 below.

311930 Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing flavoring syrup drink concentrates and related products for soda fountain use or for the manufacture of soft drinks.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing chocolate syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311351, Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans;

 Manufacturing flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat) and natural food colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coffee extracts--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Indu stry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

 Manufacturing powdered drink mixes (except coffee, tea, chocolate, or milk-based) and table syrup from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming; and

 Manufacturing natural nonfood colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing.

31194 Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing dressings and sauces, such as mayonnaise, salad dressing, vinegar, mustard, horseradish, soy sauce, tarter sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and other prepared sauces (except tomato-based and gravies); (2) manufacturing spices, table salt, seasoning, and flavorin g extracts (except coffee and meat), and natu ral food colorings; and (3) manufacturing dry mix food preparations, such as salad dressing mixes, gravy and sauce mixes, frosting mixes, and other dry mix preparations.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing catsup and other tomato-based sauces--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potato, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other purchased ingredients, and manufacturing prepared frosting--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients for dry soup mi xes and bouillon--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredient s for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial salts--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing flavoring syrups (except coffee-based syrups)--are classified in Industry 31193, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrat e Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing synthetic food colorings--are classified in Industry 32513, Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coffee extracts--are classified in Industry 31192, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

 Manufacturing gravies--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing.

311941 Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Othe r Prepared Sauce Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mayonnaise, salad dressing, vinegar, mustard, horseradish, soy sauce, tarter sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and other prepared sauces (except tomato-based and gravy).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing catsup and similar toma to-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning;

 Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes --are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing gravies--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing sp ices, table salt, seasonings, flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat), and natural food colorings and/or (2) manufacturing dry mix food preparations, such as salad dressing mixes, gravy and sa uce mixes, frosting mixes, and other dry mix preparations.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing catsup and other tomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning;

 Manufacturing mayonnaise, dressings, and prepared nontomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial salts--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing;

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredient s for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; Manufacturing flavoring syrups (except coffee-based syrups)--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrat e Manufacturing;

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potato, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other purchased ingredients, and manufacturing prepared frosting--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coffee extracts and/or coffee-based syru ps--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Indu stry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

 Manufacturing synthetic food colorings--are classified in Industry 325130, Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing.

31199 All Other Food Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserve d fruits, vegetables, and specialties; dairy products; meat products; seafood products; bakeries and tortillas; snack foods; coffee and tea; flavoring syrups and concentrates; seasonings; and dressings). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients including those mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup

mixes and bouillon.

Illustrative Examples:

Baking powder manufacturing Cut or peeled fresh vegetables manufacturing Dessert puddings manufacturing Egg substitutes manufacturing Fresh pasta manufacturing Fresh pizza manufacturing Honey processing Popcorn (except popped) manufacturing Powdered drink mixes (except chocolate, coffee, tea, or milk based) manufacturing Sweetening syrups (except pure maple) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing animal foods--are classified in Industry Group 3111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

 Milling grain and oilseed--are classified in Industry Group 3112, Grain and Oilseed Milling;

 Manufacturing sugar and confectionery products--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing;

 Preserving fruit, vegetables, and specialty foods--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dairy products--are classified in Industry Group 3115, Dairy Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing meat products--are classified in Industry Group 3116, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

 Manufacturing seafood products--are classified in Industry Group 3117, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

 Manufacturing bakery and tortilla products--are classi fied in Industry Group 3118, Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing snack foods--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coffee and tea--are classified in Industry 31192, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing flavoring syrups and concentrates (except coffee-based)--are classified in Industry 31193, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing seasonings and dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing; Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--a re classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing; and

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying.

311991 Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing perish able prepared foods, such as salads, sandwiches, prepared meals, fresh pi zza, fresh pasta, and peeled or cut vegetables.

311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; pres erved fruits, vegetables, and specialties; dairy products; meat products; seafood products; bakeries and tortillas; snack foods; coffee and tea; flavoring syrups and concentrates; seasonings and dressings; and perishable prep ared food). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients including those mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon.

Illustrative Examples:

Baking powder manufacturing Cake frosting, prepared, manufacturing Dessert puddings manufacturing Egg substitutes manufacturing Gelatin dessert preparations manufacturing Popcorn (except popped) manufacturing Honey processing Powdered drink mixes (except chocolate, coffee, tea, or milk based) manufacturing Sweetening syrups (except pure maple) manufacturing Yeast manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing animal foods--are classified in Industry Group 3111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

 Milling grain and oilseed--are classified in Industry Group 3112, Grain and Oilseed Milling;

 Manufacturing sugar and confectionery products--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing;

 Preserving fruit, vegetable, and specialty foods--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dairy products--are classified in Industry Group 3115, Dairy Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing meat products--are classified in Industry Group 3116, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

 Manufacturing seafood products--are classified in Industry Group 3117, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

 Manufacturing bakery and tortilla products--are classi fied in Industry Group 3118, Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing snack foods--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coffee and tea--are classified in Industry 31192, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing flavoring syrups and concentrates (except coffee-based)--are classified in Industry 31193, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing seasonings and dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing; Manufacturing perishable prepared foods--are classified in U.S. Industry 311991, Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing;

 Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling;

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311824, Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour; and

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing.

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing T

Industries in the Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture beverages and tobacco products. The industry group, Beverage Manufacturing, includes three types of establishments: (1) those that manufacture nonalcoholic beverages; (2) those that manufacture alcoholic beverages through the fermentation process; and (3) those that produce distilled alcoholic be verages. Ice manufacturing, while not a beverage, is included with nonalcoholic beverage manufacturing because it uses the same production process as water purification. In the case of activities related to the manufacture of beverages, the structure follows the defined production processes. Brandy, a distilled beverage, was not placed un der distillery product manufacturing, but rather under the NAICS class for winery product manufacturing since the production process used in the manufacturing of alcoholic grape-based beverages produces both wines (ferment ed beverage) and brandies (distilled beverage). The industry group, Tobacco Manufacturing, includes two types of establishments: (1) those engaged in redrying and stemming tobacco and, (2) those that manufacture tobacco products, such as cigarettes and cigars.

3121 Beverage Manufacturing T

31211 Soft Drink an d Ice Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing soft drinks; (2) manufacturing ice; and (3) purifying and bottling water.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Canning fruit and vegetable juices--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

 Manufacturing soft drink bases--are classified in Industry 31193, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic cider--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dry ice--are classified in Industry 32512, Industrial Gas Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing milk-based drinks-- are classified in Indu stry 31151, Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic beers--are cl assified in Industry 31212, Breweries;

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic wines--are classified in Industry 31213, Wineries; and

 Bottling purchased purified water--are classified in Industry 42449, Other Grocery and Related Products

Merchant Wholesalers.

312111 Soft Drink Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing soft drinks and artificially

carbonated waters.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Canning fruit and vegetable juices--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning; Manufacturing fruit syrups for flavoring--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic cider--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing;

 Purifying and bottling water (except artificially carbona ted and flavored water)--a re classified in U.S. Industry 312112, Bottled Water Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing milk-based drinks--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 3 11511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic beers--are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries; and

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic wines--are classified in Industry 312130, Wineries.

312112 Bottled Water Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in purifying and bottling water (including naturally carbonated).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing artificially carbonate d waters--are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft Drink Manufacturing; and

 Bottling purchased purified water--are classified in Industry 424490, Ot her Grocery and Related Products

Merchant Wholesalers.

312113 Ice Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishm ents primarily engaged in manufacturing ice.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dr y ice are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing.

31212 Breweries T
See industry description for 312120 below.

312120 Breweries

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in brewing beer, ale, malt liquors, and nonalcoholic

beer.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Bottling purchased malt beverages--are classified in Industry 424810, Beer and Ale Merchant Wholesalers;

and

 Manufacturing malt--are classified in U.S. Industry 311213, Malt Manufacturing.

31213 Wineries T
See industry description for 312130 below.

312130 Wineries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in one or more of the following: (1) growing grapes and manufacturing wines and brandies; (2) manufacturing wines and brandies from grapes and other fruits grown elsewhere; and (3) blending wines and brandies.

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in bottling purchased wines are classified in Industry 424820, Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers.

31214 Distilleries T
See industry description for 312140 below.

312140 Distilleries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) distilling potable liquors (except brandies); (2) distilling and blending liquors; and (3) blending and mixing liquors and other ingredients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing;

 Bottling liquors made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 424820, Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Manufacturing brandies--are classi fied in Industry 312130, Wineries.

3122 Tobacco Manufacturing T

31223 Tobacco Manufacturing See industry description for 312230 below.

312230 Tobacco Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) the stemming and redrying of tobacco and/or (2) manufacturing cigarettes or other tobacco products.

Illustrative Examples:

Chewing tobacco manufacturing Cigar manufacturing Cigarettes manufacturing Snuff manufacturing Prepared pipe tobacco manufacturing Tobacco leaf pro cessing and aging

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling leaf tobacco as merchant wh olesalers that also engage in st emming tobacco--are classified in Industry 424940, Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Selling leaf tobacco as agents or br okers that also engage in stemming tobacco--are classifi ed in Industry 425120, Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers.

313 Textile Mills T

Industries in the Textile Mills subsector group establis hments that transform a basic fiber (natural or synthetic) into a product, such as yarn or fabric that is further manu factured into usable items, such as apparel, sheets, towels, and textile bags for individual or industrial consumption. The further manufacturing may be performed in the same establishment and classified in this subsector, or it may be performed at a separate establishment and be classified elsewhere in manufacturing. The main processes in this subsector include preparatio n and spinning of fiber, knitting or weaving of fabric, and the finishing of the textile. The NAICS structure follows an d captures this process flow. Major industries in thisflow, such as preparation of fibers, w eaving of fabric, knitting of fabric, and fiber and fabric finishing, are uniquely identified. Texturizing, throwing, twisting, and winding of yarn contains aspects of both fiber preparation and fiber finishing and is classified with preparation of fibers rather than with finishing of fiber. NAICS separates the manufacturing of primary textiles an d the manufacturing of textile products (except apparel) when the textile product is produced from purchased primar y textiles, such as fabric. The manufacturing of textile products (except apparel) from purchased fabric is classi fied in Subsector 314, Textile Product Mills, and apparel from purchased fabric is classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing.

Excluded from this subsector are establishments that weave or knit fabric and make garments. These establishments are included in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing.

3131 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills T

31311 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills T
See industry description for 313110 below.

313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in one or more of the following: (1) spinning yarn; (2) manufacturing thread of any fiber; (3) texturizing, throwing, twisting, and winding purchased yarn or manmade fiber filaments; and (4) producing hemp yarn and further processing into rope or bags.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments and texturizing

these filaments are classified in Indu stry 325220, Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing.

3132 Fabric Mills T

31321 Broadwoven Fabric Mills T
See industry description for 313210 below.

313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in weaving broadwoven fabrics and felts (except tire fabrics and rugs). Establishments in this industry may weave only, weave and finish, or weave, finish, and further fabricate fabric products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Weaving widths specifically constructed for cutting to narrow widths--are classified in Industry 313220, Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery;

 Weaving or tufting carpet and r ugs--are classified in Industry 314110, Carpet and Rug Mills; and

 Making tire cord and tire fabrics--are classified in U. S. Industry 314994, Rope, Cordage, Twine, Tire Cord,

and Tire Fabric Mills.

31322 Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery T
See industry description for 313220 below.

313220 Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) weaving or braiding narrow fabrics in their final form or initially made in wider widths that are specially constructed for narrower widths; (2) making fabric-covered elastic yarn and thread; and (3) manufacturing Schiffli machine embroideries. Establishments in this industry may weav e only; weave and finish; or weave, finish, and further fabricate fabric products.31323 Nonwoven Fabric Mills T
See industry description for 313230 below.

313230 Nonwoven Fabric Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonwoven fabrics and felts. Processes used include bonding and/or interlocking fibers by m echanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means, or by

combinations thereof.

31324 Knit Fabric Mills T
See industry description for 313240 below.

313240 Knit Fabric Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in one of the following: (1) knitting weft (i.e., circular) and warp (i.e., flat) fabric; (2) knitting and finishing we ft and warp fabric; (3) manufacturing lace; or (4) manufacturing, dyeing, and finishing l ace and lace goods. Establishments in this industry may knit only; knit and finish; or knit, finish, and further fabricate fabric products (except apparel).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in knitting appare l are classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting

Mills.

3133 Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills T

31331 Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills T
See industry description for 313310 below.

313310 Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily enga ged in finishing of textiles, fabrics, and apparel, and (2) establishments of converters who buy fabric goods in the grey , have them finished on cont ract, and sell at wholesale. Finishing operations include: bleaching, dyeing, printing (e.g., roller, screen, flock, pli sse), stonewashing, and other mechanical finishing, such as preshr inking, shrinking, sponging, calendering, mercerizing, and napping; as well as cleaning, scouring, and the preparation of natural fibers and raw stock.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Coating or impregnating fabrics--are classifi ed in Industry 313320, Fabric Coating Mills;

 Knitting or knitting and finishing fabric--are cla ssified in Industry 313240, Knit Fabric Mills;

 Manufacturing and finishing apparel--are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing;

 Weaving and finishing fabrics --are classified in Industry Group 3132, Fabric Mills;

 Manufacturing and finishing rugs and carpets--are cla ssified in Industry 314110, Carpet and Rug Mills; and

 Printing on apparel--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing.

31332 Fabric Coating Mills T
See industry description for 313320 below.

313320 Fabric Coating Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in coating, laminating, varnishing, waxing, and rubberizing textiles and apparel.

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in dyeing and finish ing textiles are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills.

314 Textile Product Mills T

Industries in the Textile Product Mills subsector group es tablishments that make textile products (except apparel). With a few exceptions, processes used in these industries are generally cut and sew (i.e., purchasing fabric and cutting and sewing to make nonapparel textile products, such as sheets and towels).

3141 Textile Furnishings Mills T

31411 Carpet and Rug Mills T
See industry description for 314110 below.

314110 Carpet and Rug Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing woven, tufted, and other carpets and rugs, such as art squares, floor mattings, needlepunc h carpeting, and door mats and mattings, from textile materials or from twisted paper, grasses, reeds, sisal, jute, or rags and/or (2) finishing carpets and rugs.

31412 Curtain and Linen Mills T
See industry description for 314120 below.

314120 Curtain and Linen Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing household textile products, such as curtains, draperies, linens, bedspreads, sheets, tablecloths , towels, and shower curtains , from purchased materials. The household textile products may be made on a stock or custom basis for sale to individual retail customers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Weaving broadwoven fabrics--are classified in Industry 313210, Broadwoven Fabric Mills;

 Manufacturing lace curtains on lace machines--are classified in Industry 313240, Knit Fabric Mills;

 Manufacturing textile blanket, wardrobe, and laundry ba gs--are classified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag and Canvas Mills; and

 Manufacturing mops--are classified in U.S. Industry 339994, Broom, Brush, and Mop Manufacturing.

3149 Other Textile Product Mills T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in making textile products (except carpets and rugs, curtains and draperies, and other househol d textile products) from purchased materials.

31491 Textile Bag and Canvas Mills T
See industry description for 314910 below.

314910 Textile Bag and Canvas Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing textile bags or other canvas and canvas-like products, such as awnings, sails, tarpaulins, and tents from purchased textile fabrics or yarns.

Illustrative Examples:

Covers (e.g., boat, swimming pool, truck) made from purchased fabrics Laundry bags made from purchased woven or knitted materials Seed bags made from purchased woven or knitted materialsTextile bags made from purchased woven or knitted materials

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastic bags--are classified in U.S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing canvas blinds and shades--are classified in Industry 337920, Blind and Shade Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing women's handbags and purses of leat her or other material (except precious metal)--are classified in U.S. Industry 316992, Women’s Handbag and Purse Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing luggage--are classified in U.S. Indus try 316998, All Other Leather Good and Allied Product Manufacturing.

31499 All Other Textile Product Mills T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing nonapparel textile products (except carpet, rugs, curtains, linens, bags, and canvas products) from purchased materials. This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in decorative stitching such as embroidery or other art needlework on textile products, including apparel.

Illustrative Examples:

Batts and batting (except nonwoven fabrics) manufacturing Carpet cutting and binding Diapers (except disposable) made from purchased materials Embroidering on textile products or apparel for the trade Fishing nets made from purchased materials Ropes (except wire rope) manufacturing Sleeping bags manufacturing Tire cord and fabric, all materials, manufacturing Twines manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing yarns and thread--are classified in Industry 31311, Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills;

 Manufacturing carpets and rugs--are classified in Industry 31411, Carpet and Rug Mills;

 Manufacturing apparel--are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing curtains and linens--are classified in Industry 31412, Curtain and Linen Mills; and

 Manufacturing textile bags and canvas products--are cl assified in Industry 31491, Textile Bag and Canvas

Mills.

314994 Rope, Cordage, Twine, Tire Cord, and Tire Fabric Mills

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing ro pe, cable, cordage, twine, and related products from all materials (e.g., abaca, sisa l, henequen, cotton, paper, jute, flax, manmade fibers including glass) and/or (2) manufacturing cord and fabric of polyester, rayon, cotton, glass, steel, or other materials for use in reinforcing rubber tires, industrial belting, and similar uses.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in spinning yarns and filaments are classified in Industry 313110, Fiber, Yarn,

and Thread Mills.

314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product MillsThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing textile products (except carpets and rugs; curtains and linens; textile bags and canvas pr oducts; rope, cordage, and twine; and tire cords and tire fabrics) from purchased materials. These establis hments may further embellish the textile products they manufacture with decorative stitching. Establishments prim arily engaged in adding decorative stitching such as embroidery or other art needlework on textile products, includi ng apparel, on a contract or fee basis for the trade, are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Batts and batting (except nonwoven fabrics) manufacturing Embroidering on textile products or apparel for the trade Fishing nets made from purchased materials Carpet cutting and binding Sleeping bags manufacturing Diapers (except disposable) made from purchased materials Textile fire hoses made from purchased materials Dust cloths made from purchased fabric Weatherstripping made from purchased textiles

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing yarns and thread--are classified in Industry 313110, Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills;

 Manufacturing carpets and rugs--are classified in Industry 314110, Carpet and Rug Mills;

 Manufacturing curtains and linens--are classified in Industry 314120, Curtain and Linen Mills;

 Manufacturing textile bags and canvas products--are cl assified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag and Canvas Mills; and

 Manufacturing rope, cordage, twine, tire cord, and tire fabrics--are classified in U.S. Industry 314994, Rope, Cordage, Twine, Tire Cord, and Tire Fabric Mills.

315 Apparel Manufacturing T

Industries in the Apparel Manufacturing subsector group establishments with two distinct manufacturing processes: (1) cut and sew (i.e., purchasing fabric and cutting and sewing to make a garment), and (2) the manufacture of garments in establishments that first knit fabr ic and then cut and sew the fabric into a garment. The Apparel Manufacturing subsector includes a diverse range of establishments manufacturing full lines of ready-towear apparel and custom apparel: apparel contractors, pe rforming cutting or sewing operations on materials owned by others; jobbers performing entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture; and tailors, manufacturing custom garments for individual clients are all included. Kn itting, when done alone, is classified in the Textile Mills subsector, but when knitting is combined with the production of complete garments, the activity is classified in Apparel Manufacturing.

3151 Apparel Knitting Mills T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in knitting apparel or knitting fabric and then manufacturing apparel. This industry group includes jo bbers performing entrepreneurial functions involved in knitting apparel and accessories. Knitting fabric, without manuf acturing apparel, is cla ssified in Subsector 313,

Textile Mills.

31511 Hosiery and Sock Mills T
See industry description for 315110 below.

315110 Hosiery and Sock Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in knitting or knitting and finishing hosiery and socks.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing orthopedic hosiery--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113 , Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing slipper socks from purchased socks--are classified in Industry 316210, Footwear Manufacturing; and

 Finishing apparel products only--are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills.

31519 Other Apparel Knitting Mills T
See industry description for 315190 below.

315190 Other Apparel Knitting Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) knitting underwear, outerwear, and/or nightwear; (2) knitting fabric and manufac turing underwear, outerwear, and/or nightwear; or (3) knitting, manufacturing, and finishing knit underwear, outerwear, and/or nightwear.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing outerwear, underwear, and nightwear from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry Group 3152, Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and

 Finishing apparel products only--are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills.

3152 Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cut and sew apparel from woven fabric or purchased knit fabric. Included in this industry group is a diverse range of establishments manufacturing full lines of ready-to-wear apparel and custom apparel: apparel contractors, performing cutting or sewing operations on materials owned by others; jobbers performing entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture; and tailors, manufacturing custom garments for individual clients. Establishments weaving or knitting fabric, without manufacturing apparel, are cl assified in Subsector 313, Textile Mills.

31521 Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors See industry description for 315210 below.

315210 Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors

This industry comprises establishments commonly re ferred to as contractors primarily engaged in (1) cutting materials owned by others for apparel and accessories and/or (2) sewing materials owned by others for apparel and

accessories.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing men's and boys' apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315220, Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315240, Women's, Girls', and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing all other cut and sew apparel from purc hased fabric--are classified in Industry 315280, Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing apparel accessories from purchased fabr ic--are classified in I ndustry 315990, Apparel Accessories and Other Appa rel Manufacturing; and

 Embroidering apparel on a contract or fee basis for the trade--are classified in U.S. Industry 314999, All

Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills.

31522 Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing See industry description for 315220 below.315220 Men’s and Boys’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing men's and boys' cut and sew apparel from purchased fabric. Men's and boys' clothing jobbers, who perform entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture, including buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for apparel to be made from their materials, and marketin g finished apparel, are included.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for men's and boys' apparel--are classified in Industry 315210, Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors;

 Knitting men's and boys' apparel or knitting fabric and manufacturing men's a nd boys' apparel--are classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting Mills; and

 Manufacturing fur or leather apparel and team athletic uniforms--are classified in Industry 315280, Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing.

31524 Women’s, Girls’, and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing See industry description for 315240 below.

315240 Women’s, Girls’, and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ apparel from purchased fabric. Women's, girls', and infants’ clothing jobbers, who perform entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture, including buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for apparel to be made from their materials, and marketing finished apparel, are included.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Knitting women's, girls', and infants’ apparel or kn itting fabric and manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ apparel--a re classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting Mills;

 Manufacturing unisex outerwear garm ents, such as T-shirts, sweatshirts, and sweatpants that are sized without reference to specific gender (i.e., adult S, M, L, XL)--are classified in Industry 315220, Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for women’s, girls’, and infants’ apparel--are classified in Industry 315210, Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors;

 Manufacturing fur or leather apparel and team athletic uniforms--are classified in Industry 315280, Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing cloth diapers--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 314999, All Other Miscellaneous Textile

Product Mills.

31528 Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing See industry description for 315280 below.

315280 Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cut and sew apparel from purchased fabric (except men's, boys', women's, girls', and infants’ apparel). Clothing jobbers for these products, who perform entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture, including buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for apparel to be made from their materials, and marketing finished apparel, are included. Examples of products made by these esta blishments are fur or leather apparel, sheep-lined clothing, team athletic uniforms, band uniforms, academic caps and go wns, clerical vestments, and costumes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing men's and boys' apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315220, Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315240, Women's, Girls', and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Knitting apparel or knitting fabric and manufacturing a pparel--are classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting Mills;

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for apparel--are classified in Industry 315210, Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors;

 Manufacturing fur and leather mittens and gloves--are classified in In dustry 315990, A pparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; and

 Dyeing and dressing furs--are classified in Industry 316110, Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing.

3159 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing T

31599 Apparel Accessories an d Other Apparel Manufacturing T
See industry description for 315990 below.

315990 Apparel Accesso ries and Other Apparel Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing apparel and accessories (except apparel knitting mills, cut and sew apparel contractors, men' s and boys' cut and sew apparel, women's and girls' cut and sew apparel, and other cut and sew apparel). Jobbers, who perform entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel accessories manufacture, includi ng buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for apparel accessories to be made from their materials, an d marketing finished apparel accessories, are included. Examples of products made by these establishments are belts, caps, gloves (except medical, sporting, safety), hats,

and neckties.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for apparel accessories--are classified in Industry 315210, Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors;

 Manufacturing paper hats and caps--are classified in U.S. Industry 322299, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics or rubber hats and caps (except bathing caps)--are classified in Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing athletic gloves, such as boxing glov es, baseball gloves, golf gloves, batting gloves, and racquetball gloves--are classified in Industry 339920, Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal fabric, metal mesh, or rubber gloves--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Knitting apparel, mittens, gloves, hats, and caps or knitting fabric and manufacturing apparel, mittens, gloves, hats, and caps--are classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting Mills;

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for apparel--are classified in Industry 315210, Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors;

 Manufacturing men's and boys' underwear and outerwear from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315220, Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ underwear and outerwear from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315240, Women's, Girls', and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing other apparel from purchased fabric and manufacturing fur and leather apparel--are classified in Industry 315280, Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing.

316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing T

Establishments in the Leather and Allied Product Manufa cturing subsector transform hides into leather by tanning or curing and fabricating the leather into products for final consumption. It also includes the manufacture of similar products from other materials, including products (except apparel) made from "leather substitutes," such as rubber,plastics, or textiles. Rubber footwear, textile luggage, and plastics purses or wallets are examples of "leather substitute" products included in this group. The products made from leather substitutes are included in this subsector because they are made in similar ways leather pr oducts are made (e.g., luggage). They are made in the same establishments, so it is not practical to separate them. The inclusion of leather making in th is subsector is partly because leather ta nning is a relatively small industry that has few close neighbors as a production process, partly because leather is an input to some of the other products

classified in this subsector and partly for historical reasons.

3161 Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing T

31611 Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing T
See industry description for 316110 below.

316110 Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in one or more of the following: (1) tanning, currying, and finishing hides and skins; (2) having others process hides and skins on a contract basis; and (3) dyeing or dressing furs.

3162 Footwear Manufacturing T

31621 Footwear Manufacturing T
See industry description for 316210 below.

316210 Footwear Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing footwear (except orthopedic extension footwear).

Illustrative Examples:

Athletic shoes manufacturing Ballet slippers manufacturing Cleated athletic shoes manufacturing Shoes, children's and infants’ (except orthopedic extension), manufacturing Shoes, men’s (except orthopedic extension), manufacturing Shoes, women’s (except orthopedic extension), manufacturing

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing orthopedic extension footwear are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing.

3169 Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing T

31699 Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing leather products (except footwear and apparel) from purchased leather or l eather substitutes (e.g., fabric, plastics).

Illustrative Examples:

Billfolds, all materials, manufacturing Boot and shoe cut stock and findings, leather, manufacturing Dog furnishings (e.g., collars, leashes, harnesses, muzzles), manufacturing Luggage, all materials, manufacturingPurses, women's, all materials (except metal), manufacturing Shoe soles, leather, manufacturing Toilet kits and cases (except metal) manufacturing Watchbands (except metal) manufacturing Welders' jackets, leggings, and sleeves, leather, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing leather apparel--a re classified in Industry 31528, Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing leather gloves, mittens, belts, and appa rel accessories--are classified in Industry 31599, Apparel Accessories and Othe r Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing footwear--are classified in Industry 31621, Footwear Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonleather soles--a re classified elsewhere based on the primary input material;

 Manufacturing small articles made of metal carried on or about the person--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing leather gaskets--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing.

316992 Women's Handbag and Purse Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing women's handbags and purses of any material (except precious metal).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing precious metal handbags and purses are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing.

316998 All Other Leather Good an d Allied Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing leather products (except footwear, handbags, purses, and apparel) from purchased leather or leather substitutes (e.g., fabric, plastics).

Illustrative Examples:

Billfolds, all materials, manufacturing Boot and shoe cut stock and findings, leather, manufacturing Coin purses (except metal) manufacturing Dog furnishings (e.g., collars, leashes, harnesses, muzzles), manufacturing Key cases (except metal) manufacturing Leather belting for machinery (e.g., flat, solid, twisted, built-up) manufacturing Luggage, all materials, manufacturing Shoe soles, leather, manufacturing Toilet kits and cases (except metal) manufacturing Watchbands (except metal) manufacturing Welders' jackets, leggings, and sleeves, leather, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing handbags and purses--are classified in U.S. Industry 316992, Women’s Handbag and Purse Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing leather apparel--are classified in Industry 315280, Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing leather gloves, mittens, belts, and appa rel accessories--are classified in Industry 315990, Apparel Accessories and Othe r Apparel Manufacturing; Manufacturing footwear--are classified in Industry 316210, Footwear Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonleather soles--a re classified elsewhere based on primary input material;

 Manufacturing small articles made of metal carried on or about the person--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing leather gaskets--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 339991, Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing.

321 Wood Product Manufacturing T

Industries in the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture wood products, such as lumber, plywood, veneers, wood containers, wood flooring, wood trusses, manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes), and prefabricated wood buildings. The production processes of the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector include sawing, planing, shaping, laminating, and assembling of wood products starting from logs that are cut into bolts, or lumber that then may be further cut, or shaped by lathes or other shaping tools. The lumber or other transformed wood shapes may also be subsequently planed or smoothed, and assembled into finished products, such as wood containers. The Wood Product Manufacturing subsector includes establishments that make wood products from logs and bolts that are sawed and shaped, and establishments that purchase sa wed lumber and make wood pr oducts. With the exception of sawmills and wood preservation establishments, the estab lishments are grouped into industries mainly based on the specific products manufactured.

3211 Sawmills and Wood Preservation T

This industry group comprises establishments whose prim ary production process begins with logs or bolts that are transformed into boards, dimension lumber, beams, timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood chips.

Establishments that cut and treat round wood and/or treat wood products made in other establishments to prevent rotting by impregnation with creosote or other chemical compounds are also included in this industry group.

32111 Sawmills and Wood Preservation T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in one or more of the following: (1) sawing dimension lumber, boards, beams, timber, poles, ties, shingles, shak es, siding, and wood chips from logs or bolts; (2) sawing round wood poles, pilings, and posts and treating them with preservatives; and (3) treating wood sawed, planed, or shaped in other establishments with cr eosote or other preservatives to preven t decay and to protect against fire and insects. Sawmills may plane the rough lumber that they make with a planing machine to achieve smoothness and uniformity of size.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating portable chipper mills in the field--are classified in Industry 11331, Logging;

 Manufacturing wood products (except round wood poles, pilings, and posts) and treating them with preservatives--are classified elsewhere in Subsector 321, Wood Product Manufacturing, based on the related production process;

 Manufacturing veneer from logs and bolts or manufacturing engineered lumber and structural members other than solid wood--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing; and

 Planing purchased lumber or manufacturing cut stock or dimension stock (i.e., shapes) from logs or bolts-- are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork.

321113 Sawmills

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in sawing dimension lumber, boards, beams, timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood chips from logs or bolts. Sawmills may plane the rough lumber that they make with a planing machine to achieve smoothness and uniformity of size.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Planing purchased lumber or manufacturing cut stock or dimension stock (i.e., shapes) from logs or bolts-- are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork;

 Manufacturing veneer from logs or bolts--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing; and

 Operating portable chipper mills in the field--are classified in Industry 113310, Logging.

321114 Wood Preservation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) treating wood sawed, planed, or shaped in other establishments with creosote or other preservatives , such as alkaline copper quat, copper azole, and sodium borates, to prevent decay and to protect against fire an d insects and/or (2) sawing round wood poles, pilings, and posts and treating them with preservatives.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood products (except round wood poles, pilings, and posts) and treating them with preservatives ar e classified elsewhere in Subsector 32 1, Wood Product Manufacturing, based on the related production process.

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engin eered Wood Product Manufacturing T

32121 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing veneer and/or plywood; (2) manufacturing engineered wo od members; and (3) manufacturing reconstituted wood products. This industry includes manufacturing plywood from veneer made in the same establishment or from veneer made in other establishments, and manufacturing plywood faced with non wood materials, such as plastics or

metal.

Illustrative Examples:

Fabricated structural w ood members manufacturing Laminated structural wood members manufacturing Medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufacturing Oriented strandboard (OSB) manufacturing Particleboard manufacturing Plywood manufacturing Reconstituted wood sheets and boards manufacturing Roof trusses, wood, manufacturing

Veneer mills Waferboard manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing veneer and further processing that veneer into wood containers or wood container parts in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 32192, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings or wood sections, and panels for buildings--are classified in Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing solid wood structural members, such as dimension lumber and timber from logs or bolts in sawmills--are classified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood Preservation.

321211 Hardwood Veneer and Plywood ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing hardwood veneer and/or hardwood plywood.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing veneer and further processing that veneer into wood containers or wood container parts--are classified in Industry 321920, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing softwood veneer and softwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321212, Softwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing reconstituted wood sheets and boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 321219, Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing.

321212 Softwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing softwood veneer and/or softwood plywood.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing veneer and further processing that veneer into wood containers or wood container parts--are classified in Industry 321920, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing hardwood veneer and hardwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321211, Hardwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing reconstituted wood sheets and boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 321219, Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing.

321213 Engineered Wood Member (e xcept Truss) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing fabricated or laminated wood

arches and/or other fabricated or laminated wood structural members.

Illustrative Examples:

Finger joint lumber manufacturing I-joists, wood, fabricating Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) manufacturing Parallel strand lumber manufacturing Timbers, structural, glue laminated or pre-engineered wood, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings, or wood sections, and panels for buildings--are classified in U.S. Industry 321992, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing wood trusses--are classified in U.S. Industry 321214, Truss Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing solid wood structural members, such as dimension lumber and timber from logs or bolts--

are classified in U.S. In dustry 321113, Sawmills.

321214 Truss Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing laminated or fabricated wood

roof and floor trusses.

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood I-joists are classified in U.S. Industry 321213, Engineered Wood Member (ex cept Truss) Manufacturing.

321219 Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing reconstituted wood sheets and

boards.

Illustrative Examples:

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufacturing Oriented strandboard (OSB) manufacturing Particleboard manufacturing Reconstituted wood sheets and boards manufacturing Waferboard manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing softwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321212, Softwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing hardwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321211, Hardwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing.

3219 Other Wood Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood products (except establishments operating sawmills and wood preservatio n facilities; and establishments manufacturing veneer, plywood, or engineered wood products).

32191 Millwork T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing hardwood and softwood cut stock and dimension stock (i.e., shapes); wood windows and wood doors; and other millwork including wood flooring.

Dimension stock or cut stock is defined as lumber and work ed wood products cut or sh aped to specialized sizes. These establishments generally use woodworking machinery, such as jointers, planers, lathes, and routers to shape

wood.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing dimension lumber, boards, beams, timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood chips from logs and bolts--are classified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood Preservation;

 Fabricating millwork at the construction site--are classified in Industry 23835, Finish Carpentry Contractors; and

 Manufacturing wood furniture frames and finished wood furniture parts--are classified in Industry 33721, Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing.

321911 Wood Window and Door Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing window and door units, sash, window and door frames, and doors from wood or wood clad with metal or plastics.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in fabricating wood windows or wood doors at the construction site are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors.321912 Cut Stock, Resawing Lumber, and Planing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing dimension lumber from purchased lumber; (2) manufacturing dimension stock (i.e., shapes) or cut stock; (3) resawing the output of sawmills; and (4) planing purchased lumber. These establishments generally use woodworking machinery, such as jointers, pl aners, lathes, and routers to shape wood.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing dimension lumber, boards, beams, timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood chips from logs or bolts-- are classified in U.S. In dustry 321113, Sawmills;

 Manufacturing wood stairwork, wood molding, wood trim, and other millwork--are classified in U.S. Industry 321918, Other Millwork (including Flooring); and

 Manufacturing wood furniture frames and finished wood furniture parts--are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing.

321918 Other Millwork (including Flooring)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments pr imarily engaged in manufacturing millwork (except wood windows, wood doors, and cut stock).

Illustrative Examples:

Clear and finger joint wood moldings manufacturing Decorative wood moldings (e.g., base, chair rail, crown, shoe) manufacturing Ornamental woodwork (e.g., corn ices, mantel) manufacturing Planing mills, millwork Stairwork (e.g., newel posts, railings, stairs, staircases), wood, manufacturing Wood flooring manufacturing Wood shutters manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing wood windows and doors--are classified in U.S. Industry 321911, Wood Window and Door Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing cut stock, resawing lumber, and/or planing purchased lumber--are classified in U.S. Industry 321912, Cut Stock, Resawing Lumber, and Planing.

32192 Wood Container a nd Pallet Manufacturing T
See industry description for 321920 below.

321920 Wood Container a nd Pallet Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood pallets, wood box shook, wood boxes, other wood containers, and wood parts for pallets and containers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood burial caskets are classified in U.S. Industry 339995, Burial Casket Manufacturing.

32199 All Other Wood Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in manufacturing wood products (except establishments operating sawmills and wood preservation facilities; and es tablishments manufacturing veneer, plywood, engineered wood products, millwork, wood containers, or pallets).Illustrative Examples:

Mobile home manufacturing Panels, prefabricated wood building, manufacturing

Prefabricated w ood buildings Sections, prefabricated wood building, manufacturing Wood dowels manufacturing Wood handles (e.g., broom, handtool, mop) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating sawmills or preserving wood--are classified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood Preservation;

 Manufacturing veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing millwork--are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork;

 Manufacturing wood containers, pallets, and wood container parts--are classified in Industry 32192, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing travel trailers with self-contained facilities for storage of water and waste--are classified in Industry 33621, Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing; and

 Fabricating of wood buildings or wood sections and panels for buildings at the construction site--are classified in Sector 23, Construction.

321991 Manufactured Home (Mob ile Home) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and nonresidential mobile buildings. Manufactured homes are designed to accept permanent water, sewer, and utility connections and although equipped with wheels, they are not intended for regular highway movement.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings not equippe d with wheels--are classified in U.S. Industry 321992, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing travel trailers with self-contained facilities for storage of water and waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 336214, Travel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing.

321992 Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings and wood sections and panels for prefabricated wood buildings.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Fabricating wood buildings or wood sections and panels for buildings at the construction site--are classified in Sector 23, Construction; and

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 321991, Manufactured Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing.

321999 All Other Miscellaneous Wood Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing wood products (except establishments operating sawmills and preservation fac ilities; establishments manufacturing veneer, engineered wood products, millwork, wood containers, pallets, and wood container parts; and establishments making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and prefabricated buildings and components).Illustrative Examples:

Cabinets (i.e., housings), wood (e.g., sewing machines, stereo, television), manufacturing Cork products (except gaskets) manufacturing Kiln drying lumber Shoe trees manufacturing Wood dowels manufacturing Wood extension ladders manufacturing Wood handles (e.g., broom, handtool, mop), manufacturing Wood kitchenware manufacturing Wood stepladders manufacturing Wood toilet seats manufacturing Wood toothpicks manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating sawmills and preserving wood--are cl assified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood Preservation;

 Manufacturing veneer and engineered wood products--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing millwork--are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork;

 Manufacturing boxes, box shook, wood containers, pallets, and wood parts for containers--are classified in Industry 321920, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing;

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 321991, Manufactured Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings or wood sections and panels for buildings--are classified in U.S. Industry 321992, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing.

322 Paper Manufacturing T

Industries in the Paper Manufacturing subsector make pulp, paper, or converted paper products. The manufacturing of these products is group ed together because they constitute a series of vertically connected processes. More than one is often carried out in a single establishment. There are e ssentially three activities. The manufacturing of pulp involves separating the cellulose fibers from other impurities in wood or used paper. The manufacturing of paper involves matting these fibers into a sheet. Converted paper products are made from paper and other materials by various cutting and shaping techniques and includes coating and laminating activities. The Paper Manufacturing subsector is subdivided into two industry groups, the first for the manufacturing of pulp and paper and the second for the manufacturing of converted paper products. Paper making is treated as the core activity of the subsector. Therefore, any establishment that makes paper (including paperboard), either alone or in combination with pulp manufacturing or paper converting, is classified as a paper or paperboard mill. Establishments that make pulp without making paper are classified as pulp mills. Pulp mills, paper mills and paperboard mills comprise the first industry group. Establishments that make products from purchased paper and other materials make up the second industry group, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing. This general activity is then subdivided based, for the most part, on process distinctions. Paperboard container manufacturing uses corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form paperboard into containers. Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing establishments cut and coat paper and foil. Stationery product manufacturing establishm ents make a variety of paper products used for writing, filing, and similar applications. Other converted paper product manufacturing includes, in particular, the conversion of sanitary paper stock into such things as tissue paper and disposable diapers. An important process used in the Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing industry is lamination, often combined with coating. Lamination and coating ma kes a composite material with improved properties of strength, impermeability, and so on. The laminated materials may be paper, metal foil, or plastics film. While paper is often one of the components, it is not always. Lamination of plastics film to plastics film is classified in the NAICS Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufactur ing, because establishments that do this often firstmake the film. The same situation holds with respect to bags. The manufacturing of bags from plastics only, whether or not laminated, is classified in Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing, but all other bag manufacturing is classified in this subsector. Excluded from this subsector are photosensitive papers. These papers are chemically treated and are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing.

3221 Pulp, Paper, a nd Paperboard Mills T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp, paper, or paperboard.

32211 Pulp Mills T
See industry description for 322110 below.

322110 Pulp Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper or paperboard. The pulp is made by separating the cellulose fibers from the other impurities in wood or other materials, such as used or recycled rags, linters, scrap paper, and straw.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing both pulp and paper--are cl assified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills; and

 Manufacturing both pulp and paperboard--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills.

32212 Paper Mills T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paper from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In additi on, the establishments may convert the paper they make. The activity of making paper classifies an establishment into this industry regardless of the output.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32211, Pulp Mills;

 Manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 32213, Paperboard Mills;

 Converting paper without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry Group 3222, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing photographic sensitized paper--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing.

322121 Paper (except Newsprint) Mills

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing paper (except newsprint and uncoated groundwood paper) from pulp. These establishmen ts may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may also convert the paper they make.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing newsprint and uncoated groundwood paper--are classified in U.S. Industry 322122, Newsprint Mills;

 Converting paper without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry Group 3222, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills;

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills; and

 Manufacturing photographic sensitized paper from purchased paper--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing.322122 Newsprint Mills

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing newsprint and uncoated groundwood paper from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may also convert the paper they make.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing paper (except newsprint and uncoated groundwood)--are classified in U.S. Industry 322121, Paper (except Newsprint) Mills;

 Converting paper without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry Group 3222, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills; and

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper--a re classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills.

32213 Paperboard Mills T
See industry description for 322130 below.

322130 Paperboard Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paperboard from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may also convert the paperboard they make.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills;

 Converting paperboard without manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry Group 3222, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing insulation board and other reconstituted wo od fiberboard--are classified in U.S. Industry 321219, Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing.

3222 Converted Paper Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard without manufacturing paper or paperboard.

32221 Paperboard Cont ainer Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard into containers without manufacturing paperboard. These establishments use corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form paperboard into containers. Products made by these establishments include boxes, corrugated sheets, pads, pallets, paper dishes, and fiber drums, and reels.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing similar items of plastics materials--are classified in Industry Group 3261, Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into containers--are classified in Industry 32213, Paperboard Mills;

 Manufacturing egg cartons, food trays, and other food containers from molded pulp--are classified in Industry 32229, Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paper and converting paper into containe rs--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills;

and Manufacturing paper bags without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing.

322211 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in laminating purchased paper or paperboard into corrugated or solid fiber boxes and related products, such as pads, partitions, pallets, and corrugated paper without manufacturing paperboard. These boxes are generally used for shipping.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing setup paperboard boxes (except corrugated or laminated solid fiber boxes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 322219, Other Paperboard Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing folding paperboard boxes (except corrugated or laminated solid fiber boxes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 322212, Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into boxes--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills.

322212 Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in converting paperboard (except corrugated) into folding paperboard boxes without manufacturing paper and paperboard.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing setup paperboard boxes (except corrugated ) or milk cartons--are classified in U.S. Industry 322219, Other Paperboard Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing corrugated and solid fiber boxes--are classified in U.S. Industry 322211, Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into containers--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills;

 Manufacturing paper and converting paper into containe rs--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills;

and

 Manufacturing paper bags--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing.

322219 Other Paperboard Container Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard into paperboard containers, (except corrugated, solid fiber, and folding paperboard boxes) without manufacturing paperboard.

Illustrative Examples:

Fiber cans and drums (i.e., all-fiber, nonfiber ends of any material) made from purchased paperboard Sanitary food containers (except folding) made from purchased paper or paperboard Setup (i.e., not shipped flat) boxes made from purchased paperboard

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing sanitary food containers of solely plastics materials--are classified in Industry Group 3261, Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into containers--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills;

 Manufacturing corrugated and solid fiber boxes--are classified in U.S. Industry 322211, Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing; Manufacturing folding paperboard boxes (except corrugated)--are classified in U.S. Industry 322212, Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing egg cartons, food trays, and other food containers from molded pulp--are classified in U.S. Industry 322299, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing.

32222 Paper Bag and Coated a nd Treated Paper Manufacturing T
See industry description for 322220 below.

322220 Paper Bag and Coated a nd Treated Paper Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting and coating paper and paperboard; (2) cutting and laminating paper, pa perboard, and other flexible materials (except plastics film to plastics film); (3) manufacturing bags, multiwall bags, sacks of paper, metal foil, coated paper, laminates, or coated combinations of paper and foil with plastics film; (4) manufacturing laminated aluminum and other converted metal foils from purchased foils; and (5 ) surface coating paper or paperboard.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing paper from pulp--are cla ssified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills;

 Manufacturing textile bags--are classified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag and Canvas Mills;

 Manufacturing single and multiwall pl astics bags--are classified in U. S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics to plastics packaging laminations --are classified in U.S. Industry 326112, Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing unsupported plastic film--are classified in U.S. Industry 326113, Unlaminated Plastics Film and Sheet (except Packag ing) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing photographic sensitized paper--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing;

 Printing on purchased packaging materials--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing, based on printing process used;

 Manufacturing foil cookware, dinnerware, and other semi rigid metal containers--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Making aluminum and aluminum foil--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing; and

 Cutting purchased aluminum foil into smaller lengths and widths--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

32223 Stationery Pr oduct Manufacturing T
See industry description for 322230 below.

322230 Stationery Pr oduct Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard into products used for writing, filing, art work, and similar applications.

Illustrative Examples:

Die-cut paper products for office use made from purchased paper or paperboard Envelopes (i.e., mailing, stationery) made from any material Stationery made from purchased paper Tablets (e.g., memo, note, writing) made from purchased paper Tapes (e.g., adding machines, calculator, cash register) made from purchased paper

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing die-cut paper and paperboard products other than office supplies are classified in U.S. Industry 322299, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing.

32229 Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) converting paper and paperboard into products (except containers, bags, coated and treated paper and paperboard, and stationery products), or (2) converting pulp into pulp products, such as disposable diapers, or molded pulp egg cartons, food trays, and dishes. Processes used include laminating or lining purchased paper or paperboard.

Illustrative Examples:

Crepe paper made from purchased paper Die-cut paper products (except for office use) made from purchased paper or paperboard Molded pulp products (e.g., egg cartons, food containers, food trays) manufacturing Paper novelties made from purchased paper Sanitary products made from purchased sanitary paper stock

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing pulp from wood or from other materials--are classified in Industry 32211, Pulp Mills;

 Manufacturing paper from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills;

 Manufacturing paperboard from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 32213, Paperboard Mills;

 Manufacturing paperboard containers--are classified in Industry 32221, Paperboard Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing bags of coated, laminated, or uncoated paper, of metal foil, or combinations thereof--are classified in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and Co ated and Treated Paper Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing stationery and other related office supplie s--are classified in Indu stry 32223, Stationery Product Manufacturing.

322291 Sanitary Paper Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting purchased sanitary paper stock or wadding into sanitary paper products, such as facial tissues, handkerchiefs, table napkins, toilet paper, towels, disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons.

322299 All Other Converted Pa per Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard into products (except containers, bags, coated and treated paper, statio nery products, and sanitary paper products) or converting pulp into pulp products, such as egg cartons, food trays, and other food containers from molded pulp.

Illustrative Examples:

Crepe paper made from purchased paper Die-cut paper products (except for office use) made from purchased paper or paperboard Molded pulp products (e.g., egg cartons, food containers, food trays) manufacturing Paper novelties made from purchased paper

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing pulp from wood or from other materials--are classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills; Manufacturing paper from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills;

 Manufacturing paperboard from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills;

 Manufacturing paperboard containers--are classified in Industry 32221, Paperboard Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing bags of coated, laminated, or uncoated paper, of metal foil, or combinations thereof--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Co ated and Treated Pape r Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing stationery and other related office supplie s--are classified in Indu stry 322230, Stationery Product Manufacturing.

323 Printing and Related Support Activities T

Industries in the Printing and Related Support Activitie s subsector print products, such as newspapers, books, labels, business cards, stationery, business forms, and other materials, and perform support activities, such as data imaging, platemaking services, and bookbinding. The suppor t activities included here are an integral part of the printing industry, and a product (a printing plate, a bound book, or a computer disk or file) that is an integral part of the printing industry is almost always provided by these operations. Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a plate, screen, film, or computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood. The printing processes employed include, but are not limited to, lithographic, grav ure, screen, flexographic, digital, and letterpress. In contrast to many other classification systems that locate publishing of printed materials in manufacturing, NAICS classifies the publishing of printed products in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet). Though printing and publishing are often carried out by the same enterprise (a newspaper, for example), it is less

and less the case that these distinct activities are carried out in the same establishment. When publishing and printing are done in the same establishment, the establishment is classified in Sector 51, Information, in the appropriate NAICS industry even if the receip ts for printing exceed those for publishing. This subsector includes printing on clothing because the production process for that activity is printing, not clothing manufacturing. For instance, the printing of T-shirts is included in this subsector. In contrast, printing on fabric (or grey goods) is not included. This activity is part of the process of finishing the fabric and is included in the NAICS Textile Mills subsector in Industry 31331, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills.

3231 Printing and Rela ted Support Activities T

32311 Printing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in printing on apparel and textile products, paper, metal, glass, plastics, and other materials, except fabric (grey g oods). The printing processes employed include, but are not limited to, lithographic, gravure, screen, flexographic, digital, and letterpress. Establishments in this industry do not manufacture the stock that they print, but may perform postp rinting activities, such as folding, cutting, or laminating the materials they print, and mailing.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing photocopying service on nondigital photocopy equipment without performing traditional printing activities--are classified in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers;

 Printing on grey goods--are classified in Indu stry 31331, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills;

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet); and

 Performing prepress or postpress services without pe rforming traditional printing activities--are classified in Industry 32312, Support Activities for Printing.

323111 Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books)This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in commercial printing (except screen printing, books printing) without publishing (except grey goods printing). Printing processes used in this industry include lithographic, gravure, flexographic, letterpress, engraving, and various digital printing technologies. This industry includes establishments engaged in commercial printing on purchased stock materials, such as stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items, on a job order basis. Establishments primarily engaged in traditional printing activities combined with document photocopying services (i .e., quick printers) or primarily engaged in printing graphical materials using digital printing equipment are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Screen printing on purchased stock materials (except books, grey goods, and manifold business forms)--are classified in U.S. Industry 3231 13, Commercial Screen Printing;

 Printing on grey goods--are classified in Indu stry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills;

 Printing books and pamphlets--are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing;

 Manufacturing printed stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items--are classi fied in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing;

 Providing photocopying service on photocopy equipm ent without performing traditional printing activities- -are classified in U.S. Industry 561439, Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops); and

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet).

323113 Commercial Screen Printing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in screen printing without publishing (except books, grey goods, and manifold business forms). This industry includes establishments engaged in screen printing on purchased stock materials, such as stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items, on a job order basis. Establishments primarily engaged in printing on apparel and textile products, such as T-shirts, caps, jackets, towels, and napkins, are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Printing on grey goods--are classified in Indu stry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills;

 Printing books and pamphlets--are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing;

 Printing manifold business forms including checkbooks--are classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books);

 Manufacturing printed stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items--are classi fied in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing; and

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet).

323117 Books Printing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in printing or printing and binding books and pamphlets without publishing.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet); and

 Binding books without printing in the same establishm ent--are classified in Industry 323120, Support Activities for Printing.

32312 Support Activities for Printing T
See industry description for 323120 below.323120 Support Activities for Printing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing prepress and postpress services in support of printing activities. Prepress services may include such things as platemaking, typesetting, tradebinding, and sample mounting. Postpress services include such things as book or paper bronzing, die-cutting, edging, embossing, folding, gilding, gluing, and indexing.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Engraving of the type done on metal--are classified in U.S. Industry 332812, Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers;

 Manufacturing photosensitive plates for printing--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing blank plates (except photosensitive plat es) for printing--are classified in U.S. Industry 333244, Printing Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Printing books or printing and binding books--are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing.

324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing T

The Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of crude petroleum and coal into usable products. The dominant process is petroleum refining that involves the separation of crude petroleum into component produc ts through such techniques as cracking and distillation. In addition, this subsector includes establishments that primarily further process refined petroleum and coal products and produce products, such as asphalt coatings and petroleum lubricating oils. However, establishments that manufacture petrochemicals from refined petroleum are classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing.

3241 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing T

32411 Petroleum Refineries T
See industry description for 324110 below.

324110 Petroleum Refineries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum. Petroleum refining involves one or more of the following activities: (1) fractionation; (2) straight distillation of crude oil; and (3) cracking.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials from refined petroleum--are classified in Industry 32412, Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paper mats and felts and saturating them with asphalt or tar into rolls and sheets--are classified in U.S. Industry 3221 21, Paper (except Newsprint) Mills;

 Blending or compounding refined petroleum to make lu bricating oils and greases and/or re-refining used petroleum lubricating oils--are classified in U.S. Industry 324191, Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing synthetic lubricating oils and greases-- are classified in U.S. In dustry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Recovering natural gasoline and/or liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases--are classified in Industry 21111, Oil and Gas Extraction;

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., petrochemicals) from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cyclic and acyclic chemicals (except petrochemicals)--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Manufacturing coke oven products in steel mills--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven estab lishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing.

32412 Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures and blocks and roofing cements and coatings from purcha sed asphaltic materials and/ or (2) saturating purchased mats and felts with asphalt or tar from purchased asphaltic materials.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Refining crude petroleum and manufacturing asphalt and tar paving, roofing, and saturated materials--are classified in Industry 32411, Petroleum Refineries; and

 Manufacturing paper mats and felts and saturating them with asphalt or tar--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills.

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures and blocks from purchased asphaltic materials.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in refining crude petroleum and manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures

and blocks are classified in In dustry 324110, Petroleum Refineries.

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) saturating purchased mats and felts with asphalt or tar from purchased asphaltic materials and (2) manufacturing asphalt and tar and roofing cements and coatings from purchased asphaltic materials.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Refining crude petroleum and saturating purchased mats and felts with asphalt or tar into rolls and sheets and/or refining crude petroleum and manufacturing asphalt and tar roofing cements and coatings--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and

 Manufacturing paper mats and felts and saturating them with asphalt or tar into rolls and sheets--are classified in U.S. Industry 3221 21, Paper (except Newsprint) Mills.

32419 Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing petroleum products (except asphalt paving, roofing and saturated materials) from refined petroleum or coal products made in coke ovens not integrated

with a steel mill.

Illustrative Examples:

Coke oven products (e.g., coke, gases, tars) made in coke oven establishments Petroleum brake fluids made from refined petroleum Petroleum briquettes made from refined petroleum Petroleum jelly made from refined petroleum Petroleum lubricating oils and greases made from refined petroleumPetroleum waxes made from refined petroleum Re-refined used petroleum lubricating oils

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing petroleum products by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 32411, Petroleum Refineries;

 Manufacturing asphalt and tar paving, roofing, and saturated materials from refined petroleum--are classified in Industry 32412, Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coke oven products in steel mills--are cl assified in Industry 33111, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., petrochemicals) from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cyclic and acyclic organic chemicals (except petrochemicals)--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing synthetic lubricating oils and greases--ar e classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Prepara tion Manufacturing.

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in blending or compounding refined petroleum to make lubricating oils and greases and/or re -refining used petroleum lubricating oils.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Refining crude petroleum and manufacturing lubricating oils and greases--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and

 Manufacturing synthetic lubricating oils and greases-- are classified in U.S. In dustry 325998, All Other

Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing.

324199 All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing petroleum products (except asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials and lubricating oils and greases) from refined petroleum and coal products made in coke ovens not integrated with a steel mill.

Illustrative Examples:

Coke oven products (e.g., coke, gases, tars) made in coke oven establishments Petroleum briquettes made from refined petroleum Petroleum jelly made from refined petroleum Petroleum waxes made from refined petroleum

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing petroleum products by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries;

 Manufacturing asphalt paving and roofing materials from refined petroleum--are classified in Industry 32412, Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing;

 Blending and compounding petroleum lubricating oils and greases and/or re-refining used petroleum lubrication oils and greases--are classified in U.S. Industry 324191, Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coke oven products in steel mills--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., petrochemicals) from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing cyclic and acyclic organic chemicals (except petrochemicals)--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing.

325 Chemical Manufacturing T

The Chemical Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of organic and inorganic raw materials by a chemical process and the formulation of products. This subsector distinguishes the production of basic chemicals that comprise the first industry group from the production of intermediate and end products produced by further processing of basic chemicals that make up the remaining industry groups.

This subsector does not include all industries transfor ming raw materials by a chemical process. It is common for some chemical processing to occur during mining operations. These beneficiating operations, such as copper concentrating, are classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. Furthermore, the refining of crude petroleum is included in Subsector 324, Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing. In addition, the manufacturing of aluminum oxide is included in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing; and beverage distilleries are classified in Subsector 312, Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing. As is the case of these two activities, the grouping of industries into subsector s may take into account the association of the activities performed with other activities in the subsector.

3251 Basic Chemical Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemicals using basic processes, such as thermal cracking and distillation. Ch emicals manufactured in this industry group are usually separate chemical elements or sepa rate chemically-def ined compounds.

32511 Petrochemical Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325110 below.

325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing acyclic (i.e., aliphatic) hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, and butylene made from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons and/or (2) manufacturing cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, ethyl benzene, and cumene made from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries;

 Manufacturing acetylene--are classified in In dustry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing basic organic chemical s (except petrochemicals)--are classi fied in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Recovering liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases--are classified in Industry 21111, Oil and Gas

Extraction.

32512 Industrial Ga s Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325120 below.

325120 Industrial Ga s Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial organic and inorganic gases in compressed, liquid, and solid forms.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing chlorine gas--are classified in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing ethane and butane gases made from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing.

32513 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325130 below.

325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic organic and inorganic dyes and pigments, such as lakes and toners (except electrostatic and photographic).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing natural food colorings--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate
Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses (except wood byproducts)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electrostatic and photographic toners--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic
Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing wood byproducts used as dyeing materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 325194, Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing carbon, bone, and lamp black--are classified in Indust ry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing.

32518 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325180 below.

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing basic inorganic chemicals (except industrial gases and synthetic dyes and pigments).

Illustrative Examples:

Alkalies manufacturing Aluminum compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing Carbides (e.g., baron, calcium, silium, tungsten) manufacturing Carbon black manufacturing Chlorine manufacturing Hydrochloric acid manufacturing Potassium inorganic compounds, not specifi ed elsewhere by process, manufacturing Radioactive isotopes manufacturing Sulfides and sulfites manufacturing Sulfuric acid manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing industrial gases--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing inorganic dyes and pigments--are classified in Industry 325130, Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household bleaches--are classified in U.S. Industry 325612, Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; Mining and/or beneficiating alkalies--are classified in U.S. Industry 212391, Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining;

 Manufacturing chlorine preparations (e.g., for swimming pools)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nitrogenous and phospho ric fertilizers and fertilizer materi als--are classified in Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aluminum oxide (alumina)--are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production;

 Manufacturing inorganic insecticidal, herbicidal, fungici dal and pesticidal prepara tions--are classified in Industry 325320, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing photographic chemicals--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing.

32519 Other Basic Organi c Chemical Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing basic organic chemicals (except petrochemicals, industrial gases, and synthetic dyes and pigments).

Illustrative Examples:

Carbon organic compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing Cyclic intermediates made from refined petroleum or natural gas Enzyme proteins (i.e., basic synthetic chemicals) (except ph armaceutical use) manufacturing Fatty acids (e.g., margaric, oleic, stearic) manufacturing Gum and wood chemicals manufacturing Organo-inorganic compound manufacturing Plasticizers (i.e., basic synthe tic chemical) manufacturing Silicone (except resins) manufacturing Synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing petrochemicals from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 32411, Petroleum Refineries;

 Manufacturing organic industrial gases--are classified in Industry 32512, Industrial Gas Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing synthetic organic dyes and pigments--are classified in Industry 32513, Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing natural glycerin--are classified in Industry 32561, Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing activated charcoal--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing organic insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicid al, and pesticidal prepara tions--are classified in Industry 32532, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing elastomers--are classified in Industry 32521, Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing urea--are classified in In dustry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coal tar crudes in integrated steel mills with coke ov ens--are classified in Industry 33111,

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coal tar crudes in coke ovens not integr ated with steel mills and fu el briquettes from refined petroleum--are classified in Industry 32419, Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing natural food colorings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing.

325193 Ethyl Alcohol ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonpotable ethyl alcohol.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Distilling liquors (except brandy)--are classified in Industry 312140, Distilleries; and

 Manufacturing brandies--are classi fied in Industry 312130, Wineries.

325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemi cal Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in one or more of the following: (1) distilling wood or gum into products, such as tall oil and wood dis tillates; (2) distilling coal tars; (3) manufacturing wood or gum chemicals, such as naval stores, natural tanning materi als, charcoal briquettes, and charcoal (expect activated); and (4) manufacturing cyclic crudes or cyclic intermediates (i.e., hy drocarbons, except aromatic petrochemicals) from refined petroleum or natural gas.

Cross-references . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing cyclic chemicals (except aromatic and intermediates)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organi c Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals from refined petroleum or natural gas--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries;

 Manufacturing coal tar crudes in st eel mills with coke ovens--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fuel briquettes from refined petroleum--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing activated charcoal--a re classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing.

325199 All Other Basic Organi c Chemical Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing basic organic chemical products (except aromatic petrochemicals, industrial gases, synthe tic organic dyes and pigments, gum and wood chemicals, cyclic crudes and intermediates, and ethyl alcohol).

Illustrative Examples:

Calcium organic compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing Carbon organic compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing Enzyme proteins (i.e., basic synthetic chemicals) (except ph armaceutical use) manufacturing Fatty acids (e.g., margaric, oleic, stearic) manufacturing Organo-inorganic compound manufacturing Plasticizers (i.e., basic synthe tic chemical) manufacturing Silicone (except resins) manufacturing Synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals from refined petroleum or natural gas--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries;

 Manufacturing organic industrial gases--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Manufacturing synthetic organic dyes and pigments--are classified in Industry 325130, Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing organic insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicid al, and pesticidal prepara tions--are classified in Industry 325320, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing elastomers--are classified in Industry 32521, Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing urea--are classified in U.S. Indus try 325311, Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing natural glycerin--are classified in U.S. Industry 325611, Soap and Other Detergent Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing natural food colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing.

3252 Resin, Synthetic Rubber, an d Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing T

32521 Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing synthetic resins, plastics materials, and nonvulcanizable elastomers and mixing and blending resins on a custom basis; (2) manufacturing noncustomized synthetic resins; and (3) manufacturing synthetic rubber.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastics resins and converting resins into plastics products--are classified in Industry Group 3261, Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Processing natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber into intermediate or final pr oducts--are classified in Industry Group 3262, Rubber Product Manufacturing;

 Custom compounding resins made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing resin adhesives--are classified in Industry 32552, Adhesive Manufacturing.

325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing resins, plastics materials, and nonvulcanizable thermoplastic elastomers and mixing and blending resins on a custom basis and/or (2) manufacturing noncustomized synthetic resins.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastics resins and converting the resins into plastics products--are classified in Industry Group 3261, Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Custom compounding resins made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 325991, Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins; and

 Manufacturing plastics adhesives--are classified in Industry 325520, Adhesive Manufacturing.

325212 Synthetic Rubb er Manufacturing

This U.S. industry consists of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic rubber.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Processing natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber into intermediate or final pr oducts (except adhesives)-- are classified in Industry Group 3262, Rubber Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing rubber adhesives--are classified in Industry 325520, Adhesive Manufacturing.

32522 Artificial and Synthetic Fi bers and Filaments Manufacturing TSee industry description for 325220 below.

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in (1) manufacturing cellu losic (e.g., rayon, acetate) and noncellulosic (e.g., nylon, polyolefin, polyester) fibers an d filaments in the form of monofilament, filament yarn, staple, or tow or (2) manufacturing and texturing cellulosic and noncellulosic fibers and filaments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Texturizing cellulosic and noncellulosic fiber and fila ment made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 313110, Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; and

 Manufacturing textile glass fibers--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing.

3253 Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Oth er Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing T

32531 Fertilizer Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing nitrogenous or phosphatic fertilizer materials; (2) manuf acturing fertilizers from sewage or animal waste; (3) manufacturing nitrogenous or phosphatic materials and mixing with other ingredients into fertilizers; and (4) mixing ingredients made elsewhere into fertilizers.

325311 Nitrogenous Fert ilizer Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing nitrogenous fertilizer materials and mixing ingredients into fertilizers; (2) manufacturing fertilizers from sewage or animal waste; and (3) manufacturing nitrogenous materials and mixing them into fertilizers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in mixing ingredients made elsewhere into nitrogenous fertilizers are classified in U.S. Industry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing.

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing phosphatic fertilizer materials or (2) manufacturing phosphatic materials and mixing them into fertilizers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in mixing ingredients made elsewhere into phosphatic fertilizers are classified in U.S. Industry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing.

325314 Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in mixing ingredients made elsewhere into

fertilizers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing nitrogenous fertilizer materials or fe rtilizer materials from sewage or animal waste and mixing these ingredients into nitrogenous fertilizers--are classified in U.S. Industry 325311, Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; and Manufacturing phosphatic fertilizer materials and mixing ingredients into fertilizers--are classified in U.S. Industry 325312, Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing.

32532 Pesticide and Other Agricu ltural Chemical Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325320 below.

325320 Pesticide and Other Agricu ltural Chemical Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the formulation and preparation of agricultural and household pest control chemicals (except fertilizers).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing basic chemicals requiring further pro cessing before use as agriculture chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 3251 , Basic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fertilizers--are classified in Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing agricultural lime prod ucts--are classified in Indust ry 327410, Lime Manufacturing.

3254 Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing T

32541 Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing biological and medicinal products; (2) processing (i.e., grading, grinding, and milling) botanical drugs and herbs; (3) isolating active medicinal principals from botanical drugs and herbs; and (4) manufacturing pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption in such forms as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and suspensions.

325411 Medicinal and Bota nical Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing uncompounded medicinal chemicals and their derivatives (i.e., generally for use by pharmaceutical preparation manufacturers) and/or (2) grading, grinding, and milling uncompounded botanicals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing packaged compounded medicinals and botanicals--are classified in U.S. Industry 325412, Pharmaceutical Preparatio n Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and cu lture media of plant or animal origin (except for diagnostic use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325414, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing.

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing in-vivo diagnostic substances and pharmaceutical preparations (except biological) intended for internal and ex ternal consumption in dose forms, such as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and suspensions.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing uncompounded medicinal chemicals and th eir derivatives--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 325411, Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing in-vitro diagnostic substances--are classified in U.S. Industry 325413, In-Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing; and Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and cu lture media of plant or animal origin (except for diagnostic use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325414, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing.

325413 In-Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing in-vitro (i.e., not taken internally) diagnostic substances, such as chemical, biolog ical, or radioactive substances. The substances are used for diagnostic tests that are performed in test tubes, petri dishes, machines, and other diagnostic test-type devices.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing in-vivo diagnostic substances are classified in U.S. Industry 325412, Pharm aceutical Preparation Manufacturing.

325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturin g vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except diagnostic).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing in-vitro diagnostic substances--are classified in U.S. Industry 325413, In-Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing pharmaceutical preparations (except biological and in-vitro diagnostic substances)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325412, Ph armaceutical Preparation Manufacturing.

3255 Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing T

32551 Paint and Coating Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325510 below.

325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) mixing pigments, solvents, and binders into paints and other coatings, such as stains, varnishes, lacquers, enamels, shellacs, and water repellant coatings for concrete and masonry, and/or (2) manufacturing allied pain t products, such as putties, paint and varnish removers, paint brush cleaners, and frit.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing creosote--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing caulking compounds and sealants--are classified in Industry 325520, Adhesive Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing artists' paints--are classified in Industry 339940, Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing turpentine--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 325194, Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing.

32552 Adhesive Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325520 below.

325520 Adhesive ManufacturingThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing adhesives, glues, and caulking compounds.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing asphalt and tar roofing cements from purch ased asphaltic materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 324122, Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing gypsum based caulking compounds--are classified in Industry 327420, Gypsum Product Manufacturing.

3256 Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing T

32561 Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and packaging soap and other cleaning compounds, surface active agents, and textile and l eather finishing agents used to reduce tension or speed the drying process.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing synthetic glycerin-- are classified in Industry 3251 9, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial bleaches-- are classified in Industry 32518, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing shampoos and shaving preparations--are classified in Industry 32562, Toilet Preparation Manufacturing.

325611 Soap and Other De tergent Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing and packaging soaps and other detergents, such as laundry detergents; dishwashing dete rgents; toothpaste gels, and tooth powders; and natural glycerin.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing synthetic glycerin--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing shampoos and shaving preparations--are classified in Industry 325620, Toilet Preparation Manufacturing.

325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing and packaging polishes and specialty cleaning preparations.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chlorine dioxide (i.e., industrial bleaching agent) are classified in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing.

325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises esta blishments primarily engage d in (1) manufacturing bulk surface active agents for use as wetting agents, emulsifiers, and penetrants, and/or (2) manufacturing textiles and leather finishing agents used to reduce tension or speed the drying process.32562 Toilet Preparation Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325620 below.

325620 Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing, blending, compounding, and packaging toilet preparations, such as perfumes, shaving preparatio ns, hair preparations, face creams, lotions (including sunscreens), and other cosmetic preparations.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing toothpaste are classified in U.S. Industry 325611, Soap and Other Detergent Manufacturing.

3259 Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemical products (except basic chemicals; resins, synthetic rubber, cellulosic and noncellulo sic fibers and filaments; pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals; pharmaceuticals and medicines; paints, coatings, and adhesives; soaps and cleaning compounds; and toilet preparations).

32591 Printing Ink Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325910 below.

325910 Printing Ink Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing printing and inkjet inks and inkjet cartridges.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Recycling inkjet cartridges --are classified in U.S. Industry 81121 2, Computer and Office Machine Repair and Maintenance;

 Manufacturing writing, drawing, and stamping ink--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing toners and toner cartridges for photocopiers, fax machines, computer printers, and similar

office machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing.

32592 Explosives Manufacturing T
See industry description for 325920 below.

325920 Explosives Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing explosives.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing ammunition, ammunition detonators, and percussion caps--are classified in U.S. Industry 332992, Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing pyrotechnics--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Prepara tion Manufacturing.

32599 All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemical products (except basic chemicals, resins, and synthetic rubber; cellulosic and noncellulosic fibers and filaments; pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals; pharmaceu ticals and medicines; paints, coatings , and adhesives; and soaps, cleaning compounds, and toilet preparations; printing inks; and explosives).

Illustrative Examples:

Activated carbon and charcoal manufacturing Antifreeze preparations manufacturing Custom compounding (i.e., blending and mixing) of purchased plastics resins Industrial salt manufacturing Matches and matchbook manufacturing Photographic chemicals manufacturing Pyrotechnics (e.g., flares, flashlight bombs, signals) manufacturing Sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweeteners blended with other ingredients) made from purchased synthetic

sweeteners Swimming pool chemical preparations manufacturing Writing inks and fluids manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing basic chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 3251, Basic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing resins, synthetic rubb er, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments--are classified in Industry Group 3252, Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricu ltural chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 3253, Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pharmaceuticals and me dicine including medicinal vegeta ble gelatin (i.e., agar-agar)--are classified in Industry Group 3254, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paints, coatings, and adhesives--are classified in Industry Group 3255, Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing soaps and cleaning compounds--are classified in Industry Group 3256, Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing printing and inkjet inks--are classified in Industry 32591, Printing Ink Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing explosives--are classified in Industry 32592, Explosives Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing photographic paper stock (i.e., unsensitized) and paper mats, mounts, easels, and folders for photographic use--are classified in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dessert gelatins--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing medicinal gelatins--are classified in Industry 32541, Phar maceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

325991 Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) custom mixing and blending plastics resins made elsewhere or (2) reformulating plastic s resins from recycled plastics products.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic resins and custom mixing and blending resins are classified in U.S. Industry 325211, Pl astics Material and Resin Manufacturing.

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Pl ate, and Chemical ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing sensitized film, sensitized paper, sensitized cloth, sensitized plates, toners (i.e., for photoc opiers, laser printers, and similar electrostatic printing devices), toner cartridges, and photographic chemicals.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing photographic paper stock (i.e., unsensitized) and paper mats, mounts, easels, and folders for photographic use are classified in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing.

325998 All Other Miscellane ous Chemical Product and P reparation Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing chemical products (except basic chemicals, resins, synthetic rubber; cellulosic and noncellulo sic fiber and filaments; pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals; pharmaceuticals an d medicines; paints, coatings and ad hesives; soap, cleaning compounds, and toilet preparations; printing inks; explosives; custom compounding of purchased resins; and photographic films, papers, plates, and chemicals).

Illustrative Examples:

Activated carbon and charcoal manufacturing Antifreeze preparations manufacturing Industrial salt manufacturing Lighter fluids (e.g., charcoal, cigarette) manufacturing Matches and matchbook manufacturing Pyrotechnics (e.g., flares, flashlight bombs, signals) manufacturing Sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweeteners blended with other ingredients) made from purchased synthetic sweeteners manufacturing Swimming pool chemical preparations manufacturing Writing inks manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing basic chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 3251, Basic Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing resins, synthetic rubb er, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments--are classified in Industry Group 3252, Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricu ltural chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 3253, Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pharmaceuticals and medi cines including medicinal vegetabl e gelatin (i.e., agar-agar)--are classified in Industry Group 3254, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paints, coatings, and adhesives--are classified in Industry Group 3255, Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing soaps and cleaning compounds--are classified in Industry Group 3256, Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing printing and inkjet inks--are classified in Industry 325910, Printing Ink Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing explosives--are classified in Industry 325920, Explosives Manufacturing;

 Custom compounding purchased plastics resins--are classified in U.S. Industry 325991, Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins;

 Manufacturing photographic films, papers, plates, and chemicals--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing dessert gelatin--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing TIndustries in the Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing subsector make goods by processing plastics materials and raw rubber. The core technology employed by establishments in this subsector is that of plastics or rubber product production. Plastics and rubber are combin ed in the same subsector b ecause plastics are increasingly being used as a substitute for rubber; however the subsector is generally restricted to the production of products made of just one material, either solely plastics or rubber. Many manufacturing activities use plastics or rubber, for example the manufacture of footwear, or furniture. Typically, the production process of these products involves more than one material. In these cases, technologies that allow disparate materials to be fo rmed and combined are of central import ance in describing the manufacturing activity. In NAICS, such activities (the footwear and furn iture manufacturing) are not classified in the Plastics and

Rubber Products Manufact uring subsector because the core technologies for these activities are diverse and involve multiple materials.

Within the Plastics and Rubber Products Manufactur ing subsector, a distinction is made between plastics and rubber products at the industry group level, although it is no t a rigid distinction, as can be seen from the definition of Industry 32622, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manuf acturing. As materials technology progresses, plastics are increasingly being used as a substitute for rubber; and eventually, the distinction may disappear as a basis for

establishment classification. In keeping with the core technology focus of plastics, lamination of plastics film to plastics film as well as the production of bags from plastics only is classified in this subsector. Lamination and bag production involving plastics and materials other than pl astics are classified in the NAICS Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing.

3261 Plastics Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in processing new or spent (i.e., recycled) plastics resins into intermediate or final products, using such processes as compression molding; extrusion molding; injection molding; blow molding; and casting. Within most of these industries, the production process is such that a wide variety of products can be made.

32611 Plastics Packaging Materials and Un laminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in (1) converting plastics resins into unsupported plastics film and sheet and/or (2) forming, coating or laminating plastics film and sheet into plastics bags.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Laminating plastics sheet (except for packaging)--are classified in Industry 32613, Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packagin g), and Shape Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics blister and bubble packaging--a re classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Coating or laminating combinations of plastics, foils and paper (except plastics film to plastics film) into film, sheet or bags--are classifi ed in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing.

326111 Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing

This U.S. Industry comprises esta blishments primarily engaged in: (1) converting plastics resins into plastics bags or pouches, and/or (2) forming, coating, or laminating pl astics film or sheet into single web or multi-web plastics bags or pouches. Establishments in this industry may print on the bags or pouches they manufacture.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing laminated or coated combinations of plastics, foils, and paper (except plastics film to plastics film) materials into single wall or multiwall bags --are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing; and

 Printing on purchased packaging materials--are classified in Industry Group 3231, Printing and Related Support Activities, based on the printing process used.326112 Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in converting plastics resins into plastics packaging (flexible) film and packaging sheet.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Converting plastics resins into plastics film and unla minated sheet (except packaging)--are classified in U.S. Industry 326113, Unlaminated Plastics Film and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing;

 Laminating or coating combinations of plastics, foils, and paper (except plastics film to plastics film) film and sheet--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing;

 Laminating plastics sheet (except for packaging)--are classified in Industry 326130, Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging) , and Shape Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics bags--are classified in U.S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing.

326113 Unlaminated Plastics Film and She et (except Packagin g) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting plastics resins into plastics film and unlaminated sheet (except packaging).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Converting plastics resins into plastics packaging film and unlaminated packaging sheet--are classified in U.S. Industry 326112, Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing;

 Laminating plastics sheet (except for packaging)--are classified in Industry 326130, Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packagin g), and Shape Manufacturing;

 Laminating or coating a combination of plastics, foils, and paper (except plastics film to plastics film) film and sheet, packaging or nonpackagin g--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics bags--are classified in U.S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing.

32612 Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing plastics pipes and pipe fittings, and plastics profile shapes such as rod, tube, and sausage casings.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastics hose--are classified in Indu stry 32622, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing noncurrent carrying plastics conduit--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlami nated Film and Sheet Manufacturing.

326121 Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting plastics resins into nonrigid plastics profile shapes (except film, sheet, and bags), such as rod, tube, and sausage casings.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlamina ted Film and Sheet Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics hoses--are classified in I ndustry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing.

326122 Plastics Pipe and Pi pe Fitting Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in converting plastics resins into rigid plastics pipes and pipe fittings.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastics hose--are classified in Indu stry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing noncurrent-carrying plastics conduit--are classified in U.S. Industry 335932, NoncurrentCarrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing.

32613 Laminated Plastics Pl ate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing T
See industry description for 326130 below.

326130 Laminated Plastics Pl ate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in laminating plastics profile shapes such as plate, sheet (except packaging), and rod. The lamination process generally involves bonding or impregnating profiles with plastics resins and compressing them under heat.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlamina ted Film and Sheet Manufacturing; and

 Coating or laminating nonplastics film, sheet, or bags with plastics--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Tr eated Paper Manufacturing.

32614 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing T
See industry description for 326140 below.

326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing polystyrene foam products.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics foam products (except polystyrene) are classified in Industry 326150, Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing.

32615 Urethane and Other Foam Produc t (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing T
See industry description for 326150 below.

326150 Urethane and Other Foam Produc t (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics foam products (except polystyrene).Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing polystyrene foam products are classified in Industry 326140, Polystyrene Foam Produ ct Manufacturing.

32616 Plastics Bottle Manufacturing T
See industry description for 326160 below.

326160 Plastics Bottle Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics bottles.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plas tics containers (except bottles) are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing.

32619 Other Plastics Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures and other plastics products (except film, sheet, bags, profile shapes, pi pes, pipe fittings, laminates, foam products, and bottles).

Illustrative Examples:

Inflatable plastics swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices manufacturing Plastics bowls and bowl covers manufacturing Plastics cups (except foam) manufacturing Plastics dinnerware (except foam) manufacturing Plastics gloves manufacturing Plastics hardware manufacturing Plastics or fiberglass plumbing fixtures (e.g., toilets, shower stalls, urinals) manufacturing Plastics siding manufacturing Plastics trash containers manufacturing Resilient floor coverings (e.g., sheet, tiles) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlami nated Film and Sheet Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics pipes, pipe fittings, and plastic s profile shapes (except films, sheet, bags)--are classified in Industry 32612, Plastics Pipe, Pipe F itting, and Unlaminated Prof ile Shape Manufacturing;

 Laminating plastics profile shapes, such as plate, sh eet, and rod--are classified in Industry 32613, Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing polystyrene foam prod ucts--are classified in Industry 32614, Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing foam products (excep t polystyrene)--are classified in Industry 32615, Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Poly styrene) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics bottles--are classified in Industry 32616, Plastics Bottle Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics furniture parts--are classified in Industry 33721, Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing;

 Assembling plastics components into plum bing fixture fittings, such as fau cets--are classified in Industry 33291, Metal Valve Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing rubber floor mats and rubber treads--are classified in Industry 32629, Other Rubber Product Manufacturing.326191 Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics or fiberglass plumbing fixtures. Examples of products made by these establishments are plastics or fiberglass bathtubs, hot tubs, portable toilets, and shower stalls.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Assembling plastics components into pl umbing fixture fittings, such as fa ucets--are classified in U.S. Industry 332913, Plumbing Fixture F itting and Trim Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics pipe and pipe fittings--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 326122, Plastics Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing.

326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing plastics products (except film, sheet, bags, profile shapes, pipes, pipe fittings, lamina tes, foam products, bottles, and plumbing fixtures).

Illustrative Examples:

Inflatable plastics swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices manufacturing Plastics air mattresses manufacturing Plastics bowls and bowl covers manufacturing Plastics clothes hangers manufacturing Plastics cups (except foam) manufacturing Plastics dinnerware (except foam) manufacturing Plastics gloves manufacturing Plastics hardware manufacturing Plastics siding manufacturing Plastics trash containers manufacturing Resilient floor covering manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlami nated Film and Sheet Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics pipes, pipe fittings, and plas tics profile shapes (except film, sheet, bags)--are classified in Industry 32612, Plastics Pipe, Pipe F itting, and Unlaminated Prof ile Shape Manufacturing;

 Laminating plastics profile shapes, such as plate, sh eet, and rod--are classified in Industry 326130, Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing polystyrene foam products--are classified in Industry 326140, Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing foam (except polystyrene) products--are classified in Industry 326150, Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Poly styrene) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics bottles--are classified in Industry 326160, Plastics Bottle Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing heavy-duty inflatable plastics boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 336612, Boat Building;

 Manufacturing plastics furniture parts and components--are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber floor mats and rubber treads--are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; and

 Assembling plastics components into pl umbing fixtures fittings such as faucets--are classified in U.S. Industry 332913, Plumbing Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing.3262 Rubber Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in processing natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber materials into intermediate or final products usin g processes, such as vulcanizing, cementing, molding, extruding, and lathe-cutting.

32621 Tire Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing tires and inner tubes from natural and synthetic rubber and retreading or rebuilding tires.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Repairing tires, such as plugging--are classified in Industry 81119, Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing tires--are classified in Industry 44132, Tire Dealers.

326211 Tire Manufacturing (except Retreading)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing tires and inner tubes from natural and synthetic rubber.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in retreading or rebuilding tires are classified in U.S. Industry 326212, Tire Retreading.

326212 Tire Retreading

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retreading or rebuilding tires.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Repairing tires, such as plugging--are classified in U.S. Industry 811198, All Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance;

 Retailing tires--are classified in I ndustry 441320, Tire Dealers; and

 Manufacturing tires and inner tubes from natural and synthetic rubber--are classified in U.S. Industry 326211, Tire Manufacturing (except Retreading).

32622 Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing T
See industry description for 326220 below.

326220 Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber hose and/or plastics (reinforced) hose and belting from natural and synthetic rubb er and/or plastics resins. Establishments manufacturing garden hoses from purchased hose are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing rubber tubing--are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics tubing--are classified in U.S. Industry 326121, Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing; Manufacturing extruded, lath e-cut, molded rubb er goods (except tubing) for mechanical applications--are classified in U.S. Industry 326291, Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use; and

 Manufacturing fluid power hose assemblies--are classified in U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing.

32629 Other Rubber Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber products (except tires, hoses, and belting) from natural and synthetic rubber.

Illustrative Examples:

Birth control devices (e.g., diaphragms, prophylactics) manufacturing Latex foam rubber manufacturing Mechanical rubber goods (i.e., molded , extruded, lathe-cut) manufacturing Reclaiming rubber from waste and scrap Rubber bands manufacturing Rubber balloons manufacturing Rubber floor mats (e.g., door, bath) manufacturing Rubber hair care products (e.g., combs, curlers) manufacturing Rubber tubing manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing tires and inner tubes--are classified in Industry 32621, Tire Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber hoses and belting--are classified in Industry 32622, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing;

 Rubberizing fabric--are classified in Industry 31332, Fabric Coating Mills;

 Manufacturing rubber gaskets, packing, and sealing devices--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber gloves--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber clothing accessori es (e.g., bathing caps)--are classi fied in Industry 31599, Apparel Accessories and Other Appa rel Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing rubber toys--are classified in Industry 33993, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing.

326291 Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing rubber goods (except tubing) for mechanical applications, using the processes of molding, ex truding or lathe-cutting. Products of this industry are generally parts for motor vehicles, machinery, and equipment.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber tubing from natural and synthetic rubber or in manufacturing rubber products fo r mechanical applications using processes other than molding, extruding or lathecutting are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing.

326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing rubber products (except tires; hoses and belting; and molded, extruded, and lathe-cut rubber goods for mechanical applications (except rubber tubing)) from natural and synthetic rubber. Establishments manufacturing rubber tubing made from natural and synthetic rubber, regardless of process used, are included in this industry.Illustrative Examples:

Birth control devices (i.e., diaphragms, prophylactics) manufacturing Latex foam rubber manufacturing Reclaiming rubber from waste and scrap Rubber balloons manufacturing Rubber bands manufacturing Rubber floor mats (e.g., door, bath) manufacturing Rubber hair care products (e.g., combs, curlers) manufacturing Rubber tubing manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing tires, inner tubes, and tire rebuilding--are classified in Industry 32621, Tire Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber hoses and belting--are classified in Industry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing heavy-duty inflatable rubber boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 336612, Boat Building;

 Molding, extruding, and lathe-cutting rubber to manuf acture rubber goods (except tubing) for mechanical applications--are classified in U.S. Industry 326291, Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use;

 Rubberizing fabrics--are cl assified in Industry 313320, Fabric Coating Mills;

 Manufacturing rubber gaskets, packing, and sealing devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 339991, Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber toys--are classified in Industry 339930, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber gloves--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing rubber clothing accessori es (e.g., bathing caps)--are classi fied in Industry 315990, Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing.

