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(Adopted November 4, 2005)(Amended March 6, 2009) 

RULE 1156. FURTHER REDUCTIONS OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM 

CEMENT MANUFACTURING FACILITIES 

(a) Purpose 

The purpose of this rule is to further reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from 

cement manufacturing facilities. 

(b) Applicability 

This rule applies to all operations, materials handling, and transport at a cement 

manufacturing facility, including, but not limited to, kiln and clinker cooler, material 

storage, crushing, drying, screening, milling, conveying, bulk loading and unloading 

systems, internal roadways, material transport, and track-out. 

(c) Definitions 

(1) BAG LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM (BLDS) means a system that meets the 

minimum requirements specified under U.S. EPA 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart LLL, 

Section 1350 (m) to continuously monitor bag leakage and failure. 

(2) CEMENT MANUFACTURING FACILITY means any facility that engages in, or 

has been engaged in prior to November 4, 2005, producing portland cement or 

associated products, as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual as 

Industry No. 3241, Portland Cement Manufacturing. 

(3) CHEMICAL DUST SUPPRESSANT means any non-toxic chemical stabilizer 

which is used as a treatment material to reduce fugitive dust emissions and its use 

is not prohibited by any other applicable law and meets all applicable 

specifications required by any federal, state, or local water agency. 

(4) CLINKER means a product from the kiln which is used as a feedstock to make 

cement. 

(5) CLINKER COOLER means equipment into which clinker product leaving the 

kiln is placed to be cooled by air supplied by a forced draft or natural draft supply 

system. 

(6) CONVEYING SYSTEM means a device for transporting materials from one 

piece of equipment or location to another piece of equipment or location within a 

facility. Conveying systems include, but are not limited to, the following: feeders, 

belt conveyors, bucket elevators and pneumatic systems. 
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(7) CONTINUOUS OPACITY MONITORING SYSTEM (COMS) means a system 

that meets minimum requirements specified under U.S. EPA 40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix B, to continuously monitor opacity. 

(8) CONVEYING SYSTEM TRANSFER POINT means a point where any material 

including, but not limited to, feed material, fuel, clinker or product, is transferred 

to or from a conveying system, or between separate parts of a conveying system. 

(9) COVERED CONVEYOR is a conveyor where the top and side portion of the 

conveyor are covered by a removable cover to allow routine inspection and 

maintenance. 

(10) DUST SUPPRESSANTS are water, hygroscopic materials, or chemical stabilizers 

used as a treatment material to reduce fugitive dust emissions. 

(11) ENCLOSED CONVEYOR is any conveyor where the top, side and bottom 

portion of the conveyor system is enclosed except for points of loading and 

discharge and except for a removable cover to allow routine inspection and 

maintenance. 

(12) ENCLOSED SCREENING EQUIPMENT means screening equipment where the 

top portion of the equipment is enclosed, except for the area where the materials 

are loaded to the screening equipment. 

(13) ENCLOSED STORAGE PILE means any storage pile that is completely enclosed 

in a building or structure consisting of a solid roof and walls. 

(14) END OF WORK DAY means the end of a working period that may include one 

or more work shifts, but no later than 8 p.m. 

(15) EXISTING EQUIPMENT means any equipment, process or operation having an 

existing valid AQMD permit that was issued prior to November 4, 2005. 

(16) FACILITY means any source or group of sources or other air contaminantemitting activities which are subject to this rule and are located on one or more 

contiguous properties within the AQMD, in actual physical contact or separated 

solely by a public roadway or other public right-of-way, and are owned or 

operated by the same person (or by persons under common control), or an outer 

continental shelf (OCS) source as determined in 40 CFR Section 55.2. Such 

above-described groups, if noncontiguous, but connected only by land carrying a 

pipeline, shall not be considered one facility. Sources or installations involved in 

crude oil and gas production in Southern California Coastal or OCS Waters and 

transport of such crude oil and gas in Southern California Coastal or OCS Waters 

shall be included in the same facility which is under the same ownership or use 

entitlement as the crude oil and gas production facility on-shore. 
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(17) FINISH MILL means a roll crusher, ball and tube mill or other size reduction 

equipment used to grind clinker to a fine powder. Gypsum and other materials 

may be added to and blended with clinker in a finish mill. The finish mill also 

includes the air separator associated with the finish mill. 