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing T

The Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector transforms mined or quarried nonmetallic minerals, such as sand, gravel, stone, clay, and refractory materials, into products for intermediate or final consumption. Processes used include grinding, mixing, cutting, shaping, and honing. Heat often is used in the process and chemicals are frequently mixed to change the composition, pu rity, and chemical properties for the intended product. For example, glass is produced by heating silica sand to the melting point (sometimes combined with cullet or recycled glass) and then drawn, floated, or blow molded to the desired shape or thickness. Refractory materials are heated and then formed into bricks or other shapes for use in industrial applications. The Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsect or includes establishments that manufacture products, such as bricks, refractories, ceramic products, and glass and glass products, such as plate glass and containers. Also included are cement and concrete products, lime, gypsum and other nonmetallic mineral products including abrasive products, ceramic plumbing fixtures, statuary, cut stone products, and mineral wool. The products are used in a wide range of activities from construction and heavy an d light manufacturing to articles for personal use. Mining, beneficiating, and manufacturing activities ofte n occur in a single location. Separate receipts will be

collected for these activities whenever possible. When receipts cannot be broken out between mining and manufacturing, establishments that mine or quarry nonmetallic minerals, beneficiate the nonmetallic minerals and further process the nonmetallic minerals into a more finished manufactured product are classified based on the primary activity of the estab lishment. A mine that manufactures a sm all amount of finished products will be classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Ga s Extraction. An establishment that mines whose primary output is a more finished manufactured product w ill be classified in the Manufacturing Sector.

Excluded from the Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manu facturing subsector are establishments that primarily

beneficiate mined nonmetallic minerals. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles that can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. Beneficiation establishments are included in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

3271 Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing T32711 Pottery, Ceramics, and Pl umbing Fixture Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327110 below.

327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Pl umbing Fixture Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, ceramics, plumbing fixtures, and electri cal supplies made entirely or partly of clay or other ceramic materials.

Illustrative Examples:

Bathroom accessories, vitreous ch ina and earthenware, manufacturing Ceramic or ferrite permanent magnets manufacturing Chemical stoneware (i.e., pottery products) manufacturing Clay and ceramic statuary manufacturing Earthenware table and kitchen articles, coarse, manufacturing

Porcelain electrical in sulators manufacturing Vitreous china plumbing fixtures manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing enameled iron and steel plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal bathroom accesso ries--are classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cultured marble and other plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing clay building materials, such as ceramic tile, bricks, and clay roofing tiles, and refractories-- are classified in Industry 3 27120, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ferrite microwave devices and electronic components--are classified in Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics bathroom accessories--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing.

32712 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327120 below.

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening clay refractories, nonclay refractories, ceramic tile, structural clay tile, brick, and other structural clay building materials. A refractory is a material that will retain its shape and chem ical identity when subjected to high temperatures and is used in applications that require extreme resistance to heat, such as furnace linings.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing resilient flooring and asphalt floor tiles- -are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other
Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing concrete bricks--are classified in U.S. Industry 327331, Concrete Block and Brick
Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing glass bricks and blocks--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product
Manufacturing.

3272 Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing T32721 Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing glass and/or glass products. Establishments in this industry may manufacture glass and/ or glass products by melting silica sand or cullet, or purchasing glass.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing glass wool (i.e., fiberglass) insulation products--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing optical lenses (except ophthalmic), such as magnifying, photographic, and projection

lenses--are classified in Industr y 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing;

 Grinding ophthalmic (i.e., eyeglass) lenses for the trade--are cla ssified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing fiber optic cable from purchased fiber optic strand--are classified in Industry 33592, Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing.

327211 Flat Glass Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) manufacturing flat glass by melting silica sand or cullet or (2) manufacturing both flat glass and laminated glass by melting silica sand or cullet.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing laminated glass from purchased flat glass are classified in U.S. Industry 327215, Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass.

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing glass by melting silica sand or cullet and making pressed, blown, or shaped glass or glassware (except glass packaging containers).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing flat glass--are classified in U. S. Industry 327211, Flat Glass Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass packaging containers in glassmaking operations--are classified in U.S. Industry 327213, Glass Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass wool (i.e., fiberg lass) insulation--are classified in U.S. Industry 327993, Mineral Wool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glassware from purchased glass--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 327215, Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; and

 Manufacturing fiber optic cable from purchased fiber optic strand--are classified in U.S. Industry 335921, Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturing.

327213 Glass Container Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing glass packaging containers.

327215 Glass Product Manufacturin g Made of Purchased Glass

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in coating, laminating, tempering, or shaping purchased glass.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing optical lenses (except ophthalmic), such as magnifying, photographic, and projection lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 333314, Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ophthalmic (i.e., eyeglass) lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing fiber optic cable from purchased fiber optic strand--are classified in U.S. Industry 335921, Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturing.

3273 Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing T

32731 Cement Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327310 below.

327310 Cement Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing portland, natural, masonry, pozzolanic, and other hydraulic cements. Cement manufacturing establishments may calcine earths or mine, quarry, manufacture, or purchase lime.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mining or quarrying limestone--are classified in U.S. Industry 212312, Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying;

 Manufacturing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing;

and

 Manufacturing dry mix concrete--are classified in U.S. Industry 327999, All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing.

32732 Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327320 below.

327320 Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments, such as batch plants or mix plants, primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete delivered to a purchaser in a plastic and unhardened state. Ready-mix concrete manufacturing establishments may mine, quarry, or purchase sand and gravel.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating sand or gravel pits--are classified in U.S. Industry 212321, Construction Sand and Gravel Mining; and

 Manufacturing dry mix concrete--are classified in U.S. Industry 327999, All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing.

32733 Concrete Pipe, Brick, and Block Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete pipe, brick, and block.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete products (except brick, block, and pipe) are classified in Industry 32739, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing.

327331 Concrete Block and Brick ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete block and brick.

327332 Concrete Pipe Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete pipe.

32739 Other Concrete Product Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327390 below.

327390 Other Concrete Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete products (except block, brick, and pipe).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing concrete brick and block--are classified in U.S. Industry 327331, Concrete Block and Brick Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing concrete pipe--are classified in U. S. Industry 327332, Concrete Pipe Manufacturing.

3274 Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing T

32741 Lime Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327410 below.

327410 Lime Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing lime from calcitic limestone, dolomitic limestone, or other calcareous materials, such as coral, chalk, and shells. Lime manufacturing establishments may mine, quarry, collect, or purchase the sources of calcium carbonate.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dolo mite refractories are classifi ed in Industry 327120, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing.

32742 Gypsum Product Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327420 below.

327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gypsum products, such as wallboard, plaster, plasterboard, molding, ornamental moldings, statuary, and architectural plaster work. Gypsum product manufacturing establishments may mine, quarry, or purchase gypsum.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating gypsum mines or quarries are classified in U.S. Industry 212399, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining.

3279 Other Nonmetallic Mine ral Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments manufacturing nonmetallic mineral products (except clay products, refractory products, glass products, cement and concrete products, lime, and gypsum products).32791 Abrasive Product Manufacturing T
See industry description for 327910 below.

327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing abrasive grinding wheels of natural or synthetic materials, abrasive-coated products, and other abrasive products.

Illustrative Examples:

Aluminum oxide (fused) abrasives manufacturing Buffing and polishing wheels, abrasive and nonabrasive, manufacturing Diamond dressing wheels manufacturing Sandpaper manufacturing Silicon carbide abrasives manufacturing Whetstones manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mining and cutting grindstones, pulpstones, and whetstones--are classified in U.S. Industry 212399, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining;

 Manufacturing plastic scouring pads--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing metallic scouring sponges and soap impr egnated scouring pads--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

32799 All Other Nonmetallic Mi neral Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonmetallic mineral products (except pottery and plumbing fixtures; clay building materials and refractories; glass and glass products; cement; ready-mix concrete; concrete products; lime; gypsum products; and abrasive products).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixt ures--are classified in Industry 32711, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing;

 Mining or quarrying stone, earth, or other nonmeta llic minerals--are classified in Industry Group 2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying;

 Buying and selling semifinished monuments and tombstones with no work other than polishing, lettering, or shaping to custom order--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or S ector 44-45, Retail Trade;

 Manufacturing clay building materials and refractorie s--are classified in Industry 32712, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass and glass products--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cement--are classified in Industry 32731, Cement Manufacturing;

 Mixing and delivering ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 32732, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing concrete pipe, brick, and block--are classified in Industry 32733, Concrete Pipe, Brick, and Block Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing concrete products (except pipe, brick, and block)--are classified in Industry 32739, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing lime--are classified in Industry 32741, Lime Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing gypsum products--are classified in Industry 32742, Gypsum Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing abrasive products--are classified in Industry 32791, Abrasive Product Manufacturing; and Manufacturing metallic scouring pads and steel wool --are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

327991 Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cutting, shaping, and finishing granite, marble, limestone, slate, and other stone for building and miscellaneous uses. Stone product manufacturing establishments may mine, quarry, or purchase stone.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mining or quarrying stone--are classified in Industry Group 2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying; and

 Buying and selling semifinished monuments and tombstones with no work other than polishing, lettering, or shaping to custom order--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or S ector 44-45, Retail Trade.

327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing beyond beneficiation, clays, ceramic and refractory mine rals, barite, and miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in crushing, grinding, pulverizing, washing, screening, sizing, or otherwise beneficiating mined clays, ceramics and refractory, and ot her miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals are classified in Industry Group 2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying.

327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing mineral wool and mineral wool (i.e., fiberglass) insulation products made of such sili ceous materials as rock, slag, and glass or combinations

thereof.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metallic scouring pads and steel wool are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmeta llic Mineral Produc t Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing nonmetallic mineral products (except pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures; clay building materials and refractories; glass and glass products; cement; ready-mix concrete; concrete products; lime; gypsum products; abrasive products; cut stone and stone products; ground and treated minerals and earth; and mineral wool).

Illustrative Examples:

Dry mix concrete manufacturing Mica products manufacturing Stucco and stucco pr oducts manufacturing Synthetic stones, for gem stones and industrial use, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 327110, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Manufacturing clay building materials and refractorie s--are classified in Industry 327120, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass and glass products--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cement--are classified in Industry 327310, Cement Manufacturing;

 Mixing and delivering ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing concrete pipe, brick, and block--are classified in Industry 32733, Concrete Pipe, Brick, and Block Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing concrete products (except pipe, brick, and block)--are classified in Industry 327390, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing gypsum products--are classified in Industry 327420, Gypsum Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing abrasives and abrasive products--are classified in Industry 327910, Abrasive Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cut stone and stone products--are classified in U.S. Industry 327991, Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ground and treated minerals and earth (i .e., not at the mine site)--are classified in U.S. Industry 327992, Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing mineral wool and fiberglass insulation products--are classified in U.S. Industry 327993, Mineral Wool Manufacturing.

331 Primary Metal Manufacturing T

Industries in the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector smelt and/or refine ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig or scrap, using electrometallurgical and other pr ocess metallurgical techniques. Establishments in this subsector also manufacture metal alloys and superalloys by in troducing other chemical elements to pure metals. The output of smelting and refining, usually in ingot form, is us ed in rolling, drawing, and extruding operations to make sheet, strip, bar, rod, or wire, and in molten form to make castings and other basic metal products. Primary manufacturing of ferrous and nonferrous metals begins with ore or concentrate as the primary input. Establishments manufacturing primary metals from ore and/or concentrate remain classifi ed in the primary smelting, primary refining, or iron and steel mill industries regardless of the form of their output. Establishments primarily engaged in secondary smelting and/or secondary refining recover ferrous and nonferrous metals from scrap and/or dross. The output of the secondary smelting and/or secondary refining industries is limited to shapes such as ingot or billet that will be further processed. Recovery of me tals from scrap often occurs in establishments that are primarily engaged in activities, such as rolling, drawing, extruding, or similar processes. Excluded from the Primary Metal Ma nufacturing subsector are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ferrous and nonferrous forgings (except ferrous forgings made in steel mills) and stampings. Although forging, stamping, and casting are all methods used to make metal shapes, forging and stamping do not use molten metals and are included in Subsector 332, Fa bricated Metal Product Manufacturing. Establishments primarily engaged in operating coke ovens are classified in Industry 32419, Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing.

3311 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing T

33111 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing T
See industry description for 331110 below.

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) direct reduction of iron ore; (2) manufacturing pig iron in molten or solid form; (3) converting pig iron into steel; (4) making steel; (5) making steel and manufacturing shapes (e.g., bar, plate, rod, sheet, strip, wire); (6) making steel and forming pipe and tube; and (7) manufacturing electrometallurgical ferroallo ys. Ferroalloys add critical elements, such as silicon and manganese for carbon steel and chromium, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, and molybdenum for low- and high-alloy metals. Ferroalloys include iron-rich alloys and more pure forms of elements added during the steel manufacturing process that alter or improve the characteristics of the metal being made.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating coke ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonferrous superalloys, such as cobalt or nickel-based superalloys--are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

 Manufacturing concrete reinforcing bar by rolling and drawing steel from purchased steel--are classified in U.S. Industry 331221, Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing fabricated structural metal products from concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists- -are classified in U.S. Industry 332312, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing.

3312 Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron and steel tube and pipe, drawing steel wire, and rolling or drawin g shapes from purchased iron or steel.

33121 Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel T
See industry description for 331210 below.

331210 Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing welded, riveted, or seamless pipe and tube from purchased iron or steel.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in making steel and further processing the steel into steel pipe and tube are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing.

33122 Rolling and Drawing of Purchased Steel T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in rolling and/or drawing steel shapes, such as plate, sheet, strip, rod, and bar, from purchased steel.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Making steel and rolling and/or drawing steel--are classified in Industry 33111, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing wire products from purchased wire--ar e classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing.

331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in rolling or drawing shapes (except wire), such as plate, sheet, strip, rod, and bar, from purchased steel.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Making steel and rolling or drawing steel shapes, or manuf acturing concrete reinforcing bars in an iron and steel mill--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing;

 Drawing wire from purchased steel--are classified in U.S. Industry 331222, Steel Wire Drawing; and Manufacturing fabricated structural metal products from concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists- -are classified in U.S. Industry 332312, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing.

331222 Steel Wire Drawing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments pr imarily engaged in drawing wire from purchased steel.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Making steel and drawing steel wire--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing wire products, such as nails, spikes, and paper clips, from purchased steel wire--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing.

3313 Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing T

33131 Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in one or more of the following: (1) refining alumina; (2) making (i.e., the primary production) aluminum from alumina; (3) recovering aluminum from scrap or dross; (4) alloying purchased aluminum; and (5) manufacturing aluminum primary forms (e.g., bar, foil, pipe, plate, rod, sheet, tube, wire).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing aluminum oxide abrasives and refractorie s--are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing;

 Sorting and breaking up scrap aluminum metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade; and

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable material s, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining--ar e classified in Industry 56292, Materials Recovery Facilities.

331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) refining alumina (i.e., aluminum oxide) generally from bauxite; (2) making aluminum from alumina; and/or (3) making aluminum from alumina and rolling, drawing, extruding, or casting the aluminum they make into primary forms. Establishments in this industry may make primary aluminum or aluminum-based alloys from alumina.

Cross-references . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing aluminum oxide abrasives and refractorie s--are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; and

 Recovering aluminum from scrap or alloying purchased aluminum--are classified in U.S. Industry 331314, Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum.

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) recovering aluminum and aluminum alloys from scrap and/or dross (i.e., secondary smelting) and making billet or ingot (except by rolling) and/or (2) manufacturing alloys, powder, paste, or flake from purchased aluminum.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Refining alumina or making aluminum and/or aluminum alloys from alumina--are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production;

 Manufacturing aluminum sheet, plate, and foil from purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum from scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting--are classified in U.S. Industry 331315, Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aluminum extruded products or rolled ingot or billet from purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum from scrap and extruding, rolling, or drawing--are classified in U.S. Industry 331318, Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding;

 Sorting and breaking up scrap metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable material s, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also sm elting or refining--are cl assified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities.

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) flat rolling or continuous casting sheet, plate, foil and welded tube from purchased aluminum; and/ or (2) recovering aluminum from scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting sheet, plate, foil, an d welded tube in integrated mills.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in making alum inum from alumina and flat rolling or continuous casting aluminum sheet, plate, foil, an d welded tube are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary

Aluminum Production.

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (except flat rolled sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube) from purchased aluminum; and/or (2) recovering aluminum from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extrudi ng shapes (except flat rolled sheet, plate, fo il, and welded tube) in integrated mills.

Illustrative Examples:

Aluminum bar made by extruding purchased aluminum Nails, aluminum, made in wire drawing plants Rod made by extruding purchased aluminum Structural shapes made by rolling purchased aluminum Tube made by drawing or extruding purchased aluminum Wire, bare, made in aluminum wire drawing plants

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Flat rolling sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube from either purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum from scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting--are classified in U.S. Industry 331315, Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing; and

 Making aluminum from alumina and making aluminum shapes--are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production.

3314 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing T

33141 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining T
See industry description for 331410 below.

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and RefiningThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) smelting ores into nonferrous metals and/or (2) the primary refining of nonferrous metals (except aluminum) by electrolytic methods or other processes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mining and making copper and other nonferrous conc entrates (including gold and silver bullion), by processes, such as solvent extraction or electrowinni ng--are classified in Indu stry Group 2122, Metal Ore Mining;

 Recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap or dross and/or alloying, rolling, drawing, and extruding purchased copper--are classified in Industry 331420 , Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying;

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding nonferrous metal shapes (except copper and aluminum) from purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) or by recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) and rolling, drawing, or extruding--are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding;

 Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or alloying purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum)--are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

 Making aluminum from alumina--are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production;

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable material s, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also sm elting or refining--are cl assified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities; and

 Sorting, buying, breaking up scrap metal, and reselling, without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Ma terial Merchant Wholesalers.

33142 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying T
See industry description for 331420 below.

331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) recovering copper or copper alloys from scraps; (2) alloying purchased coppe r; (3) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes, (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube, wire) from purchased copper; and (4) recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube, wire).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Smelting copper ore, primary copper refining, and/or rollin g, drawing, or extruding primary copper made in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining;

 Manufacturing wire products from purchased copper wire--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing;

 Die-casting purchased copper--are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting

Foundries;

 Rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes from purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) or
recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding-
-are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonf errous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling,
Drawing, and Extruding;

 Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper, aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or
alloying purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum)--are classified in U.S. Industry
331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

 Insulating purchased copper wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and
Energy Wire Manufacturing; Operating facilities where commingled recyclable material s, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also sm elting or refining--are cl assified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities; and

 Sorting, buying, breaking up scrap metal, and reselling, without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Ma terial Merchant Wholesalers.

33149 Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum ) Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) and nonferrous metal alloys from scrap; (2) alloying purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum); (3) rolling, drawing, and extruding shapes from purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum); and (4) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap (except copper and aluminum) and rolling, drawing, or ex truding shapes in in tegrated facilities.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding aluminum or secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing;

 Recovering copper and copper alloys from scrap, allo ying purchased copper, rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes from purchased copper, and recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes in integrated mills --are classified in Industry 33142, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying;

 Insulating purchased nonferrous wire--are classified in Industry 33592, Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing;

 Making primary nonferrous metals and rolling, dr awing, or extruding nonferrous metal shapes--are classified in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining;

 Manufacturing products from purchased wire--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing;

 Sorting and breaking up scrap metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade; and

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable material s, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also sm elting or refining--are cl assified in Industry 56292, Materials Recovery Facilities.

331491 Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Alum inum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube) from purchased nonferrous metals; and/or (2) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap and rolling, drawing, and/or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube) in integrated mills.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding shapes from purchased copper or recovering copper from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes--are classifi ed in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying;

 Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or alloying purchased nonferrous metals--are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding aluminum--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing;

 Making primary nonferrous metals and rolling, dr awing, or extruding nonferrous metal shapes--are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; and

 Insulating purchased nonferrous wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing.331492 Secondary Smelting, Refini ng, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) alloying purchased nonferrous metals and/or (2) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap. Establishments in this industry make primary forms (e.g., bar, billet, bloom, cake, ingot, slab, slug, wire) using smelting or refining processes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Recovering aluminum and aluminum alloys from scrap and/or alloying purchased aluminum--are classified in U.S. Industry 331314, Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum;

 Sorting and breaking up scrap metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Me rchant Wholesalers;

 Recovering nonferrous metals from scrap and rolling, dr awing, or extruding shapes in integrated facilities-- are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonfer rous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding;

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable material s, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also sm elting or refining--are cl assified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities; and

 Recovering copper and copper alloys from scrap an d making primary forms; and/or alloying purchased copper--are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying.

3315 Foundries T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in pouring molten metal into molds or dies to form castings. Establishments making castings and further manufacturing, such as machining or assembling, a specific manufactured product are classified in the industry of the finished product. Foundries may perform operations, such as cleaning and deburring, on the castings they manufacture. More invo lved processes, such as tapping, threading, milling, or machining to tight tolerances, that transform castings into more finished products are classified elsewhere in the Manufacturing sector based on the product being made. Establishments in this industry group make castings from purchased metals or in integrated secondary smelting and casting facilities. When the production of primary me tals is combined with making castings, the establishment is classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Ma nufacturing, with the primary metal being made.

33151 Ferrous Metal Foundries T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in pouring molten iron and steel into molds of a desired shape to make castings. Establishments in this industry purchase iron and steel made in other establishments.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron or steel castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.

331511 Iron Foundries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in pouring molten pig iron or iron alloys into molds to manufacture castings, (e.g., cast iron man-hole covers , cast iron pipe, cast iron skillets). Establishments in this industry purchase iron made in other establishments.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.331512 Steel Investment Foundries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steel investment castings. Investment molds are formed by covering a wax shape with a refractory slurry. After the refractory slurry hardens, the wax is melted, leaving a seamless mold. Investment molds provide highly detailed, consistent castings. Establishments in this industry purchase steel made in other establishments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing steel castings (except steel investment castings)--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 331513, Steel Foundries (except Investment); and

 Manufacturing steel investment castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are classified based on the sp ecific finished product.

331513 Steel Foundries (except Investment)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing steel castings (except steel investment castings). Establishments in this industry purchase steel made in other establishments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing steel investment castings--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 331512, Steel Investment Foundries; and

 Manufacturing steel castings and further manufacturing th em into finished products --are classified based on the specific finished product.

33152 Nonferrous Metal Foundries T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and/or introducing molten nonferrous metal, under high pressure, into metal molds or dies to manufacture castings. Establishments in this industry purchase

nonferrous metals made in other establishments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing iron or steel castings--are classified in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal Foundries; and

 Manufacturing nonferrous metal castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are classified based on the sp ecific finished product.

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in introducing molten nonferrous metal, under high pressure, into molds or dies to make nonferrous metal die-castings. Establishments in this industry purchase

nonferrous metals made in other establishments.

Cross-references . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture al uminum castings--are classi fied in U.S. Industry
331524, Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting);

 Pouring molten nonferrous metal (except aluminum) into molds to manufacture nonferrous (except
aluminum) castings--are classified in U.S. Industry 331529, Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except
Die-Casting); and

 Manufacturing nonferrous die-castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are
classified based on the sp ecific finished product.331524 Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture aluminum castings. Establishments in this industry purchase aluminum made in other establishments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing aluminum die-castings --are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal DieCasting Foundries; and

 Manufacturing aluminum or aluminum alloy castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are classified based on the specific finished product.

331529 Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except Die-Casting)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in pouring molten nonferrous metals (except aluminum) into molds to manufacture n onferrous castings (except nonferrous die-castings and aluminum castings). Establishments in this industry purchase nonferrous metals , such as copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, made in other

establishments.

Cross-references . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing nonferrous die-castin gs--are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal DieCasting Foundries;

 Pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture al uminum castings--are classi fied in U.S. Industry
331524, Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting); and

 Manufacturing nonferrous castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are classified
based on the specific finished product.

332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing T

Industries in the Fabricated Me tal Product Manufacturing su bsector transform metal into intermediate or end products, other than machinery, comput ers and electronics, and metal furniture, or treat metals and metal formed products fabricated elsewhere. Important fabricated metal processes are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and machining, used to shape individual pi eces of metal; and other processes, such as welding and assembling, used to join separate parts together. Establishments in this su bsector may use one of these processes or a combination of these processes. The NAICS structure for this subsector distinguishes the forging and stamping processes in a single industry. The remaining industries in the subsector group establishments based on similar combinations of processes used to make products. The manufacturing performed in the Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing subsector begins with manufactured metal shapes. The establishments in this subsector furthe r fabricate the purchased metal shapes into a product. For instance, the Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing industry starts with wire and fabricates such items. Within manufacturing there are other establishments th at make the same products made by this subsector; only these establishments begin production further back in the production process. These establishments have a more integrated operation. For instance, one establishment may manufacture steel, draw it into wire, and make wire products in the same establishment. Such operations ar e classified in the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector.

3321 Forging and Stamping T

33211 Forging and Stamping T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing forgings from purchased metals; (2) manufacturing metal custom roll forming products; (3) manufacturing metal stamped and spun products (except automotive, cans, coins); and (4) manufacturing powder metallurgy products. Establishments making metal forgings, metal stampings, and metal spun products and further manufacturing (e.g.,machining, assembling) a specific manufact ured product are classified in the industry of the finished product. Metal forging, metal stamping, and metal spun products establishments may perform surface finishing operations, such as cleaning and deburring, on th e products they manufacture.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing metal forgings in integrated primary me tal establishments--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing;

 Stamping automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 33637, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping;

 Manufacturing and installing rolled formed seamless gutters at construction sites--are classified in Industry 23839, Other Building Finishing Contractors; and

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing.

332111 Iron and Steel Forging

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing iron and steel forgings from purchased iron and steel by hammering mill shapes. Establishments making iron and steel forgings and further manufacturing (e.g., machining, assembli ng) a specific manufactured product ar e classified in the industry of the finished product. Iron and steel forg ing establishments may perform surface finishing operations, such as cleaning and deburring, on the forgings they manufacture.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing iron and steel forgings in integrated ir on and steel mills--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing nonferrous forgings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332112, Nonferrous Forging.

332112 Nonferrous Forging

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing nonferrous forgings from purchased nonferrous metals by hammering mill shapes. Establishments making nonferrous forgings and further manufacturing (e.g., machining, assembli ng) a specific manufactured product ar e classified in the industry of the finished product. Nonferrous forging establishments may perform surface finishing opera tions, such as cleaning and deburring, on the forgings they manufacture.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing iron and steel forgings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332111, Iron and Steel Forging; and

 Manufacturing nonferrous forgings in integrated primary or secondary nonferrous metal production

facilities--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing.

332114 Custom Roll Forming

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in custom roll forming metal products by use of rotary motion of rolls with various contours to bend or shape the products.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and installing rolled formed seamless gutters at construction sites are classified in Industry 238390, Other Building Finishing Contractors.

332117 Powder Metallurgy Part ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing powder metallurgy products using any of the various powder metallurgy processing techniques, such as pressing and sintering or metal injection molding. Establishments in this industry generally make a wide range of parts on a job or order basis.

332119 Metal Crown, Closure, and Other Metal Stamping (except Automotive)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) stamping metal crowns and closures, such as bottle caps and home canning lids and rings, and/or (2) manufacturing other unfinished metal stampings and spinning unfinished metal products (except automotive and coins). Establishments making metal stampings and metal spun products and further manufacturing (e.g. machinin g, assembling) a specific produ ct are classified in the industry of the finished pr oduct. Metal stamping and metal spun pr oducts establishments may perform surface finishing operations, such as cleaning and deburring, on the products they manufacture.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Stamping automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping;

 Manufacturing metal cans--are classified in U.S. Industry 332431, Metal Can Manufacturing; and

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing.

3322 Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing T

33221 Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing metal kitchen cookware (except those manufactured by casti ng (e.g., cast iron skillets) or stamped without further fabrication), utensils, and/or nonprecious and precious pl ated metal cutlery and flat ware; (2) manufacturing saw blades, all types (including those for power sawing machines); and (3) manufacturing nonpowered hand and edge

tools.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing precious (except precious plated) metal cutlery and flatware--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric razors and hair clippers for us e on humans--are classified in Industry 33521, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing power hedge shears and trimmers and electric hair clippers for use on animals--are classified in Industry 33311, Agri cultural Implement Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal cutting dies, attachments, and accessori es for machine tools--are classified in Industry 33351, Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing handheld power-driven handtools--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing finished cast iron kitchen utensils (i.e ., cast iron skillets) and castings for kitchen utensils, pots, and pans--are classified in Industry Group 3315, Foundries.

332215 Metal Kitchen Cookware, Utensil, Cutlery, and Flatware (except Precious) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing metal kitchen cookware (except those manufactured by casting (e.g., cast iron skillets) or stamped without further fabrication), utensils, and/or nonprecious and precious plated metal cutlery and flatware.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing precious (except precious plated) metal cutlery and flatware--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; Manufacturing electric razors and hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing power hedge shears and trimmers--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 333112, Lawn and Garden Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonelectric hair clippers for use on an imals--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing finished cast metal kitchen utensils or castings for kitchen utensils--are classified in Industry Group 3315, Foundries; and

 Manufacturing stampings for kitchen utensils, pots, and pans--are classified in U.S. Industry 332119, Metal Crown, Closure, and Other Metal Stamping (except Automotive).

332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in (1) manufact uring saw blades, all types (including those for power sawing machines) and/or (2) manufacturing nonpowered hand and edge tools.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing metal cutting dies, attachments, and accessori es for machine tools--are classified in Industry 33351, Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing handheld power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric razors and hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric hair clippers for use on animals--are classified in U.S. Industry 333111, Farm Machinery and Equipmen t Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing nonelectric household-type scissors and shears--are classified in U.S. Industry 332215, Metal Kitchen Cookware, Utensil, Cutlery, an d Flatware (except Precious) Manufacturing.

3323 Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing T

33231 Plate Work and Fabricated Structural Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing one or more of the following: (1) prefabricated metal buildings, panels and sections; (2) stru ctural metal products; and (3 ) metal plate work products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and prefabricated wood buildings--are classified in Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing;

 Constructing buildings, bridges, and other heavy construction projects on site--are classified in Sector 23, Construction;

 Building ships, boats, and barges --are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building;

 Manufacturing power boilers and heat exchangers--are classified in Industry 332 41, Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing heavy gauge tanks--are classified in Industry 33242, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal plate cooling towers--are classifi ed in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, AirConditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing metal windows, doors, and studs--are classified in Industry 33232, Ornamental and Architectural Metal Products Manufacturing.

332311 Prefabricated Metal Buildin g and Component ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing prefabricated metal buildings, panels, and sections.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and prefabricated wood buildings--are classified in Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing;

 Constructing prefabricated buildings on site--are classified in Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings;

and

 Manufacturing metal windows and doors--are classified in U.S. Industry 332321, Metal Window and Door Manufacturing.

332312 Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in fabricating structural metal products, such as assemblies of concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing concrete reinforcing bars in an iron an d steel mill--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal windows and doors--are classified in U.S. Industry 332321, Metal Window and Door Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal studs--are classified in U.S. Industry 332322, Sheet Metal Work Manufacturing;

 Constructing buildings, bridges, and other heavy construction projects on site--are classified in Sector 23, Construction;

 Manufacturing concrete reinforcing bar by rolling and drawing steel from purchased steel--are classified in U.S. Industry 331221, Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing;

 Building ships, boats, and barges-- are classified in Indu stry 33661, Ship and Boat Building; and

 Prefabricating metal buildings, panels, and sections--are classified in U. S. Industry 332311, Prefabricated Metal Building and Component Manufacturing.

332313 Plate Work Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing fabr icated metal plate work by cutting, punching, bending, shaping, and welding purchased metal plate.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing power boilers and heat exchangers--are classified in Industry 332410, Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing heavy gauge tanks--are classified in Industry 332420, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing metal plate cooling towers--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and In dustrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.

33232 Ornamental and Architectura l Metal Products Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing one or more of the following: (1) metal framed windows (i.e., typically using purchased glass) and metal doors; (2) sheet metal work; and (3) ornamental and architectural metal products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing metal covered (i.e., clad) wood windows and doors--are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork;

 Manufacturing bins, cans, vats, and light tanks of sheet metal--are classified in Industry 33243, Metal Can, Box, and Other Metal Container (Light Gauge) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing prefabricated metal buildings, panels, an d sections--are classified in Industry 33231, Plate

Work and Fabricated Structur al Product Manufacturing;

 Fabricating sheet metal work on site--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors;

 Manufacturing metal stampings (except automotive, coins) and custom roll forming products--are classified in Industry 33211, Forging and Stamping;

 Manufacturing automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 33637, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping;

and

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing.

332321 Metal Window and Door Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal framed windows (i.e., typically using purchased glass) and metal doors. Examples of products made by these establishments are metal door frames; metal framed window and door screens; and metal molding and trim (except automotive).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing wood or metal covere d (i.e., clad) wood framed windows and doors--are classified in U.S. Industry 321911, Wood Window and Door Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing metal automotive molding and trim--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping.

332322 Sheet Metal Wo rk Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturin g sheet metal work (except stampings).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing sheet metal bins, vats, and light tanks of sheet metal--are classified in U.S. Industry 332439, Other Metal Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal cans, lids, and ends--are classified in U.S. Industry 332431, Metal Can Manufacturing;

 Fabricating sheet metal work on site--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors;

 Manufacturing metal stampings (except automotive, coins) and custom roll forming products--are classified in Industry 33211, Forging and Stamping;

 Manufacturing automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping;

and

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing.

332323 Ornamental and Architectura l Metal Work Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing ornamental and architectural metal work, such as staircases, metal open steel flooring, fire escapes, railings, and scaffolding.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing prefabricated metal buildings, panels, and sections are classified in U.S. Industry 332311, Prefabricated Metal Building and Component Manufacturing.

3324 Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing T33241 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing T
See industry description for 332410 below.

332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing power boilers and heat exchangers. Establishments in this industry may perform installation in addition to manufacturing power boilers and heat exchangers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing heavy gauge metal tanks--are classified in Industry 332420, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing steam or hot water low pressure heating boilers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333414, Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; and

 Installing power boilers and heat exchanges without ma nufacturing--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors.

33242 Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing T
See industry description for 332420 below.

332420 Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cutting, forming, and joining heavy gauge metal to manufacture tanks, vessels, and other containers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing power boilers--are cl assified in Industry 332410, Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing light gauge metal containers--are classified in Industry 33243, Metal Can, Box, and Other Metal Container (Light Gauge) Manufacturing; and

 Installing heavy gauge metal tanks without manufacturing--are classified in Industry 238120, Structural

Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors.

33243 Metal Can, Box, and Other Metal Container (Light Ga uge) Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in forming light gauge metal containers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing foil containers--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Reconditioning barrels and drums--are classified in Industry 81131, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and

 Manufacturing heavy gauge metal containers--are classi fied in Industry 33242, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing.

332431 Metal Can Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing metal cans, lids, and ends.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing foil containers--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing light gauge metal containers (except cans)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332439, Other Metal Container Manufacturing.

332439 Other Metal Container Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing metal (light gauge) containers (except cans).

Illustrative Examples:

Light gauge metal bins manufacturing Light gauge metal drums manufacturing Light gauge metal garbage cans manufacturing Light gauge metal lunch boxes manufacturing Light gauge metal mailboxes manufacturing Light gauge metal tool boxes manufacturing Light gauge metal vats manufacturing Metal air cargo containers manufacturing Metal barrels manufacturing Vacuum bottles and jugs manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing foil containers--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal cans--are classified in U.S. Industry 332431, Metal Can Manufacturing;

 Reconditioning barrels and drums--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and

 Manufacturing heavy gauge metal containers--are classified in Industry 332420, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing.

3325 Hardware Manufacturing T

33251 Hardware Manufacturing T
See industry description for 332510 below.

332510 Hardware Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in manufacturing metal hardware, such as metal hinges, metal handles, keys, and locks (except coin-operated, time locks).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, hose clamps, and turn-buckles--are classified in U.S. Industry 332722, Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nails and spikes from wire drawn elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 332618, Other Fabricated Wire Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal furniture parts (except hardware)- -are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing;

 Drawing wire and manufacturing nails and spikes--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pole line and transmission hardware--are classified in U.S. Industry 335932, NoncurrentCarrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; Manufacturing coin-operated locking mechanisms--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing time locks--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fireplace fixtures and equipment, traps, handcuffs and leg irons, ladder jacks, and other like metal products--are classified in U.S. Industry 3329 99, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fire hose nozzles and couplings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing luggage and utility racks--are classi fied in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing.

3326 Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing T

33261 Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing steel springs by forming, such as cutting, bending, and heat winding, metal rod or strip stock and/or (2) manufacturing wire springs and fabricated wire products from wire drawn elsewhere (except watch and clock springs).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing watch and clock springs from purchas ed wire--are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing;

 Drawing wire and manufacturing wire products--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing nonferrous insulated wire from wire drawn elsewhere--are classified in Industry 33592, Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing.

332613 Spring Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing springs from purchased wire, strip, or rod.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing watch and clock springs--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; and

 Producing wire, strip, or rod and further fabricating springs--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing.

332618 Other Fabricated Wire Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated wire products (except springs) made from purchased wire.

Illustrative Examples:

Barbed wire made from purchased wire Chain link fencing and fence gates made from purchased wire Metal baskets made from purchased wire Nails, brads, and staples made from purchased wire Noninsulated wire cable made from purchased wire Paper clips made from purchased wire Woven wire cloth made from purchased wireCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Drawing wire and manufacturing wire products--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing springs from purchased wire, strip, or rod--are classified in U.S. Industry 332613, Spring Manufacturing; and

 Insulating nonferrous wire from wire drawn elsewhere- -are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing.

3327 Machine Shops; Turned Product; an d Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing T

33271 Machine Shops T
See industry description for 332710 below.

332710 Machine Shops

This industry comprises establishments known as machine shops primarily engaged in machining metal and plastic parts and parts of other composite materials on a job or order basis. Generally machine shop jobs are low volume using machine tools, such as lathes (including computer numerically controlled); automatic screw machines; and machines for boring, grinding, and milling.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Repairing industrial machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipmen t (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and

 Manufacturing parts (except on a job or order basis) for machinery and equipment--are generally classified in the same manufacturing industry that makes complete machinery and equipment.

33272 Turned Product and Screw , Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) machining precision turned products or (2) manufacturing metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and other in dustrial fasteners. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing parts for machinery and equipment on a customized basis.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics fasteners are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing.

332721 Precision Turned Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as precision turned manufacturers primarily engaged in machining precision products of all materials on a job or order basis. Generally precision turned product jobs are large volume using machines, such as automatic screw machines, rotary tran sfer machines, computer numerically controlled (CNC) lathes, or turning centers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, and other industrial fasteners on machines, such as headers, threaders, and nut forming machines, are classified in U.S. Industry 332722, Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing.

332722 Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers, and other industrial fasteners using machines, such as headers, threaders, and nut forming machines.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing precision turned produc ts--are classified in U.S. Industry 332721, Precision Turned Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics fasteners--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing.

3328 Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities T

33281 Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) heat treating metals and metal products; (2) enameling, lacquering, and varnishing metals and metal products; (3) hot dip galvanizing metals and metal products; (4) engraving, chasing, or etch ing metals and metal products (except jewelry; personal goods carried on or about the person, such as compacts a nd cigarette cases; precious metal products (except precious plated flatware and other plated ware); and printing plates); (5) powder coating metals and metal products; (6) electroplating, plating, anodizing, coloring, and finishing metals and metal products; and (7) providing other metal surfacing services for the trade. Establishments in this industry coat, engrave, and heat treat metals and metal formed products fabr icated elsewhere.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Engraving, chasing or etching jewelry, metal personal goods, or precious (except precious plated) metal flatware and other plated ware--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing;

 Engraving, chasing or etching printing plates--are cl assified in Industry 32312, Support Activities for Printing; and

 Both fabricating and coating, engraving, and heat tr eating metals and metal products--are classified in manufacturing according to the product made.

332811 Metal Heat Treating

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily en gaged in heat treating, such as annealing, tempering, and brazing, and cryogenically treating metals and metal products for the trade.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in both fabricating and heat treating metal products are classified in the Manufacturing sector accord ing to the product made.

332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to

Manufacturers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) enameling, lacquering, and varnishing metals and metal products; (2) hot dip galvanizing metals and metal products; (3) engraving, chasing, or etching metals and metal products (except jewelry; personal goods carried on or about the person, such as compacts and cigarette cases; precious me tal products (except precious plated flatware and other plated ware); and printing plates); (4) powder coating metals and metal products; and (5) providing other metal surfacing services for the trad e. Included in this industry are establishments that perform these processes on other materials, such as plastics, in addition to metals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Both fabricating and coating and e ngraving products--are classified in the Manufacturing sector according to the product made;

 Engraving, chasing or etching jewelry, metal personal goods, or precious metal products (except precious plated metal flatware and other plat ed ware)--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; and

 Engraving, chasing or etching printing plates--are cl assified in Industry 323120, Support Activities for Printing.

332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in electroplating, plating, anodizing, coloring, buffing, polishing, cleaning, and sandblasting metals and metal products for the trade. Included in this industry are establishments that perform these processes on other materials, such as plastics, in addition to metals.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in both fabricating and electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, and coloring products are classified in the Manu facturing sector accordin g to the product made.

3329 Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated metal products (except forgings and stampings, cutlery and handtools, architectural and structural metals, boilers, tanks, shipping containers, hardware, spring and wire products, machine shop products, turned products, screws, and nuts and bolts).

33291 Metal Valve Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing one or more of the following metal valves: (1) industrial valves; (2) fluid power valves and hose fittings; (3) plumbing fixture fittings and trim; and (4) other metal valves and pipe fittings.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid power cylinders and pumps--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing intake and exhaust valves for internal combustion engines--are classified in Industry 33631, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal shower rods and metal couplings from purchased metal pipe--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics aerosol spray nozzles--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Casting iron pipe fittings and couplings without machinin g--are classified in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal Foundries; and

 Manufacturing plastics pipe fittings an d couplings--are classified in Industry 32612, Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing.

332911 Industrial Valve Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial valves and valves for water works and municipal water systems.

Illustrative Examples:

Complete fire hydrants manufacturing Industrial-type ball valves manufacturingIndustrial-type butterfly valves manufacturing Industrial-type check valves manufacturing Industrial-type gate valves manufacturing Industrial-type globe valves manufacturing Industrial-type plug valves manufacturing Industrial-type solenoid valves (except fluid power) manufacturing Industrial-type steam traps manufacturing Valves for nuclear applications manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid power valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plumbing and heating valves--are classified in U.S. In dustry 332919, Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing.

332912 Fluid Power Valve and Ho se Fitting Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing fluid power valves and hose fittings.

Illustrative Examples:

Fluid power aircraft subassemblies Hose assemblies for fluid power systems Hydraulic and pneumatic hose and tube fittings Hydraulic and pneumatic valves

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid power cylinders--are classified in U.S. Industry 333995, Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing intake and exhaust valves for internal combustion engines--are classified in Industry 336310, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial-type valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332911, Industrial Valve Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plumbing and heating valves--are classified in U.S. In dustry 332919, Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing.

332913 Plumbing Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing metal and plastics plumbing fixture fittings and trim, such as fau cets, flush valves, and shower heads.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing metal shower rods--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing fire hose nozzles, lawn hose nozzles, water traps, and couplings-- are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing.

332919 Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing metal valves (except industrial valves, fluid power valves, flui d power hose fittings, and plumbing fixture fittings and trim).

Illustrative Examples:

Aerosol valves manufacturing Firefighting nozzles manufacturing Lawn hose nozzles manufacturing Lawn sprinklers manufacturing Metal hose couplings (except fluid power) manufacturing Metal pipe flanges and flange unions manufacturing Plumbing and heating in-line valves (e.g., check, cutoff, stop) manufacturing Water traps manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid power valves and hose fittings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332911, Industrial Valve Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics aerosol spray nozzles--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Casting iron pipe fittings and couplings without machin ing--are classified in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries;

 Manufacturing metal couplings from purchased metal pipe--are classified in U.S. Industry 332996, Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing plastics pipe fittings and couplings--are classified in U.S. Industry 326122, Plastics Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing.

33299 All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing fabricated metal products (except forgings and stampings, cutlery and handtools, architectural and structural metal products, boilers, tanks, shipping containers, hardware, spring and wire products, machine shop products, turned products, screws, nuts and bolts, and metal valves).

Illustrative Examples:

Ammunition manufacturing Ball and roller bearing manufacturing Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufacturing Fabricated pipe and pipe fittings made from purchased metal pipe Foil container (except bags) manufacturing Industrial pattern manufacturing Metal safes manufacturing Portable metal ladder manufacturing Small arms and other ordnance manufacturing Steel wool manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing forgings, stampings, and powder metallurgy parts--are classified in Industry 33211, Forging and Stamping;

 Manufacturing cutlery and handtools--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing; Manufacturing architectural and struct ural metals--are classified in Indu stry Group 3323, Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing boilers, tanks, and shipping containers--are classified in Industry Group 3324, Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing hardware and safe and vault locks- -are classified in Industry 33251, Hardware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing spring and wire products--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing machine shop products, turned produc ts, screws, and nuts and bolts--are classified in Industry Group 3327, Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing;

 Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities--are classified in Industry 33281, Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities;

 Manufacturing plain bearings--are classified in Industry 33361, Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing military tanks--are classified in Industry 33699, Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing guided missiles--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cast iron pipe and fittings--are classi fied in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal Foundries;

 Manufacturing pipe system fittings (except cast iron couplings and couplings made from purchased pipe) and metal aerosol spray nozzles--are classified in Industry 33291, Metal Valve Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing welded and seamless steel pipes from pur chased steel--are classified in Industry 33121, Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manuf acturing from Purchased Steel;

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures and plastics port able chemical toilets--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing vitreous and semivitreous pottery sanita ry ware--are classified in Industry 32711, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing blasting caps, detonating caps, and safety fuses--are classified in Industry 32592, Explosives Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fireworks--are classi fied in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal furniture frames--are classified in Industry 33721, Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal mechanically refrigerated drinki ng fountains--are classifi ed in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Comm ercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal foil bags--are classified in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aluminum foil--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing;

 Manufacturing metal foil (except aluminum)--are cla ssified in Industry Group 3314, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing; and

 Manufacturing metal burial vaults--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing.

332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing ball and roller bearings of all

materials.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plain bearings are classified in U.S. Industry 333613,

Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing.332992 Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing small arms ammunition.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing ammunition (except small arms)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332993, Ammunition (except Small Arms) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing blasting and detonating caps and safety fuses--are classified in Industry 325920, Explosives Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing fireworks--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Prepara tion Manufacturing.

332993 Ammunition (except Sm all Arms) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing ammunition (except small arms). Examples of products made by these establishments are bombs, depth charges, rockets (except guided missiles), grenades, mines, and torpedoes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing small arms ammunition--are classified in U.S. Industry 332992, Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing blasting and detonating caps and safety fuses--are classified in Industry 325920, Explosives Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fireworks--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparatio n Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing guided missiles--are classified in U. S. Industry 336414, Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing.

332994 Small Arms, Ordnance, and Or dnance Accessories Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing small arms, other ordnance,

and/or ordnance accessories.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing military tanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 336992, Military Armored Vehicle, Tank, and Tank Component Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing guided missiles--are classified in U. S. Industry 336414, Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing.

332996 Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in fabricating, such as cutting, threading, and bending metal pipes and pipe fittings made from purchased metal pipe.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing cast iron pipe and fittings--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries;

 Manufacturing pipe system fittings (except cast iron couplings)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing welded and seamless steel pipes from purchased steel--are classi fied in Industry 331210, Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel.332999 All Other Miscellaneous Fabric ated Metal Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated metal products (except forgings and stampings, cutlery and handtools, architectural and structural metals, boilers, tanks, shipping containers, hardware, spring and wire products, machine shop products, turned products, screws, nuts and bolts, metal valves, ball and roller bearings, ammunition, small ar ms and other ordnances and accessories, and fabricated pipes and pipe fittings).

Illustrative Examples:

Foil containers (except bags) manufacturing Industrial pattern manufacturing Metal hair curlers manufacturing Metal ironing boards manufacturing Metal pallets manufacturing Metal pipe hangers and supports manufacturing Metal safes manufacturing Metal vaults (except burial) manufacturing Permanent metallic magnets manufacturing Portable metal ladders manufacturing Sanitary ware (e.g., bathtubs, lavatories, sinks), metal and enameled metal, manufacturing Steel wool manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing forgings and stampings--are classified in Industry 33211, Forging and Stamping;

 Manufacturing cutlery and handtools--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing architectural and struct ural metals--are classified in Indu stry Group 3323, Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing boilers, tanks, and shipping containers--are classified in Industry Group 3324, Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing hardware and safe and vault locks- -are classified in Industry 332510, Hardware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing spring and wire products--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing machine shop products, turned products, screws, and nut and bolt--are classified in Industry Group 3327, Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing;

 Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities--are classified in Industry 33281, Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities;

 Manufacturing ball and roller bearings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332991, Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing small arms ammunition--are classified in U.S. Industry 332992, Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ammunition (except small arms)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332993, Ammunition (except Small Arms) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing small firearms that are carried and fired by the individual and/or other ordnance and

accessories--are classified in U.S. Industry 332994, Small Arms, Or dnance, and Ordnance Accessories Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal pipes and pipe fittings from meta l pipe produced elsewhere--a re classified in U.S. Industry 332996, Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cast iron pipe and fittings--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries;

 Manufacturing welded and seamless steel pipes from purchased steel--are classi fied in Industry 331210, Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel; Manufacturing metal furniture frames--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing powder metallurgy parts--are classified in U.S. Industry 332117, Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal boxes--are classified in U.S. Industry 332439, Other Metal Container Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal nozzles, hose couplings, and aerosol valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal foil bags--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aluminum foil--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing;

 Manufacturing metal foil (except aluminum)--are cla ssified in Industry Group 3314, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing;

 Manufacturing metal burial vaults--are classified in U.S. Industry 339995, Burial Casket Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing vitreous and semivitreous pottery sanita ry ware--are classified in Industry 327110, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics portable chemical toilets--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing metal mechanically refrigerated drinking fountains--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.

333 Machinery Manufacturing T

Industries in the Machinery Manu facturing subsector create end products that apply mechanical force, for example, the application of gears and levers, to perfor m work. Some important pro cesses for the manufacture of machinery are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and machining that are used to shape individual pieces of metal. Processes, such as welding and assembling are used to join separate parts together. Although these processes are similar to those used in metal fabricating establishments , machinery manufacturing is different because it typically employs multiple metal forming processes in manufacturing the various parts of the machine. Moreover, complex assembly operations are an inherent part of the production process. In general, design considerations are very important in machinery production. Establishments specialize in making machinery designed for particular applications. Thus, design is considered to be part of the production process for the purpose of implementing NAICS. The NAICS structure reflects this by defining industries and industry groups that make machinery for different applications. A broad di stinction exists between machinery that is generally used in a variety of industrial applications (i.e., general purpos e machinery) and mach inery that is designed to be used in a particular industry (i.e., special pu rpose machinery). Three industry groups consist of special purpose machinery-- Agricultural, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing; Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; and Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing. The other industry groups make general-purpose machinery: Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, an d Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing; Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; and Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing.

3331 Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing T

33311 Agricultural Implement Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing farm machinery and equipment, powered mowing equipment and other powered home lawn and garden equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Combines (i.e., harvester-threshers) manufacturingCotton ginning machinery manufacturing Fertilizing machinery, farm-type, manufacturing Haying machines manufacturing Milking machines manufacturing Planting machines, farm -type, manufacturing Plows, farm-type, manufacturing Poultry brooders, feeders, and waterers manufacturing Powered lawnmowers manufacturing Snowblowers and throwers, residential-type, manufacturing Tractors and attachments, lawn and ga rden-type and farm-type, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing agricultural handtools and nonpowered lawnmowers--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing farm conveyors--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing forestry machinery and equipment, such as brush, limb and log chippers; log splitters; and equipment--are classified in Industry 33312, Construction Machinery Manufacturing.

333111 Farm Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing ag ricultural and farm machinery and equipment, and other turf and grounds care equipment, including planting, harvesting, and grass mowing equipment (except lawn and garden-type).

Illustrative Examples:

Combines (i.e., harvester-threshers) manufacturing Cotton ginning machinery manufacturing Feed processing equipment, farm-type, manufacturing Fertilizing machinery, farm-type, manufacturing Haying machines manufacturing Milking machines manufacturing Planting machines, farm -type, manufacturing Plows, farm-type, manufacturing Poultry brooders, feeders, and waterers manufacturing Tractors and attachments, farm-type, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing farm conveyors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333922, Conveyor and Conveying Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing tractors and lawnmowers for home lawn a nd garden care--are classified in U.S. Industry 333112, Lawn and Garden Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing construction-type tractors--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing.

333112 Lawn and Garden Trac tor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing powered lawnmowers, lawn and garden tractors, and other home lawn and garden equipmen t, such as tillers, shredders, yard vacuums, and leaf

blowers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing commercial mowing an d other turf and grounds care equi pment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333111, Farm Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing nonpowered lawn and garden shears, ed gers, pruners, and lawnmowe rs--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing.

33312 Construction Machinery Manufacturing T
See industry description for 333120 below.

333120 Construction Machinery Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing construction machinery, surface mining machinery, and logging equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Backhoes manufacturing Bulldozers manufacturing Construction and surface mining-typ e rock drill bits manufacturing Construction-type tractors and attachments manufacturing Off-highway trucks manufacturing Pile-driving equipment manufacturing Portable crushing, pulverizing, and screening machinery manufacturing Powered post hole diggers manufacturing Road graders manufacturing Surface mining machinery (e xcept drilling) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing drilling and underground mining machiner y and equipment--are classified in Industry 33313, Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial plant overh ead traveling cranes, hoists, truck- type cranes and hoists, winches, aerial work platforms, and automotive wrecker hoists--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing rail layers, ballast distributors and other railroad track-laying equipment--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing.

33313 Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing oil and gas field and underground mining machinery and equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Coal breakers, cutters, an d pulverizers manufacturing Core drills, underground mining-type, manufacturing Mineral processing and beneficiating machinery manufacturing Mining cars manufacturing Oil and gas field-type derricks manufacturing Oil and gas field-type drilling machinery and equipmen t (except offshore floating platforms) manufacturing Stationary rock crushing machinery manufacturing Water well drilling machinery manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing offshore oil and gas well drilling and production floating platform s--are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building;

 Manufacturing surface mining machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 33312, Construction Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coal and ore conveyors--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing underground mining locomotives--are clas sified in Industry 33651, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing pumps and pumping equipment--are cla ssified in Industry 33391, Pump and Compressor Manufacturing.

333131 Mining Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing underground mining machinery and equipment, such as coal breakers, mini ng cars, core drills, coal cutters, rock drills and (2) manufacturing mineral beneficiating machinery and eq uipment used in surface or underground mines.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing surface mining machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing well-drilling machinery--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 333132, Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coal and ore conveyors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333922, Conveyor and Conveying Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing underground mining locomotives--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing.

333132 Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) manufacturin g oil and gas field machinery and equipment, such as oil and gas field drilling machin ery and equipment; oil and gas field production machinery and equipment; and oil and gas field derricks and (2) manufacturing water well drilling machinery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing offshore oil and gas well drilling and pro duction floating platforms--a re classified in U.S. Industry 336611, Ship Building and Repairing;

 Manufacturing underground mining drills--are classified in U.S. Industry 333131, Mining Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing pumps and pumping equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing.

3332 Industrial Machin ery Manufacturing T

33324 Industrial Mach inery Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in manufacturing industrial machinery, such as food and beverage manufacturing machinery, semiconductor manufacturing machinery, sawmill and woodworking machinery (except handheld), machinery for making paper and paper products, printing and binding machinery and equipment, textile making machinery, and mach inery for making plastics and rubber products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing agricultural and farm-t ype, construction, and mining machin ery--are classified in Industry Group 3331, Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing food and beverage packaging machinery or power-driven handtools--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial and indust rial refrigeration and freezer equipmen t--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking and food warming equipment, automotive maintenance equipment (except mechanics’ handtools), or photocop iers--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machin ery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing mechanics’ handtools and other nonpowered handtools--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing.

333241 Food Product Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments pr imarily engaged in manufacturing food and beverage manufacturing-type machinery and equipment, such as dairy product plant machinery and equipment (e.g., homogenizers, pasteurizers, ice cream freezers), bakery machinery and equi pment (e.g., dough mixers, bake ovens, pastry rolling machines), meat and poultry processing a nd preparation machinery, an d other commercial food products machinery (e.g., slicers, choppers, and mixers).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing food and beverage packaging machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333993, Packaging Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial and indu strial refrigeration and freezer equi pment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking and food warm ing equipment--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing.

333242 Semiconductor Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing wafer processing equipment, semiconductor assembly and packaging equipmen t, and other semiconductor making machinery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing printed circuit board manufacturing machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249,

Other Industrial Machin ery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing semiconductor testing instruments--are classified in U.S. Indu stry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testin g Electricity and Electrical Signals.

333243 Sawmill, Woodworking, and Paper Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing sawmill and woodworking machinery (except handheld), such as circular and band sawing equipment, planing machinery, and sanding machinery, and/or (2) manufacturing paper industry machinery for making paper and paper products, such as pulp making machinery, paper and paperboard making machinery, and paper and paperboard converting machinery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing planes, axes, drawknives, and handsaws--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing; and Manufacturing printing machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333244, Printing Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing.

333244 Printing Machinery an d Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing printing and bookbinding machinery and equipment, such as printing presses, typesetting mach inery, and bind ery machinery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing textile printing machinery--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing photocopiers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333316, Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing.

333249 Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing industrial machinery (except agricultural and farm-type; construction and mining machinery; food manufacturing-type machinery; semiconductor making machinery; sawmill, woodworking, and paper making machinery; and printing machinery and equipment).

Illustrative Examples:

Chemical processing machinery and equipment manufacturing Cigarette making machinery manufacturing Glass making machinery (e.g., blowing, forming, molding) manufacturing Petroleum refining machinery manufacturing Plastics working mach inery manufacturing Rubber working mach inery manufacturing Sewing machines (including household-type) manufacturing Shoe making and repairing machinery manufacturing Tannery machinery manufacturing Textile making machinery manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing agricultural and farm-t ype, construction, and mining machin ery--are classified in Industry Group 3331, Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing food and beverage manufacturing-type machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333241,

Food Product Machin ery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing semiconductor making machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333242, Semiconductor Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing sawmill, woodworking, and paper and pape rboard making machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333243, Sawmill, Woodworking , and Paper Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing printing and bookbinding machinery and equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333244, Printing Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing automotive maintenan ce equipment (except mechanics’ ha ndtools)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing mechanics' handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing industrial metal molds for plastics and ru bber products making machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333511, Industrial Mold Manufacturing.

3333 Commercial and Service Indus try Machinery Manufacturing T33331 Commercial and Service In dustry Machinery Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in manufacturing commercia l and service machinery, such as optical instruments, photographic and photocopying equipment, automatic vending machinery, commercial laundry and dry-cleaning machinery, office machinery, automotive maintena nce equipment (except mechanics’ handtools), and commercial-type cooking equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing computer and peripheral equipment (including point-of-sale terminals and automatic teller machines (ATMs))--are classified in Industry 33411, Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing facsimile equipment--a re classified in Industry 33421, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing timeclocks, timestamps, and electron and proton microscopes--are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pencil sharpeners and staplers--are classified in Industry 33994, Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing sensitized film, paper, cloth, and plates , and prepared photographic chemicals--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ophthalmic focus lens es--are classified in Industry 339 11, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing television and video cameras--are classified in Subsect or 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coin-operated arcade games--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing mechanics' handtools--are classifi ed in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classi fied in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are cla ssified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing.

333314 Optical Instrument an d Lens Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing optical instruments and lens, such as binoculars, microscopes (except electron, proton), telescopes, prisms, and lenses (except ophthalmic); (2) coating or polishing lenses (except ophthalmic); and (3) mounting lenses (except ophthalmic).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing ophthalmic focus lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electron and proton mi croscopes--are classified in U. S. Industry 334516, Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing.

333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing photographic and photocopying equipment, such as cameras (except television and video), projectors, film developing equipment, photocopying equipment, and microfilm equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing sensitized film, paper, cloth, and plates , and prepared photographic chemicals--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing photographic lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 333314, Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing television and video cameras--are classified in Subsect or 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing.

333318 Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing commercial and service industry equipment (except optical instruments and lenses, and photographic and photocopying equipment).

Illustrative Examples:

Calculators manufacturing Carnival and amusement park rides manufacturing Carwashing machinery manufacturing Commercial-type coffee makers and urns manufacturing Commercial-type cooking equipment (i.e., fryers, microwave ovens, ovens, ranges) manufacturing Industrial and commercial-type vacuum cleaners manufacturing Laundry machinery and equipment (except household-type) manufacturing Mechanical carpet sweepers manufacturing Motor vehicle alignment equipment manufacturing Power washer cleaning equipment manufacturing Teaching machines (e.g., flight simulators) manufacturing Vending machines manufacturing Water treatment equipment manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing optical instruments and lenses--are classified in U.S. In dustry 333314, Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing photographic and photocopying equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333316, Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing mechanics' handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coin-operated arcade games--are classified in U.S. Industry 339999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing computers and peripheral (including po int-of-sale terminals and automatic teller machines (ATMs)) equipment--are classified in Industry 33411, Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing facsimile equipment--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing timeclocks and timestamps--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing pencil sharpeners, staplers, staple removers, hand paper punches, cutters, trimmers, and other hand office equipment--are classified in Industry 339940, Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing.3334 Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeratio n Equipment Manufacturing T

33341 Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing ventilating, heating, air-conditioning,

and commercial and industrial re frigeration and freezer equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Air-conditioner filters manufacturing Air-conditioning and warm air heating combination units manufacturing Attic fans manufacturing Dust and fume collecting equipment manufacturing Gas fireplaces manufacturing Heating boilers manufacturing Industrial and commercial-type fans manufacturing Refrigerated counter and display cases manufacturing Refrigerated drinking fountains manufacturing Space heaters (except portable electric) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing household-type fans (except attic), portable electric space heaters, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and air purification e quipment--are classified in Industry 33521, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type appliances, such as co oking stoves, ranges, refrigerators, and freezers--are classified in Industry 33522, Major Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment--a re classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Mach inery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial, power, and marine boilers--are classified in Industry 33241, Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial process fu rnaces and ovens--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditi oning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 33639, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing.

333413 Industrial and Commercial Fan and Blower an d Air Purification Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) manufacturing stationary air purification equipment, such as industrial dust and fume collection eq uipment, electrostatic precip itation equipment, warm air furnace filters, air washers, and other dust collection equipm ent, and/or (2) manufacturing attic fans and industrial and commercial fans and blowers, such as comme rcial exhaust fans and commercial ventilating fans.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditi oning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing household-type fans (except attic) and por table air purification equipm ent--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electri cal Appliance Manufacturing.333414 Heating Equipment (except Wa rm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing heating equipment (except electric and warm air furnaces), such as heating boile rs, heating stoves, floor and wall furnaces, and wall and baseboard heating units.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing warm air furnaces--are classified in U.S. Industry 333 415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industr ial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric space heaters--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type cooking stoves and ranges--are classified in U.S. Industry 335221, Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial, power, and marine boilers--are classified in Industry 332410, Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial process fu rnaces and ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 33 3994, Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing.

333415 Air-Conditioni ng and Warm Air Heating Equipment an d Commercial and Industr ial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) manufacturing air-conditioning (except motor vehicle) and warm air furnace eq uipment and/or (2) manufacturing comme rcial and industrial refrigeration and freezer equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Air-conditioning and warm air heating combination units manufacturing Air-conditioning compre ssors (except motor vehicle) manufacturing Air-conditioning condensers and condensing units manufacturing Dehumidifiers (except portab le electric) manufacturing Heat pumps manufacturing Humidifying equipment (except portable) manufacturing Refrigerated counter and display cases manufacturing Refrigerated drinking fountains manufacturing Snow making machinery manufacturing Soda fountain cooling and dispensing equipment manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditi oning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type refr igerators and freezers--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 335222, Household Refrigerator and Home Freezer Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing portable electric space heaters, humidifiers, and dehumidi fiers--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Ap pliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing heating boilers, heating stoves, fl oor and wall mount furnaces, and electric wall and baseboard heating units--are classified in U.S. Industry 333414, Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing furnace air f ilters--are classified in U.S. Industry 333413, Industrial and Commercial Fan

and Blower and Air Purificatio n Equipment Manufacturing.3335 Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing T

33351 Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metalworking machinery, such as metal cutting and metal forming machine tools; cutting tools; and accessories fo r metalworking machinery; special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures; industrial molds; ro lling mill machinery; assembly machinery; coil handling, conversion, or straightening equipment; and wire drawing and fabricating machines.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing handtools (except power-driven), cutti ng dies (except metal cutting), sawblades, and handsaws--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing casting molds for heav y steel ingots--are classified in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal Foundries; and

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools and welding and soldering equipment--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing.

333511 Industrial Mold Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing industrial molds for casting metals or forming other materials, such as plastics, glass, or rubber.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing castin g molds for steel ingots are classified in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries.

333514 Special Die and Tool, Die Set, Jig, and Fixture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments, known as tool and die shops, primarily engaged in manufacturing special tools and fixtures, such as cutting dies and jigs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing molds for die-casting and foundry castin g; and metal molds for plaster working, rubber working, plastics working, and glass working machinery--a re classified in U.S. Industry 333511, Industrial Mold Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing molds for heavy steel ingots--are classified in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries; and

 Manufacturing cutting dies for materials other than me tal--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing.

333515 Cutting Tool an d Machine Tool Accessory Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing accessories and attachments for metal cutting and metal forming machine tools.

Illustrative Examples:

Knives and bits for metalworking lathes, planers, and shapers manufacturing Measuring attachments (e.g., sine ba rs) for machine tool manufacturing Metalworking drill bits manufacturing Taps and dies (i.e., machine tool accessories) manufacturingCross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sa w blades and handsaws or a ccessories and attachments for cutting and forming machines (except metal cutting, metal forming machinery) are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing.

333517 Machine Tool Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) manufacturing metal cutting machine tools (except handtools) and/or (2) manufacturing metal forming machine tools (except handtools), such as punching, sheering, bending, forming, pressi ng, forging and die-casting machines.

Illustrative Examples:

Bending and forming machines, metalworking, manufacturing Buffing and polishing machines, metalworking, manufacturing Drilling machines, metalworking, manufacturing Grinding machines, metalworking, manufacturing Home workshop metal cutting machine tools (except handtools, welding equipment) manufacturing Metalworking lathes manufacturing Milling machines, metalworking, manufacturing Stamping machines, metalworking, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing welding and soldering equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333992, Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rolling mill machinery and equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333519, Rolling Mill and Other Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing accessories and attachments for metal formin g machine tools--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 333515, Cutting Tool and Machine Tool Accessory Manufacturing.

333519 Rolling Mill and Other Metalw orking Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing rolling mill machinery and equipment and/or other metal working machinery (except industrial molds; special dies and tools, die sets, jigs, and fixtures; cutting tools and machine t ool accessories; and machine tools).

Illustrative Examples:

Assembly machines manufacturing Cradle assemblies machinery (i.e., wi re making equipment) manufacturing Metalworking coil winding and cutting machinery manufacturing Rolling mill roll machines, metalworking, manufacturing Wire drawing and fabricating machinery an d equipment (except dies) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing industrial molds--are classified in U.S. Industry 333511, Industrial Mold Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal cutting and metal forming machine tools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333517, Machine Tool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing special dies and tools, die sets, jigs, and fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 333514, Special Die and Tool, Die Set, Ji g, and Fixture Manufacturing; and Manufacturing cutting tools and machin e tool accessories--are classified in U.S. Industry 333515, Cutting

Tool and Machine Tool A ccessory Manufacturing.

3336 Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing T

33361 Engine, Turbine, and Power Tr ansmission Equipment Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing turbines, power transmission equipment, and internal combustion engines (except automotive gasoline and aircraft).

Illustrative Examples:

Clutches and brakes (except electromagnetic indu strial controls, motor vehicle) manufacturing

Diesel and semidiesel engines manufacturing Electric outboard motors manufacturing Plain bearings (except internal combustion engine) manufacturing Plain bushings (except internal combustion engine) manufacturing Power transmission pulleys manufacturing Speed changers (i.e., power transmission equipment) manufacturing Speed reducers (i.e., power transmission equipment) manufacturing Turbine generator set units manufacturing Universal joints (except aircra ft, motor vehicle) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing motor vehicle power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry 33635, Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aircraft engi nes and aircraft power transmission equi pment--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ball and roller bearings--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing gasoline automotive engines--are classified in Industry 33631, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing electric power transm ission, electric power distribution equipment, generators, or prime mover generator sets (except turbines)--are cla ssified in Industry 3353 1, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing.

333611 Turbine and Turbine Genera tor Set Units Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing turb ines (except aircraft); and complete turbine generator set units, such as steam, hydraulic, gas, and wind.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing aircraft turbines--are classified in U.S. Industry 336412, Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing generators or prime mover generator sets (except turbines)--are classified in U.S. Industry 335312, Motor and Generator Manufacturing.

333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gears, speed changers, and industrial high-speed drives (except hydrostatic).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing motor vehicle power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry 336350, Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aircraft power transmission equipment --are classified in U.S. Industry 336413, Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing industrial hydrostatic transmissions--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing.

333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing mechanical power transmission equipment (except motor vehicle and ai rcraft), such as plain bearings, clutches (except motor vehicle and electromagnetic industrial control), couplings, joints, and drive chains.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing motor vehicle power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry 336350, Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aircraft power transmission equipment --are classified in U.S. Industry 336413, Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ball and roller bearings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332991, Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing gears, speed changers, and industrial high-speed drives (except hydrostatic)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333612, Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing.

333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing internal combustion engines (except automotive gasoline and aircraft).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing gasoline motor vehicle engines and motor vehicle transmissions--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing gasoline aircraft en gines and aircraft transmissions--a re classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing turbine and turbine generator sets units--a re classified in U.S. In dustry 333611, Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing speed changers and industrial high-speed drivers and gears--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 333612, Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing mechanical power tr ansmission equipment (except mo tor vehicle and aircraft)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333613, Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing.

3339 Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing T

33391 Pump and Compressor Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pumps and compressors, such as general purpose air and gas compressors, nonagricultural sp raying and dusting equipment, general purpose pumps and pumping equipment (except fluid power pumps and motors), and measuring and dispensing pumps.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors and handheld pneumatic spray guns--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; Manufacturing agricultural spraying and dusting equipment--are classified in Industry 33311, Agricultural Implement Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing laboratory vacuum pumps--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pumps and air-conditioning systems and compressors for motor vehicles--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing air-conditioning systems and compressors (except motor vehicle)--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.

333911 Pump and Pumping E quipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose pumps and pumping equipment (except fluid power pumps and motors), such as reciprocating pumps, turbine pumps, centrifugal pumps, rotary pumps, diaphragm pumps, domestic water system pumps, oil well and oil field pumps and

sump pumps.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing measuring and dispensing pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 333913, Measuring and Dispensing Pump Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing vacuum pumps (except laboratory)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333912, Air and Gas Compressor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing laboratory vacuum pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing fluid pumps for motor vehicles, such as oil pumps, water pumps, and power steering pumps--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing.

333912 Air and Gas Compressor Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose air and gas compressors, such as reciprocating compressors, centrifugal compressors, vacuum pumps (except laboratory), and nonagricultural spraying and dusting compressors and spray gun units.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing refrigeration and air-conditioning (e xcept motor vehicle) syst ems and compressors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditi oning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing agricultural spraying and dusting equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333111, Farm Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing laboratory vacuum pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing handheld pneumatic spray guns--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing.

333913 Measuring and Dispensing Pump Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing measuring and dispensing pumps, such as gasoline pumps and lubricating oil measuring and dispensing pumps.Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pumps and pumping equipment for general industrial use are classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing.

33392 Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing material handling equipment, such as elevators and moving stairs; conveyors and conveying equipment; overhead traveling cranes, hoists, and monorail systems; and industrial trucks, tractor s, trailers, and stacker machinery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing motor vehicle-type trailers--are classi fied in Industry 33621, Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing farm-type tractors--are classified in In dustry 33311, Agricultural Implement Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing construction-type tractors and cranes--are classified in Industry 33312, Construction Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing power transmission pulleys--are classified in Industry 33361, Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing.

333921 Elevator and Moving Stairway Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing elevators and moving stairways.

Illustrative Examples:

Automobile lifts (i.e., garage-typ e, service station) manufacturing Escalators manufacturing Moving walkways manufacturing Passenger and freight elevators manufacturing

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing comm ercial conveyor systems and equipment are classified in U.S. Industry 333922, Conveyor and Conveying Equipment Manufacturing.

333922 Conveyor and Conveying Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing conveyors and conveying equipment, such as gravity conveyors , trolley conveyors, tow conveyors, pneumatic tube conveyors, carousel conveyors, farm conveyors, and belt conveyors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing passenger or freight elevators, dumbwaite rs, and moving stairways--are classified in U.S. Industry 333921, Elevator and Moving Stairway Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing overhead traveling cranes and monora il systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 333923, Overhead Traveling Crane, Hoist, and Monorail System Manufacturing.

333923 Overhead Traveling Crane, Hoist, and Monorail System Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing overh ead traveling cranes, hoists, and monorail systems.Illustrative Examples:

Aerial work platforms manufacturing Automobile wrecker (i.e., tow truck) hoists manufacturing Block and tackle manufacturing Metal pulleys (except power transmission) manufacturing Winches manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing construction-type cranes--are cla ssified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing aircraft loading hoists --are classified in U.S. Industry 333924, Industrial Truck, Tractor, Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing power transmission pulleys--are classified in U.S. Industry 333613, Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing.

333924 Industrial Truck, Trac tor, Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing industrial trucks, tractors, trailers, and stackers (i.e., truck-type) such as forklifts, pallet loaders and unloaders, and portable loading docks.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing motor vehicle-type trailers--are classi fied in Industry 33621, Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing farm-type tractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333111, Farm Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing construction-type tractors--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing.

33399 All Other General Purp ose Machinery Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose machinery (except ventilation, heating, air-conditioning, and commercial refri geration equipment; metal working machinery; engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment; pumps and compressors; and material handling equipment).

Illustrative Examples:

Automatic fire sprinkler systems manufacturing Bridge and gate lifting machinery manufacturing Fluid power cylinders manufacturing Fluid power pumps manufacturing Hydraulic and pneumatic jacks manufacturing Industrial-type furnaces manufacturing Packaging machinery manufacturing Power-driven handtools manufacturing Scales manufacturing Welding equipment manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing ventilating, heating, air-conditioning (e xcept motor vehicle), commercial refrigeration, and furnace filters--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metalworking machinery--are classified in Industry Group 3335, Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry Group 3336, Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing pumps and compressors--are classi fied in Industry 33391, Pump and Compressor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing material handling equipment--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditioning systems and compressors, engine filters, and pumps--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal cutting and metal forming machinery- -are classified in Industry 33351, Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing power driven heavy construction and mining hand operated tools, such as tampers and augers--are classified in Industries 33312, Construction Machinery Manufacturing and 33313, Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing bakery ovens and industrial kilns, such as cement, wood, and chemical--are classified in Industry 33324, Industrial Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing mechanical jacks, handheld soldering ir ons, countersink bits, drill bits, router bits, milling cutters, and other machine tools for woodcutting--are cl assified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing carnival amusement park equipment, automotive maintenance equipment, and coin-operated vending machines--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing transformers for arc-welding--are cl assified in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing.

333991 Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing power-driven (e.g., battery, corded, pneumatic) handtools, such as drills, screwguns, circular saws, chain saws, staplers, and nailers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing metal cutting-type and metal forming-type machines (including home workshop)--are classified in Industry 33351, Metalw orking Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing countersink bits, dr ill bits, router bits, milling cutters, and other machine tools for woodcutting--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blad e and Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing power-driven heavy construction or mining hand operated tools, such as tampers, jackhammers, and augers--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing and Industry 33313, Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing powered home lawn and garden equipment --are classified in U.S. Industry 333112, Lawn and Garden Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing.

333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing welding and soldering equipment and accessories (except transformers), such as arc, resist ance, gas, plasma, laser, electron beam, and ultrasonic welding equipment; welding electrodes; coated or cored welding wire; and soldering equipment (except handheld).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing handheld soldering irons--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing transformers for arc-welding--are classified in U.S. Industry 335311, Power, Distribution, and Specialty Transformer Manufacturing.

333993 Packaging Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing packaging machinery, such as wrapping, bottling, canning, and labeling machinery.

333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing

This U.S. Industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing industrial process ovens, induction and dielectric heating equipmen t, and kilns (except cement, chemical, wood). Included in this industry are establishments manufacturing la boratory furnaces and ovens.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing bakery ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 333241, Food Product Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cement, wood, and chem ical kilns--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing cremating ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 333999, All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing.

333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fluid power (i.e., hydraulic and pneumatic) cylinders and actuators.

333996 Fluid Power Pump an d Motor Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fluid power (i.e., hydraulic and pneumatic) pumps and motors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing fluid pumps for motor vehicles, such as oil pumps, water pumps, and power steering pumps--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing general purpose pumps (except fluid power)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing air compressors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333912, Air and Gas Compressor Manufacturing.

333997 Scale and Balance Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing scales and balances, including

those used in laboratories.

333999 All Other Miscellaneous Genera l Purpose Machinery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing general purpose machinery (except ventilating, heating, air-conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipment; metal working machinery; engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment; pumps and compressors; material handling equipment; power-driven handtools; welding and soldering equipment; pack aging machinery; industrial process furnaces and ovens; fluid power cylinders and actuators; fluid power pumps and motors; and scales and balances).

Illustrative Examples:

Automatic fire sprinkler systems manufacturing Baling machinery (e.g., paper, scrap metal) manufacturing Bridge and gate lifting machinery manufacturing Centrifuges, industrial- and laboratory-type, manufacturing Cremating ovens manufacturing General purpose-type sieves and screening equipment manufacturing Hydraulic and pneumatic jacks manufacturing Industrial and general line filters (except internal combustion engine, warm air furnace) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing ventilating, heating, air-conditioning (except motor vehicle), and commercial refrigeration-- are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, H eating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditi oning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing material handling equipment--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing welding and soldering equipment (except handheld soldering irons)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333992, Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing packaging machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333993, Packaging Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing bakery ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 333241, Food Product Machinery Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cement, wood, and chem ical kilns--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial process fu rnaces and ovens (except bakery)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333994, Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fluid power cylinders and actuators--are classified in U.S. Industry 333995, Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing scales and balances--are classified in U.S. Industry 333997, Scale and Balance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing carnival and amusement park equipment, automotive maintenance equipment and coinoperated vending machines--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle engine filters and pump s--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing mechanical jacks--a re classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing.

334 Computer and Electroni c Product Manufacturing T

Industries in the Computer and Electronic Product Manufactur ing subsector group establishments that manufacture computers, computer peripherals, communications equipment, and similar electronic products, and establishments that manufacture components for such products. The Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing industries have been combined in the hierarchy of NAICS because of the economic significance they have attained. Theirrapid growth suggests that they will become even more important to the economies of all three North American countries in the future, and in addition their manufact uring processes are fundamentally different from the manufacturing processes of other machinery and equipment. The design and use of integrated circuits and the application of highly specialized miniaturization technolo gies are common elements in the production technologies of the computer and electronic subsector. Convergen ce of technology motivates this NAICS subsector. Digitalization of sound recording, for example, causes both the medium (the compact disc) and the equipment to resemble the technologies for recording, storing, transmitting, and manipulating data. Communications technology and equipment have been converging w ith computer technology. When tech nologically-related components are in the same sector, it makes it easier to adjust the classification for future changes, without needing to redefine its basic structure. The creation of the Comput er and Electronic Product Manufacturing subsector assists in delineating new and emerging industries because the activities that will serv e as the probable sources of new industries, such as computer manufacturing and communications equipment manufacturing, or computers and audio equipment, are brought together. As new activities emerge, they are less lik ely therefore, to cross the subsector boundaries of the

classification.

3341 Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing T

33411 Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or assembling electronic computers, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations, laptops, and computer servers; and computer peripheral equipment, such as storage devices, printers, monitors, input/output devices and terminals. Computers can be analog, digital, or hybrid. Digital computers, the most common type, are devices that do all of the following: (1) store the processing program or programs and the data immediately necessary for th e execution of the program; (2) can be freely programmed in acco rdance with the requir ements of the user; (3) perform arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (4) execute, without human intervention, a processing program that requires the computer to modify its execution by logical decision during the processing run. Analog computers are capable of simulating mathematical models and comprise at least analog, control, and programming elements.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing digital telecommunications switches, local area network and wide area network communications equipment, such as bridges, routers, and gateways--are classified in Industry 33421, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing blank magnetic and optical recordin g media--are classified in Industry 33461, Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media;

 Manufacturing machinery or equipm ent that incorporate electronic co mputers for operation or control purposes and embedded control applications--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on the classification of the complete machinery or equipment;

 Manufacturing external audio speakers for computer use--are classified in Industry 33431, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing internal loaded printed circuit board devices, such as sound, video, controller, and network interface cards; internal and external computer mode ms; and semiconductor storage devices--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computers, storage devices and other peripheral equipment--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their associated production processes.

334111 Electronic Comput er Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing and/or assembling electronic computers, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations, laptops, and computer servers. Computers can be analog, digital, or hybrid. Digital computers, the most common type, are devices that do all of the following: (1) store the processing program or programs and the data imme diately necessary for the exec ution of the program; (2)can be freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (3) pe rform arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (4) execute, without human intervention, a processing program that requires the computer to modify its execution by logical decision during the processing run. Analog computers are capable of simulating mathematical models and contain at least analog, cont rol, and programming elemen ts. The manufacture of computers includes the assembly or integration of processors, coprocessors, memory, storage, and input/output devices into a user-programmable final product.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing digital telecommunications switches, local area network and wide area network communication equipment, such as bridges, routers, and gateways--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing blank magnetic and optical recording medi a--are classified in U.S. Industry 334613, Blank Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing machinery or equipmen t that incorporates electronic co mputers for operation or control purposes and embedded control applications--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on the classification of the complete machinery or equipment;

 Manufacturing internal, loaded, printed circuit board devices, such as sound, video, controller, and network interface cards; internal and external computer modems ; and solid state storage devices for computers--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computers--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their associated pr oduction processes; and

 Retailing computers with on-site assembly--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores.

334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing computer storage devices that allow the storage and retrieval of data from a phase change, magnetic, optical, or magnetic/optical media. Examples of products made by these establishments are CD-ROM drives, floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, and tape storage and backup units.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing blank magnetic and optical recording medi a--are classified in U.S. Industry 334613, Blank Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing semiconductor storage devices, such as memory chips--are classified in U.S. Industry 334413, Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing drive controller cards, internal or extern al to the storage device--a re classified in U.S. Industry 334418, Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computer storage devices--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their associated production processes.

334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment (except storage devices).

Illustrative Examples:

Automatic teller machines (ATM) manufacturing Computer terminals manufacturing Joystick devices manufacturing Keyboards, computer peripheral equipment, manufacturing Monitors, computer peripheral equipment, manufacturing Mouse devices, computer peripheral equipment, manufacturingOptical readers and scanners manufacturing Plotters, computer, manufacturing Point-of-sale terminals manufacturing Printers, computer, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing local area network and wide area network communications equipment, such as bridges, routers, and gateways--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing computer storage devi ces--are classified in U.S. Indust ry 334112, Computer Storage Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing external audio speakers for computer use--are classified in Industry 334310, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing internal, loaded, printed circuit board devices, such as sound, video, controller, and network interface cards; and internal and external computer mode ms used as computer peripherals--are classified in U.S. Industry 334418, Printed Circuit Asse mbly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing digital cameras--are classified in U.S. Industry 333316, Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computer peripheral equipment--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their associated production processes.

3342 Communications Equipment Manufacturing T

33421 Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing T
See industry description for 334210 below.

334210 Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wire telephone and data communications equipment. These products may be standal one or board-level components of a larger system. Examples of products made by these establishments are central office switching equipment, cordless telephones (except cellular), PBX equipment, telephones, telephon e answering machines, LAN modems, multi-user modems, and other data communications equipment, such as bridges, routers, and gateways.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing internal and external computer modems , single-user fax/modems and electronic components used in telephone apparatus--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing cellular telephones--are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing.

33422 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing T
See industry description for 334220 below.

334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing radio and television broadcast and wireless communications equipment. Examples of products made by these establishments are: transmitting and receiving antennas, cable television eq uipment, GPS equipment, pagers, cellu lar phones, mobile communications equipment, and radio and television studio and broadcasting equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing household-type audio and video equipment, such as televisions and radio sets--are classified in Industry 334310, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing wired and nonwired in tercommunications equipment (i.e., intercoms)--are classified in Industry 334290, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing equipment for measuring and testing communications signals--are classified in U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Meas uring and Testing Electric ity and Electrical Signals.

33429 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing T
See industry description for 334290 below.

334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing communications equipment (except telephone apparatus, and radio and television broadcast, and wireless communications equipment).

Illustrative Examples:

Fire detection and alarm systems manufacturing Intercom systems and equipment manufacturing Signals (e.g., highway, pedestrian, railway, traffic) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing telephone apparatus--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing radio and television broadcast and wireless communications equipment--are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing automobile audio and related equipment--are classified in Industry 334310, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing.

3343 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing T

33431 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing T
See industry description for 334310 below.

334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electronic audio and video equipment for home entertainment, motor vehicles, and public address and musical instrument amplification. Examples of products made by these establishments are video cassette recorders, televisions, stereo equipment, speaker systems, household-type video cameras, jukeboxes, and amplifiers for musical instruments and public address systems.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing telephone answering machines--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing photographic (i.e., still and motion pictur e) equipment--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 333316, Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing phonograph needles and cartridges--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing auto theft alarms--are classified in Industry 334290, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing mobile radios, such as citizens band and FM transceivers for household or motor vehicle uses; studio and broadcast video cameras; and cable decoders and satellite television equipment--areclassified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing.

3344 Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing T

33441 Semiconductor and Other El ectronic Component Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing semiconductors and other components for electronic applications. Examples of products made by these establishments are capacitors, resistors, microprocessors, bare and loaded prin ted circuit boards, electron tubes, electronic connectors, and computer

modems.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing X-ray tubes--are classi fied in Industry 33451, Navigatio nal, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass blanks for electron tubes--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing telephone system components or modules--are classified in Industry 33421, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing finished products th at incorporate loaded printed circ uit boards--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on the production process of making the final product;

 Manufacturing communications antennas--are classified in Industry 33422, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing coils, switche s, transformers, connectors, capacitors , rheostats, and similar devices for electrical applications--are classified in Subsector 335, Electrical Eq uipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing.

334412 Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing bare (i.e., rigid or flexible) printed circuit boards without mounted electronic components. These establishments print, perforate, plate, screen, etch, or photoprint interconnecting pathways for electric current on laminates.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Loading components onto printed circuit boards, or whose output is loaded printed circuit boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 334418, Printed Circu it Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing printed circuit laminates--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing.

334413 Semiconductor and Rela ted Device Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing semiconductors and related solid state devices. Examples of products made by these es tablishments are integrated circuits, memory chips, microprocessors, diodes, transistors, sola r cells and other optoelectronic devices.

334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transf ormer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing electronic fixed and variable capacitors and condensers; (2 ) manufacturing electronic resistors, such as fixed and variable resistors, resistor networks, thermistors, and varistors; and (3) manufacturing electronic inductors, such as

coils and transformers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing electrical capacitors for power generation and distribution, heavy industrial equipment, induction heating and melting, and similar industrial applications--are classified in U.S. Industry 335999, All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic rheostats--a re classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing electrical transformers used in the generation, storage, transmission, transformation, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy--a re classified in U.S. Industry 335311, Power, Distribution, and Specialty Transformer Manufacturing.

334417 Electronic Connect or Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing el ectronic connectors, such as coaxial, cylindrical, rack and panel, pin and sleeve, printed circuit and fiber optic.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing elect rical connectors, such as plug s, bus bars, twist on wire connectors and terminals, are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing.

334418 Printed Circuit Assembly (El ectronic Assembly) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in loading components onto printed circuit boards or who manufacture and ship loaded printed circuit boards . Also known as printed circuit assemblies, electronics assemblies, or modules, these products are printed circuit boards that have some or all of the semiconductor and electronic components inserted or mounted and are inputs to a wide variety of electronic systems and devices.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing printed circuit laminates--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing bare printed circuit boards--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 334412, Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing telephone system components or modules--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing finished products th at incorporate loaded printed circ uit boards--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on the production process of making the final product.

334419 Other Electronic Co mponent Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing electronic components (except bare printed circuit boards; semiconductors and related devices; electronic capacitors; electronic resistors; coils, transformers and other inductors; connectors; and loaded printed circuit boards).

Illustrative Examples:

Crystals and crystal assemblie s, electronic, manufacturing Electron tubes manufacturing LCD (liquid crystal display) unit screens manufacturing Microwave components manufacturing Piezolelectric devices manufacturing Printed circuit laminates manufacturing Switches for electronic applications manufacturing Transducers (except pressure) manufacturingCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing bare printed circuit boards--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 334412, Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing semiconductors, photonic integrated circu its, and/or silicon wave guides--are classified in U.S. Industry 334413, Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic capacitors, el ectronic resistors, and electronic in ductors--are classified in U.S. Industry 334416, Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic connectors- -are classified in U.S. Industry 334417, Electronic Connector Manufacturing;

 Loading components onto printed circuit boards or whose output is loaded printed circuit boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 334418, Printed Circ uit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing communications antennas--are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing X-ray tubes--are classified in U.S. In dustry 334517, Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing;

and

 Manufacturing glass blanks for electron tubes--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing.

3345 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing T

33451 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedica l, and Control Instru ments Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments. Examples of pr oducts made by these establishments are aeronautical instruments, appliance regulators and controls (except sw itches), laboratory analytical instruments, navigation and guidance systems, and physical properties testing equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing global positioning system (GPS) equipment--are classified in Industry 33422, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor control switches and relays (inc luding timing relays)--are classified in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing switches for appliances--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing optical instruments--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass watch and clock crystals--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics watch and clock crystals--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing medical thermometers and other nonelectri cal medical apparatus--are classified in Industry Group 3391, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing.

334510 Electromedical and Electrother apeutic Apparatus Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manuf acturing electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus, such as magnetic resona nce imaging equipment, medi cal ultrasound equipment, pacemakers, hearing aids, electrocardiographs , and electromedical en doscopic equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing medical irradiation apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334517, Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; and Manufacturing nonelectrical medical and therapeutic ap paratus--are classified in Industry Group 3391, Medical Equipment and Su pplies Manufacturing.

334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical systems and instruments. Examples of products made by these establishments are aircraft instruments (except engine), flight recorders, navigational instruments and systems, radar systems and equipment, and sonar systems and equipment.

Cross-References. Establishmen ts primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing global positioning system (GPS) equipment--are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing aircraft engine instruments and meteorological systems and equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing.

334512 Automatic Environmen tal Control Manufacturing for Reside ntial, Commercial, an d Appliance Use

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing automatic controls and regulators for applications, such as heating, air- conditioning, refrigeration and appliances.

Cross-References. Establishmen ts primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing industrial process cont rols--are classified in U.S. Indust ry 334513, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying , and Controlling Industrial Process Variables;

 Manufacturing motor control switches and relays--are classified in U.S. Industry 335314, Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing switches for appliances--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing appliance timers--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing.

334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufact uring for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling

Industrial Process Variables

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing instruments and related devices for measuring, displaying, indicating, recording, transmitt ing, and controlling industrial process variables. These instruments measure, display or control (monitor, analyze, and so forth) industrial process variables, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, vacuum, combustion, flow , level, viscosity, density, acidity, concentration, and

rotation.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing instruments for measuring or testing of electricity and electrical si gnals--are classified in U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals;

 Manufacturing medical thermometers--are classified in U.S. Industry 339112, Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass hydrometers and thermometers fo r other nonmedical uses--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing instruments and instrume ntation systems for laboratory anal ysis of samples--are classified in U.S. Industry 334516, Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; and Manufacturing optical alignment an d display instruments, optical co mparators, and optical test and inspection equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333314, Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing.

334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing totalizing (i.e., registering) fluid meters and counting devices. Examples of products made by these establishments are gas consumption meters, water consumption meters, parking meters, taxi meters, motor vehicle gauges, and fare collection equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing integrating meters and counters for meas uring the characteristics of electricity and electrical signals--are classified in U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Elect rical Signals; and

 Manufacturing instruments and devices that measure, display, or control (i.e., monitor or analyze) related industrial process variables--are classified in U.S. Industry 33451 3, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables.

334515 Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring an d Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing instruments for measuring and testing the characteristics of electricity and electrical signals. Examples of products made by these establishments are circuit and continuity testers, voltmeters, ohm me ters, wattmeters, multimeters, and semiconductor test equipment.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electronic monitoring, evaluating, and other electronic support equipment for navigational, radar, and sonar systems are classified in U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nauti cal System and Instrument Manufacturing.

334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing instruments and instrumentation systems for laboratory analysis of the chemical or physical composition or concentration of samples of solid, fluid, gaseous, or composite material.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing instruments for monitoring and analyzing continuous samples from medical patients--are classified in U.S. Industry 3345 10, Electromedical and Electrotherapeu tic Apparatus Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing instruments and related devices that measure, display, or control (i.e., monitor or analyze) industrial process variables--are classified in U.S. Industry 33451 3, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables.

334517 Irradiation Appa ratus Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing irradiation apparatus and tubes for applications, such as medical diag nostic, medical therapeutic, industrial, research and scientific evaluation. Irradiation can take the form of beta-rays, gamma-rays, X-rays, or other ionizing radiation.

334519 Other Measuring and Cont rolling Device Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing measuring and controlling devices (except search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical instruments and systems; automatic environmental controls for residential, commerc ial, and appliance use; instruments for measurement,display, and control of industrial process variables; totalizing fluid meters and counting devices; instruments for measuring and testing electric ity and electrical signals; analytical laborat ory instruments; irradiation equipment; and electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus).

Illustrative Examples:

Aircraft engine instruments manufacturing Automotive emissions testing equipment manufacturing Clocks assembling Meteorological instruments manufacturing Physical properties testing and inspection equipment manufacturing Polygraph machines manufacturing Radiation detection and monitoring instruments manufacturing Surveying instruments manufacturing Thermometers, liquid-in-glass and bimetal types (except medical), manufacturing Watches and parts (except crystals) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing medical thermometers--are classified in U.S. Industry 339112, Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical systems and instruments-- are classified in U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing automatic controls and regulators fo r applications, such as heating, air-conditioning, refrigeration and appliances--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 334512, Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use;

 Manufacturing instruments and related devices that measure, display, or control (i.e., monitor or analyze) industrial process variables--are classified in U.S. Industry 33451 3, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables;

 Manufacturing totalizing (i.e., registering) fluid meters and counting devices, including motor vehicle gauges--are classified in U.S. Industry 334514, Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing instruments for measuring and testing th e characteristics of electric ity and electrical signals- -are classified in U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals;

 Manufacturing instruments for laboratory analysis of the physical composition or concentration of samples of solid, fluid, gaseous, or composite materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 334516, Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing X-ray apparatus, tubes, or related irra diation apparatus--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 334517, Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electromedical and elect rotherapeutic apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334510, Electromedical and Electrotherap eutic Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glass watch and clock crystals--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics watch and clock crystals--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing timing relays--are classified in U.S. Industry 335314, Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing.

3346 Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media T

33461 Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing optical and magnetic media, such as blank audio tape, blank video tape, and blank diskettes, and/or (2) mass duplicating (i.e., making copies) audio, video, software, and other data on magnetic, optical, and similar media.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Designing, developing, and publishing prepackaged soft ware--are classified in In dustry 51121, Software Publishers; and

 Audio, motion picture and/or video production and/or distribution--are classified in Subsector 512, Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries.

334613 Blank Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing blank magnetic and optical recording media, such as blank magnetic tape, blank diskettes, blank optical discs, hard drive media, and blank magnetic tape cassettes.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in mass reproducing computer software and other audio and video material are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing.

334614 Software and Other P rerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in mass reproducing computer software or other prerecorded audio and video material on magnetic or optical media, such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, tapes, or cartridges. These establishments do not generally develop any software or produce any audio or video content. This industry includes establishments that mass reproduce game cartridges.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Designing, developing, and publishing prepackaged soft ware--are classified in In dustry 511210, Software Publishers;

 Audio, motion picture and/or video production and/or distribution--are classified in Subsector 512, Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries; and

 Manufacturing blank audio and video tape, blank diskettes, and blank optical discs--are classified in U.S. Industry 334613, Blank Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing.

335 Electrical Equipmen t, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing T

Industries in the Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing subsector manufacture products that generate, distribute and use el ectrical power. Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing establishments produce electric lamp bulbs, lighting fixtures, and parts. Household Appliance Manufacturing establishments make both small and major electrical applian ces and parts. Electrical Equipment Manufacturing establishments make goods, such as electric motors, genera tors, transformers, and switchgear appara tus. Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing establishments make devices for storing electrical power (e.g., batteries), for transmitting electricity (e.g., insulated wire), an d wiring devices (e.g., electrical outlets, fuse boxes, and light switches).

3351 Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing T

33511 Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing T
See industry description for 335110 below.

335110 Electric Lamp Bulb and Part ManufacturingThis industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing electric light bulbs and tubes, and parts and components (except glass blanks for electric light bulbs).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing glass blanks for electric light bulbs--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing light emitting diodes (LEDs)--are classified in U.S. Industry 334413, Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing other lighting fixtures (except vehicular)--are classified in Industry 33512, Lighting Fixture Manufacturing.

33512 Lighting Fixture Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electric lighting fixtures (except vehicular), nonelectric lighting equipment, lamp shades (except glass and plastics), and lighting fixture components (except current-carrying wiring devices).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classifi ed in Industry 33632, Mo tor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tu bes, and parts--are classified in Industry 33511, Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ceiling fans or bath fans with integrated lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 33521, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classi fied in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing glassware and glass parts for lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing signaling devices that incorporate electric light bulbs, su ch as traffic and railway signals-- are classified in Industry 33429, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing.

335121 Residential Electric Ligh ting Fixture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing fixed or portable residential electric lighting fixtures and lamp shades of metal, paper, or textiles. Residential electric lighting fixtures include

those for use both inside and outside the residence.

Illustrative Examples:

Ceiling lighting fixtures, residential, manufacturing Chandeliers, residential, manufacturing Table lamps (i.e., lighting fixtures) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing glassware for residential lighting fixtures --are classified in Indust ry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tu bes, and parts--are classified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ceiling fans or bath fans with integrated lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial, industrial, and institutional electric lighting fixtures-- are classified in U.S. Industry 335122, Commercial, Industrial, and Institu tional Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing other lighting fixtures, such as street lights, flashlights, and nonelectric lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335129, Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing.

335122 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutiona l Electric Lighting Fi xture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing commercial, industrial, and institutional electric lighting fixtures.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing glassware for commercial, industrial, and institutional electri c lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing residential electric lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335121, Residential Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tu bes, and parts--are classified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing other lighting fixtures, such as street lights, flashlights, and nonelectric lighting equipment-- are classified in U.S. Industry 335129, Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing.

335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing electric lighting fixtures (except residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and ve hicular electric lighting fixtures) and nonelectric lighting equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Christmas tree lighting sets, electric, manufacturing Fireplace logs, electric, manufacturing Flashlights manufacturing Insect lamps, electric, manufacturing Lanterns (e.g., carbide, electric, gas, gasoline, kerosene) manufacturing Spotlights (except vehicular) manufacturing Street lighting fixtures (except traffic signals) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing glassware for lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tu bes, and parts--are classified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; Manufacturing residential electric lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335121, Residential Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial, industrial, and institutional electric lighting fixtures-- are classified in U.S. Industry 335122, Commercial, Industrial, and Ins titutional Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing signaling devices that incorporate electric light bulbs, su ch as traffic and railway signals-- are classified in Industry 334290, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing.

3352 Household Appliance Manufacturing T

33521 Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing T
See industry description for 335210 below.

335210 Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in manufacturing small electric appliances and electric housewares, household-type fans (except attic fans), hou sehold-type vacuum cleaners, and other electric householdtype floor care machines.

Illustrative Examples:

Bath fans, residential, manufacturing Carpet and floor cleaning equipment, household-type electric, manufacturing Ceiling fans, residential, manufacturing Curling irons, household-type electric, manufacturing Electric blankets manufacturing Portable cooking appliances (excep t microwave, convection ovens), household-type electric, manufacturing Portable electric space heaters manufacturing Portable hair dryers, electric, manufacturing Portable humidifiers and dehumidifiers manufacturing Scissors, electric, manufacturing Ventilating and exhaust fans (except attic fans), household-type, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing attic fans--are classified in U.S. Industry 333413, Industrial and Commercial Fan and Blower and Air Purification Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing wall and baseboard heating units for perm anent installation--are classified in U.S. Industry 333414, Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing room air-conditioners--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing microwave and convection ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 335221, Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric vacuum cleaners for commercial, industrial, and institutional uses, and mechanical carpet sweepers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Installing central vacuum cleaning systems--are classi fied in Industry 238290, Other Building Equipment

Contractors.

33522 Major Applia nce Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type cooking appliances, household-type laundry equipment, household-type refrigerators, upright and chest freezers, and other electrical and nonelectrical major household-type appliances, such as di shwashers, water heaters, and garbage disposal units.Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing small electric appliances and electric hous ewares, such as hot plates, griddles, toasters, and electric irons--are classified in Industry 3 3521, Small Electrical A ppliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial and indust rial refrigerators and freezers--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Comm ercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment and commercial-type laundry, drycleaning, and pressing equipment--are classifi ed in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing household-type sewing machines--are classified in Indu stry 33324, Industrial Machinery Manufacturing.

335221 Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type electric and nonelectric cooking equipment (except small el ectric appliances and electric housewares).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing small electric appliances and electric hous ewares used for cooking, such as electric skillets, electric hot plates, electric griddles , toasters, and percolators--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing.

335222 Household Refrigerator and Home Freezer Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type refrigerators and upright and chest freezers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing commercial and industrial refrigeration equipment, such as refrigerators and freezers, are classified in U.S. In dustry 333415, Air-Conditioni ng and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.

335224 Household Laundry Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing household-type laundry equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing portable electric iron s--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing commercial-type laundry and drycleanin g equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing.

335228 Other Major Household Appliance Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing electric and nonelectric major household-type appliances (except cooking equipment, re frigerators, upright and chest freezers, and household-type laundry equipment).Illustrative Examples:

Dishwashers, household-type, manufacturing Garbage disposal units, household-type, manufacturing Hot water heaters (including nonelectric), household-type, manufacturing Trash and garbage compactors, household-type, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing household-type cooking equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 335221, Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type sewing machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type refrig erators and upright and chest freezers --are classified in U.S. Industry 335222, Household Refrigerator an d Home Freezer Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing small electric appliances--are classi fied in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing.

3353 Electrical Equipment Manufacturing T

33531 Electrical Equi pment Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing power, distribution, and specialty transformers; electric motors, generators, and motor genera tor sets; switchgear and switchboard apparatus; relays;

and industrial controls.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing turbine generator set units and electric outboard motors--are classified in Industry 33361, Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic component-type transformers and switches--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing environmental controls and industrial proc ess control instruments--are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing switches for electrical circuits, such as pushbutton and snap switches--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing complete welding and soldering equipmen t--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing starting motors and generators for intern al combustion engines--are classified in Industry 33632, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing.

335311 Power, Distributio n, and Specialty Transf ormer Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing power, distribution, and specialty transformers (except electronic components). Industrial-type and consumer-type transformers in this industry vary (e.g., step up or step down) voltage but do not convert alternating to direct or dir ect to alternating current.

Illustrative Examples:

Distribution transformers, electric, manufacturing Fluorescent ballasts (i.e., transformers) manufacturing Substation transformers, electric power distribution, manufacturing Transmission and distribution voltage regulators manufacturing

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing elect ronic component-type transforme rs are classified in U.S. Industry 334416, Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing.

335312 Motor and Genera tor Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing electric motors (except internal combustion engine starting motors), power generators (except battery charging alternators for internal combustion engines), and motor generator sets (except turbine generator set units). This industry includes establishments rewinding armatures on a factory basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing electric outboard moto rs--are classified in U.S. Industry 333618, Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing gas, steam, or hydraulic turbine generato r set units--are classified in U.S. Industry 333611, Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing starting motors and battery charging alternators for internal combustion engines--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle El ectrical and Electronic E quipment Manufacturing;

 Rewinding armatures, not on a factory basis--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (excep t Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and

 Manufacturing complete welding and soldering equipm ent--are classified in U.S. Industry 333992, Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing.

335313 Switchgear and Switchbo ard Apparatus Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing switchgear and switchboard

apparatus.

Illustrative Examples:

Circuit breakers, power, manufacturing Control panels, electric power distribution, manufacturing

Duct for electrical switchboa rd apparatus manufacturing Fuses, electric, manufacturing Power switching equipment manufacturing Switches, electric power (except pushbutton, snap, solenoid, tumbler), manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing relays--are classified in U.S. Industry 335314, Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing switches for electronic applications--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing snap, pushbutton, and similar switches for electrical circuits--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing.

335314 Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing relays, motor starters and controllers, and other industrial controls and control accessories.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing environmental and appliance control equi pment--are classified in U.S. Industry 334512,

Automatic Environmental Control Ma nufacturing for Residential, Comm ercial, and Appliance Use; and Manufacturing instruments for controlling industrial pro cess variables--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 334513, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling

Industrial Process Variables.

3359 Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments manufacturing electrical equipment and components (except electric lighting equipment, household-type appliances, transf ormers, switchgear, relays, motors, and generators).

33591 Battery Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing primary and storage batteries.

335911 Storage Battery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing storage batteries.

Illustrative Examples:

Lead acid storage batteries manufacturing Rechargeable nickel cadmium (NICAD) batteries manufacturing

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing primary batteries are classified in U.S. Industry 335912, Primary Battery Manufacturing.

335912 Primary Battery Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing wet or dry primary batteries.

Illustrative Examples:

Disposable flashlight batteries manufacturing Dry cells, primary (e.g., AAA, AA, C, D, 9V), manufacturing Lithium batteries, primary, manufacturing Watch batteries manufacturing

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing st orage batteries are classified in U.S. Industry 335911, Storage Battery Manufacturing.

33592 Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments insulating fi ber-optic cable, and manufacturing insulated nonferrous wire

and cable from nonferrous wire drawn in other establishments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Drawing nonferrous wire--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing cable sets consisting of insulated wire and various connectors fo r electronic applications-- are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing extension cords, appliance cords, and similar electrical cord sets from purchased, insulated wire or cable--are classified in Industry 33599, All Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; and Manufacturing unsheathed fiber-optic materials--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing.

335921 Fiber Optic Ca ble Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing insulated fiber-optic cable from purchased fiber-optic strand.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing unsheathed fiber-optic materials--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing insulated nonferrous wire and cable from purchased wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing.

335929 Other Communication a nd Energy Wire Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing insulated wire and cable of nonferrous metals from purchased wire.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing cable sets consisting of insulated wire and various connectors fo r electronic applications-- are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing extension cords, appliance cords, and si milar electrical cord sets from purchased insulated wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 335999, A ll Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing;

 Drawing and insulating copper wire in the same estab lishment--are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying;

 Drawing and insulating aluminum wire in the same esta blishment--are classified in U.S. Industry 331318, Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; and

 Drawing nonferrous wire (except copper and alum inum)--are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding.

33593 Wiring Device Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices and noncurrent-carrying wiring devices for wiring electrical circuits.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing ceramic and glass insulators--are classi fied in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing electronic component-type connectors, sockets, and switches--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing.

335931 Current-Carrying Wiri ng Device Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices.

Illustrative Examples:

Bus bars, electrical conductors (ex cept switchgear-type), manufacturing GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupters) manufacturing Lamp holders manufacturingLightning arrestors and coils manufacturing Receptacles (i.e., outlets), electrical, manufacturing Switches for electrical wiring (e.g., pressu re, pushbutton, snap, tumbler) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing electronic component-type connectors--are classified in U.S. Industry 334417, Electronic Connector Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing noncurrent-carrying wiring devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 335932, NoncurrentCarrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing electronic component-t ype sockets and switches--are clas sified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing.

335932 Noncurrent-Carrying Wiri ng Device Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing noncurrent-carrying wiring

devices.

Illustrative Examples:

Boxes, electrical wiring (e.g., junction, outlet, switch), manufacturing Conduits and fittings, electrical, manufacturing Face plates (i.e., outlet or switch covers) manufacturing Transmission pole and line hardware manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing porcelain and ceramic insulators--are classified in Industry 327110, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing glass insulators--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing.

33599 All Other Electrical Equip ment and Component Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing electrical equipment (except electric lighting equipment, household-type appliances, transfor mers, motors, generators, switchgear, relays, industrial controls, batteries, communication and energy wire and cable, and wiring devices).

Illustrative Examples:

Carbon and graphite electrodes and brushes manufacturing Extension cords made from purchased insulated wire Surge suppressors manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing lighting equipment--are classified in Industry Group 3351, Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing transformers, motors, generators, switchge ar, relays, and industrial controls--are classified in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing batteries--are classified in Industry 33591, Battery Manufacturing; Manufacturing communication and energy wire--are classified in Industry 33592, Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing current-carrying and n oncurrent-carrying wiring devices--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing carbon or graphite gaskets--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic component-type rectifiers, voltage regulating integrated circuits, power converting integrated circu its, electronic capacitors, electronic resistor s, and similar devices--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing equipment incorporating lasers--are classified in various subsectors of manufacturing based on the associated production process of the finished equipment.

335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing carbon, graphite, and metalgraphite brushes and brush stock; carbon or graphite electrodes for thermal and electrolytic uses; carbon and graphite fibers; and other carbon, graphite, and metal-graphite products.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing car bon or graphite gaskets are classified in U.S. Industry 339991, Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing.

335999 All Other Miscellaneou s Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing industrial and commercial electric apparatus and other equipment (except lighting equipment, household appliances, transformers, motors, generators, switchgear, relays, industrial controls, batteries, communication and energy wire and cable, wiring devices, and carbon and graphite products). This industry includes power converters (i.e., AC to DC and DC to AC), power supplies, surge suppressors , and similar equipment for industrial-type and consumer-type equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Appliance cords made from purchased insulated wire Battery chargers, solid-state, manufacturing Door opening and closing devi ces, electrical, manufacturing Electric bells manufacturing Extension cords made from purchased insulated wire Inverters manufacturing Surge suppressers manufacturing Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing lighting equipment--are classified in Industry Group 3351, Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing transformers, motors, generators, switchge ar, relays, and industrial controls--are classified in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing primary and storage batteries--are classified in Industry 33591, Battery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing communication and energy wire and cable from purchased wire or fiber-optic strand--are classified in Industry 33592, Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing current-carrying and n oncurrent-carrying wiring devices--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing; Manufacturing electronic component-type rectifiers (except semiconductor)--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing semiconductor rectifiers, voltage regulating integrated circuits, power converting integrated circuits, and similar semiconductor devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 334413, Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic component-type capacitors and condensers--are classified in U.S. Industry 334416, Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing carbon and graphite products--are classified in U.S. Industry 335991, Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing equipment incorporating lasers--are classified in various manufacturing subsectors based on the associated production process of the finished equipment.

336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing T

Industries in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector produce equipment for transporting people and goods. Transportation equipment is a type of machinery. An entire subsector is devoted to this activity because of the significance of its economic size in all three North American countries. Establishments in this subsector utilize production pr ocesses similar to those of other machinery manufacturing establishments—bending, forming, welding, machining, and assembling metal or plastic parts into components and finished products. However, the assembly of compone nts and subassemblies and thei r further assembly into finished vehicles tends to be a more common productio n process in this subsector than in the Machinery Manufacturing subsector. NAICS has industry groups for the manufacture of equipment for each mode of transport—road, rail, air and water. Parts for motor vehicles warrant a separate industry group because of their importance and because parts manufacture requires less assembly, and the establishments that manufacture only parts are not as vertically integrated as those that make complete vehicles. Land use motor vehicle equipment not designed for highway operation (e.g., agricultural equipment, construction equipment, and materials handling equipm ent) is classified in the appropriat e NAICS subsector based on the type and use of the equipment.

3361 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing T

33611 Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing complete automobile and light duty motor vehicles (i.e., body and chassis or unibody) or (2) manufacturing chassis only.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing car, truck, and bus bodies and assembling vehicles on a purchased chassis and manufacturing kit cars for highway us e are classified in Industr y 33621, Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing.

336111 Automobile Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) manufacturing complete automobiles (i.e., body and chassis or unibody) or (2) manufacturing automobile chassis only.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing car bodies and assembling vehicles on a purchased chassis and manufacturing kit cars for highway use ar e classified in U.S. Industry 336211, Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing.

336112 Light Truck and Utility Vehicle ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) manufacturing complete light trucks and utility vehicles (i.e., body and chassis) or (2) manufacturing light truck and utility vehicle chassis only. Vehicles made include light duty vans, pick-up trucks, minivans, and sport utility vehicles.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing truck and bus bodies and assembling vehicles on a purchased chassis are classified in U.S. Industry 336211, Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing.

33612 Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336120 below.

336120 Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing heavy duty truck chassis and assembling complete heavy duty trucks, buses, heavy duty motor homes, and other special purpose heavy duty motor vehicles for highway use or (2) manufacturing heavy duty truck chassis only.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing truck and bus bodies and assembling vehicles on a purchased chassis--are classified in U.S. Industry 336211, Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor homes on purchased chassis--are classified in U.S. Industry 336213, Motor Home Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing vans, minivans, and light trucks--are classified in U.S. Industry 336112, Light Truck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing military armored vehicles--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 336992, Military Armored Vehicle, Tank, and Tank Component Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing off highway construction equipment--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing.

3362 Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing T

33621 Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing motor vehicle bodies and cabs or (2) manufacturing truck, automobile and utility trailers, truck trailer chassis, detachable trailer bodies, and detachable trailer chassis. The products made may be sold separately or may be assembled on purchased chassis and sold as complete vehicles. Motor homes are units where the motor and the living qua rters are contained in the same integrated unit, while travel trailers are designed to be towed by a moto r unit, such as an automobile or a light truck.

Illustrative Examples:

Bodies and cabs, truck, manufacturing Camper unit, slide-in, for pick-up trucks, manufacturing Motor homes, self-contained, assembling on purchased chassis Pickup canopies, caps, or covers manufacturing Semitrailer manufacturing Travel trailers, recreational, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing; Customizing automotive vehicle and trailer interiors (i.e., van conversions) on an individual basis--are classified in Industry 81112, Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair;

 Manufacturing light duty motor home chassis and asse mbling complete motor homes--are classified in Industry 33611, Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing heavy duty truck chassis and assembling heavy duty trucks, buses, motor homes, and other special purpose heavy duty motor vehicles for highway use--are classified in Industry 33612, Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing.

336211 Motor Vehicle Bo dy Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing truck and bus bodies and cabs and automobile bodies. The products made may be sold separately or may be assembled on purchased chassis and sold as complete vehicles.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing heavy duty chassis and assembling heavy duty trucks, buses, motor homes, and other special purpose heavy duty motor vehicles for highway use are classified in Industry 336120, Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing.

336212 Truck Trailer Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing truck trailers, truck trailer chassis, cargo container chassis, deta chable trailer bodies, and detachable trailer chassis for sale separately.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing utility trailers, light-truck trailers, and travel trailers are classified in U.S. Industry 336214, Tr avel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing.

336213 Motor Home Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) manufacturing motor homes on purchased chassis and/or (2) manufacturing conversion vans on an assembly line basis. Motor homes are units where the motor and the living quarters are inte grated in the same unit.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing light duty motor home chassis and assemb ling complete motor homes--are classified in U.S. Industry 336112, Light Truck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturing;

 Customizing automotive vehicle and trailer interiors (i.e., van conversions) on an individual basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 811121, Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance; and

 Producing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 321991, Manufactured Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing.

336214 Travel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing travel trailers and campers designed to attach to motor vehicles; (2) manufacturing pickup coaches (i.e., campers) and caps (i.e., covers) for mounting on pickup trucks; and (3) manufacturing automobile, utility and light-truck

trailers. Travel trailers do not have their own motor bu t are designed to be towed by a motor unit, such as an automobile or a light truck.

Illustrative Examples:Automobile transporter trailers, single car, manufacturing Camping trailers and chassis manufacturing Horse trailers (except fift h wheel type) manufacturing Travel trailers, recreational, manufacturing Utility trailers manufacturing

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) designed to accept permanent water, sewer, and utility connections and equi pped with wheels, but not intended for regular highway use, are classified in U.S. In dustry 321991, Manufactured Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing.

3363 Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing T

33631 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336310 below.

336310 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle gasoline engines and engine parts and/or (2) manufacturing and/or rebuilding carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and engine valves, whether or not for vehicular use.

Illustrative Examples:

Carburetors, all types, manufacturing Crankshaft assemblies, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing Cylinder heads, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing Fuel injection systems and parts, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing Manifolds (i.e., intake and exhaust), automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing Pistons and piston rings manufacturing Pumps (e.g., fuel, oil, water), m echanical automotive and truck gasolin e engine (except power steering), manufacturing Timing gears and chains, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing Valves, engine, intake and exhaust, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing wiring harnesses and other vehicular el ectrical and electronic equipm ent--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing transmission and power train equipment --are classified in Industry 336350, Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing radiators--are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing steering and suspensi on components--are classified in Industry 336330, Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing parts for machine repair and equipment pa rts (except electric) on a job or shop basis--are classified in Industry 332710, Machine Shops;

 Manufacturing rubber and plastic belts and hoses without fittings--are classified in Industry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing stationary and diesel engines--are classified in U.S. Industry 333618, Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing.

33632 Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336320 below.336320 Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles and internal combustion engines. The products made can be used for all types of transportation equipment (i.e., aircraft, automobiles, trucks, trains, ships) or stationary internal combustion engine applications.

Illustrative Examples:

Alternators and generators for internal combustion engines manufacturing Automotive lighting fixtures manufacturing Coils, ignition, internal combustion engines, manufacturing Distributors for internal combustion engines manufacturing Electrical ignition cable sets for internal combustion engines manufacturing Generators for internal combustion engines manufacturing Ignition wiring harness for internal combustion engines manufacturing Instrument control panels (i.e., assembling purchased gauges), automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Spark plugs for internal combustion engines manufacturing Windshield washer pumps, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing automotive lamps (i.e., bulbs)--are cla ssified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing automotive batteries--are classified in U.S. Industry 335911, Storage Battery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electric motors for el ectric vehicles--are classified in U.S. Industry 335312, Motor and Generator Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing railway traffic contro l signals and passenger car alarms--a re classified in Industry 334290, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing car stereos--are classified in Industry 334310, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing.

33633 Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (e xcept Spring) Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336330 below.

336330 Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (e xcept Spring) Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle steering mechanisms and suspension components (except springs).

Illustrative Examples:

Rack and pinion steering assemblies manufacturing Shock absorbers, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Steering columns, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Steering wheels, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Struts, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing springs are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing.

33634 Motor Vehicle Brak e System Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336340 below.336340 Motor Vehicle Brak e System Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle brake systems and related components.

Illustrative Examples:

Brake cylinders, master an d wheel, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Brake drums, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Brake hose assemblies manufacturing Brake pads and shoes, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Calipers, brake, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturin g rubber and plastics belts and hoses without fittings are classified in Industry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing.

33635 Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336350 below.

336350 Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle transmissions and power train parts.

Illustrative Examples:

Automatic transmissions, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Axle bearings, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Constant velocity joints, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Differential and rear axle assemblies, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Torque converters, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Universal joints, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing

33636 Motor Vehicle Seating a nd Interior Trim Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336360 below.

336360 Motor Vehicle Seating a nd Interior Trim Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing motor vehicle seating, seats, seat frames, seat belts, and interior trimmings.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing convertible tops for vehicles and those manufacturing air bags are classified in Industry 336390, Ot her Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing.

33637 Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping T
See industry description for 336370 below.

336370 Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing motor vehicle stampings, such as fenders, tops, body parts, trim, and molding.Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing stampings and further processing the stampings --are classified according to the process of the specific product made; and

 Manufacturing stampings (except motor vehicle)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332119, Metal Crown, Closure, and Other Metal Stamping (except Automotive).

33639 Other Motor Vehi cle Parts Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336390 below.

336390 Other Motor Vehi cle Parts Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle parts and accessories (except motor vehicle gasoline engines a nd engine parts, motor vehi cle electrical and electronic equipment, motor vehicle steering and suspension components, motor vehicle brake systems, motor vehicle transmissions and power train parts, motor vehicle seating and interior trim, and motor vehicle stampings).

Illustrative Examples:

Air bag assemblies manufacturing Air-conditioners, motor vehicle, manufacturing Air-filters, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Catalytic converters, engine exhaust, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing Compressors, motor vehicle air-conditioning, manufacturing Mufflers and resonators, motor vehicle, manufacturing Radiators and cores manufacturing Wheels (i.e., rims), automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing motor vehicle gasoline engines and engine parts--are classified in Industry 336310, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipmen t--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor

Vehicle Electrical and Electroni c Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle steering and suspension components--are classified in Industry 336330, Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle brake systems--are classified in Indu stry 336340, Motor Vehicle Brake System Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle transmissi ons and power train parts--are classified in Industry 336350, Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle seating and interior trim--are classified in Industry 336360, Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle stampings--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping;

and

 Manufacturing air-conditioning systems and compressor s (except motor vehicle air-conditioning systems)-- are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing T

33641 Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing complete aircraft, missiles, or space vehicles; (2) manufacturing aerospace engines, propulsion units, auxiliary equipment or parts; (3) developing and making prototypes of aeros pace products; (4) aircraft conversion (i.e., majormodifications to systems); and (5) complete aircraft or propulsion systems overhaul and rebuilding (i.e., periodic restoration of aircraft to orig inal design specifications).

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sp ace satellites are classified in Industry 33422, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of aircraft or aircraft engines (except overhauling, conversion, and rebuilding) are classified in Industry 48819, Other Support Activities for Air Transportation;

 Research and development establishments primar ily engaged in aerospace R&D (except prototype production) are classified in Industry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft engine intake and exhaust valves, pistons, or engine filters are classified in Industry 33631, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft seating are classified in Industry 33636, Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aeronautical, navigational, and guidance systems and instruments are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing;

 Establishment primarily engaged in manufacturing ai rcraft engine electrical (aeronautical electrical) equipment or aircraft lighting fixtures are classifi ed in Industry 33632, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft fluid power subassemblies are classified in Industry 33291, Metal Valve Manufacturing.

336411 Aircraft Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing or assembling complete aircraft; (2) developing and making aircraft prototypes; (3) airc raft conversion (i.e., major modifications to systems); and (4) complete aircraft overhaul and rebuilding (i.e., periodic restoration of aircraft to original design specifications).

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gu ided missiles and space vehicles are classified in U.S. Industry 336414, Guided Miss ile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of airc raft (except overhauling, conversion, and rebuilding) are classified in Industry 488190, Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; and

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in aircraft R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Scienc es (except Biotechnology).

336412 Aircraft Engine and Engi ne Parts Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing aircraft engines and engine parts; (2) developing and making prototypes of aircraft engines and engine parts; (3) aircraft propulsion system conversion (i.e., major modifi cations to systems); and (4) aircraft propulsion systems overhaul and rebuilding (i.e., periodic restoration of aircraft propulsion system to original design specifications).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing guided missile and space vehicle propulsion units and parts are classified in U.S. Industry 336415, Guid ed Missile and Space Vehi cle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft intake and exhaust valves and pistons and aircraft internal combustion engine filters are classified in Industry 336310, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of aircraft engines (except overhauling, conversion, and rebuilding) are classified in Industry 488190, Other Support Activities for Air Transportation;

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in aircraft engine and engine parts R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); and

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aeronautical instruments are classified in U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing.

336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Aux iliary Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishment primaril y engaged in (1) manufacturing aircraft parts or auxiliary equipment (except engines and aircraft fluid power subassemblies) and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary equipment includes such items as crop dusting apparatus, armament racks, inflight refueling equipment, and external fuel tanks.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft engines and engine parts are classified in U.S. Industry 336412, Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aeronautical instruments are classified in U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft lighting fixtures and aircraft engine electrical (aeronautical electrical) eq uipment are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicl e Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gu ided missile and space vehicle parts and auxiliary equipment are classified in U.S. Industry 336419, Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft fluid power subassemblies are classified in U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft seating are classified in Industry 336360, Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing; and

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology).

336414 Guided Missile and Sp ace Vehicle Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) manufacturing complete guided missiles and space vehicles and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of guided missiles or space vehicles.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sp ace satellites are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in guided missile and space vehicle R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology).336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) manufactur ing guided missile and/or space vehicle propulsion units and propulsion unit parts and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of guided missile and space vehicle propulsion units and propulsion unit parts.

Cross-References.

Research and development establishments primarily engaged in guided missile and space propulsion unit and propulsion unit parts R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology).

336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equi pment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in (1) manufact uring guided missile and space vehicle parts and auxiliary equipment (except guided missi le and space vehicle propulsion units and propulsion unit parts) and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of guided missile and space vehicle parts and auxiliary equipment.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing navigational and guidance systems are classified in U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing guided missile and space vehicle propulsion units and propulsion unit parts are classified in U.S. Industry 336415 , Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; and

 Research and development establishments primarily e ngaged in guided missile and space vehicle parts and auxiliary equipment R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology).

3365 Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing T

33651 Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing T
See industry description for 336510 below.

336510 Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing and/or rebuilding locomotives, locomotive frames and parts; (2) manufacturing railroad, street, and rapid transit cars and car equipment for operation on rails for freight and passenger service; and (3) manufacturing rail layers, ballast distributors, rail tamping equipment and other railway track maintenance equipment.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mining rail cars are classified in U.S. Industry 333131, Mining Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing locomotive fuel lubricating or cooling medium pumps are classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing;

 Repair establishments of railroad and local transit companies primarily engaged in repairing railroad and transit cars are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for Rail Transportation; and

 Establishments not owned by railroad or local trans it companies engaged in repairing railroad cars and locomotive engines are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance.3366 Ship and Boat Building T

33661 Ship and Boat Building T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in operating shipyards or boat yards (i.e., ship or boat manufacturing facilities). Shipyards are fixed facilities with drydocks and fabrication equipment capable of building a ship, defined as watercraft typically suitable or intended for other than personal or recreational use. Boats are defined as watercraft typically suitable or intended for pe rsonal use. Activities of shipyards include the construction of ships, their repair, conversion and alteration, production of prefabricated ship and barge sections, and specialized services, such as ship scaling.

Illustrative Examples:

Barge building Boat yards (i.e., boat manufacturing facilities) Cargo ship building Drilling and production platforms, floating, oil and gas, building Inflatable plastic boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing Inflatable rubber boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing Passenger ship building Rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) manufacturing Rowboats manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing inflatable rubber swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices--are classified in Industry 32629, Other Rubber Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing inflatable plastic swimming pool raft s and similar flotation devices--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Fabricating structural assemblies or components for ships, or subcontractors engaged in ship painting, joinery, carpentry work, and electri cal wiring installation--are classifi ed based on the production process used; and

 Ship repairs performed in floating drydocks--are classified in Industry 48839, Other Support Activities for Water Transportation.

336611 Ship Building and Repairing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in operating a shipyard. Shipyards are fixed facilities with drydocks and fabrication equipment capable of building a ship, defined as watercraft typically suitable or intended for other than personal or recreational use. Activities of shipyards include the construction of ships, their repair, conversion and alteration, the production of prefabricated ship and barge sections, and specialized services, such as ship scaling.

Illustrative Examples:

Barge building Cargo ship building Drilling and production platforms, floating, oil and gas, building Passenger ship building Submarine building

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Fabricating structural assemblies or components for ships, or subcontractors engaged in ship painting, joinery, carpentry work, and electri cal wiring installation--are classifi ed based on the production process used; and

 Ship repairs performed in floating drydocks--are classified in Industry 488390, Other Support Activities for Water Transportation.

336612 Boat Building

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building boats. Boats are defined as watercraft not built in shipyards and typically of the type suitable or intended for personal use. Included in this industry are

establishments that manufacture h eavy-duty inflatable ru bber or inflatable plastic boats (RIBs).

Illustrative Examples:

Dinghy (except inflatab le rubber) manufacturing Inflatable plastic boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing Inflatable rubber boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing Motorboats, inboard or outboard, building Rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) manufacturing Rowboats manufacturing Sailboat building, not done in shipyards Yacht building, not done in shipyards

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Ship building or ship repairs performed in a shipyard--are classified in U.S. Industry 336611, Ship Building and Repairing;

 Manufacturing inflatable rubber swimming pool rafts an d similar flotation devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing inflatable plastic swimming pool rafts an d similar flotation devices-- are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing.

3369 Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing transportation equipment (except motor vehicles and parts, ae rospace products and parts, railroad ro lling stock, ship building, and boat manufacturing).

33699 Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in manufacturing motorcycles, bicycles, metal tricycles, complete military armored vehicles, tanks, self-propelled weapons, vehicles pulled by draft animals, and other transportation equipment (except moto r vehicles, boats, ships, railroad rolling stock, and aerospace products), including parts thereof.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing ships and boats--are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building;

 Manufacturing aerospace products and parts--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle parts --are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing children's vehicles (except bicycles and metal tricycles)--are classified in Industry 33993, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; Manufacturing railroad rolling stock--are classified in Industry 33651, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing motor vehicles--are classified in Industry Group 3361 , Motor Vehicle Manufacturing.

336991 Motorcycle, Bicycle, and Parts Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing motorcycles, bicycles, tricycles and similar equipment, and parts.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing children's vehicles (except bicycles and metal tricycles)--are classi fied in Industry 339930, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing golf carts and other similar personnel carriers--are classified in U.S. Industry 336999, All Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing.

336992 Military Armored Vehicle, Tank, and Tank Component Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing complete military armored vehicles, combat tanks, specialized components for combat tanks, and self-propelled weapons.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing non armored military universal carriers are classified in U.S. Industry 336112, Light Truck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturing.

336999 All Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing transportation equipment (except motor vehicles, motor vehicle parts, boa ts, ships, railroad rolling stock, aero space products, motorcycles, bicycles, armored vehicles and tanks).

Illustrative Examples:

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs), wheeled or tracked, manufacturing Animal-drawn vehicles and parts manufacturing Gocarts (except children's) manufacturing Golf carts and similar motorized passenger carriers manufacturing Race cars manufacturing Snowmobiles and parts manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing motorcycles, bicycles and parts--are classified in U.S. Industry 336991, Motorcycle, Bicycle, and Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing military armored vehicles, tanks, and tank components--are classified in U.S. Industry 336992, Military Armored Vehicle, Tank , and Tank Component Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing ships and boats--are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building;

 Manufacturing aerospace products and parts--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing motor vehicle parts --are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing railroad rolling stock--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing motor vehicles--are classified in Industry Group 3361 , Motor Vehicle Manufacturing.337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing T

Industries in the Furniture and Related Product Manuf acturing subsector make furniture and related articles, such as mattresses, window blinds, cabinets, and fixtures. The processes used in the manufact ure of furniture include the cutting, bending, molding, laminating, and assembly of such materials as wood, metal, glass, plastics, and rattan. However, the production process for furniture is not sole ly bending metal, cutting and shaping wood, or extruding and molding plastics. Design and fashion trends play an important part in the production of furniture. The integrated design of the article for both esthetic and f unctional qualities is also a major part of the process of manufacturing furniture. Design services may be performed by the furniture establishment's work force or may be purchased from industrial designers. Furniture may be made of any material, but the most common ones used in North America are metal and wood. Furniture manufacturing establishments may specialize in making articles primarily from one material. Some of the equipment required to make a wooden table, for example, is different from that used to make a metal one. However, furniture is usually made from several materials. A wooden table might have metal brackets, and a wooden chair a fabric or plastics seat. Therefore, in NAICS, furniture initially is classified based on the type of furniture (application for which it is designed) rather than the material used. For example, an upholstered sofa is treated as household furniture, although it may also be used in hotels or offices. When classifying furniture accordin g to the component material from which it is made, furniture made from more

than one material is classified based on the material used in the frame, or if there is no frame, the predominant component material. Upholstered household furniture (excluding kitchen and dining room chairs with upholstered seats) is classified without regard to the frame material. Kitchen or dining room chairs with upholstered seats are classified according to the frame material. Furniture may be made on a stock or custom ba sis and may be shipped assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). The manufacture of furniture parts and frames is included in this subsector. Some of the processes used in furn iture manufacturing are similar to processes that are used in other segments of manufacturing. For example, cutting and assembly occurs in the production of wood trusses that are classified in Subsector 321, Wood Product Manufacturing. However, the multiple processes that distinguish wood furniture manufacturing from wood product manufacturing warrant inclusion of wooden furniture manufacturing in the Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing subsector. Meta l furniture manufacturing uses techniques that are also employed in the manufacturing of roll-formed products classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. The molding process for plastics furniture is similar to the molding of other plastics products. However, plastics furniture producing establishments tend to specialize in furniture. NAICS attempts to keep furniture manufacturing t ogether, but there are two notable exceptions: seating for transportation equipment and specialized hospital furniture (e.g., hospital beds and operating tables). These exceptions are related to the fact that some of the aspects of the production pr ocess for these produ cts, primarily the design, are highly integrated with the other manufactured goods, namely motor vehicles and health equipment.

3371 Household and Institutional Furnit ure and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments manufacturing household-type furniture, such as living room, kitchen and bedroom furniture and institutional (i.e., public building) furniture, such as furniture for schools, theaters, and churches.

33711 Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing T
See industry description for 337110 below.

337110 Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood or plastics laminated on wood kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and countertops (excep t freestanding). The cabinets and counters may be made

on a stock or custom basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Manufacturing metal kitchen and bathroom cabinets (exc ept freestanding)--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 337124, Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics countertops--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing stone countertops--are classified in U.S. Industry 327991, Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing wood or plastics laminated on w ood countertops (except kitchen and bathroom)--are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing.

33712 Household and Institutio nal Furniture Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type and public building furniture (i.e., library, school, theater, and church furniture ). This industry includes establishments that manufacture general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches). The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing specialized hospital and/or dental furniture (e.g., hospital beds, operating tables, dental chairs)--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing wood or plastics la minated on wood kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and countertops (except freestanding)--are classified in Industry 33711, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing office-type furniture an d/or office or store fixtures--are classified in Industry 33721, Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing; and

 Repairing or refinishing furniture--are classified in Industry 81142, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair.

337121 Upholstered Household Furniture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing upholstered household-type furniture. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Reupholstering furniture or upholstering frames to individual order--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair;

 Manufacturing wood kitchen and dining room chairs with upholstered seats or backs--are classified in U.S. Industry 337122, Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal kitchen and dining room chairs with upholstered seats or backs--are classified in U.S. Industry 337124, Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing kitchen and dining room chairs (except wood and metal) with upholstered seats or backs-- are classified in U.S. Industry 337125, Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing.

337122 Nonupholstered Wood Househ old Furniture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonupholstered wood householdtype furniture and freestanding cabinets (except television, radio, and sewing machine cabinets). The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing reed, rattan, plastics and similar furn iture--are classified in U.S. Industry 337125, Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing; Manufacturing wood or plastics la minated on wood kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and countertops (except freestanding)--are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing; and

 Repairing or refinishing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair.

337124 Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing metal household-type furniture and freestanding cabinets. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing specialized metal hospital furniture including beds are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing.

337125 Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type furniture of materials other than wood or metal, such as plastics, reed , rattan, wicker, and fiberglass. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing concrete, ceramic, or stone furniture--are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing, accordin g to the materials used;

 Manufacturing upholstered household-type furniture--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 337121, Upholstered Household Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal household-type furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 337124, Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing nonupholstered wood household-type furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 337122, Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing.

337127 Institutional Furn iture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing institutional-type furniture (e.g., library, school, theater, and church furniture). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory, and dental furniture (e.g., tables, stools, and benches). The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis an d may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing specialized hospital furniture (e.g., hosp ital beds, operating tables)--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing specialized dental furn iture (e.g., dental chairs)--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 339114, Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing wood kitchen cabinets, wood bathroom vanities, and countertops designed for permanent installation--are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing office-type furniture an d/or office or store fixtures--are classified in Industry 33721, Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing; and

 Repairing or refinishing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair.

3372 Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing T

33721 Office Furniture (inclu ding Fixtures) Manufacturing TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing office furniture and/or office and store fixtures. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing millwork on a fact ory basis--are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork;

 Manufacturing household-type and ins titutional-type furniture--are classified in Industry 33712, Household and Institutional Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing refrigerated cabinets , showcases, and display cases--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commer cial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing metal safes and vaults--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

337211 Wood Office Furniture Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing wood office-type furniture. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis an d may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

337212 Custom Architectural Woodwo rk and Millwork Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing custom designed interiors consisting of architectural woodwork and fixtures utilizing wood, wood products, and plastics laminates. All of the industry output is made to individual order on a job shop ba sis and requires skilled craftsmen as a labor input. A job might include custom manufacturing of display fixtures, gondolas, wall shelving units, entrance and window architectural detail, sales and reception coun ters, wall paneling, and matching furniture.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing millwork on a factor y basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 321918, Other Millwork (including Flooring);

 Manufacturing wood office-type furniture on a stock or custom basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 337211, Wood Office Furniture Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing wood office-type furniture and store fixtures on a stock basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing.

337214 Office Furniture (ex cept Wood) Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing nonwood office-type furniture. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown).

337215 Showcase, Partition, Shelvi ng, and Locker Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing wood and nonwood office and store fixtures, shelving, lockers, frames, partitions, and re lated fabricated products of wood and nonwood materials, including plastics laminated fixture tops. The products are made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). Establishments exclusively making furniture parts (e.g., frames) are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing refrigerated cabinets, showcases, and di splay cases--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; Manufacturing metal safes and vaults--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing wood or plastics laminated kitchen and bathroom countertops--are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing.

3379 Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing T

This industry group comprises establishments manufactur ing furniture related products, such as mattresses, blinds,

and shades.

33791 Mattress Manufacturing T
See industry description for 337910 below.

337910 Mattress Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing innerspring, box spring, and noninnerspring mattresses, includi ng mattresses for waterbeds.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing individual wire springs--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing inflatable mattresse s--are classified in Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing.

33792 Blind and Shade Manufacturing T
See industry description for 337920 below.

337920 Blind and Shade Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing one or more of the following: venetian blinds, other window blinds, shades; curtain and drapery rods, poles; and/or curtain and drapery fixtures. The blinds and shades may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be made of any material.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing canvas awnings--are classified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag and Canvas Mills; and

 Manufacturing curtains and draperies--are classifi ed in Industry 314120, Curtain and Linen Mills.

339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing T

Industries in the Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector make a wide range of products that cannot readily be classified in specific NAICS subsector s in manufacturing. Processes used by these establishments vary significantly, both among and within industries. For ex ample, a variety of manufacturing processes are used in manufacturing sporting and athletic goods that include products such as tennis racquets and golf balls. The processes for these products differ from each other, and the processes differ significantly from the fabrication processes used in making dolls or toys, the melting and shaping of precious metals to make jewelry, and the bending, forming, and assembly used in making medical products. The industries in this subsector are defined by what is made rather than how it is made. Although individual establishments might be appropriately cl assified elsewhere in the NAICS struct ure, for historical continuity, these product-based industries were maintained. In most cases, no one process or material predominates for an industry. Establishments in this subsector manufacture products as diverse as medical equipment and supplies, jewelry, sporting goods, toys, and office supplies.

3391 Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing T33911 Medical Equipment a nd Supplies Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing medical equipment and supplies. Examples of products made by these establishments are su rgical and medical instrument s, surgical appliances and supplies, dental equipment and supplies, orthodontic goods, ophthalmic goods, dentures, and orthodontic appliances.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing laboratory instruments, X-ray apparatus, electromedical apparatus (including electronic hearing aids), and thermometers (except medical)--are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Co ntrol Instruments Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are cla ssified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classi fied in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Retailing and grinding prescription eyeglasses--are cl assified in Industry 44613, Optical Goods Stores;

 Manufacturing sporting goods helmets and protective equipment--are classified in Industry 33992, Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches)-- are classified in Industry 33712, Househol d and Institutional Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing laboratory scales and balances, la boratory furnaces and ovens, and/or laboratory centrifuges--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing laboratory distilling equipment--are cl assified in Industry 33324, Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing laboratory freezers- -are classified in Industry 3 3341, Ventilation, Heating, AirConditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.

339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing medical, surgical, ophthalmic, and veterinary instruments and appara tus (except electrotherapeutic, electrome dical and irradiation apparatus). Examples of products made by these establishments are sy ringes, hypodermic needles, anesthesia apparatus, blood transfusion equipment, catheters, surgi cal clamps, and medical thermometers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing electromedical and elect rotherapeutic apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334510, Electromedical and Electrotherap eutic Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing irradiation apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334517, Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing surgical and orthopedic appliances or specialized hospital furniture (except dental) (e.g., hospital beds, operating tables)--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dental equipment, dental supplies, dental laboratory apparatus, and dental laboratory furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 339114, Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches)-- are classified in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing thermometers (except medical)--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing ophthalmic goods--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing.

339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies ManufacturingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing surgical appliances and supplies. Examples of products made by these establishments are orthopedic devices, prosthetic appliances, surgical dressings, crutches, surgical sutures, personal industrial safety devices (e xcept protective eyewear), hospital beds, and operating room tables.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing dental equipment, dental supplies, dental laboratory apparatus, and specialized dental laboratory furniture (e.g. dental chairs)--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 339114, Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches)-- are classified in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic hearing ai ds--are classified in U.S. In dustry 334510, Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing industrial protective eyewear--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing sporting goods helmets and protective equipment--are classified in Industry 339920, Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing.

339114 Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing dental equipment and supplies used by dental laboratories and offices of dentists, such as dental chairs, dental instrument delivery systems, dental hand instruments, and dental impression material and dental cements.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dentures, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances customized for individual applica tion are classified in U.S. Indust ry 339116, Dental Laboratories.

339115 Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ophthalmic goods. Examples of products made by these establishments are prescription eyeglasses (except manufactured in a retail setting), contact lenses, sunglasses, eyeglass frames, and reading glasses made to standard powers, and protective eyewear.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Retailing and grinding prescription eyeglasses--are classified in Industry 446130, Optical Goods Stores.

339116 Dental Laboratories

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dentures, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances customized for individual application.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dental equipment and supplies are classified in U.S. Industry 339114, Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing.

3399 Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing T33991 Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing T
See industry description for 339910 below.

339910 Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing, engraving, chasing, or etching jewelry; (2) manufacturing, engraving, chasing, or etching metal personal goods (i.e., small articles carried on or about the person, such as co mpacts or cigarette cases); (3 ) manufacturing, engraving, chasing, or etching precious metal solid, precious metal clad , or pewter flatware and other hollowware; (4) stamping coins; (5) manufacturing unassembled jewelry parts and stock shop products, such as sheet, wire, and tubing; (6) cutting, slabbing, tumbling, carving, engraving, polishing, or faceting precious or semiprecious stones and gems; (7) recutting, repolishing, and setting gem stones; and (8) drilli ng, sawing, and peeling cultured and costume pearls. This industry includes establishments primarily e ngaged in manufacturing preciou s solid, precious clad, and precious plated jewelry and personal goods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing nonprecious and precious plated metal cutlery and flatware--are classified in U.S. Industry 332215, Metal Kitchen Cookware, Utensil, Cutlery, and Flatware (except Precious) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing nonprecious metal plated ware (except cutle ry and flatware)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Engraving, chasing, or etching nonprecious and preciou s plated metal cutlery, flatware and other plated ware--are classified in U.S. Industry 332812, Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers;

 Plating jewelry--are classified in U.S. Industry 332813, Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring;

 Manufacturing synthetic stones--are classified in U.S. Industry 327999, All Other Miscellaneous

Nonmetallic Mineral Produ ct Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing personal goods (except metal) carried on or about the person, such as compacts and cigarette cases--are classified in U.S. Industry 316998, All Other Leather Good and Allied Product Manufacturing.

33992 Sporting and Athlet ic Goods Manufacturing T
See industry description for 339920 below.

339920 Sporting and Athlet ic Goods Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sporting and athletic goods (except apparel and footwear).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing athletic apparel --are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing athletic footwear--are classified in Industry 316210, Footwear Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing small arms and small arms ammuniti on--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

33993 Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing T
See industry description for 339930 below.

339930 Doll, Toy, and Game ManufacturingThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dolls, such as complete dolls, doll parts, doll clothes, action figures, toys, games (including electronic), hobby kits, and children's vehicles (except metal bicycles and tricycles).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing metal tricycles and bicycles--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 336991, Motorcycle, Bicycle, and Parts Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing sporting and athletic goods--are classified in Industry 339920, Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing coin-operated game machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 339999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing electronic video game cartridges and reproducing video game software--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and

 Publishing or publishing and reproducing game software--are classified in Industry 511210, Software

Publishers.

33994 Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing T
See industry description for 339940 below.

339940 Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing office supplies. Examples of products made by these establishments are pens, pencils, felt tip markers, crayons, chalk, pencil sharpeners, staplers, modeling clay, hand operated stamps, stamp pads, stencils, carbon paper, and inked ribbons.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing writing, draw ing, and india inks--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing rubber erasers--are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing paper office supplies--are classified in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing;

 Printing manifold business forms and manufacturing blankbooks, looseleaf binders, and devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books);

 Manufacturing drafting tables and boards--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing inkjet cartridges--are classified in Industry 325910, Printing Ink Manufacturing.

33995 Sign Manufacturing T
See industry description for 339950 below.

339950 Sign Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing signs and related displays of all materials (except printing paper and paperboard signs, notices, displays).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Printing advertising specialties or printing paper and pape rboard signs, notices, and displays--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing;

 Manufacturing and printing advertising specialties--are classified in the manufacturing sector according to products manufactured;

 Manufacturing die-cut paperboard displays--are classified in U.S. Industry 322299, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing; and Sign lettering and painting--are classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to Advertising.

33999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in miscellaneous manufacturing (except medical equipment and supplies, jewelry and flatware, sporting and athletic goods, dolls, toys, games, office supplies (except paper), and signs).

Illustrative Examples:

Artificial Christmas trees manufacturing Burial caskets and cases manufacturing Candles manufacturing Coin-operated amusement machines (except jukebox) manufacturing Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins (except precious metals or precious and semiprecious stones and gems) manufacturing Floor and dust mops manufacturing Gasket, packing, and sealing devices manufacturing Musical instruments (except toy) manufacturing Portable fire extinguishers manufacturing Umbrellas manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing medical equipment and supplies--are cl assified in Industry Group 3391, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing jewelry and flatware--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing sporting and athletic goods--are classified in Industry 33992, Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dolls, toys, and games--are classifi ed in Industry 33993, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing office supplies (except paper)--are cla ssified in Industry 33994, Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing signs--are classified in Industry 33995, Sign Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing concrete burial vaults--are classified in Industry 32739, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing Christmas tree glass ornaments and gla ss lamp shades--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing Christmas tree lighting sets--are classified in Industry 33512, Lighting Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing beauty and barber chairs--are classi fied in Industry 33712, Household and Institutional Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing burnt wood articles--are classified in Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing;

 Dressing and bleaching furs--are cla ssified in Industry 31611, Leathe r and Hide Tanning and Finishing;

 Manufacturing paper, textile, and metal lamp shades-- are classified in Industry 33512, Lighting Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classi fied in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing matches--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal products, such as metal combs and hair curlers--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; Manufacturing plastics products, such as plastics combs an d hair curlers--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing electric hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 33521 , Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing.

339991 Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in manufacturing gaskets, packing, and sealing

devices of all materials.

339992 Musical Instrument Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in manufacturing musical instruments (except toys).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing to y musical instruments are clas sified in Industry 339930, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing.

339993 Fastener, Button, Needle, and Pin Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fasteners, buttons, needles, pins, and buckles (except precious metals or pr ecious and semiprecious stones and gems).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing buttons, pins, and buckles made of precious metals or precious and semiprecious stones and gems--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing hypodermic and suture needles--are classified in U.S. Industry 339112, Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing phonograph and styli needles--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing.

339994 Broom, Brush, and Mop Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing brooms, mops, and brushes.

339995 Burial Casket Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing burial caskets, cases, and vaults (except concrete).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete burial vaults are classified in Industry 327390, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing.

339999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in miscellaneous manufacturing (except medical equipment and supplies, jewelry and flatware, sporting and athletic goods, dolls, toys, games, office supplies (except paper), musical instruments, fasteners, buttons, needles, pins, brooms, brushes, mops, and burial caskets).

Illustrative Examples:Artificial Christmas trees manufacturing Candles manufacturing Christmas tree ornaments (except glass and electric) manufacturing Cigarette lighters (except precious metal) manufacturing Coin-operated amusement machines (except jukebox) manufacturing Hair pieces (e.g., wigs, toupe es, wiglets) manufacturing Portable fire extinguishers manufacturing Potpourri manufacturing Tobacco pipes manufacturing Umbrellas manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing medical equipment and supplies--are cl assified in Industry Group 3391, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing jewelry and flatware--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing sporting and athletic goods--are classified in Industry 339920, Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing dolls, toys, and games--are classified in Industry 339930, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing office supplies (except paper)--are cla ssified in Industry 339940, Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing signs--are classified in Industry 339950, Sign Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing gasket, packing, and sealing devices--a re classified in U.S. Industry 339991, Gasket, Packing, and Sealing De vice Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing musical instruments--are classified in U.S. Industry 339992, Musical Instrument Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins--are classified in U.S. Industry 339993, Fastener, Button, Needle, and Pin Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing brooms, brushes, and mops--are classified in U.S. Industry 339994, Broom, Brush, and Mop Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing burial caskets--are classified in U. S. Industry 339995, Burial Casket Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing Christmas tree glass ornaments and gla ss lamp shades--are classified in U.S. Industry 327215, Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass;

 Manufacturing Christmas tree lighting sets--are classified in U.S. Industry 335129, Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing beauty and barber chairs--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing burnt wood articles--are classified in U.S. Industry 321999, All Other Miscellaneous Wood Product Manufacturing;

 Dressing and bleaching furs--are cla ssified in Industry 316110, Leathe r and Hide Tanning and Finishing;

 Manufacturing paper, textile, and metal lamp shades-- are classified in U.S. Industry 335121, Residential Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing matches--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing metal products, such as metal combs an d hair curlers--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing;

 Manufacturing plastics products, such as plastics combs and hair curlers--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing electric hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing.

## Sector 42--Wholesale Trade T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Wholesale Trade sector comprises establishments engaged in wholesaling merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. The merchandise described in this sector includes the outputs of agriculture, mining, manuf acturing, and certain information industries, such as publishing. The wholesaling process is an intermediate step in th e distribution of merchandise. Wholesalers are organized to sell or arrange the purchase or sale of (a) goods for resale (i.e., goods sold to other wholesalers or retailers), (b) capital or durable nonconsumer goods, and (c) raw and in termediate materials and supplies used in production.

Wholesalers sell merchandise to other businesses and normally operate from a warehouse or office. These warehouses and offices are characterized by having little or no display of merchandise. In addition, neither the design nor the location of the premises is intended to so licit walk-in traffic. Wholesalers do not normally use advertising directed to the general public. Customer s are generally reached initially via telephone, in-person marketing, or by specialized advertising that may include In ternet and other electronic m eans. Follow-up orders are either vendor-initiated or client-initiated, generally based on previous sales, and typically exhibit strong ties between sellers and buyers. In fact, transactions are often conducted between wholesalers and clients that have long-standing business relationships. This sector comprises two main types of wholesalers: merchant wholesalers that sell goods on their own account and business-to-business electronic markets, agents, and brokers that arrange sales and purchases for others generally for a commission or fee. (1) Establishments that sell goods on their own account are known as wholesale merchants, distributors, jobbers, drop shippers, and import/export merchants. Also included as wholesale merchants are sales offices and sales branches (but not retail stores) maintained by manufacturing, refining, or mining enterprises apart from their plants or mines for the purpose of marketing their products and group purchasing organizations (e.g., purchasing and selling goods on their own account). Merchant wholesale establishments typically maintain their own warehouse, where they receive and handle goods for their customers. Goods are generally sold without transformation, but may include integral functions, such as sorting, packaging, labeling, and other marketing services. (2) Establishments arranging for the purchase or sale of goods owned by others or purchasing goods, generally on

a commission basis are known as business-to-business el ectronic markets, agents and brokers, commission merchants, import/export agents and br okers, auction companies, group purchasing organization (e.g., purchasing or arranging for the purchases of goods owned by others), and manufacturers' representatives. These establishments operate from offices and generally do not own or handle the goods they sell. Some wholesale establishments may be connected with a single manufacturer and promote and sell the particular manufacturers' products to a wide range of other wholesaler s or retailers. Other wholesalers may be connected to a retail chain, or limited number of retail chains, and only pr ovide a variety of products need ed by that particular retail operation(s). These wholesalers may obtain the products from a wide range of manufacturers. Still other wholesalers may not take title to the goods, but act as agents and brokers for a commission. Although, in general, wholesaling normally denotes sales in large volumes, durable nonconsumer goods may be sold in single units. Sales of capital or durable nonconsumer goods used in the production of goods and services, such as farm machinery, medium- and heavy-duty truc ks, and industrial machiner y, are always included in

wholesale trade.

423 Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods

Industries in the Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods subsector sell capital or durable goods to other businesses. Merchant wholesalers generally take title to the goods that they sell; in other words, they buy and sell goods on their own account. Durable goods are new or used items generally with a normal life expectancy of three years or more. Durable goods merchant wholesale trade establishments are engaged in wholesaling products, such as motor vehicles, furniture, construction materials, machinery and equipment (including household-type appliances), metals and minerals (except petroleum), sporting goods, toys and hobby goods, recyclable materials, and parts. Business-to-business electronic markets, agents, and brokers primarily engaged in wholesaling durable goods, generally on a commission or fee basis, are classified in Subsector 425, W holesale Electronic Markets and Agents

and Brokers.4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Pa rts and Supplies M erchant Wholesalers

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of automobiles and other motor vehicles, motor vehicle supplies, tires, and new and used parts.

42311 Automobile and Other Moto r Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423110 below.

423110 Automobile and Other Moto r Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of new and used passenger automobiles, trucks, trailers, and other motor vehicles, such as motorcycles, motor homes, and

snowmobiles.

42312 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423120 below.

423120 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicle supplies, accessories, tools, and equipment; and new motor vehicle parts (except new tires and tubes).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new and/or used tires and tubes--are classified in Industry 423130, Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of automotive chem icals (except lubricating oils and greases)--are classified in Industry 424690, Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lubricating oils and greases--are classified in Industry 424720, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of used motor vehicle parts--are classified in Industry 423140, Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers.

42313 Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423130 below.

423130 Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of new and/or used tires and tubes for passenger and commercial vehicles.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of other new automobile parts and accesso ries--are classified in Industry 423120, Motor Vehicle Supplies and Ne w Parts Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of other used automob ile parts and accessories--are classified in Industry 423140, Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers.

42314 Motor Vehicle Parts (U sed) Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423140 below.

423140 Motor Vehicle Parts (U sed) Merchant WholesalersThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of used motor vehicle parts (except used tires and tubes) and establishments primarily engaged in dismantling motor vehicles for the purpose of selling the parts.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Dismantling motor vehicles for the purpose of selling scra p--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new and/or used tires and tubes--are classified in Industry 423130, Tire

and Tube Merchant Wholesalers.

4232 Furniture and Ho me Furnishing Merch ant Wholesalers

42321 Furniture Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423210 below.

423210 Furniture Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of furniture (except hospital beds, medical furniture, and drafting tables).

Illustrative Examples :

Household-type furniture merchant wholesalers

Outdoor furniture merchant wholesalers

Mattresses merchant wholesalers Public building furniture merchant wholesalers

Office furniture merchant wholesalers Religious furniture merchant wholesalers

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of partitions, shelving , lockers, and store fixt ures--are cla ssified in Industry 423440, Other Commercial Equipment Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hospital beds and me dical furniture--are classified in Industry 423450, Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of drafting tables--ar e classified in Industry 423490, Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

42322 Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423220 below.

423220 Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of home furnishings and/or housewares.

Illustrative Examples:

Carpet merchant wholesalers

Glassware merchant wholesalers

Chinaware merchant wholesalers Household-type cooking utensil merchant wholesalers

Curtain merchant wholesalers Lamp merchant wholesalers Drapery merchant wholesalersLinen (e.g., bath, bed, table) merchant wholesalers Floor covering merchant wholesalers

Window blind and shade merchant wholesalers

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking))--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electroni cs Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of precious metal flat ware--are classified in Industry 423940, Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Preciou s Metal Merchant Wholesalers.

4233 Lumber and Other Co nstruction Materials Merchant Wholesalers

42331 Lumber, Plywood, Millwork, a nd Wood Panel Merch ant Wholesalers See industry description for 423310 below.

423310 Lumber, Plywood, Millwork, a nd Wood Panel Merch ant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of lumber; plywood; reconstituted wood fiber products; wood fencing; doors and windows and their frames (all materials); wood roofing and siding; and/or other wood or metal millwork.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonwood roofing and siding materials--are classified in Industry 423330, Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of timber and timber products, such as railroad ties, logs, firewood, and pulpwood--are classified in Industry 423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers.

42332 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423320 below.

423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stone, cement, lime, construction sand, and gravel; brick; asphalt and concrete mixtures; and/or concrete, stone, and structural clay products.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of refractory brick and other refractory products--are classified in Industry 423840, Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Selling ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing.

42333 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423330 below.

423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of nonwood roofing and nonwood siding and insulation materials.

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of wood roofing and wood siding are classified in Industry 423310, Lumber, Plywood, M illwork, and Wood Panel Merchant Wholesalers.

42339 Other Construction Mat erial Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423390 below.

423390 Other Construction Mat erial Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and/or prefabricated buildings and (2) establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of construction materials (except lumber, plywood, millwork, wood panels, brick, stone, roofing, siding, electrical and wiring supplies, and insulation materials).

Illustrative Examples:

Flat glass merchant wholesalers Prefabricated buildings (excep t wood) merchant wholesalers

Ornamental ironwork merchant wholesalers Wire fencing and fencing accessories merchant wholesalers Plate glass merchant wholesalers

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of products of the primary metals industries--are classified in Industry 423510, Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lumber; plywood; reconstituted wood fiber products; wood fencing; doors, windows, and their frames; wood roofing and wo od siding; and other wood or metal millwork--are classified in Industry 423310, Lumber, Plywood, M illwork, and Wood Panel Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of stone, cement, lime, construction sand and gravel; brick; asphalt and concrete mixtures (except ready-mix concrete); and/or concrete, stone, and structural clay products--are classified in Industry 423320, Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonwood roofing, nonwood siding and insulation materials--are classified in Industry 423330, Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of electrical supplies and wiring supplie s--are classified in Industry 423610, Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Selling ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing.

4234 Professional and Com mercial Equipment and Supplie s Merchant Wholesalers

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of photographic equipment and supplies; office, computer, and computer peripheral equipment; and medical, dental, hospital, ophthalmic, and other commercial and professional equipment and supplies.

42341 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423410 below.

423410 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of photographic equipment and supplies (except office equipment).

Illustrative Examples:

Photofinishing equipment merchant wholesalersTelevision cameras me rchant wholesalers Photographic camera equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Video cameras (except household-type) merchant wholesalers Photographic film merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type video cameras--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Co nsumer Electronics Merc hant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office equipment, such as photocopy and microfilm equipment--are classified in Industry 423420, Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers.

42342 Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423420 below.

423420 Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of office machines and related equipment (except computers and computer peripheral equipment).

Illustrative Examples:

Accounting machines merchant wholesalers Mailing machine merchant wholesalers Calculator and calculating mach ines merchant wholesalers Microfilm equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Cash register merchant wholesalers Security safe merchant wholesalers Copying machine merchant wholesalers

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office furniture--are classified in Industry 423210, Furniture Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of computers and co mputer peripheral equipm ent--are classified in Industry 423430, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office supplies--are classified in Industry 424 120, Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

42343 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Soft ware Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423430 below.

423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Soft ware Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of computers, computer peripheral equipment, loaded computer boards, and/or computer software.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of modems and other electronic communications equipment--are classified in Industry 423690, Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Selling, planning, and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services.

42344 Other Commercial Equipm ent Merchant WholesalersSee industry description for 423440 below.

423440 Other Commercial Equipm ent Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of commercial and related machines and equipment (except photographic equipment and supplies; offi ce equipment; and computers and computer peripheral equipment and software) generally used in restaurants and stores.

Illustrative Examples:

Balances and scales (except la boratory) merchant wholesalers Commercial shelving merchant wholesalers Coin-operated merchandising machine merchant wholesalers Electrical sign merc hant wholesalers

Commercial chinaware merchant wholesalers

Partitions merchant wholesalers Commercial cooking equipment merchant wholesalers Store fixture (except refrigerated) merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of photographic equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 423410, Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office machines and related equipmen t--are classified in Industry 423420, Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of computers, computer peripheral equipment, and computer software--are classified in Industry 423430, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of laboratory scales and balances (except medical and dental)--are classified in Industry 423490, Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of refrigerated store fixtures--are classified in Industry 423740, Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

42345 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equi pment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423450 below.

423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equi pment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional medical equipment, instruments, and supplies (except ophthalmic equipment and instruments and goods used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians).

Illustrative Examples :

Dental equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Medical dressings merchant wholesalers Electromedical equipment merchant wholesalers Patient monitoring equipment merchant wholesalers Hospital beds merchant wholesalers Prosthetic appliance and supplies merchant wholesalers Hospital furniture merchant wholesalers Surgical instrument and appa ratus merchant wholesalers Medical and dental X-ray m achine merchant wholesalers

Cross-References

.Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional equipment, instruments and/or goods sold, prescribed, or used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians are classified in Industry 423460, Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers.

42346 Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423460 below.

423460 Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional equipment, instruments, and/or goods sold, prescribed, or used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians.

Illustrative Examples:

Binocular merchant wholesalers Optometric equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Ophthalmic frame merchant wholesalers Sunglasses merchant wholesalers Ophthalmic lenses merchant wholesalers

42349 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423490 below.

423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional equipment and supplies (except ophthalmic goods and medical, dental, and hospital equipment and supplies).

Illustrative Examples :

Church supplies (except silverware, plated ware) merchant wholesalers School equipment and supplies (except books, furniture) merchant wholesalers Drafting tables and instruments merchant wholesalers

Scientific instruments merchant wholesalers Laboratory equipment (except medical, dental) merchant wholesalers Surveying equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of professional equipment, instruments, and/or goods sold, prescribed, or used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians, such as ophthalmic frames and lenses, and sunglasses--are classified in Industry 423460, Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of medical professional equipment, instruments, and supplies used by medical and dental practitioners (except ophthalmic equipment, instruments, and goods used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians) and medi cal facilities--are classified in Industry 423450, Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of silverware and plated flatware--are classified in Industry 423940, Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of books--are classified in Industry 424920, Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of school furniture--ar e classified in Industry 423210, Furniture Merchant

Wholesalers.

4235 Metal and Mineral (except Pe troleum) Merchan t Wholesalers

42351 Metal Service Centers and Ot her Metal Merchant WholesalersSee industry description for 423510 below.

423510 Metal Service Centers and Ot her Metal Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of products of the primary metals industries. Service centers maintain inventory and may perform functions, such as sawing, shearing, bending, leveling, cleaning, or edging, on a custom basis as part of sales transactions.

Illustrative Examples:

Cast iron pipe merchant wholesalers

Metal rod merchant wholesalers Metal bars (except precious) merchant wholesalers

Metal sheet merchant wholesalers Metal ingots (except precious) merchant wholesalers Metal spike merchant wholesalers Metal pipe merchant wholesalers

Nail merchant wholesalers Metal plate merchant wholesalers

Noninsulated wire merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of gold, silver, and platinum--are classified in Industry 423940, Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Preciou s Metal Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of automotive, industri al, and other recyclable metal scrap--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of in sulated wire--are classified in Indu stry 423610, Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers.

42352 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423520 below.

423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of coal, coke, metal ores, and/or nonmetallic minerals (except precious and semiprecious stones and minerals used in construction, such as sand and gravel).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonmetallic minerals used in construction, such as sand and gravel--are classified in Industry 423320, Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of crude petroleum--are classified in Industry Group 4247, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of precious and semiprecious stones and metals--are classified in Industry 423940, Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers.

4236 Household Appliances an d Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers

42361 Electrical Apparatu s and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant

Wholesalers See industry description for 423610 below.423610 Electrical Apparatu s and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant

Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholes ale distribution of electrical construction materials; wiring supplies; electric light fixtures; light bulbs; and/or electrical power equipment for the generation, transmission, distribution, or control of electric energy.

42362 Household Applian ces, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423620 below.

423620 Household Applian ces, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of householdtype gas and electric appliances (excep t water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)), room air-conditioners, and/or household-type audio or video equipment.

Illustrative Examples:

Household-type sewing machine merchant wholesalers Household-type radio (including automotive) merchant wholesalers Household-type video camera merchant wholesalers Household-type refrigerator merchant wholesalers

Television set merchant wholesalers Toothbrushes, electric, merchant wholesalers Curling irons, electric, merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of gas and electric water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)--are classified in Industry 423720, Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonhousehold-type video cameras--are classified in Industry 423410, Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

42369 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423690 below.

423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of electronic parts and equipment (except electrical apparatus and equipment, wiring supplies, and construction materials; electrical and electronic appliances; and television and radio sets).

Illustrative Examples:

Blank audio or video tape merchant wholesalers Communications equipment merchant wholesalers Blank compact disc (CD) merchant wholesalers Radar equipment merchant wholesalers Blank digital video disc (DVD) merchant wholesalers Telegraph equipment merchant wholesalers

Blank diskette merchant wholesalers Telephone equipment merchant wholesalers Broadcasting equipment merchant wholesalers Unloaded computer board merchant wholesalersCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)), room air-conditioners, clothes dryers, and/or household-type audio or video equipment--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of computers, computer peripheral equipment, and loaded computer boards--are classified in Industry 423430, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of el ectrical construction materials, wiring supplies, electric light fixtures, light bulbs, and/or electrical power equipment for generation, transmission, distribution, or control of electric energy--are classified in Industry 423610, Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers.

4237 Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equi pment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

42371 Hardware Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423710 below.

423710 Hardware Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of hardware, knives, or handtools.

Illustrative Examples:

Brads merchant wholesalers Knives (except disposable plastics) merchant wholesalers Cutlery merchant wholesalers Power handtools (e.g., drills, saws, sanders) merchant wholesalers Fasteners (e.g., bolts, nuts, rive ts, screws) merchant wholesalers Staples merchant wholesalers Handtools (except motor vehicle, machin ists' precision) merchant wholesalers

Tacks merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nails, noninsulated wire, and screening--are classified in Industry 423510, Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicle handtools and equipment--are classified in Industry 423120, Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of machinists' precision handtools--are classified in Industry 423830, Industrial Machinery and Equipm ent Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of disposable plastics kn ives and eating utensils--are classified in Industry 424130, Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers.

42372 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) M erchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423720 below.

423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) M erchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of plumbing equipment, hydronic heating equipment, household-type water heaters, and/or supplies.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Selling and installing plumbing, heating and air conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 423730, Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)), room air-conditioners, clothes dryers, and/or household-type audio or video equipment--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and

Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers.

42373 Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423730 below.

423730 Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies.

Illustrative Examples:

Air pollution control equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Nonportable electric baseboard heaters merchant wholesalers Air-conditioning equipment (except room units) merchant wholesalers Warm air central heating equi pment merchant wholesalers

Automotive air-conditioners merchant wholesalers

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)) and room air-conditioners--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consum er Electronics Merc hant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hydronic heating equipment--are classified in Industry 423720, Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Selling and installing warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors.

42374 Refrigeration Equipment an d Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423740 below.

423740 Refrigeration Equipment an d Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of refrigeration equipment (except household-type refrige rators, freezers, and air-conditioners).

Illustrative Examples:

Cold storage machinery merchant wholesalers Refrigerated display cases merchant wholesalers Commercial refrigerators merchant wholesalers

Water coolers merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type refrigerators, freezer s, and room air-conditioners--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances , Electric Housewares, an d Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of air-conditioning equipment (except room units)--are classified in Industry 423730, Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of construction, mining, farm, garden, industrial, service es tablishment, and transportatio n machinery, equipment and supplies.

42381 Construction and Mining (except Oil Well ) Machinery and Equipmen t Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423810 below.

423810 Construction and Mining (except Oil Well ) Machinery and Equipmen t Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesal e distribution of specialized machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in construction, mining (except oil well), and logging

activities.

Illustrative Examples:

Excavating machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers Road construction and maintenance machinery merchant wholesalers Forestry machinery and equi pment merchant wholesalers Scaffolding merchant wholesalers Mining cranes merchant wholesalers

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of oil well machinery and equipment are classified in Industry 423830, Industrial Mach inery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers.

42382 Farm and Garden Machinery an d Equipment Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423820 below.

423820 Farm and Garden Machinery an d Equipment Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesal e distribution of specialized machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in agricultural, farm, and lawn and garden activities.

Illustrative Examples:

Animal feeders merchant wholesalers Milking machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers Harvesting machinery and equi pment merchant wholesalers Planting machinery and equipm ent merchant wholesalers

Lawnmowers merchant wholesalers

42383 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423830 below.

423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant WholesalersThis industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesal e distribution of specialized machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in manufacturing, oil well, and warehousing activities.

Illustrative Examples:

Fluid power transmission equipment merchant wholesalers Metalworking machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers Food-processing machinery and eq uipment merchant wholesalers Oil well machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers Materials handling machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of specialized machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in construction, mining (except oil well), and logging activities--are classified in Industry 423810, Construction and Mining (except Oil Well) Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of supplies used in machinery and equipment generally used in manufacturing, oil well, and warehousing activities--are classified in Industry 423840, Industrial Supplies

Merchant Wholesalers.

42384 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423840 below.

423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of supplies for machinery and equipment generally used in manufacturing, oil well, and warehousing activities.

Illustrative Examples:

Industrial containers merchant wholesalers Refractory materials (e.g., brick, blocks, shapes) merchant wholesalers

Industrial diamonds merchant wholesalers Welding supplies (except welding gases) merchant wholesalers Printing inks merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hydraulic and pneumatic (fluid power) pumps, motors, pistons, and valves--are classified in Industry 423830, Industria l Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of welding gases--are classified in Industry 424690, Other Chemical and

Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers.

42385 Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423850 below.

423850 Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesal e distribution of specialized equipment and supplies of the type used by service establishments (except specialized equipment and supplies used in offices, stores, hotels, re staurants, schools, health and medical fac ilities, photographic facilities, and specialized equipment used in transporta tion and construction activities).

Illustrative Examples:

Amusement park equipment merchant wholesalersJanitorial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Beauty parlor equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Undertakers' equipment and su pplies merchant wholesalers Car wash equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers Upholsterers' equipment and supplies (except fabrics) merchant wholesalers Drycleaning equipment and su pplies merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of janitorial and automotive chemicals--are classified in Industry 424690, Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of piece goods, fabrics, knitting yarns (ex cept industrial), thread and other notions--are classified in Industry 424310, Pi ece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of industrial yarns--are classified in Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous

Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers.

42386 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (e xcept Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423860 below.

423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (e xcept Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of transportation equipment and supplies (except marine pleasure craft and motor vehicles).

Illustrative Examples:

Aircraft merchant wholesalers

Railroad cars merchant wholesalers Motorized passenger golf carts merchant wholesalers Ships merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts--are classified in Industry Group 4231, Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Part s and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of marine pleasure craft--are classified in Industry 423910, Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

4239 Miscellaneous Durable G oods Merchant Wholesalers

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of sporting, recreational, toy, hobby, and jewelry goods and supplies, and precious stones and metals.

42391 Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423910 below.

423910 Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of sporting goods and accessories; billiard and pool su pplies; sporting firearms and ammuniti on; and/or marine pleasure craft, equipment, and supplies.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicles and trailers--are classifi ed in Industry 423110, Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of motorized passenge r golf carts--are classified in Industry 423860, Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of athletic apparel and athletic footwear--are classified in Industry Group 4243, Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers.

42392 Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423920 below.

423920 Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of games, toys, fireworks, playing cards, hobby goods and supplies, and/or related goods.

42393 Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423930 below.

423930 Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of automotive scrap, industrial scrap, and other recyclable materials. Included in this industry are auto wreckers primarily engaged in dismantling motor vehicles for the purpose of wholesaling scrap.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Dismantling motor vehicles for the purpose of selling used parts--are classified in Industry 423140, Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable material s, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals are sorted into distinct categories--are classified in Industry 5 62920, Materials Recovery

Facilities.

42394 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Me rchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423940 below.

423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Me rchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of jewelry, precious and semiprecious stones, precious metals and metal flatware, costume jewelry, watches, clocks, silverware, and/or jewelers' findings.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of precious metal ores or concentrates--are classified in Industry 423520, Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonprecious flat ware--are classified in Industry 423220, Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers.

42399 Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 423990 below.

423990 Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of durable goods (except motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies; furniture and home furnishings; lumber and otherconstruction materials; professional and commercial e quipment and supplies; metals and minerals (except petroleum); electrical goods; hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment and suppli es; machinery, equipment and supplies; sporting and recreational goods and supplies; toy and hobby goods and supplies; recyclable materials; and jewelry, watches, precious stones and precious metals).

Illustrative Examples:

Musical instruments merchant wholesalers Prerecorded audio and video tapes and discs merchant wholesalers Phonograph records merchant wholesalers Prerecorded compact discs (CDs) and digital video discs (DVDs) merchant wholesalers

Prerecorded audio and video cassettes merchant wholesalers Timber and timber products (except lumber) merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of automobiles and other motor vehicles, motor vehicle supplies, tires, and new and used parts--are classified in Industry Gr oup 4231, Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of furniture and home furnishings--are classified in Industry Group 4232, Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lumber, plywood, millwork, wood panels, brick, stone, roofing, siding,

and other nonelectrical construction materials--are cl assified in Industry Group 4233, Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of photographic; office; computer and computer peripheral; medical, dental, hospital, ophthalmic; and other commercial and professional equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry Group 4234, Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of coal and other minerals and ores and semi-finished metal products--are classified in Industry Group 4235, Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household appliances and electrical goods--are classified in Industry Group 4236, Household Appliances and Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hardware; and plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry Group 4237, Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of construction, mining, farm, garden, industrial, service establishment, and transportation machinery, equipm ent and supplies--are classified in Industry Group 4238, Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of sporting goods and accessories; billia rd and pool su pplies; sporting firearms and ammunition; and/or marine pleasure craft, equipment, and supplies--a re classified in Industry 423910, Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of toys, fireworks, playing cards, hobby goods and supplies and/or related goods--are classified in Industry 423920, Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of au tomotive, industrial, and other recycl able materials--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Mate rial Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of jewelry, precious and semiprecious stones, precious metals and metal flatware, costume jewelry, watches, clocks, silverware, and/or jewelers' findings--are classified in Industry 423940, Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers.

424 Merchant Wholesalers , Nondurable Goods

Industries in the Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods subsector sell nondurable goods to other businesses. Nondurable goods are items generally w ith a normal life expectancy of less than three years. Nondurable goods merchant wholesale trade establishments are engaged in wholesaling products, such as paper and paper products, chemicals and chemical products, drugs, textiles and textile products, apparel, footwear , groceries, farm products,petroleum and petroleum products, alcoholic beverages, bo oks, magazines, newspapers, flowers and nursery stock, and tobacco products. The detailed industries within the subsector are organized in the classification structure based on the products sold. Business to business electronic markets, agents, and brokers primarily engaged in wholesaling nondurable goods, generally on a commission or fee basis, are classified in Subsector 425, W holesale Electronic Markets and Agents

and Brokers.

4241 Paper and Paper Produc t Merchant Wholesalers

42411 Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424110 below.

424110 Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of bulk printing and/or writing paper generally on rolls for further processing.

Illustrative Examples :

Bulk envelope paper merchant wholesalers Bulk paper (e.g., fine, printing, writing) merchant wholesalers Bulk groundwood paper merchant wholesalers

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stationery are classified in Industry 424120, Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

42412 Stationery and Office S upplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424120 below.

424120 Stationery and Office S upplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stationery, office supplies, and/or gift wrap.

Illustrative Examples:

Computer paper supplies merchant wholesalers Photocopy supplies merchant wholesalers Envelope merchant wholesalers Social stationery me rchant wholesalers

File cards and folders merchant wholesalers Typewriter paper merchant wholesalers Greeting cards merchant wholesalers Writing pens merchant wholesalers

Pencils merchant wholesalers

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of bulk printing and/or writing paper are classified in Industry 424110, Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers.

42413 Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424130 below.424130 Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of kraft wrapping and other coarse paper, paperboard, converted paper (except stationery and office supplies), and/or related disposable plastics products.

Illustrative Examples:

Disposable plastics eating utensils merchant wholesalers Paper napkins merchant wholesalers Paper and disposable plastics dishes merchant wholesalers Paperboard and disposable plastics boxes merchant wholesalers Paper and disposable plastics shipping supplies merchant wholesalers Plastics bags merchant wholesalers Paper bags merchant wholesalers Sanitary paper products merchant wholesalers

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stationery, office supplies, and/or gift wrap are classified in Industry 424120, Stati onery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

4242 Drugs and Druggists' Sund ries Merchant Wholesalers

42421 Drugs and Druggists' S undries Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424210 below.

424210 Drugs and Druggists' S undries Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of biological and medical products; botanical drugs and herbs; and pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption in such forms as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and suspensions.

Illustrative Examples:

Antibiotics merchant wholesalers

Endocrine substances merchant wholesalers

Blood derivatives merchant wholesalers In-vitro and in-vivo diagnostics merchant wholesalers

Botanicals merchant wholesalers

Vaccines merchant wholesalers

Cosmetics merchant wholesalers

Vitamins merchant wholesalers

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of surgical, dental, and hospital equipment are classified in Industry 423450, Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant

Wholesalers.

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and No tions Merchant Wholesalers

42431 Piece Goods, Notions, and Othe r Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424310 below.

424310 Piece Goods, Notions, and Othe r Dry Goods Merchant WholesalersThis industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholes ale distribution of piece goods, fabrics, knitting yarns (except in dustrial), thread and other no tions, and/or hair accessories.

Cross-References

.

 Establishments primarily engaged as converters who buy fabric goods in the grey, have them finished on a contract basis, and sell at wholesale are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills;

and

 Establishments primarily engaged in merchant wholesale distribution of industrial yarns are classified in Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers.

42432 Men's and Boys' Clothing and Furnishings Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424320 below.

424320 Men's and Boys' Clothing and Furnishings Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of men's and/or boys' clothing and furnishings.

Illustrative Examples:

Men's and boys' hosiery merchant wholesalers Men's and boys' suits merchant wholesalers Men's and boys' nightwear merchant wholesalers Men's and boys' underwear merchant wholesalers Men's and boys' sportswear merchant wholesalers Men's and boys' work clothing merchant wholesalers

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of unisex clothing and men's fur clothing are classified in Industry 424330, Women's, Children' s, and Infants' Clothing and Accessories Merchant

Wholesalers.

42433 Women's, Children's, an d Infants' Clothing and Acces sories Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424330 below.

424330 Women's, Children's, an d Infants' Clothing and Acces sories Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of (1) women's, children's, infants', and/or unisex clothing and accessories and/or (2) fur clothing.

Illustrative Examples:

Dresses merchant wholesalers Millinery merchant wholesalers Fur clothing merchant wholesalers Women's, children's, and infants' hosiery merchant wholesalers Lingerie merchant wholesalers

42434 Footwear Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424340 below.

424340 Footwear Merchant WholesalersThis industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of footwear (including athletic) of leather, rubber, and other materials.

4244 Grocery and Related Prod uct Merchant Wh olesalers

42441 General Line Grocer y Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424410 below.

424410 General Line Grocer y Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of a general line (wide range) of groceries.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wh olesale distribution of a speci alized line of groceries are classified elsewhere in Sector 42, Wholes ale Trade, according to the product sold.

42442 Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424420 below.

424420 Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen foods (except dairy products).

Illustrative Examples:

Frozen bakery products merchant wholesalers Packaged frozen fish merchant wholesalers Frozen juices merchant wholesalers Packaged frozen meats merchant wholesalers Frozen vegetables merchant wholesalers Packaged frozen poultry merchant wholesalers

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of frozen dairy products are classified in Industry 424430, Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers.

42443 Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424430 below.

424430 Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of dairy products (except dried or canned).

Illustrative Examples:

Butter merchant wholesalers Fluid milk (except canned) merchant wholesalers

Cheese merchant wholesalers

Ice cream and ices merchant wholesalers

Cream merchant wholesalers Yogurt merchant wholesalersCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of dried or canned da iry products and dairy substitutes--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Pasteurizing and bottling milk--are classified in U. S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing.

42444 Poultry and Poultry Pr oduct Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424440 below.

424440 Poultry and Poultry Pr oduct Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of poultry and/or poultry products (except canned and packaged frozen).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen poultry--are classified in Industry 424420, Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of canned poultry--a re classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Slaughtering and dressing poultry--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry Processing.

42445 Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424450 below.

424450 Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of confectioneries; salted or roasted nuts; popcorn; potato, corn, and similar chips; and/or fountain fruits and syrups.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of frozen pretzels--a re classified in Industry 424420, Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pretzels (except frozen)--are classi fied in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers.

42446 Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424460 below.

424460 Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of fish and seafood (except canned or packaged frozen).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen fish and seafood--are classified in Industry 424420, Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of canned fish and seafood--are classi fied in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Canning, smoking, salting, drying, or freezing seafood and shucking and packing fresh shellfish--are classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging.42447 Meat and Meat Pro duct Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424470 below.

424470 Meat and Meat Pro duct Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of meats and meat products (except canned and packaged frozen) and/or lard.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen m eats--are classified in Industry 424420, Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of canned meats--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Preparing boxed beef--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 311612, M eat Processed from Carcasses.

42448 Fresh Fruit and Vegeta ble Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424480 below.

424480 Fresh Fruit and Vegeta ble Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of fresh fruits and vegetables.

42449 Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424490 below.

424490 Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of groceries and related products (except a general line of groceries; packaged frozen food; dairy products (except dried and canned); poultry products (except canned); confectioneries; fish and seafood (except canned); meat products (except canned); and fresh fruits and vegetables). Included in this indust ry are establishments primarily engaged in the bottling and merchant wholesale distribution of spring and mineral waters processed by others.

Illustrative Examples:

Bakery products (except frozen) merchant wholesalers

Canned seafood merchant wholesalers

Canned fish merchant wholesalers Canned vegetables merchant wholesalers

Canned fruits merchant wholesalers

Dried milk merchant wholesalers

Canned meats merchant wholesalers

Soft drinks merchant wholesalers

Canned milk merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of grains, field beans, livestock, and other farm product raw materials--are classified in Industry Group 4245, Farm Pr oduct Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of beer, wine, and dis tilled alcoholic beverages--are classified in Industry Group 4248, Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers;

 Bottling soft drinks--are classified in Industry 31211, Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing; Merchant wholesale distribution of a general line of groceries--are classified in Industry 424410, General Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen foods (except dairy)--are classified in Industry 424420, Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of dairy products--are classified in Industry 424430, Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of poultry and poultry products (except canned and packaged frozen)--are classified in Industry 424440, Poultry and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of confectioneries; salted or roasted nuts; popcorn; potato, corn, and similar chips; and/or fountain fruits and syrups--are classified in Industry 424450, Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fish and seafoods (except canned and packaged frozen)--are classified in Industry 424460, Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of meats (except cann ed and packaged frozen)--are classified in Industry 424470, Meat and Meat Produ ct Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers;

 Purifying and bottling water--are classified in U.S. Industry 312112, Bottled Water Manufacturing; and

 Roasting coffee--are classified in Industr y 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing.

4245 Farm Product Raw Materi al Merchant Wholesalers

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of agricultural products (except raw milk, live poultry, and fresh fruits and vegetables), such as grains, field beans, livestock, and other farm product raw materials (excluding seeds).

42451 Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424510 below.

424510 Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of grains, such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, and unpolished rice; dry beans; and soybeans and other inedible beans. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in operatin g country or terminal grain elevators primarily for the purpose of wholesaling.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of field and garden seeds--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Operating grain elevators for storage only--are classified in Industry 493130, Farm Product Warehousing and Storage.

42452 Livestock Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424520 below.

424520 Livestock Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of livestock (except horses and mules).

Illustrative Examples:

Cattle merchant wholesalers Hogs merchant wholesalersGoats merchant wholesalers Sheep merchant wholesalers

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of horses and mules are classified in Industry 424590, Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers.

42459 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424590 below.

424590 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of farm products (except grain and field beans, livestock, raw milk , live poultry, and fresh fruits and vegetables).

Illustrative Examples:

Chicks merchant wholesalers

Mules merchant wholesalers

Hides merchant wholesalers

Raw cotton merchant wholesalers

Horses merchant wholesalers Raw pelts merchant wholesalers

Leaf tobacco merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of raw milk--are classified in Indust ry 424430, Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of live poultry (except chicks)--are classified in Industry 424440, Poultry and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of grain, dry beans, and soybeans and other inedible beans--are classified in Industry 424510, Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of livestock (except horses and mules), such as cattle, hogs, sheep, and goats--are classified in Industry 424520, Livestock Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers.

4246 Chemical and A llied Products Merch ant Wholesalers

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of chemicals, plastics materials and basic forms and shapes, and allied products.

42461 Plastics Materials and Basic Fo rms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424610 below.

424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Fo rms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of plastics materials and resins, and unsupported plastics film, sheet, sheeting, rod, tube, and other basic forms and shapes.

42469 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424690 below.

424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant WholesalersThis industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of chemicals and allied products (except agricultural and medicinal chemicals, paints and varnishes, fireworks, and plastics materials and basic forms and shapes).

Illustrative Examples:

Acids merchant wholesalers

Industrial chemicals merchant wholesalers Automotive chemicals (except lubricating oils and greases) merchant wholesalers

Industrial salts merchant wholesalers Dyestuffs merchant wholesalers

Rosins merchant wholesalers Explosives (except ammunition and fireworks) merchant wholesalers Turpentine merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of ammunition--are classified in Industry Group 4239, Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of biological and medical products; botanical drugs and herbs; and pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption in such forms as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and su spensions--are classified in Industry 424210, Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of farm supplies, such as animal feeds, fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, seeds and plant bulbs--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of paints, varnishes, and similar coatings, pigments, wallpaper, and supplies, such as paint brushes and rollers--are classified in Industry 424950, Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lubricating oils and greases--are classified in Industry 424720, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals);

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fireworks--are classified in Industry 423920, Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of plastics materials and resins, and unsupported plastics film, sheet, sheeting, rod, tube, and other basic forms and shapes--are classified in Industry 424610, Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers.

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers

42471 Petroleum Bulk St ations and Terminals See industry description for 424710 below.

424710 Petroleum Bulk St ations and Terminals

This industry comprises establishments with bulk liquid storage facilities primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of crude petroleum and petroleum products, including liquefied petroleum gas.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in bulk storage of petroleum are classified in Industry 493190, Other Warehousing and Storage.

42472 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wh olesalers (except Bulk St ations and Terminals) See industry description for 424720 below.424720 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wh olesalers (except Bulk St ations and Terminals)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of petroleum and petroleum products (except from bulk liquid storage facilities).

Illustrative Examples:

Bottled liquid petroleum gas merchant wholesalers Gasoline merchant wholesalers (except bulk stations, terminals) Fuel oil merchant wholesalers (ex cept bulk stations, terminals) Lubricating oil and grease merchant wholesalers (except bulk stations, terminals)

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of crude petroleum and petroleum products from bulk liquid storage facilities are classified in Industry 424710, Petroleum Bulk Stations and

Terminals.

4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers

42481 Beer and Ale M erchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424810 below.

424810 Beer and Ale M erchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesal e distribution of beer, ale, porter, and other fermented malt beverages.

42482 Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424820 below.

424820 Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of wine, distilled alcoholic beverages, and/or neutral spirits and ethy l alcohol used in blended wines and distilled liquors.

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of nondurable goods, such as farm supplies; books, periodicals and newspapers; flowers; nursery stock; paints; varnishes; tobacco and tobacco products; and other miscellaneous nondurable goods, such as cut Christmas trees and pet supplies.

42491 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424910 below.

424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in the merchant wholesale distribution of farm supplies, such as animal feeds, fertilizers, agricultural ch emicals, pesticides, plant seeds, and plant bulbs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pe t food--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; Merchant wholesale distribution of grains--are cla ssified in Industry 4245 10, Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pet supplies--are classified in Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nursery stock (excep t seeds and plant bulbs)--ar e classified in Industry 424930, Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

42492 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424920 below.

424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of books, periodicals, and newspapers.

42493 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Flor ists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424930 below.

424930 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Flor ists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of flowers, florists' supplies, and/or nursery stock (except plant seeds and plant bulbs).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Merchant wholesale distribution of cut Christma s trees--are classified in Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of plant seeds and plant bulbs--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers.

42494 Tobacco and Tobacco Pr oduct Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424940 below.

424940 Tobacco and Tobacco Pr oduct Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of tobacco products, such as cigarettes, snuff, cigars, and pipe tobacco.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of leaf tobacco are classified in Industry 424590, Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers.

42495 Paint, Varnish, and Su pplies Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424950 below.

424950 Paint, Varnish, and Su pplies Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of paints, varnishes, and similar coatings; pigments; wallpaper ; and supplies, such as paint brushes and rollers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholes ale distribution of artists' paints are classified in Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers.42499 Other Miscellaneous Nondurab le Goods Merchant Wholesalers See industry description for 424990 below.

424990 Other Miscellaneous Nondurab le Goods Merchant Wholesalers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the merchant wholesale distribution of nondurable goods (except printing and writing paper; stationery and office supplies; industrial and personal service paper; drugs and druggists' sundries; apparel, piece goods, and notions; grocery and related products; farm product raw materials; chemical and allied products; petroleum and petroleum prod ucts; beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverages; farm supplies; books, periodicals and newspa pers; flower, nursery stock and flor ists' supplies; tobacco and tobacco products; and paint, varnishes, wallpaper, and supplies).

Illustrative Examples:

Artists' supplies merchant wholesalers Pet supplies (except pet food) merchant wholesalers Burlap merchant wholesalers Statuary goods (except religious) merchant wholesalers

Christmas trees merchant wholesalers Textile bags merchant wholesalers Industrial yarn merchant wholesalers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Distribution of advertising specialties--are classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to Advertising;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of farm supplies--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of books, periodicals, and newspapers--are classified in Industry 424920, Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of flowers, nursery stock, and florists' supplies--are classified in Industry 424930, Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of tobacco and its products--are classified in Industry 424940, Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of paints, varnishes, and similar coatings; pigments; wallpaper; and supplies--are classified in Industry 424950, Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of bulk printing and/or writing paper--are classified in Industry 424110, Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of stationery, office supplies, and/or gift wrap--are classified in Industry 424120, Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of wrapping and other coarse paper, paperboard, converted paper (except stationery and office supplies), and related disposable plastics products--are classified in Industry 424130, Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of biological and medical products; botanical drugs and herbs; and pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption- -are classified in Industry 424210, Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of clothing and acces sories, footwear, piece good s, yard goods, notions,

and/or hair accessories--are cla ssified in Industry Group 4243, Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of meat, poultry, seafood, confectioneries, fruits and vegetables; and other groceries and related products--are classified in Industry Group 4244, Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of grains, field beans, livestock, and other farm product raw materials--are classified in Industry Group 4245, Farm Pr oduct Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers; Merchant wholesale distribution of chemicals; plastics materials and basic forms and shapes; and allied products--are classified in Industry Group 4246, Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of petroleum and petroleum products--are classified in Industry Group 4247, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of beer, ale, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverages--are classified in Industry Group 4248, Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pet foods--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of religious stat uary--are classified in Industry 423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of knitting yarns (ex cept industrial)--are classified in Industry 424310, Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dr y Goods Merchant Wholesalers.

425 Wholesale Electronic Market s and Agents and Brokers

Industries in the Wholesale Electronic Markets and Ag ents and Brokers subsector arrange for the sale of goods owned by others, generally on a fee or commission basis. They act on behalf of the buyers and sellers of goods. This subsector contains agents and brokers as well as business to business electronic markets that facilitate

wholesale trade.

4251 Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers

42511 Business to Business Electronic Markets See industry description for 425110 below.

425110 Business to Busine ss Electronic Markets

This industry comprises business-to-business electronic markets bringing together buyers and sellers of goods using the Internet or other electronic means and generally receiving a commission or fee for the service. Businessto-business electronic markets for durable and nondurable goods are included in this industry.

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in bringing together buyers and sellers of goods using the Internet in a business-to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer environment are classified in Industry 45411, Electronic Shopping

and Mail-Order Houses.

42512 Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers See industry description for 425120 below.

425120 Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers

This industry comprises wholesale tr ade agents and brokers acting on behalf of buyers or sellers in the wholesale distribution of good s. Agents and brokers do not take title to th e goods being sold but rather receive a commission or fee for their service. Agents an d brokers for all durable and nondurable goods are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Independent sales representatives Manufacturers' sales representatives

Cross-References

.

Establishments acting in the capacity of agents or brok ers that operate using the Inte rnet or other electronic means

instead of a sales force are classified in Indust ry 425110, Business to Bu siness Electronic Markets.

## Sector 44-45--Retail Trade T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Retail Trade sector comprises establishments engaged in retailing merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. The retailing process is the final step in the distribution of merchandise; retailers are, therefore, organized to sell merchandise in small quantities to the general public. This sector comprises two main types of retailers: store and

nonstore retailers.

1. Store retailers operate fixed point-of-sale locations, located and designed to attract a high volume of walk-in customers. In general, retail stores have extensive displays of merchandise and use mass-media advertising to attract customers. They typically sell merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption, but

some also serve business and institutional clients. Thes e include establishments, such as office supply stores, computer and software stores, buildin g materials dealers, plumbing supply stores, and electrical supply stores. Catalog showrooms, gasoline stations, automotive dealers, and mobile home dealers are treated as store retailers. In addition to retailing merchandise, some types of stor e retailers are also engaged in the provision of after-sales services, such as repair and installati on. For example, new automobile dealers, electronics and appliance stores, and musical instrument and supplies stores often provide repair services. As a general rule, establishments engaged in retailing merchandise and providing after-sales services are classified in this sector.

The first eleven subsectors of retail trade are store reta ilers. The establishments are grouped into industries and industry groups typically based on one or more of the following criteria:

(a) The merchandise line or lines car ried by the store; for exam ple, specialty stores are distinguished from generalline stores.

(b) The usual trade designation of the establishments. This criterion applies in cases where a store type is well recognized by the industry and the public, but difficult to define strictly in terms of merchandise lines carried; for example, pharmacies, hardware stores, and department stores.

(c) Capital requirements in terms of display equipment; for example, food stores have equipment requirements not

found in other retail industries.

(d) Human resource requirements in terms of expertise; for example, the staff of an automobile dealer requires knowledge in financing, registering, and licensing issues that are not necessary in other retail industries.

2. Nonstore retailers, like store retailers, are organized to serve the general public, but their retailing methods

differ. The establishments of this subsector reach cust omers and market merchandise with methods, such as the broadcasting of "infomercials," the broadcasting and publishing of direct-response advertising, the publishing of paper and electronic catalogs, door-to-door solicitation, in- home demonstration, selling from portable stalls (street vendors, except food), and distribution through vending machines. Establishments engaged in the direct sale (nonstore) of products, such as home heating oil dealers and home delivery newspaper routes are included here. The buying of goods for resale is a characteristic of re tail trade establishments that particularly distinguishes them from establishments in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction industries. For example, farms that sell their products at or from the point of production are not classi fied in retail, but rather in agriculture. Similarly, establishments that both manufacture and sell their products to the general public are not classified in retail, but rather in manufacturing. However, establishments that engage in processing activities incidental to retailing are classified in retail. This includes establishments, such as optical goods stores that do in-store grinding of lenses, and

meat and seafood markets. Wholesalers also engage in the buyi ng of goods for resale, but they are not usually organized to serve the general public. They typically operate from a warehouse or office and neither the design nor the location of these premises is intended to solicit a high volume of walk-in traffic. Wholesalers supply institutional, industrial, wholesale, and retail clients; their operations are, therefore, generally or ganized to purchase, sell, and deliver merchandise in larger quantities. However, dealers of durable nonconsumer goods , such as farm machinery and heavy-duty trucks, are included in wholesale trade even if they often sell these products in single units.441 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers

Industries in the Motor Vehicle a nd Parts Dealers subsector retail motor vehicles and parts from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector typically operate from a showroom and/or an open lot where the vehicles are on display. The display of vehicles and the relate d parts require little by way of display equipment. The personnel generally include both the sales and sales suppor t staff familiar with the requirements for registering and financing a vehicle as well as a staff of parts experts and mechanics trained to provide repair and maintenance services for the vehicles. Specific in dustries have been included in this subsector to identify the type of vehicle being retailed. Sales of capital or durable nonconsumer goods, such as medium- and heavy-duty trucks, are always included in wholesale trade. These goods are virtually never sold through retail methods.

4411 Automobile Dealers

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and used automobiles and light trucks, such as sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans.

44111 New Car Dealers See industry description for 441110 below.

441110 New Car Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing new automobiles and light trucks, such as sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans, or re tailing these new vehicles in combination with activities, such as repair services, retailing used cars, and selling replacement parts and accessories.

Illustrative Examples:

Automobile dealers, new only, or new and used Light utility truck dealers, new only, or new and used

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing used automobiles and light trucks withou t retailing new automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry 441120, Used Car Dealers;

 Providing automotive repair services without retaili ng new automotive vehicles--are classified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses, and other motor vehicles-- are classified in Industry 423110, Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers.

44112 Used Car Dealers See industry description for 441120 below.

441120 Used Car Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing used automobiles and light trucks, such as sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans.

Illustrative Examples:

Antique auto dealers Light truck dealers, used only Automobile dealers, used only

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Retailing new automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry 441110, New Car Dealers; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of used medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses, and other motor vehicles-- are classified in Industry 423110, Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers.

4412 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and used vehicles (except automobiles, light trucks, such as sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans).

44121 Recreational Vehicle Dealers See industry description for 441210 below.

441210 Recreational Vehicle Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing new and/or used recreational vehicles commonly referred to as RVs or retailing these new vehicles in combination with activities, such as repair services and selling replacement parts and accessories.

Illustrative Examples:

Motor home dealers Recreational vehicle (RV) pa rts and accessories stores Recreational vehicle (RV) dealers

Travel trailer dealers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new or used boat trailers and utility trailers--a re classified in Industry 44122, Motorcycle, Boat, and Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; and

 Retailing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes), parts, and equipment--are classified in Industry 453930, Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers.

44122 Motorcycle, Boat, and Ot her Motor Vehicle Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and used motorcycles, boats, and other vehicles (except automobiles, light trucks, and recreational vehicles), or retailing these new vehicles in combination with activities, such as repa ir services and selling replacement parts and accessories.

Illustrative Examples:

Aircraft dealers Motorcycle dealers All-terrain vehicle (ATV) dealers Utility trailer dealers Boat dealers, new and used

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new nonmotorized bicycles, surfboards, or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 45111, Sporting Goods Stores;

 Retailing used nonmotorized bicycles, surfboards, or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Retailing new or used automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry Group 4411, Automobile Dealers; Retailing new or used recreational vehicles, such as travel trailers--are classified in Industry 44121, Recreational Vehicle Dealers;

 Providing repair services for vehicles without reta iling new vehicles--are classified in the appropriate industry for the repair services; and

 Retailing fuel and marine supplies at a marina --are classified in Industry 71393, Marinas.

441222 Boat Dealers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) retailing new and/or used boats or retailing

new boats in combination with activitie s, such as repair services and se lling replacement parts and accessories, and/or (2) retailing new and/or used outboard motors, boat trailers, marine supp lies, parts, and accessories.

Illustrative Examples:

Boat dealers (e.g., powerboats, rowboats, sailboats)

Outboard motor dealers Marine supply dealers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new surfboards or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores;

 Retailing used surfboards or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Providing boat repair services with out retailing new boats--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance;

 Retailing new or used personal watercraft--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 441228, Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; and

 Operating docking and/or storage facilities for pleasur e craft owners--are classified in Industry 713930,

Marinas.

441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and A ll Other Motor Vehicle Dealers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in retailing new and/or used motorcycles, motor scooters, motorbikes, mopeds, off-road all-terrain vehicl es, personal watercraft, utility trailers, and other motor vehicles (except automobiles, light trucks, recreational vehicles, and boats) or retailing these new vehicles in combination with activities such as repair serv ices and selling replacement parts and accessories.

Illustrative Examples:

All-terrain vehicle (ATV) dealers Motorcycle dealers Moped dealers Motorcycle parts and accessories dealers

Personal watercraft dealers

Aircraft dealers

Snowmobile dealers Powered golf cart dealers Utility trailer dealers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry 441110, New Car Dealers;

 Retailing used automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry 441120, Used Car Dealers;

 Retailing new or used recreational vehicles, such as tr avel trailers--are classifi ed in Industry 441210, Recreational Vehicle Dealers; Retailing new or used boats, outboard motors, boat trailers, and marine supplies--are classified in U.S. Industry 441222, Boat Dealers;

 Retailing new nonmotorized bicycles--are classified in Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores;

 Retailing used nonmotorized bicycles--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and

 Providing vehicle repair services without retailing new vehicles--are classified in the appropriate industry for the repair services.

4413 Automotive Pa rts, Accessories, and Tire Stores

44131 Automotive Parts a nd Accessories Stores See industry description for 441310 below.

441310 Automotive Parts a nd Accessories Stores

This industry comprises one or more of the following: (1) establishments known as automotive supply stores primarily engaged in retailing new, used, and/or rebu ilt automotive parts and accesso ries; (2) automotive supply stores that are primarily engaged in both retailing automotive parts and accessories and repairing automobiles; and (3) establishments primarily engaged in re tailing and installing automotive accessories.

Illustrative Examples :

Automotive parts and supply stores Truck cap stores

Automotive stereo stores Used automotive parts stores Speed shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing automotive parts and accesso ries via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new or used tires--are classified in Industry 441320, Tire Dealers; and

 Repairing and replacing automotive parts, such as transmissions, mufflers, and brake linings (except establishments known as automotive supply stores )--are classified in Industry 81111, Automotive

Mechanical and Electrical Repair and Maintenance.

44132 Tire Dealers See industry description for 441320 below.

441320 Tire Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing new and/or used tires and tubes or retailing new tires in combination with automotive repair services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing tires via electronic home shop ping, mail-order, or direct sale--a re classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Tire retreading or recapping--are classified in U.S. Industry 326212, Tire Retreading; and

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new/used tires for medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses, and other

motor vehicles--are classified in Industry 423130, Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers.

442 Furniture and Home Furnishings StoresIndustries in the Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores subsector retail new furniture and home furnishings from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector usually operate from showrooms and have substantial areas for the presentation of their products. Many offer interior decorating services in addition to the sale of products.

4421 Furniture Stores

44211 Furniture Stores See industry description for 442110 below.

442110 Furniture Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing new furniture, such as household furniture (e.g., baby furniture, box springs, and mattresses) and outdoor furniture; office furniture (except those sold in combination with office supplies and equipment); and/or furn iture sold in combination with major appliances, home electronics, home furnishings, or floor coverings.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing furniture via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing used furniture--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Retailing custom furniture made on premises--are classified in Subsector 337, Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing; and

 Retailing new office furniture and a range of new office equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 453210, Office Supplies and Stationery Stores.

4422 Home Furnishings Stores

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new home furnishings (except furniture).

44221 Floor Covering Stores See industry description for 442210 below.

442210 Floor Covering Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing new floor coverings, such as rugs and carpets, vinyl floor coverings, and floor tile (except cera mic or wood only); or retailing new floor coverings in combination with installation and repair services.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing floor coverings via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Installing floor coverings without retailing new floor coverings--are classified in Industry 238330, Flooring
Contractors;

 Retailing ceramic floor tile or wood floor coverings only --are classified in Industry 444190, Other Building Material Dealers; and

 Retailing used rugs and carpets--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

44229 Other Home Furn ishings Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing new home furnishings (except furniture and floor coverings).Illustrative Examples :

Bath shops

Kitchenware stores

Chinaware stores

Window treatment stores

Glassware stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing home furnishings via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing custom curtains and draperies made on premis es--are classified in Industry 31412, Curtain and Linen Mills;

 Retailing new mirrored glass, lighting fixtures, and ne w ceramic floor tile or wood floor coverings only-- are classified in Industry 44419, Other Building Material Dealers;

 Retailing new furniture--are classified in Industry 44211, Furniture Stores;

 Retailing new floor coverings (except ceramic or wood only)--are classified in Industry 44221, Floor Covering Stores; and

 Retailing used home furnishings--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise Stores.

442291 Window Treatment Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in retailing new window treatments, such as curtains, drapes, blinds, and shades.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing window treatments via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sa le--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; and

 Retailing custom curtains and draperies made on premis es--are classified in Indu stry 314120, Curtain and

Linen Mills.

442299 All Other Home Furnishings Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in retailing new home furnishings (except floor coverings, furniture, and window treatments).

Illustrative Examples:

Bath shops

Kitchenware stores

Chinaware stores

Linen stores Electric lamp shops

Picture frame stores

Glassware stores Wood-burning stove stores

Houseware stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing home furnishings via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; Retailing new mirrored glass or lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 444190, Other Building Material Dealers;

 Retailing new furniture--are classified in Industry 442110, Furniture Stores;

 Retailing new floor coverings--are classified in Industry 442210, Floor Covering Stores;

 Retailing new window treatments--are classified in U.S. Industry 442291, Window Treatment Stores; and

 Retailing used home furnishings--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

443 Electronics and Appliance Stores

Industries in the Electronics and Appliance Stores subsector retail new electronics and appliances from point-ofsale locations. Establishments in this subsector often operate from locations that have special provisions for floor displays requiring special electrical capacity to accommodate the proper demons tration of the produ cts. The staff includes sales personnel knowledgeable in the characteris tics and warranties of the lin e of goods retailed and may also include trained repair persons to handle the maintenance and repair of the electronic equipment and appliances.

The classifications within this subsect or are made principally on the type of product and knowledge required to operate each type of store.

4431 Electronics and Appliance Stores

44314 Electronics an d Appliance Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) retailing an array of new household-type appliances and consumer-type electronic products, such as televisions, computers, and cameras; (2) specializing in retailing a single line of new consumer-type electronic products; (3) retailing these new products in combination with repair and support services; (4) retaili ng new prepackaged computer software; and/or (5) retailing prerecorded audio and video media, such as CDs, DVDs, and tapes.

Illustrative Examples :

Appliance stores, household-type Consumer-type electronic stores (e.g ., televisions, computers, cameras)

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new appliance and electronic products via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale-- are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new computers, computer peripherals, and prepackaged software in combination with retailing new office equipment, office furniture, and office su pplies--are classified in Industry 45321, Office Supplies and Stationery Stores;

 Retailing new sewing machines in combination with se lling new sewing supplies, fa brics, patterns, yarns,

and other needlework accessories--are classified in Industry 45113, Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores;

 Retailing new electronic toys, such as dedicated game consoles and handheld electronic games--are classified in Industry 45112, Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores;

 Providing television or other electronic equipment repair services without retailing new televisions or electronic equipment--are cl assified in Industry 81121, Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance;

 Providing household-type appliance repair services without retailing new appliances--are classified in Industry 81141, Home and Garden Equipment and Appliance Repair and Maintenance;

 Developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements without retailing a range of new photographic equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing;

 Retailing used appliance and electronic products--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise Stores; and

 Retailing automotive electronic sound systems--are classified in Industry 44131, Automotive Parts and

Accessories Stores.443141 Household Appliance Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as appliance stores primarily engaged in retailing an array of new household appliances, such as refrigerators, dishwasher s, ovens, irons, coffeemak ers, hair dryers, electric razors, room air-conditioners, microwave ovens, sewing mach ines, and vacuum cleaners, or retailing new appliances in combination with appliance repair services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing household appliances via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new sewing machines in combination with se lling new sewing supplies, fa brics, patterns, yarns,

and other needlework accessories--are classified in Industry 451130, Sewi ng, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores;

 Providing household-type appliance repair services without retailing new appliances--are classified in U.S. Industry 811412, Appliance Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing used appliances--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

443142 Electronics Stores

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments kn own as consumer electronics stores primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new consumer-type electronic products such as televisions, computers, and cameras; (2) establishments specializing in retailing a single line of consumer-type electronic produ cts; (3) establishments primarily engaged in retailing these new electronic product s in combination with repair and support services; (4) establishments primarily engaged in retailing new prepackaged computer software; and/or (5) establishments primarily engaged in retailing prerecorded audio an d video media, such as CDs, DVDs, and tapes.

Illustrative Examples:

Consumer-type electronic stores (e.g ., televisions, computers, cameras) Stereo stores (except automotive)

Radio and television stores Computer stores Camera shops, photographic

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing electronic goods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing automotive electronic sound systems--are classified in Indus try 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores;

 Retailing new computers, computer peripherals, and prepackaged software in combination with retailing new office equipment, office furniture, and office su pplies--are classified in Industry 453210, Office Supplies and Stationery Stores;

 Providing television or other electronic equipment repair services without retailing new televisions or electronic products--are classified in Industry 81121, Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance;

 Developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements without retailing a range of new photographic equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing;

 Retailing new electronic toys, such as dedicated video game consoles and handheld electronic games--are classified in Industry 451120, Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores; and

 Retailing used electronics--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

444 Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies DealersIndustries in the Building Mate rial and Garden Equipment and Supplie s Dealers subsector retail new building material and garden equipment and supplies from fixed poin t-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector have display equipment designed to handle lumber and related products and garden equipment and supplies that may be kept either indoors or outdoors under covered areas. Th e staff is usually knowledgeable in the use of the specific products being retailed in the construction, repair, and maintenance of the home and associated grounds.

4441 Building Material and Supplies Dealers

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new building materials and supplies.

44411 Home Centers See industry description for 444110 below.

444110 Home Centers

This industry comprises establishments known as hom e centers primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new home repair and improvement materials and supplies, such as lumber, plumbing goods, electrical goods, tools, housewares, hardware, and lawn and garden supplies, with no one merchandise line predominating. The merchandise lines are normally arranged in separate departments.

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in retailing a genera l line of new hardware items, such as tools and builders' hardware are classified in Industry 444130, Hardware Stores.

44412 Paint and Wallpaper Stores See industry description for 444120 below.

444120 Paint and Wallpaper Stores

This industry comprises establishments known as paint and wallpaper stores primarily engaged in retailing paint, wallpaper, and related supplies.

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in retailing automotive paints are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive

Parts and Accessories Stores.

44413 Hardware Stores See industry description for 444130 below.

444130 Hardware Stores

This industry comprises establishments known as hard ware stores primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new hardware items, such as tools and builders' hardware.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing hardware items via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing a general line of home repair and improvement materials and supplies, known as home centers-- are classified in Industry 444110, Home Centers; and

 Retailing used hardware items--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

44419 Other Building Material DealersSee industry description for 444190 below.

444190 Other Building Material Dealers

This industry comprises establishments (except th ose known as home centers, paint and wallpaper stores, and hardware stores) primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of new building materials, such as lumber, fencing, glass, doors, plumbing fixtures and supplies, electrical supplies, prefabricated buildings and kits, and kitchen and bath cabinets and countertops to be installed.

Illustrative Examples:

Electrical supply stores Kitchen cabinet (except custom) stores Fencing dealers Lumber yards, retail Floor covering stores, wood or ceramic tile only Plumbing supply stores Garage door dealers Prefabricated building dealers

Glass stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing building materials via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing used building materials--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Providing carpentry/installation services for products--a re classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors;

 Installing plumbing fixtures and supplies--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and AirConditioning Contractors;

 Installing electrical supplies, such as lighting fixtures and ceiling fans--are classified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors;

 Making custom furniture (e.g., kitchen cabinets)--are classified in Subsector 337, Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing;

 Retailing a general line of new hardware items, known as hardware stores--are classified in Industry 444130, Hardware Stores;

 Retailing paint and wallpaper, known as paint and wallpaper stores--are classified in Industry 444120, Paint and Wallpaper Stores; and

 Retailing a general line of home repair and improvement materials and supplies, known as home centers-- are classified in Industry 444110, Home Centers.

4442 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new lawn and garden equipment and supplies.

44421 Outdoor Power Equipment Stores See industry description for 444210 below.

444210 Outdoor Power Equipment Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new outdoor power equipment or retailing new outdoor power equipment in combination with activities, such as repair services and selling replacement parts.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Retailing outdoor power equipment via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Providing outdoor power equipment repair services without retailing new outdoor power equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811411, Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing used outdoor power equipment--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

44422 Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores See industry description for 444220 below.

444220 Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in retailing nursery and garden products, such as trees, shrubs, plants, seeds, bulbs, and sod, that are predominantly grown elsewhere. These establishments may sell a limited amount of a product they grow themselves. Also included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing farm supplies, such as animal (non-pet) feed.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing nursery and garden products via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Providing landscaping services--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services; and

 Growing and retailing nursery stock--are classified in U.S. Industry 111421, Nursery and Tree Production.

445 Food and Beverage Stores

Industries in the Food and Beverage Stores subsector usually retail food and beverage merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector ha ve special equipment (e.g., fr eezers, refrigerated display cases, refrigerators) for displaying food and beverage goods. They have staff trained in the processing of food products to guarantee the proper storage and sanitary conditions required by regulatory authority.

4451 Grocery Stores

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food products.

44511 Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores See industry description for 445110 below.

445110 Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores

This industry comprises establishments generally known as supermarkets and grocery stores primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food, such as canned and frozen foods; fresh fruits and vegetables; and fresh and prepared meats, fish, and poultry. Included in this industry are delicatessen-type establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing automotive fuels in combination with a conveni ence store or food mart--are classified in Industry 447110, Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores;

 Retailing a limited line of goods, known as convenien ce stores or food marts (except those with fuel pumps)--are classified in Industry 445120, Convenience Stores;

 Retailing frozen food and freezer meal plans via direct sales to residential customers--are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments;

 Providing food services in delicatessen-type estab lishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants; and Retailing fresh meat in delicatessen-type establishments --are classified in Industry 445210, Meat Markets.

44512 Convenience Stores See industry description for 445120 below.

445120 Convenience Stores

This industry comprises establishments known as conveni ence stores or food marts (exc ept those with fuel pumps) primarily engaged in retailing a limited line of goods that generally includes milk, bread, soda, and snacks.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing a general line of food, known as supermarkets and grocery stores--are classified in Industry 445110, Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores; and

 Retailing automotive fuels in combination with a conveni ence store or food mart--are classified in Industry 447110, Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores.

4452 Specialty Food Stores

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in retailing specialized lines of food.

44521 Meat Markets See industry description for 445210 below.

445210 Meat Markets

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing fresh, frozen, or cured meats and poultry. Delicatessen-type establishments primarily engaged in retailing fresh meat are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Baked ham stores

Meat markets Butcher shops Poultry dealers Frozen meat shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing meat and poultry via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing a general line of food, known as supermarkets and grocery stores--are classified in Industry 445110, Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores; and

 Providing food services in delicatessen-type estab lishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513,

Limited-Service Restaurants.

44522 Fish and Seafood Markets See industry description for 445220 below.

445220 Fish and Seafood Markets

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing fresh, frozen, or cured fish and seafood products.

Cross-References

.Establishments primarily engaged in retailing fish and seafood products via electronic home shopping, mail-order,

or direct sale are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers.

44523 Fruit and Vegetable Markets See industry description for 445230 below.

445230 Fruit and Vegetable Markets

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing fresh fruits and vegetables.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing fruits and vegetables via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; and

 Growing and selling vegetables and/or fruits at roadside stands--are classified in Subsector 111, Crop

Production.

44529 Other Specialty Food Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing specialty foods (except meat, fish, seafood, and fruits and vegetables) not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises.

Illustrative Examples:

Baked goods stores (except immediate consumption) Dairy product stores Coffee and tea (i.e., packaged) stores

Gourmet food stores Confectionery (i.e., packaged) stores Nut (i.e., packaged) stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing specialty foods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing baked goods made on the premises, but not for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing;

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured meats and poultry--are classified in Industry 44521, Meat Markets;

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured fish and seafood products--are classified in Industry 44522, Fish and Seafood Markets;

 Retailing fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 44523, Fruit and Vegetable Markets;

 Retailing candy and confectionery products not for immediate consumption and made on premises--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing; and

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 72251, Re staurants and Other Eating Places.

445291 Baked Goods Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in retailing baked goods not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Retailing baked goods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and

 Retailing baked goods made on the premises but not for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries.

445292 Confectionery and Nut Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing candy and other confections, nuts, and popcorn not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts made on premises and not packaged for immediate consumption-- are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing;

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and

 Retailing baked goods made on the premises but not for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries.

445299 All Other Specialty Food Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in retailing miscellaneous specialty foods (except meat, fish, seafood, fruit and vegetables, confections, nuts, popcorn, and baked goods) not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises.

Illustrative Examples:

Coffee and tea (i.e., packaged) stores Soft drink (i.e., bottled) stores Dairy product stores Spice stores

Gourmet food stores Water (i.e., bottled) stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing specialty foods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured meats and poultry--are classified in Industry 445210, Meat Markets;

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured fish and seafood products--are classified in Industry 445220, Fish and Seafood Markets;

 Retailing fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 445230, Fruit and Vegetable Markets;

 Retailing candy and other confections, nuts, and popcorn not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises--are classified in U.S. Indust ry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; and

 Retailing baked goods not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores.

4453 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores44531 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores See industry description for 445310 below.

445310 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in retailing packaged alcoholic beverages, such as ale, beer, wine, and liquor.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in retailing packaged liquor in combination with providing prepared drinks for immediate consumption on the premises are classified in Industry 722410, Drin king Places (Alcoholic Beverages).

446 Health and Personal Care Stores

Industries in the Health and Pers onal Care Stores subsector retail health and personal care merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector ar e characterized principally by the products they retail, and some health and personal care stores may have specialized staff trained in dealing with the products. Staff may include pharmacists, opticians, and other professionals enga ged in retailing, advising customers, and/or fitting the product sold to the customer's needs.

4461 Health and Personal Care Stores

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing health and personal care products.

44611 Pharmacies and Drug Stores See industry description for 446110 below.

446110 Pharmacies and Drug Stores

This industry comprises establishments known as pharmacies and drug stores engaged in retailing prescription or nonprescription drugs and medicines.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing food supplement products, such as vitamins, nutrition supplements, and body enhancing supplements--are classified in U.S. Industry 446191, Food (Health) Supplement Stores; and

 Retailing prescription and nonprescription drugs via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale-- are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers.

44612 Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores See industry description for 446120 below.

446120 Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores

This industry comprises establishments known as cosm etic or perfume stores or beauty supply shops primarily engaged in retailing cosmetics, perfumes, toiletries, and personal grooming products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing beauty parlor services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812112, Beauty Salons; and

 Retailing perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers.

44613 Optical Goods Stores See industry description for 446130 below.446130 Optical Goods Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) retailing and fitting prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses; (2) retailing pres cription eyeglasses in combination with the grinding of lenses to order on the premises; an d (3) selling nonprescription eyeglasses.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Grinding lenses without retailing lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing;

 The private or group practice of op tometry, even though glasses and contact lenses are sold at these establishments--are classified in Industry 621320, Offices of Optometrists;

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses via mail-order--a re classified in U.S. Industry 454113, Mail-Order Houses; and

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses via the Internet-- are classified in U.S. In dustry 454111, Electronic Shopping.

44619 Other Health and Personal Care Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing health and personal care items (except drugs, medicines, optical goods, perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies).

Illustrative Examples:

Convalescent supply stores

Prosthetic stores Food (i.e., health) supplement stores Sick room supply stores Hearing aid stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing health and personal care items via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing orthopedic shoes--are classified in Industry 44821, Shoe Stores;

 Retailing orthopedic and prosthetic appliances that are made on premises--are classi fied in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing;

 Retailing prescription and nonprescription drugs and medicines--are classified in Industry 44611, Pharmacies and Drug Stores;

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses--are classi fied in Industry 44613, Optical Goods Stores;

 Retailing perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies--are classified in Industry 44612, Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores; and

 Retailing naturally organic foods, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and cereals and grains--are classified in Subsector 445, Food and Beverage Stores.

446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in retailing food supplement products, such as vitamins, nutrition supplements, and body enhancing supplements.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing food supplement products via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; Retailing prescription and nonprescription drugs and medicines--are classified in Industry 446110, Pharmacies and Drug Stores; and

 Retailing naturally organic foods, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and cereals and grains--are classified in Subsector 445, Food and Beverage Stores.

446199 All Other Health and Personal Care Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of health and personal care merchandise (except drugs, medici nes, optical goods, cosmetics, b eauty supplies, perfume, and food supplement products).

Illustrative Examples:

Convalescent supply stores

Prosthetic stores Hearing aid stores Sick room supply stores

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing specialized health and personal care merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or

direct sale--are classified in S ubsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing food supplement products--are classified in U.S. Industry 446191, Food (Health) Supplement
Stores;

 Retailing prescription or nonprescription drugs and medicines--are classified in Industry 446110, Pharmacies and Drug Stores;

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses--are classi fied in Industry 446130, Optical Goods Stores;

 Retailing perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies--are classified in Industry 446120, Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores;

 Retailing orthopedic shoes--are classified in Industry 448210, Shoe Stores; and

 Retailing orthopedic and prosthetic appliances that are made on premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing.

447 Gasoline Stations

Industries in the Gasoline Stations subsector retail auto motive fuels (e.g., gasoline, di esel fuel, gasohol, alternative fuels) and automotive oils or retail these products in combination with convenience store items. These establishments have specialized equipment for th e storage and dispensing of automotive fuels.

4471 Gasoline Stations

44711 Gasoline Stations wi th Convenience Stores See industry description for 447110 below.

447110 Gasoline Stations wi th Convenience Stores

This industry comprises establishments engaged in re tailing automotive fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, gasohol, gasoline)

in combination with convenience store or food mart items. These establishments can either be in a convenience store (i.e., food mart) setting or a gasoline station setting. These establishments may also provide automotive repair

services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing automotive fuels without a convenience store--are classified in Industry 447190, Other Gasoline Stations; and Retailing a limited line of goods, known as convenien ce stores or food marts (except those with fuel pumps)--are classified in Industry 445120, Convenience Stores.

44719 Other Gasoline Stations See industry description for 447190 below.

447190 Other Gasoline Stations

This industry comprises establishments known as gasoline stations (except those with convenience stores) primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) retailing au tomotive fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, gasohol, gasoline, alternative fuels) or (2) retailing these fuels in combinati on with activities, such as prov iding repair services; selling automotive oils, replacement parts, and acce ssories; and/or prov iding food services.

Illustrative Examples:

Gasoline stations without convenience stores Truck stops

Marine service stations

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Repairing motor vehicles without retailing automotive fuels--are classified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing automotive fuels in combination with a conveni ence store or food mart--are classified in Industry 447110, Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores.

448 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores

Industries in the Clothing and Cl othing Accessories Stores subsector retail new clothing and clothing accessories merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishmen ts in this subsector have similar display equipment and staff that is knowledgeable regarding fashion trends and the proper match of styles, colors, and combinations of clothing and accessories to the charact eristics and tastes of the customer.

4481 Clothing Stores

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new clothing.

44811 Men's Clothing Stores See industry description for 448110 below.

448110 Men's Clothing Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new men's and boys' clothing. These establishments may provide basic alteratio ns, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing men's and boys' clothing via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing custom men's clothing made on the premises--are classified in Industry Group 3152, Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Retailing new men's and boys' accessories--are classified in Industry 448150, Clot hing Accessories Stores;

 Retailing specialized new apparel, such as raincoat s, leather coats, fur ap parel, and swimwear--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores; Retailing new clothing for all genders and age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing
Stores;

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

44812 Women's Clothing Stores See industry description for 448120 below.

448120 Women's Clothing Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new women's, misses' and juniors' clothing, including maternity wear. These estab lishments may provide basic alterations, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing women's clothing via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing custom women's clothing made on premises--are classified in Industry Group 3152, Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

 Retailing new women's accessories--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores;

 Retailing new clothing for all genders and age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing
Stores;

 Retailing specialized new apparel, such as bridal go wns, raincoats, leather coats, fur apparel, and

swimwear--are classified in Indus try 448190, Other Clothing Stores;

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

44813 Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores See industry description for 448130 below.

448130 Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing a general line of new children's and infants' clothing. These establishments may provide basic alteratio ns, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing children's and infants' clothing via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new children's and infants' accessories--are classified in Indust ry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores;

 Retailing new clothing for all genders or age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing Stores;

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

44814 Family Clothing Stores See industry description for 448140 below.

448140 Family Clothing StoresThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new clothing for men, women, and children, without specializing in sales for an individual gender or age group. These establishments may provide basic alterations, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing clothing for all genders via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new men's and boys' clothing--are classified in Industry 448110, Men's Clothing Stores;

 Retailing new women's, misses', and juniors' clothing--are classified in Industry 448120, Women's Clothing
Stores;

 Retailing new children's and infants' clothing--are classified in Industry 448130, Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores;

 Retailing specialized new apparel, such as raincoats, bridal gowns, leather coats, fur apparel, and

swimwear--are classified in Indus try 448190, Other Clothing Stores;

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

44815 Clothing Acce ssories Stores See industry description for 448150 below.

448150 Clothing Acce ssories Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing single or combination lines of new clothing accessories, such as hats and caps, costume jewelry, gloves, handbags, ties, wigs, toupees, and belts.

Illustrative Examples:

Costume jewelry stores Wig and hairpiece stores

Neckwear stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing specialized lines of clothing via electroni c home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing precious jewelry and watches--are classified in Industry 448310, Jewelry Stores;

 Retailing used clothing accessories--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Retailing luggage, briefcases , trunks, or these products in combination with a general line of leather items (except leather apparel), known as luggage and leat her goods stores--are classified in Industry 448320, Luggage and Leather Goods Stores; and

 Retailing leather apparel--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores.

44819 Other Clothing Stores See industry description for 448190 below.

448190 Other Clothing Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of new clothing (except general lines of men's, women's, children's, infants', and family clothing). These establishments may provide basic alterations, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves.

Illustrative Examples:Bridal gown (except custom) shops

Leather coat stores Costume shops Lingerie stores Fur apparel stores

Swimwear stores Hosiery stores Uniform (except athletic) stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing specialized apparel via elect ronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing custom apparel and accessories made on the premises--are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing;

 Retailing new men's and boys' clothing--are classified in Industry 448110, Men's Clothing Stores;

 Retailing new women's, misses', and juniors' clothing, including maternity wear--are classified in Industry 448120, Women's Clothing Stores;

 Retailing new children's and infants' clothing--are classified in Industry 448130, Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores;

 Retailing new clothing for all genders or age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing
Stores;

 Retailing athletic uniforms--are classified in Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores;

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Retailing luggage, briefcases , trunks, or these products in combination with a general line of leather items (except leather apparel), known as luggage and leat her goods stores--are classified in Industry 448320, Luggage and Leather Goods Stores; and

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

4482 Shoe Stores

44821 Shoe Stores See industry description for 448210 below.

448210 Shoe Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing all types of new footwear (except hosiery and specialty sports footwear, such as golf shoes, bowling shoes, and spik ed shoes). Establishments primarily engaged in retailing new tennis shoes or sneakers are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing footwear via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing hosiery--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores;

 Retailing new specialty sports footwear (e.g., bowling shoes, golf shoes, spiked shoes)--are classified in Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores; and

 Retailing used footwear--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

4483 Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods StoresThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new jewelry (except costume jewelry); new sterling and plated silverware; new watches and clocks; and new luggage with or without a general line of new leather goods and accessories, such as hats, gloves, handbags, ties, and belts.

44831 Jewelry Stores See industry description for 448310 below.

448310 Jewelry Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in retailing one or more of the following items: (1) new jewelry (except costume jewelry); (2) new sterling and plated silverware; and (3) new watches and clocks. Also included are establishments retailing these new products in combination with lapidary work and/or repair services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new costume jewelry--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores;

 Retailing jewelry via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing antiques or used jewelry, silverware, and watches and clocks--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Providing jewelry or watch and clock repair withou t retailing new jewelry or watches and clocks--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and

 Cutting and setting gem stones--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing.

44832 Luggage and Leather Goods Stores See industry description for 448320 below.

448320 Luggage and Leather Goods Stores

This industry comprises establishments known as lugg age and leather goods stores primarily engaged in retailing new luggage, briefcases, and trunks, or retailing these new products in combination with a general line of leather items (except leather apparel), such as belts, gloves, and handbags.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing luggage and leather goods via electronic home sh opping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing used luggage and leather goods--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Retailing single or combination lines of new clothing a ccessories (e.g., gloves, handbags, or leather belts)-- are classified in Industry 448150 , Clothing Accessories Stores; and

 Retailing new leather coats--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores.

451 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musica l Instrument, and Book Stores

Industries in the Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Inst rument, and Book Stores subsector are engaged in retailing and providing expertise on the use of sporting equipment or other specific leisure activities, such as needlework and

musical instruments. Book stores ar e also included in this subsector.

4511 Sporting Goods, Hobby, an d Musical Instrument Stores

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in retailing new sporting goods, games and toys,

and musical instruments.

45111 Sporting Goods Stores See industry description for 451110 below.451110 Sporting Goods Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing new sporting goods, such as bicycles and bicycle parts; camping equipm ent; exercise and fitn ess equipment; athletic uniforms; specialty sports footwear; and sporting goods, equipment, and accessories.

Illustrative Examples:

Athletic uniform supply stores Fishing supply stores Bicycle (except motorized) shops Golf pro shops Bowling equipment and supply stores Saddlery stores Diving equipment stores Sporting goods (e.g., scuba, skiing, outdoor) stores Exercise equipment stores Sporting gun shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing sporting goods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new or used campers (pickup coaches) and camping trailers--are classified in Industry 441210, Recreational Vehicle Dealers;

 Retailing new or used snowmobiles, motorized bicycles , and motorized golf carts--are classified in U.S. Industry 441228, Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers;

 Retailing new shoes (except specialty sports footwear, such as golf shoes, bowling shoes, and spiked shoes)--are classified in Industry 448210, Shoe Stores;

 Repairing or servicing sporting goods, without reta iling new sporting goods--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing used sporting goods and used bicycles--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise

Stores.

45112 Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores See industry description for 451120 below.

451120 Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new toys, games, and hobby and craft supplies (except needlecraft).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing toys, games, and hobby and craft supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing artists' supplies or collectors' items, such as co ins, stamps, autographs, an d cards--are classified in U.S. Industry 453998, All Other Miscellaneou s Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores);

 Retailing new computer software (e.g., game software)--a re classified in U.S. In dustry 443142, Electronics Stores;

 Retailing used toys, games, and hobby supplies--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and

 Retailing new sewing supplies, fabrics, and needlewo rk accessories--are classified in Industry 451130, Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores.45113 Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores See industry description for 451130 below.

451130 Sewing, Needlework , and Piece Goods Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing new sewing supplies, fabrics, patterns, yarns, and other needlework accesso ries or retailing these products in combination with selling new sewing

machines.

Illustrative Examples:

Fabric shops Sewing supply stores Needlecraft sewing supply stores Upholstery materials stores

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing sewing supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new sewing machines only and in combination with retailing other new appliances--are classified in U.S. Industry 443141, Household Appliance Stores; and

 Retailing used sewing, needlework, and piece goods--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise

Stores.

45114 Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores See industry description for 451140 below.

451140 Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing new musical instruments, sheet music, and related supplies; or retailing these new products in combin ation with musical instrument repair, rental, or music

instruction.

Illustrative Examples :

Musical instrument stores

Sheet music stores

Piano stores

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing musical instruments, sheet music, and relate d supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order,

or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing new musical recordings--a re classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and

 Retailing used musical instruments (including used rare musical instruments), sheet music, and related supplies--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

4512 Book Stores and News Dealers

45121 Book Stores and News Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing new books, newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals.Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Home delivery of newspapers--are classified in Industry 45439, Other Direct Selling Establishments; and

 Retailing used books, newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals--are classified in Industry 45331, Used

Merchandise Stores.

451211 Book Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishm ents primarily engaged in retailing new books.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing books via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; and

 Retailing used books (including used rare books)--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise

Stores.

451212 News Dealers and Newsstands

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in retailing current newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Home delivery of newspapers--are cl assified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments;

 Retailing newspapers and periodicals by mail-order--are classified in U.S. Industry 454113, Mail-Order Houses; and

 Retailing used newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals--are classified in Industry 453310, Used

Merchandise Stores.

452 General Merchandise Stores

Industries in the General Merchandise Stores subsect or retail new general merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector are unique in that they have the equipment and staff capable of retailing a large variety of goods from a single location. This includes a variety of display equipment and staff trained to provide information on many lines of products.

4521 Department Stores

45211 Departme nt Stores

This industry comprises establishments known as department stores primarily engaged in retailing a wide range of the following new products with no one merchandise line predominating: apparel, furniture, appliances and home furnishings; and selected additional items, such as paint, hardware, toiletries, cosmetics, photographic equipment, jewelry, toys, and sporting goods. Merchandise lines are normally arranged in separate departments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing packaged grocery items in combination with general lines of merchandise with no one merchandise line predominating--are classified in Industry 45291, Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters;

 Retailing apparel without a significant amount of house wares or general merchandise--are classified in Subsector 448, Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores; Retailing general lines of merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; and

 Retailing used merchandise--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise Stores.

452111 Department Sto res (except Discount Department Stores)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as department stores that have separate departments for various merchandise lines, such as apparel, jewelry, home furnishings, and linens, each with separate cash registers and sales associates. Department stores in this industry generally do not have central customer checkout and cash register facilities.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing apparel without a significant amount of house wares or general merchandise--are classified in Subsector 448, Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores;

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in department stores with central customer checkout and cash register facilities--are classified in U.S. I ndustry 452112, Discount Department Stores; and

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in comb ination with a general line of perishable groceries, such as fresh meat, vegetable, and dairy products--are classified in Industry 452910, Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters.

452112 Discount Department Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as department stores that ha ve central customer checkout areas, generally in the front of the store, and that ma y have additional cash registers located in one or more individual departments. Department stores in this industry sell a wide range of general merchandise (except fresh, perishable foods).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing apparel without a significant amount of house wares or general merchandise--are classified in Subsector 448, Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores;

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in department stores with separate cash registers and sales associates for each department--are classified in U.S. Industry 452111, Department Stores (except Discount Department Stores); and

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in comb ination with a general line of perishable groceries, such as fresh meat, vegetable, and dairy products--are classified in Industry 452910, Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters.

4529 Other General M erchandise Stores

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new goods in general merchandise stores (except department stores).

45291 Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters See industry description for 452910 below.

452910 Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters

This industry comprises establishments known as warehouse clubs, superstores or supercenters primarily engaged in retailing a general line of groceries in combination with general lines of new merchandise, such as apparel, furniture, and appliances.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Retailing general lines of merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing a general line of food, generally known as supermarkets and grocery stores--are classified in Industry 445110, Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores;

 Retailing general lines of new merchandise with little groc ery item sales--are classified in Industry 452990, All Other General Merchandise Stores;

 Retailing new merchandise in discount department stores--are classified in U.S. Industry 452112, Discount Department Stores;

 Retailing new merchandise in department stores other than discount department stores--are classified in U.S. Industry 452111, Department Stores (except Discount Department Stores); and

 Retailing used merchandise--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

45299 All Other General Merchandise Stores See industry description for 452990 below.

452990 All Other General Merchandise Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new goods in general merchandise stores (except department stores, discount department stores, wa rehouse clubs, superstores, and supercenters). These establishments retail a general line of new merchandise, su ch as apparel, automotive parts, dry goods, hardware, groceries, housewares or home furnishings, and other lines in limited amounts, with none of the lines predominating.

Illustrative Examples:

Dollar stores

General stores General merchandise catalog show rooms (except catalog mail-order) General merchandise trading posts Home and auto supply stores Variety stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing general lines of merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing automotive parts--are classified in Indust ry 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores;

 Retailing merchandise in department stores--are classified in Industry 45211, Department Stores;

 Retailing merchandise in warehouse clubs, superstores, or supercenters--are classified in Industry 452910, Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters;

 Retailing merchandise in catalog showrooms of mail-order houses--are classified in U.S. Industry 454113, Mail-Order Houses;

 Retailing a general line of new hardware items, known as hardware stores--are classified in Industry 444130, Hardware Stores;

 Retailing a general line of new home repair and improvement materials and supplies, known as home

centers--are classified in Indust ry 444110, Home Centers; and

 Retailing used merchandise--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

453 Miscellaneous Store Retailers

Industries in the Miscellaneous Store Retailers subsector retail merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations (except new or used motor vehicles and parts; new furniture and home furnishings; new appliances and electronic products; new building materials and garden equipment and supplies; food and beverages; health and personal care goods; gasoline; new clothing and accessories; and ne w sporting goods, hobby g oods, books, and music). Establishments in this subsector include stores with uniq ue characteristics like florists, used merchandise stores, and pet and pet supply stores as well as other store retailers.4531 Florists

45311 Florists See industry description for 453110 below.

453110 Florists

This industry comprises establishments known as fl orists primarily engaged in retailing cut flowers, floral arrangements, and potted plants purchased from others. Th ese establishments usually prepare the arrangements they

sell.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing flowers or nursery stock grown on premises--are classified in Industry 11142, Nursery and Floriculture Production;

 Retailing trees, shrubs, plants, seeds, bulbs, and sod grown elsewhere--are classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores; and

 Retailing flowers via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454,

Nonstore Retailers.

4532 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores

45321 Office Supplies and Stationery Stores See industry description for 453210 below.

453210 Office Supplies and Stationery Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) retailing new stationery, school supplies, and office supplies; (2) retailin g a combination of new office equipment, furniture, and supplies; and (3) retailing new office equipment, furniture, and supplies in combination with selling new computers.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing stationery, school supplies, and office supplies via electronic shopping, mail-order, or direct sale-- are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing greeting cards--are classified in Industry 453220, Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores;

 Retailing new typewriters--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores;

 Retailing new computers without retailing other consumer-type electronic products or office equipment, furniture, and supplies--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores;

 Printing business forms--are classifi ed in Industry 32311, Printing;

 Retailing new office furniture--are classified in Industry 442110, Furniture Stores; and

 Retailing used office supplies--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

45322 Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores See industry description for 453220 below.

453220 Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing new gifts, novelty merchandise, souvenirs, greeting cards, seasonal and holiday decorations, and curios.

Illustrative Examples: Balloon shops Greeting card shopsChristmas stores Novelty shops Curio shops Souvenir shops Gift shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing gifts and novelties via electronic home shopping , mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing stationery--are classified in Industry 453210, Office Supplies and Stationery Stores; and

 Retailing used curios and novelties--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores.

4533 Used Merchandise Stores

45331 Used Merchandise Stores See industry description for 453310 below.

453310 Used Merchandise Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing used merchandise, antiques, and secondhand goods (except motor vehicles, such as automobiles, RVs, motorcycles, and boats; motor vehicle parts; tires; and mobile homes).

Illustrative Examples:

Antique shops Used household-type appliance stores

Used book stores Used merchandise thrift shops Used clothing stores Used sporting goods stores

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing used merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Operating pawnshops--are classified in U.S. Industry 522298, All Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation;

 Retailing used automobiles--are classified in Industry 441120, Used Car Dealers;

 Retailing used automobile parts (except tires and tubes)--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores;

 Retailing used tires--are classified in Industry 441320, Tire Dealers;

 Retailing used mobile homes--are classified in Indu stry 453930, Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers;

 Retailing used recreational vehicles--are classified in Industry 441210, Recreational Vehicle Dealers;

 Retailing used boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 441222, Boat Dealers;

 Retailing used motorcycles, aircraft, snowmobiles, an d utility trailers--are classified in U.S. Industry 441228, Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; and

 Retailing a general line of used merchandise on an aucti on basis (except electronic auctions)--are classified in U.S. Industry 453998, All Other Miscellane ous Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores).

4539 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new miscellaneous specialty store merchandise (except motor vehicle and parts dealers; furniture and home furnishings stores; consumer-typeelectronics and appliance stores; buildin g material and garden equipment and supplies dealers; food and beverage stores; health and personal care stores; gasoline stations ; clothing and clothing accessori es stores; sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores; general merchandise stores; florists; office supplies, stationery, and gift stores; and used merchandise stores).

45391 Pet and Pet Supplies Stores See industry description for 453910 below.

453910 Pet and Pet Supplies Stores

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing pets, pet foods, and pet supplies.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing pets, pet foods, and pet supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Providing pet grooming and boarding services--are classified in Industry 812910, Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services; and

 Providing veterinary services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services.

45392 Art Dealers See industry description for 453920 below.

453920 Art Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing original and limited edition art works. Included in this industry are establishments primarily enga ged in displaying works of art for retail sale in art galleries.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing original and limited edition art works via electr onic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing art reproductions (except limited editions)--are classified in U.S. Industry 442299, All Other Home Furnishings Stores;

 Retailing artists' supplies--are classified in U.S. I ndustry 453998, All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores); and

 Displaying works of art not for retail sale in art ga lleries--are classified in Industry 712110, Museums.

45393 Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers See industry description for 453930 below.

453930 Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing new and/or used manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes), parts, and equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new or used motor homes, campers, and travel trailers--are classified in Industry 441210, Recreational Vehicle Dealers; and

 Retailing prefabricated buildings and kits without construction--are classified in Industry 444190, Other Building Material Dealers.

45399 All Other Miscella neous Store RetailersThis industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing specialized lines of merchandise (except motor vehicle and parts dealers; furniture and home furnis hings stores; electronics and appliance stores; building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers; food and beverage stores; health and personal care stores; gasoline stations; clothing and clothi ng accessories stores; spor ting goods, hobby, book, and music stores; general merchandise stores; florists; office supplies, stationery and gift stores; used merchandise stores; pet and pet supplies stores; art dealers; and manufactured hom e (i.e., mobile home) dealers). This industry also includes establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new and used merchandise on an auction basis (except electronic auctions).

Illustrative Examples:

Art supply stores Swimming pool supply stores, new Cemetery memorial (e.g., marker s, headstones, vaults) dealers

Tobacco stores Cigar stores

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail- order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Auctioning on the location of others as independent auctioneers--are classified in Industry 56199, All Other Support Services;

 Retailing pets and pet supplies--are classified in Industry 45391, Pet and Pet Supplies Stores;

 Retailing original and limited edition art works--are classified in Industry 45392, Art Dealers;

 Retailing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--a re classified in Industry 45393, Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers;

 Retailing new books--are classified in Indus try 45121, Book Stores and News Dealers;

 Retailing new jewelry (except costume jewelry)--are classified in Industry 44831, Jewelry Stores;

 Retailing new costume jewelry--are classified in Industry 44815, Clothing Accessories Stores;

 Operating pawnshops--are classified in Industry 52229, Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation; and

 Retailing used merchandise (except automobiles, RVs, mobile homes, motorcycles, boats, motor vehicle parts, tires, aircraft, snowmobiles, and utility trailers )--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise

Stores.

453991 Tobacco Stores

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, pipes, and other smokers' supplies.

Illustrative Examples:

Cigar stores Smokers' supply stores Cigarette stands (i.e., permanent)

Tobacco stores

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in retailing tobacco products and supplies via el ectronic home shopping, mailorder, or direct sale are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers.

453998 All Other Miscella neous Store Retailers (e xcept Tobacco Stores)This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in retailing specialized lines of merchandise (except motor vehicle and parts dealers; furniture and home furnishings stores; electronics and appliance stores; building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers; food and bevera ge stores; health and personal care stores; gasoline stations; clothing an d clothing accessories stores; sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores; general merchandise stores; florists; office supplies, stationery and gift stores; used merchandise stores; pet and pet supplies stores; art dealers; ma nufactured home (i.e., mobile ho me) dealers; and tobacco stor es). This industry also includes establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new and used merchandise on an auction basis (except electronic auctions).

Illustrative Examples:

Art supply stores

General merchandise auction houses Candle shops Home security equipment stores Cemetery memorial (e.g., headst ones, markers, vaults) dealers

Hot tub stores Collectors' items (e.g., autograph, coin, card, stamp) shops Swimming pool supply stores Fireworks shops (per manent location) Trophy (e.g., awards and plaques) shops Flower shops, artificial or dried

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing specialized lines of merchandise via electro nic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers;

 Retailing merchandise via electronic auctions--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 454112, Electronic Auctions;

 Auctioning (i.e., on the location of others as indepe ndent auctioneers)--are cla ssified in Industry 561990, All Other Support Services;

 Retailing pets and pet supplies--are classified in Industry 453910, Pet and Pet Supplies Stores;

 Retailing original and limited edition art works--are classified in Industry 453920, Art Dealers;

 Retailing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--a re classified in Industry 453930, Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers;

 Retailing cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, pipes, and other smokers' supplies--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 453991, Tobacco Stores;

 Retailing antiques--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores;

 Retailing new books--are classified in U.S. Industry 451211, Book Stores;

 Retailing new jewelry (except costume jewelry)--are cl assified in Industry 448310, Jewelry Stores; and

 Retailing new costume jewelry--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores.

454 Nonstore Retailers

Industries in the Nonstore Retailers subsector reta il merchandise using methods, such as the broadcasting of infomercials, the broadcasting and publishing of direct-response advertising, the publishing of paper and electronic catalogs, door-to-door solicitation, in-home demonstration, selling from portable stalls and distribution through vending machines. Establishments in this subsector include mail-order houses, vending machine operators, home delivery sales, door-to-door sales, party plan sales, electronic shopping, and sales through portable stalls (e.g., street vendors, except food). Establishments engaged in the direct sale (i.e., nonstore) of products, such as home heating oil dealers and newspaper delivery service providers are included in this subsector.

4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses

45411 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order HousesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing all types of merchandise using nonstore means, such as catalogs, toll free telephon e numbers, or electronic media, such as interactive television or computer. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing from catalog showrooms of mail-order

houses.

Illustrative Examples:

Catalog (i.e., order-taking) offices of mail-order houses Internet auction sites, retail Collectors' items, mail-order houses Mail-order book clubs (not publishing) Computer software, mail-order houses

Mail-order houses Home shopping television orders

Web retailers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Store retailing or a combination of store retailing and nonstore retailing in the same establishment--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classification of the store portion of the activity;

 Facilitating business to business electronic sales of new and used merchandise on an auction basis using the

Internet--are classified in I ndustry 42511, Business to Business Electronic Markets;

 Providing telemarketing (e.g., telephone marketing) serv ices for others--are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call Centers;

 Providing Internet publishing of classified ads--are classified in Industry 51913, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and

 Hosting Internet retail sites without performing as sociated activities such as payment processing or fulfillment--are classified in Industry 51821, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services.

454111 Electroni c Shopping

This U.S. industry comprises establishments engage d in retailing all types of merchandise using the Internet.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Store retailing or a combination of store retailing and Internet retailing in the same establishment--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classification of the store portion of the activity;

 Retailing all types of merchandise using catalogs or tele vision to generate clients and display merchandise-- are classified in U.S. Industry 454113, Mail-Order Houses; and

 Providing sites for and facilitating co nsumer-to-consumer or business-to- consumer trade in new and used goods, on an auction basis, using the Internet--are classified in U.S. Industry 454112, Electronic Auctions.

454112 Electroni c Auctions

This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in providing sites for and facilitating consumer-to-consumer or business-to-consumer trade in new and used goods, on an auction basis, using the Internet. Establishments in this industry provide the electronic location for retail auctions, but do not take title to the goods being sold.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing a general line of new and used merchandise on an auction basis from physical auction sites--are classified in U.S. Industry 453998, All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores);

 Facilitating business to business sales of new and used merchandise on an auction basis using the Internet-- are classified in Industry 425110, Busi ness to Business Electronic Markets; A combination of Internet auction and auction house sales in the same establishment--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classification of the auction house portion of the activity;

 Providing Internet publishing of classified ads--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and

 Hosting Internet retail sites without performing as sociated activities such as payment processing or fulfillment--are classified in Industry 518210, Da ta Processing, Hosting, and Related Services.

454113 Mail-Order Houses

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in retailing all types of merchandise using mail catalogs or television to generate clients and display merchandise. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing from catalog showrooms of ma il-order houses as well as establishments providing a

combination of Internet and mail-order sales.

Illustrative Examples :

Catalog (i.e., order-taking) offices of mail-order houses Home shopping television orders Collectors' items, mail-order houses Mail-order book clubs (not publishing) Computer software, mail-order houses

Mail-order houses

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing telemarketing (e.g., telephone marketing) se rvices for others--are classified in U.S. Industry 561422, Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers; and

 Retailing merchandise using store and nonstore methods at the same establishment--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classifi cation of the store portion of the activity.

4542 Vending Machine Operators

45421 Vending Machine Operators See industry description for 454210 below.

454210 Vending Machine Operators

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing merchandise through vending machines that they service.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling insurance policies through vending machines--are classified in Subsector 524, Insurance Carriers and Related Activities;

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated photobooths, restrooms, and lockers--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services; and

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated amusement and gambling devices in places of business operated by others--are classified in Subsector 713, Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries.

4543 Direct Selling Establishments

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in nonstore retailing (except electronic, mailorder, or vending machine sales). Th ese establishments typically go to the customers' location rather than the customer coming to them (e.g., door-to- door sales, home parties). Examples of establishments in this industry are home delivery newspaper routes; home delivery of heating oil, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, and other fuels; lockermeat provisioners; frozen fo od and freezer meal plan prov iders; coffee-break service pr oviders; and bottled water or

water softener services.

45431 Fuel Dealers See industry description for 454310 below.

454310 Fuel Dealers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in retailing heating oil, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, and other fuels via direct selling.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing oil burner repair servi ces--are classified in U.S. Industr y 811411, Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance; and

 Installing oil burners--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Contractors.

45439 Other Direct Selling Establishments See industry description for 454390 below.

454390 Other Direct Sellin g Establishments

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in retailing merchandise (except food for immediate consumption and fuel) via direct sale to the customer by means, such as in-house sales (i.e., party plan merchandising), truck or wagon sales, and portable stalls (i.e., street vendors).

Illustrative Examples:

Direct selling bottled water providers Direct selling home delivery newspaper routes Direct selling coffee-break service providers Direct selling locker meat provisioners Direct selling frozen food an d freezer meal plan providers Direct selling party plan merchandisers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing and selling meals and snacks for immediate consumption from motorized vehicles or nonmotorized carts, catering a route- -are classified in Industry 722330, Mobile Food Services; and

 Retailing heating oil, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, and other fuels via direct sale--are classified in Industry 454310, Fuel Dealers.

## Sector 48-49--Transportation and Warehousing T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Transportation and Warehousing sector includes industries providing transportation of passengers and cargo, warehousing and storage for goods, scenic and sightseeing transportation, and support activities related to modes of transportation. Establishments in thes e industries use transportation equipmen t or transportation related facilities as a productive asset. The type of equipment depends on the mode of transportation. The modes of transportation are air, rail, water, road, and pipeline. The Transportation and Warehousing sector distinguishes three basic types of activities: subsectors for each mode of transportation, a subsector for warehousing and storage, and a subsector for establishments providing support activities for transportation. In addition, there are subsectors for establishments that provide passenger transportation for scenic and sightseeing pur poses, postal services, and courier services. A separate subsector for support activities is establis hed in the sector because, first, support activities for transportation are inherently multimodal, such as freight transportation arrangement, or have multimodal aspects. Secondly, there are production process simi larities among the support activity industries. One of the support activities identified in the support ac tivity subsector is the routine repair and maintenance of transportation equipment (e.g., aircraft at an airport, railroa d rolling stock at a railroad terminal, or ships at a harbor or port facility). Such establishments do not perf orm complete overhauling or rebuilding of transportation equipment (i.e., periodic restoration of transportation equipment to original design specifications) or transportation equipment conversion (i.e., major modification to systems). An establishment that prim arily performs factory (or shipyard) overhauls, rebuilding, or conversions of aircraft, railroad rolling stock, or a ship is classified in Subsector 336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturin g according to the type of equipment. Many of the establishments in this sector often op erate on networks, with physical facilities, labor forces, and equipment spread over an extensive geographic area. Warehousing establishments in this sector are distin guished from merchant wholesaling in that the warehouse establishments do not sell the goods. Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in providing travel agent services that support transportation and other establishments, such as hotels, bu sinesses, and government agencies. These establishments are classified in Sector 56, Admini strative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Also, establishments primarily engaged in providing rental an d leasing of transportation eq uipment without operator are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services.

481 Air Transportation T

Industries in the Air Transportation subsector provide ai r transportation of passengers and/or cargo using aircraft, such as airplanes and helicopters. The subsector distinguishes scheduled from nonscheduled air transportation. Scheduled air carriers fly regular routes on regular schedule s and operate even if flight s are only partially loaded. Nonscheduled carriers often operate during nonpeak time sl ots at busy airports. These establishments have more flexibility with respect to choice of airpor t, hours of operation, lo ad factors, and similar op erational characteristics. Nonscheduled carriers provide chartered air transportatio n of passengers, cargo, or specialty flying services. Specialty flying services establishments use general-pur pose aircraft to provide a va riety of specialized flying

services. Scenic and sightseeing air transporta tion and air courier services are not incl uded in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation and in Subsector 492, Couriers and Messengers. Although these activities may use aircraft, they are different from th e activities included in air transportation. Air sightseeing does not usually involve place-to-place tr ansportation; the passenger's flight (e.g., balloon ride, aerial sightseeing) typically starts and ends at the same location. Courier se rvices (individual package or cargo delivery) include more than air transportation; road transportation is usually required to deliver the cargo to the intended recipient.

4811 Scheduled Air Transportation T

48111 Scheduled Air Transportation TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of passengers and/or cargo over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establis hments in this industry operate flights even if partially loaded. Establishments primarily engaged in providing sc heduled air transportation of mail on a contract basis are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Air commuter carriers, scheduled Scheduled air passenger carriers Scheduled air cargo carriers (except air couriers) Scheduled helicopter passenger carriers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Indu stry 49211, Couriers and Express Delivery Services;

 Providing air transportation of passengers, cargo, or specialty flying services w ith no regular routes and regular schedules--are classified in Industry 48121, Nonscheduled Air Transportation; and

 Providing helicopter rides for scenic and sightseeing transportation--are classified in Industry 48799, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other.

481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and freight over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments in this industry operate flights even if partially loaded. Scheduled air passenger carrier s including commuter and helicopter carriers (except scenic and sightseeing) are includ ed in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481211, Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation;

 Providing helicopter rides for scenic and sightseeing transportation--are classified in Industry 487990, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other; and

 Providing air transportation of cargo (without transporting passengers) over regular routes and on regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481112, Scheduled Freight Air Transportation.

481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing air transportation of cargo without transporting passengers over regular routes and on regular sche dules. Establishments in this industry operate flights even if partially loaded. Establishments primarily engaged in providing scheduled air transportation of mail on a contract basis are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Indu stry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services;

 Providing air transportation of cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation; and

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passenge rs and cargo over regular routes and on regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481111, Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation.

4812 Nonscheduled Air Transportation T

48121 Nonscheduled Air Transportation TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) providing air transportation of passengers and/or cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules or (2) providing specialty flying services with no regular routes and regular schedules using general purpose aircraft. Thes e establishments have more flexibility with respect to choice of airports, hours of operation, load fa ctors, and similar operational characteristics.

Illustrative Examples:

Air taxi services Nonscheduled air freight transportation services

Aircraft charter services Nonscheduled air passenger transportation services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Crop dusting using specialized aircraft--are classified in Industry 11511, Support Activities for Crop Production;

 Fighting forest fires using specialized water bombers--a re classified in Industry 11531, Support Activities for Forestry;

 Providing air transportation of passengers and/or cargo over regular routes and on regular schedules--are classified in Industry 48111, Scheduled Air Transportation;

 Providing specialized air sightseeing services--are cl assified in Industry 48799, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other;

 Aerial gathering of geophysical data--are classified in Industry 54136, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Providing aerial and/or other surveying and mapping services--are classified in Industry 54137, Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services;

 Providing air ambulance services using specialized equipment--are classifi ed in Industry 62191, Ambulance Services;

 Operating specialized flying schools, including all traini ng for commercial pilots--are classified in Industry 61151, Technical and Trade Schools;

 Operating recreation aviation clubs--a re classified in Industry 71399, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Operating advocacy aviation clubs--are classified in Industry 81331, So cial Advocacy Organizations; and

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Indu stry 49211, Couriers and Express Delivery Services.

481211 Nonscheduled Ch artered Passenger Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing specialty air transportation or flying services with no regular routes and regular schedules using general purpose aircraft--are classified in U.S. Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation;

 Providing specialized air sightseeing services--are classified in Industry 487990, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other;

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passenge rs and cargo over regular routes and on regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481111, Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; and

 Providing air transportation of cargo (without tran sporting passengers) with no regular routes and schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation.

481212 Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing air transportation of cargo without transporting passengers with no regular routes and regular schedules.Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing specialty air transportation or flying services with no regular routes and regular schedules using general purpose aircraft--are classified in U.S. Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation;

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Indu stry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services;

 Providing air transportation of cargo without transporting passengers over regular routes and on regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481112, Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; and

 Providing air transportation of cargo and passengers with no regular routes and schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481211, Nonscheduled Ch artered Passenger Ai r Transportation.

481219 Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing air transportation with no regular routes and regular schedules (except nonscheduled chartered passenger and/or cargo air transportation). These establishments provide a variety of specialty air transportation or flying services based on individual customer needs using general purpose aircraft.

Illustrative Examples:

Aircraft charter services (i.e., genera l purpose aircraft used for a variety of specialty air and flying services) Aviation clubs providing a variety of air transportation activities to the general public

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481211, Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation;

 Providing air transportation of cargo without transpor ting passengers with no regular routes and regular schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation;

 Crop dusting using specialized aircraft--are classified in U.S. Industry 115112, Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating;

 Fighting forest fires using specialized water bombers--are classified in Industry 115310, Support Activities for Forestry;

 Providing specialized air sightseeing services--are classified in Industry 487990, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other;

 Operating specialized flying schools, including all trai ning for commercial pilots--are classified in U.S. Industry 611512, Flight Training;

 Providing specialized air ambulance services using sp ecialized equipment--are classified in Industry 621910, Ambulance Services;

 Operating recreation aviation clubs--are classifi ed in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Operating advocacy aviation clubs--a re classified in U.S. Indust ry 813319, Other Social Advocacy Organizations;

 Aerial gathering of geophysical data for surveying and mapping--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; and

 Providing aerial and/or other surveying and mapping services--are classified in Industry 541370, Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services.

482 Rail Transportation T

Industries in the Rail Transportation subsector provide rail transportation of passengers and/or cargo using railroad rolling stock. The railroads in this subsector primarily either operate on networks, with physical facilities, labor force, and equipment spread over an extensive geographic area, or operate over a short distance on a local rail line. Scenic and sightseeing rail transportation and street railroads, commuter rail, and rapid transit are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, and Subsector 485, Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, respectively. Alt hough these activities use railroad rolling stock, they are

different from the activities included in rail transportation. Sightseeing and sc enic railroads do not usually involveplace-to-place transportation; th e passenger's trip typically starts and ends at the same location. Commuter railroads operate in a manner more consistent with local and urban tr ansit and are often part of integrated transit systems.

4821 Rail Transportation T

48211 Rail Transportation T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in operating railroads (excep t street railroads, commuter rail, urban rapid transit, and scenic an d sightseeing trains). Line-haul railroa ds and short-line railroads are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating street railroads, commuter rail, and urban rapi d transit systems--are cla ssified in Industry Group 4851, Urban Transit Systems;

 Operating scenic and sightseeing trains--are cla ssified in Industry 48711, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land; and

 Operating switching and terminal facilities as separate establishments--are classified in Industry 48821, Support Activities for Rail Transportation.

482111 Line-Haul Railroads

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as line-haul railroads primarily engaged in operating railroads for the transport of passengers and/or cargo over a long distance within a rail network. These establishments provide for the intercity movement of trains between the te rminals and stations on main and branch lines of a linehaul rail network (except for local switching services).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating switching and terminal facilities as separate establishments--are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for Rail Transportation;

 Operating railroads over a short distance on local rail lin es--are classified in U.S. Industry 482112, Short Line Railroads; and

 Operating commuter rail systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485112, Commuter Rail Systems.

482112 Short Line Railroads

This U.S. industry comprises establishments know n as short-line railroads primarily engaged in operating railroads for the transport of cargo over a short dist ance on local rail lines not part of a rail network.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating street railroads, commuter rail, and urban rapi d transit systems--are cla ssified in Industry Group 4851, Urban Transit Systems;

 Operating scenic and sightseeing trains--are cla ssified in Industry 487110, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land;

 Operating switching and terminal facilities as separate establishments--are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for Rail Transportation; and

 Operating railroads for the transport of passengers and/or cargo over a long distance--are classified in U.S. Industry 482111, Line-Haul Railroads.

483 Water Transportation T

Industries in the Water Transportation subsector provide water transportation of passengers and cargo using watercraft, such as ships, barges, and boats.The subsector is composed of two industry groups: (1) one for deep sea, coastal, and Great Lakes; and (2) one for inland water transportation. This split typica lly reflects the difference in equipment used. Scenic and sightseeing water transportation services are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation. Although these activities use watercraft, they are different

from the activities included in water tr ansportation. Water sightseeing do es not usually involve place-to-place transportation; the passenger's trip st arts and ends at the same location.

4831 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation T

48311 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing deep sea, co astal, Great Lakes, and St. Lawrence Seaway water transportation. Marine transportation establishments using the facilities of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission ar e considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing inland water transportation on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System)--are classified in Industry 48321, Inland Water Transportation;

 Providing scenic and sightseeing wate r transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 48721, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water; and

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises, river boat gambling casinos)--are classified in Industry 71321, Casinos (except Casino Hotels).

483111 Deep Sea Freight Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of cargo to or from foreign ports.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of cargo to and from domestic ports are classified in U.S. Industry 483113, Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation.

483112 Deep Sea Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing deep sea transportation of passengers to or from foreign ports.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing deep sea transportation of passengers to and from domestic ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 483114, Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation; and

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises)--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels).

483113 Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing water transportation of cargo in coastal waters, on the Great Lakes System, or deep seas between ports of the United States, Puerto Rico, and United States island possessions or protectorates. Marine tran sportation establishments using the facilities of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission are considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System. Establishments primarily engaged in providing coastal and/or Great Lakes barge transportation services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Providing deep sea transportation of cargo to or from foreign ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 483111, Deep Sea Freight Transportation; and

 Providing inland water transportation of cargo on lake s, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System)--are classified in U.S. Indust ry 483211, Inland Water Freight Transportation.

483114 Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing water transportation of passengers in coastal waters, the Great Lakes System, or deep seas be tween ports of the United States, Puerto Rico, and United States island possessions and protectorates. Marine tran sportation establishments using the facilities of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission ar e considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing inland water transportation of passengers on lakes, rivers or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System)--are classified in U.S. Indu stry 483212, Inland Water Passenger Transportation;

 Providing scenic and sightseeing wate r transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 487210, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water; and

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises)--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels).

4832 Inland Water Transportation T

48321 Inland Water Transportation T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing inland water transportation of passengers and/or cargo on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing water transportation in deep sea, coastal, or on the Great Lake s System--are classified in Industry Group 4831, Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation;

 Providing scenic and sightseeing wate r transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 48721, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water; and

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises, river boat gambling casinos)--are classified in Industry 71321, Casinos (except Casino Hotels).

483211 Inland Water Freight Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing inland water transportation of cargo on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing deep sea transportation of cargo to and from foreign ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 483111, Deep Sea Freight Transportation; and

 Providing water transportation of cargo in coastal waters or on the Great Lakes System--are classified in U.S. Industry 483113, Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation.

483212 Inland Water Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing inland water transportation of passengers on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Providing deep sea transportation of passengers to and from foreign ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 483112, Deep Sea Passenger Transportation;

 Operating cruise ships or ferries in coastal waters or on the Great Lakes System --are classified in U.S. Industry 483114, Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation; and

 Providing scenic and sightseeing wate r transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 487210, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water.

484 Truck Transportation T

Industries in the Truck Transportation subsector provide over-the-road transportation of cargo using motor vehicles, such as trucks and tractor trailers. The subsector is subdivided into general freight trucking and specialized freight trucking. This distinction reflects differences in equipment used, type of load carried, scheduling, terminal, and other networking services. General freight transportation establishments handle a wide variety of general commodities, generally palletized, and transported in a containe r or van trailer. Specialized freight transportation is the transportation of cargo that, because of size, weight, sh ape, or other inherent characteristics require specialized equipment for transportation. Each of these industry groups is further subdivided based on distance traveled. Local trucking establishments primarily carry goods within a single metropolitan area an d its adjacent nonurban areas. Long distance trucking establishments carry goods between metropolitan areas. The Specialized Freight Trucking industry group includes a separate industry for Used Household and Office Goods Moving. The household and office goods movers are separated because of the substantial network of establishments that has developed to deal with local and long-distance moving and the associated storage. In this area, the same establishment provides both local and long-distance servi ces, while other specialized freight establishments generally limit their services to either local or long-distance hauling.

4841 General Freight Trucking T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing general freight trucking. General freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized, and transported in a container or van trailer. The establishments of this industry group provide a combination of the following network activities: local pickup, local sorting and terminal operations, line-haul, destination sorting and terminal operations, and local delivery.

48411 General Freight Trucking, Local T
See industry description for 484110 below.

484110 General Freight Trucking, Local

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local general freight trucking. General freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized and transported in a container or van trailer. Local general freight trucking establishmen ts usually provide trucking within a metropolitan area which may cross state lines. Generally the trips are sa me-day return.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classi fied in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for Road Transportation; and

 Providing general freight long-distance trucking incl uding all North American international travel--are classified in Industry 48412, General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance.

48412 General Freight Tr ucking, Long-Distance T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance general freight trucking. General freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized and transported in a container or van trailer. Long-distance general freight trucking establishments usually provide trucking betweenmetropolitan areas which may cross North American country borders. Included in this industry are establishments operating as truckload (TL) or less than truckload (LTL) carriers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing courier services--are cla ssified in Industry 49211, Couriers and Express Delivery Services;

 Providing warehousing services of general freight--are classified in Industry 49311, General Warehousing and Storage;

 Providing specialized freight trucking--are classified in Industry Group 4842, Specialized Freight Trucking;

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classi fied in Industry 48849, Other Support Activities for Road Transportation; and

 Providing local general freight trucking services--are classified in Industry 48411, General Freight Trucking, Local.

484121 General Freight Trucking , Long-Distance, Truckload

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in providing long-distance general freight truckload (TL) trucking. These long-distance general freight truckload carrier establishments provide full truck movement of freight from origin to destination. The shipment of freight on a truck is characterized as a full single load not combined with other shipments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing general freight long-distance, less than truckload trucking--are classified in U.S. Industry 484122, General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Less Than Truckload;

 Providing specialized freight trucking--are classified in Industry Group 4842, Specialized Freight Trucking;

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classi fied in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for Road Transportation; and

 Providing local general freight trucking services--are classified in Industry 484110, General Freight Trucking, Local.

484122 General Freight Trucking, Long -Distance, Less Than Truckload

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing long-distance, general freight, less than truckload (LTL) trucking. LTL carriage is characteriz ed as multiple shipments combined onto a single truck for multiple deliveries within a network. These establishm ents are generally characterized by the following network activities: local pickup, local sorting and terminal operations , line-haul, destination sorting and terminal operations, and local delivery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing courier services--are classified in Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services;

 Providing warehousing services of general freight--are classified in Industry 493110, General Warehousing and Storage;

 Providing specialized freight trucking--are classified in Industry Group 4842, Specialized Freight Trucking;

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classi fied in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for Road Transportation;

 Providing general freight long-distance truckload trucki ng--are classified in U.S. Industry 484121, General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Truckload; and

 Providing local general freight trucking services--are classified in Industry 484110, General Freight Trucking, Local.

4842 Specialized Freight Trucking T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local or long-distance specialized freight trucking. The establishments of this industry are primarily engaged in the transportation of freight which,because of size, weight, shape, or other inherent character istics, requires specialized eq uipment, such as flatbeds, tankers, or refrigerated trailers. This industry include s the transportation of used household, institutional, and commercial furniture and equipment.

48421 Used Household and Office Goods Moving T
See industry description for 484210 below.

484210 Used Household and Office Goods Moving

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing local or long-distance trucking of used household, used institutional, or used commercial furniture and equipment. Incidental packing and storage activities are often provided by these establishments.

48422 Specialized Freight (excep t Used Goods) Trucking, Local T
See industry description for 484220 below.

484220 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local, specialized trucking. Local trucking establishments provide trucking within a metropolitan area that may cross state lines. Generally the trips are sameday return.

Illustrative Examples:

Local agricultural products trucking Local dump trucking (e.g., gravel, sand, top-soil) Local boat hauling Local livestock trucking Local bulk liquids trucking

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing long-distance specialized freight (except used goods) trucking including all North American international travel--are classified in Industry 4842 30, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Providing local general freight trucking--are classified in Industry 484110, General Freight Trucking, Local;

 Providing trucking of used household and office goods--are classified in Industry 484210, Used Household and Office Goods Moving; and

 Providing waste collection--are classified in Industry Group 5621, Waste Collection.

48423 Specialized Freight (except Us ed Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance T
See industry description for 484230 below.

484230 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance specialized trucking. These establishments provide trucking between metropolitan ar eas that may cross North American country borders.

Illustrative Examples:

Long-distance automobile carrier trucking Long-distance refrigerated product trucking Long-distance bulk liquid trucking Long-distance trucking of waste Long-distance hazardous material truckingCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing local specialized freight trucking (except used goods)--are classified in Industry 484220, Specialized Freight (except Us ed Goods) Trucking, Local;

 Providing long-distance general freight trucking including all North American international travel--are classified in Industry 48412, General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Providing trucking of used household and office goods--are classified in Industry 484210, Used Household and Office Goods Moving; and

 Collecting and/or hauling hazardous wa ste, nonhazardous waste, and/or r ecyclable materials within a local

area--are classified in Indust ry 56211, Waste Collection.

485 Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation T

Industries in the Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation subsector include a variety of passenger transportation activities, such as urban tr ansit systems; chartered bus, school bu s, and interurban bus transportation; and taxis. These activities are distinguished based primaril y on such production process factors as vehicle types, routes, and schedules. In this subsector, the principal splits identify scheduled transportation as separate from nonscheduled transportation. The schedule d transportation industry groups are Urban Transit Systems, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation, and School and Employee Bus Transportation. The nonscheduled industry groups are the Charter Bus Industry and Taxi and Limousine Service. The Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation industry group includes both scheduled and nonscheduled transportation. Scenic and sightseeing ground transportation services are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation. Sightseeing does not us ually involve place-to-place transportation; the passenger's trip st arts and ends at the same location.

4851 Urban Transit Systems T

48511 Urban Transit Systems T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in operating local and suburban passenger transit systems over regular routes and on regular schedules with in a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. Such transportation systems involve the use of one or more modes of transport including light rail, commuter rail, subways, and streetcars, as well as buses and other motor vehicles.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation--are classified in Industry 48711, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land;

 Providing support services to transit and ground transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4884, Support Activities for Road Transportation; and

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 48521, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation.

485111 Mixed Mode Transit Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban ground passenger transit systems using more than one mode of transport over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating local and suburban passenger transit systems using only one mode of transportation--are classified according to the mode of transport; and Providing support services to transit and ground passenger transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4884, Support Activities for Road Transportation.

485112 Commuter Rail Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in operating local and suburban commuter rail systems over regular routes and on a regular schedule with in a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. Commuter rail is usually characterized by reduced fares, multiple ride, and commutation tickets and mostly used by passengers during the morning and evening peak periods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating local and suburban mass passenger transit systems using both commuter rail and another mode of transport--are classified in U.S. Industry 485111, Mixed Mode Transit Systems;

 Operating a subway system--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 485119, Other Urban Transit Systems; and

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on land--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land.

485113 Bus and Other Motor Vehicle Transit Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in operating lo cal and suburban passenger transportation systems using buses or other motor vehicles over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating local and suburban passenger transportation systems using both a bus or other motor vehicle and another mode of transport--are classified in U.S. Industry 485111, Mixed Mode Transit Systems;

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation; and

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation using buses or other motor vehicles--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land.

485119 Other Urban Transit Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban ground passenger transit systems (except mixed mode transit systems, commuter rail systems, and buses and other motor vehicles) over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Illustrative Examples:

Commuter cable car system s (i.e., stand-alone) Light rail systems (i.e., stand-alone) Commuter tramway systems (i.e., stand-alone) Monorail transit systems (i.e., stand-alone) Commuter trolley systems (i.e., stand-alone)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating local and suburban ground passenger transit systems using more than one mode of transport--are classified in U.S. Industry 485111, Mixed Mode Transit Systems;

 Providing local and suburban passenger transportation using commuter rail systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485112, Commuter Rail Systems; and

 Operating local and suburban bus transit systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485113, Bus and Other Motor Vehicle Transit Systems.4852 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation T

48521 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation T
See industry description for 485210 below.

485210 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing bus passenger transportation over regular routes and on regular schedules, principally outside a single metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation using buses--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land;

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry;

 Operating local and suburban bus transit systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485113, Bus and Other Motor Vehicle Transit Systems; and

 Operating independent bus terminals--are classified in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for Road Transportation.

4853 Taxi and Limousine Service T

48531 Taxi Service T
See industry description for 485310 below.

485310 Taxi Service

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing passenger transportation by automobile or van, not operated over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments of taxicab owner/operators, taxicab fleet operators, or taxicab organizati ons are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing special needs transportation services (except to and from school or work) for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped--are classified in U.S. Industry 485991, Special Needs Transportation;

 Providing limousine services--are classified in Industry 485320, Limousine Service; and

 Providing scheduled shuttle services between hotels, air ports, or other destination points--are classified in U.S. Industry 485999, All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation.

48532 Limousine Service T
See industry description for 485320 below.

485320 Limousine Service

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing an array of specialty and luxury passenger transportation services via limousine or luxury sedans gene rally on a reserved basis. These establishments do not operate over regular routes and on regular schedules.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing taxi services--are classified in Industry 485310, Taxi Service; and

 Providing scheduled shuttle services between hotels, air ports, or other destination points--are classified in U.S. Industry 485999, All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation.

4854 School and Employee Bus Transportation T48541 School and Employee Bus Transportation T
See industry description for 485410 below.

485410 School and Employee Bus Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing buses and other motor vehicles to transport pupils to and from school or employees to and from work.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating local and suburban bus transit systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485113, Bus and Other Motor Vehicle Transit Systems;

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation; and

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry.

4855 Charter Bus Industry T

48551 Charter Bus Industry T
See industry description for 485510 below.

485510 Charter Bus Industry

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing buses for charter. These establishments provide bus services to meet customers' road transportation needs and generally do not operate over fixed routes and on regular schedules.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing scenic and local sightseeing transportation using buses--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land; and

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation.

4859 Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation T

48599 Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing other transit and ground passenger transportation (except urban transit systems, interurban and rural bus transportation, taxi services, school and employee bus transportation, charter bus services, and limousine services (except shuttle services)). Shuttle services (except employee bus) and special needs transportation servi ces are included in this industry. Shuttle services establishments generally travel within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas on regular routes, on regular schedules and provide services between hotels, airports, or other destination points. Special Needs Transportation establishments provide passenger transportation to the infirm, elderly, or handicapped. These establishments may use specially equipped vehicles to provide passenger transportation.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing school or employee bus transportation for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped--are classified in Industry 48541, School and Employee Bus Transportation;

 Providing ambulance services for emergency and medical purposes--are classified in Industry 62191, Ambulance Services;

 Operating urban transit systems--are classified in Industry Group 4851, Urban Transit Systems;

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 48521, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation; Providing taxi services and/or limousine services (excep t shuttle services)--are classified in Industry Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service; and

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 48551, Charter Bus Industry.

485991 Special Needs Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing special needs transportation (except to and from school or work) to the infirm, elderly, or handicapped. These establishments may use specially equipped vehicles to provide passenger transportation.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing school or employee bus transportation for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped--are classified in Industry 485410, School and Employee Bus Transportation; and

 Providing ambulance services for emergency and medical purposes--are classified in Industry 621910,

Ambulance Services.

485999 All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ground passenger transportation (except urban transit systems; interurban and rural bus tran sportation, taxi and/or limous ine services (e xcept shuttle services), school and employee bus transportation, char ter bus services, and special needs transportation). Establishments primarily engaged in operating shuttle servic es and vanpools are included in this industry. Shuttle services establishments generally provide travel on regular routes and on regular schedules between hotels, airports, or other destination points.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating urban transit systems--are classified in Industry Group 4851, Urban Transit Systems;

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation;

 Providing taxi and/or limousine serv ices (except shuttle serv ices)--are classified in Industry Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service;

 Providing school and employee bus transportation (including for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped)--are classified in Industry 485410, School and Employee Bus Transportation;

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry;

 Providing special needs transportation (except to and from school or work) for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped--are classified in U.S. Indust ry 485991, Special Needs Transportation; and

 Providing ambulance services for emergency and medical purposes--are classified in Industry 621910,

Ambulance Services.

486 Pipeline Transportation T

Industries in the Pipeline Transpor tation subsector use transmission pipelines to transport products, such as crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, and slurry. Industries are identified based on the products transported (i.e., pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural ga s, refined petroleum products, and other products). The Pipeline Transportation of Natu ral Gas industry includes the storage of natural gas because the storage is usually done by the pipeline establishment and because a pipe line is inherently a network in which all the nodes are interdependent.

4861 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil T

48611 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil T
See industry description for 486110 below.

486110 Pipeline Transportation of Crude OilThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of crude oil.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing the pipeline transportation of natural gas--are classified in Industry 486210, Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; and

 Providing the pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products--are classified in Industry 486910, Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products.

4862 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas T

48621 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas T
See industry description for 486210 below.

486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the pipeline transportation of natural gas from processing plants to lo cal distribution systems.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing natural gas to the end consumer are classified in Industry 221210,

Natural Gas Distribution.

4869 Other Pipeline Transportation T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of products (except crude oil and natural gas).

48691 Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products T
See industry description for 486910 below.

486910 Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products.

48699 All Other Pipeline Transportation T
See industry description for 486990 below.

486990 All Other Pipeline Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of products except crude oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing pipeline transportation of crude oil--are classified in Industry 486110, Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil;

 Providing pipeline transportation of natural gas--are classified in Industry 486210, Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas;

 Providing pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products--are classified in Industry 486910, Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products; and

 Operating water distribution systems --are classified in Industry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems.487 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation T

Industries in the Scenic and Sightseeing Transpor tation subsector utilize transpor tation equipment to provide recreation and entertainment. These activities have a pr oduction process distinct from passenger transportation carried out for the purpose of other types of for-hire transportation. This process does not emphasize efficient transportation; in fact, such activities often use obsolete vehicles, such as steam trains, to provide some extra ambience. The activity is local in nature, usually involving a same-day return to the point of departure. The Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation subsector is separated into three industries based on the mode: land, water, and other. Activities that are recreational in nature and involve par ticipation by the customer, such as white-water rafting, are generally excluded from this subsector, unless they impose an impact on part of the transportation system. Charter boat fishing, for example, is included in the Scen ic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water industry.

4871 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land T

48711 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land T
See industry description for 487110 below.

487110 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on land, such as sightseeing buses and trolleys, steam train excursions, and horse-drawn sightseeing rides. The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of origin.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating aerial trams or aerial cable cars--are classi fied in Industry 487990, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other;

 Providing sporting services, such as pack trains--ar e classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Providing intercity and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation;

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry;

 Operating local and suburban passenger transit system s--are classified in Industry 48511, Urban Transit Systems; and

 Providing passenger travel arrangements and tours--are classified in Industry Group 5615, Travel Arrangement and Rese rvation Services.

4872 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water T

48721 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water T
See industry description for 487210 below.

487210 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on water. The services provided are usually local and involve same-day retu rn to place of origin.

Illustrative Examples:

Airboat (i.e., swamp buggy) operation Excursion boat operation Charter fishing boat services Harbor sightseeing tours

Dinner cruisesCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing recreation services , such as fishing guides, white-water ra fting, parasailing, and water skiing--are classified in Industry 713990, All Othe r Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Providing water taxi services--are classified in Industry 48321, Inland Water Transportation;

 Providing water transportation of passengers--are classified in Subsector 483, Water Transportation;

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises or river boat casinos)--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels); and

 Providing boat rental without operators--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental.

4879 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other T

48799 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other T
See industry description for 487990 below.

487990 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation (except on land and water). The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of departure.

Illustrative Examples:

Aerial cable cars, scenic and sightseeing operation Helicopter rides, scenic and sightseeing operation Aerial tramways, scenic and sightseeing operation Hot air balloon rides, scenic and sightseeing operation

Glider excursions

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing recreational activities, such as hang gliding--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and

 Providing scheduled or nonscheduled air transportation of passengers or specialty flying services--are

classified in Subsector 481, Air Transportation.

488 Support Activities for Transportation T

Industries in the Support Activities for Transportation subsector provide services wh ich support transportation. These services may be provided to transportation carrier establishments or to the general public. This subsector includes a wide array of establishments, including air tr affic control services, marine cargo handling, and motor vehicle towing. The Support Activities for Transportation subsector includes services to transportation but is separated by type of mode serviced. The Support Activities for Rail Transportation industry includes services to the rail industry (e.g., railroad switching and terminal establishments). Ship repair and maintenance not done in a shipyard are included in Other Support Activities for Water Transportation. An example would be floating drydock services in a harbor. Excluded from this subsector are establishments primarily engaged in providing factory conversion and overhaul of transportation equipment, which are classified in Subsector 336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing. Also, establishments primarily engaged in providing rental an d leasing of transportation eq uipment without operator are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services.

4881 Support Activities for Air Transportation TThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services to the air transportation industry. These services include airpor t operation, servicing, repairing (except factory conversion and overhaul of aircraft), maintaining and storing aircraft, and ferrying aircraft.

48811 Airport Operations T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating international, national, or civil airports or public flying fields or (2) supporting airport operations (except special food services contractors), such as rental of hangar space, air traffic control services, bagg age handling services, and cargo handling services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing factory conversion, overhaul, and rebuilding of aircraft--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Wholesaling fuel at airports--are classified in Industry 42472, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals);

 Providing airport janitorial serv ices--are classified in Industry 56172, Janitorial Services; and

 Providing food services at airports on a contractual arrangement (i.e., food service contractors)--are classified in Industry 72231, Food Service Contractors.

488111 Air Traffic Control

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily en gaged in providing air traffic control services to regulate

the flow of air traffic.

488119 Other Airport Operations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating international, national, or civil airports, or public flying fields or (2 ) supporting airport operations, such as rental of hangar space, and providing baggage handling and/or cargo handling services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing air traffic control services--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 488111, Air Traffic Control;

 Providing factory conversion, overhaul, and rebuilding of aircraft--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Wholesaling fuel at airports--are classified in Industry 424720, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals);

 Providing airport janitorial serv ices--are classified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services; and

 Providing food services at airports on a contractual arrangement--are classified in Industry 722310, Food

Service Contractors.

48819 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation T
See industry description for 488190 below.

488190 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing specialized se rvices for air transportation (except air traffic control an d other airport operations).

Illustrative Examples:

Aircraft maintenance and repair services (except factory conversions, overhauls, rebuilding) Aircraft testing services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Wholesaling fuel at airports--are classified in Industry 424720, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals);

 Providing aircraft janitorial services--are clas sified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services;

 Providing air traffic control services--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 488111, Air Traffic Control;

 Providing airport operations (excep t air traffic control)--are classified in U.S. Industry 488119, Other Airport Operations;

 Providing factory conversion, overhaul, and rebuilding of aircraft--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing; and

 Providing food services to airlines on a contractual arrangement--are cl assified in Industry 722310, Food

Service Contractors.

4882 Support Activities for Rail Transportation T

48821 Support Activities for Rail Transportation T
See industry description for 488210 below.

488210 Support Activities for Rail Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized services for railroad transportation including servicing, routine repairing (exc ept factory conversion, overhaul or rebuilding of rolling stock), and maintaining rail cars; loading and unload ing rail cars; and operating independent terminals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing railroad car rental--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 532411, Commercial Air, Rail, and Water Transportation Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Factory conversion, overhaul, or rebuilding of railroa d rolling stock--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing; and

 Providing rail car janitorial services--are classi fied in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services.

4883 Support Activities for Water Transportation T

48831 Port and Harbor Operations T
See industry description for 488310 below.

488310 Port and Harbor Operations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating ports, harbors (including docking and pier facilities), or canals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing stevedoring and other marine cargo handling services--are classified in Industry 488320, Marine Cargo Handling;

 Providing navigational services to shipping--are classi fied in Industry 488330, Navigational Services to Shipping; and

 Operating docking and/or storage facilities and commonl y known as marinas--are classified in Industry 713930, Marinas.

48832 Marine Cargo Handling T
See industry description for 488320 below.

488320 Marine Cargo HandlingThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing stevedoring and other marine cargo handling services (except warehousing).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing freight for transportation--are classified in U.S. Industry 488991, Packing and Crating;

 Operating general merchandise, refrigerated, or other warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Subsector 493, Warehousing and Storage; and

 Operating docking and pier facilities--are classified in Industry 488310, Port and Harbor Operations.

48833 Navigational Services to Shipping T
See industry description for 488330 below.

488330 Navigational Services to Shipping

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing navigational services to shipping. Marine salvage establishments are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Docking and undocking marine vessel services Piloting services, water transportation Marine vessel traffic reporting services Tugboat services, harbor operation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing water transportatio n of barges (except coastal or Great La kes barge transportation services)--are classified in U.S. Industry 483211, Inland Water Freight Transportation; and

 Providing coastal and/or Great Lakes barge transportation services--are classified in U.S. Industry 483113, Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation.

48839 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation T
See industry description for 488390 below.

488390 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing services to water transportation (except port and harbor operations; marine cargo handling services; and navigational services to shipping).

Illustrative Examples:

Floating drydocks (i.e., maintenance and routine repairs for ships) Ship scaling services Marine cargo checkers and surveyors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Ship painting--are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors;

 Providing ship janitorial services--are classifi ed in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services;

 Operating port, harbor, or canal facilities--are classifi ed in Industry 488310, Port and Harbor Operations;

 Providing dredging services--are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction;

 Providing stevedoring and other marine cargo handling services--are classified in Industry 488320, Marine Cargo Handling; Providing navigational services to shipping--are classi fied in Industry 488330, Navigational Services to Shipping; and

 Providing ship overhauling or repairs in a shipyard--are classified in U.S. Industry 336611, Ship Building and Repairing.

4884 Support Activities fo r Road Transportation T

48841 Motor Vehicle Towing T
See industry description for 488410 below.

488410 Motor Vehicle Towing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in towing light or heavy motor vehicles, both local and long distance. These estab lishments may provide incidental services, su ch as storage and emergency road repair

services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating gasoline stations--are classified in Industry Group 4471, Gasoline Stations;

 Providing automotive repair and maintenance--are cl assified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and

 Both retailing automotive parts and accessories, and repairing automobiles an d known as automotive supply stores--are classified in Industry 4 41310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores.

48849 Other Support Activities for Road Transportation T
See industry description for 488490 below.

488490 Other Support Activities for Road Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services (except motor vehicle towing) to

road network users.

Illustrative Examples:

Bridge, tunnel, and highway operations Pilot car services (i.e., wi de load warning services) Driving services (e.g., automobile, truck delivery) Truck or weighing station operations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing automotive repair and maintenance--are cl assified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance;

 Providing towing services to moto r vehicles--are classified in Indu stry 488410, Motor Vehicle Towing;

 Providing a network for busing in combination with pr oviding terminal services--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation; and

 Providing a network for trucking in combination with providing terminal services--are classified in Subsector 484, Truck Transportation.

4885 Freight Transpor tation Arrangement T

48851 Freight Transportation Arrangement T
See industry description for 488510 below.

488510 Freight Transportation ArrangementThis industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in arranging transportation of freight between shippers

and carriers. These establishments ar e usually known as freight forwarders, marine shipping agents, or customs

brokers and offer a combination of serv ices spanning transportation modes.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in tariff and freight rate consulting services are classified in U.S. Industry 541614, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services.

4889 Other Support Activities for Transportation T

48899 Other Support Activities for Transportation T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing support activities to transportation (except for air transportation; rail transportation; water transpor tation; road transportation; and freight transportation arrangement).

Illustrative Examples:

Arrangement of vanpools or carpools Stockyards (i.e., not for fattening or selling livestock) Independent pipeline terminal facilities

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing support activities for air transportation--are cl assified in Industry Group 4881, Support Activities for Air Transportation;

 Providing support activities for rail transportation--a re classified in Industry Group 4882, Support Activities for Rail Transportation;

 Providing support activities for water transportation- -are classified in Industry Group 4883, Support Activities for Water Transportation;

 Providing support activities for road transportation --are classified in Industry Group 4884, Support Activities for Road Transportation;

 Arranging transportation of freight between shippers an d carriers--are classified in Industry 48851, Freight Transportation Arrangement;

 Providing tariff and freight rate consulting servi ces--are classified in In dustry 54161, Management Consulting Services;

 Operating stockyards for fattening livestock--are classified in Subs ector 112, Animal Production and Aquaculture; and

 Providing packaging and labeling services--are classi fied in Industry 56191, Packaging and Labeling

Services.

488991 Packing and Crating

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in packing, crating, and otherwise preparing goods for transportation.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing packaging and labeling services are classified in Industry 561910, Packaging and Labeling Services.

488999 All Other Support Activities for TransportationThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing supp ort activities to transportation (except for air transportation; rail transportation; water tr ansportation; road transportation; freight transportation arrangement; and packing and crating).

Illustrative Examples:

Arrangement of vanpools or carpools Stockyards (i.e., not for fattening or selling livestock) Independent pipeline terminal facilities

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating stockyards for fattening livestock--are classified in Subs ector 112, Animal Production and Aquaculture;

 Providing tariff and freight rate consulting services--a re classified in U.S. Industry 541614, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services;

 Providing packing and crating services for transportatio n--are classified in U.S. Industry 488991, Packing and Crating;

 Providing support activities for air transportation--are cl assified in Industry Group 4881, Support Activities for Air Transportation;

 Providing support activities for rail transportation--are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for Rail Transportation;

 Providing support activities for water transportation- -are classified in Industry Group 4883, Support Activities for Water Transportation;

 Providing support activities for road transportation --are classified in Industry Group 4884, Support Activities for Road Transportation; and

 Arranging transportation of freight between shippers and carriers--are classified in Industry 488510, Freight Transportation Arrangement.

491 Postal Service T

The Postal Service subsector includes the activities of the National Post Office and its subcontractors operating under a universal service obligation to provide mail servi ces, and using the infrastructure required to fulfill that obligation. These services include delivering letters and sma ll parcels. These articles can be described as those that can be handled by one person without using special equipment. This allows the collection, pick-up, and delivery operations to be done with limited labor costs and minima l equipment. Sorting and tr ansportation activities, where necessary, are generally mechanized. Th e restriction to small parcels distingu ishes these establishments from those in the transportation industries. These establishments may also provide express delivery services using the infrastructure established for provision of basic mail services. The traditional activity of the National Postal Service is described in this subsector. Subcontractors include rural post offices on contract to the Postal Service. Bulk transportation of mail on contr act to the Postal Service is not includ ed here, because it is usually done by transportation establishments that carry other customers' cargo as well. Establishments that provide courier and express delivery services without operating under a univer sal service obligation are classified in subsector 492, Couriers and Messengers.

4911 Postal Service T

49111 Postal Service T
See industry description for 491110 below.

491110 Postal Service

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing mail services under a universal service obligation. Mail services include the carriage of letters, printed matter, or mailable p ackages, including acceptance, collection, processing, and delivery. Due to the infrast ructure requirements of pr oviding mail service under auniversal service obligation, postal service establishments often provide parcel and express delivery services in addition to the mail service. Establishments primarily e ngaged in performing one or more parts of the basic mail service, such as sorting, routing and/ or delivery (except bulk transportation of mail) are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing bulk transportation of mail on a contract basis to and from postal service establishments--are classified in Industry Group 4841, General Freight Trucking;

 Providing services outside of the basi c mail service, such as mail presort, mail consolidation, or address bar coding services, on a contract or fee basis--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business Support Services;

 Providing courier services--are classified in Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services;

 Providing mailbox services along with other business services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561431, Private Mail Centers; and

 Providing local messenger and delivery services--are cl assified in Industry 492210, Local Messengers and Local Delivery.

492 Couriers and Messengers T

Industries in the Couriers and Messengers subsector provide intercity, local, and/or international delivery of parcels and documents (including express delivery services ) without operating under a universal service obligation. These articles may originate in the U.S. but be delivered to another country and can be described as those that may be handled by one person without using special equipment. This allows the collection, pick-up, and delivery operations to be done with limited labor costs and minima l equipment. Sorting and tr ansportation activities, where necessary, are generally mechanized. The restriction to small parcels partly di stinguishes these establishments from those in the transportation industries. The complete networ k of courier services establishments also distinguishes these transportation services from local messenger and deliver y establishments in this subsector. This includes the establishments that perform intercity transportation as well as establishments that, under contract to them, perform local pick-up and delivery. Messengers, which usually deliver within a metrop olitan or single urban area, may use bicycle, foot, small truck, or van.

4921 Couriers and Express Delivery Services T

49211 Couriers and Express Delivery Services T
See industry description for 492110 below.

492110 Couriers and Express Delivery Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in providing air, surface, or combined mode courier and express delivery services of parcels, but not operating un der a universal service oblig ation. These parcels can include goods and documents, but the express delivery serv ices are not part of the no rmal mail service. These services are generally between metropo litan areas, urban centers, or internati onal, but the establishments of this industry form a network that in cludes local pick-up and delivery to serve their customers' needs.

Illustrative Examples:

Air courier services, except establishments operating under a universal service obligation Express delivery services, except establishments operating under a universal service obligation Courier services (i.e., intercity network), except esta blishments operating under a universal service obligation

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing parcel and express deliver y services in addition to mail services under a universal service obligation--are classified in Industry 491110, Postal Service;

 Providing messenger and delivery services within a metropolitan area or within an urban center--are classified in Industry 492210, Local Messengers and Local Delivery; and Providing the truck transportation of palletized general freight--are classified in Industry Group 4841, General Freight Trucking.

4922 Local Messengers and Local Delivery T

49221 Local Messengers and Local Delivery T
See industry description for 492210 below.

492210 Local Messengers and Local Delivery

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local messenger and delivery services of small items within a single metropolitan area or within an urban center. These establishments generally provide point-to-point pickup and delivery and do not operate as part of an intercity courier network.

Illustrative Examples:

Alcoholic beverages delivery services Letters, documents, or small parcels local delivery services Grocery delivery services (i.e., inde pendent service from grocery store) Restaurant meals delivery services (i.e ., independent service from restaurant)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing local letter and parcel delivery services as part of an intercity courier network--are classified in Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services;

 Operating the National Postal Service or providing post al services on a contract basis (except the bulk transportation of mail)--are classified in Industry 491110, Postal Service; and

 Providing the bulk transportation of mail on a contract basis to and from Postal Service establishments--are classified in Industry Group 4841, General Freight Trucking.

493 Warehousing and Storage T

Industries in the Warehousing and Storage subsector are primarily engaged in operating warehousing and storage facilities for general merchandise, refrigerated goods, and other warehouse products. These establishments provide facilities to store goods. They do not sell the goods they handle. These establishments take responsibility for storing the goods and keeping them secure . They may also provide a range of se rvices, often referred to as logistics services, related to the distribution of goods. Logistics services can include labeling, breaking bulk, inventory control and management, light assembly, order entry and fulfillment, packaging, pick and pack, price marking and ticketing, and transportation arrangement. However, establishments in this industry group always provide warehousing or storage services in addition to any logistic services. Furthermore, the warehousing or storage of goods must be more than incidental to the pe rformance of services, such as price marking. Bonded warehousing and storage services and warehouses located in free trade zones are included in the industries

of this subsector.

4931 Warehousing and Storage T

49311 General Warehousing and Storage T
See industry description for 493110 below.

493110 General Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating merchandise warehousing and storage facilities. These establishments generally handle goods in c ontainers, such as boxes, barrels, and/or drums, using equipment, such as forklifts, pallets, and racks. They are not specialized in handling bulk products of any particular type, size, or quantity of goods or products.Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing space for self storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units; and

 Selling in combination with handling and/or distributin g goods to other wholesale or retail establishments-- are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade.

49312 Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage T
See industry description for 493120 below.

493120 Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating refrigerated warehousing and storage facilities. Establishments primarily engaged in the storage of furs for the trade are included in this industry. The services provided by these establishments include blast freezing, tempering, and modified atmosphere storage

services.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in storing furs (except for the trade) and garments are classified in Industry 812320, Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated).

49313 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage T
See industry description for 493130 below.

493130 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating bulk farm product warehousing and storage facilities (except refrigerated). Grain elevators primaril y engaged in storage are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating refrigerated warehousing and storage facilitie s--are classified in Industry 493120, Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage; and

 Storing grains and field beans (i.e., grain elevators) as an incidental activity to sales--are classified in Industry 424510, Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers.

49319 Other Warehousing and Storage T
See industry description for 493190 below.

493190 Other Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in operating warehousing and storage facilities (except general merchandise, refrigerated, and fa rm product warehousing and storage).

Illustrative Examples:

Bulk petroleum storage Lumber storage terminals Document storage and warehousing Whiskey warehousing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing space for self storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units; Storing hazardous materials for treatment and disposal --are classified in U.S. Industry 562211, Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Operating general warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493110, General Warehousing and Storage;

 Wholesaling of petroleum bulk--are classified in Industry 424710, Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals;

 Operating refrigerated warehousing and storage facilitie s--are classified in Industry 493120, Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage; and

 Operating farm product warehousing an d storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493130, Farm Product Warehousing and Storage.

## Sector 51—Information T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Information sector comprises establishments engaged in the following processes: (a) producing and distributing information and cultural products, (b) providing the means to transmit or distribute these products as well as data or communications, and (c) processing data. The main components of this sector are the publishing industries, including software publishing, and both traditional publishing and publishing exclusively on the Inte rnet; the motion picture and sound recording industries; the broadcasting industries, including traditional broadcasting and those broadcasting exclusively over the Internet; the telecommunications industries; Web search portals, da ta processing industries, an d the information services

industries. The expressions ''information age'' and ''global informatio n economy'' are used with considerable frequency today. The general idea of an ''information economy'' includes both the notion of industries primarily producing, processing, and distributing information, as well as the idea that every industry is using available information and information technology to reorganize and make themselves more productive. For the purposes of NAICS, it is the transformation of information into a commodity that is produced and distributed by a number of growing industries that is at issue. The Information sector groups three types of establishments: (1) those engaged in producing and distributing information and cultural products; (2) those that provide the means to transmit or distribute these products as well as data or communications; and (3) those that process data. Cultural products are those that directly express attitudes, opinions, ideas, values, and artistic creativity; provide entertainment; or offer information and anal ysis concerning the past and present. Included in this definition are popular, mass-produced products as well as cultural products that normally have a more limited audience, such as poetry books, literary magazines, or classical records. The unique characteristics of information and cultural products, and of the processes involved in their production and distribution, distinguish the Information sector from the goods-producing and service-producing sectors. Some

of these characteristics are:

1. Unlike traditional goods, an ''information or cultural produ ct,'' such as a newspaper on-line or television program, does not necessarily have tangible qualities, nor is it necessa rily associated with a par ticular form. A movie can be shown at a movie theater, on a television broadcast, through video-on-demand or rented at a local video store. A sound recording can be aired on radio, embedded in multimedia products, or sold at a record store.

2. Unlike traditional services, the delivery of these products does not require direct contact between the supplier and

the consumer.

3. The value of these products to the consumer lies in their informational, educational, cultural, or entertainment content, not in the format in which they are distribut ed. Most of these products are protected from unlawful reproduction by copyright laws.

4. The intangible property aspect of information and cultural products makes the processes involved in their production and distribution very different from goods and services. Only those possessing the rights to these works are authorized to reproduce, alter, improve, and distribute them. Acquiring and using these rights often involves significant costs. In addition, technology is revolutionizi ng the distribution of these products. It is possible to distribute them in a physical fo rm, via broadcast, or on-line.

5. Distributors of information and cultural products can easily add value to the products they distribute. For instance, broadcasters add advertising not contained in the original product. This capacity means that unlike traditional distributors, they derive revenue not from sale of the distributed product to the final consumer, but from those who pay for the privilege of adding information to the original product. Similarly, a directory and mailing list publisher can acquire the rights to thousands of previously published newspaper and periodical articles and add new value by providing search and software and organizing the information in a way that facilitates research and retrieval. These products often command a much higher price than the original information.The distribution modes for information commodities may e ither eliminate the necessity for traditional manufacture, or reverse the conventional order of manufacture-distribute: A newspaper distributed on-line, for example, can be printed locally or by the final consumer. Similarly, it is anticipated that packaged software, which today is mainly bought through the traditional retail channels, will soon be available mainly on-line. The NAICS Information sector is designed to make such economic changes transparent as they occur, or to facilitate designing surveys that will monitor the new phenomena and provide data to analyze the changes. Many of the industries in the NAICS Information sector are engaged in producing products protected by copyright law, or in distributing them (other than distribution by traditional wholesale and retail methods). Examples are traditional publishing industries, software and directory and mailing list publishing industries, and film and sound industries. Broadcasting and telecommunications industrie s and information providers and processors are also included in the Information sector, because their technolo gies are so closely linked to other industries in the

Information sector.

511 Publishing Industries (except Internet) T

Industries in the Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector group establishments engaged in the publishing of newspapers, magazines, other periodicals, and books, as well as directory and mailing list and software publishing. In general, these establishments, which are known as publishers, issue copies of works for which they usually possess copyright. Works may be in one or more formats including traditional print form, CD-ROM, or proprietary electronic networks. Publishers may publish works originally created by others for which they have obtained the rights and/or works that they have created in-house. Soft ware publishing is included here because the activity, creation of a copyrighted product and bringing it to market, is equivalent to the creation process for other types of intellectual products. In NAICS, publishing--the reportin g, writing, editing, and other processes th at are required to create an edition of a newspaper--is treated as a major economic activity in its own right, rather than as a subsidiary activity to a manufacturing activity, printing. Thus, publishing is classified in the Information sector; whereas, printing remains in the NAICS Manufacturing s ector. In part, the NAICS classification refl ects the fact that publishing increasingly takes place in establishments that are physically separa te from the associated prin ting establishments. More crucially, the NAICS classification of book and newspaper pub lishing is intended to portray their roles in a modern economy, in which they do not resemble manufacturing activities. Music publishers are not included in the Publishing Indu stries (except Internet) subsect or, but are included in the Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector. Reproduction of prepackaged software is treated in NAICS as a manufacturing activity; on-line distribution of software products is in the Information sector, and custom design of software to client specifications is incl uded in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

sector. These distinctions arise because of the different wa ys that software is created, reproduced, and distributed. The Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector does not include establishments that publish exclusively on the Internet. Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are included in Subsector 519, Other Information Service. The Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector also exclude s products, such as manifold business forms. Information is not the essential component of these items. Establishments producing these items are included in Subsector 323, Printing and Related Support Activities.

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing newspapers, magazines, other periodicals, books, directories and mailing lists, and other works, such as calendars, greeting cards, and maps. These works are characterized by the in tellectual creativity required in their development and are usually protected by copyright. Publishers distribute or arrange for the distribution of these works. Publishing establishments may cr eate the works in-house, contract for, purchase, or compile works that were originally created by others. These works may be published in one or more formats, such as print and/or electronic form, including proprietary electronic networks. Establishments in this industry may print, reproduce, or offer direct access to the works themselves or may arrange with others to carry out such functions. Establishments that both print and publish may fill ex cess capacity with commercial or job printing. However, the publishing activity is still considered to be the primary activity of these establishments.

51111 Newspaper Publishers T
See industry description for 511110 below.511110 Newspaper Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as newspaper publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out operations necessary for producing and distributing newspapers, including gathering news; writing news columns, feature stories, and editorials; and selling and preparing advertisements. These establishments may publish newspapers in print or electronic form.

Cross-References.

 Establishments publishing newspapers exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broad casting and Web Search Portals;

 Establishments primarily engaged in printing newspape rs without publishing are classified in Industry 32311, Printing;

 Establishments, such as trade associations, schools an d universities, and social welfare organizations that publish newsletters for distribution to their membership, but that are not commonly known as newspaper publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation;

 Establishments primarily engaged in supplying the news media with information, such as news, reports, and pictures, are classified in Industry 519110, News Syndicates; and

 Establishments of independent repres entatives primarily engaged in selli ng advertising space are classified in Industry 541840, Media Representatives.

51112 Periodical Publishers T
See industry description for 511120 below.

511120 Periodical Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known either as magazine publishers or periodical publishers. These establishments carry out the operatio ns necessary for producing and distri buting magazines and other periodicals, such as gathering, writing, and editing articles, and selling and preparing adver tisements. These establishments may publish magazines and other periodicals in print or electronic form.

Illustrative Examples:

Comic book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Radio and television guide publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Magazine publishers (except exclusive Intern et publishing) Scholarly journal publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Newsletter publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Trade journal publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)

Cross-References.

 Establishments publishing periodicals exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Establishments primarily engaged in printing periodical s without publishing are classified in Industry 32311, Printing;

 Establishments, such as trade associations, schools an d universities, and social welfare organizations, that publish magazines and periodicals for distribution to their membership, but that are not commonly known as periodical publishers, are classified accor ding to their primary activity designation;

 Establishments primarily engaged in publishing dir ectories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; and

 Establishments of independent repres entatives primarily engaged in selli ng advertising space are classified in Industry 541840, Media Representatives.51113 Book Publishers T
See industry description for 511130 below.

511130 Book Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as book publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out design, editing, and marketing activities necessary for producing and distributing books. These establishments may publish books in print, electronic, or audio form.

Illustrative Examples:

Atlas publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Religious book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) School textbook publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Encyclopedia publishers (excep t exclusive Internet publishing) Technical manual publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Map publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Travel guide book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)

Cross-References.

 Establishments publishing books on the Internet excl usively are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Establishments primarily engaged in printing books w ithout publishing are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing;

 Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers;

 Establishments, such as trade associations, schools an d universities, and social welfare organizations, that publish books for distribution to their membership, that are not commonly known as book publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation; and

 Book clubs primarily engaged in direct sales activities w ithout publishing are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments.

51114 Directory and Ma iling List Publishers T
See industry description for 511140 below.

511140 Directory and Mailin g List Publishers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in publishing directories, mailing lists, and collections or compilations of fact. The products are typically protect ed in their selection, arrang ement and/or presentation. Examples are lists of mailing addresses, telephone directories, directories of businesses, collections or compilations of proprietary drugs or legal case results, compilations of public records, etc. Thes e establishments may publish directories and mailing lists in print or electronic form.

Illustrative Examples:

Business directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Mailing list publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Telephone directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Operating web search portals or developing and publis hing, exclusively on the Internet, collections or compilations of creative works or facts--are classi fied in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Compiling mailing lists in conjunction with providing direct mail advertising services--are classified in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising;

 Printing without publishing directories and mailing lis ts--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing;

 Publishing computer software --are classified in Industry 511210, Software Publishers;

 Creating and publishing encyclopedias and similar coll ections of creative works in print and/or electronic media--are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers; and

 Creating and publishing collections of creative works that are periodically upda ted--are classified in Industry 511120, Periodical Publishers.

51119 Other Publishers T

This industry comprises establishments known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, mailing list, and music publishers). These establis hments may publish works in print or electronic form.

Illustrative Examples:

Art print publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Greeting card publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Calendar publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)

Cross-References.

 Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 51913, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Establishments known as newspaper publishers are classified in Industry 51111, Newspaper Publishers;

 Establishments known as magazine and other period ical publishers are classified in Industry 51112, Periodical Publishers;

 Establishments known as book publishers are classified in Industry 51113, Book Publishers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in publishing dir ectories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 51114, Directory and Mailing List Publishers;

 Establishments known as music publishers are cla ssified in Industry 51223, Music Publishers; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing manifold business forms are classified in Industry 32311, Printing.

511191 Greeting Card Publishers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing greeting cards.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in—

 Publishing greeting cards exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and

 Printing greeting cards without publishing--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing.

511199 All Other Publishers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments generally known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, database, music, and greeting card publishers). These establishments may publish works in print or

electronic form.

Illustrative Examples:Art print publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) Calendar publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)

Cross-References.

 Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Establishments known as newspaper publishers are classified in Industry 511110, Newspaper Publishers;

 Establishments known as magazine or other periodical publishers are classified in Industry 511120, Periodical Publishers;

 Establishments known as book publishers are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in publishing dir ectories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in greeting card publishing are classified in U.S. Industry 511191, Greeting Card Publishers;

 Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing day schedulers and/or manifold business forms are classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books).

5112 Software Publishers T

51121 Software Publishers T
See industry description for 511210 below.

511210 Software Publishers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in computer software publishing or publishing and reproduction. Establishments in this industry carry out operations necessary for producing and distributing computer software, such as designing, providing documentation, assisting in installation, and providing support services to software purchasers. These establishments may design, develop, and publish, or publish only.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Reselling packaged software--are classi fied in Sector 42, Wholesale Trad e or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade;

 Providing access to software for clients from a central host site--are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services;

 Designing software to meet the needs of specific us ers--are classified in U.S. Industry 541511, Custom Computer Programming Services; and

 Mass duplication of software--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing.

512 Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries T

Industries in the Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector group establishments involved in the production and distribution of motion pictures and sound recordings. While producers and distributors of motion pictures and sound recordings issue works for sale as traditional publishers do, the processes are sufficiently

different to warra nt placing establishments engaged in these activities in a separate subsector. Production is typically a complex process that involves several distinct types of establishments that are engaged in activities, such as contracting with performers, creating the film or sound content, and providing technical postproduction services. Film distribution is often to exhibitors, such as theater s and broadcasters, rather th an through the wholesale and retail distribution chain. When the product is in a mass-produced form, NAICS treats production and distribution as the major economic activity as it does in the Publishing I ndustries (except Internet) subsector, rather than as a subsidiary activity to the manufacture of such products. This subsector does not include establishments primarily engaged in the wholesale distribution of videocassettes and sound recordings, such as compact discs and audio ta pes; these establishments are included in the WholesaleTrade sector. Reproduction of videocassettes and sound recordings that is carried out separately from establishments engaged in production and distribution is treated in NAICS as a manufacturing activity.

5121 Motion Picture and Video Industries T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in the production and/or distribution of motion pictures, videos, television programs, or commercials; in the exhibition of motion pictures; or in the provision of postproduction and related services.

51211 Motion Picture and Video Production T
See industry description for 512110 below.

512110 Motion Picture and Video Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing, or producing and distributing motion pictures, videos, television programs, or television commercials.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing motion pictures and videos on contract as independent producers--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers;

 Providing teleproduction and other postproduction services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services;

 Providing video taping of weddings, special events, and/or business inventories--are classified in Industry 54192, Photographic Services;

 Providing motion picture laboratory services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Providing mass duplication and packaging of video tapes--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and

 Acquiring distribution rights and distributing motion pictures and videos--are classified in Industry 512120,

Motion Picture and Video Distribution.

51212 Motion Picture and Video Distribution T
See industry description for 512120 below.

512120 Motion Picture and Video Distribution

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acquiring distribution rights and distributing film and video productions to motion picture theaters, television networks and stations, and exhibitors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing and distributing motion pictures and videos--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video Production;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of blank video cassette tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 423690, Other Electronic Parts and Equi pment Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of prerecorded video cassette tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers;

 Providing mass duplication and packaging of video tapes--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing;

 Providing motion picture footage (via film libraries) to producers--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Renting video tapes and discs to the general public--are classified in Industry 532230, Video Tape and Disc Rental; and Selling video cassettes and discs to the general public--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics

Stores.

51213 Motion Picture and Video Exhibition T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in operating motion picture theaters and/or exhibiting motion pictures or videos at film festivals, and so forth.

512131 Motion Picture Theaters (except Drive-Ins)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in operating motion picture theaters (except driveins) and/or exhibiting motion pictures or videos at film festivals, and so forth.

512132 Drive-In Motion Picture Theaters

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in operating driv e-in motion picture theaters.

51219 Postproduction Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing postproduction services and other services to the motion picture industry, including specialized motion picture or video postproduction services, such as editing, film/tape transfers, titling, su btitling, credits, closed captioning, and computer-produced graphics, animation and special effects, as well as developi ng and processing motion picture film.

Illustrative Examples:

Motion picture film laboratories Stock footage film libraries Postproduction facilities Teleproduction services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mass duplicating video tapes and film--are classified in Industry 33461, Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media;

 Providing audio services for film, television, and video productions--are classified in Industry 51224, Sound Recording Studios;

 Renting wardrobes and costumes for motion picture production--are classified in Industry 53222, Formal Wear and Costume Rental;

 Renting studio equipment--are cla ssified in Industry 53249, Other Comm ercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; and

 Casting actors and actresses with production companies--are classified in Industry 56131, Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services.

512191 Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing specialized motion picture or video postproduction services, such as editing, film/tape transfers, sub titling, credits, closed captioning, and animation and special effects.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Mass duplicating video tapes and film--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; Developing and processing motion picture film--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Providing audio services for film, television, and video productions--are classified in Industry 512240, Sound Recording Studios; and

 Acquiring distribution rights and distributing film and video productions to motion picture theaters, television networks and stations, and exhibitors--are classified in Industry 512120, Motion Picture and

Video Distribution.

512199 Other Motion Picture and Video Industries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing motion picture and video services (except motion picture and video production, distribution, exhibition, and teleproduction and other postproduction services).

Illustrative Examples:

Motion picture film laboratories Stock footage film libraries Film preservation services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting wardrobes and costumes for motion picture production--are classified in Industry 532220, Formal Wear and Costume Rental;

 Renting studio equipment--are cla ssified in Industry 532490, Other Co mmercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Casting actors and actresses with production companie s--are classified in U.S. Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies;

 Motion picture and video production--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video Production;

 Motion picture and video distribution--are classified in Industry 512120, Motion Picture and Video Distribution;

 Teleproduction and other postproduction services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services; and

 Motion picture and video exhibition--are classified in Industry 51213, Motion Picture and Video

Exhibition.

5122 Sound Recording Industries T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing and distributing musical recordings, in publishing music, or in providing sound recording and related services.

51221 Record Production T
See industry description for 512210 below.

512210 Record Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in record production (e.g., tapes, CDs). These establishments contract with artists and arrange and fi nance the production of original master recordings. Establishments in this industry hold the copyright to the master recording and derive most of their revenues from the sales, leasing, and licensing of master recordings. Establishments in this industry do not have their own duplication or distribution capabilities.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Releasing, promoting, and distributing recordings--are classified in Industry 512220, Integrated Record Production/Distribution;

 Promoting and authorizing the use of musical works in various media--are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers;

 Mass duplication services--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of blank audio cassettes, tapes, and discs--are classified in Industry 423690, Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of prerecorded audio cassettes, tapes, and discs--are classified in Industry 423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers;

 Managing the careers of artists--are classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures;

 Providing facilities and technical expertise for recordin g musical performances--are classified in Industry 512240, Sound Recording Studios; and

 Producing albums on contract as independent producers--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.

51222 Integrated Record Production/Distribution T
See industry description for 512220 below.

512220 Integrated Record Production/Distribution

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in releasing, promoting, and distributing sound recordings. These establishments manufacture or arra nge for the manufacture of recordings, such as audio tapes/cassettes and compact discs, and promote and distribute these products to wholesalers, retailers, or directly to the public. Establishments in this industry produce ma ster recordings themselves , or obtain reproduction and distribution rights to master recordings produced by record production companies or other integrated record companies.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Contracting with musical artists, arranging for the production of master reco rdings, and marketing the reproduction rights--are classified in Industry 512210, Record Production;

 Providing facilities and technical expertise for recordin g musical performances--are classified in Industry 512240, Sound Recording Studios;

 Mass duplication of recorded products--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing;

 Merchant wholesale distribution of prerecorded audio cassettes, tapes, and discs--are classified in Industry 423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and

 Retailing records, tapes, and compact discs without producing recordings--are classified in Sector 44-45,

Retail Trade.

51223 Music Publishers T
See industry description for 512230 below.

512230 Music Publishers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in acquiring and registering copyrights for musical compositions in accordance with law and promoting and authorizing the use of these compositions in recordings, radio, television, motion pictures, live performances, print, or other media. Establishments in this industry represent the interests of the songwriter or other owners of musical compositions to produce revenues from the use of such works, generally through licensing agr eements. These establishments may own the copyright or act as administrator of the music copyrights on behalf of copyright owners. Publishers of music books and sheet music are included in this industry.Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged as independent songwriters who act as their own publishers are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.

51224 Sound Recording Studios T
See industry description for 512240 below.

512240 Sound Recording Studios

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing the facilities and technical expertise for sound recording in a studio. This industry includes establishments that provide audio production and postproduction services to produce master recordings . These establishments may provide audio services for film, television, and video productions.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Releasing, promoting, and distributing sound recordings--are classified in Industry 512220, Integrated Record Production/Distribution;

 Providing mass duplication of recorded products--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and

 Contracting with musical artists, arranging for the production of master reco rdings, and marketing the reproduction rights--are classified in Industry 512210, Record Production.

51229 Other Sound Recording Industries T
See industry description for 512290 below.

512290 Other Sound Recording Industries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing sound recording services (except record production, distribution, music publishing, and sound recording in a studio). Establishments in this industry provide services, such as the audio recording of meetings and conferences.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing records, including contracting with musical artists, arranging and financing the production of master recordings, and marketing the reproduction ri ghts--are classified in Industry 512210, Record Production;

 Releasing, promoting, and distributing sound recordings--are classified in Industry 512220, Integrated Record Production/Distribution;

 Promoting and authorizing the use of musical works in various media--are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers;

 Providing facilities and expertise for recording musical performance--are classified in Industry 512240, Sound Recording Studios;

 Providing mass duplication of recorded products--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and

 Organizing and promoting the presentation of performing arts productions--are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events.

515 Broadcasting (except Internet) T

Industries in the Broadcasting (except Internet) subsector include establishments that create content or acquire the right to distribute content and subsequently broadcast the content. The industry groups (Radio and Television Broadcasting and Cable and Other Subscription Programming) are based on differences in the methods of communication and the nature of services provided. The Radio and Television Broadcasting industry groupincludes establishments that operate broadcasting studios an d facilities for over the air or satellite delivery of radio and television programs of entertainment, news, talk, and the like. These establishments are often engaged in the production and purchase of programs a nd generating revenues from the sale of air time to advertisers and from donations, subsidies, and/or the sale of programs. The Cable and Other Subscription Programming industry group includes establishments operating studios and facilities for the broadcasting of programs that are typically narrowcast in nature (limited format, such as news, sports, education, and youth-oriented programming) on a subscription or fee basis. The distribution of cable and other subscription programming is included in Subsector 517, Telecommunications.

Establishments that broadcast exclusivel y on the Internet ar e included in Subsector 519, Other Information Services.

5151 Radio and Television Broadcasting T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating broadcast studios and facilities for over-the-air or satellite delivery of radio and television pr ograms. These establishments are often engaged in the production or purchase of programs or generate revenues from the sale of air time to advertisers, from donations and subsidies, or from the sale of programs.

51511 Radio Broadcasting T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting audio signals. These establishments operate radio broadcasting studios and facilities for the transmission of aural programming to the public, to affiliates, or to subscribers. The ra dio programs may include entertainment, news, talk shows, business data, or religious services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classi fied in Industry 51913, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and

 Producing taped radio programming--are classified in Industry 51229, Other Sound Recording Industries.

515111 Radio Networks

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in assembling and transmitting aural programming

to their affiliates or subscribers via over-the-air broadcasts, cable, or satellite. The programming covers a wide variety of material, such as news services, religious programming, weather, sports, or music.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and

 Producing taped radio programming--are classified in Industry 512290, Other Sound Recording Industries.

515112 Radio Stations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in broadcasting aural programs by radio to the public. Programming may originate in their own studio, from an affiliated network, or from external sources.

51512 Television Broadcasting T
See industry description for 515120 below.

515120 Television Broadcasting

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in broadcasting images together with sound. These establishments operate television broadcasting studios and facilities for the programming and transmission of programs to the public. These establishments also pro duce or transmit visual programming to affiliated broadcasttelevision stations, which in turn broadcast the programs to the public on a predetermined schedule. Programming may originate in their own studio, from an affiliated network, or from external sources.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Producing taped television program materials--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video Production;

 Furnishing cable and other pay television servi ces--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; and

 Producing and broadcasting television programs for cabl e and satellite television systems--are classified in Industry 515210, Cable and Other Subscription Programming.

5152 Cable and Other Subscription Programming T

51521 Cable and Other Subscription Programming T
See industry description for 515210 below.

515210 Cable and Other Subscription Programming

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in operating studios and facilities for the broadcasting of programs on a subscription or fee basis. The broadcast programming is typically narrowcast in nature (e.g., limited format, such as news, sports, education, or you th-oriented). These establishments produce programming in their own facilities or acquire programming from external sources. The programming material is usually delivered to a third party, such as cable sy stems or direct-to-home satellite syst ems, for transmission to viewers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing taped television program material--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video Production;

 Producing and transmitting television programs to aff iliated stations--are classified in Industry 515120, Television Broadcasting;

 Furnishing cable and other pay television servi ces--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; and

 Retailing merchandise by electronic media, such as television--are classified in Industry 45411, Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses.

517 Telecommunications T

Industries in the Telecommunications subsector group establishments that provide telecommunications and the services related to that activity (e.g., telephony, includi ng Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP); cable and satellite television distribution services; Intern et access; telecommunications reselli ng services). The Telecommunications subsector is primarily engaged in operating, and/or prov iding access to facilities for the transmission of voice, data, text, sound, and video. Transmission facilities may be based on a single technology or a combination of technologies. Establishments in the Telecommunications su bsector are grouped into four industry groups. The first three are comprised of establishments that operate transm ission facilities and infrastructure that they own and/or lease, and provide telecommunications services using those facilities. The distinction among the first three industry groups is the type of infrastructure operated (i.e., wire d, wireless, or satellite). The fourth industry group is comprised of establishments that provide support activitie s, telecommunications reselling services, or many of the same services provided by establishments in the first three industry groups, but do not operate as telecommunications carriers. Establishments primarily e ngaged as independent contractors in the installation and maintenance of broadcasting and telecommunications sy stems are classified in S ector 23, Construction. Establishments known as Internet cafes, primarily engaged in offering limited Internet connectivity in combination with other services such as facsimile services, training, rental of on-site personal computers, game rooms, or foodservices are classified in Subsector 56 1, Administrative and Support Services, or Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places, depending on the primary activity.

5171 Wired Telecommunications Carriers T

51711 Wired Telecommunications Carriers T
See industry description for 517110 below.

517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in operating and/or providing access to transmission facilities and infrastructure that they own and/or lease fo r the transmission of voice, data, text, sound, and video using wired telecommunications networks. Transmission facilities may be based on a single technology or a combination of technologies. Establishments in this industry use the wired telecommunications network facilities that they operate to provide a variety of services, such as wired telephony services, including VoIP services; wired (cable) audio and video programming distribution; and wired broadband Internet services. By exception, establishments providing satellite television distribution serv ices using facilities and infra structure that they operate are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Broadband Internet service providers, wired (e.g. cable, DSL) Local telephone carriers, wired

Cable television distribution services Long-distance telephone carriers, wired Closed circuit television (CCTV) services VoIP service providers, using own operat ed wired telecommunications infrastructure Direct-to-home satellite system (DTH) services Telecommunications carriers, wired Satellite television distribution systems Multichannel multipoint distribution services (MMDS)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing and distributing a channel of television programming for cable or satellite television systems-- are classified in Industry 515210, Cable and Other Subscription Programming;

 Operating coin-operated pay telephones--are classifi ed in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services;

 Operating and maintaining wireless telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517210, Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite);

 Producing and distributing radio programs for cable or satellite radio systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 515111, Radio Networks;

 Reselling telecommunications services (except satellite telecommunications), without operating a network- -are classified in U.S. Industry 517911, Telecommunications Resellers;

 Publishing telephone directories--are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers;

 Reselling satellite telecommunications services--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite Telecommunications;

 Providing Internet access services via client-supplied telecommunications connections (e.g. dial up ISP's)-- are classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications;

 Providing voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) services via client-supplied telecommunications connections- -are classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications; and

 Providing limited Internet connectivity at locations known as Internet cafes, in combination with other services such as facsimile services, training, rental of on-site personal computers, games rooms, or food services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561439, Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops) or Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinki ng Places, depending on the primary activity.5172 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) T

51721 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) T
See industry description for 517210 below.

517210 Wireless Telecommunication s Carriers (except Satellite)

This industry comprises establishments engaged in operating and maintaining switc hing and transmission facilities to provide communications via the airwaves. Establishments in this industry have spectrum licenses and provide services using that spectrum, such as cellular phone services, paging services, wireless Internet access, and wireless

video services.

Illustrative Examples:

Cellular telephone services

Wireless Internet service providers, except satellite Paging services, except satellite Wireless telephone communications carriers, except satellite

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating and maintaining wired telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers;

 Operating and maintaining satellite networks--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite Telecommunications;

 Providing satellite television distribution services --are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; and

 Operating as mobile virtual network operations (M VNO)--are classified in U.S. Industry 517911,

Telecommunications Resellers.

5174 Satellite Telecommunications T

51741 Satellite Telecommunications T
See industry description for 517410 below.

517410 Satellite Telecommunications

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing telecommunications services to other establishments in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries by forwarding and receiving communications signals via a system of satellites or reselling satellite telecommunications.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing direct-to-home satellite television services to individual households

or consumers are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers.

5179 Other Telecommunications T

51791 Other Telecommunications T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) purchasing access and network capacity from owners and operators of telecommunications networks an d reselling wired and wireless telecommunications services (except satellite) to businesses and households; (2) providi ng specialized telecommunications services, such as satellite tracking, communications telemetry, and radar statio n operation; (3) providing satellite terminal stations and

associated facilities connected with one or more terrestri al systems and capable of transmitting telecommunications to, and receiving telecommunications from, satellite systems; or (4) providing Internet access services or Voice overInternet protocol (VoIP) services via client-supplied telecommunications connections. Establishments in this industry do not operate as telecommuni cations carriers. Mobile virtual netw ork operators (MVNO) are included in this industry.

517911 Telecommunications Resellers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in purchasing access and network capacity from owners and operators of telecommunications networks and reselling wi red and wireless telecommunications services (except satellite) to businesses and households. Establishments in this industry resell telecommunications; they do not operate transmission facilities and infrastructure. Mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating and maintaining wired telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers;

 Operating and maintaining wireless telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517210, Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); and

 Reselling satellite telecommunications services--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite

Telecommunications.

517919 All Other Telecommunications

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in providing sp ecialized telecommunications services, such as satellite tracking, communications teleme try, and radar station operation. This industry also includes establishments primarily engaged in providing sate llite terminal stations and associated facilities connected with one or more terrestrial systems and capable of transmitting telecommunications to, and receiving telecommunications from, satellite systems. Establishments providing Internet services or voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) services via client-supplied telecommunications connections are also included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Dial-up Internet service providers VoIP service providers, using client-supplied telecommunications connections Internet service providers using client-supplied telecommunications connections (e.g., dial-up ISPs) Satellite tracking stations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing wired broadband Internet services via own operated telecommunications infrastructure--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers;

 Providing wired VoIP services via own operated te lecommunications infrastruct ure--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Te lecommunications Carriers;

 Providing expert advice in the field of information technology or in integrating communication and computer systems--are classified in Industry 54151, Computer Systems Design and Related Services; and

 Providing satellite telecommunications services--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite

Telecommunications.

518 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services T

Industries in the Data Processing, Hosting, and Relate d Services subsector group establishments that provide the infrastructure for hosting and/or data processing services.

5182 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services T51821 Data Processing, Host ing, and Related Services T
See industry description for 518210 below.

518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing infrastructure for hosting or data processing services. These establishments may prov ide specialized hosting activities, such as web hosting,streaming services or application hosting; provide application service provisioning; or may provide general timeshare mainframe facilities to clients. Data processing establishments provide complete processing and specialized reports from data supplied by clients or provide automated data processing and data entry services.

Illustrative Examples:

Application hosting Optical scanning services Application service providers Web hosting Computer data storage services Video and audio streaming service Computer input preparation services Microfilm imaging services Computer time rental

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing text processing and related document prep aration activities--are classified in Industry 561410, Document Preparation Services;

 Providing on-site management and operation of a client's data-processing facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 541513, Computer Facilities Management Services;

 Providing wired broadband Internet access services using own operated telecommunications infrastructure, in combination with web hosting--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers;

 Providing Internet access via client-supplied teleco mmunications connections in combination with web hosting--are classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications;

 Operating web search portals--are classified in U.S. Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Providing access to computers and office equipment, as well as other office support services--are classified in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers;

 Processing financial transactions, such as credit car d transactions--are classifi ed in Industry 522320, Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities; and

 Providing payroll processing services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541214, Payroll Services.

519 Other Information Services T

Industries in the Other Information Services subsector group establishments supplying information, storing and providing access to information, searching and retrieving information, operating Web sites that use search engines to allow for searching information on the Internet, or publishing and/or broadcasting content exclusively on the Internet. The main components of the subsector are news syndicates, libraries, archives, exclusive Internet publishing and/or broadcasting, and Web Search Portals.

5191 Other Information Services T

51911 News Syndicates T
See industry description for 519110 below.

519110 News SyndicatesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying information, such as news reports, articles, pictures, and features, to the news media.

Cross-References.

Independent writers and journalists (including photojournalists) are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.

51912 Libraries and Archives T
See industry description for 519120 below.

519120 Libraries and Archives

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing library or archive services. These establishments are engaged in maintaining collections of documents (e.g., books, journals, newspapers, and music) and facilitating the use of such documents (recorded informa tion regardless of its physical form and characteristics) as are required to meet the informational, research, e ducational, or recreational needs of their user. These establishments may also acquire, research, store, preserve , and generally make accessible to the public historical documents, photographs, maps, audio material, audiovisual material, and other archival material of historical interest. All or portions of these co llections may be accessible electronically.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing stock footage (via motion picture and video tape libraries) to the media, multimedia, and advertising industries--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Providing stock music to the media, multimedia, and advertising industries--are classified in Industry 512290, Other Sound Recording Industries;

 Providing stock photos to the media, multimedia, and advertising industries--are classified in Industry 519190, All Other Information Services; and

 Distributing film and video productions to motion picture theaters, television networks and stations, and exhibitors--are classified in Industry 512120, Motion Picture and Video Distribution.

51913 Internet Publishing and Broa dcasting and Web Search Portals T
See industry description for 519130 below.

519130 Internet Publishing and Broa dcasting and Web Search Portals

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) publishing and/or broadcasting content on the Internet exclusively or (2) operating Web sites that use a search engine to generate and maintain extensive databases

of Internet addresses and content in an easily searchable format (and known as Web search portals). The publishing and broadcasting establishments in this industry do not pr ovide traditional (non-Internet) versions of the content that they publish or broadcast. They provide textual, audio, and/or video content of general or specific interest on the Internet exclusively. Establishments known as Web search portals often provide additional Internet services, such as e-mail, connections to other web sites, auctions, news, and other limited content, and serve as a home base for

Internet users.

Illustrative Examples:

Internet book publishers Internet sports sites

Internet entertainment sites

Internet video broadcast sites Internet game sites Internet news publishers Internet periodical publishersInternet radio stations Internet search portals Web search portals

Internet search web sites

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing wired broadband Internet access using own operated telecommunicati ons infrastructure--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers;

 Providing both Internet publishing and other print or electronic (e.g., CD-ROM, diskette) editions in the same establishment or using proprietary networks to distribute content--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet) based on the materials produced;

 Providing Internet access via client-supplied teleco mmunications connections--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications;

 Providing streaming services on content owned by others--are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services;

 Wholesaling goods on the Inte rnet--are classified in S ector 42, Wholesale Trade;

 Retailing goods on the Internet--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; and

 Operating stock brokerages, travel reservation systems, purchasing services, and similar activities using the

Internet rather than traditional methods--are classifi ed with the more traditional establishments providing

these services.

51919 All Other In formation Services T
See industry description for 519190 below.

519190 All Other Info rmation Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing other information services (except news syndicates, libraries, archives, Internet publishi ng and broadcasting, and Web search portals).

Illustrative Examples:

News clipping services Telephone-based information services Stock photo agencies

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing wired broadband Internet access services using own operated telecommunications infrastructure- -are classified in Industry 517110 , Wired Telecommunications Carriers;

 Providing Internet access via client-supplied teleco mmunications connections--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications;

 Publishing (except exclusively on the Internet)--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet);

 Publishing or broadcasting exclusively on the Inte rnet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Operating Web search portals--are classified in Indu stry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals;

 Operating news syndicates--are classified in Industry 519110, News Syndicates; and

 Operating libraries and archives --are classified in Industry 5 19120, Libraries and Archives.

## Sector 52--Finance and Insurance T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Finance and Insurance sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in financial transactions (transactions involving the creation, liquidation, or change in ownership of financial assets) and/or in facilitating financial transactions. Three principal types of activities are identified:

1. Raising funds by taking deposits and/or issu ing securities and, in the process, incurring liabilities. Establishments engaged in this activity use raised funds to acquire financial assets by making loans and/or purchasing securities. Putting themselves at risk, they channel funds from lenders to borrowers and transform or repackage the funds with respect to maturity, scale, and ri sk. This activity is known as financial intermediation.

2. Pooling of risk by underwriting insurance and annu ities. Establishments engaged in this activity collect fees, insurance premiums, or annuity considerations; build up reserves; invest those reserves; and make contractual payments. Fees are based on the expected incidence of the insured risk and the expected return on investment.

3. Providing specialized services facilitating or s upporting financial intermediation, insurance, and employee benefit programs.

In addition, monetary authorities charged with monetary control are included in this sector. The subsectors, industry groups, and industries within the NAICS Finance and Insurance sector are defined on the basis of their unique production processes. As with all industries, the production processes are distinguished by their use of specialized human resources and specialized physical capital. In addition, the way in which these establishments acquire and allocate financial capital, their source of funds, and the use of those funds provides a third basis for distinguishing characteristics of the production process. For instance, the production process in raising funds through deposit-taking is different from the process of raising funds in bond or money markets. The process of making loans to individuals also requires different production processes than does the creation of investment pools or the underwriting of securities. Most of the Finance and Insurance subsectors contain one or more industry groups of (1) intermediaries with similar patterns of raising and using funds and (2) esta blishments engaged in activities that facilitate, or are otherwise related to, that type of financial or insurance in termediation. Industries within this sector are defined in terms of activities for which a production process can be specified, and many of these activities are not exclusive to a particular type of financial institution. To deal with the varied activities taking place within existing financial institutions, the approach is to split thes e institutions into components performing specialized services. This requires defining the units engaged in providing those services and developing procedures that allow for their delineation. These units are the equivalents for finance and insurance of the establishments defined for other industries. The output of many financial services, as well as the inputs and the processes by which they are combined, cannot be observed at a single location and can only be defined at a higher level of the or ganizational structure of the enterprise. Additionally, a number of independent activities that represent separate and distinct production processes may take place at a single location belonging to a multilocation financial firm. Activities are more likely to be homogeneous with respect to production characteristics than are locations, at least in financial services. The classification defines activities broadly enough that it can be used both by those classifying by location and by those employing a more top-down approach to the delineation of the establishment. Establishments engaged in activities that facilitate, or are otherwise related to, the various types of intermediation have been included in individual subsectors, rather than in a separate subsector dedicated to services alone because these services are performed by interm ediaries, as well as by specialist establishments, the extent to which the activity of the intermediaries can be separately identified is not clear. The Finance and Insurance sector has been defined to encompass establishments primarily engaged in financial transactions; that is, transactions involving the creation, li quidation, change in ownership of financial assets; or in facilitating financial transactions. Financial industries are extensive users of electronic means for facilitating the verification of financial balances, auth orizing transactions, transferring funds to and from transactors' accounts, notifying banks (or credit card issuers) of the individual transactions, and providing daily summaries. Since these transaction processing activities are integral to the productio n of finance and insurance services, establishments thatprincipally provide a financial transaction processing service are classified to this sector, rather than to the data processing industry in the Information sector. Legal entities that hold portfolios of assets on behalf of others are significant and data on them are required for a variety of purposes. Thus for NAICS, these funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles are the fifth subsector of the Finance and Insurance sector. These entities earn interest, dividends, and other property income, but have little or no employment and no revenue from the sale of services. Separate establishments and employees devoted to the management of funds are classified in Industry Group 5239, Other Financial Investment Activities.

521 Monetary Author ities-Central Bank T

The Monetary Authorities-Central Bank subsector gro ups establishments that engage in performing central banking functions, such as issuing currency, managing the Nation's money supply and international reserves, holding deposits that represent the reserves of other banks and other central banks, and acting as a fiscal agent for the central government.

5211 Monetary Authorities-Central Bank T

52111 Monetary Auth orities-Central Bank T
See industry description for 521110 below

521110 Monetary Authorities-Central Bank

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing central banking functions, such as issuing currency, managing the Nation's money supply and international reserves, holding deposits that represent the reserves of other banks and other central banks, and acting as a fiscal agent fo r the central government.

Cross-References.

Establishments of the Board of Governors of the Federa l Reserve System are classified in Industry 921130, Public

Finance Activities.

522 Credit Intermediation and Related Activities T

Industries in the Credit Intermediation and Related Ac tivities subsector group establishments that (1) lend funds raised from depositors; (2) lend funds raised from credit ma rket borrowing; or (3) facilitate the lending of funds or issuance of credit by engaging in such activities as mortga ge and loan brokerage, clearinghouse and reserve services, and check cashing services.

5221 Depository Credit Intermediation

This industry group comprises esta blishments primarily engaged in acceptin g deposits (or share deposits) and in lending funds from these deposits. Within this group, industries are defined on the basis of differences in the types of deposit liabilities assumed and in the nature of the credit extended.

52211 Commercial Banking See industry description for 522110 below.

522110 Commercial Banking

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in accepting demand an d other deposits and making commercial, industrial, and consumer loans. Commercial banks and branches of foreign banks are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in credit card banking are classified in Industry 522210, Credit Card Issuing;

 Establishments known as industrial banks and primar ily engaged in accepting deposits are classified in Industry 522190, Other Depository Credit Intermediation; and

 Establishments of depository institutions primarily engage d in trust activities are classified in U.S. Industry 523991, Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody Activities.

52212 Savings Institutions See industry description for 522120 below.

522120 Savings Institutions

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in accepting time depos its, making mortgage and real estate loans, and investing in high-grade securities. Savings and loan associations and savings banks are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in accepting dema nd and other deposits and making all types of loans are classified in Industry 522110, Commercial Banking.

52213 Credit Unions See industry description for 522130 below.

522130 Credit Unions

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in accepting members' share deposits in cooperatives that are organized to offer consumer loans to their members.

52219 Other Depository Credit Intermediation See industry description for 522190 below.

522190 Other Depository Credit Intermediation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in accepting deposits and lending funds (except commercial banking, savings institutions, and credit unions). Establishments known as industrial banks or Morris Plans and primarily engaged in accepting deposits, and private banks (i.e., unincor porated banks) are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in accepting demand and other deposits and making all types of loans are classified in Industry 522110, Commercial Banking;

 Establishments primarily engaged in accepting time de posits are classified in Industry 522120, Savings Institutions;

 Establishments primarily engaged in accepting members' share deposits in coopera tives are classified in Industry 522130, Credit Unions; and

 Establishments known as industrial banks and Morris Plans and are primarily engaged in providing nondepository credit are classi fied in U.S. Industry 522298, All Other Nondepository Credit

Intermediation.

5222 Nondepository Credit Intermediation

This industry group comprises establishments, both public (government-sponsored enterprises) and private, primarily engaged in extending credit or lending funds raised by credit market borrowing, such as issuingcommercial paper or other debt instruments or by borrowing from other financial intermediaries. Within this group, industries are defined on the basis of the type of credit being extended.

52221 Credit Card Issuing See industry description for 522210 below.

522210 Credit Card Issuing

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing credit by issuing credit cards. Credit card issuance provides the funds required to purchase goods and services in return for payment of the full balance or payments on an installment basis. Credit card banks are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in issuing cards that contain a stored prepaid va lue are classified with the industry providing the service represented by the cards , such as transit fare cards, in Subsector 482, Rail Transportation, and long-distance telephone cards in Subsector 517, Telecommunications.

52222 Sales Financing See industry description for 522220 below.

522220 Sales Financing

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in sales financing or sales financing in combination with leasing. Sales financing establishments are primar ily engaged in lending money for the purpose of providing collateralized goods through a contractual installment sales agreement, either directly from or through arrangements

with dealers.

Cross-References.

Establishments not engaged in sales financing, but primarily engaged in providing leases for equipment and other

assets are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services.

52229 Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in making cash loans or extending credit through credit instruments (except credit cards and sales finance agreements).

Illustrative Examples:

Consumer finance companies (i.e., unsecured cash loans) Mortgage companies International trade financing Secondary market financing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing credit sales by issuing credit cards--are cla ssified in Industry 52221, Credit Card Issuing;

 Providing leases for equipment and other assets without sales financing--are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services;

 Accepting deposits and lending funds from these de posits--are classified in Industry Group 5221, Depository Credit Intermediation;

 Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 52231, Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers; and

 Guaranteeing international trade loans--are classified in Industry 52412, Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers.522291 Consumer Lending

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in making unsecured cash loans to consumers.

Illustrative Examples:

Finance companies (i.e., unsecured cash loans) Personal credit institutions (i.e., unsecured cash loans) Loan companies (i.e., consumer, personal, student, small) Student loans companies

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Accepting deposits and lending funds from these de posits--are classified in Industry Group 5221, Depository Credit Intermediation; and

 Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers.

522292 Real Estate Credit

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in lending funds with real estate as collateral.

Illustrative Examples:

Home equity credit lending Mortgage companies Mortgage banking (i.e., nondepository mortgage lending)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Servicing loans--are classified in Industry 522390, Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation;

 Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers; and

 Accepting deposits and lending funds secured by real estate--are classified in Industry Group 5221, Depository Credit Intermediation.

522293 International Trade Financing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) working capital funds to U.S. exporters; (2) lending funds to foreign buyers of U.S. goods; and/or (3) lending funds to domestic buyers of imported goods.

Illustrative Examples:

Agreement corporations (i.e., international trade financing) Export-Import banks Edge Act corporations (i.e., international trade financing) Trade banks (i.e., international trade financing)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Guaranteeing international trade loans--are classified in U.S. Industry 524126, Direct Property and Casualty Insurance Carriers; Brokering international trade loans- -are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers; and

 Accepting deposits and lending funds from these de posits--are classified in Industry Group 5221, Depository Credit Intermediation.

522294 Secondary Market Financing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in buying, pooling, and repackaging loans for sale to others on the secondary market.

Illustrative Examples:

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA)

522298 All Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing nondepository credit (except credit card issuing, sales financing, consumer lending, real estate credit, international trade financing, and secondary market financing). Examples of types of lending in this industry are: short-term inventory credit, agricultural lending (except real estate and sales financing) and consumer cash lending secured by personal property.

Illustrative Examples:

Commodity Credit Corporation Morris Plans (i.e., known as), nondepository Factoring accounts receivable Pawnshops Industrial banks (i.e., known as), nondepository

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing credit sales funding are classified in Industry 522210, Credit Card Issuing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in sales financing or sales financing in combination with leasing are classified in Industry 522220, Sales Financing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in making unsecure d cash loans to consumers are classified in U.S. Industry 522291, Consumer Lending;

 Establishments primarily engaged in lending funds with real estate as collateral are classified in U.S. Industry 522292, Real Estate Credit;

 Establishments primarily engaged in international tr ade financing are classified in U.S. Industry 522293, International Trade Financing;

 Establishments primarily engaged in buying, pooling, and repackaging loans for sale to others on the secondary market are classified in U.S. Industry 522294, Secondary Market Financing; and

 Establishments known as industrial banks or Morris Plans and are primarily enga ged in accepting deposits are classified in Industry 522190, Other Depository Credit Intermediation.

5223 Activities Related to Credit Intermediation

This industry group comprises establishments pr imarily engaged in facilitating credit intermediation by performing activities, such as arranging loans by bringing borrowers and lenders toge ther and clearing checks and

credit card transactions.52231 Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers See industry description for 522310 below.

522310 Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in arranging loans by bringing borrowers and lenders together on a commission or fee basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Lending funds with real estate as collateral--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 522292, Real Estate Credit; and

 Servicing loans--are classified in Industry 522390, Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation.

52232 Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities See industry description for 522320 below.

522320 Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) financial transaction processing (except central bank); (2) reserve and liquidity services (except central bank); and/or (3)

check or other financial instrument clear inghouse services (except central bank).

Illustrative Examples:

Automated clearinghouses, bank or check (except central bank) Credit card processing services Check clearing services (except central bank)

Electronic funds transfer services

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in nonfinancial data and electronic transaction processing are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; and

 Establishments of the central bank primarily engage d in check clearing and other financial transaction processing are classified in Industry 521110, Monetary Authorities-Central Bank.

52239 Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation See industry description for 522390 below.

522390 Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in facilitating credit intermediation (except mortgage and loan brokerage; and financial transactions processing, reserve, and clearinghouse activities).

Illustrative Examples:

Check cashing services Money order issuance services Loan servicing

Travelers' check issuance services Money transmission services Payday lending services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers;

 Providing financial transactions processing, reserve, an d clearinghouse activities--are classified in Industry 522320, Financial Transactions Processi ng, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities;

 Foreign currency exchange dealing- -are classified in Industry 523130, Commodity Contracts Dealing; and

 Providing escrow services (except real estate)--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 523991, Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody Activities.

523 Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Oth er Financial Investments and Related Activities T

Industries in the Securities, Commodity Contract s, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities subsector group establishments that are primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) underwriting securities issues and/or making markets for securities and commodities; (2) ac ting as agents (i.e., brokers) between buyers and sellers of securities and commodities; (3) providing securities and commodity exchange services; and (4) providing other services, such as managing portfolios of assets; providing investment advice; and trust, fiduciary, and custody

services.

5231 Securities and Commodity Cont racts Intermediation and Brokerage T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in putting capital at risk in the process of underwriting securities issues or in making markets for securities and commodities; and those acting as agents and/or brokers between buyers and sellers of secur ities and commodities, usually charging a commission.

52311 Investment Banking an d Securities Dealing See industry description for 523110 below.

523110 Investment Banking an d Securities Dealing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in underwriting, originating, and/or maintaining

markets for issues of securities. Investment bankers act as principals (i.e., investors who buy or sell on their own account) in firm commitment tr ansactions or act as agents in best effo rt and standby commitments. This industry also includes establishments acting as principals in buying or selling securities generally on a spread basis, such as securities dealers or stock option dealers.

Illustrative Examples:

Bond dealing (i.e., acting as a principal in dealing securities to investors) Stock option dealing Securities underwriting

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in buying or selling securities on a

commission or transaction fee basis are classified in Industry 523120, Securities Brokerage; and

 Investment clubs or individual investors primarily engaged in buying or selling financial contracts (e.g., securities) on their own account are classified in Industry 52 3910, Miscellaneous Intermediation.

52312 Securities Brokerage See industry description for 523120 below.

523120 Securities Brokerage

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) between buyers and sellers in buying or selling securities on a commission or transaction fee basis.Illustrative Examples:

Mutual fund agencies (i.e., brokerages) Stock brokerages Securities brokerages

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in investment bankin g and securities dealing (i.e., buying or selling securities on their own account) are classified in Industry 523110, Investment Banking and Securities Dealing.

52313 Commodity Contracts Dealing See industry description for 523130 below.

523130 Commodity Contracts Dealing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in acting as principals (i.e., investors who buy or sell for their own account) in buying or selling spot or future s commodity contracts or options, such as precious metals, foreign currency, oil, or agricultural pr oducts, generally on a spread basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in buying or selling spot or future commodity contracts on a commission or

transaction fee basis--are classified in Indust ry 523140, Commodity Contracts Brokerage; and

 Buying and selling physical commodities for resale to other than the general public--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade.

52314 Commodity Contracts Brokerage See industry description for 523140 below.

523140 Commodity Contracts Brokerage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in buying or selling spot or future commodity contracts or options on a commission or transaction fee basis.

Illustrative Examples:

Commodity contracts brokerages Financial futures brokerages Commodity futures brokerages

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Acting as principals in buying or selling spot or futu res commodity contracts generally on a spread basis-- are classified in Industry 523130 , Commodity Contracts Dealing; and

 Buying and selling physical commodities for resale to other than the general public--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade.

5232 Securities and Commodity Exchanges T

52321 Securities and Commodity Exchanges T
See industry description for 523210 below.

523210 Securities and Commodity ExchangesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in furnishing physical or el ectronic marketplaces for the purpose of facilitating the buying and selling of stocks , stock options, bonds, or commodity contracts.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in investment bankin g, and securities dealing, secu rities brokering, commodity contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and Commodity Contracts Interm ediation and Brokerage.

5239 Other Financial Investment Activities T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) acting as principals in buying or selling financial contracts (except investment bankers, securities dealers, and commodity contracts dealers); (2) acting as agents (i.e., br okers) (except securities brokerages and commodity contracts brokerages) in buying or selling financial contracts; or (3) providing ot her investment services (except securities and commodity exchanges), such as portfolio management; investment advice; and trust, fiduciary, and custody services.

52391 Miscellaneous Intermediation See industry description for 523910 below.

523910 Miscellaneous Intermediation

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in acting as principals (except investment bankers, securities dealers, and commodity contract s dealers) in buying or selling of financial contracts generally on a spread basis. Principals are investors that buy or sell for their own account.

Illustrative Examples:

Investment clubs Tax liens dealing (i.e., acting as a principal in dealing tax liens to investors) Mineral royalties or leases dealing (i.e., acting as a pr incipal in dealing royalties or leases to investors) Venture capital companies

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in investment bank ing, securities dealing, secu rities brokering, commodity contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and Commodity Contracts Interm ediation and Brokerage.

52392 Portfolio Management See industry description for 523920 below.

523920 Portfolio Management

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of others on a fee or commission basis. Establishments in this industry have the authority to make investment decisions, and they derive fees based on the size and/or overall performance of the portfolio.

Illustrative Examples:

Managing trusts Pension fund managing Mutual fund managing Portfolio fund managing

Cross-References.Establishments primarily engaged in investment bank ing, securities dealing, secu rities brokering, commodity contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and Commodity Contracts Interm ediation and Brokerage.

52393 Investment Advice See industry description for 523930 below.

523930 Investment Advice

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing customized investment advice to clients on a fee basis, but do not have the author ity to execute trades. Primary activities performed by establishments in this industry are providing financial planning advice and investment counseling to meet the goals and needs of specific

clients.

Illustrative Examples:

Financial investment advice services, customized, fees paid by client Investment advisory services, cu stomized, fees paid by client Financial planning services, customized, fees paid by client

Cross-References.

 Establishments providing investment advice in conjunction with their primary activity, such as portfolio management, or the sale of stocks, bonds, annuities, and real estate, are classified according to their primary activity; and

 Establishments known as publishers providing generalized investment information to subscribers are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet) or Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals.

52399 All Other Financial Investment Activities

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in acting as agents or brokers (except securities brokerages and commodity contracts brokerages) in buyi ng and selling financial contracts providing financial investment activities (except securities and commodity exchanges, portfolio management, and investment advice).

Illustrative Examples:

Bank trust offices Fiduciary agencies (except real estate) Escrow agencies (except real estate) Stock quotation services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Investment banking, securities dealing, securities brokerage, commodity contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering--are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage;

 Acting as principals (except investment bankers, secu rities dealers, and commodity contracts dealers) in buying or selling financial contracts (except securities or commodity contracts)--are classified in Industry 52391, Miscellaneous Intermediation;

 Furnishing physical or el ectronic marketplaces for the purpose of facilitating the buyi ng and selling of

securities and commodities--are classified in Indu stry 52321, Securities and Commodity Exchanges;

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of ot hers--are classified in Industry 52392, Portfolio Management; Providing customized investment advice--are classified in Industry 52393, Investment Advice;

 Awarding grants from trust funds--are classified in Industry 81321, Grantmaking and Giving Services;

 Performing real estate escrow or real estate fiducia ry activities--are classified in Industry 53139, Other Activities Related to Real Estate; and

 Financial transactions processing, reserve, and clear inghouse activities--are classified in Industry 52232, Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities.

523991 Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody Activities

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing trust, fiduciary, and custody services to others, as instructed, on a fee or contract basis, such as bank trust offi ces and escrow agencies (except real estate).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of ot hers--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management;

 Performing real estate escrow or real estate fiducia ry activities--are classified in Industry 531390, Other Activities Related to Real Estate; and

 Awarding grants from trust funds--are classified in Industry 81321, Grantmaking and Giving Services.

523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in acting as agents and/or brokers (except securities brokerages and commodity contracts brokerages ) in buying or selling financial contracts and those providing financial investment services (except securities and commodity exchanges; portfolio management; investment advice; and trust, fiduciary, and custody services) on a fee or commission basis.

Illustrative Examples:

Exchange clearinghouses, commodities or securities Stock quotation services

Gas lease brokers' offices

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Investment banking, securities dealing, securities brokering, commodity contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering--are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage;

 Acting as principals (except investment bankers, secu rities dealers, and commodity contracts dealers) in buying or selling financial contracts--are classified in Industry 523910, Miscellaneous Intermediation;

 Furnishing physical or el ectronic marketplaces for the purpose of facilitating the buyi ng and selling of

securities and commodities--are classified in Indu stry 523210, Securities and Commodity Exchanges;

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of ot hers--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management;

 Providing customized investment advice--are classified in Industry 523930, Investment Advice;

 Providing trust, fiduciary, and custody services to others--are classified in U.S. Industry 523991, Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody Activities; and

 Financial transactions processing, reserve, and clear inghouse activities--are classified in Industry 522320, Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities.

524 Insurance Carriers and Related Activities T

Industries in the Insurance Carriers and Related Ac tivities subsector group establishments that are primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) underwriting (assuming the risk, assigning premiums, and so forth) annuitiesand insurance policies or (2) facilitating such underwritin g by selling insurance policies, and by providing other insurance and employee-benefit related services.

5241 Insurance Carriers T

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in underwriting (assuming the risk, assigning premiums, and so forth) annuities and insurance policies and investing premiums to build up a portfolio of financial assets to be used against future claims. Direct insuranc e carriers are establishments that are primarily engaged in initially underwriting and assuming the risk of annuities and insurance policies. Reinsurance carriers are establishments that are primarily engaged in assuming all or part of the risk associated with an existing insurance policy (or set of policies) originally un derwritten by another insurance carrier. Industries are defined in terms of the type of risk being insured against, such as death, loss of employment because of age or disability, and/or property damage. Contributions and premiums are set on the basis of actuarial calculations of probable payouts based on risk factors from experience tables and expected investment returns on

reserves.

52411 Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and assigning premiums) annuities and life in surance policies, disability income in surance policies, accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies, and health and medical insurance policies.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring life insurance policies are cla ssified in Industry 52413, Reinsurance Carriers;

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, an d/or programs) organized to provide insurance and employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds; and

 HMO establishments providing health care services ar e classified in Industry 62149, Other Outpatient Care

Centers.

524113 Direct Life Insurance Carriers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and assigning premiums) annuities and lif e insurance policies, disability income insurance policies, and accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring life in surance policies, disability income insurance policies,

and accidental death and dismembermen t insurance policies are classified in Industry 5241 30, Reinsurance Carriers; and

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, an d/or programs) organized to provide insurance and employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds.

524114 Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and assigning premiums) health and medical insura nce policies. Group hospitalization plans and HMO establishments (except those providing health care servi ces) that provide health and medical insurance policies without providing health care services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. HMO establishments that provide both health care services and underwrite hea lth and medical insurance are classified in U.S. Industry 621491, HMO Medical Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring health insurance policies are classi fied in Industry 524130, Reinsurance Carriers; and

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to pr ovide health- and welfare-related employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members are classified in Industry 525120,

Health and Welfare Funds.

52412 Direct Insurance (except Life , Health, and Medical) Carriers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and assigning premiums) various types of insurance policies (except life, disability income, accidental death and dismemberment, and health an d medical insurance policies).

Illustrative Examples:

Automobile insurance carriers, direct Property and casualty in surance carriers, direct Bank deposit insurance carriers, direct Title insurance carriers, real estate, direct Mortgage guaranty insurance carriers, direct Warranty insurance carriers (e.g., appliance, automobile, homeowners, product), direct

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring in surance policies are classi fied in Industry 52413, Reinsurance Carriers;

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, an d/or programs) organized to provide insurance and employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in initially underw riting annuities and life insurance policies, disability income insurance policies, accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies, and health and medical insurance policies are classified in Industry 52411, Di rect Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers.

524126 Direct Property and Casu alty Insurance Carriers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and assigning premiums) insurance policies that protect policyholders against losses that may occur as a result of property damage or liability.

Illustrative Examples:

Automobile insurance carriers, direct Malpractice insurance carriers, direct Fidelity insurance carriers, direct Mortgage guaranty insurance carriers, direct Homeowners insurance carriers, direct Surety insurance carriers, direct Liability insurance carriers, direct

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring propert y and casualty insurance policies are classified in Industry 524130, Reinsurance Carriers.524127 Direct Title Insurance Carriers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and assigning premiums) insurance policies to protect the owne rs of real estate or real estate creditors against loss sustained by reason of any title defect to real property.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring title insurance policies are classified in Industry 524130,

Reinsurance Carriers.

524128 Other Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in initially underwriting (e.g., assuming the risk, assigning premiums) insurance policies (except life, disab ility income, accidental death and dismemberment, health and medical, property and casualty, and title insurance policies).

Illustrative Examples:

Bank deposit insurance carriers, direct Product warranty insura nce carriers, direct Deposit or share insura nce carriers, direct Warranty insurance carriers (e.g., appliance, automobile, homeowners, product), direct

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Reinsuring insurance policies--are classified in Industry 524130, Reinsurance Carriers;

 Initially underwriting annuities and life insurance polic ies, disability income insurance policies, and accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies--are classified in U.S. Indu stry 524113, Direct Life Insurance Carriers;

 Initially underwriting health and medical insurance policie s--are classified in U.S. Industry 524114, Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers;

 Initially underwriting property and casualty insurance po licies--are classified in U.S. Industry 524126, Direct Property and Casua lty Insurance Carriers; and

 Initially underwriting title insurance policies--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 524127, Direct Title Insurance

Carriers.

52413 Reinsurance Carriers See industry description for 524130 below.

524130 Reinsurance Carriers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in assuming all or part of the risk associated with existing insurance policies originally underwritten by other insurance carriers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Initially underwriting annuities and life insurance policie s, disability income insu rance policies, accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies, and health and medical insurance polic ies--are classified in Industry 52411, Direct Life, Health , and Medical Insurance Carriers; and

 Initially underwriting various types of insurance policies (except life, disability income, accidental death and dismemberment, and health and medical insurance policies)--are cla ssified in Industry 52412, Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers.

5242 Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities TThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling annuities and insurance policies or (2) providing other empl oyee benefits and insurance related services, such as claims adjustment and third party administration.

52421 Insurance Agencies and Brokerages See industry description for 524210 below.

524210 Insurance Agencies and Brokerages

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling annuities and insurance policies.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in underwriting annu ities and insurance policies are classified in Industry Group 5241, Insurance Carriers.

52429 Other Insurance Related Activities

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing services related to insurance (except insurance agencies and brokerages).

Illustrative Examples:

Claims adjusting Insurance plan administrative services Insurance adjusting

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of ot hers--are classified in Industry 52392, Portfolio Management;

 Acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling annuities and in surance policies--are classified in Industry 52421, Insurance Agencies and Brokerages; and

 Providing actuarial consulting servi ces--are classified in Industry 54161 , Management Consulting Services.

524291 Claims Adjusting

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in investigating, appraising, and settling insurance

claims.

524292 Third Party Administration of Insurance and Pension Funds

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing third party administration services of insurance and pension funds, such as claims processing and other administrative services to insurance carriers, employee-benefit plans, and self-insurance funds.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of ot hers--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management; and

 Providing actuarial consulting serv ices--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources Consulting Services.

524298 All Other Insurance Related ActivitiesThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily en gaged in providing insurance se rvices on a contract or fee basis (except insurance agencies and brokerages, claims adjusting, and third party administration). Insurance advisory services and insurance ratemaking services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing actuarial consulting serv ices--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources Consulting Services;

 Acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling annuities an d insurance policies--are classified in Industry 524210, Insurance Agencies and Brokerages;

 Insurance claims adjusting--are classified in U.S. Industry 524291, Claims Adjusting; and

 Third party administration services of insurance and pension funds--are classified in U.S. Industry 524292, Third Party Administration of Insurance and Pension Funds.

525 Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles

Industries in the Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Ve hicles subsector are comprised of legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to pool securities or othe r assets on behalf of shareh olders or beneficiaries of employee benefit or other trust funds. The portfolios are customized to achieve specifi c investment characteristics, such as diversification, risk, rate of return, and price volatility. These entities earn interest, dividends, and other investment income, but have little or no employment and no revenue from the sale of services. Establishments with employees devoted to the management of funds are classified in Industry Group 5239, Other Financial Investment

Activities. Establishments primarily engaged in holding the secu rities of (or other equity in terests in) other firms are classified in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) that are primarily engaged in leasing buildings, dwellings, or other real estate property to others are classified in Subsector 531, Real Estate.

5251 Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds

This industry group comprises legal entities (i.e., fund s, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide insurance and employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members.

52511 Pension Funds See industry description for 525110 below.

525110 Pension Funds

This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds, plan s, and/or programs) organized to provide retirement income benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members.

Illustrative Examples:

Employee benefit plans Retirement plans Pension funds and plans

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Managing portfolios of pension funds--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management; and

 Initially underwriting annuities--are classified in U.S. Industry 524113, Direct Life Insurance Carriers.

52512 Health and Welfare Funds See industry description for 525120 below.525120 Health and Welfare Funds

This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds, plan s, and/or programs) organized to provide medical, surgical, hospital, vacation, training, and other health- and welfare-related employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Managing portfolios of health and welfare funds--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management;

and

 Third party claims administration of health and welfare plans--are classified in U.S. Industry 524292, Third Party Administration of Insurance and Pension Funds.

52519 Other Insurance Funds See industry description for 525190 below.

525190 Other Insurance Funds

This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds (except pension, and health- and welfare-related employee benefit funds)) organized to provide insurance exclusively fo r the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members. Selfinsurance funds (except employee benefit funds) and workers' compensation insurance funds are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, an d/or programs) organized to provide retirement income benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members ar e classified in Industry 525110, Pension Funds;

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to pr ovide health- and welfare-related employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members are classified in Industry 525120, Health and Welfare Funds;

 Establishments primarily engaged in managing portfo lios of insurance funds are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management;

 Establishments primarily engaged in third party claims administration of insurance, and other employee benefit funds are classified in U.S. Industry 524292, Third Party Administration of Insurance and Pension Funds; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in pr oviding insurance on a fee or contract basis are classified in Industry Group 5241, Insurance Carriers.

5259 Other Investment Pools and Funds

This industry group comprises legal entities (i.e., inve stment pools and/or funds) organized to pool securities or other assets (except insurance and employee-benefit funds) on behalf of shareholders, unitholders, or beneficiaries.

52591 Open-End Investment Funds See industry description for 525910 below.

525910 Open-End Investment Funds

This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., open-end in vestment funds) organized to pool assets that consist of

securities or other financial instruments. Shares in these pools are offered to the public in an initial offering with additional shares offered continuously and perpetually and redeemed at a specific price determined by the net asset

value.

Illustrative Examples:Investment funds, open-ended Money market mutual funds, open-ended

52592 Trusts, Estates, and Agency Accounts See industry description for 525920 below.

525920 Trusts, Estates, and Agency Accounts

This industry comprises legal entities, trusts, estate s, or agency accounts, admini stered on behalf of the beneficiaries under the terms of a trust agreement, will, or agency agreement.

Illustrative Examples:

Bankruptcy estates Private estates (i.e., administering on behalf of beneficiaries)

Personal investment trusts Testamentary trusts

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Managing portfolios of trusts--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management;

 Administering personal estates--are classified in U.S. Industry 523991, Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody Activities; and

 Operating businesses of trusts and bankruptcy estates--are classified according to the kind of business operated.

52599 Other Financial Vehicles See industry description for 525990 below.

525990 Other Financial Vehicles

This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds (except insurance and employee benefit funds; open-end investment funds; trusts, estates, an d agency accounts)). Included in this industry are mortgage Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs).

Illustrative Examples:

Closed-end investment funds Special purpose vehicles Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs)

Unit investment trust funds

Face-amount certificate funds Mortgage real estate investment trusts (REITs) Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs)

Cross-References.

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and programs) that provide insurance and employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds;

 Legal entities (i.e., open-end investment funds) organized to pool assets that consist of securities or other financial instruments, where the pools are offered to th e public in an initial offering with additional shares offered continuously and perpetually at a specific price determined by the net asset value, are classified in Industry 525910, Open-End Investment Funds; Legal entities (i.e., trusts, estates, or agency accounts) ad ministered on behalf of the beneficiaries under the terms of a trust agreement, will, or agency agreement ar e classified in Industry 525920, Trusts, Estates, and Agency Accounts; and

 Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) that ar e primarily engaged in leasing buildings, dwellings, or other real estate property to others are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate based on primary type of real estate property leased.

## Sector 53--Real Estate and Rental and Leasing T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Real Estate and Rental and Leasing sector comprise s establishments primarily engaged in renting, leasing, or otherwise allowing the use of tangible or intangible assets, and establishments providing related services. The major portion of this sector comprises establishments that rent, lease, or otherwise allow the use of their own assets by others. The assets may be tangible, as is the case of real estate and equipment, or intangible, as is the case with patents and trademarks. This sector also includes establishments primarily engaged in managing real estate for others, selling, renting and/or buying real estate for others, and appraising real estate. These activities are closely related to this sector's main activity, and it was felt that from a production basis they would best be included here. In addition, a substantial proportion of property management is self-performed by lessors. The main components of this sector are the real estate lessors industries (including equity real estate investment trusts (REITs)); equipment lessors industries (including motor vehicles, computers, and consumer goods); and lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works). Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing equipment with operators. Establishments renting or leasing equipment with operators are classified in various subsectors of NAICS depending on the nature of the services provided (e.g., transportation, construction, ag riculture). These activities are excluded

from this sector because the client is paying for the expertise and knowledge of the equipment operator, in addition to the rental of the equipment. In ma ny cases, such as the rental of heavy construction equipment, the operator is essential to operate the equipment.

531 Real Estate T

Industries in the Real Estate subsector group establishm ents that are primarily engaged in renting or leasing real estate to others; managing real estate for others; selling, b uying, or renting real estate for others; and providing other real estate related services, such as appraisal services. This subsector includes equity Real Estate Investme nt Trusts (REITs) that are primarily engaged in leasing buildings, dwellings, or other real estate property to others. Mortgage REITs are classified in Subsector 525, Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles. Establishments primarily engaged in subdividing and developing unimproved real estate and constructing buildings for sale are classified in Su bsector 236, Construction of Buildings. Establishments primarily engaged in subdividing and improving raw land for subsequent sale to builders are classified in Subsector 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction.

5311 Lessors of Real Estate T

53111 Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings See industry description for 531110 below.

531110 Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in acting as lessors of build ings used as residences or dwellings, such as single-family homes, apartment buildings, and town homes. Included in this industry are ownerlessors and establishments renting real estate and then actin g as lessors in subleasing it to others. The establishments in this industry may manage the property themselves or have another establishment manage it for them.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in managing residential real estate for others are classified in U.S. Industry 531311, Residential Property Managers.

53112 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) See industry description for 531120 below.531120 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of buildings (except miniwarehouses and self-storage units) that are not used as residences or dwellings. Included in this industry are: (1) owner-lessors of nonresidential buildings; (2) establishm ents renting real estate an d then acting as lessors in subleasing it to others; and (3) estab lishments providing full se rvice office space, whether on a lease or service contract basis. The establishments in this industry may manage the property themselves or have another establishment manage it for them.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Acting as lessors of buildings used as residences or dwellings--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings;

 Renting or leasing space for self-storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units;

 Managing nonresidential real estate for others--are classified in U.S. Industry 531312, Nonresidential Property Managers;

 Providing a range of office support services, such as mailbox rental, other postal and mailing (except direct mail advertising) services, document copying services, fa csimile services, word processing services or onsite personal computer rental, that are not providing office space--are classified in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers;

 Managing and operating arenas, stadiums, theaters, or other related facilities and promoting and organizing performing arts productions, sports ev ents, and similar events at those facilities--are classified in Industry 711310, Promoters of Performi ng Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities; and

 Operating public and contract general merchandise warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493110, General Warehousing and Storage.

53113 Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units See industry description for 531130 below.

531130 Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in renting or leasing space for self-storage. These establishments provide secure space (i.e ., rooms, compartments, lockers, cont ainers, or outdoor space) where clients can store and retrieve their goods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating public and contract general merchandise warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493110, General Warehousing and Storage; and

 Operating coin-operated lockers--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services.

53119 Lessors of Other Real Estate Property See industry description for 531190 below.

531190 Lessors of Other Real Estate Property

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in acting as lessors of real estate (except buildings), such as manufactured home (i.e., mobile home) sites, vacant lots, and grazing land.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Acting as lessors of buildings used as residences or dwellings including manufactured (mobile) homes onsite--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings; Acting as lessors of buildings (except miniwarehouse s and self-storage units) that are not used as residences or dwellings--are classi fied in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses); and

 Renting or leasing space for self-storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units.

5312 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers T

53121 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers T
See industry description for 531210 below.

531210 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents and/or brokers in one or more of the following: (1) selling real estate for others; (2) buying real estate for others; and (3) renting real estate for others.

5313 Activities Related to Real Estate T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing real estate services (except lessors of real estate and offices of real estate agents and brokers). Included in this industry group are establishments primarily engaged in activities, such as managing real es tate for others and appraising real estate.

53131 Real Estate Property Managers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing real property for others. Management includes ensuring that various activities associated with th e overall operation of the property are performed, such as collecting rents, and overseeing other services (e.g., maintenance, security, trash removal.)

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of real estate are classifi ed in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate; and

 Establishments formed on behalf of individual condominium owners or homeowners are classified in Industry 81399, Other Similar Organizations (exc ept Business, Professiona l, Labor, and Political Organizations).

531311 Residential Property Managers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in managing residential real estate for others.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in managing nonresidential real estate for others are classified in U.S. Industry 531312, Nonresidential Property Managers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of buildings used as residences or dwellings are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings; and

 Establishments formed on behalf of individual residential condominium owners or homeowners are classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations).

531312 Nonresidential Property Managers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing nonresidential real estate for others.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in managing residential real estate for others are classified in U.S. Industry 531311, Residential Property Managers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of buildings (except miniwarehouses and self storage units) that are not used as residences or dwellings are classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses);

 Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasin g space for self-storage are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units; and

 Establishments formed on behalf of individual n onresidential condominium owners are classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (ex cept Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations).

53132 Offices of Real Estate Appraisers See industry description for 531320 below.

531320 Offices of Real Estate Appraisers

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in estimating the fair market value of real estate.

53139 Other Activities Related to Real Estate See industry description for 531390 below.

531390 Other Activities Related to Real Estate

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing real estate related services (except lessors of real estate, offices of real estate agents and brokers, real estate property managers, and offices of real estate appraisers).

Illustrative Examples:

Real estate escrow agencies Real estate listing services

Real estate fiduciaries' offices

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Acting as lessors of real estate--are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate;

 Selling, buying, and/or renting real estate for others --are classified in Industr y 531210, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers;

 Managing real estate for others--are classified in Industry 53131, Real Estate Property Managers;

 Estimating fair market value of real estate--are cla ssified in Industry 531320, Offices of Real Estate Appraisers; and

 Researching public land records for ownership of titles an d/or conveying real estate titles--are classified in U.S. Industry 541191, Title Abstract and Settlement Offices.

532 Rental and Leasing Services T

Industries in the Rental and Leas ing Services subsector include establishments that provide a wide array of tangible goods, such as automobiles, computers, consumer goods, and industrial machinery and equipment, to customers in return for a period ic rental or lease payment. The subsector includes two main types of establishments : (1) those that are engaged in renting consumer goods and equipment and (2) those that are engaged in leasing machinery and equipment often used for business operations. The first type typically operates from a retail- like or store-front facility and maintains inventories of goods that are rented for short periods of time. The latter type typically does not operate from retail-like locations or maintain inventories, and offers longer term leases. These establishments work directly with clients to enable themto acquire the use of equipment on a lease basis, or they work with equipment vendors or dealers to support the marketing of equipment to their customers under lease arrangements. Equipment lessors generally structure lease contracts to meet the specialized needs of their clients an d use their remarketing expertise to find other users for previously leased equipment. Establishments that provide operating and capital (i.e., finan ce) leases are included in

this subsector. Establishments primarily engaged in leasing in comb ination with providing loans are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. Establishments primarily engaged in leasing real property are cl assified in Subsector 531, Real Estate. Those establishments prim arily engaged in renting or leasing equi pment with operators are classified in various subsectors of NAICS depending on the nature of the services provided (e.g., Transportation, Construction, Agriculture). These activities are excluded from this subs ector since the client is paying for the expertise and knowledge of the equipment operator, in addition to the rental of the equipment. In many cases, such as the rental of heavy construction equipment, the operator is essential to operate the equipment. Likewise, since the provision of crop harvesting services includes both the equipment and opera tor, it is included in the agriculture subsector. The rental or leasing of copyrighted works is classified in Sector 51, Information, and the rental or leasing of assets, such as patents, trademarks, and/or licensing agreements is classified in Subsector 533, Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works).

5321 Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing the following types of vehicles: passenger cars and trucks w ithout drivers, and utility trailers. These establishments generally operate from a retail-like facility. Some establishments offer only short-term rental, others only longer-term leases, and some provide both types of services.

53211 Passenger Car Rental and Leasing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in renting or leasing passenger cars without drivers.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing passenger cars with drivers (e.g., li mousines, hearses, taxis)--are classified in Industry Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service;

 Retailing passenger cars through sales or lease arrang ements--are classified in Industry Group 4411, Automobile Dealers; and

 Leasing passenger cars in combination with providing loans to buyers of such vehicles--are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance.

532111 Passenger Car Rental

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting passenger cars without drivers, generally for short periods of time.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Leasing passenger cars without drivers, generally for long periods of time--are classified in U.S. Industry 532112, Passenger Car Leasing; and

 Renting or leasing passenger cars with drivers (e.g., li mousines, hearses, taxis)--are classified in Industry Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service.

532112 Passenger Car Leasing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in leasing passenger car s without drivers, generally for long periods of time.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Renting passenger cars withou t drivers, generally for short periods of time--are classified in U.S. Industry 532111, Passenger Car Rental;

 Renting or leasing passenger cars with drivers (e.g., li mousines, hearses, taxis)--are classified in Industry Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service;

 Retailing passenger cars through sales or lease arrang ements--are classified in Industry Group 4411, Automobile Dealers; and

 Leasing passenger cars in combination with providing loans to buyers of such vehicles--are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance.

53212 Truck, Utility Trailer, and RV (Recreational Vehicle) Rental and Leasing T
See industry description for 532120 below.

532120 Truck, Utility Trailer, and RV (Recreational Vehicle) Rental and Leasing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing, without drivers, one or more of the following: trucks, truck tractors, buses, semitraile rs, utility trailers, or RVs (recreational vehicles).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting recreational goods, such as pleasure boats, canoes, motorcycles, mopeds, or bicycles--are classified in Industry 53229, Other Consumer Goods Rental;

 Renting or leasing farm tractors, industrial equipment, and industrial trucks, su ch as forklifts and other materials handling equipment--are classified in Industry 532490, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Renting or leasing mobile home sites--are classified in Industry 531190, Lessors of Other Real Estate Property;

 Retailing vehicles commonly referred to as RVs through sales or lease arrangements--are classified in Industry 441210, Recreational Vehicle Dealers; and

 Leasing trucks, utility trailers, and RVs in combination w ith providing loans to buyers of such vehicles--are

classified in Sector 52 , Finance and Insurance.

5322 Consumer Goods Rental T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting personal and household-type goods. Establishments classified in this industry group generally provide short-term rental although in some instances, the goods may be leased for longer periods of time. These establishments often operate from a retail-like or store-front facility.

53221 Consumer Electronics and Appliances Rental T
See industry description for 532210 below.

532210 Consumer Electronics and Appliances Rental

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting consumer electronics equipment and appliances, such as televisions, stereos, and refrigerators. Included in this industry are appliance rental centers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing computers--are classified in I ndustry 532420, Office Machin ery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; and

 Renting a range of consumer, commercial, and industrial equipment, such as lawn and garden equipment, home repair tools, and party and banquet equipment--are classified in Industry 532310, General Rental

Centers.

53222 Formal Wear and Costume Rental TSee industry description for 532220 below.

532220 Formal Wear and Costume Rental

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting clothing, such as formal wear, costumes (e.g., theatrical), or other clothing (except laundered uniforms and work apparel).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in laundering and supplying uniforms and other work apparel are classified in Industry 81233, Linen and Uniform Supply.

53223 Video Tape and Disc Rental T
See industry description for 532230 below.

532230 Video Tape and Disc Rental

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting prerecorded video tapes and discs for home electronic equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Theatrical distribution of motion pictures and videos--are classified in Subsector 512, Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries;

 Renting video recorders and player s--are classified in Industry 532210, Consumer Electronics and Appliances Rental; and

 Retailing prerecorded video tapes and discs--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores.

53229 Other Consumer Goods Rental T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting consumer goods (except consumer electronics and appliances, fo rmal wear and costumes, and prerecorded video tapes).

Illustrative Examples:

Furniture rental centers Sporting goods rental Party rental supply centers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting consumer electronics and a ppliances--are classified in Industry 53221, Consumer Electronics and Appliances Rental;

 Renting formal wear and costumes--are classified in Industry 53222, Formal Wear and Costume Rental;

 Renting prerecorded video tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 53223, Video Tape and Disc Rental;

 Renting a general line of products, such as lawn and garden equipment, home repair tools, and party and banquet equipment--are classified in In dustry 53231, General Rental Centers;

 Renting medical equipment (except home health equipm ent), such as electromedi cal and electrotherapeutic apparatus--are classified in Industry 53249, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Providing home health care services and home health equipment--are clas sified in Industry 62161, Home Health Care Services; and

 Retailing and renting musical instruments--are classi fied in Industry 45114, Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores.532291 Home Health Equipment Rental

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in renting home-type health and invalid equipment, such as wheel chairs, hospital beds, oxygen tanks, walkers, and crutches.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting medical equipment (except home health equipm ent), such as electromedi cal and electrotherapeutic apparatus--are classified in Industry 532490, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; and

 Providing home health care services and home health equipment--are clas sified in Industry 621610, Home

Health Care Services.

532292 Recreational Goods Rental

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in renting recreationa l goods, such as bicycles, canoes, motorcycles, skis, sailboats, beach chairs, and beach umbrellas.

532299 All Other Consumer Goods Rental

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in renting consumer goods and products (except consumer electronics and appliances; formal wear and costumes; prerecorded video tapes and discs for home electronic equipment; home health furnitu re and equipment; and recreational goods). Included in this industry are furniture rental centers and party rental supply centers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting consumer electronics and a ppliances--are classified in Industry 532210, Consumer Electronics and Appliances Rental;

 Renting formal wear and costumes--are classified in Industry 532220, Formal Wear and Costume Rental;

 Renting video tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 532230, Video Tape and Disc Rental;

 Renting home health furniture and equipment--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 532291, Home Health Equipment Rental;

 Renting recreational goods--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental;

 Retailing and renting musical instruments--are classified in Industry 451140, Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores; and

 Renting a range of consumer, commercial, and industrial equipment, such as lawn and garden equipment, home repair tools, and party and banquet equipment--are classified in Industry 532310, General Rental

Centers.

5323 General Rental Centers T

53231 General Rental Centers T
See industry description for 532310 below.

532310 General Rental Centers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting a range of consumer, commercial, and industrial equipment. Establishments in this industry typically operate from conveniently located facilities where they maintain inventories of goods and equipment that they rent for short periods of time. The type of equipment that establishments in this industry provide often includes, but is not limited to: audio visual equipment, contractors' and builders' tools and equipment, home repair tools, lawn and garden equipment, moving equipment and supplies, and party and banquet equipment and supplies.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Renting trucks and trailers without drivers--are classi fied in Industry 532120, Truck, Utility Trailer, and RV (Recreational Vehicle) Rental and Leasing;

 Renting party and banquet equipment--are classified in Industry 53229, Other Consumer Goods Rental;

 Renting heavy construction equipment without operators--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; and

 Renting specialized types of commercial and industrial equipment, such as garden tractors or public address systems--are classified in Indust ry 532490, Other Commercial and In dustrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing.

5324 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equi pment Rental and Leasing T

This industry group comprises establishments prim arily engaged in renting or leasing commercial-type and industrial-type machin ery and equipment. The types of establishments included in this industry group are generally involved in providing capital or investment-type equipment that clients use in their business operations. These establishments typically cater to a business clientele and do not generally operate a reta il-like or store-front facility.

53241 Construction, Transportation, Mining, and Fo restry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing one or more of the following without operators: heavy construction, off-highway transportation, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment. Establishments in this industry may rent or lease product s, such as aircraft, railroad cars, steamships, tugboats, bulldozers, earthmoving equipment, well-drilli ng machinery and equipment, or cranes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing automobiles or trucks without operators--are classified in Industry Group 5321, Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Renting or leasing air, rail, highway, and water transp ortation equipment with operators--are classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing, based on their primary activity;

 Renting or leasing heavy construction equipment with operators--are classified in Industry Group 2389, Other Specialty Trade Contractors;

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for mining with operators--are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining;

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for forestry with operators--are classified in Industry 11531, Support Activities for Forestry; and

 Leasing heavy equipment in combination with providing loans to buyers of such equipment--are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance.

532411 Commercial Air, Rail, an d Water Transportation Equipment Rental and Leasing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in renting or leasing off-highway transportation equipment without operators, such as aircra ft, railroad cars, steamships, or tugboats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing air, rail, highway, and water transp ortation equipment with operators--are classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing, based on their primary activity;

 Renting pleasure boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental; and

 Renting or leasing automobiles or trucks without drivers--are classified in Industry Group 5321, Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing.

532412 Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and LeasingThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in renting or leasing heavy equipment withoutoperators that may be used for construction, mining, or forestry, such as bulldozers, earthmoving equipment, welldrilling machinery and equipment, or cranes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing of cranes with operators--are classified in Indust ry 238990, All Othe r Specialty Trade
Contractors;

 Renting or leasing of construction equipment with operators (except cranes)--are classified in 238910, Site Preparation Contractors;

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for mining with operators--are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining;

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for forestry with operators--are classified in Industry 115310, Support Activities for Forestry; and

 Leasing heavy equipment in combination with providing loans to buyers of such equipment--are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance.

53242 Office Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing T
See industry description for 532420 below.

532420 Office Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing office machinery and equipment, such as computers, office furniture, duplicating machines (i.e., copiers), or facsimile machines.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing residential furniture--are classified in Industry 53229, Other Consumer Goods Rental;

and

 Leasing office machinery and equipmen t in combination with providing loans to buyers of such equipment-

-are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance.

53249 Other Commercial and Industrial Mach inery and Equipment Rental and Leasing T
See industry description for 532490 below.

532490 Other Commercial and Industrial Mach inery and Equipment Rental and Leasing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing nonconsumer-type machinery and equipment (except heavy construction, transportation, mining, and forestry machin ery and equipment without operators; and office machinery and equipm ent). Establishments in this industr y rent or lease products, such as manufacturing equipment; metalworking, telecommunications, motion picture, theatrical machinery and equipment, or service industry machinery; institutional (i.e., public buildin g) furniture, such as furniture for schools, theaters, or buildings; or agricultural equipment without operators.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment without operators--are classified in Industry 53241, Construction, Transportation, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Renting or leasing office machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 532420, Office Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing;

 Renting or leasing agricultural machin ery and equipment with operators--a re classified in Subsector 115, Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry;

 Renting home furniture or medical equipment for hom e use--are classified in Industry 53229, Other Consumer Goods Rental; and Leasing nonconsumer machinery and eq uipment in combination with providing loans to buyers of such equipment--are classified in S ector 52, Finance and Insurance.

533 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangib le Assets (except Copyrighted Works) T

Industries in the Lessors of No nfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) subsector include establishments that are primarily engaged in assigning rights to assets, such as patents, trademarks, brand names, and/or franchise agreements for which a royalty payment or licensing fee is paid to the asset holder. Establishments in this subsector own the patents, trademarks, and/or franchi se agreements that they allo w others to use or reproduce for a fee and may or may not have created those assets.

Establishments that allow franchisees the use of the franchise name, contingent on the franchisee buying products

or services from the franchiso r, are classified elsewhere. Excluded from this subsector are establishments prim arily engaged in leasing real property and establishments primarily engaged in leasing tangible assets, such as automobiles, computers, consumer goods, and industrial machinery and equipment. These estab lishments are classified in Subsector 531, Real Estate and Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services, respectively.

5331 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) T

53311 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangib le Assets (except Copyrighted Works) T
See industry description for 533110 below.

533110 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangib le Assets (except Copyrighted Works)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in assigning rights to assets, such as patents, trademarks, brand names, and/or franch ise agreements for which a royalty payment or licensing fee is paid to the

asset holder.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in producing, reproducing, and/or distributing copyrighted works are

classified in Sector 51, Information;

 Independent artists, writers, and performers primarily engaged in creating copyrighted works are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in leasing real prop erty are classified in Su bsector 531, Real Estate;

 Establishments primarily engaged in leasing tangible assets, such as automobiles, computers, consumer goods, and industrial mach inery and equipment, are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services; and

 Establishments that allow franchisees the use of the franchise name, contingent on the franchisee buying products or services from the franc hisor are classified elsewhere.

## Sector 54--Professional, Scienti fic, and Technical Services T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Professional, Scientific, and T echnical Services sector comprises estab lishments that specialize in performing professional, scientific, and technical activities for others . These activities require a high degree of expertise and training. The establishments in this s ector specialize according to expertise and provide these services to clients in a variety of industries and, in some cases, to households. Activities performed include: legal advice and representation; accounting, book keeping, and payroll services; architectur al, engineering, and specialized design services; computer services; consulting services; research services; advertising services; photographic services; translation and interpretation services; veterinary services; and other professional, scientific, and technical services. This sector excludes establishments primarily engage d in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative services, such as financial planning, billing and recordkeepin g, personnel, and physical distribution and logistics.

These establishments are classified in Sector 56, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and

Remediation Services.

541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services T

Industries in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services subsector group establishments engaged in processes where human capital is the major input. These es tablishments make available the knowledge and skills of their employees, often on an assignment basis, where an individual or team is responsible for the delivery of services to the client. The individual industries of this subsector are defined on the basis of the particular expertise and training of the se rvices provider. The distinguishing feature of the Professional, Scientific , and Technical Services subsector is the fact that most of the industries grouped in it have production processes that ar e almost wholly dependent on worker skills. In most of these industries, equipment and materials are not of major importance, unlike health care, for example, where "high tech" machines and materials are important collaborating inputs to labor skills in the production of health care. Thus, the establishments classified in this subsector sell expertise. Much of the expertise requires degrees, though not in every case.

5411 Legal Services T

54111 Offices of Lawyers T
See industry description for 541110 below.

541110 Offices of Lawyers

This industry comprises offices of legal practitioners known as lawyers or attorneys (i.e., counselors-at-law) primarily engaged in the practice of law. Establishments in this industry may provide expertise in a range or in specific areas of law, such as criminal la w, corporate law, family and estate law, patent law, real estate law, or tax

law.

Cross-References.

Establishments of legal practitioners (except lawyers or attorneys) primarily engaged in providing specialized legal or paralegal services are classified in Industry 54119, Other Legal Services.

54112 Offices of Notaries T
See industry description for 541120 below.

541120 Offices of Notaries

This industry comprises establishments (except offices of lawyers and attorneys) pr imarily engaged in drafting, approving, and executing legal documents, such as real esta te transactions, wills, and contracts; and in receiving, indexing, and storing such documents.Cross-References.

 Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engage d in the practice of law are classified in Industry 541110, Offices of Lawyers; and

 Establishments of notaries public enga ged in activities, such as administering oaths and taking affidavits and depositions, witnessing and certifying signature s on documents, but not empowered to draw and approve legal documents and contracts, are classified in U.S. Industry 541199, All Other Legal Services.

54119 Other Legal Services T

This industry comprises establishments of legal prac titioners (except lawyers and atto rneys) primarily engaged in providing specialized legal or paralegal services.

Illustrative Examples:

Notary public services Process serving services Paralegal services

Real estate settlement offices Patent agent services (i.e., patent filing and searching services) Real estate title abstract companies

Cross-References.

 Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engage d in the practice of law are classified in Industry 54111, Offices of Lawyers; and

 Establishments (except offices of lawyers, attorney s, and paralegals) primarily engaged in providing

arbitration and conciliation services are classified in In dustry 54199, All Other Professional, Scientific, and

Technical Services.

541191 Title Abstract and Settlement Offices

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except o ffices of lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in one or more of the following activities: (1) researching public land records to gather information relating to real estate titles; (2) preparing documents necessary for the tran sfer of the title, financing, an d settlement; (3) conducting final real estate settlements and closings; and (4) filing legal and ot her documents relating to the sale of real estate. Real estate settlement offices, title abstract companies, and title search companies are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engage d in the practice of law are cl assified in Industry 541110, Offices of Lawyers.

541199 All Other Legal Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of le gal practitioners (except offices of lawyers and attorneys, settlement offices, and title abstract offices). These estab lishments are primarily engaged in providing specialized legal or paralegal services.

Illustrative Examples:

Notary public services Patent agent services (i.e., patent filing and searching services) Paralegal services Process serving servicesCross-References.

 Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engage d in the practice of law are classified in Industry 541110, Offices of Lawyers;

 Establishments (except offices of lawyers and attorn eys) primarily engaged in researching public land records for ownership or title; prepar ing documents necessary for the tran sfer of the title, financing, and settlement; conducting final real estate settlements and closings; and/or filing le gal and other documents relating to the sale of real estate are classified in U.S. Industry 541191, Title Abstract and Settlement Offices; and

 Establishments (except offices of lawyers, attorney s, and paralegals) primarily engaged in providing

arbitration and conciliation services are classified in Industry 541990, All Other Professional, Scientific,

and Technical Services.

5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services T

54121 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing services, such as auditing of accounting records, designing accounting systems, preparing financial statements, developing budgets, preparing tax returns, processing payrolls, bookkeeping, and billing.

Illustrative Examples:

Accountants' offices Payroll processing services Bookkeeping services Tax return preparation services

Cross-References.

Establishments providing computer data processing se rvices at their own facility for others are classified in Industry 51821, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services.

541211 Offices of Certified Public Accountants

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of accou ntants that are certified to audit the accounting records of public and private organizati ons and to attest to compliance with gene rally accepted accounting practices. Offices of certified public accountants (CPAs) may provide one or mo re of the following accoun ting services: (1) auditing financial statements; (2) designing accounting systems; (3) preparing financial statements; (4) developing budgets; and (5) providing advice on matters related to accounting. These establishments may also provide related services, such as bookkeeping, tax return preparation, and payroll processing.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing tax return preparation services only--are classified in U.S. Industry 541213, Tax Preparation Services;

 Providing payroll processing services only--are classified in U.S. Industry 541214, Payroll Services; and

 Providing accounting, bookkeeping, and billing services --are classified in U.S. Industry 541219, Other Accounting Services.

541213 Tax Preparation Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except o ffices of CPAs) engaged in providing tax return preparation services without also providing accounting, bookkeeping, b illing, or payroll processing services. Basic knowledge of tax law and filing requirements is required.Cross-References.

 Establishments of CPAs are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 541211, Offices of Certified Public Accountants;

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing payroll servi ces along with tax return preparation services are classified in U.S. Industry 541214, Payroll Services;

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing accounting, boo kkeeping, or billing services along with tax return preparation services are classified in U.S. Industry 541219, Other Accounting Services; and

 Establishments providing computer data processing servi ces at their own facility for others are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services.

541214 Payroll Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (excep t offices of CPAs) engaged in the following without also providing accounting, bookkeeping, or billing services: (1 ) collecting information on hours worked, pay rates, deductions, and other payroll-related data from their client s; and (2) using that information to generate paychecks, payroll reports, and tax filings. These establishments may use data processing and tabulating techniques as part of providing their services.

Cross-References.

 Establishments of CPAs are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 541211, Offices of Certified Public Accountants;

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing tax return prepar ation services only are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 541213, Tax Preparation Services; and

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing accounting, bookkeeping, or billing services along with payroll

services are classified in U.S. Indu stry 541219, Other Accounting Services.

541219 Other Accounting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of CPAs) engaged in providing accounting services (except tax return preparation services only or payroll se rvices only). These establis hments may also provide tax return preparation or payroll services . Accountant (except CPA) offices, bookkeeper offices, and billing offices are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

 Establishments of CPAs are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 541211, Offices of Certified Public Accountants;

 Establishments of non-CPAs engaged in providing tax return preparation services only are classified in U.S. Industry 541213, Tax Preparation Services; and

 Establishments of non-CPAs engaged in providing payr oll services only are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 541214, Payroll Services.

5413 Architectural, Engin eering, and Related Services T

54131 Architectural Services T
See industry description for 541310 below.

541310 Architectural Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in planning and designing residential, institutional, leisure, commercial, and industrial buildings and structures by applying knowledge of design, construction procedures, zoning regulations, building codes, and building materials.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Planning and designing the development of land areas--are classified in Industry 541320, Landscape Architectural Services; and

 Both the design and construction of buildings, highways, or other structures or in managing construction projects--are classified in Sector 23, Cons truction, according to the type of project.

54132 Landscape Architectural Services T
See industry description for 541320 below.

541320 Landscape Architectural Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing the development of land areas for projects, such as parks and other recreational areas; airports; highways; hospitals; schools; land subdivisions; and commercial, industrial, and residential areas, by applying knowledge of land characteristics, location of buildings and structures, use of land areas, and design of landscape projects.

Illustrative Examples:

Garden planning services Landscape architects' offices Golf course or ski area design services Landscape consulting services Industrial land use planning services Landscape design services

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing landsc ape care and maintenance services and/or installing trees, shrubs, plants, lawns, or gardens along with the design of landscape plans are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services.

54133 Engineering Services T
See industry description for 541330 below.

541330 Engineering Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in applying physical laws and principles of engineering in the design, development, and utilization of machines, mate rials, instruments, structures , processes, and systems. The assignments undertaken by these es tablishments may involve any of th e following activities: provision of advice, preparation of feasibility studi es, preparation of preliminary and final plans and designs, provision of technical services during the construction or installation phase, inspection and evaluation of engineering projects,

and related services.

Illustrative Examples:

Civil engineering services Environmental engineering services Construction engineering services Mechanical engineering services Engineers' offices

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services;

 Performing surveying and mapping se rvices of the surface of the eart h, including the sea floor--are classified in Industry 541370, Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services; Gathering, interpreting, and mapping geophysical data--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Creating and developing designs and specifications th at optimize the use, value, and appearance of products--are classified in Industry 541420, Industrial Design Services;

 Providing advice and assistance to others on environmental issues, such as the control of environmental contamination from pollutants, toxic substances, and hazardous materials--are classified in Industry 541620, Environmental Consulting Services; and

 Both the design and construction of buildings, highways, and other structures or in managing construction projects--are classified in Sector 23, Cons truction, according to the type of project.

54134 Drafting Services T
See industry description for 541340 below.

541340 Drafting Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in drawing detailed layouts, plans, and illustrations of buildings, structures, systems, or components from engineering and architectural specifications.

54135 Building Inspection Services T
See industry description for 541350 below.

541350 Building Inspection Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing building inspection services. These establishments typically evaluate all aspects of the building structure and component systems and prepare a report on the physical condition of the property, generally for buy ers or others involved in real estate transactions. Building inspection bureaus and establishments providing ho me inspection services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Inspecting buildings for termites and other pests--are classified in Industry 561710, Exterminating and Pest Control Services;

 Inspecting buildings for hazardous ma terials--are classified in Indust ry 541620, Enviro nmental Consulting Services; and

 Conducting building inspections and enforcing building codes and standards--are classified in Industry 926150, Regulation, Licensing, and Inspectio n of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors.

54136 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services T
See industry description for 541360 below.

541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in gathering, interpreting, and mapping geophysical

data. Establishments in this industr y often specialize in locating and measur ing the extent of subsurface resources, such as oil, gas, and minerals, but they may also conduct surveys for engineering purposes. Establishments in this industry use a variety of surveying techniques depending on the purpose of the survey, including magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, seismic surveys, or electrical and electromagnetic surveys.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in taking core samp les, drilling test wells, or other mine development activities (except geophysical surveying and mapping) on a contract basis for others are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining.

54137 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services T
See industry description for 541370 below.541370 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing surveying and mapping services of the surface of the earth, including the sea floor. These services may include su rveying and mapping of areas above or below the surface of the earth, such as the creation of view easements or segr egating rights in parcels of land by creating underground utility easements.

Illustrative Examples:

Cadastral surveying services Mapping (except geophysical) services Cartographic surveying services Topographic surveying services Geodetic surveying services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing geophysical surveying and mapping services--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Publishing atlases and maps, except for exclusive Internet publishing--are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers; and

 Publishing atlases and maps exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals.

54138 Testing Laboratories T
See industry description for 541380 below.

541380 Testing Laboratories

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing physical, chemical, and other analytical testing services, such as acoustics or vibration testing, assaying, biological testing (except medical and veterinary), calibration testing, electrical and electroni c testing, geotechnical testing, mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, or thermal testing. The testing may occur in a laboratory or on-site.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Laboratory testing for the medical profession--are classified in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories;

 Veterinary testing services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services; and

 Auto emissions testing--are classified in U.S. Industry 811198, All Other Automotive Repair and

Maintenance.

5414 Specialized Design Services T

This industry group comprises establishments provi ding specialized design serv ices (except architectural, engineering, and computer systems design).

54141 Interior Design Services T
See industry description for 541410 below.

541410 Interior Design Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning, designing, and administering projects in interior spaces to meet the physical and aesthetic needs of people using them, taking into consideration building codes, health and safety regulations, traffic patterns and fl oor planning, mechanical and el ectrical needs, and interiorfittings and furniture. Interior designers and interior desi gn consultants work in areas, such as hospitality design, health care design, institutional design, commercial and corporate design, and residential design. This industry also includes interior decorating consultants engaged exclusively in providing aesthetic services associated with interior

spaces.

54142 Industrial Design Services T
See industry description for 541420 below.

541420 Industrial Design Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating and developing designs and specifications that optimize the use, value, and appear ance of their products. These services can include the determination of the materials, construction, mechanisms, shape, color, and su rface finishes of the product, taking into consideration human characteristics and needs, safety , market appeal, and efficiency in production, distribution, use, and maintenance. Establishments providing automobile or furniture industrial design services or industrial design consulting services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Applying physical laws and principles of engineering in the design, development, and utilization of machines, materials, instruments, structures, processes, and systems --are classified in Industry 541330, Engineering Services; and

 Designing clothing, shoes, or jewelry--are classified in Industry 541490, Other Specialized Design

Services.

54143 Graphic Design Services T
See industry description for 541430 below.

541430 Graphic Design Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning, designing, and managing the production of visual communication in order to convey specific messages or concepts, clarify complex information, or project visual identities. These services can include the design of printed materials, packaging, advertising, signage systems, and corporate identification (logos). This industry also includes commercial artists engaged exclusively in generating drawings and illustrations requiring technical accuracy or interpretative skills.

Illustrative Examples:

Commercial art studios Independent commercial or graphic artists Corporate identification (i.e., logo) design services

Medical art or illustration services Graphic design consulting services

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in creating and/or placing public display advertising material are classified in Industry 541850, Outdoor Advertising; and

 Independent artists primarily engaged in creating an d selling visual artwork for noncommercial use and independent cartoonists are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.

54149 Other Specialized Design Services T
See industry description for 541490 below.

541490 Other Specialized Design ServicesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing professional design services (except architectural, landscape architecture, en gineering, interior, industrial, graphic, and computer system design).

Illustrative Examples:

Costume design services (except inde pendent theatrical costume designers) Jewelry design services Fashion design services Float design services Shoe design services Fur design services Textile design services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing architectural design services--are classi fied in Industry 541310 , Architectural Services;

 Providing landscape architecture design services--a re classified in Industry 541320, Landscape Architectural Services;

 Providing engineering design services--are classi fied in Industry 541330, Engineering Services;

 Providing interior design services--are classified in Industry 541410, Interior Design Services;

 Providing industrial design services--are classified in Industry 541420, Industrial Design Services;

 Providing graphic design services--are classified in Industry 541430, Graphic Design Services;

 Providing computer systems design services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services; and

 Operating as independent theatrical designers--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.

5415 Computer Systems Design and Related Services T

54151 Computer Systems Desi gn and Related Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing expertise in the field of information technologies through one or more of the following activ ities: (1) writing, modifying, testing, and supporting software to meet the needs of a particular customer; (2 ) planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologi es; (3) on-site management and operation of clients' computer systems and/or data processing facilities; and (4 ) other professional and technical computer-related advice

and services.

Illustrative Examples:

Computer facilities management services Custom computer programming services Computer hardware or soft ware consulting services

Software installation services Computer systems integration design services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling computer hardware or software products from retail-like locations and providing supporting services, such as customized assembly of personal co mputers--are classified in Industry 44314, Electronics and Appliance Stores;

 Merchant wholesaling computer hardware or software products and providing supporting services, such as customized assembly of personal co mputers--are classified in Indust ry 42343, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers;

 Publishing packaged software--are classified in Industry 51121, Software Publishers; and Providing computer data processing services at thei r own facility for others--are classified in Industry 51821, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services.

541511 Custom Computer Programming Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in writing, modifying, testing, and supporting software to meet the needs of a particular customer.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Publishing packaged software--are classified in Industry 511210, Software Publishers; and

 Planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies, even though such establishments may provide custom software as an integral part of their services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services.

541512 Computer Systems Design Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies. The hardware and software components of the system may be provided by this establishment or co mpany as part of integrated services or may be provided by third parties or vendors. These establishments often in stall the system and train and support users of the system.

Illustrative Examples:

Computer systems integration design consulting services Local area network (LAN) computer sy stems integration design services Information management computer systems integration design services Office automation computer systems integration design services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling computer hardware or software products and systems from retail-like locations, and providing supporting services, such as customized assembly of pe rsonal computers--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and

 Merchant wholesaling computer hardware or software products and providing supporting services, such as customized assembly of personal co mputers--are classified in Indust ry 423430, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers.

541513 Computer Facilities Management Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing on-site management and operation of clients' computer systems and/or data processing facilitie s. Establishments providing computer systems or data processing facilities support services are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing computer data processing services at their own facility for others are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services.

541519 Other Computer Related Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing computer related services (except custom programming, systems integration design, and faci lities management services). Establishments providing computer disaster recovery services or software installation services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Providing custom computer programming services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541511, Custom Computer Programming Services;

 Providing computer systems integration design services --are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services; and

 Providing computer systems and/or data processing f acilities management services--a re classified in U.S. Industry 541513, Computer Facilities Management Services.

5416 Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services T

54161 Management Consulting Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on management issues, such as strategic and organizational planning; financial planning and budgeting; marketing objectives and policies; human resource policies, practices, and planning; production scheduling; and control planning.

Illustrative Examples:

Actuarial, benefit, and compensation consulting services Marketing consulting services Administrative and general management consulting services Process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting services Human resources consulting services

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative services, such as financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, pers onnel, and physical distribution and logistics are classified in Industry 56111, Office Administrative Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing executive search, recruitment, and placement services are classified in Industry 56131, Employment Placeme nt Agencies and Executive Search Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise (except government establishments) are classified in Industry 55111, Management of Companies and Enterprises;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration;

 Establishments primarily engaged in professional and management development training are classified in Industry 61143, Professional and Management Development Training;

 Establishments primarily engaged in listing employment vacancies and in selecting, referring, and placing applicants in employment are classi fied in Industry 56131, Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in developing and implementing public relations plans are classified in Industry 54182, Public Relations Agencies;

 Establishments primarily engaged in developing an d conducting marketing research or public opinion polling are classified in Industry 54191, Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling;

 Establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing industrial processes and systems are classified in Industry 54133, Engineering Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing computer systems are classified in Industry 54151, Computer Systems Design and Related Services; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing financ ial investment advice services are classified in Industry 52393, Investment Advice.

541611 Administrative Management and Gene ral Management Consulting ServicesThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on administrative manageme nt issues, such as financial planning and budgeting, equity and asset management, records management, office planning, strategic and organizational planning, site selection, new business startup, and business process improvement. This industry also includes establishments of general management consultants that provide a full range of administrative; human resource; marketing; process, physical distribution, and logistics; or other management consulting services to clients.

Illustrative Examples:

Administrative management consulting services Site selection consulting services Financial management (except investment advice) consulting services Strategic planning consulting services General management consulting services

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative services, such as financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, person nel, and physical distribution and logistics, are classified in Industry 561110, Office Administrative Services;

 Establishments providing operations consulting services are classified in U.S. Industry 541614, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise (except government establis hments) are classified in U.S. Industry 551114, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing investment advice are classified in Industry 523930,

Investment Advice.

541612 Human Resources Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations in one or more of the following areas: (1) human resource and personnel policies, practices, and procedures; (2) employee benefits planning, communication, and administration; (3) compensation systems planning; and (4) wage and salary administration.

Illustrative Examples:

Benefit or compensation consulting services Employee assessment consulting services Personnel management consulting services Human resources consulting services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing professional and management development training--are classified in Industry 611430, Professional and Management Development Training;

 Listing employment vacancies and in selecting, referring, and placing applicants in employment--are classified in U.S. Industry 5613 11, Employment Placement Agencies; and

 Providing executive search, recruitm ent, and placement services--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 561312,

Executive Search Services.

541613 Marketing Consulting ServicesThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on marketing issues, such as developing marketing objectives and policies, sales forecasting, new product developing an d pricing, licensing and franchise pl anning, and marke ting planning and

strategy.

Illustrative Examples:

Customer services management consulting services New product development consulting services Marketing management consulting services Sales management consulting services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Developing and implementing public relations plans--are classified in Industry 541820, Public Relations Agencies; and

 Developing and conducting marketing research or public opinion polling--are classified in Industry 541910, Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling.

541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations in areas, such as: (1) manufacturing operations improvement; (2) productivity improvement; (3) production planning and control; (4) quality assurance and quality control; (5) inventory management; (6) distribution networks; (7) warehouse use, operations, and utilization; (8) transportation and shipment of goods and materials; and (9) materials management and handling.

Illustrative Examples:

Freight rate or tariff rate consulting services Productivity improvement consulting services Inventory planning and control management consulting services Transportation management consulting services Manufacturing management consulting services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Planning and designing industrial processes and systems--are classified in Industry 541330, Engineering Services; and

 Providing computer systems integration design services --are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services.

541618 Other Management Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing management consulting services (except administrative and general management consulting; human resources consulting; marketing consulting; or process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting). Establishments providing telecommunications or utilities management consulting services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing administrative and general management cons ulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541611, Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services;

 Providing human resources consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources Consulting Services; Providing marketing consulting services--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing Consulting Services; and

 Providing process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541614, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services.

54162 Environmental Consulting Services T
See industry description for 541620 below.

541620 Environmental Co nsulting Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on environmental issues, such as the control of environmental contamination from pollutants, toxic substances, and hazardous materials. These estab lishments identify problems (e.g., inspect buildings for hazardous materials), measure and evaluate risks, and recommend solutions . They employ a multidisciplined staff of scientists, engineers, and other technicians with ex pertise in areas, such as air and water quality, asbestos contamination, remediation, and environmental law. Establishments providing sanitation or site remediation consulting services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Environmental remediation--are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services; and

 Providing environmental engineering services--are classified in Industry 541330, Engineering Services.

54169 Other Scientific and T echnical Consulting Services T
See industry description for 541690 below.

541690 Other Scientific and T echnical Consulting Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on scientific and technical issues (except environmental).

Illustrative Examples:

Agricultural consulting services Motion picture consulting services Biological consulting services Physics consulting services Chemical consulting services Radio consulting services Economic consulting services Safety consulting services Energy consulting services Security consulting services

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in environmental consulting are classified in Industry 541620, Environmental Consulting Services.

5417 Scientific Research and Development Services T

This industry group comprises establishments engaged in conducting original investigation undertaken on a systematic basis to gain new knowledge (research) and/or the application of research findings or other scientific knowledge for the creation of new or significantly improved products or processes (experimental development). The industries within this industry group are defined on the ba sis of the domain of research; that is, on the scientific expertise of the establishment.54171 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering , and Life Sciences T

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in conducting research and experimental development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences, such as agriculture, electronics, envir onmental, biology, botany, biotechnology, computers, chemistry, food, fisheries, forests, geology, health, mathematics, medicine, oceanography, pharmacy, physics, vete rinary, and other allied subjects.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing veterinary testing services--are classi fied in Industry 54194, Veterinary Services;

 Providing medical laboratory testing for humans--are classified in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories;

 Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary), such as acoustics or vibration testing, calibration testing, electrical and electronic testing, geotechnical testing, mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, or therma l testing--are classified in Industry 54138, Testing Laboratories; and

 Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except diagnostic use) and/or uncompounded medicinal chemicals and their derivatives (i.e., enzyme proteins and antibiotics for pharmaceutical use)--ar e classified in Industry 3254 1, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting biotechnology research and experimental development. Biotechnology research and experimental development involves the study of the use of microorganisms and cellular and biomolecular processes to develop or alter living or non-living materials. This research and development in biotechnology may result in development of new biotechnology processes or in prototypes of new or genetically-altered products that may be reproduced, utilized, or implemented by various

industries.

Illustrative Examples:

Recombinant DNA research and experi mental development laboratories DNA technologies (e.g., microarrays) research and experimental development laboratories Cloning research and experimental development laboratories Protein engineering research and experimental development laboratories Nucleic acid chemistry research and ex perimental development laboratories Nanobiotechnologies research and experimental development laboratories

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Conducting research and experimental development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences (except biotechnology)--are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology);

 Providing veterinary testing services--are classi fied in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services;

 Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary), such as acoustics or vibration testing, calibration testing, electrical and electronic testing, geotechnical testing, mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, or therma l testing--are classified in Industry 541380, Testing Laboratories;

 Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except diagnostic use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325414, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; and

 Manufacturing uncompounded medici nal chemicals and their derivatives (i.e., enzyme proteins and antibiotics for pharmaceutical use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325411, Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing.541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engi neering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology)

This U.S. Industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in conducting research and experimental development (except biotechnology research and experimental development) in the physical, engineering, and life sciences, such as agriculture, electroni cs, environmental, biology, botany, computers, chemistry, food, fisheries, forests, geology, health, mathematics, medicine, oceanography, pharmacy, ph ysics, veterinary and other allied subjects.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary)--are classified in Industry 541380, Testing Laboratories;

 Providing medical laboratory testing for humans--are classified in U.S. Industry 621511, Medical Laboratories;

 Conducting research and experimental development in biotechnology--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 541711, Research and Development in Biotechnology; and

 Providing veterinary testing services--are classi fied in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services.

54172 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities T
See industry description for 541720 below.

541720 Research and Development in th e Social Sciences and Humanities

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in conducting research and analyses in cognitive development, sociology, psychology, language, behavior, economic, and other social science and humanities

research.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in marketing research are classified in Industry 541910, Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling.

5418 Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services T

54181 Advertising Agencies T
See industry description for 541810 below.

541810 Advertising Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio and television, or other media. These establishments are organized to provide a full range of services (i.e., through in-house capabilities or subcontracting), including advice, creative services, account management, production of advertising material, media planning, and buying (i.e., placing advertising).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Purchasing advertising space from media outlets and reselling it directly to advertising agencies or individual companies--are classified in Industry 541830, Media Buying Agencies;

 Conceptualizing and producing artwork or graphic designs without providing other advertising agency services--are classified in Industry 541430, Graphic Design Services;

 Creating direct mail advertising campaigns--are classifi ed in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising;

 Providing marketing consulting services--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing Consulting Services; and Selling media time or space for media owners as independent representativ es--are classified in Industry 541840, Media Representatives.

54182 Public Relations Agencies T
See industry description for 541820 below.

541820 Public Relations Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in designing and implementing public relations campaigns. These campaigns are designed to promote the interests and image of their clients. Establishments providing lobbying, political consulting, or public relations consulting are included in this industry.

54183 Media Buying Agencies T
See industry description for 541830 below.

541830 Media Buying Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in purchasing advertising time or space from media outlets and reselling it to advertising agen cies or individual companies directly.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling time and space to advertisers for media owners as independent representatives--are classified in Industry 541840, Media Representatives; and

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in media--are classified in Industry 541810, Advertising Agencies.

54184 Media Representatives T
See industry description for 541840 below.

541840 Media Representatives

This industry comprises establishments of independent representatives primarily engaged in selling media time or space for media owners.

Illustrative Examples:

Newspaper advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners) Radio advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners) Publishers' advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners) Television advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Purchasing advertising time or space from media outlets and reselling it directly to advertising agencies or individual companies--are classified in In dustry 541830, Media Buying Agencies; and

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in media--are classified in Industry 541810, Advertising Agencies.

54185 Outdoor Advertising T
See industry description for 541850 below.

541850 Outdoor Advertising

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in creating and designing public display advertising campaign materials, such as printed, painted, or electro nic displays; and/or placing such displays on indoor oroutdoor billboards and panels, or on or within transit vehicles or facilities, shopping malls, retail (in-store) displays, and other display structures or sites.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing sign lettering and painting services--are classi fied in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to Advertising;

 Printing paper on paperboard signs--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing;

 Erecting display boards--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; and

 Manufacturing electrical, mechanical, or plate signs and point-of-sale advertising displays--are classified in Industry 339950, Sign Manufacturing.

54186 Direct Mail Advertising T
See industry description for 541860 below.

541860 Direct Ma il Advertising

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in (1) creating and designing advertising campaigns for the purpose of distributing advertising materials (e.g., co upons, flyers, samples) or specialties (e.g., key chains, magnets, pens with customized messages imprinted) by mail or other direct distribution; and/or (2) preparing advertising materials or specialties for mailing or other dir ect distribution. These establishments may also compile, maintain, sell, and rent mailing lists.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 The direct distribution or de livery (e.g., door-to-door, windshield placement) of advertisements or samples- -are classified in Industry 541870, Ad vertising Material Distribution Services;

 Distributing advertising specialties for clients who wish to use such materials for promotional purposes--are classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to Advertising;

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in media--are classified in Industry 541810, Advertising Agencies;

 Compiling and selling mailing lists without providing dire ct mail advertising services--are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; and

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals.

54187 Advertising Material Distribution Services T
See industry description for 541870 below.

541870 Advertising Material Distribution Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in the direct distribution or delivery of advertisements (e.g., circulars, coupon s, handbills) or samples. Establishments in this industry use methods, such as delivering advertisements or samples door-to-door, placing flyers or coupons on car windshields in parking lots, or handing out samples in retail stores.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Creating and designing advertising campaigns for the purpose of distributing advertising materials or samples through the mail--are classified in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising;

 Publishing newspapers or operating television stations or on-line information services--are classified in Sector 51, Information; and

 Distributing advertising specialties (e.g., key chai ns, magnets, or pens with customized messages imprinted) to clients who wish to use such materials for promotional purposes--are classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to Advertising.54189 Other Services Related to Advertising T
See industry description for 541890 below.

541890 Other Services Related to Advertising

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing advertising services (except advertising agency services, public relations agency services, media buying agency services, media representative services, display advertising services, direct mail advertising se rvices, advertising material distribution services, and marketing consulting services).

Illustrative Examples:

Advertising specialties (e.g., key chains, magnets, pens) distribution services (except direct mail) Sign lettering and painting services Display lettering services Store window dressing or trimming services Mannequin decorating services Welcoming services (i.e., advertising services)

Merchandise demonstration services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in newspapers, television, or other media--are classified in Industry 541 810, Advertising Agencies;

 Designing and implementing public relations campaigns--are classified in Industry 541820, Public Relations Agencies;

 Purchasing advertising time or space from media outlets and reselling it directly to advertising agencies or individual companies--are classified in Industry 541830, Media Buying Agencies;

 Selling media time or space for media owners as independent representativ es--are classified in Industry 541840, Media Representatives;

 Providing display advertising services (except aeria l)--are classified in Industry 541850, Outdoor Advertising;

 Providing direct distribution or delivery (e.g., door-to-door, windshield placement) of advertisements or samples--are classified in Industry 541870 , Advertising Material Distribution Services;

 Providing direct mail advertising services--are classi fied in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising;

 Publishing newspapers or operating television stations or on-line information services--are classified in Sector 51, Information; and

 Providing marketing consulting services--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing Consulting

Services.

5419 Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services T

This industry group comprises establishments engaged in professional, scientific, an d technical services (except legal services; accounting, tax preparation, bookk eeping, and related services; archit ectural, engineering, and related services; specialized design services; computer systems design and related services; management, scientific, and technical consulting services; scientific research and development services; and advertising, public relations and related services).

54191 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling T
See industry description for 541910 below.

541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in systematically gathering, recording, tabulating, and presenting marketing and public opinion data.Illustrative Examples:

Broadcast media rating services Political opinion polling services Marketing analysis or research services Statistical sampling services Opinion research services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing research and analysis in economics, sociology, and related fields--are classified in Industry 541720, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; and

 Providing advice and counsel on marketing strategies--are classified in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing Consulting Services.

54192 Photographic Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing still, video, or digital photography services. These establishments may specialize in a par ticular field of photography , such as commercial and industrial photography, portrait photography, and special events photography. Commercial or portrait photography studios are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing film and videotape for commercial exhibition or sale--are classified in Industry 51211, Motion Picture and Video Production;

 Developing still photographs--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing;

 Developing motion picture film--are classified in Industry 51219, Postproduction Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Taking, developing, and selling artistic, news, or other ty pes of photographs on a freelance basis, such as photojournalists--are classified in Industry 71151 , Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and

 Supplying and servicing automatic photography machines in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 81299, All Other Personal Services.

541921 Photography Studios, Portrait

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as portrait studios primarily engaged in providing still, video, or digital portrait photography services.

Illustrative Examples:

Home photography services School photography services Passport photography services Videotaping services for speci al events (e.g., weddings)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing film and videotape for commercial exhibition or sale--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video Production;

 Developing still photographs--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing;

 Developing motion picture film--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Taking, developing, and selling artistic, news, or other ty pes of photographs on a freelance basis, such as photojournalists--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and Supplying and servicing automatic photography machines in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services.

541922 Commercial Photography

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing commercial photography services, generally for advertising agencies, publishers, and other business and industrial users.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing film and videotape for commercial exhibition or sale--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video Production;

 Developing still photographs--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing;

 Developing motion picture film--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Taking, developing, and selling artistic, news, or other ty pes of photographs on a freelance basis, such as photojournalists--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and

 Supplying and servicing automatic photography machines in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services.

54193 Translation and Interpretation Services T
See industry description for 541930 below.

541930 Translation and Interpretation Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in translating written material and interpreting speech from one language to another and establishments primarily engaged in providing sign language services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing transcription services--are classified in Industry 561410, Document Preparation Services;

 Providing real-time (i.e., simultaneous) closed captioning services for live television performances, at meetings and conferences--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 561492, Court Reporting and Stenotype Services;

 Providing film or tape closed captioning services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services; and

 Analyzing handwriting--are classified in Industry 5419 90, All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services.

54194 Veterinary Services T
See industry description for 541940 below.

541940 Veterinary Services

This industry comprises establishments of licensed ve terinary practitioners primarily engaged in the practice of veterinary medicine, dentistry, or surgery for animals; and establishments primarily engaged in providing testing services for licensed veterinary practitioners.

Illustrative Examples:

Animal hospitals Veterinary clinics

Veterinarians' offices Veterinary testing laboratories

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Providing veterinary research and development servi ces--are classified in Indu stry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences;

 Providing nonveterinary pet care servi ces, such as boarding or grooming pets--are classified in Industry 812910, Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services;

 Providing animal breeding services or boarding horses--are classified in Industry 115210, Support Activities for Animal Production; and

 Transporting pets--are classified in U.S. In dustry 485991, Special Needs Transportation.

54199 All Other Professional, Sc ientific, and Technical Services T
See industry description for 541990 below.

541990 All Other Professional, Scie ntific, and Technical Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in the provision of professional, scientific, or technical services (except legal services; accoun ting, tax preparation, b ookkeeping, and related services; architectural, engineering, and related services; specialized design se rvices; computer systems design and related services; management, scientific, and technical consulting services; sc ientific research and development services; advertising, public relations and related services; market research and public opinion polling; photographic services; translation and interpretation services; and veterinary services).

Illustrative Examples:

Appraisal (except real estate) services Marine surveyor (i.e., appraiser) services Arbitration and conciliation services (except by lawyer, attorney, or paralegal offices) Patent broker services (i.e., patent marketing services) Commodity inspector services Pipeline or power line inspection (i.e., visual) services Consumer credit counseling services Weather forecasting services Handwriting analysis services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing legal services--are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal Services;

 Providing accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services--are classified in Industry Group 5412, Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services;

 Providing architectural, engineerin g, and related services--are classified in Industry Group 5413, Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services;

 Providing specialized design services--are classified in Industry Group 5414, Specialized Design Services;

 Providing computer systems design and related services --are classified in Indust ry Group 5415, Computer Systems Design and Related Services;

 Providing management, scientific, and technical consultin g services--are classified in Industry Group 5416, Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services;

 Providing scientific research and development services --are classified in Industry Group 5417, Scientific Research and Development Services;

 Providing advertising and related services--are classified in Industry Group 5418, Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services;

 Providing marketing research and public opinion pollin g--are classified in I ndustry 541910, Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling;

 Providing photographic services--are classified in Industry 54192, Photographic Services;

 Providing translation and interpretation services--are classified in Industry 541930, Translation and Interpretation Services;

 Providing veterinary services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services; and

 Providing real estate appraisal se rvices--are classified in Industry 531320, Offices of Real Estate Appraisers.

## Sector 55--Management of Companies and Enterprises T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Management of Companies and Enterprises sector comprises (1) establishments that hold the securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and enterprises for th e purpose of owning a controlling interest or influencing management decisions or (2) establishments (except government establishments) that administer, oversee, and manage establishments of the company or enterprise and that normally undertake the strategic or organizational planning and decision making role of the company or ente rprise. Establishments that administer, oversee, and manage may hold the securities of the company or enterprise. Establishments in this sector perform essential activitie s that are often undertaken in-house by establishments in many sectors of the economy. By consolidating the pe rformance of these activities of the enterprise at one establishment, economies of scale are achieved. Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration. Establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative services, such as financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, personnel, and physical distribution and logistics are classified in Industry 56111, Office Administrative Services.

551 Management of Companies and Enterprises T

Industries in the Management of Companies and Enterprises subsector include three main types of establishments: (1) those that hold the securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and en terprises; (2) those (except government establishments) that administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise but do not hold the securities of these establishments; and (3) those that both administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise and hold the securities of (or other equity interests in) these establishments. Those establishments that administer, oversee, and manage normally undertake the strategic or organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise.

5511 Management of Companies and Enterprises T

55111 Management of Companies and Enterprises T

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a controlling interest or influencing the management decisions or (2) establishments (except government establishments) that administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise and that normally undertake the strategic or organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. Esta blishments that administer, oversee, and manage may hold the securities of the company or enterprise.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in holding the secu rities of companies or enterprises and operating these entities are classified according to the business operated;

 Establishments primarily engaged in holding the secu rities of depository banks and operating these entities are classified in Industry Group 5221, Depository Credit Intermediation;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing a single service to other establishments of the company or enterprise, such as trucking, warehousing, research and development, and data processing are classified according to the service provided; and

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration.

551111 Offices of Bank Holding Companies

This U.S. industry comprises legal entities known as bank holding companies primarily engaged in holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a controlling interestor influencing the management decisions of these firms. The holding companies in this industry do not administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they hold.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Holding the securities of (or other equity interest s in) a company or enterprise and administering, overseeing, and managing establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they hold--are classified in U.S. Industry 551114, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices; and

 Holding the securities of depository banks and opera ting these entities--are classified in Industry Group 5221, Depository Credit Intermediation.

551112 Offices of Other Holding Companies

This U.S. industry comprises legal entities known as holding companies (except bank holding) primarily engaged in holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a controlling interest or influencing the management decisions of these firms. The holding companies in this industry do not administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they

hold.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Holding the securities of (or other equity interest s in) depository banks for the purpose of owning a controlling interest or influencing the management decisi ons of these firms--are classified in U.S. Industry 551111, Offices of Bank Holding Companies;

 Holding the securities of (or other equity interest s in) a company or enterprise and administering, overseeing, and managing establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they hold--are classified in U.S. Industry 551114, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices; and

 Holding the securities of co mpanies or enterprises and operating th ese entities--are classified according to the business operated.

551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except government establishments) primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise. These establishments normally undertake the strategic or organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. Establishments in this industry may hold the securities of the company or enterprise.

Illustrative Examples:

Centralized administrative offices

Head offices Corporate offices Holding companies that manage

District and re gional offices Subsidiary management offices

Cross-References.

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration;

 Legal entities known as bank holding companies that do not administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the companies or enterprises whose se curities they hold are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 551111, Offices of Bank Holding Companies; and

 Legal entities known as holding companies (except bank holding) that do not administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the companies or enterp rises whose securities they hold are classified in U.S. Industry 551112, Offices of Other Holding Companies.

## Sector 56--Administrative and Support and Waste Management and

Remediation Services T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Administrative and Support and Waste Manage ment and Remediation Services sector comprises establishments performing routine support activities for the day-to-day operations of other organizations. These essential activities are often undertaken in-house by es tablishments in many sectors of the economy. The establishments in this sector specialize in one or more of these support activities and provide these services to clients in a variety of industries and, in some cases, to households. Activities performed include: office administration, hiring and placing of personnel, document preparation and si milar clerical services, solicitation, collection, security and surveillance services, cleaning, and waste disposal services. The administrative and management activities performed by establishments in this sector are typically on a contract or fee basis. These activities may also be perform ed by establishments that are part of the company or enterprise. However, establishments involved in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise are classified in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. Establishments in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprise s normally undertake the st rategic and organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. Government establishments engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration.

561 Administrative and Support Services T

Industries in the Administrative and Support Services subsector group establishments engaged in activities that support the day-to-day operations of other organizations. The processes employed in this sector (e.g., general management, personnel administration, clerical activities, cl eaning activities) are often integral parts of the activities of establishments found in all sectors of the economy. The establishments classified in this subsector have specialization in one or more of these activities and can, therefore, provide services to clients in a variety of industries and, in some cases, to households. The individual industries of this subsector are defined on the basis of the particular process that they are engaged in and the particular services they provide. Many of the activities performed in this subsector ar e ongoing routine support functions that all businesses and organizations must do and that they have traditionally done for themselves. Recent trends, however, are to contract or purchase such servi ces from businesses that specialize in such activ ities and can, therefore, provide the services more efficiently.

The industries in this subsector cannot be viewed as strictly "support." The Trav el Arrangement and Reservation Services industry group includes travel agents, tour oper ators, and providers of other travel arrangement services, such as hotel and restaurant reservations and arranging the purchase of tickets, serving many types of clients, including individual consumers. This group was placed in this subsector b ecause the services are often of the "support" nature (e.g., travel arrangement) and businesses and other organizations are increasingly the ones purchasing such services. The administrative and management activities performed by establishments in this sector are typically on a contract or fee basis. These activities may also be perform ed by establishments that are part of the company or enterprise. However, establishments involved in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise are classified in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. Establishments in Sector 55 normally undertake the strategic and organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. Government establishments engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration.

5611 Office Administrative Services T

56111 Office Administrative Services T
See industry description for 561110 below.

561110 Office Administrative ServicesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative services, such as financial planning; billing and recordkeeping; personnel; and physical distribution and logistics for others on a contract or fee basis. These establishments do not provide operating staff to carry out the complete operations of a business.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Holding the securities or financial assets of companie s and enterprises for the purpose of controlling them and influencing their management decisions--are classified in U.S. Industry 551111, Offices of Bank Holding Companies or U.S. Industry 551112, Offices of Other Holding Companies;

 Administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise (except government establishments)--are classified in U.S. Industry 551114, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices;

 Providing computer facilities management--are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 541513, Computer Facilities Management Services;

 Providing construction management--are classified in Sector 23, Construction, by type of construction project managed;

 Providing farm management--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services;

 Managing real property for others--are classified in Industry 53131, Real Estate Property Managers;

 Providing food services management at institutional, governmental, commercial, or industrial locations--are classified in Industry 722310, Food Service Contractors;

 Providing management advice without day-to-day management--are classified in Industry 54161, Management Consulting Services;

 Providing both management and operating staff for the co mplete operation of a clie nt's business, such as a hotel, restaurant, mine site, or hospital--are classified according to the industry of the establishment operated; and

 Providing only one of the support serv ices (e.g., accounting services) that establishments in this industry provide--are classified in th e appropriate industry accordi ng to the service provided.

5612 Facilities Support Services T

56121 Facilities Support Services T
See industry description for 561210 below.

561210 Facilities Support Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating staff to perform a combination of support services within a client's facilities. Establishm ents in this industry typically provide a combination of services, such as janitorial, maintenance, trash disposal, guard and security, mail routi ng, reception, laundry, and related services to support operations within facilities. These establishments provide operating staff to carry out these support activities; but are not involved with or responsible for the core business or activities of the client. Establishments providing facilities (except computer and/ or data processing) operation support services and establishments providing private jail services or operating co rrectional facilities (i.e., jails) on a contract or fee basis are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing only one of the support services (e.g., janitorial services) that establishments in this industry provide are cla ssified in the appropriate industry according to the service provided;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing manage ment and operating staff for the complete operation of a client's establishment, such as a hotel, restaura nt, mine, or hospital, are classified according to the industry of the establishment operated;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing on-site management and operation of a client's computer systems and/or data processing facilities are classi fied in U.S. Industry 541513, Computer Facilities Management Services; and Governmental correctional institutions are classified in Industry 922140, Correctional Institutions.

5613 Employment Services T

56131 Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: 1) listing employment vacancies and referring or placing appli cants for employment; or 2) providing executive s earch, recruitment, and placement services.

Illustrative Examples:

Employment agencies Executive placement services

Executive search services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's business--are classified in Industry 56132, Temporary Help Services;

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 56133, Professional Employer Organizations;

 Providing advice and assistance on human resource and personnel policies, practices, and procedures; and employee benefits and compensation systems--are cl assified in Industry 54161, Management Consulting Services; and

 Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are classified in Industry 71141, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures.

561311 Employment Placement Agencies

This U.S. industry comprises esta blishments primarily engage d in listing employment vacancies and in referring or placing applicants for employment. The individuals referred or placed are not employees of the employment agencies.

Illustrative Examples:

Babysitting bureaus (i.e., registries) Employment registries Casting agencies or bureaus (i.e., motion picture, theatrical, video) Model registries Employment agencies

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing executive search, recruitm ent, and placement services--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 561312, Executive Search Services;

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's business--are classified in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services;

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 561330, Professional Employer Organizations; and

 Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures.

561312 Executive Search ServicesThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing executive search, recruitment, and placement services for clients with sp ecific executive and senior management position requirements. The range of services provided by these establishments may include de veloping a search strategy and position specification based on the culture and needs of the client; researching, iden tifying, screening, and interviewing candidates; verifying candidate qualifications; and assisting in final offer negotiations and assimilation of the selected candidate. The individuals identified, recruited, or placed are not employees of the execu tive search services establishments.

Illustrative Examples:

Senior executive search services Executive placement services

Executive search services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Listing employment vacancies and in referring or placing applicants for employment--are classified in U.S. Industry 561311, Employm ent Placement Agencies;

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's business--are classified in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services;

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 561330, Professional Employer Organizations;

 Providing advice and assistance on human resource and personnel policies, practices, and procedures; and employee benefits and compensation systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources Consulting Services; and

 Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures.

56132 Temporary Help Services T
See industry description for 561320 below.

561320 Temporary Help Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in supplying workers to clients' businesses for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of the client. The individuals provided are employees of the temporary help service establishment. However, these establishments do not provide direct supervision of their employees at the clients' work sites.

Illustrative Examples:

Help supply services Model supply services Labor (except farm) contractors (i.e., personnel suppliers) Temporary employment or temporary staffing services Manpower pools

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 561330, Professional Employer Organizations;

 Supplying farm labor--are classified in U.S. Industry 115115, Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders;

 Providing operating staff to perform a combination of services to support operations within a client's facilities--are classified in Industry 561210, Facilities Support Services;

 Listing employment vacancies and referring or placing applicants for employment--are classified in U.S. Industry 561311, Employmen t Placement Agencies; and Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures.

56133 Professional Employer Organizations T
See industry description for 561330 below.

561330 Professional Employer Organizations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing human resources and human resource management services to client businesses. Establishments in this industry operate in a co-employment relationship with client businesses or organizations and are specialized in performing a wide range of human resource and personnel management duties, such as payroll, payroll tax, benefits administration, workers' compensation, unemployment, and human resource administration. Professional employer organizations (PEOs) are responsible for payroll, including withholding and remitting employment-related taxes, for some or all of the employees of their clients, and also serve as the employer of those employees for benefits and related purposes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's business--are classified in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services; and

 Listing employment vacancies and in referring or placing applicants for employment--are classified in U.S. Industry 561311, Employm ent Placement Agencies.

5614 Business Support Services T

This industry group comprises establishments engage d in performing activities that are ongoing routine business support functions that businesses and organizations traditionally do for themselves.

56141 Document Preparation Services T
See industry description for 561410 below.

561410 Document Preparation Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in one or more of the following: (1) letter or resume writing; (2) document editing or proofreading; (3) typing, word processing, or desktop publishing; and (4) stenography (except court reporting or stenotype record ing), transcription, and ot her secretarial services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing verbatim reporting and sten otype recording of live legal proceed ings and transcribing subsequent recorded materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 561492, Court Reporting and Stenotype Services;

 Performing prepress and postpress services in support of printing activities--are classified in Industry 323120, Support Activities for Printing;

 Providing document translation servi ces--are classified in Industry 541 930, Translation and Interpretation Services;

 Photocopying, duplicating, and other document copying services, with or without a range of other office support services (except printing)--ar e classified in U.S. In dustry 561439, Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops); and

 Providing document copying services in combination w ith printing services, with or without a range of other office support services, and esta blishments known as quick or digita l printers--are classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books).

56142 Telephone Call Centers TThis industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in answering telephone calls and relaying messages to clients and (2) establishments primarily engaged in provid ing telemarketing services on a contract or fee basis for others, such as promoting clients' products or services by telephone; taking orders for clients by telephone; and soliciting contributions or providing information for clients by telephone. Telemarketing establishments never own the product or provide the se rvice that they are representing and genera lly can originate and/or receive calls for

others.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing paging and beeper transmission services--are classified in Industry 51721, Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite);

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis, that may include telephone

solicitation services--are classifi ed in Industry 56149, Other Business Support Services; and

 Gathering, recording, tabulating, and presenting marketing and public opinion data, that may include telephone canvassing services--are classified in Industry 54191, Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling.

561421 Telephone Answering Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in answering telephone calls and relaying messages to clients.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing paging or beeper transmission services are classified in Industry 517210,Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite).

561422 Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers

This U.S. industry comprises esta blishments primarily engage d in operating call centers that initiate or receive communications for others via telephone, facsimile, email, or other communication modes for purposes such as: (1) promoting clients' products or services, (2) taking orders for clients, (3) soliciting contributions for a client; and (4) providing information or assistance regarding a client's products or services. These establishments do not own the product or provide the services they are representing on behalf of clients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Answering telephone calls and relaying messages to c lients--are classified in U.S. Industry 561421, Telephone Answering Services;

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis, that may include telephone

solicitation services--are classified in U.S. Indus try 561499, All Other Business Support Services; and

 Gathering, recording, tabulating, and presenting marketing and public opinion data, that may include telephone canvassing services--are classified in Indu stry 541910, Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling.

56143 Business Service Centers T

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing mailbox rental and other postal and mailing services (except direct mail advertising); (2) establishments, generally known as copy centers or shops, primarily engaged in providing photocopying, duplicating, blueprinting, and other document copying services without also providing printing services (i.e., offset printin g, quick printing, digital printing, prepress services); and (3) establishments that provide a range of office support services (except printin g services), such as mailing services, document copying services, facsimile se rvices, word processing services, on -site PC rental services, and office product sales.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Operating contract post offices--are cla ssified in Industry 49111, Postal Service;

 Delivering letters and parcels (except under a universal service obligation)-- are classified in Subsector 492, Couriers and Messengers;

 Providing voice mailbox services--are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call Centers;

 Providing direct mail advertising services--are classi fied in Industry 54186, Direct Mail Advertising;

 Providing full service office space, whet her on a lease or service contract basis--are classified in Industry 53112, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses);

 Providing document copying services in combination w ith printing services, with or without a range of other office support services, and es tablishments known as quick or digital printers--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing; and

 Providing only one of the support services (e.g., word processing services) that establishments in this industry provide--are classified in the appropria te industry according to the service provided.

561431 Private Mail Centers

This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing mailbox rental and other postal and mailing (except direct mail advertising) services or (2) establishments engaged in providing these mailing services along with one or more other office support servi ces, such as facsimile services , word processing services, on-site PC rental services, and office product sales.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating contract post offi ces--are classified in Industry 491110, Postal Service;

 Delivering letters and parcels (except under a universal service obligation)-- are classified in Subsector 492, Couriers and Messengers;

 Providing voice mailbox services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561421, Telephone Answering Services;

 Providing direct mail advertising services--are classi fied in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising;

 Providing only one of the support services (e.g., word processing services) that establishments in this industry provide--are classified in the appropriate industry according to the service provided; and

 Providing full service office space, whet her on a lease or service contract basis--are classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses).

561439 Other Business Service Cent ers (including Copy Shops)

This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments gene rally known as copy centers or shops primarily engaged in providing photocopying, duplicating, blueprinting, and other document copying services, without also providing printing services (e.g., offset printing, quick printing, digital printing, prepress services) and (2) establishments (except private mail centers) engaged in providing a range of office support services (exc ept printing services), such as document copying services, facsimile services, word pr ocessing services, on-site PC rental services, and office product sales.

Cross-References.

 Establishments engaged in providing document copyin g services in combination with printing services, with or without a range of other office support services, and establishments known as quick or digital printers are classified in U.S. Industry 323111 , Commercial Printing (exc ept Screen and Books);

 Establishments engaged in providing mailbox rental and other postal and mailing services with or without one or more other office support services (except printi ng) are classified in U.S. Industry 561431, Private Mail Centers;

 Establishments exclusively engaged in providing a si ngle office support service (except document copying) to clients, but not the range of office support services that establishments in this industry may provide, are classified according to the service provided; and

 Establishments engaged in providing full service office space, whether on a lease or service contract basis, are classified in Industry 5311 20, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses).56144 Collection Agencies T
See industry description for 561440 below.

561440 Collection Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in collecting payments for claims and remitting payments collected to their clients.

Illustrative Examples:

Account or delinquent account collection services

Tax collection services on a contract or fee basis

Bill or debt collection services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Repossessing tangible assets--are classified in U. S. Industry 561491, Repossession Services; and

 Providing financing to others by factoring accounts receivables (i.e., assuming th e risk of collection and credit losses)--are classified in U.S. Industry 52 2298, All Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation.

56145 Credit Bureaus T
See industry description for 561450 below.

561450 Credit Bureaus

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in compiling information, such as credit and employment histories on individuals and credit histories on businesses, and providing the information to financial institutions, retailers, and others who have a need to evaluate the creditworthiness of these persons and businesses.

Illustrative Examples:

Credit agencies Credit rating services Credit investigation services Credit reporting bureaus

56149 Other Business Support Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing business support services (except secretarial and other document preparation services; tele phone answering or telemarketing services; private mail services or document copying services conducted as separa te activities or in conjunction with other office support services; monetary debt collection se rvices; and credit reporting services).

Illustrative Examples:

Address bar coding services Mail presorting services Bar code imprinting services Real-time (i.e., simultaneous) closed captioning of live television pe rformances, meetings, conferences Court reporting services Repossession services Fundraising organization services on a contract or fee basis

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Providing secretarial and other document preparation serv ices--are classified in In dustry 56141, Document Preparation Services;

 Providing telephone answering or telemarketing services --are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call
Centers;

 Providing private mail services; document copying serv ices (except printing servi ces); and/or a range of office support services (except prin ting)--are classified in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers;

 Providing document copying services in combination w ith printing services, with or without a range of other office support services, and es tablishments known as quick or digital printers--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing;

 Providing monetary debt collection services--are classified in Industry 56144, Collection Agencies;

 Providing credit reporting servi ces--are classified in Industry 56145, Credit Bureaus; and

 Providing film or tape captioning or subtitling servi ces--are classified in Industry 51219, Postproduction

Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries.

561491 Repossession Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repossessing tangible assets (e.g., automobiles, boats, equipment, planes, furniture, appliances) fo r the creditor as a result of delinquent debts.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing monetary debt collection services are cl assified in Industry 561440, Collection Agencies.

561492 Court Reporting and Stenotype Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing verbatim reporting and stenotype recording of live legal proceedings and transcribing subsequent recorded materials.

Illustrative Examples:

Court reporting or stenot ype recording services Real-time (i.e., simultaneous) closed captioning of live television pe rformances, meetings, conferences Public stenography services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing stenotype recording of correspondence, reports, and other documents or in providing document transcription services--are classified in Indus try 561410, Document Preparation Services; and

 Providing film or tape captioning or subtitling serv ices--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services.

561499 All Other Business Support Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing business support services (except secretarial and other document preparation services; teleph one answering and telemarket ing services; private mail services or document copying services conducted as separa te activities or in conjunction with other office support services; monetary debt collection serv ices; credit reporting services; repossessi on services; and court reporting and stenotype recording services).

Illustrative Examples:

Address bar coding services Fundraising organization services on a contract or fee basis Bar code imprinting services Mail presorting servicesCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing secretarial and other document preparatio n services--are classified in Industry 561410, Document Preparation Services;

 Providing telephone answering or telemarketing services --are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call
Centers;

 Providing private mail services, document copying serv ices without printing services and/or a range of office support services--are classified in I ndustry 56143, Business Service Centers;

 Providing document copying services in combination w ith printing services (with or without one or more other office support services) and esta blishments known as quick or digita l printers--are classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books);

 Providing monetary debt collection services--are cl assified in Industry 561440, Collection Agencies;

 Providing credit reporting serv ices--are classified in Indu stry 561450, Credit Bureaus;

 Providing repossession services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561491, Repossession Services; and

 Providing court reporting and stenotype services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561492, Court Reporting and Stenotype Services.

5615 Travel Arrangement an d Reservation Services T

56151 Travel Agencies T
See industry description for 561510 below.

561510 Travel Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents in selling travel, tour, and accommodation services to the general public and commercial clients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Arranging and assembling tours that they generally sell through travel agencies or on their own account-- are classified in Industry 561520, Tour Operators;

 Providing guide services, such as archeological, museum, tourist, hunting, or fishing--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and

 Providing reservation services (e.g., accommodations, en tertainment events, travel)--are classified in U.S. Industry 561599, All Other Travel A rrangement and Reservation Services.

56152 Tour Operators T
See industry description for 561520 below.

561520 Tour Operators

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in arranging and assembling tours. The tours are sold through travel agencies or tour operators. Travel or wholesale to ur operators are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Acting as agents in selling travel, tour, and accommoda tion services to the general public and commercial

clients--are classified in Indu stry 561510, Travel Agencies;

 Conducting scenic and sightseeing tours--are classi fied in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation; and

 Providing guide services, such as archeological, museum, tourist, hunting, or fishing--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries.

56159 Other Travel Arrange ment and Reservation Services TThis industry comprises establishments (except travel agencies and tour operators) primarily engaged in providing travel arrangement and reservation services.

Illustrative Examples:

Condominium time-share exchange services

Road and travel services automobile clubs

Convention or visitors bureaus Ticket (e.g., airline, bus, cruise ship, sports, theatrical) offices Reservation (e.g., airline, car re ntal, hotel, restaurant) services Ticket (e.g., amusement, sports, theatrical) agencies

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in arranging the rent al of vacation properties ar e classified in Industry 53121, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers;

 Travel agencies are classified in Industry 56151, Travel Agencies;

 Tour operators are classified in Industry 56152, Tour Operators;

 Automobile clubs (i.e., enthusiasts' clubs) (except road an d travel services) are classi fied in Industry 81341, Civic and Social Organizations; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as business and trade shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place) , are classified in Indust ry 56192, Convention and Trade Show Organizers.

561591 Convention and Visitors Bureaus

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in marketing and promoting communities and

facilities to businesses and leisure travel ers through a range of activities, such as assisting organizations in locating meeting and convention sites; providing travel information on area attractions, lodging accommodations, restaurants; providing maps; and organizing group tours of local historical, recreational, and cultural attractions.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as business and trade shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place) are classi fied in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show Organizers.

561599 All Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except travel agencies, tour operators , and convention and visitors bureaus) primarily engaged in providing travel arrangement and reservation services.

Illustrative Examples:

Condominium time-share exchange services Ticket (e.g., airline, bus, cruise ship, sports, theatrical) offices Reservation (e.g., airline, car re ntal, hotel, restaurant) services Ticket (e.g., amusement, sports, theatrical) agencies

Road and travel services automobile clubs

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in arranging the rent al of vacation properties ar e classified in Industry 531210, Offices of Real Es tate Agents and Brokers; Travel agencies are classified in Industry 561510, Travel Agencies;

 Tour operators are classified in Industry 561520, Tour Operators;

 Convention and visitors bureaus are classified in U.S. Industry 561591, Convention and Visitors Bureaus;

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as business and trade shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place) are classified in Indust ry 561920, Co nvention and Trade Show Organizers; and

 Automobile clubs (i.e., enthusiasts' clubs) (except road and travel services) are classified in Industry 813410, Civic and So cial Organizations.

5616 Investigation and Security Services T

56161 Investigation, Guard, and Armored Car Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) investigation and detective services; (2) guard and patrol services; and (3) picking up and delivering money, receipts, or other valuable items with personnel and eq uipment to protect such pr operties while in transit.

Illustrative Examples:

Armored car services

Private detective services Bodyguard services Security guard services Polygraph services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing credit checks--are classified in Industry 56145, Credit Bureaus; and

 Selling, installing, monitoring, and maintaining security systems and devices (e.g., burglar and fire alarm systems)--are classified in Industry 56162, Security Systems Services.

561611 Investigation Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing investigation and detective services.

Illustrative Examples:

Fingerprinting services

Private detective services Polygraph services Private investigative services

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing credit checks are classified in Industry 561450, Credit Bureaus.

561612 Security Guards and Patrol Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing guard and patrol services, such as bodyguard, guard dog, and parking security services.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in selling, installing, monitoring, and maintaining security systems and devices, such as burglar and fire alarms and locking devices, are classified in Industry 56162, Security Systems Services.561613 Armored Car Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in picking up and delivering money, receipts, or other valuable items. These establishments maintain pers onnel and equipment to protect such properties while in

transit.

56162 Security Systems Services T

This industry comprises establishments engaged in (1) se lling security systems, such as burglar and fire alarms and locking devices, along with installation, repair, or mon itoring services or (2) remo te monitoring of electronic security alarm systems.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling security systems for buildings without installation, repair, or monitoring services--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade;

 Retailing motor vehicle security systems with or withou t installation or repair se rvices--are classified in Industry 44131, Auto motive Parts and Accessories Stores; and

 Providing key duplication services--are classified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

561621 Security Systems Serv ices (except Locksmiths)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) selling secur ity alarm systems, such as burglar and fire alarms, along with installation, repair, or monitoring services or (2) remote monitoring of electronic security alarm systems.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling security alarm systems for buildings, without installation, repair, or monitoring services--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trad e or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; and

 Retailing motor vehicle security systems with or withou t installation or repair se rvices--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores.

561622 Locksmiths

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in (1) selling mech anical or electronic locking devices, safes, and security vaults, along with installation, repair, rebuilding, or adjusting services or (2) installing, repairing, rebuilding, and adjusting mechanical or electronic locking devi ces, safes, and security vaults.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling security systems, such as locking devices, sa fes, and vaults, without installation or maintenance services--are classified in Sector 42, Wholes ale Trade or Sector 44 -45, Retail Trade; and

 Providing key duplication services--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

5617 Services to Buildings and Dwellings T

56171 Exterminati ng and Pest Control Services T
See industry description for 561710 below.

561710 Exterminati ng and Pest Control ServicesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in exterminating and controlling birds, mosquitoes, rodents, termites, and other insects and pests (except for crop production and forestry production). Establishments providing fumigation services are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing pest control for crop or forestry production are classified in Subsector 115, Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry.

56172 Janitorial Services T
See industry description for 561720 below.

561720 Janitorial Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in cleaning building interiors, interiors of transportation equipment (e.g., aircraft, rail cars, ships), and/or windows.

Illustrative Examples:

Custodial services Service station cleaning and degreasing services Housekeeping (i.e., cleaning) services

Washroom sanitation services Maid (i.e., cleaning) services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Cleaning building exteriors (except sandblasting and wi ndow cleaning) or chimne ys--are classified in Industry 561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; and

 Sandblasting building exteriors--are classified in In dustry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors.

56173 Landscaping Services T
See industry description for 561730 below.

561730 Landscaping Services

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing landscape care and maintenance services and/or installing trees, shrubs, plants, lawns, or gardens and (2) establishments primarily engaged in providing these services along with the design of landscape plans and/or the construction (i.e., installation) of walkways, retaining walls, decks, fences, ponds, and similar structures.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing artificial turf or in constr ucting (i.e., installing) walkways, re taining walls, decks, fences, ponds, or similar structures--are classified in Sector 23, Construction;

 Planning and designing the development of land areas for projects, such as parks and other recreational areas; airports; highways; hospitals; sc hools; land subdivisions; and commercial, industrial, and residential areas (without also installing trees, shrubs, plants, la wns/gardens, walkways, retaining walls, decks, and similar items or structures)--are classified in I ndustry 541320, Landscape Architectural Services; and

 Retailing landscaping materials and providing the installation and maintenance of these materials--are classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores.

56174 Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning Services T
See industry description for 561740 below.

561740 Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning ServicesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cleaning and dyeing used rugs, carpets, and upholstery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Rug repair not associated with rug cleaning--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and

 Reupholstering and repairing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair.

56179 Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings T
See industry description for 561790 below.

561790 Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services to buildings and dwellings (except exterminating and pest control; janitorial; landscaping car e and maintenance; and carpe t and upholstery cleaning).

Illustrative Examples:

Building exterior cleaning services (except sandblasting and window cleaning) Swimming pool cleaning and maintenance services Chimney cleaning services Ventilation duct cleaning services Drain or gutter cleaning services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing exterminating and pest control services--ar e classified in Industry 561710, Exterminating and Pest Control Services;

 Providing janitorial services-- are classified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services;

 Providing landscaping care and maintenance--are cla ssified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services;

 Providing carpet and upholstery clean ing services--are classified in Industry 561740, Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning Services; and

 Sandblasting building exteriors--are classified in In dustry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors.

5619 Other Support Services T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing day-to-day business and other organizational support services (except office administrative services; facilities support services; employment services; business support serv ices; travel arrangement and reservation serv ices; security and investigation services; and services to buildings and dwellings).

56191 Packaging and Labeling Services T
See industry description for 561910 below.

561910 Packaging and Labeling Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in packaging client-owned materials. The services may include labeling and/or imprinting the package.

Illustrative Examples:

Apparel and textile foldin g and packaging services Kit assembling and packaging servicesBlister packaging services Shrink-wrapping services Gift wrapping services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Processing client-owned materials into a different product, such as mixing water and concentrate to produce soft drinks--are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing;

 Providing aerosol packaging services --are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

 Providing packing and crating services incidental to tr ansportation--are classified in U.S. Industry 488991, Packing and Crating;

 Providing warehousing services, as well as packaging or other logistics services--are classified in Industry Group 4931, Warehousing and Storage; and

 Providing packing and crating services for agricultural products--are classified in U.S. Industry 115114, Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning).

56192 Convention and Trade Show Organizers T
See industry description for 561920 below.

561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as business and trade shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place).

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as festivals (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place), are classified in Industry Gro up 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events.

56199 All Other Support Services T
See industry description for 561990 below.

561990 All Other Support Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing day-to-day business and other organizational support services (except office administrative services, facilities support services, employment services, business support services, trav el arrangement and reservation services, security and investigation services, services to buildings and other structures, packaging and labeling services, and convention and trade show organizing services).

Illustrative Examples:

Bartering services Flagging (i.e., traffi c control) services Bottle exchanges Float decorating services Cloth cutting, bolting, or winding for the trade Inventory taking services Contract meter reading services Lumber grading services Diving services on a contract or fee basisCross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing office administrative servi ces--are classified in Industry 561 110, Office Administrative Services;

 Providing facilities support servi ces--are classified in Industry 561 210, Facilities Support Services;

 Providing employment services--are classified in Industry Group 5613, Employment Services;

 Providing business support services--are classified in Industry Group 5614, Business Support Services;

 Providing travel arrangement and reservation servi ces--are classified in In dustry Group 5615, Travel Arrangement and Rese rvation Services;

 Providing security and investigation services--are cl assified in Industry Group 5616, Investigation and Security Services;

 Providing services to buildings and other structures--a re classified in Industry Group 5617, Services to Buildings and Dwellings;

 Providing packaging and labeling services--are classi fied in Industry 561910, Packaging and Labeling Services; and

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conferences, conventions, and trade shows (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place)--are classified in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show Organizers.

562 Waste Management and Remediation Services T

Industries in the Waste Management and Remediation Services subsector group establishments engaged in the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials. This includes establishments engaged in local hauling of waste materials; operating materials recovery facilities (i.e ., those that sort recyclable materials from the trash stream); providing remediation services (i.e., those that provide for the cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil, or ground water); and providing septic pumping and other miscellaneous waste management services. There are three industry groups within the subsector that separate these activities into waste collection, waste treatment and disposal, and remediation and other waste management. Excluded from this subsector are establishments prim arily engaged in collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities that are classified in Industry 22132, Sewage Treatment Facilities and establishments primarily engaged in long-dist ance hauling of waste materials that are classified in Industry 48423, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance. Al so, there are some activities that appear to be related to waste management, but th at are not included in this subsector. For example, establishments primarily engaged in providing waste mana gement consulting services are classified in Industry 54162, Environmental Consulting Services.

5621 Waste Collection

56211 Waste Collection

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in (1) collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste, nonhazardous waste, and/or r ecyclable materials within a local area an d/or (2) operating hazar dous or nonhazardous

waste transfer stations. Hazardous waste collection esta blishments may be responsible for the identification, treatment, packaging, and labeling of waste for the purposes of transport.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 48423, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclab le materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., garbage) and/or for sorting commingled recyclable materi als, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans, into distinct categories--are classified in Indus try 56292, Materials Recovery Facilities; and

 Collecting and/or hauling in combination with disposal of waste materials--are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal.

562111 Solid Waste CollectionThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in one or more of the following: (1) collecting and/or hauling nonhazardous solid wast e (i.e., garbage) within a local area ; (2) operating nonhazardous solid waste transfer stations; and (3) collecting and/or haulin g mixed recyclable materials within a local area.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Speciali zed Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Collecting and/or hauling in combination with disposal of nonhazardous waste materials--are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste within a lo cal area and/or operating hazardous waste transfer

stations--are classified in U.S. Indust ry 562112, Hazardous Waste Collection;

 Collecting and removing debris, such as brush or rubble, within a local area--are classified in U.S. Industry 562119, Other Waste Collection; and

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclab le materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., garbage) and/or for sorting commingled recyclable materi als, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans, into distinct categories--are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities.

562112 Hazardous Waste Collection

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste within a local area and/or operating h azardous waste transfer stations. Haza rdous waste collection establishments may be responsible for the identification, treatment, packag ing, and labeling of waste for the purposes of transport.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Speciali zed Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Collecting and/or hauling in combina tion with disposal of hazardous waste materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 562211, Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Collecting and/or hauling n onhazardous solid waste (i.e., garbage) an d/or recyclable materials within a local area and/or operating nonhazard ous solid waste transfer stations-- are classified in U.S. Industry 562111, Solid Waste Collection; and

 Collecting and removing debris, such as brush or rubble, within a local area--are classified in U.S. Industry 562119, Other Waste Collection.

562119 Other Waste Collection

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in collecting and/or hauling waste (except

nonhazardous solid waste and hazardous waste) within a local area. Estab lishments engaged in brush or rubble removal services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Speciali zed Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Collecting and/or hauling in combination with disposal of waste materials--are classified in Industry Group 5622, Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Collecting and/or hauling n onhazardous solid waste (i.e., garbage) or mixed recyclable materials within a local area or operating nonh azardous solid waste transfer stations--ar e classified in U.S. Industry 562111, Solid Waste Collection;

 Collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste within a local area or operating h azardous waste transfer stations--are classified in U.S. Industry 562112, Hazardous Waste Collection; and

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclab le materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., garbage) and/or for sorting commingled recyclable materi als, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans, into distinct categories--are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities.5622 Waste Treatment and Disposal

56221 Waste Treatment and Disposal

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in (1) operating waste treatment or disposal facilities (except sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities) or (2 ) the combined activity of collecting and/or hauling of waste materials within a local area and operating waste tr eatment or disposal facilities. Waste combustors or incinerators (including those that may produce byproducts , such as electricity), solid waste landfills, and compost dumps are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through se wer systems or sewage tr eatment facilities--are classified in Industry 22132, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and

 Manufacturing compost--are classified in Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing.

562211 Hazardous Waste T reatment and Disposal

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating treatment and/or disposal facilities for hazardous waste or (2) the combined activity of collecting and/ or hauling of h azardous waste materials within a local area and operating treatment or di sposal facilities for hazardous waste.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating landfills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 562212, Solid Waste Landfill;

 Operating combustors and incinerators for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste- -are classified in U.S. Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators;

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through se wer systems or sewage tr eatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and

 Operating nonhazardous wast e treatment and disposal facilities (excep t landfills, combustors, incinerators, and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities )--are classified in U.S. Industry 562219, Other

Nonhazardous Waste Treat ment and Disposal.

562212 Solid Waste Landfill

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) operating landfills for the disposal of

nonhazardous solid waste or (2) the combined activity of collecting and/or hauling nonhazardous waste materials within a local area and operating landf ills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste. These establishments may produce byproducts, such as methane.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating treatment and/or disposal facilities for hazar dous waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 562211, Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Operating combustors and incinerators for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste- -are classified in U.S. Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators;

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through se wer systems or sewage tr eatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities;

 Operating nonhazardous wast e treatment and disposal facilities (excep t landfills, combustors, incinerators, and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities )--are classified in U.S. Industry 562219, Other Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; and

 Manufacturing compost--are classified in U.S. Indu stry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing.

562213 Solid Waste Combusto rs and IncineratorsThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in operating combusto rs and incinerators for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste. These establishments may produce byproducts, such as electricity and steam.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating treatment and/or disposal facilities for hazar dous waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 562211, Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Operating landfills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 562212, Solid Waste Landfill;

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through se wer systems or sewage tr eatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and

 Operating nonhazardous wast e treatment and disposal facilities (excep t landfills, combustors, incinerators, and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities )--are classified in U.S. Industry 562219, Other

Nonhazardous Waste Treat ment and Disposal.

562219 Other Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) operating nonhazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities (except landfills, combustors, incinerators and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities) or (2) the combined activity of collecting and/or hauling of nonh azardous waste materials within a local area and operating waste treatment or disposal facilities (except landfills, co mbustors, incinerators and sewer systems, or sewage treatment facilities). Compost dumps are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating landfills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 562212, Solid Waste Landfill;

 Operating combustors and incinerators for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste- -are classified in U.S. Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators;

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through se wer systems or sewage tr eatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and

 Manufacturing compost--are classified in U.S. Indu stry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing.

5629 Remediation and Other Wa ste Management Services

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in remediation and other waste management services (except waste collection, waste treatment and disposal, and waste management consulting services).

56291 Remediation Services See industry description for 562910 below.

562910 Remediation Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) remediation and cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil, or ground water; (2) integrated mine reclamation activities, including demolition, soil remediation, waste water treatme nt, hazardous material remo val, contouring land, and revegetation; and (3) asbestos, lead paint, and other toxic material abatement.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Developing remedial action plans--a re classified in Industry 541620, Environmental Consulting Services;

 Excavating soil--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors;

 Individual activities as part of a reclamation or remedi ation project--are classified according to the primary activity; Building modifications to alleviate radon gas--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; and

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste water throug h sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities.

56292 Materials Recovery Facilities See industry description for 562920 below.

562920 Materials Recovery Facilities

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in (1) operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclable materials from nonhazard ous waste streams (i.e., garbage) and/or (2) operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in merchant wholesal ing automotive, industrial, a nd other recyclable materials are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Materi al Merchant Wholesalers.

56299 All Other Waste Ma nagement Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in waste management services (except waste collection, waste treatment and disposal, remediation, operation of materials recovery facilities, and waste management consulting services).

Illustrative Examples:

Beach cleaning and maintenance services Pumping (i.e., cleaning) cesspools, portable toilets, or septic tanks Cesspool cleaning services Sewer cleaning and rodding services Portable toilet renting and/or servicing

Sewer or storm basin cleanout services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Collecting and/or hauling waste within a local area--a re classified in Industry 56211, Waste Collection;

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 48423, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Operating treatment or disposal facilities (except sewe r systems or sewage treatment facilities) for waste-- are classified in Industry 5622 1, Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through se wer systems or sewage tr eatment facilities--are classified in Industry 22132, Sewage Treatment Facilities;

 Remediation and cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil, or ground water--are classified in Industry 56291, Remediation Services;

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclab le materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., garbage) or where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans are sorted into distinct categories--are classified in In dustry 56292, Materials Recovery Facilities;

 Installing septic tanks--are cla ssified in Industry 23891, Site Preparation Contractors; and

 Providing waste management consulting services, such as developing remedial action plans--are classified in Industry 54162, Environmental Consulting Services.

562991 Septic Tank and Related ServicesThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) pumping (i.e., cleaning) septic tanks and cesspools and/or (2) renting and/or servicing portable toilets.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing septic tanks--are cla ssified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; and

 Cleaning and rodding sewers and cat ch basins--are classified in U. S. Industry 562998, All Other Miscellaneous Waste Management Services.

562998 All Other Miscellaneous Waste Management Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing waste management services (except waste collection, waste treatment and disposal, remediation, operation of materials reco very facilities, septic tank pumping and related services, and waste management consulting services).

Illustrative Examples:

Beach cleaning and maintenance services

Sewer or storm basin cleanout services Catch basin cleaning services Tank cleaning and disposal servi ces, commercial or industrial Sewer cleaning and rodding services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Collecting and/or hauling waste within a local area--a re classified in Industry 56211, Waste Collection;

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Speciali zed Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance;

 Operating treatment or disposal facilities (except sewe r systems or sewage treatment facilities) for waste-- are classified in Industry 5622 1, Waste Treatment and Disposal;

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through se wer systems or sewage tr eatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities;

 The remediation and cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil, or ground water--are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services;

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclab le materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., garbage) or for sorting commingled recyclable materials, such as pape r, plastics, and metal cans, into distinct categories--are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities;

 Pumping (i.e., cleaning) cesspools, portable toilets, and septic tanks or renting portable toilets--are classified in U.S. Industry 562991, Septic Tank and Related Services; and

 Providing waste management consulting services, such as developing remedial action plans--are classified in Industry 541620, Environmental Consulting Services.

## Sector 61--Educational Services T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Educational Services sector comprises establishments that provide instruction and training in a wide variety of subjects. This instruction and training is provided by specialized establishments, such as schools, colleges, universities, and training centers. Th ese establishments may be privately owned and operated for profit or not for profit, or they may be publicly owned and operated. They may also offer food and/or accommodation services to

their students. Educational services are usually delivered by teachers or instructors that explain, tell, demonstrate, supervise, and direct learning. Instruction is imparted in diverse settin gs, such as educational ins titutions, the workplace, or thehome, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distancelearning methods. The training provid ed by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods. It can be adapted to the particular needs of the students, for example sign language can replace verbal language for teaching students with hearing impairments. All industries in the sectorshare this commonality of process, namely, labor inputs of in structors with the requis ite subject matter expertise and teaching ability.

611 Educational Services T

Industries in the Educational Servi ces subsector provide instruction and traini ng in a wide variety of subjects. The instruction and training is provided by specialized esta blishments, such as schools, colleges, universities, and training centers. The subsector is structured according to level and ty pe of educational services. Elementary and secondary schools, junior colleges and colleges, universities, and professional schools correspond to a recognized series of formal levels of education designated by diplomas, associate degrees (including equivalent certificates), and degrees. The remaining industry groups are based more on the type of instruction or training offered and the levels are not always as formally defined. The establishments ar e often highly specialized, many offering instruction in a very limited subject matter, for example ski lessons or one specific computer software package. Within the sector, the level and types of training that are required of the instructors and t eachers vary depending on the industry. Establishments that manage schools and other educational establishments on a contractual basis are classified in this subsector if they both manage the operation and provid e the operating staff. Such es tablishments are classified in the Educational Services subsector based on the type of facility managed and operated.

6111 Elementary and Secondary Schools T

61111 Elementary and Secondary Schools See industry description for 611110 below.

611110 Elementary and Secondary Schools

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in furnishing academic c ourses and associated course work that comprise a basic preparatory education. A basic preparatory education ordinarily constitutes kindergarten through 12th grade. This industry includes school boards and school districts.

Illustrative Examples:

Elementary schools Parochial schools, elementary or secondary High schools Primary schools Kindergartens Schools for the physically disa bled, elementary or secondary Military academies, elementary or secondary

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in providing preschool or prekindergarten education are classified in Industry 624410, Child Day Care Services; and

 Military academies, college level are cl assified in Industry 611310, Colleges, Universities, and Professional

Schools.

6112 Junior Colleges T

61121 Junior Colleges T
See industry description for 611210 below.

611210 Junior Colleges

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in furnishing academic, or academic and technical, courses and granting associate degrees, ce rtificates, or diplomas below the baccal aureate level. The requirement for admission to an associate or equivalent degree program is at least a high school diploma or equivalent general academic training. Instruction may be provided in diverse se ttings, such as the establishm ent's or client's training facilities, educational institutions, the wo rkplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as co rrespondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-learning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods.

6113 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools T

61131 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools T
See industry description for 611310 below.

611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in furnishing academic c ourses and granting degrees at baccalaureate or graduate levels. The requirement for admi ssion is at least a high sc hool diploma or equivalent general academic training. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's training facilities, educational institu tions, the workplace, or the home, an d through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-lear ning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods.

Illustrative Examples:

Colleges (except junior colleges) Theological seminaries offering baccalaureate or graduate degrees Military academies, college level

Universities Professional schools (e.g., business administration, dental, law, medical)

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing academic, or academic and technical, courses and granting associate degrees, certificates, or dipl omas below the baccalaureate level are cl assified in Indust ry 611210, Junior Colleges.

6114 Business Schools and Computer and Management Training T

61141 Business and Secretarial Schools T
See industry description for 611410 below.

611410 Business and Secretarial SchoolsThis industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in offering courses in office procedures and secretarial and stenographic skills and may offer courses in basic office skills, such as word processing. In addition, these establishments may offer such classes as office machine operation, reception, communications, and other skills designed for individuals pursuing a cleri cal or secretarial career. Instructio n may be provided in diverse settings,

such as the establishment's or client 's training facilities, edu cational institutions, the wo rkplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television , the Internet, or other elect ronic and distance-learning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering computer training (except computer repair )--are classified in Industry 611420, Computer Training;

 Offering academic degrees (e.g., baccal aureate, graduate level) in busine ss education--are classified in Industry 611310, Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; and

 Offering training in the maintenance and repair of computers--are classified in U.S. Industry 611519, Other

Technical and Trade Schools.

61142 Computer Training T
See industry description for 611420 below.

611420 Computer Training

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting computer training (except computer repair), such as computer programming, software packag es, computerized business syst ems, computer electronics technology, computer operations, and local area network management. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's traini ng facilities, educational institu tions, the workplace, or thehome, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distancelearning methods. The training provid ed by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation

methods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering training in the maintenance and repair of computers--are classified in U.S. Industry 611519, Other Technical and Trade Schools; and

 Computer retailing, wholesaling, or computer system designing that may also provide computer training-- are classified in their appropriate industries.

61143 Professional and Mana gement Development Training T
See industry description for 611430 below.

611430 Professional and Manag ement Development Training

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in offering an array of short duration courses and seminars for management and professional development. Training for career development may be provided directly to individuals or through employers' training programs; and courses may be customized or modified to meet the special needs of customers. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's training facilities, educational institu tions, the workplace, or the home, an d through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-lear ning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Advising clients on human resource and training issues without providing the trai ning--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources Consulting Services; and Offering academic degrees (e.g., baccalaureate, grad uate level)--are classified in Industry 611310, Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools.

6115 Technical and Trade Schools T

61151 Technical and Trade Schools T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering vocational and technical training in a variety of technical subjects and trades. The training often leads to job-specific certification. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's training facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, televisi on, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-learning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and

simulation methods.

Illustrative Examples:

Apprenticeship training programs Graphic arts schools Aviation and flight training instruction schools Modeling schools Computer repair training Nursing schools (e xcept academic) Cosmetology schools

Real estate schools Electronic equipment repair training Truck driving schools

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering courses in office procedures and secretaria l and stenographic skills--are classified in Industry 61141, Business and Secretarial Schools;

 Offering computer training (except computer repair)--are classified in Industry 61142, Computer Training;

 Offering professional and management development training--are classified in Industry 61143, Professional and Management Development Training;

 Offering academic courses that may al so offer technical and trade course s--are classified according to the type of school;

 Specialty air transportation services which may also pr ovide flight training--are classified in Industry 48121, Nonscheduled Air Transportation; and

 Offering registered nursing training--are classified in Industry 61121, Junior Colleges or Industry 61131, Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools.

611511 Cosmetology and Barber Schools

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily en gaged in offering training in barbering, hair styling, or the cosmetic arts, such as makeup or skin care. These schools provide jo b-specific certification.

611512 Flight Training

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in offering aviation and flight training. These establishments may offer vocational training, recreational training, or both.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in specialty air transp ortation services that may also provide flight training are classified in U.S. Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation.611513 Apprenticeship Training

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in offering apprenticeship training programs. These programs involve applied training as well as course work.

611519 Other Technical and Trade Schools

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in offering job or career vocational or technical courses (except cosmetology and barber training, aviation and flight training, and apprenticeship training). The curriculums offered by these schools are highly structured and specialized and lead to job-specific certification.

Illustrative Examples:

Bartending schools Modeling schools Broadcasting schools

Real estate schools Computer repair training Truck driving schools Graphic arts schools

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering courses in office procedures and secretaria l and stenographic skills--are classified in Industry 611410, Business and Secretarial Schools;

 Offering computer training (except computer repair )--are classified in Industry 611420, Computer Training;

 Offering professional and management development training--are classified in Industry 611430, Professional and Management Development Training;

 Offering registered nursing training with academic degrees (e.g., as sociate baccalaureate)--are classified in Industry 611210, Junior Colleges or in Industry 611310, College, Universities, and Professional Schools;

 Offering aviation and flight training--are classified in U.S. Industry 611512, Flight Training;

 Offering cosmetology and barber training--are classified in U.S. Industry 611511, Cosmetology and Barber Schools;

 Offering academic courses that may al so offer technical and trade course s--are classified according to the type of school; and

 Offering apprenticeship training programs--are classified in U.S. Industry 611513, Apprenticeship Training.

6116 Other Schools and Instruction T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering or providing instruction (except academic schools, colleges, and univers ities; and business, comput er, management, technical, or trade instruction). Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's tr aining facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-learning methods. The tr aining provided by these es tablishments may include the

use of simulators and simulation methods.

61161 Fine Arts Schools T
See industry description for 611610 below.

611610 Fine Arts SchoolsThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering instruction in the arts, including dance, art, drama, and music.

Illustrative Examples:

Art (except commercial and graphic) instruction Music instruction (e.g., piano, guitar)

Dance instruction Music schools (except academic)

Dance studios Performing arts schools (except academic) Drama schools (except academic) Photography schools (except commercial photography) Fine arts schools (except academic)

Cross-References.

 Establishments offering high school diplomas or academi c degrees (i.e., even if they specialize in fine arts)

are classified elsewhere in this subsect or according to the type of school; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in offering cour ses in commercial and graphic arts and commercial photography are classified in U.S. Industry 611519, Other Technical and Trade Schools.

61162 Sports and Recreation Instruction T
See industry description for 611620 below.

611620 Sports and Recreation Instruction

This industry comprises establishments, such as camps and schools, primarily engaged in offering instruction in athletic activities to groups of individuals. Overnight an d day sports instruction camps are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Camps, sports instruction Professional sports instructors (i.e., not participating in sporting events) Cheerleading instruction Riding instruction academies or schools Gymnastics instruction Sports (e.g., baseball, basketball, football, golf) instruction Martial arts instruction, camps or schools Swimming instruction

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating overnig ht recreational camps that may offer some athletic

instruction in addition to other activ ities are classified in U.S. Indust ry 721214, Recreational and Vacation Camps (except Campgrounds);

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating sports and recreation establ ishments that also offer athletic

instruction are classified in Sector 71 , Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation;

 Independent (i.e., freelance) athletes engaged in providing sports instruction and participating in spectator sporting events are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in offering academic c ourses that may also offer athletic instruction are classified according to the type of school.

61163 Language Schools T
See industry description for 611630 below.611630 Language Schools

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in offering foreign language instruction (including sign language). These establishments are designed to offer la nguage instruction ranging from conversational skills for personal enrichment to intensive training co urses for career or educational opportunities.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering academic courses that may also offer languag e instruction--are classifi ed according to type of school; and

 Providing translation and interpretation services--are classified in Industry 541930, Translation and Interpretation Services.

61169 All Other Schools and Instruction T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering instruction (except business, computer, management, technical, trade, fine arts, athletic, and languag e instruction). Also excluded from this industry are academic schools, colleges, and universities.

Illustrative Examples:

Academic tutoring services Public speaking training Automobile driving schools Speed reading instruction Exam preparation services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering elementary and secondary school instructio n--are classified in Industry 61111, Elementary and Secondary Schools;

 Offering junior college instruction--are classified in Industry 61121, Junior Colleges;

 Offering college, university, and professional school in struction with academic degrees (e.g., baccalaureate, graduate)--are classified in Industry 61131, Colle ges, Universities, and Professional Schools;

 Offering business, computer (except computer repair), and management training--are classified in Industry Group 6114, Business Schools and Computer and Management Training;

 Offering technical and trad e school instruction (e.g., computer repa ir and maintenance)--are classified in Industry 61151, Technical and Trade Schools;

 Offering fine arts instruction--are classifi ed in Industry 61161, Fine Arts Schools;

 Offering sports and recreation inst ruction--are classified in Indu stry 61162, Sports and Recreation Instruction; and

 Offering language instruction--are classifi ed in Industry 61163, Language Schools.

611691 Exam Preparation and Tutoring

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in offering pr eparation for standardized examinations and/or academic tutoring services.

Illustrative Examples:

Academic tutoring services Learning centers offering remedial courses College board preparation centers

Professional examination review instruction611692 Automobile Driving Schools

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in offering automobile driving instruction.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in offering truck and bus driving instruction are classified in U.S. Industry 611519, Other Technical and Trade Schools.

611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering instruction (except business, computer, management, technical, trade, fine arts, athletic, language instruction, tutoring, and automobile driving instruction). Also excluded from this industry are acade mic schools, colleges, and universities.

Illustrative Examples:

Public speaking training Survival training Speed reading instruction

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering elementary and secondary school instructio n--are classified in Industry 611110, Elementary and Secondary Schools;

 Offering junior college instruction--are classified in Industry 611210, Junior Colleges;

 Offering college, university, and professional school in struction with academic degrees (e.g., baccalaureate, graduate)--are classified in Industry 611310, Colle ges, Universities, and Professional Schools;

 Offering business, computer (except computer repair), and management training--are classified in Industry Group 6114, Business Schools and Computer and Management Training;

 Offering technical and trad e school instruction (e.g., computer repa ir and maintenance)--are classified in Industry 61151, Technical and Trade Schools;

 Offering fine arts instruction--are classifi ed in Industry 611610, Fine Arts Schools;

 Offering sports and recreation instruction--are classified in Industry 611620, Sports and Recreation Instruction;

 Offering language instruction--are classified in Industry 611630, Language Schools;

 Offering exam preparation and tutori ng services--are classified in U.S. Industry 611691, Exam Preparation and Tutoring; and

 Offering automobile driving instruction--are classified in U.S. Industry 611692, Automobile Driving

Schools.

6117 Educational Support Services T

61171 Educational Support Services T
See industry description for 611710 below.

611710 Educational Support Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing noninstructional services that support educational processes or systems.

Illustrative Examples:

Educational consultantsEducational testing services Educational guidance counseling services Student exchange programs Educational testing evaluation services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing job training for the unemployed, underemployed, physically disabled, and persons who have a job market disadvantage because of lack of educa tion or job skills--are classified in Industry 624310, Vocational Rehabilitation Services; and

 Conducting research and analyses in cognitive development--are classified in Industry 541720, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities.

## Sector 62--Health Care and Social Assistance T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Health Care and Social Assistance sector comprise s establishments providing hea lth care and social assistance

for individuals. The sector includes both health care and social assistance because it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the boundaries of thes e two activities. The industries in this sector are arranged on a continuum starting with those establishments providing medical care exclusively, continuing with those providing health care and social assistance, and finally finish ing with those providing only social assistance. The services provided by establishments in this sector are delivered by trained professionals. All industries in the sector share this commonality of process, namely, labor inputs of health prac titioners or social workers with the requisite expertise. Many of the industries in the sector are defined based on the educational degree held by the practitioners included in the industry.

Excluded from this sector are aer obic classes in Subsector 713, Amusemen t, Gambling, and Recreation Industries and nonmedical diet and weight reducing centers in Subsector 812, Personal and Laundry Services. Although these can be viewed as health services, these services are not typically delivered by health practitioners.

621 Ambulatory Health Care Services T

Industries in the Ambulatory Health Care Services subsector provide health car e services directly or indirectly to ambulatory patients and do not usually provide inpatient services. Health practitioners in this subsector provide outpatient services, with the facilities and equipment not us ually being the most significant part of the production

process.

6211 Offices of Physicians T

62111 Offices of Physicians T

This industry comprises establishments of health prac titioners having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) primarily engaged in the independent practice of general or specialized medicine (e.g., anesthesiology, oncology, ophthalmology, psychiatry) or surgery. These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical

centers.

Cross-References.

 Medical centers primarily engaged in providing emergency medical care fo r accident or trauma victims and ambulatory surgical centers primarily engaged in providing surgery on an outpatient basis are classified in Industry 62149, Other Outpatient Care Centers;

 Establishments of oral pathologists are classifi ed in Industry 62121, Offices of Dentists; and

 Establishments of speech or voice pathologists are classified in Industry 62 134, Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Ther apists, and Audiologists.

621111 Offices of Physicians (exc ept Mental Health Specialists)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of h ealth practitioners having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) primarily engaged in the independent practice of general or specialized medicine (except psychiatry or psychoan alysis) or surgery. These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the fac ilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

Cross-References

.

 Establishments of physicians primarily engaged in the independent practice of psychiatry or psychoanalysis are classified in U.S. Industry 621112, Offi ces of Physicians, Mental Health Specialists; Freestanding medical centers primar ily engaged in provid ing emergency medical care for accident or catastrophe victims and freestanding ambulatory surgical centers primarily engaged in providing surgery on an outpatient basis are classified in U.S. Indu stry 621493, Freestanding Ambulatory Surgical and Emergency Centers;

 Establishments of oral pathologists are classifi ed in Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists; and

 Establishments of speech or voice pathologists are classified in Industry 621340, Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Ther apists, and Audiologists.

621112 Offices of Physicians, Mental Health Specialists

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of h ealth practitioners having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) primarily engaged in the independent practice of psychiatry or psychoanalysis. These practitioners operate private or group practices in their ow n offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

6212 Offices of Dentists T

62121 Offices of Dentists T
See industry description for 621210 below.

621210 Offices of Dentists

This industry comprises establishments of health pr actitioners having the degree of D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine), D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery), or D.D.Sc. (Doctor of Dental Science) primarily engaged in the independent practice of general or specialized dentistry or dental surgery. These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. They can provide either comprehensive pr eventive, cosmetic, or emerge ncy care, or specialize in a single field of dentistry.

Cross-References

.

 Establishments known as dental laboratories primarily engaged in making dentures, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances to order for dentists are classified in U.S. Industry 339116, Dental Laboratories; and

 Establishments of dental hygienists primarily engaged in cleaning teeth and gums or establishments of denturists primarily engaged in taking impressions for and fitting dentures are classified in U.S. Industry 621399, Offices of All Other Mi scellaneous Health Practitioners.

6213 Offices of Other Health Practitioners T

This industry group comprises establishments of indepe ndent health practitioners (except physicians and dentists).

62131 Offices of Chiropractors T
See industry description for 621310 below.

621310 Offices of Chiropractors

This industry comprises establishments of health prac titioners having the degree of D.C. (Doctor of Chiropractic) primarily engaged in the independent practice of chir opractic. These practitioners provide diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of neuromusculoskeletal and related disorders through the manipulation and adjustment of the spinal column and extremities, and operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

62132 Offices of Optometrists T
See industry description for 621320 below.

621320 Offices of OptometristsThis industry comprises establishments of health prac titioners having the degree of O.D. (Doctor of Optometry) primarily engaged in the independent practice of optomet ry. These practitioners examine, diagnose, treat, and manage diseases and disorders of the vi sual system, the eye and associated st ructures as well as diagnose related systemic conditions. Offices of optometrists prescribe and/or provide eyeglasses, contact lenses, low vision aids, and vision therapy. They op erate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers, and may also provide the same services as opticians, such as selling and fitting prescrip tion eyeglasses and contact lenses.

Cross-References.

 Offices of opticians primarily engaged in selling an d fitting prescription eyeglasse s and contact lenses are classified in Industry 446130, Optical Goods Stores; and

 Offices of physicians primarily engaged in the independent practice of ophthalmology are classified in U.S. Industry 621111, Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists).

62133 Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians) T
See industry description for 621330 below.

621330 Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians)

This industry comprises establishments of independent mental health practitioners (except physicians) primarily engaged in (1) the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and/or (2) the diagnosis and treatment of individual or group social dysfunction brought about by such causes as mental illness, alcohol and substance abuse, physical and emotional trauma, or stress. These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the fac ilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

Cross-References

.

Establishments of psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, and psychotherapists having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopat hy) are classified in U.S. Industry 621112, Offices of Physicians, Mental Health Specialists.

62134 Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists T
See industry description for 621340 below.

621340 Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists

This industry comprises establishments of independent health practitioners primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) providing physical therapy services to patients who have impairments, functional limitations, disabilities, or changes in physical functions and health st atus resulting from injury, disease or other causes, or who require prevention, wellness or fitness se rvices; (2) planning and administering educational, recreational, and social activities designed to help patients or individuals with disabilities, regain physical or mental functioning or to adapt to their disabilities; and (3) diagnosing and treating sp eech, language, or hearing problems. These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

Illustrative Examples:

Audiologists' offices Recreational (e.g., art, dance, music) therapists' offices Industrial therapists' offices Speech pathologists' offices Occupational therapists' offices Physical therapists' offices62139 Offices of All Other Health Practitioners T

This industry comprises establishments of independent health practitioners (except physicians; dentists; chiropractors; optometrists; mental health specialists; physical, occupational, and speech therapists; and audiologists). These practitioners operate private or group prac tices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

Illustrative Examples:

Acupuncturists' (except MDs or DOs) offices Inhalation or respiratory therapists' offices Dental hygienists' offices

Midwives' offices

Denturists' offices Naturopaths' offices

Dietitians' offices

Podiatrists' offices Homeopaths' offices Registered or licensed practical nurses' offices

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 The independent practice of medicine (i.e., physician s)--are classified in In dustry 62111, Offices of Physicians;

 The independent practice of dentistry--are classified in Industry 62121, Offices of Dentists;

 The independent practice of chiropractic--are classifi ed in Industry 62131, Offices of Chiropractors;

 The independent practice of optometry--are classi fied in Industry 62132, Offices of Optometrists;

 The independent practice of mental health (except physic ians)--are classified in Industry 62133, Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians); and

 The independent practice of physical, occupational, and speech therapy and audiology--are classified in Industry 62134, Offices of Physical, Occupati onal and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists.

621391 Offices of Podiatrists

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of h ealth practitioners having the degree of D.P.M. (Doctor of Podiatric Medicine) primarily engaged in the independent practice of podiatry. These practitioners diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the foot and operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

621399 Offices of All Other Miscellaneous Health Practitioners

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of in dependent health practitioners (except physicians; dentists; chiropractors; optometrists; mental health specialists; physical, occupatio nal, and speech therapists; audiologists; and podiatrists). These practitioners oper ate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers.

Illustrative Examples :

Acupuncturists' (except MDs or DOs) offices Hypnotherapists' offices Dental hygienists' offices Inhalation or respiratory therapists' offices

Denturists' offices

Midwives' offices

Dietitians' officesNaturopaths' offices Homeopaths' offices Registered or licensed practical nurses' offices

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 The independent practice of medicine (i.e., physician s)--are classified in In dustry 62111, Offices of Physicians;

 The independent practice of dentistry--are classified in Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists;

 The independent practice of chiropractic--are classified in Industry 621310, Offices of Chiropractors;

 The independent practice of optometry--are classified in Industry 621320, Offices of Optometrists;

 The independent practice of mental health (except physic ians)--are classified in Industry 621330, Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians);

 The independent practice of physical, occupational, an d speech therapy, and audiology--are classified in Industry 621340, Offices of Ph ysical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists; and

 The independent practice of podiatry-- are classified in U.S. Industry 621391, Offices of Podiatrists.

6214 Outpatient Care Centers T

62141 Family Planning Centers T
See industry description for 621410 below.

621410 Family Planning Centers

This industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing a range of family planning services on an outpatient basis, such as contraceptive services, genetic and prenatal counseling, voluntary sterilization, and therapeutic and medically induced termination of pregnancy.

Illustrative Examples:

Birth control clinics Fertility clinics Childbirth preparation classes Pregnancy counseling centers

62142 Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers T
See industry description for 621420 below.

621420 Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers

This industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing outpatient services related to the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders and alcohol and other substance abuse. These establishments generally treat patients who do not require inpatient treatment. They may provide a counseling staff and information regarding a wide range of mental health and substance abuse issues and/or refer patients to more extensive treatment programs, if necessary.

Illustrative Examples :

Outpatient alcoholism treatment centers and clinics (except hospitals) Outpatient mental health centers and clinics (except hospitals) Outpatient detoxification centers and clinics (except hospitals) Outpatient substance abuse treatment centers and clinics (except hospitals) Outpatient drug addiction treatment centers and clinics (except hospitals)

Cross-References

. Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primar ily engaged in the inpatient treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses with an emphasis on medical treatment and monitoring are classified in Industry 622210, Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in the inpatient tr eatment of mental health and substance abuse illness with an emphasis on residential care and counseling rather than medical treatment ar e classified in Industry 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities.

62149 Other Outpatient Care Centers T

This industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing general or specialized outpatient care (except family planning centers and outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers). Centers or clinics of health practitioners with different degrees from more than one industry practicing within the same establishment (i.e., Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Dental Medicine) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Dialysis centers and clinics Outpatient biofeedback centers and clinics Freestanding ambulatory surg ical centers and clinics Outpatient community health centers and clinics Freestanding emergency medical centers and clinics Outpatient sleep disorder centers and clinics Health maintenance organization (HMO) medical centers and clinics

Cross-References

.

 Physician walk-in centers are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians;

 Centers and clinics of health practitioners from the same industry primarily engaged in the independent practice of their profession are classi fied in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 62121, Offices of Dentists; and Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners;

 Family planning centers are classified in Industry 62141, Family Planning Centers;

 Outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers ar e classified in Industry 62142, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers;

 HMO establishments (except those providing health care services) primarily engaged in underwriting health and medical insurance policies are classified in Industry 52411, Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers; and

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals that also perform ambulatory surgery and emergency room services are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals.

621491 HMO Medical Centers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments with physicians and other medical staff primarily engaged in providing a range of outpatient medical services to the health maintenance organization (HMO) subscribers with a focus generally on primary health care. These establishments are owned by the HMO. Included in this industry are HMO establishments that both provide health care servi ces and underwrite health and medical insurance policies.

Cross-References

.

 Health practitioners or health practitioner groups contr acting to provide their services to subscribers of prepaid health plans are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists; and Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners; and

 HMO establishments (except those providing health ca re services) primarily engaged in underwriting and administering health and medical insurance policies are classified in U.S. Indust ry 524114, Direct Health

and Medical Insurance Carriers.621492 Kidney Dialysis Centers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments with me dical staff primarily engaged in providing outpatient kidney or renal dialysis services.

621493 Freestanding Ambulatory Surg ical and Emergency Centers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments with ph ysicians and other medical staff primarily engaged in (1) providing surgical services (e.g., or thoscopic and cataract surgery) on an outpatient basis or (2) providing emergency care services (e.g., setting br oken bones, treating lacerations, or tend ing to patients suffering injuries as a result of accidents, trauma, or medical conditions necessitating immediate medical care) on an outpatient basis. Outpatient surgical establishments have specialized faciliti es, such as operating and recovery rooms, and specialized equipment, such as anesthetic or X-ray equipment.

Illustrative Examples :

Freestanding ambulatory surg ical centers and clinics Freestanding trauma centers (except hospitals) Freestanding emergency medical centers and clinics Urgent medical care centers and clinics (except hospitals)

Cross-References.

 Physician walk-in centers are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 621111, Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists); and

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals that also perform ambulatory surgery and emergency room services are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals.

621498 All Other Outpat ient Care Centers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing general or specialized outpatient care (except family planning centers, outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers, HMO medical centers, kidney dialysis centers, and freesta nding ambulatory surgical and emergency centers). Centers or clinics of health practitioners with different de grees from more than one industry practicing within the same establishment (i.e., Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Dental Medicine) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Outpatient biofeedback centers and clinics Outpatient pain therapy centers and clinics Outpatient community health centers and clinics Outpatient sleep disorder centers and clinics

Cross-References.

 Physician walk-in centers are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 621111, Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists);

 Centers and clinics of health practitioners from the same industry primarily engaged in the independent practice of their profession are cl assified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists; and Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners;

 Family planning centers are cl assified in Industry 621410, Family Planning Centers;

 Outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers ar e classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers;

 HMO medical centers are classified in U.S. Industry 621491, HMO Medical Centers; Dialysis centers are classified in U.S. In dustry 621492, Kidney Dialysis Centers; and

 Freestanding ambulatory surgical a nd emergency centers are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 621493, Freestanding Ambulatory Surgical and Emergency Centers.

6215 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories T

62151 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories T

This industry comprises establishments known as me dical and diagnostic laboratories primarily engaged in providing analytic or diagnostic services, including body fluid analysis and diagnostic imaging, generally to the medical profession or to the patient on referral from a health practitioner.

Illustrative Examples :

Dental or medical X-ray laboratories Medical pathology laboratories Diagnostic imaging centers Medical testing laboratories

Medical forensic laboratories

Cross-References.

Establishments, such as dental, optical, and orthopedic laboratories, primarily engaged in providing the following activities to the medical profession, respectively: making de ntures, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances to prescription; grinding of lenses to prescription; and making orthopedic or prosthetic ap pliances to prescription are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing.

621511 Medical La boratories

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as medical laboratories primarily engaged in providing analytic or diagnostic services, including body fluid analysis, generally to the medical profession or to the patient on referral from a health practitioner.

Illustrative Examples:

Blood analysis laboratories Medical pathology laboratories Medical bacteriological laboratories Medical testing laboratories

Medical forensic laboratories

Cross-References.

 Establishments known as dental laboratories primarily engaged in making dentures, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances to prescription are classified in U.S. Industry 339116, Dental Laboratories;

 Establishments known as optical laboratories primaril y engaged in grinding of lenses to prescription are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing; and

 Establishments known as orthopedic laboratories primarily engaged in making orthopedic or prosthetic appliances to prescription are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing.

621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as diagnostic imaging centers primarily engaged in producing images of the patient generally on referral from a health practitioner.Illustrative Examples:

Computer tomography (CT-scan) centers Medical radiological laboratories Dental or medical X-ray laboratories Ultrasound imaging centers Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) centers

6216 Home Health Care Services T

62161 Home Health Care Services T
See industry description for 621610 below.

621610 Home Health Care Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing skilled nursing services in the home, along with a range of the following: personal care services; homemaker and companion serv ices; physical therapy; medical social services; medications; medical equipment and supplies; counseling; 24-hour home care; occupation and vocational therapy; dietary and nutritional services; sp eech therapy; audiology; an d high-tech care, such as intravenous therapy.

Illustrative Examples :

Home health care agencies Visiting nurse associations In-home hospice care services

Cross-References.

 In-home health services provided by establishments of health practitioners and others primarily engaged in the independent practice of their profe ssion are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists; Industry Group 6213, Of fices of Other Health Practitioners; and U.S. Industry 621999, All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing products for home health care are classified in U.S. Industry 532291, Home Health Equipment Rental.

6219 Other Ambulatory Health Care Services T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing ambulatory health care services (except offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners; outpatient care ce nters; medical laboratories and diagnostic imaging centers; and home health care providers).

62191 Ambulance Services T
See industry description for 621910 below.

621910 Ambulance Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing transportation of patients by ground or air, along with medical care. These servi ces are often provided during a medical emergency but are not restricted to emergencies. The vehicles are equipped with lifesavin g equipment operated by medically trained personnel.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing transpor tation of the disabled or elde rly (without medical care) are classified in U.S. Industry 4859 91, Special Needs Transportation.62199 All Other Ambulatory Health Care Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ambulatory health care services (except office physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners; outpatient care centers; medical and diagnostic laboratories; home health car e providers; and ambulances).

Illustrative Examples:

Blood donor stations Pacemaker monitoring services Blood or body organ banks Physical fitness evaluation services (ex cept by offices of health practitioners) Health screening services (except by offices of health practitioners) Smoking cessation programs Hearing testing services (except by offices of audiologists)

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent prac tice of medicine are classi fied in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent prac tice of dentistry are classified in Industry 62121, Offices of Dentists;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent pr actice of health care (ex cept offices of physicians and dentists) are classified in Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing general or specialized outpatient car e services are classified in Industry Group 6214, Outpatient Care Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing home hea lth care services are classi fied in Industry 62161, Home Health Care Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in transportation of patients by ground or air, along with medical care are classified in Industry 62191, Ambulance Services; and

 Establishments known as medical and diagnostic laboratories primarily engaged in providing analytic or diagnostic services are classi fied in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories.

621991 Blood and Organ Banks

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in collecting, storing, and distributing blood and blood products and storing and distributing body organs.

621999 All Other Miscellaneous Am bulatory Health Care Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing ambulatory health care services (except offices of physicians, dentists, and other health pr actitioners; outpatient care centers; medical and diagnostic laboratories; home health care providers; ambulances; and blood and organ banks).

Illustrative Examples :

Health screening services (except by offices of health practitioners) Physical fitness evaluation services (ex cept by offices of health practitioners) Hearing testing services (except by offices of audiologists) Smoking cessation programs Pacemaker monitoring services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in the independent prac tice of medicine are classi fied in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent prac tice of dentistry are classified in Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent pr actice of health care (ex cept offices of physicians and dentists) are classified in Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing general or specialized outpatient car e services are classified in Industry Group 6214, Outpatient Care Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing home hea lth care services are classi fied in Industry 621610, Home Health Care Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in the transportation of patients by ground or air, along with medical care are classified in Industry 621910, Ambulance Services;

 Establishments known as medical and diagnostic laboratories primarily engaged in providing analytic or diagnostic services are classifi ed in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories; and

 Blood and organ banks are classified in U.S. Industry 621991, Blood and Organ Banks.

622 Hospitals T

Industries in the Hospitals subsector provide medical, diagnostic, and treatment services that include physician, nursing, and other health services to inpatients and the specialized accommodatio n services required by inpatients. Hospitals may also provide outpatient services as a sec ondary activity. Establishments in the Hospitals subsector provide inpatient health services, many of which can only be provided using the specialized facilities and equipment that form a significant and integral part of the production process.

6221 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals T

62211 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals T
See industry description for 622110 below.

622110 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals

This industry comprises establishments known and li censed as general medical and surgical hospitals primarily engaged in providing diagnostic and medical treatment (both surgical and nonsurgical) to inpatients with any of a wide variety of medical conditions. These establishments maintain inpatient beds and provide patients with food services that meet their nutritional requirements. These hospitals have an organized staff of physicians and other medical staff to provide patient care services. These establishments usually provide other services, such as outpatient services, anatomical pathology services, diagnostic X-ray services, clinical laboratory se rvices, operating room services for a variety of procedures, and pharmacy

services.

6222 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals T

62221 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals T
See industry description for 622210 below.

622210 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals

This industry comprises establishments known and licen sed as psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals primarily engaged in providing diagnostic, medical treatment, and monitoring services for inpatients who suffer from mental

illness or substance abuse disorders. The treatment ofte n requires an extended stay in the hospital. These establishments maintain inpatient beds and provide patients with food services that meet their nutritional requirements. They have an organized staff of physicians and other medical staff to provide patient care services. Psychiatric, psychological, and social work services are av ailable at the facility. These hospitals usually provide other services, such as outpatient services, clinical laboratory servi ces, diagnostic X-ray services, and electroencephalograph services.Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses on an exclusively outpatient basis are classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers;

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primaril y engaged in providing inpatient treatment of mental health and substance abuse illness with the emphasis on counseling rather than medical treatment are classified in Industry 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; and

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primar ily engaged in providing residential care for persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities.

6223 Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals T

62231 Specialty (except Psychiatri c and Substance Abuse) Hospitals T
See industry description for 622310 below.

622310 Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals

This industry consists of establishments known and li censed as specialty hospitals primarily engaged in providing diagnostic and medical treatment to inpatients with a specific type of disease or medical condition (except psychiatric or substance abuse). Hospitals providing l ong-term care for the chronically ill and hospitals providing rehabilitation, restorative, and adjustive services to phys ically challenged or disabled people are included in this industry. These establishments maintain inpatient beds and provide patients with food services that meet their nutritional requirements. They have an organized staff of physicians and other medical staff to provide patient care services. These hospitals may provide other services, such as outpatient services, diagnostic X-ray services, clinical laboratory se rvices, operating room services, physical therapy services, educational and vocational servi ces, and psychological and social work services.

Cross-References.

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primar ily engaged in providing diagnostic and therapeutic inpatient services for a variety of medical conditions, both surgical and nonsurgical, are classified in Industry 622110, General Medical and Surgical Hospitals;

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primar ily engaged in providing diagnostic and treatment services for inpatients with psychiatric or substance abuse illnesses are classified in Industry 622210, Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals;

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are pr imarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services to persons requiring convalescen ce are classified in Industry 623110, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities);

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primar ily engaged in providing residential care of persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities; and

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are prim arily engaged in providing inpatient treatment for

mental health and substance abuse illnesses with the em phasis on counseling rather than medical treatment are classified in Industry 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities.

623 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities T

Industries in the Nursing and Residential Care Facilitie s subsector provide residential care combined with either nursing, supervisory, or other types of care as required by the residents. In this subsector, the facilities are a significant part of the production process and the care provided is a mix of health and social services with the health services being largely some level of nursing services.6231 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) T

62311 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) T
See industry description for 623110 below.

623110 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services. The care is generally provided for an extended pe riod of time to individuals requiring nursing care. These establishments have a permanent core staff of registered or licensed practical nurses wh o, along with other staff, provide nursing and continuo us personal care services.

Illustrative Examples:

Convalescent homes or convalescent hospitals (except psychiatric) Nursing homes Assisted living facilities for th e elderly with nursing care Rest homes with nursing care Inpatient care hospices

Cross-References.

 Assisted living facilities with on-site nursing care f acilities are classified in U.S. Industry 623311, Continuing Care Retirement Communities; and

 Psychiatric convalescent homes are classified in Indus try 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance

Abuse Facilities.

6232 Residential Intellectual and Developmental Di sability, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse

Facilites T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential care (but not licensed hospital care) to people with intellectual and developmenta l disabilities, mental illness, or substance abuse problems.

62321 Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities T
See industry description for 623210 below.

623210 Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities

This industry comprises establishments (e.g., grou p homes, hospitals, intermediate care facilities) primarily engaged in providing residential care services for persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities. These facilities may provide some health care, though the focus is room, board, protective supervision, and counseling.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatie nt treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses with an emphasis on counseling rather than medical treatment are classified in Industry 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses on an exclusively outpatient basis are classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers; and

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals prim arily engaged in providing inpatient treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses with an emphasis on medical treatment and monitoring are classified in Industry 622210, Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals.

62322 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities TSee industry description for 623220 below.

623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential care and treatment for patients

with mental health and substance abuse illnesses. Thes e establishments provide room, board, supervision, and counseling services. Although medical se rvices may be available at these estab lishments, they are incidental to the counseling, mental rehabilitation, and support services o ffered. These establishments generally provide a wide range of social services in addition to counseling.

Illustrative Examples:

Alcoholism or drug addiction rehabilitation facilities (except licensed hospitals) Psychiatric convalescent homes or hospitals Mental health halfway houses Residential group homes for the emotionally disturbed

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses on an exclusively outpatient basis are classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing reside ntial care for persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities; and

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals prim arily engaged in providing inpatient treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses with an emphasis on medical treatment and monitoring are classified in Industry 622210, Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals.

6233 Continuing Care Retirement Co mmunities and Assist ed Living Facilities for the Elderly T

62331 Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Livi ng Facilities for the Elderly T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential and personal care services for (1) the elderly and other persons who are unable to fully car e for themselves and/or (2) the elderly and other persons who do not desire to live independently. The care typically includes room, board, supervision, and assistance in daily living, such as housekeeping serv ices. In some instances these estab lishments provide skilled nursing care for residents in separate on-site facilities.

Illustrative Examples:

Assisted living facilities Assisted living facilities for the elderly without nursing care Continuing care retirement communities Rest homes without nursing care

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services are classified in Industry 62311, Nursing Care Fac ilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities); and

 Apartment or condominium complexes where people live independently in rented housing units are classified in Industry 53111, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

623311 Continuing Care Retirement CommunitiesThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing a range of residential and personal care services with on-site nursing care facilities for (1) th e elderly and other persons who are unable to fully care for themselves and/or (2) the elderly and other persons who do not desire to live independently. Individuals live in a variety of residential settings with meals, housekeeping, social, leisure, and other se rvices available to assist residents in daily living. Assisted living facilities with on -site nursing care facilities are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services are classified in Industry 623110, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities);

 Assisted living facilities without on-site nursing care facilities are classified in U.S. Industry 623312, Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly; and

 Apartment or condominium complexes where people live independently in rented housing units are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

623312 Assisted Living Fa cilities for the Elderly

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential and personal care services (i.e., without on-site nursing care facilities) for (1) the el derly or other persons who are unable to fully care for themselves and/or (2) the elderly or other persons who do not desire to live independently. The care typically includes room, board, supervision, and assistance in daily living, such as housekeeping services.

Illustrative Examples :

Assisted living facilities without on-site nursing care facilities Rest homes without nursing care Assisted living facilities for the elderly without nursing care

Cross-References.

 Assisted living facilities with on-site nursing care f acilities are classified in U.S. Industry 623311, Continuing Care Retirement Communities;

 Assisted living facilities for the elderly with nursing care or rest homes with nursing care are classified in Industry 623110, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities); and

 Apartment or condominium complexes where people live independently in rented or owned housing units are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

6239 Other Residential Care Facilities T

This industry group comprises establishments of residential care facilities (except residential intellectual and developmental disability facilities, mental health and su bstance abuse facilities and continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly).

62399 Other Residential Care Facilities T
See industry description for 623990 below.

623990 Other Residential Care Facilities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential care (except residential intellectual and developmental disability facilities, residen tial health and substance abuse facilities, continuing care retirement communities, and assisted living facilities for the el derly). These establishments also provide supervision and personal care services.

Illustrative Examples :Boot or disciplinary camps (except correctional) for delinquent youth Group homes for the hearing or visually impaired Child group foster homes Halfway group homes for delinquents or ex-offenders Delinquent youth halfway group homes

Homes for unwed mothers Group homes for the disabled without nursing care Orphanages

Cross-References.

 Residential intellectual and developmental disability facilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities;

 Continuing care retirement communities are classifi ed in U.S. Industry 623311, Continuing Care Retirement Communities;

 Residential mental health and substance abuse facilities are classified in 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities;

 Assisted living facilities for the elderly without nursing care are classified in U.S. Industry 623312, Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services are classified in Industry 623110, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities);

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing temporar y shelter are classified in U.S. Industry 624221, Temporary Shelters; and

 Correctional camps are classified in Industry 922140, Correctional Institutions.

624 Social Assistance T

Industries in the Social Assistance subsector provide a wide variety of so cial assistance services directly to their

clients. These services do not in clude residential or accommodation servi ces, except on a short stay basis.

6241 Individual and Family Services T

62411 Child and Youth Services T
See industry description for 624110 below.

624110 Child and Youth Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nonresidential social assistance services for children and youth. These establishments provide for the welfare of children in such areas as adoption and foster care, drug prevention, life skills trai ning, and positive social development.

Illustrative Examples:

Adoption agencies Youth centers (except recreational only) Child guidance organizations Youth self-help organizations Foster care placement services

Cross-References.

 Youth recreational centers are classified in Industry 713940, Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers;

 Youth recreational sports teams and leagues are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Scouting organizations are classified in Indust ry 813410, Civic and So cial Organizations; and Establishments primarily engaged in providing day car e services for children are classified in Industry 624410, Child Day Care Services.

62412 Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities T
See industry description for 624120 below.

624120 Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in providing nonresidential so cial assistance services to improve the quality of life for the elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities, or persons with disabilities. These establishments provide fo r the welfare of these individuals in such areas as day care, nonmedical home care or homemaker services, so cial activities, group support, and companionship.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing job training for persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities or persons

with disabilities--are classified in Industr y 624310, Vocational Rehabilitation Services;

 Providing residential care for the elderly, persons di agnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities or persons with disabilities--are classified in Subsector 623, Nursing and Residential Care Facilities; and

 Providing in-home health care services --are classified in Subsector 621, Ambulatory Health Care Services.

62419 Other Individual and Family Services T
See industry description for 624190 below.

624190 Other Individual and Family Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nonresidential individual and family social assistance services (except those speci fically directed toward children, th e elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities, or persons with disabilities).

Illustrative Examples:

Community action services agencies Marriage counseling services (except by offices of mental health practitioners)

Crisis intervention centers Multipurpose social services centers Family social services agencies Self-help organizations (except for disabled persons, the elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities) Family welfare services

Suicide crisis centers

Hotline centers Telephone counseling services

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing clinical psychological and psychiatric soci al counseling services--are classified in Industry 621330, Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians);

 Providing child and youth social a ssistance services (except day care)-- are classified in Industry 624110, Child and Youth Services;

 Providing child day care services--are classified in Industry 624410, Child Day Care Services;

 Providing social assistance services for the elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and persons with disabilities--are classified in Industry 624120, Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities; Community action advocacy--are classified in U. S. Industry 813319, Ot her Social Advocacy Organizations; and

 Providing in-home health care services --are classified in Subsector 621, Ambulatory Health Care Services.

6242 Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services T

62421 Community Food Services T
See industry description for 624210 below.

624210 Community Food Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in the collection, preparation, and delivery of food for the needy. Establishments in this industry may also distribute clothing and blankets to the poor. These establishments may prepare and deliver meals to persons wh o by reason of age, disab ility, or illness are unable to prepare meals for themselves; collect an d distribute salvageable or donated food; or prepare and provide meals at fixed or mobile locations. Food banks, meal delivery programs, and soup kitchens are included in this industry.

62422 Community Housing Services T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following community housing services: (1) short term emergency shelter for victim s of domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse; (2) temporary residential shelter for the homeless, runaway youths, and patients and families caught in medical crises; (3) transitional housing for low- income individuals and families; (4) volunteer construction or repair of low cost housing, in partnership with the homeowner who may assist in construction or repair work; and (5) repair of homes for elderly or disabled homeowners. These establishments may operate their own shelter; or may subsidize housing using existing homes, apartments, hotels, or motels ; or may require a low-cost mortgage or work (sweat) equity.

Cross-References.

Central offices of government housing programs are classified in Industry 92511, Administration of Housing Programs.

624221 Temporary Shelters

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing (1) short term emergency shelter for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse and/or (2) temporary residential shelter for homeless individuals or families, runaway youth, and patients and families caught in medical crises. These establishments may operate their own shelters or may subsidize housing using existing homes, apartments, hotels, or motels.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing emergency shelter for victims of domestic or international disasters or conflicts are classified in Industry 624230, Emergency and Other Relief Services.

624229 Other Community Housing Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following community housing services: (1) transitional housing to low-income individuals and families; (2) volunteer construction or repair of low-cost housing, in partnership with the homeowner who may assist in the construction or repair work; and (3) the repair of homes for elderly or disabled homeowners. These establishments may subsidize housing using existing homes, apartments, hotels, or motels or may require a low-cost mortgage or sweat equity. These establishments may also provide low-income families with furniture and household supplies.

Cross-References.Central offices of government housing programs are classified in Industry 925110, Administration of Housing Programs.

62423 Emergency and Other Relief Services T
See industry description for 624230 below.

624230 Emergency and Ot her Relief Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food, shelter, clothing, medical relief, resettlement, and counseling to victims of domestic or international disasters or conflicts (e.g., wars).

6243 Vocational Rehabilitation Services T

62431 Vocational Rehabilitation Services T
See industry description for 624310 below.

624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing vocational rehabilitation or habilitation services, such as job counseling, job training, and work experience, to unemployed and underemployed persons, persons with disabilities, and persons who have a job market disadvantage because of lack of education, job skill, or experience and (2) establishments primarily engaged in providing training and employment to persons with disabilities. Vocational rehabilitation job training facilitie s (except schools) and sheltered workshops (i.e., work experience centers) are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

 Schools (except high schools) primarily engaged in providing vocational training are classified in Industry 61151, Technical and Trade Schools;

 Vocational high schools are classified in Industry 611110, Elementary and Secondary Schools; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing career and vocational co unseling (except rehabilitative) are classified in Industry 611710, Educational Support Services.

6244 Child Day Care Services T

62441 Child Day Care Services T
See industry description for 624410 below.

624410 Child Day Care Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing day care of infants or children. These establishments generally care for preschool children, but ma y care for older children when they are not in school and may also offer pre-kindergarten educational programs.

Illustrative Examples:

Child day care babysitting services Nursery schools Child or infant day care centers

Preschool centers

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in offering kindergarten educational programs are classified in Industry 611110, Elementary and Secondary Schools.

## Sector 71--Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation sector includes a wide range of establishments that operate facilities or provide services to meet varied cultura l, entertainment, and recr eational interests of their patrons. This sector comprises (1) establishments that are involved in producing, promoting, or participating in live performances, events, or exhibits intended for public viewing; (2) estab lishments that preserve and exhibit objects and sites of historical, cultural, or educational interest; and (3) estab lishments that operate facilities or provide services that enable patrons to participate in recreational activities or pursue amusement, hobby, and leisure-time interests. Some establishments that provide cultural, entertainmen t, or recreational facilities and services are classified in

other sectors. Excluded from this s ector are: (1) establishments that provide both accommodations and recreational facilities, such as hunting and fishing camps and resort and casino hotels are classified in Subsector 721, Accommodation; (2) restaurants and night clubs that provide live entertainment in addition to the sale of food and beverages are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places ; (3) motion picture theaters, libraries and archives, and publishers of newspapers, magazines, books, periodicals, and computer software are classified in Sector 51, Information; and (4) establishments usin g transportation equipment to provide recreational and entertainment services, such as those ope rating sightseeing buses, dinner cruises, or helicopter rides, are classified in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation.

711 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries T

Industries in the Performing Arts , Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector group establishments that produce or organize and promote live presentations involving the performances of actors and actresses, singers, dancers, musical groups and artists, athletes, and othe r entertainers, including in dependent (i.e., freelance) entertainers and the establishments that manage their career s. The classification recogni zes four basic processes: (1) producing (i.e., presenting) events; (2) organizing, managing, and/or promoting events; (3) managing and representing entertainers; and (4) providing the artistic, cr eative and technical skills neces sary to the production of these live events. Also, this subsector contains four industries for performing arts companies. Each is defined on the basis of the particular skills of the en tertainers involved in the presentations. The industry structure for this subsector makes a clear distinction between performing arts companies and performing artists (i.e., independent or freelance). Although not unique to arts and entertainment, freelancing is a particularly important phenomenon in this Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector. Distinguishing this activity from the production activity is a meaningful process differe ntiation. This approach, however, is difficult to implement in the case of musical grou ps (i.e., companies) and arti sts, especially pop groups. These establishments tend to be more loosely organized and it can be difficult to distinguish companies from

freelancers. For this reason, NAICS includes one industry that cove rs both musical groups and musical artists. This subsector contains two industries for Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events, one for those that operate facilities and another for t hose that do not. This is because there are significant

differences in cost structures betwee n those promoters that manage and provide the staff to operate facilities and

those that do not. In addition to promoters without facilities, other in dustries in this subsector include establishments that may operate without permanent facilitie s. These types of establishments include: performing arts companies; musical groups and artists; spectator spor ts; and independent (i.e., freelance) artists, writers, and performers. Excluded from this subsector are nightclubs. Some nightclubs promote live entertainment on a regular basis and it can be argued that they could be classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events. However, since most of these establishmen ts function as any other drin king place when they do not promote entertainment and because most of their revenue is derived from sale of food and beverages, they are classified in Subsector 722, Fo od Services and Drinking Places.

7111 Performing Arts Companies T

This industry group comprises establishments primar ily engaged in producing live presentations involving the performances of actors and actresses, singers, dancers, musical groups and artists, and other performing artists.71111 Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters T
See industry description for 711110 below.

711110 Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters

This industry comprises (1) comp anies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing the following live theatrical presentations: musicals; opera s; plays; and comedy, improvisationa l, mime, and puppet shows and (2) establishments, commonly known as dinner theaters, engaged in producing live theatrical productions and in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises. Theater groups or companies may or may not operate their own theater or other facility for staging their shows.

Illustrative Examples:

Comedy troupes Opera companies Live theatrical productions (except dance) Theatrical stock or repertory companies Musical theater companies

Cross-References.

 Establishments, such as nightclubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises and that also present live nontheatrical entertainment, are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places;

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, managing, and/or promoting performing arts productions without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;

 Companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing all types of live theatrical dance presentations are classified in I ndustry 711120, Dance Companies;

 Freelance producers and performing artis ts (except musicians and vocalists) primarily engaged in theatrical activities independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and

 Musicians and vocalists are classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups and Artists.

71112 Dance Companies T
See industry description for 711120 below.

711120 Dance Companies

This industry comprises companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing all types of live theatrical dance (e.g., ballet, contemporary dance, folk dance) presentations. Dance companies or groups may or may not operate their own theater or other facility for staging their shows.

Cross-References.

 Establishments, such as exotic dance clubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises and that also present live dance entertainment, are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places;

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing dance productions without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events; and

 Freelance producers and dancers primarily engaged in theatrical activities independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.

71113 Musical Groups and Artists TSee industry description for 711130 below.

711130 Musical Groups and Artists

This industry comprises (1) groups primarily engage d in producing live musical en tertainment (except theatrical musical or opera productions), and (2) independent (i.e., freelance) artists primarily engaged in providing live

musical entertainment. Musical groups and artists may perform in front of a live audience or in a studio, and may or may not operate their own facilities for staging their shows.

Illustrative Examples:

Bands Musical groups (except theatrical musical groups) Drum and bugle corps (i.e., drill teams)

Orchestras Independent musicians or vocalists

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing concerts and other musical performances without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;

 Companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing theatrical musicals and opera productions are classified in Industry 711110, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters; and

 Freelance producers (except musical groups and artists) primarily engaged in musical activities independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and

Performers.

71119 Other Performing Arts Companies T
See industry description for 711190 below.

711190 Other Performing Arts Companies

This industry comprises companies or groups (excep t theater companies, dance co mpanies, musical groups, and artists) primarily engaged in produ cing live theatrical presentations.

Illustrative Examples:

Carnival traveling shows Ice skating companies

Circuses Magic shows

Cross-References.

 Establishments, such as comedy clubs or nightclubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises and th at also present live nontheatrical entertainment are classified in Subsector 722, Food Serv ices and Drinking Places;

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing ice skating shows, circuses, and other live performing arts presentations without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;

 Theater companies and groups (except dance) or dinner theaters engaged in producing musicals; plays; operas; and comedy, improvisational, mime, and puppet shows are classified in Industry 711110, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters;

 Dance companies or groups are classified in Industry 711120, Dance Companies; Freelance producers and performing ar tists (except musicians and vocalists) are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and

 Musical groups and independent musicians and vocalists are classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups

and Artists.

7112 Spectator Sports T

71121 Spectator Sports T

This industry comprises (1) sports teams or clubs primarily participating in live sporting events before a paying audience; (2) establishments primarily engaged in oper ating racetracks; (3) indepe ndent athletes engaged in participating in live sporting or racing events before a paying audience; (4) ow ners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events or other spect ator sports events; and (5) establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized services to support participants in sports events or competitions. The sp orts teams and clubs included in this industry may or may not operate their own arena, stadium, or other facility for presentin g their games or other spectator sports events.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting sporting events without pa rticipating in sporting events are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;

 Establishments, such as youth league baseball teams, primarily engaged in participating in sporting events for recreational purposes without playing before a pa ying audience are classified in Industry 71399, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic a ssociations or leagues are classified in Industry 81399, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Pr ofessional, Labor, and Political Organizations);

 Establishments primarily engaged in representing or managing the careers of sports figures are classified in Industry 71141, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures;

 Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instru ction without participating in sporting events before a paying audience are classified in Industry 61162, Sports and Recreation Instruction;

 Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsi ng products or making speeches are classified in Industry 71151, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines are classified in Industry 11292, Horses and Other Equine Production.

711211 Sports Teams and Clubs

This U.S. industry comprises professional or semiprofessional sports teams or clubs primarily engaged in participating in live sporting events, such as baseball, basket ball, football, hockey, soccer, and jai alai games, before a paying audience. These establishments may or may not operate their own arena, stadium, or other facility for presenting these events.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting sporting events without pa rticipating in sporting events are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events;

 Establishments, such as youth league baseball teams, primarily engaged in participating in sporting events for recreational purposes without playing before a pa ying audience are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and

 Amateur, semiprofessional, or profe ssional athletic associations or leagues are classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations).

711212 RacetracksThis U.S. industry comprises esta blishments primarily engage d in operating racetracks. These establishments may also present and/or promote the events, such as auto, dog, and horse races, held in these facilities.

Cross-References.

 Owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events; trainers of racing particip ants; and independent athletes, such as jockeys and race car drivers, primarily engaged in participating in racing events are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating as stan d-alone casinos are classifi ed in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels).

711219 Other Spectator Sports

This U.S. industry comprises (1) independent athletes, such as professional or semiprofessional golfers, boxers, and race car drivers, primarily engaged in participating in live sporting or racing events before a paying audience; (2) owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events or other spectator events; and (3) establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized services required to support participants in sports events or competitions.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks are classi fied in U.S. Industry 711212, Racetracks;

 Establishments primarily engaged in representing or managing the careers of sports figures are classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures;

 Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instru ction without participating in sporting events before a paying audience are classified in Industry 611620, Sports and R ecreation Instruction;

 Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsi ng products or making speeches are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines are classified in Industry 112920, Horses and Other Equine Production.

7113 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events T

71131 Promoters of Performing Arts, Spor ts, and Similar Events with Facilities T
See industry description for 711310 below.

711310 Promoters of Performing Arts, Spor ts, and Similar Events with Facilities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs, concerts, and festivals, held in facilities that they manage and operate and/or (2) managing and providing the staff to operate arenas, stadiums, theaters, or other re lated facilities for rent to other promoters.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Producing live performances (but may also promote the performances and/or operate the facilities where the performances take place)--are classified in Industry Group 7111, Perf orming Arts Companies;

 Operating racetracks (but may also promote the events held in these facilities)--are classified in U.S. Industry 711212, Racetracks;

 Presenting sporting events (but may also promote thes e sporting events and/or operate the stadiums or arenas where the sporting events take place)--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 711211, Sports Teams and Clubs; Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conventions, conferences, and trade shows (but may also operate the facilities where these events take place)--are classi fied in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show Organizers;

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events in facilities managed and operated by others--are classified in Industry 711320, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities; and

 Leasing stadiums, arenas, theaters, and other related f acilities to others without operating the facilities--are classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses).

71132 Promoters of Performing Arts, Spor ts, and Similar Events without Facilities T
See industry description for 711320 below.

711320 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports , and Similar Events without Facilities

This industry comprises promoters primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing arts productions, sports events, and simila r events, such as state fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs, concerts, and festivals, in facilities that are managed and operated by others. Theatrical (except motion picture) booking agencies are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Booking motion pictures or videos--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries;

 Producing live performances (but may also promote th e performances)--are classified in Industry Group 7111, Performing Arts Companies;

 Operating racetracks (but may also promote the events held in these facilities)--are classified in U.S. Industry 711212, Racetracks;

 Presenting sporting events (but may also promote thes e events)--are classified in U.S. Industry 711211, Sports Teams and Clubs;

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conventions, conferences, and trade shows (but may also operate the facilities where these events take place)--are classi fied in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show Organizers;

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing performing arts, sports, and similar events in facilities they manage or operate--are classified in Industry 711310, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities; and

 Operating amateur, semiprofessional, or professional at hletic associations or l eagues--are classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (ex cept Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations).

7114 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures T

71141 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athl etes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures T
See industry description for 711410 below.

711410 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athl etes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures

This industry comprises establishments of agents and managers primarily engaged in representing and/or managing creative and performing artists, sports figures, entertainers, and other public figures. The representation and management includes activities, such as representing c lients in contract negotiations; managing or organizing clients’ financial affairs; and generally promoting the careers of their clients.

Illustrative Examples:

Celebrity agents or managers Sports figure agents or managersLiterary agents Talent agents Modeling agents

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in supplying models to clients are classifi ed in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services; and

 Establishments known as model registries primarily engaged in recruiting and placing models for clients are classified in U.S. Industry 56 1311, Employment Placement Agencies.

7115 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers T

71151 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers T
See industry description for 711510 below.

711510 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers

This industry comprises independent (i.e., freelance) individuals primarily engaged in performing in artistic productions, in creating artistic and cultu ral works or productions, or in providi ng technical exper tise necessary for these productions. This industry also includes athletes and other celebrities exclusively engaged in endorsing products and making speeches or public ap pearances for which th ey receive a fee.

Illustrative Examples:

Independent actors or actresses Independent producers Independent art restorers Independent recording technicians Independent artists (except musical, commercial, or medical) Independent speakers Independent cartoonists Independent theatrical costume designers Independent dancers Independent theatrical lighting technicians Independent journalists

Cross-References.

 Freelance musicians and vocalists are classified in In dustry 711130, Musical Groups and Artists;

 Independent commercial artists and graphic designers ar e classified in Industry 541430, Graphic Design Services; and

 Artisans and craftspersons are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing.

712 Museums, Historical Site s, and Similar Institutions T

Industries in the Museums, Historical Sites, and Si milar Institutions subsector engage in the preservation and exhibition of objects, sites, and natural wonders of historical, cultural, and/or educational value.

7121 Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions T

71211 Museums T
See industry description for 712110 below.

712110 MuseumsThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of objects of historical, cultural, and/or educational value.

Illustrative Examples:

Art galleries (except retail)

Planetariums

Art museums Science or technology museums

Halls of fame

Wax museums

Cross-References.

Commercial art galleries primarily engaged in selling ar t objects are classified in Industry 453920, Art Dealers.

71212 Historical Sites T
See industry description for 712120 below.

712120 Historical Sites

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in the preservation and exhibition of sites, buildings, forts, or communities that describe events or persons of particular historical interest. Archeological sites, battlefields, historical ships, and pioneer villages are included in this industry.

71213 Zoos and Botanical Gardens T
See industry description for 712130 below.

712130 Zoos and Botanical Gardens

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in the preservation and exhibition of live plant and animal life displays.

Illustrative Examples:

Aquariums Wild animal parks

Arboreta Zoological gardens

Aviaries

71219 Nature Parks and Ot her Similar Institutions T
See industry description for 712190 below.

712190 Nature Parks and Ot her Similar Institutions

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of natural areas or settings.

Illustrative Examples:

Bird or wildlife sanctuaries Natural wonder (e.g., cavern, wa terfall) tourist attractions

Conservation areas Nature centers or preserves National parksCross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating commercial hunting or fishing preserves (e.g., game farms) are classified in Industry 114210, Hunting and Trapping.

713 Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries T

Industries in the Amusement, Gambling, and Recreatio n Industries subsector (1) op erate facilities where patrons can primarily engage in sports, recreation, amusement, or gambling activities and/or (2) provide other amusement and recreation services, such as supplying and servicin g amusement devices in places of business operated by others; operating sports teams, clubs, or leagues engaged in playing games for recreational purposes; and guiding tours without using transportation equipment. This subsector does not cover all establishments pr oviding recreational services. Other sectors of NAICS also provide recreational services. Providers of recreational services are often engaged in processes classified in other sectors of NAICS. For example, operators of resorts and hunting and fishing camps provide both accommodation

and recreational facilities and services. These establishm ents are classified in Subsector 721, Accommodation, partly to reflect the significant costs associated with th e provision of accommodation services and partly to ensure consistency with international standards. Likewise, es tablishments using transportation equipment to provide recreational and entertainment services, such as those operating sightseeing buses, dinner cruises, or helicopter rides, are classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing. The industry groups in this subsector highlight particular types of activities: amusement parks and arcades, gambling industries, and other amusement and recreation industries. The groups, however, are not all inclusive of the activity. The Gambling Industries industry group does not provide for full coverage of gambling activities. For example, casino hotels are classified in Subsector 721, Accommodation; and horse and dog racing tracks are classified in Industry Group 7112, Spectator Sports.

7131 Amusement Parks and Arcades T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating amusement parks and amusement arcades and parlors.

71311 Amusement and Theme Parks T
See industry description for 713110 below.

713110 Amusement and Theme Parks

This industry comprises establishments, known as am usement or theme parks, primarily engaged in operating a variety of attractions, such as mechanical rides, water rides, games, shows, theme exhibits, refreshment stands, and picnic grounds. These establishments may l ease space to others on a concession basis.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating mechanical or water rides on a concession ba sis in amusement parks, fairs, and carnivals or in operating a single attraction, such as a waterslide--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Operating refreshment stands on a concession basis--are classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places;

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated amusement (e xcept gambling) devices in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Supplying and servicing coin-opera ted gambling devices (e.g., slot machines) in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 713290, Other Gambling Industries; and

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as carnivals and fairs, with or without facilities--are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events.

71312 Amusement Arcades TSee industry description for 713120 below.

713120 Amusement Arcades

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating amusement (except gambling, billiard, or pool) arcades and parlors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated amusement (e xcept gambling) devices in places of business operated by others or in operating billiard or pool pa rlors--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries;

 Operating bingo, off-track betting, or slot machine parlors or in supplying and servicing coin-operated gambling devices (e.g., slot machines or video gamb ling terminals) in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 713290, Other Gambling Industries;

 Operating casinos (except casino hotels)--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels); and

 Operating casino hotels--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels.

7132 Gambling Industries T

This industry group comprises establishments (exc ept casino hotels) primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities, such as casinos, bingo halls, and video gaming termin als, or in the provision of gambling services, such as lotteries and off-track betting. Casino hotels are classified in Industry 72112, Casino Hotels.

71321 Casinos (except Casino Hotels) T
See industry description for 713210 below.

713210 Casinos (except Casino Hotels)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities that offer table wagering games along with other gambling activities, such as slot machines and sports betting. These establishments often provide food and beverage services. Included in this industry are floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises, riverboat casinos).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating bingo, off-track betting, or slot machine parlors or in supplying and servicing coin-operated gambling devices, such as slot machines and video ga ming terminals in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 713290, Other Gambling Industries; and

 Operating casino hotels--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels.

71329 Other Gambling Industries T
See industry description for 713290 below.

713290 Other Gambling Industries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities (except casinos or casino hotels) or providing gambling services.

Illustrative Examples:

Bingo, off-track betting, or slot machine parlors Coin-operated gambling device concession operators (i .e., supplying and servicing in others’ facilities)

BookmakersLottery ticket sales agents (except retail stores) Card rooms (e.g., poker rooms)

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating casinos--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels);

 Operating casino hotels--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels;

 Operating facilities with coin-operated nongambling amus ement devices--are classified in Industry 713120, Amusement Arcades;

 Supplying and servicing coin-opera ted nongambling amusement devices in places of business operated by others--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and

 Operating racetracks or presenting live racing or sporting events--a re classified in Industry 71121, Spectator Sports.

7139 Other Amusement and Recreation Industries T

71391 Golf Courses and Country Clubs T
See industry description for 713910 below.

713910 Golf Courses and Country Clubs

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating golf courses (except miniature) and (2) establishments primarily engaged in operating golf cour ses, along with dining facilities and other recreational facilities that are known as country clubs. These esta blishments often provide food and beverage services, equipment rental services, and golf instruction services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating driving ranges and miniature golf courses--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and

 Operating resorts where golf facilities are combined with accommodations--are classified in Industry Group 7211, Traveler Accommodation.

71392 Skiing Facilities T
See industry description for 713920 below.

713920 Skiing Facilities

This industry comprises establishments engaged in (1 ) operating downhill, cross-coun try, or related skiing areas and/or (2) operating equipment, such as ski lifts and tows. These establishments often provide food and beverage services, equipment rental services, and ski instruction services. Four-season resorts without accommodations are included in this industry.

Cross-References

.

Establishments primarily engaged in operating resort s where skiing facilities are combined with accommodations are classified in Industry Group 7211, Traveler Accommodation.

71393 Marinas T
See industry description for 713930 below.

713930 MarinasThis industry comprises establishments, commonly known as marinas, engaged in operating docking and/or storage facilities for pleasure craft owners, with or without one or more related activities, such as retailing fuel and marine supplies; and repairing, mainta ining, or renting pleasure boats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Renting pleasure boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental;

 Repairing pleasure boats--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance;

 Retailing marine supplies--are classified in U.S. Industry 441222, Boat Dealers; and

 Retailing fuel for boats--are classified in Industry 447190, Other Gasoline Stations.

71394 Fitness and Recrea tional Sports Centers T
See industry description for 713940 below.

713940 Fitness and Recreati onal Sports Centers

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in operating fitness an d recreational sports facilities featuring exercise and other active physical fitness conditio ning or recreational sports activities, such as swimming, skating, or racquet sports.

Illustrative Examples:

Aerobic dance or exercise centers Ice or roller skating rinks Gymnasiums Physical fitness centers Handball, racquetball, or tennis club facilities Swimming or wave pools

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing nonmedical services to assist clients in attaining or maintaining a desired weight are classified in U.S. Industry 812191, Diet and Weight Reducing Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating hea lth resorts and spas where recreational facilities are

combined with accommodations are classified in In dustry 721110, Hotels (e xcept Casino Hotels) and Motels; and

 Recreational sports clubs (i.e., sports teams) not operating sports facilities are classified in Industry 713990,

All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries.

71395 Bowling Centers T
See industry description for 713950 below.

713950 Bowling Centers

This industry comprises establishments engaged in op erating bowling centers. These establishments often provide food and beverage services.

71399 All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries T
See industry description for 713990 below.

713990 All Other Amusement and Recreation IndustriesThis industry comprises establishments (except amusement parks and arcades; gambling industries; golf courses and country clubs; skiing facilities; marinas; fitness and re creational sports centers; and bowling centers) primarily engaged in providing recreational and amusement services.

Illustrative Examples:

Amusement ride or coin-operated nongambling amusement device concession operators (i.e., supplying or servicing in others’ facilities) Miniature golf courses Archery or shooting ranges Recreational day camps (except instructional) Billiard or pool parlors Recreational or youth sports teams Boating clubs (without marinas) Recreational sports clubs (i.e., spor ts teams) not operating facilities

Dance halls Riding stables

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating amus ement parks and arcades are classified in Industry Group 7131, Amusement Parks and Arcades;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating gamb ling facilities (except casino hotels) or providing gambling services are classified in Industry Group 7132, Gambling Industries;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating casino hotels are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating golf courses (except miniature) and country clubs are classified in Industry 713910, Golf Courses and Country Clubs;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating skiing facilitie s without hotel accommodation are classified in Industry 713920, Skiing Facilities;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating reso rts where recreational fac ilities are combined with lodging are classified in Industry Group 7211, Traveler Accommodation;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating mari nas are classified in In dustry 713930, Marinas;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating fitness and recreational sports centers are classified in Industry 713940, Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating bowling centers are cla ssified in Industry 713950, Bowling
Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating instruc tional camps, such as sports camps, fine arts camps, and computer camps, are classified in Sector 61, Educational Services based on the nature of instruction;

 Independent athletes engaged in participating in sporting events before a paying audience are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports;

 Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instru ction without participating in sporting events before a paying audience are classified in Industry 611620, Sports and R ecreation Instruction;

 Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsi ng products or making speeches are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation are classified in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation;

 Aviation clubs primarily engaged in providing specialty air and flying services are classified in U.S. Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation;

 Aviation clubs primarily engaged in advocating social and political causes are classified in U.S. Industry 813319, Other Social Advocacy Organizations; and

 Amateur, semiprofessional, or profe ssional athletic associations or leagues are classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations).

## Sector 72--Accommodation and Food Services T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Accommodation and Food Services sector comprises establishments providing customers with lodging and/or preparing meals, snacks, and beverages for immediate consumption. The sector includes both accommodation and

food services establishments becau se the two activities are often combin ed at the same establishment.

Excluded from this sector are civi c and social organizations; amusement an d recreation parks; theaters; and other recreation or entertainment facilities pr oviding food and beverage services.

721 Accommodation T

Industries in the Accommodation subsector provid e lodging or short-term acco mmodations for travelers, vacationers, and others. There is a wide range of establishments in these industries. Some provide lodging only; while others provide meals, laundry services, and recreationa l facilities, as well as lodging. Lodging establishments

are classified in this subsector even if the provision of complementary services generates more revenue. The types of complementary services provided vary from establishment to establishment. The subsector is organized into three groups: (1) traveler accommodation, (2) recreati onal accommodation, and (3) rooming and boarding houses. The Traveler Accommodation industry group includes establishments that primarily provide traditional types of lodging services. This group includes hotels, motels, and bed-and-breakfast inns. In addition to lodging, these establishments may provide a range of other services to their guests. The RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreat ional Camps industry group includes establishments that operate lodging facilities primarily designed to accommodate outdoor enthusia sts. Included are travel trailer campsites, recreational vehicle parks, and outdoor adventure retreats. The Rooming and Boarding Houses industry group includes establishments providing temporary or longer-term accommodations, th at for the period of occupancy, may serve as a principal residence. Board (i.e., meals) may be provided but is not essential. Establishments that manage short- stay accommodation establishments (e.g., hotels and motels) on a contractual basis are classified in this subsector if they both mana ge the operation and provide the operating staff. Such

establishments are classified based on th e type of facility managed and operated.

7211 Traveler Accommodation T

72111 Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels T
See industry description for 721110 below.

721110 Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels, motor hotels, resort hotels, and motels. The estab lishments in this industry may offer food and beverage services, recreational services, conference rooms and convention services, laundry services, parking, and other

services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing short-term lodging with a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels; and

 Providing short-term lodging in f acilities known as bed-and-breakfast inns, youth hostels, housekeeping cabins and cottages, and tourist homes--are classified in Industry 72119, Other Traveler Accommodation.

72112 Casino Hotels T
See industry description for 721120 below.

721120 Casino HotelsThis industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in providing short-term lodging in hotel facilities with a casino on the premises. The casino on premises includes table wagering games and may include other gambling activities, such as slot machines and sports betting. Thes e establishments generally offer a range of services and amenities, such as food and beverage services, entertainm ent, valet parking, swimming pools, and conference and

convention facilities.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels and mote ls that provide limited gambling activities, such as slot machines, without a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 721110, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; and

 Operating as stand-alone casinos--ar e classified in Indust ry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels).

72119 Other Traveler Accommodation T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging (except hotels, motels, and casino hotels).

Illustrative Examples:

Bed-and-breakfast inns

Tourist homes

Guest houses

Youth hostels Housekeeping cabins and cottages

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing short-term lodging in fac ilities known as hotels with out a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 72111, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; and

 Providing short-term lodging in fac ilities known as hotels with a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 72112, Casino Hotels.

721191 Bed-and-Breakfast Inns

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing short-te rm lodging in facilities known as bed-and-breakfast inns. These establishments provide short-term lodging in private homes or small buildings converted for this purpose. Bed-and-breakfast inns are ch aracterized by a highly person alized service and inclusion

of a full breakfast in the room rate.

721199 All Other Traveler Accommodation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing short-term lodging (except hotels, motels, casino hotels, and bed-and-breakfast inns).

Illustrative Examples:

Guest houses

Tourist homes Housekeeping cabins and cottages

Youth hostels

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing short-term lodging in fac ilities known as hotels with out a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 721110, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; Providing short-term lodging in fac ilities known as hotels with a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels; and

 Providing short-term lodging in establishments known as bed-and-breakfast inns--are classified in U.S. Industry 721191, Bed-and-Breakfast Inns.

7212 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps T

72121 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating recreational vehicle parks and campgrounds and recreational and vacation camps. These establishments cater to outdoor enthusiasts and are characterized by the type of accommodation and by the na ture and the range of recreational facilities and activities provided to their clients.

Illustrative Examples:

Fishing and hunting camps Travel trailer campsites

Outdoor adventure retreats Vacation camps (except instructional, day) Recreational vehicle parks

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating recreational facilities without accommodations --are classified in Subsector 713, Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries;

 Operating instructional camps, such as sports camps, fi ne arts camps, and computer camps--are classified in Sector 61, Educational Services, based on the nature of instruction;

 Operating children's day camps (except instructional) --are classified in Industry 71399, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and

 Acting as lessors of residential mobile home sites (i.e ., trailer parks)--are classified in Industry 53119, Lessors of Other Real Estate Property.

721211 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Campgrounds

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in operating site s to accommodate campers and their equipment, including tents, tent trailers, travel trailers, and RVs (recreational vehicles ). These establishments may provide access to facilities, such as washrooms, laund ry rooms, recreation halls and playgrounds, stores, and

snack bars.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating recreational facilities without accommodations --are classified in Subsector 713, Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries; and

 Acting as lessors of residential mobile home sites (i.e ., trailer parks)--are classified in Industry 531190, Lessors of Other Real Estate Property.

721214 Recreational and Vacation Camps (except Campgrounds)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in operating overnight recreational camps, such as children's camps, family vacation camps, hunting and fishing camps, and outdoor adventure retreats that offer trail riding, white-water rafting, hiking, and similar activities. These establis hments provide accommodation facilities, such as cabins and fixed campsites, and other amenities, su ch as food services, recrea tional facilities and equipment, and organized recreational activities.Illustrative Examples:

Fishing camps Vacation camps (except instructional, day) Hunting camps Wilderness camps

Outdoor adventure retreats

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating instructional camps, such as sports camps, fi ne arts camps, and computer camps--are classified in Sector 61, Educational Services, based on the nature of instruction; and

 Operating children's day camps (except instructional) --are classified in Industry 713990, All Other

Amusement and Recreation Industries.

7213 Rooming and Boarding Houses T

72131 Rooming and Boarding Houses T
See industry description for 721310 below.

721310 Rooming and Boarding Houses

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating rooming and boarding houses and similar facilities, such as fraternity houses, sorority houses, off- campus dormitories, residential clubs, and workers' camps. These establishments provid e temporary or longer-term accommodations wh ich, for the period of occupancy, may serve as a principal residence. These establishments also may provide compleme ntary services, such as housekeeping, meals, and laundry services.

Illustrative Examples :

Dormitories (off campus) Sorority houses Fraternity houses Workers' camps Rooming houses

722 Food Services and Drinking Places T

Industries in the Food Services and Drinking Places subsector prepar e meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumpti on. There is a wide range of establishments in these industries. Some provide food and drink only; while others provide various combinations of seating space, waiter/waitress services and incidental amenities, such as li mited entertainment. The industries in the subsector are grouped based on the type and level of services provided. The industry groups are special food services, such as food service contractors, caterers, an d mobile food services; drinking places ; and restaurants and other eating places. Food and beverage services at hotels and motels; amusement parks, theaters, casinos, country clubs, and similar recreational facilities; and civic and social organizations are included in this subsector only if these services are provided by a separate establishment primarily engaged in providing food and beverage services.

Excluded from this subsector are esta blishments operating dinner cruises. These establishments are classified in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation be cause they utilize transportation equipment to provide

scenic recreational entertainment.

7223 Special Food Services T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food services at one or more of the following locations: (1) the customer's location; (2) a locat ion designated by the customer; or (3) from motorized

vehicles or nonmotorized carts.72231 Food Service Contractors T
See industry description for 722310 below.

722310 Food Service Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food services at institutional, governmental, commercial, or industrial locations of others based on contractual arrangements with these type of organizations for a specified period of time. The establis hments of this industry provide food services for the convenience of the contracting organization or the contracting organization's customers. The contractual arrangement of these establishments w ith contracting organizations may vary from type of facility operated (e.g., cafeteria, restaurant, fast-food eating pl ace), revenue sharing, cost structure, to providing personnel. Management staff is always provided by the food service contractors.

Illustrative Examples:

Airline food service contractors Food concession contractors (e.g., at s porting, entertainment, convention facilities) Cafeteria food service contractors (e.g., at schools, hospitals, government offices)

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing food services on a single-event basis--are classified in Industry 722320, Caterers; and

 Supplying and servicing food vending machines--are classified in Industry 454210, Vending Machine Operators.

72232 Caterers T
See industry description for 722320 below.

722320 Caterers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing single event-based food services. These establishments generally have equipment and vehicles to transport meals and snacks to events and/or prepare food at an off-premise site. Banquet halls with catering staff are included in this indu stry. Examples of events catered by establishments in this industry are graduation parties, wedding receptions, business or retirement luncheons, and

trade shows.

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing and serving meals and snacks for immediate consumpti on from motorized vehicles or

nonmotorized carts--are classified in In dustry 722330, Mobile Food Services;

 Providing food services at institutional, governmental, commercial, or industrial locations of others (e.g., airline contractors, industrial cater ers) or providing food services based on contractual arrangements for a specified period of time--are classified in Industry 722310, Food Service Contractors; and

 Renting out facilities without providing catering staff--are classi fied in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses).

72233 Mobile Food Services T
See industry description for 722330 below.

722330 Mobile Food Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing and serving meals and snacks for immediate consumption from motorized vehicles or nonmotor ized carts. The establishm ent is the central location

from which the caterer route is servi ced, not each vehicle or cart. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in providing food services from vehicles, such as hot dog carts and ice cream trucks.Illustrative Examples :

Ice cream truck vendors

Mobile food concession stands

Mobile canteens

Mobile refreshment stands

Mobile food carts

Mobile snack stands

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing food services where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants;

 Selling unprepared foods, such as vegetables, melons, and nuts or fruit from carts--are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments;

 Selling specialty snacks (e.g., ice cream, frozen yogurt, cookies, popcorn) or nonalcoholic beverages in nonmobile facilities for consumption on or near the prem ises--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Selling food specialties, such as hamburgers, hot dogs, chicken, pizza, or specialty cuisines from nonmobile facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Li mited-Service Restaurants or U.S. Industry 722511, Full-Service Restaurants, based on type of food services provided to patrons; and

 Operating as street vendors (except food)--are cl assified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling

Establishments.

7224 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing and serving alcoholic beverages for immediate consumption.

72241 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) T
See industry description for 722410 below.

722410 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages)

This industry comprises establishments known as bars , taverns, nightclubs, or drin king places primarily engaged in preparing and serving alcoholic beverages for immediate consumption. These establishments may also provide

limited food services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages (i.e., not known as bars or taverns) and providing food services to patrons--are classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places;

 Operating a civic or social association with a bar for the association members--are classified in Industry 813410, Civic and So cial Organizations;

 Retailing packaged alcoholic beverages not for immediate consumption on the premises--are classified in Industry 445310, Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores; and

 Operating discotheques or dance clubs without selling alcoholic beverages--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries.

7225 Restaurants and Other Eating Places T

72251 Restaurants and Other Eating Places TThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) providing food services to patrons who order and are served while seated (i.e., waiter/ waitress service), and pay after eating; (2) providing food services to patrons who generally order or select items (e.g., at a counter, in a buffet line) and pay before eating; or (3) preparing and/or serving a specialty snack (e.g., ice cream, frozen yogurt, co okies) and/or nonalcoholic beverages (e.g., coffee, juices, sodas) for consumption on or near the premises.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages and known as bars, taverns, or nightclubs--are classified in Industry 72241, Dr inking Places (Alcoholic Beverages);

 Preparing and serving snacks and nonalcoholic beverages from mobile vehicles--are classified in Industry 72233, Mobile Food Services;

 Presenting live theatrical productions and providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises-- are classified in Industry 71111, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters;

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts not packaged for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores; and

 Retailing baked goods (e.g., pretzels, doughnuts, cookies, and bagels) not baked on the premises and not for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores.

722511 Full-Service Restaurants

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing food services to patrons who order and are served while seated (i.e., waiter/waitress service) and pay after eating. These establishments may provide this type of food service to patrons in combination with selling alcoholic beverages, providing carryout services, or presenting live nontheatrical entertainment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing food services where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants;

 Selling a specialty snack or nonalcoholic beverage for consumption on or near the premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages and known as bars, taverns, or nightclubs--are classified in Industry 722410, Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages); and

 Presenting live theatrical productions and providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises-- are classified in Industry 711110, Th eater Companies and Dinner Theaters.

722513 Limited-Service Restaurants

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing food services (except snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars) where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating. Food and drink may be consumed on premises, taken out, or delivered to the customer's location. Some establishments in this industry may provide these food services in combination with selling alcoholic beverages.

Illustrative Examples:

Delicatessen restaurants Pizza delivery shops Family restaurants, limited-service Takeout eating places

Fast-food restaurants Takeout sandwich shops Limited-service pizza parlors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Preparing and serving meals for immediate consumption using cafeteria-style serving equipment, known as

cafeterias--are classified in U.S. Industry 722514, Cafeterias, Grill Buffets, and Buffets;

 Providing food services to patrons who order and are served while seated and pay after eating--are classified in U.S. Industry 7 22511, Full-Service Restaurants;

 Selling a specialty snack (e.g., ice cream, frozen yogurt, candy, cookies) or nonalcoholic beverages, for consumption on or near the premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts not packaged for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores;

 Retailing baked goods (e.g., pretzels, doughnuts, cookies, and bagels) not baked on the premises and not for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores; and

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages, known as bars, taverns, or nightclubs--are classified in Industry 722410, Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages).

722514 Cafeterias, Grill Buffets, and Buffets

This U.S. industry comprises establishments, known as cafeterias, grill buffets, or buffets, primarily engaged in preparing and serving meals for immediate consumption using cafeteria-style or buffet serving equipment, such as steam tables, refrigerated areas, display grills, and self-s ervice nonalcoholic beverage dispensing equipment. Patrons select from food and drink items on display in a continuous cafeteria line or from buffet stations.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing food services to patrons who order and are served while seated and pay after eating--are classified in U.S. Industry 7225 11, Full-Service Restaurants; and

 Providing food services where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating, other than cafeterias, grill buffets, buffets, and snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants.

722515 Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in (1) preparing and/or serving a specialty snack, such as ice cream, frozen yogurt, cookies, or popcorn, or (2) serving nonalcoholic beverages, such as coffee, juices, or sodas for consumption on or near the premises. Thes e establishments may carry and sell a combination of snack, nonalcoholic beverage, and other related products (e.g., coffee beans, mugs, coffee makers) but generally promote and sell a unique snack or nonalcoholic beverage.

Illustrative Examples:

Beverage bars Carryout service doughnut shops with on-premises baking Carryout service bagel shops with on-premises baking Carryout service pretzel shops with on-premises baking Carryout service cookie shops with on-premises baking Coffee shops, on-premises brewing Ice cream parlors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Selling one or more of the following food specialties: hamburgers, hot dogs, pizza, chicken, specialty cuisines--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants or U.S. Industry 722511, Full-Service Restaurants, based on type of food services provided to patrons;

 Preparing and serving snacks and nonalcoholic beverages from mobile vehicles--are classified in Industry 722330, Mobile Food Services; Retailing confectionery goods and nuts not packaged for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; and

 Retailing baked goods (e.g., pretzels, doughnuts, cookies, and bagels) not baked on the premises and not for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores.

## Sector 81--Other Services (ex cept Public Administration) T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Other Services (except Public Administration) sector comprises establishments engaged in providing services not specifically provided for elsewhere in the classification system. Establis hments in this sector are primarily engaged in activities such as equipment and machinery repa iring, promoting or admini stering religious activities, grantmaking, advocacy, and prov iding drycleaning and laundry services, pers onal care services, death care services, pet care services, photofinishing services, tem porary parking services, and dating services. Private households that engage in employing workers on or about the premises in activities primarily concerned with the operation of the househol d are included in this sector. Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in retailing new equipment and also performing repairs and general maintenance on equipment. These estab lishments are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade.

811 Repair and Maintenance T

Industries in the Repair and Maintenance subsector restore machinery, equipment, and other products to working order. These establishments also typically provide general or routine maintenance (i.e., servicing) on such products to ensure they work effici ently and to prevent breakdown and unnecessary repairs. The NAICS structure for this subsector brings together most types of repair and maintenance establishments and categorizes them based on production processes (i.e., on the type of repair and maintenance activity performed, and the necessary skills, expertise, and processes that are foun d in different repair and ma intenance establishments).

This NAICS classification does not delineat e between repair services provided to businesses versus those that serve households. Although some industries primarily serve either businesses or households, separation by class of customer is limited by the fact that many establishmen ts serve both. Establishments repairing computers and consumer electronics products are two examples of such overlap. The Repair and Maintenance subsector does not include a ll establishments that do repair and maintenance. For example, a substantial amount of repair is done by establishments that also manufacture machinery, equipment, and other goods. These establishments are included in the Ma nufacturing sector in NAICS. In addition, repair of transportation equipment is often provided by or based at tr ansportation facilities, such as airports and seaports, and these activities are included in the Transportation and Wareho using sector. A particularly unique situation exists with repair of buildings. Plumbing, electrical installation and repair, painting and decorating, and other

construction-related establishments are often involved in performing installation or other work on new construction as well as providing repair services on existing struct ures. While some specialize in repair, it is difficult to distinguish between the two types and all have been included in the Construction sector. Excluded from this subsector are establishments pr imarily engaged in rebuilding or remanufacturing machinery and equipment. These are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing. Also excluded are retail establishments that provide after-sale services and repair. These are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade.

8111 Automotive Repair and Maintenance T

This industry group comprises establishments invo lved in providing repair and maintenance services for automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers. Establishments in this industry group employ mechanics with specialized technical skills to dia gnose and repair the mechanical and electrical systems for automotive vehicles, repair automotive interiors, and paint or repair automotive exteriors.

81111 Automotive Mechanical and Electrical Repair and Maintenance T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing mechanical or electrical repair and maintenance services for automotive vehicles, such as pa ssenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers. These establishments may specialize in a single service or may provide a wide range of these services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Retailing automotive vehicles and automotive parts and accessories and also providing automotive repair

services--are classified in Subsector 441, Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers;

 Retailing motor fuels and also providing automotive ve hicle repair services--are classified in Industry Group 4471, Gasoline Stations;

 Changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis of auto motive vehicles--are classi fied in Industry 81119, Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance;

 Providing automotive vehicle air-conditioning repair--a re classified in Industry 81119, Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are cl assified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

811111 General Automotive Repair

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing (1) a wide range of mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance services for automotive ve hicles, such as passenger car s, trucks, and vans, and all trailers or (2) engine repair and replacement.

Illustrative Examples:

Automobile repair garages (except gasoline service stations) General automotive repair shops Automotive engine repair and replacement shops

Cross-References . Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new automotive parts and accessories and al so providing automotive repair services--are classified in Industry 441310, Automo tive Parts and Accessories Stores;

 Changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis of auto motive vehicles--are classified in U.S. Industry 811191, Automotive Oil Change and Lubrication Shops;

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle exhaust sy stems--are classified in U.S. Industry 811112, Automotive Exhaust System Repair;

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle transmi ssions--are classified in U.S. Industry 811113, Automotive Transmission Repair;

 Retailing motor fuels and also providing automotive ve hicle repair services--are classified in Industry Group 4471, Gasoline Stations;

 Retailing automobiles and light trucks for highway use and also providing automotive repair services--are classified in Industry Group 4411, Automobile Dealers; and

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

811112 Automotive Exhaust System Repair

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in replacing or repairing exhaust systems of automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans.

Illustrative Examples:

Automotive exhaust system replacement and repair shops Automotive muffler replacement and repair shops

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

811113 Automotive Transmission RepairThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in replacing or repairing transmissions of automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

811118 Other Automotive Mechanical a nd Electrical Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing speciali zed mechanical or electrical repair and maintenance services (except engine repair and replacement, exhaust systems repair, and transmission repair) for automotive vehicles, such as pass enger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers.

Illustrative Examples:

Automotive brake repair shops Automotive radiator repair shops Automotive electrical repair shops Automotive tune-up shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing a wide range of mechani cal and electrical automotive vehicle repair or specializing in engine repair or replacement--are classified in U.S. Industry 811111, General Automotive Repair;

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle exhaust sy stems--are classified in U.S. Industry 811112, Automotive Exhaust System Repair;

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle transmi ssions--are classified in U.S. Industry 811113, Automotive Transmission Repair;

 Providing automotive vehicle air-conditioning repair--a re classified in U.S. Industry 811198, All Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

81112 Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) repairing or customizing automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailer bodies and interiors; (2) painting automotive vehicle and trailer bodies; (3) replacing, repairing, and/or tinting automotive vehicle glass; and (4) customizing automobile, truck, and van interiors for the physically disabled or other customers with special requirements.

Illustrative Examples:

Automotive body shops Automotive paint shops Automotive glass shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing automotive vehicles and trailers or customizing these vehi cles on an assembly-line basis-- are classified in Subsector 336, Tran sportation Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are cl assified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.811121 Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in repairing or customizing automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailer bodies and interiors; and/or painting automotive vehicles and

trailer bodies.

Illustrative Examples:

Automotive body shops Automotive upholstery shops Automotive paint shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Automotive glass replacement, repair and/or tinting--are classified in U.S. In dustry 811122, Automotive Glass Replacement Shops;

 Manufacturing automotive vehicles and trailers or customizing these vehi cles on an assembly-line basis-- are classified in Subsector 336, Tran sportation Equipment Manufacturing; and

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

811122 Automotive Glass Replacement Shops

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in replacing, repairing, and/or tinting automotive vehicle, such as passenger car, truck, and van, glass.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

81119 Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing automotive repair and maintenance services (except mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance; transmission repair; and body, paint, interior, and glass repair) for automotive vehicl es, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers.

Illustrative Examples:

Automotive air-conditioning repair shops Automotive tire repair shops Automotive oil change and lubrication shops

Car washes Automotive rustproofing and undercoating shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Tire retreading or recapping--are classified in Industry 32621, Tire Manufacturing;

 Automotive vehicle mechanical and el ectrical repair and main tenance--are classified in Industry 81111,

Automotive Mechanical and Electri cal Repair and Maintenance;

 Automotive body, paint, interior, and glass repair--are classified in Industry 81112, Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair; and

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are cl assified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

811191 Automotive Oil Change and Lubrication ShopsThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis of automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance.

811192 Car Washes

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in cleaning, washing, and/or waxing automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and trailers.

Illustrative Examples:

Automotive detail shops

Mobile car and truck washes

Car washes

811198 All Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in providing automotive repair and maintenance services (except mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance; body, paint, interior, and glass repair; motor oil change and lubrication; and car washing) for automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all

trailers.

Illustrative Examples:

Automotive air-conditioning repair shops Automotive tire repair (except retreading) shops Automotive rustproofing and undercoating shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Tire retreading or recapping--are classified in U.S. Industry 326212, Tire Retreading;

 Providing a range of mechanical and electrical automotive vehicle repair or specializing in engine repair or replacement--are classified in U.S. Industry 811111, General Automotive Repair;

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle exhaust sy stems--are classified in U.S. Industry 811112, Automotive Exhaust System Repair;

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle transmi ssions--are classified in U.S. Industry 811113, Automotive Transmission Repair;

 Repairing or customizing automotive vehicle bodies and interiors--are classified in U.S. Industry 811121, Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance;

 Replacing, repairing, and/or tinting automotive glass--a re classified in U.S. Industry 811122, Automotive Glass Replacement Shops;

 Changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis of auto motive vehicles--are classified in U.S. Industry 811191, Automotive Oil Change and Lubrication Shops;

 Cleaning, washing, and/or waxing automotive vehicles and trailers--are classified in U.S. Industry 811192, Car Washes;

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are cl assified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing and installing audio equipment--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and

Accessories Stores.8112 Electronic and Precision Equi pment Repair and Maintenance T

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing electronic equipment, such as computers and communications equipment, and highly specialized precision instruments. Establishments in this industry group typically have staff skilled in repa iring items having complex, electronic components.

81121 Electronic and Precision E quipment Repair and Maintenance T

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in repairing and maintaining one or more of the following: (1) consumer electronic equipment; (2) comput ers; (3) office machines; (4) communication equipment; and (5) other electronic and precision equipment and instruments, without retailing these products as new. Establishments in this industry repair items, such as micr oscopes, radar and sonar equipment, televisions, stereos, video recorders, computers, fax machines, photocopying machines, two-way radios and other communications equipment, scientific instruments, and medical equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing and monitoring home security systems--are classified in Industry 56162, Security Systems Services;

 Retailing new radios, televisions, and other consumer electronics and also providing repair services--are classified in Industry 44314, El ectronics and Appliance Stores;

 Retailing new computers and computer peripherals and al so providing repair serv ices--are classified in Industry 44314, Electronics and Appliance Stores; and

 Rewinding armatures and rebuilding electric motors on a factory basis--are classified in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing.

811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in repairing and maintaining consumer electronics, such as televisions, stereos, speakers, video recorders, CD players, radios, and cameras, without retailing new

consumer electronics.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Repairing computers and peripheral equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811212, Computer and Office Machine Repair and Maintenance;

 Installing and monitoring home security systems--are cl assified in U.S. Industry 561621, Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths);

 Retailing new radios, televisions, and other consumer electronics and also providing repair services--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and

 Repairing two-way radios--are classified in U.S. Industry 811213, Communication Equipment Repair and

Maintenance.

811212 Computer and Office Machin e Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in repairing and maintaining computers and office machines without retailing new computers and office m achines, such as photocopying machines; computer terminals, storage devices, and printers; and CD-ROM drives.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new computers and computer peripherals and also providing repair services --are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and

 Repairing and servicing fax machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 811213, Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance.811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in repairing and maintaining communications equipment without retailing new communication equipment, such as telephones, fax machines, communications transmission equipment, and two-way radios.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new telephones and also providing repair services--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and

 Repairing stereo and other consumer electronic equi pment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811211, Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance.

811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primar ily engaged in repairing and maintaining (without retailing) electronic and precision equipment (except consumer electronics, computers and office machines, and communications equipment). Establishments in this indu stry repair and maintain equipment, such as medical diagnostic imaging equipment, measuring and surveying instruments, laboratory instruments, and radar and sonar equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Rewinding armatures and rebuilding electric motors on a factory basis--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 335312, Motor and Generator Manufacturing;

 Repairing stereo and other consumer electronic equi pment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811211, Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance;

 Repairing computers and office machin es--are classified in U.S. Indu stry 811212, Computer and Office Machine Repair and Maintenance; and

 Repairing communications equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811213, Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance.

8113 Commercial and Industrial Mach inery and Equipment (except Auto motive and Electronic) Repair

and Maintenance T

81131 Commercial and Industrial Mach inery and Equipment (except Auto motive and Electronic) Repair

and Maintenance T
See industry description for 811310 below.

811310 Commercial and Industrial Mach inery and Equipment (except Auto motive and Electronic) Repair

and Maintenance

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the repair and maintenance of commercial and industrial machinery and equipment. Establishments in th is industry either sharpen/install commercial and industrial machinery blades and saws or provide welding (e.g., automotiv e, general) repair services; or repair agricultural and other heavy and industrial machinery and equipment (e.g., forklifts and other materials handling equipment, machine tools, commercial refrigeration equipment, construction equipment, and mining machinery).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Automotive repair (except welding) and maintenance are--classified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance;

 Repairing and maintaining electronic and precision equipm ent--are classified in In dustry 81121, Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance;

 Repairing and servicing aircraft--are classified in Industry 488190, Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; Converting, rebuilding, and overhau ling aircraft--are classified in In dustry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing;

 Repairing and servicing railroad cars and engines--are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for Rail Transportation;

 Rebuilding or remanufacturing railroad engines and cars--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing;

 Repairing and overhauling ships at floating dry docks--are classified in Industry 488390, Other Support Activities for Water Transportation;

 Repairing and overhauling ships at shipyards--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 336611, Ship Building and Repairing;

 Rewinding armatures or rebuilding electric motors on a factory basis--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 335312, Motor and Generator Manufacturing; and

 Repairing and maintaining home and garden equipment (e .g., sharpening or installing blades and saws)--are classified in U.S. Industry 811411, Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance.

8114 Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance T

81141 Home and Garden Equipment and Appliance Repair and Maintenance T

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and servicing home and garden equipment and/or household-type appliances without retailing new equipm ent or appliances. Establishments in this industry repair and maintain items, such as la wnmowers, edgers, snow- and leaf-blowers, washing machines, clothes dryers, and refrigerators.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing outdoor power equipment and also providing repair services--are classified in Industry 44421, Outdoor Power Equipment Stores;

 Retailing an array of new appliances and also providing repair services--are classified in Industry 44314, Electronics and Appliance Stores;

 Repairing, servicing, or installing central heating and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 23822, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; and

 Repairing commercial refrigeration equipment--are classified in Industry 81131, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (ex cept Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance.

811411 Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in repairing and servicing home and garden equipment without retailing new home and garden equipment, such as lawnmowers, handheld power tools, edgers, snow- and leaf-blowers, and trimmers.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in retailing new outdoor power equipment and also providing repair services are classified in Industry 444210, Outdoor Power Equipment Stores.

811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in repairing and servicing household applianceswithout retailing new appliances, such as refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, clothes dryers, and room airconditioners.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Installing central heating and air-conditioning equipmen t--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Repairing commercial refrigeration equipment--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipmen t (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and

 Retailing an array of new appliances and also providin g repair services--are classified in U.S. Industry 443141, Household Appliance Stores.

81142 Reupholstery and Furniture Repair T
See industry description for 811420 below.

811420 Reupholstery and Furniture Repair

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in one or more of the following: (1) reupholstering furniture; (2) refinishing furniture; (3) repairing furniture; and (4) repairing and restoring furniture.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Automotive vehicle and trailer upholstery repair--are classified in U.S. Industry 811121, Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance; and

 The restoration of museum pieces--are classified in Industry 711510, Indepe ndent Artists, Writers, and

Performers.

81143 Footwear and Leather Goods Repair T
See industry description for 811430 below.

811430 Footwear and Leather Goods Repair

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing footwear and/or repairing other leather or leather-like goods without retailing new footwear and leather or leather-like goods, such as handbags and briefcases.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Retailing new luggage and leather goods and also providing repair services--are classified in Industry 448320, Luggage and Leather Goods Stores;

 Shining shoes--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services; and

 Repairing leather clothing--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair

and Maintenance.

81149 Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance T
See industry description for 811490 below.

811490 Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and servicing personal or household-type goods without retailing new personal or household-type goods (except home and garden equipment, appliances, furniture, and footwear and leather goods). Establishments in this industry repair items, such as garments; watches; jewelry; musical instruments; bicycles and motorcycles; and motorboats, canoes, sailboats, and other recreational

boats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Repairing home and garden equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811411, Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance;

 Repairing appliances--are classified in U.S. Industry 811412, Appliance Repair and Maintenance;

 Reupholstering and repairing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair;

 Repairing footwear and leather goods--are classified in Industry 811430, Footwear and Leather Goods Repair; Operating marinas and providing a range of other services including boat cleaning and repair--are classified in Industry 713930, Marinas; and

 Drycleaning garments--are classified in Industry Group 8123, Drycleaning and Laundry Services.

812 Personal and Laundry Services T

Industries in the Personal and Laundry Services subsect or group establishments that provide personal and laundry services to individuals, households, and businesses. Services performed include: personal care services; death care services; laundry and drycleaning services; and a wide rang e of other personal services, such as pet care (except veterinary) services, photofinishing services, temporary parking services, and dating services. The Personal and Laundry Services subsector is by no means all-inclusive of the services that could be termed personal services (i.e., those provided to individuals rather than businesses). There are many other subsectors, as well as sectors, that provide services to persons. Establishments providing legal, accounting, tax preparation, architectural, portrait photography, and similar professional services are classified in Sector 54, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; those providing job pl acement, travel arrangement, home security, interior and exterior house cleaning, exterminating, lawn and garden care, and similar support services ar e classified in Sector 56, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services; those providing health and social services are classified in Sector 62, Health Ca re and Social Assistance; t hose providing amusement and

recreation services are classified in Sector 71, Arts, Entertai nment, and Recreation; those providing educational

instruction are classified in Sector 61, Educational Services; those providing repair services are classified in Subsector 811, Repair and Maintenance; and those providing spiritual, civic, and advocacy services are classified in Subsector 813, Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations.

8121 Personal Care Services

This industry group comprises establishments, such as barber and beauty shops, that provide ap pearance care services to individual consumers.

81211 Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in one or more of the following: (1) providing hair care services; (2) providing nail care services; and (3) providing facials or applying makeup (except permanent makeup).

Illustrative Examples:

Barber shops Hair stylist shops Beauty salons

Nail salons Cosmetology salons

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Offering training in barbering, hair styling, or the co smetic arts--are classified in Industry 61151, Technical and Trade Schools;

 Providing massage, electrolysis (i.e., hair removal), permanent makeup, or tanning services--are classified in Industry 81219, Other Personal Care Services; and

 Providing medical skin care services (e.g., cosmetic surgery, dermatology)--are classified in Sector 62,

Health Care and Social Assistance.

812111 Barber Shops

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops primarily engaged in cutting, trimming, and styling men's and boys' hair; and/or shaving and trimming men's beards.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Offering training in barbering--are classified in U.S. Industry 611511, Cosmetology and Barber Schools;

and

 Providing hair care services (excep t establishments known as barber shops or men's hair stylists)--are

classified in U.S. Indust ry 812112, Beauty Salons.

812112 Beauty Salons

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except those known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops) primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting, trimming, shampooing, coloring, waving, or styling hair; (2) providing facials; and (3) applying makeup (except permanent makeup).

Illustrative Examples:

Beauty parlors or shops Facial salons or shops Combined beauty and barber shops Hairdressing salons or shops Cosmetology salons or shops Unisex or women's hair stylist shops

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Cutting, trimming, and styling men's and boys' hair (known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops)--are

classified in U.S. Indust ry 812111, Barber Shops;

 Offering training in hair styling or the cosmetic arts --are classified in U.S. Industry 611511, Cosmetology and Barber Schools;

 Providing nail care services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812113, Nail Salons;

 Providing massage, electrolysis (i.e., hair removal), permanent makeup, or tanning services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812199, Other Personal Care Services; and

 Providing medical skin care services (e.g., cosmetic surgery, dermatology)--are classified in Sector 62,

Health Care and Social Assistance.

812113 Nail Salons

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nail care services, such as manicures, pedicures, and nail extensions.

81219 Other Personal Care Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing personal care services (except hair, nail, facial, or nonpermanent makeup services).

Illustrative Examples:

Depilatory or electrolysis (i.e., hair removal) salons Permanent makeup salons Ear piercing services

Steam or turkish baths Hair replacement (except by offices of physicians) or weaving services Tanning salons Massage parlors Tattoo parlors Nonmedical diet and weight reducing centers

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Providing hair, nail, facial, or nonpermanent makeup services--are classified in Industry 81211, Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services;

 Operating physical fitness facilities--are classified in Industry 71394, Fitness and Recreational Sports
Centers;

 Operating health resorts and spas that provide lodging--are classified in Industry 72111, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; and

 Providing medical or surgical hair re placement or weight reduction--are cla ssified in Sector 62, Health Care

and Social Assistance.

812191 Diet and Weight Reducing Centers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nonmedical services to assist clients in attaining or maintaining a desired weight. The sale of weight reduction products, such as food supplements, may be an integral component of the program. These services typically include individual or group counseling, menu and exercise planning, and weight and body measurement monitoring.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating physical fitness facilities--are classified in Industry 713940, Fitness and Recreational Sports
Centers;

 Operating health resorts and spas th at provide lodging--are classified in Industry 721110, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; and

 Providing medical or surgical weight reduction--are classified in Sector 62, Health Care and Social

Assistance.

812199 Other Personal Care Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in providing personal care services (except hair, nail, facial, nonpermanent make up, or nonmedical diet and weight reducing services).

Illustrative Examples:

Depilatory or electrolysis (i.e., hair removal) salons

Saunas Ear piercing services

Steam or turkish baths Hair replacement (except by offices of physicians) or weaving services Tanning salons Massage parlors Tattoo parlors Permanent makeup salons

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Cutting, trimming, and styling men's and boys' hair (known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops)--are

classified in U.S. Indust ry 812111, Barber Shops;

 Providing hair, facial, or nonpermanen t makeup services (except establishments known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops)--are classified in U.S. Industry 812112, Beauty Salons;

 Nail care services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812113, Nail Salons;

 Providing nonmedical diet and weight reducing services --are classified in U.S. Industry 812191, Diet and Weight Reducing Centers; and

 Providing medical or surgical hair replacement or weight reduction servic es--are classified in Sector 62,

Health Care and Social Assistance.

8122 Death Care Services81221 Funeral Homes and Funeral Services See industry description for 812210 below.

812210 Funeral Homes and Funeral Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial or interment and conducting funerals (i.e., providing facilities for wakes, arranging transportation for the dead, selling caskets and related merchandise). Funeral homes combined with crematories are included in this industry.

Cross-References.

Establishments (except funeral homes) primarily engaged in cremating the dead are classified in Industry 812220,

Cemeteries and Crematories.

81222 Cemeteries and Crematories See industry description for 812220 below.

812220 Cemeteries and Crematories

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in operating sites or structures reserved for the interment of human or animal remains and/or cremating the dead.

Illustrative Examples:

Cemetery associations (i.e., operators of cemeteries) Memorial gardens (i.e., burial places) Crematories (except combined with funeral homes)

Pet cemeteries

Mausoleums

Cross-References.

Crematories combined with funeral homes are classified in Industry 8122 10, Funeral Homes and Funeral Services.

8123 Drycleaning and Laundry Services

81231 Coin-Operated Laundries and Drycleaners See industry description for 812310 below.

812310 Coin-Operated Laundries and Drycleaners

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in (1) operating facilities with coin-operated or similar self-service laundry and drycleaning equipment for customer use on the premises and/or (2) supplying and servicing coin-operated or similar self-service laundry and drycleaning eq uipment for customer use in places of business operated by others, such as apartments and dormitories.

81232 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated) See industry description for 812320 below.

812320 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) providing drycleaning services (except coin-operated); (2) providing laundering services (except linen and uniform supply or coin-operated); (3) providing dropoff and pickup sites for laundries and/or drycleaners; and (4) providing specialty cleaning services for specific types of garments and other te xtile items (except carpets and upholstery), such as fur,leather, or suede garments; wedding gowns; hats; draperies; and pillows. These establishments may provide all, a combination of, or none of the cl eaning services on the premises.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Supplying laundered linens and uniforms on a rental or contract basis--are classified in Industry 81233, Linen and Uniform Supply;

 Operating coin-operated or similar self-service laundry or drycleaning facilities--are classified in Industry 812310, Coin-Operated Laundries and Drycleaners; and

 Cleaning used carpets and upholstery--are classified in Industry 561740, Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning

Services.

81233 Linen and Uniform Supply

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered items, such as uniforms, gowns and coats, table linens, bed linens, towels, clean room apparel, and treated mops or shop towels.

812331 Linen Supply

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered items, such as table and bed linens; towels; diapers; and uniforms, gowns, or coats of the type used by doctors, nurses, barbers, beauticians, and waitresses.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered industrial work uniforms and related work clothing are classified in U.S. Industry 812332, Industrial Launderers.

812332 Industrial Launderers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered industrial work uniforms and related work clothing , such as protective apparel (flame and heat resistant) and clean room apparel; dust control items, such as treated mops, rugs, mats, dust tool covers, cloths, and shop or wiping towels.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered uniforms, gowns or coats of the type used by doctors, nurses, barbers, beauticians , and waitresses are classified in U.S. Industry 812331, Linen Supply.

8129 Other Personal Services

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing personal services (except personal care services, death care services, or drycleaning and laundry services).

81291 Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services See industry description for 812910 below.

812910 Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing pet care services (except veterinary), such as boarding, grooming, sitting, and training pets.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- Practicing veterinary medicine--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services;

 Boarding horses--are classified in Industry 11521 0, Support Activities for Animal Production; and

 Transporting pets--are classified in U.S. In dustry 485991, Special Needs Transportation.

81292 Photofinishing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in processing motion picture film for the motion picture and television industries are classified in Industry 51219, Postproduction Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries.

812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour)

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except those known as "one-hour" photofinishing labs) primarily engaged in developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in processing motion picture film for the motion picture and television industries are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries; and

 Establishments known as "one-hour" photofinishing labs are classified in U.S. Industry 812922, One-Hour Photofinishing.

812922 One-Hour Photofinishing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as "one-hour" photofinishing labs primarily engaged indeveloping film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements on a short turnaround or while-youwait basis.

Cross-References.

Photofinishing laboratories (except those known as "one -hour" photofinishing labs) are classified in U.S. Industry 812921, Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour).

81293 Parking Lots and Garages See industry description for 812930 below.

812930 Parking Lots and Garages

This industry comprises establishments primarily e ngaged in providing parking sp ace for motor vehicles, usually on an hourly, daily, or monthly basis and/or valet parking services.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing extended or dead storage of motor vehicles are classified in Industry 493190, Other Warehousing and Storage.

81299 All Other Personal Services See industry description for 812990 below.

812990 All Other Personal ServicesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing personal services (except personal care services, death care services, drycleanin g and laundry services, pet care services, photofinishing services, or parking space and/or valet parking services).

Illustrative Examples:

Bail bonding or bondsperson services

Shoeshine services Coin-operated personal services machine (e.g., blood pres sure, locker, photographic, s cale, shoeshine) concession

operators
Social escort services Consumer buying services Wedding planning services Dating services

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing personal care services--are classified in Industry Group 8121, Personal Care Services;

 Providing death care services--a re classified in Industry Group 8122, Death Care Services;

 Providing drycleaning and laundry services--are classified in Industry Group 8123, Drycleaning and Laundry Services;

 Providing pet care (except veterinary) services--are classified in Industry 812910, Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services;

 Practicing veterinary medicine--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services;

 Providing photofinishing services--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing; and

 Providing parking space for motor vehicles and/or valet parking services--are classified in Industry 812930, Parking Lots and Garages.

813 Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations T

Industries in the Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations subsector group establishments that organize and promote religious activities; support various causes through grantmaking; advocate various social and political causes; and promote and defend the interests of their members. The industry groups within the subsector are defined in terms of their activities, such as establishments that provide funding for specific causes or for a variety of charitable causes; esta blishments that advocate and actively promote causes and beliefs for the public good; and establishments that have an active membership structure to promote causes and represent the interests of their memb ers. Establishments in this subsector may publish newsletters, books, and periodicals, for distribution to their membership.

8131 Religious Organizations

81311 Religious Organizations See industry description for 813110 below.

813110 Religious Organizations

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating religious organizations, such as churches, religious temples, and monasteries, and/or (2) establishments primarily engaged in administering an organized religion or promoting religious activities.

Illustrative Examples:

Churches Shrines, religious Monasteries (except schools) SynagoguesMosques, religious Temples, religious

Cross-References.

 Schools, colleges, or universities operated by religious organizations are classified in Sector 61, Educational Services;

 Radio and television stations operated by religious organizations are classified in Subsector 515, Broadcasting (except Internet);

 Publishing houses operated by religious organizations are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet);

 Establishments operated by religious organizations primarily engaged in health and social assistance for

individuals are classified in Sector 62, Health Care and Social Assistance; and

 Used merchandise stores operated by religious organizations are classified in Industry 453310, Used

Merchandise Stores.

8132 Grantmaking and Giving Services

81321 Grantmaking and Giving Services

This industry comprises (1) establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts and (2) establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for a wi de range of social welfare activities, such as health, educational, scientific, and cultural activities.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Providing trust management services for others--are classified in Industry 52392, Portfolio Management;

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 56149, Other Business Support Services;

 Providing telemarketing services for others--are cla ssified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call Centers;

 Raising funds for political purposes--are classi fied in Industry 81394, Political Organizations;

 Advocating social causes or issues--are classified in Industry 81331, Social Advocacy Organizations; and

 Conducting health research--are classi fied in Industry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences.

813211 Grantmaking Foundations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments kn own as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts. Establishments in this industry award grants from trus t funds based on a competitive selection process or the preferences of the foundation managers and grantors; or fund a single entity, such as a museum or university.

Illustrative Examples:

Community foundations Philanthropic trusts Corporate foundations, awarding grants Scholarship trusts Grantmaking foundations

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing trust management services for others are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management.

813212 Voluntary Health OrganizationsThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily en gaged in raising funds for health related research, such as disease (e.g., heart, cancer, diabetes) preven tion, health education, and patient services.

Illustrative Examples:

Disease awareness fundraising organizations

Health research fund raising organizations Disease research (e.g., heart, cancer) fundraising organizations Voluntary health organizations

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for a wide range of social welfare activities, such as educational, scientific, cultural, or health, are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 813219, Other Grantmaking and Giving Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis are classified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business Support Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing telemark eting services for others are classified in U.S. Industry 561422, Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers;

 Establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts are classi fied in U.S. Industry 813211, Grantmaking Foundations;

 Establishments primarily engaged in conducting biotechnology research and development in health sciences are classified in U.S. Industry 541711, Research and Development in Biotechnology; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in conducting health research (except biotechnology research and development) are classified in U.S. Industry 54 1712, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Scienc es (except Biotechnology).

813219 Other Grantmaking and Giving Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except voluntary health organizations) primarily engaged in raising funds for a wide range of social welfare activities, su ch as educational, scientific, cultural, and health.

Illustrative Examples:

Community chests

United fund councils

Federated charities United funds for colleges

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for hea lth related research are classified in U.S. Industry 813212, Voluntary Health Organizations;

 Establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts are classi fied in U.S. Industry 813211, Grantmaking Foundations;

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis are classified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business Support Services;

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing telemark eting services for others are classified in U.S. Industry 561422, Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers;

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising funds fo r political purposes are classified in Industry 813940, Political Organizations; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in advocating social causes or issues are classified in Industry 81331, Social Advocacy Organizations.

8133 Social Advocacy Organizations81331 Social Advocacy Organizations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting a particular cause or working for the realization of a specific social or political goal to benefit a broad or specific constituency. These organizations may solicit contributions and offer memberships to support these goals.

Illustrative Examples:

Community action advocacy organizations Firearms advocacy organizations Conservation advocacy organizations Human rights advocacy organizations

Environmental advo cacy organizations Wildlife preservation organizations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Promoting the civic and social interests of their memb ers--are classified in Industry 81341, Civic and Social Organizations;

 Promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees--are classified in Industry 81393, Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; and

 Providing legal services for social advocacy organizations-- are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal

Services.

813311 Human Rights Organizations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting causes as sociated with human rights either for a broad or specific constituency. Establishments in this industry address issues, such as protecting and promoting the broad constitutional rights and civil liberties of individuals and those suffering from neglect, abuse, or exploitation; promoting the interests of specific groups, such as children, women, senior citizens, or persons with disabilities; improving relations between racial, ethnic, and cultural groups; and promoting voter education and registration. These organizations may solicit contributions and offer memberships to support these causes.

Illustrative Examples:

Civil liberties organizations Senior citizens' advocacy organizations Human rights advocacy organizations Veterans' rights organizations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees--are classified in Industry 813930, Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; and

 Providing legal services for human rights organizations--are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal

Services.

813312 Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primaril y engaged in promoting the preservation and protection of the

environment and wildlife. Establishments in this indust ry address issues, such as clean air and water; global warming; conserving and developing natural resources, including land, plant, water, and energy resources; and protecting and preserving wildlife and endangered species. These organizations may solicit contributions and offer memberships to support these causes.

Illustrative Examples:Animal rights organizations Natural resource preservation organizations Conservation advocacy organizations Wildlife preservation organizations

Humane societies

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in providing lega l services for environment, conservation, and wildlife organizations are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal Services.

813319 Other Social Advocacy Organizations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments prim arily engaged in so cial advocacy (except human rights and environmental protection, conservation, and wildlife preserva tion). Establishments in this industry address issues, such as peace and international unders tanding; community action (excluding civic organizations); or advancing social causes, such as firearms safety , drunk driving prevention, or drug abuse awareness. These organizations may solicit contributions and offer memberships to support these causes.

Illustrative Examples:

Community action advocacy organizations Substance abuse preventio n advocacy organizations Firearms advocacy organizations Taxpayers' advocacy organizations Peace advocacy organizations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Advocating human rights issues--are classified in U.S. Industry 813311, Human Rights Organizations;

 Promoting the preservation and protection of the environm ent and wildlife--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 813312, Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations;

 Promoting the civic and social interests of their memb ers--are classified in I ndustry 813410, Civic and Social Organizations;

 Providing legal services for social advocacy organizations-- are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal Services; and

 Providing community action services, such as commun ity action services agencies--are classified in Industry 624190, Other Individual and Family Services.

8134 Civic and Social Organizations

81341 Civic and Social Organizations See industry description for 813410 below.

813410 Civic and Social Organizations

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in promoting the civic and social interests of their members. Establishments in this industry may operate bars and restaurants for their members.

Illustrative Examples:

Alumni associations Granges Automobile clubs (except travel)

Parent-teacher associationsBooster clubs Scouting organizations

Ethnic associations

Social clubs Fraternal lodges Veterans' membership organizations

Cross-References.

 Establishments of insurance offices operated by fratern al benefit organizations ar e classified in Subsector 524, Insurance Carriers and Related Activities;

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating residentia l fraternity and sorority houses are classified in Industry 721310, Rooming and Boarding Houses; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing travel arrangements an d reservation services, such as

automobile travel clubs or motor tr avel clubs are classified in U.S. Industry 561599, All Other Travel Arrangement and Rese rvation Services.

8139 Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the interests of their members (except religious organizations, social advocacy organizations, and civic and social organizations). Examples of establishments in this industry are business associations, professional organizations, labor unions, and political organizations.

81391 Business Associations See industry description for 813910 below.

813910 Business Associations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in promoting the business interests of their members. These establishments may conduct research on new products and services; develop market statistics; sponsor quality and certification standards; lobby public officials; or publish newsletters, books, or periodicals for distribution to

their members.

Illustrative Examples:

Agricultural organizations (except youth farming organizations, farm granges)

Real estate boards

Chambers of commerce

Trade associations

Manufacturers' associations

Cross-References.

 Establishments owned by their members but organized to perform a specific business function, such as common marketing of crops, joint advertising, or buying cooperatives, are classified according to their primary activity;

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting th e professional interests of their members and the profession as a whole are cl assified in Industry 813920, Professional Organizations;

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees, such as trade unions, are classified in Industry 813930, Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in lobbying public officials (i.e., lobbyists) are classified in Industry 541820, Public Relations Agencies.

81392 Professional Organizations See industry description for 813920 below.813920 Professional Organizations

This industry comprises establishments primarily enga ged in promoting the professional interests of their members and the profession as a whole. These establishments ma y conduct research; develop statistics; sponsor quality and certification standards; lobby public officials; or publish ne wsletters, books, or periodicals, for distribution to their

members.

Illustrative Examples:

Bar associations

Learned societies

Dentists' associations

Peer review boards Engineers' associations

Professional standards review boards Health professionals' associations

Scientists' associations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Promoting the business interests of their member s--are classified in Industry 813910, Business Associations; and

 Lobbying public officials (i.e., lobbyists)--are classified in Industry 541820, Public Relations Agencies.

81393 Labor Unions and Sim ilar Labor Organizations See industry description for 813930 below.

813930 Labor Unions and Sim ilar Labor Organizations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees.

81394 Political Organizations See industry description for 813940 below.

813940 Political Organizations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engage d in promoting the interests of national, state, or local political parties or candidates. Included are political gr oups organized to raise funds for a political party or

individual candidates.

Illustrative Examples:

Campaign organizations, political Political organizations or clubs Political action committees (PACs) Political parties Political campaign organizations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a cont ract or fee basis--are cla ssified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business Support Services; and

 Providing telemarketing services for others--are classi fied in U.S. Industry 561422, Telemarketing Bureaus

and Other Contact Centers.81399 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations) See industry description for 813990 below.

813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations)

This industry comprises establishments (except relig ious organizations, social advocacy organizations, civic and social organizations, business associations, professional organizations, labor unions, and political organizations) primarily engaged in promoting the interests of their members.

Illustrative Examples:

Athletic associations, regulatory or administrative Property owners' associations

Condominium and homeowners' associations Tenant associations (except advocacy) Cooperative owners' associations

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating religious organizations, such as churches, religious temples, and monasteries--are classified in Industry 813110, Religious Organizations;

 Raising funds for a wide range of social welfare activities and establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts--are classified in Industry 81321, Grantmaking and Giving Services;

 Advocating social causes or issues--are classified in Industry 81331, Social Advocacy Organizations;

 Promoting the civic and social interests of their memb ers--are classified in I ndustry 813410, Civic and Social Organizations;

 Promoting the business interests of their member s--are classified in Industry 813910, Business Associations;

 Promoting the professional interests of their members and the profession as a wh ole--are classified in Industry 813920, Professional Organizations;

 Promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees--are classified in Industry 813930, Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations;

 Promoting the interests of national, state, or local po litical parties or candidates--a re classified in Industry 813940, Political Organizations; and

 Providing recreational and amusement services, such as recreational or youth sports league teams--are classified in Industry 713990, All Othe r Amusement and Recreation Industries.

814 Private Households T

Industries in the Private Households subsector include private households that engage in employing workers on or about the premises in activities primaril y concerned with the operation of the household. These private households may employ individuals, such as cooks, maids, butlers, and outside workers, such as gard eners, caretakers, and other

maintenance workers.

8141 Private Households T

81411 Private Households T
See industry description for 814110 below.

814110 Private Households

This industry comprises private households primarily engaged in employing workers on or about the premises in activities primarily concerned with the operation of th e household. These private households may employ individuals, such as cooks, maids, nannies, butlers, and outside workers, such as gardeners, caretakers, and other

maintenance workers.

## Sector 92--Public Administration T



### The Sector as a Whole

The Public Administration sector consists of establishmen ts of federal, state, and lo cal government agencies that administer, oversee, and manage public programs and have ex ecutive, legislative, or judicial authority over other institutions within a given area. These agencies also se t policy, create laws, adjudicate civil and criminal legal cases, provide for public safety and for national defense. In general, government establishments in the Public Administration sector oversee governmental programs and activities that are not performed by private establishments. Establishments in this sector typically are engaged in the organization and financing of the production of public goods and services, most of which are provided for free or at prices that are not economically significant. Government establishments also engage in a wide ra nge of productive activities covering not only public goods and services but also individual goods and services sim ilar to those produced in sectors typically identified with private-sector establishments. In general, ownership is not a criterion for classifica tion in NAICS. Therefore, government establishments engaged in the production of private-sector-like goods and services should be classified in the same industry as private-sector es tablishments engaged in similar activities. As a practical matter, it is difficult to identify separate establishment detail for many government agencies. To the extent that separate establishment records are available, th e administration of governmental programs is classified in Sector 92, Public Administration, while the operation of that same governmental program is classified elsewhere in NAICS based on the activities performed. For example, the governmental administrative authority for an airport is classified in Industry 92612, Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs, while operating the airport is classified in Industry 48811, Airport Operations. When separate records for multi-establishment companies are not available to distinguish between the administration of a governmental program and the operation of it, the establishment is classified in Sector 92, Public Administration. Examples of government-provided goods and services that are classified in sectors other than Public Administration include: schools, classifi ed in Sector 61, Educational Services; hospitals, classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals; establishments operating transportation facilitie s, classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing; the operation of utilities, classified in S ector 22, Utilities; and the Government Printing Office, classified in Subsector 323, Printing and Related Support Activities.

921 Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support

The Executive, Legislative, and Other General Go vernment Support subsector groups offices of government executives, legislative bodies, public finance and general government support.

9211 Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support

92111 Executive Offices See industry description for 921110 below.

921110 Executive Offices

This industry comprises government establishments se rving as offices of chief executives and their advisory committees and commissions. This industry includes offices of the president, governors, and mayors, in addition to executive advisory commissions.

92112 Legislative Bodies See industry description for 921120 below.

921120 Legislative Bodies

This industry comprises government establishments se rving as legislative bodies and their advisory committees

and commissions. Included in this in dustry are legislative bodies, such as Co ngress, state legislat ures, and advisory and study legislative commissions.92113 Public Finance Activities See industry description for 921130 below.

921130 Public Finance Activities

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in public finance, taxation and monetary policy. Included are financial administration activities, such as monetary policy; tax administration and collection; custody and disbursement of funds; debt and investment administration; auditing activities; and government employee retirement trust fund administration.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Administering income maintenance programs--are classified in Industry 923130, Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs);

 Regulating insurance and banking institutions--are cla ssified in Industry 926150, Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors; and

 Performing central banking functions, such as issuing cu rrency and acting as the fiscal agent for the central government--are classified in Industry 521110, Monetary Authorities-Central Bank.

92114 Executive and Legisl ative Offices, Combined See industry description for 921140 below.

921140 Executive and Legisl ative Offices, Combined

This industry comprises government establishments serving as councils and boards of commissioners or supervisors and such bodies where the chief executive (e.g., county executive or city mayor) is a member of the legislative body (e.g., county or city council) itself.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Serving as offices of chief executives--are classi fied in Industry 921110, Executive Offices; and

 Serving as legislative bodies --are classified in Industry 921120, Legislative Bodies.

92115 American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments See industry description for 921150 below.

921150 American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments

This industry comprises American Indian and Alaska Native governing bodies. Establishments in this industry perform legislative, judicial, and administrative functions for their American Indian and Alaska Native lands. Included in this industry are American Indian and Alas ka Native councils, courts, and law enforcement bodies.

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing funding for American Indian and Alaska Native tribal programs through commercial activities, such as gaming, are classified in the industry of the commercial activity; and

 Government establishments providing public administration of American Indian and Alaska Native affairs are classified in Industry 921190, Other General Government Support.

92119 Other General Government Support See industry description for 921190 below.

921190 Other General Government SupportThis industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in providing general support for government. Such support services include personnel services, election boards, and other general government support establishments that are not classi fied elsewhere in public administration.

Illustrative Examples:

Civil rights commissions Personnel offices, government

Civil service commissions Supply agencies, government General services departments, government

Cross-References.

 Government establishments primarily engaged in serving as offices of chief executives and their advisory

committees and commissions are classified in Industry 921110, Executive Offices;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in serving as legislative bodies and their advisory

committees and commissions are classified in Industry 921120, Legislative Bodies;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing administration of public finance, tax collection, and monetary policy programs are classified in Industry 921130, Public Finance Activities;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in serving as combined executive and legislative offices are classified in Industry 921 140, Executive and Legisla tive Offices, Combined; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in serving as Ameri can Indian or Alaska Nativ e tribal leadership are classified in Industry 921150, American Indi an and Alaska Native Tribal Governments.

922 Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities

The Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities su bsector groups government establishments engaged in the administration of justice, public order, and safety programs.

9221 Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities

92211 Courts See industry description for 922110 below.

922110 Courts

This industry comprises civilian courts of law (except Indian tribal and Alaska Native courts). Included in this industry are civilian courts, courts of law, and sheriffs' offices conducting court functions only.

Cross-References.

 Government establishments primarily engaged in oper ating military courts are classified in Industry 928110, National Security; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating Indian tribal or Alaska Native courts are classified in Industry 921150, American Indian an d Alaska Native Tribal Governments.

92212 Police Protection See industry description for 922120 below.

922120 Police Protection

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in criminal and civil law enforcement, police, traffic safety, and other activities related to the enfo rcement of the law and preservation of order. Combined police and fire departments are included in this industry.Cross-References.

 Government establishments primarily engaged in prosecution are classified in Industry 922130, Legal Counsel and Prosecution;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in collection of law enforcement statistics are classified in Industry 922190, Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing police service for the military or National Guard are classified in Industry 928110, National Security;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing police service for tribal governments are classified in Industry 921150, American Indi an and Alaska Native Tribal Governments;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in enforcing immigration laws are classified in Industry 928120, International Affairs;

 Sheriffs' offices conducting court functions only are classified in Industry 922110, Courts; and

 Private establishments primarily engaged in providing s ecurity and investigation se rvices are classified in Industry 56161, Investigation, Guard, and Armored Car Services.

92213 Legal Counsel and Prosecution See industry description for 922130 below.

922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in providing legal counsel or prosecution services for the government.

Illustrative Examples:

Attorney generals' offices

Public defenders' offices District attorneys' offices Public prosecutors' offices

Cross-References.

Government establishments primarily engaged in collec ting criminal justice statistics are classified in Industry 922190, Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities.

92214 Correctional Institutions See industry description for 922140 below.

922140 Correctional Institutions

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in managing and operating correctional institutions. The facility is generally designed for the c onfinement, correction, and rehabilitation of adult and/or juvenile offenders sentenced by a court.

Illustrative Examples:

Correctional institutions, public administration Penitentiaries, public administration Detention centers, public administration Prisons, public administration Jails, public administration

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in operating half-way houses for ex-criminal offenders and delinquent youths are classified in Industry 623990, Other Residential Care Facilities; and

 Establishments primarily engaged in managing or operating correctional facilities owned by others are classified in Industry 561210, Facilities Support Services.

92215 Parole Offices and Probation Offices See industry description for 922150 below.

922150 Parole Offices and Probation Offices

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in judicially administering probation offices, parole offices and boards, and pardon boards.

Cross-References.

 Private establishments primarily engaged in providing pa role or probation services are classified in Industry 624190, Other Individual and Family Services; and

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing probation, parole, and pardon activities as an integral part of a central administrative corrections' office are classified in I ndustry 922140, Correctional

Institutions.

92216 Fire Protection See industry description for 922160 below.

922160 Fire Protection

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in fire fighting and other related fire protection activities. Government establishments provid ing combined fire protection and ambulance or rescue services are classified in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Forest fire fighting--a re classified in Industry 115310, Support Activities for Forestry;

 Providing combined police and fire protection se rvices--are classified in Industry 922120, Police Protection;

 Providing fire fighting services as a commercial activity--are classified in Industry 561990, All Other Support Services; and

 Providing ambulance services without fire protecti on service--are classified in Industry 621910,

Ambulance Services.

92219 Other Justice, Public Or der, and Safety Activities See industry description for 922190 below.

922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in public order and safety (except courts, police protection, legal counsel and prosecution, correctiona l institutions, parole offices, probation offices, pardon boards, and fire protection). These establishments include the general administration of public order and safety programs. Government establishments responsible for the collection of statistics on public safety are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Consumer product safety commissions, public administration Emergency planning and management offices, government Disaster preparedness and management offices, governmentPublic safety bureaus and statistics centers, government

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Serving as civilian courts of law (except Indian trib al and Alaska Native)--are classified in Industry 922110, Courts;

 Criminal and civil law enforcement, police, traffic safe ty and similar activities related to the enforcement of

law--are classified in Indust ry 922120, Police Protection;

 Providing legal counsel to or prosecution services for their governments--are classified in Industry 922130, Legal Counsel and Prosecution;

 The confinement, correction, and rehabilitation of adu lt and juvenile offenders sentenced by a court--are classified in Industry 922140, Correctional Institutions;

 Judicially administering probation offices, parole offices and boards, and pardon boards--are classified in Industry 922150, Parole Offices and Probation Offices; and

 Fire fighting and other related fire protection activities --are classified in Industry 922160, Fire Protection.

923 Administration of Human Resource Programs

The Administration of Human Resource Programs subsector groups government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of human resource programs.

9231 Administration of Human Resource Programs

92311 Administration of Education Programs See industry description for 923110 below.

923110 Administration of Education Programs

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the central coordination, planning, supervision and administration of funds, policies, intergover nmental activities, statistical reports and data collection, and centralized programs for educationa l administration. Government scholarship programs are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Education offices, nonoperating, public administration State education departments Education statistics centers, government University regents or boards, government

Cross-References.

Schools and local school boards are classified in Subsector 611, Educational Services.

92312 Administration of Public Health Programs See industry description for 923120 below.

923120 Administration of Public Health Programs

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the planning, administration, and coordination of public health programs and services, including environmental health activities, mental health, categorical health programs, health statistics, and imm unization services. Government establishments primarily engaged in conducting public health-related inspections are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:Communicable disease program admini stration, public administration Mental health program administration, public administration Coroners' offices, public administration Public health program administration, nonoperating, public administration Health program administration, public administration

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating hospitals (i.e., government or military)--are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals;

 Providing health care in a clinical setting (i.e., military or government clinics)--are classified in Subsector 621, Ambulatory Health Care Services; and

 Inspecting food, plants, animals, and other agricultu re products--are classified in Industry 926140, Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities.

92313 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs) See industry description for 923130 below.

923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs)

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the planning, administration, and coordination of programs for public assistance, social wo rk, and welfare activities. The administration of Social Security, disability insurance, Medicare, unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation programs are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Administering veterans' programs--are classified in Industry 923140, Administration of Veterans' Affairs;

 Operating state employment job serv ice offices--are classified in U. S. Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies; and

 Operating programs for public assistan ce, social work, and welfare--are cl assified in Subsector 624, Social

Assistance.

92314 Administration of Veterans' Affairs See industry description for 923140 below.

923140 Administration of Veterans' Affairs

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of programs of assistance, training, counseling, and other services to veterans and their dependents, heirs or survivors. Included in this industry are Veterans' Affairs offices that mainta in liaison and coordinate activities with other service organizations and governmental agencies.

Cross-References.

 Government establishments operating veterans' hospitals are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals;

 Establishments providing veterans' insurance are cl assified in Subsector 52 4, Insurance Carriers and Related Activities; and

 Establishments operating civic and so cial organizations for veterans ar e classified in Industry 813410, Civic and Social Organizations.

924 Administration of Enviro nmental Quality Programs

The Administration of Environmental Quality Programs subsector groups government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of environmental quality.9241 Administration of Environmental Quality Programs

92411 Administration of Air and Water Reso urce and Solid Waste Management Programs See industry description for 924110 below.

924110 Administration of Air and Water Reso urce and Solid Waste Management Programs

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) the administration, regulation, and enforcement of air and water resource programs; (2) the administration and regulation of solid waste management programs; (3) the administration and regulation of water and air pollution control and prevention programs; (4) the administration and regulation of flood control programs; (5) the administration and regulation of drainage development and water resource consumption programs; (6) the administration and regulation of toxic waste removal and cleanup programs; and (7) coordination of these activities at intergovernmental levels.

Illustrative Examples:

Environmental protection program administration, public administration Waste management program (except sanitation districts) administration, public administration Pollution control program administration, public administration Water control and quality program administration, public administration

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating water and irrigation system s--are classified in Industry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems;

 Administering sanitation districts--are classified in Industry 926130, Regulation and Administration of Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities;

 Operating sewage treatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and

 Providing waste collection, treatment, disposal, and/or remediation--are cl assified in Subsector 562, Waste Management and Remediation Services.

92412 Administration of Conservation Programs See industry description for 924120 below.

924120 Administration of Conservation Programs

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, regulation, supervision and control of land use, including recreationa l areas; conservation and preser vation of natural resources; erosion control; geological survey program administration; weather forecasting program administration; and the administration and protection of publicly and privately owned forest lands. Government establishments responsible for planning, management, regulation and conservation of game, fish, and wildlife populations, including wildlife management areas and field stations; and other administrati ve matters relating to the protection of fish, game, and wildlife are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating parks--are classified in Industry 712190, Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions;

 Operating forest property--ar e classified in Subsector 11 3, Forestry and Logging;

 Geophysical surveying and/or mapping--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services;

 Surveying and/or mapping (except geophysical)--are classified in Industry 541370, Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services;

 Weather forecasting--are classified in Industry 541990, All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Operating fish and game preserves--are classified in Industry 712130, Zoos and Botanical Gardens; and

 Serving as urban planning commissions--are classified in Industry 925120, Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development.

925 Administration of Housing Programs, Ur ban Planning, and Community Development

The Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development subsector groups government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of housing, urban planning, and community development.

9251 Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development

92511 Administration of Housing Programs See industry description for 925110 below.

925110 Administration of Housing Programs

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration and planning of housing programs.

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating government rental housing--are classified in Subsector 531, Real Estate;

 Conducting building inspections and enforcing building codes and standards--are classified in Industry 926150, Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors; and

 Buying, pooling, and repackaging mortgages or home loans for sale to others on the secondary market--are classified in U.S. Industry 522294, Secondary Market Financing.

92512 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development See industry description for 925120 below.

925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration and planning of the development of urban and rural areas. Included in this industry are government zoning boards and commissions.

Illustrative Examples:

Land redevelopment agencies, government Urban planning commissions, government Regional planning and development program administration, public administration Zoning boards and commissions, public administration

926 Administration of Economic Programs

This subsector comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of economic

programs.

9261 Administration of Economic Programs

92611 Administration of General Economic Programs See industry description for 926110 below.

926110 Administration of General Economic ProgramsThis industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, promotion and development of economic resources, including business, industry, and tourism. Included in this industry are government establishments responsible for the development of general statistical data and analyses and promotion of the general economic well-being of the governed area.

Illustrative Examples:

Consumer protection offices, public administration Small business development agencies, public administration Economic development agencies, government Trade commissions, government General economics statistical ag encies, public administration

92612 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs See industry description for 926120 below.

926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, regulation, licensing, planning, inspection, and investigation of transportation se rvices and facilities. Included in this industry are government establishments responsible for motor vehicle and operator licensing, the Co ast Guard (except the Coast Guard Academy), and parking authorities.

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating airports, railroads, depots, ports, toll road s and bridges, and other tr ansportation facilities--are classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing;

 Operating parking lots and parking garages--are classified in Industry 812930, Parking Lots and Garages;

 Operating automobile safety inspection and emission testing facilities--are classified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance;

 Building and/or maintaining roads and highways--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

 Providing air traffic control services--are classified in U.S. Industry 488111, Air Traffic Control; and

 Operating weigh stations--are classified in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for Road Transportation.

92613 Regulation and Administration of Communi cations, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities See industry description for 926130 below.

926130 Regulation and Administration of Communi cations, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, regulation, licensing and inspection of utilities, such as communications, electric po wer (including fossil, nuclear, solar, water, and wind), gas and water supply, and sewerage.

Cross-References.

Government establishments primarily engaged in oper ating utilities are classified in Subsector 221, Utilities.

92614 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities See industry description for 926140 below.

926140 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the planning, administration, and coordination of agricultural programs for production, marketing, and utilization, including educational andpromotional activities. Included in this industry are go vernment establishments responsible for regulating and controlling the grading and inspection of food, plants, animals, and other agricultural products.

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Administering programs for developing economic data about agricultural and trade in agricultural products- -are classified in Industry 926110, Administration of General Economic Programs;

 Administering programs for the conservation of natural resources--are classified in Industry Group 9241, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs; and

 Administering food stamp programs--are classified in Industry 923130, Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Hea lth, and Veterans' Affairs Programs).

92615 Regulation, Licensing, and Inspectio n of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors See industry description for 926150 below.

926150 Regulation, Licensing, and Inspectio n of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the regulation, licensing, and inspection of commercial sectors, such as retail trade, professional occupations, manufacturing, mining, construction, and services. Included in this industry are government establishments maintaining physical standards, regulating

hazardous conditions not el sewhere classified, and enforcing alc oholic beverage control regulations.

Illustrative Examples:

Alcoholic beverage control boards, public administration Labor management negotiations boards, government Banking regulatory agencies, public administration Licensing and permit issuance for business operations, government Building inspections, government Licensing and permit issuance for professional occupations, government Insurance commissions, government Securities regulation commissions, public administration

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Regulating, administering, and inspecting transportation services and facilities--are classified in Industry 926120, Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; and

 Regulating, administering, and inspecting communications , electric, gas, and other utilities--are classified in Industry 926130, Regulation and Administration of Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities.

927 Space Research and Technology

This subsector comprises government establishments that conduct space research.

9271 Space Research and Technology

92711 Space Research and Technology See industry description for 927110 below.

927110 Space Research and Technology

This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration and operations of space flights, space research, and space exploration. Includ ed in this industry are government establishments operating space flight centers.

Cross-References. Private establishments primarily engaged in providing space freight transportation are classified in U.S. Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation;

 Government establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aerospace ve hicles and parts are classified in Industry 33641, Aero space Product and Parts Manufacturing; and

 Government establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing space sate llites are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing.

928 National Security and International Affairs

This subsector comprises government establishments primarily engaged in national security and international

affairs.

9281 National Security and International Affairs

92811 National Security See industry description for 928110 below.

928110 National Security

This industry comprises government establishments of the Armed Forces, including the National Guard, primarily engaged in national security and related activities.

Illustrative Examples:

Air Force Military police Army Military training schools (excep t military service academies) Marine Corps

National Guard Military courts Navy

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in--

 Operating military service academies --are classified in Industry 61 1310, Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; and

 Regulating and administering water transportation, such as the U.S. Coast Guard and the Merchant Marine- -are classified in Industry 926120, Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs.

92812 International Affairs See industry description for 928120 below.

928120 International Affairs

This industry comprises establishments of U.S. and foreign governments primarily engaged in international affairs and programs relating to other nations and peoples.

Cross-References.

 Private sector trade associations and councils are classified in Industry 813910, Business Associations; and

 Government establishments administering internationa l trade, such as trade co mmissions and councils are classified in Industry 926110, Administration of General Economic Programs.