(18) HAUL TRUCK means a diesel heavy-duty truck that has a loading capacity equal 

to or greater than 50 tons. 

(19) INACTIVE CLINKER PILE is a pile of clinker material that has not been 

disturbed, removed, and/or added to as a result of loading, unloading, and/or 

transferring activities for 30 (thirty) consecutive days. 

(20) KILN means a device, including any associated preheater or precalciner devices 

that produce clinker by heating limestone and other materials for subsequent 

production of portland cement. 

(21) OPEN STORAGE PILE is any accumulation of materials which attains a height 

of three (3) feet or more or a total surface area of one hundred fifty (150) square 

feet or more. The open pile is defined as inactive when loading and unloading has 

not occurred in the previous 30 consecutive days. 

(22) OPERATOR means the operator of the cement manufacturing facility subject to 

this rule unless otherwise specified. 

(23) PAVED ROAD means a road improved by covering with concrete, asphaltic 

concrete, recycled asphalt, or asphalt. 

(24) RAW MILL means a ball, tube, or vertical roller mill or other size reduction 

equipment used to grind materials to the appropriate size. Moisture may be added 

or removed from the materials during the grinding operation. A raw mill may also 

include a raw material dryer and/or air separator. 

(25) ROAD means any route with evidence of repeated prior travel by vehicles. 

(26) STABILIZED SURFACE means any previously disturbed surface area or open 

storage pile which, through the application of dust suppressants, shows visual or 

other evidence of surface crusting, is resistant to being the source of wind-driven 

fugitive dust, and is demonstrated to be stabilized by the applicable test methods 

contained in the Rule 403 Implementation Handbook. 

(27) STREET SWEEPER is a PM10 efficient street sweeper approved pursuant to Rule 

1186 – PM10 Emissions from Paved and Unpaved Roads & Livestock Operations. 

(28) TOP PROCESS PARTICULATE EMITTERS means: 

(A) process equipment, including but not limited to the kiln, clinker cooler, 

raw mill, and finish mill, vented to air pollution control equipment, except 

open-top baghouses, that account for 60% of the total process particulate 
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emissions at the facility, for the requirement of using BLDS or COMS 

under paragraph (e)(2); or 

(B) process equipment, including but not limited to the kiln, clinker cooler, 

raw mill, and finish mill, vented to air pollution control equipment, that 

account for 80% of the total process particulate emissions at the facility for 

the monitoring, source testing and recordkeeping requirements under 

paragraph (e)(3), (e)(8) and subparagraph (f)(2)(D). 

(29) TRACK-OUT means any material that adheres to and agglomerates on the 

exterior surface of motor vehicles, haul trucks, and equipment (including tires) 

that has been released onto a paved road and can be removed by a vacuum 

sweeper or a broom sweeper under normal operating conditions. 

(30) VERIFIED FILTRATION PRODUCT means filtration products that are verified 

under the U.S. EPA Environmental Technology Verification program (ETV). 

(31) WET SUPPRESSION SYSTEM means a system that supplies ultra-fine droplets 

of water or chemical dust suppressant by atomization through means of using 

compressed air or applying high pressure as specified by manufacturers to 

minimize dust. 

(32) WIND-DRIVEN FUGITIVE DUST means particulate matter emissions from any 

disturbed surface area which is generated by wind action alone. 

(33) WIND FENCE means a system consisting of a stand alone structure supporting a 

wind fence fabric. The wind fence fabric shall have maximum porosity of 20%. 

(d) Requirements 

The operator shall comply with the following requirements unless otherwise stated. 

(1) Visible Emissions 

(A) The operator of a facility shall not cause or allow the discharge into the 

atmosphere of visible emissions exceeding 10 percent opacity based on an 

average of 12 consecutive readings from any operation at the facility, 

except open piles, roadways and unpaved areas, using EPA Opacity Test 

Method 9. 

(B) For open piles, roadways and other unpaved areas, the operator of a 

facility shall not cause or allow the discharge into the atmosphere of 

visible emissions exceeding 20 percent opacity based on an average of 12 

consecutive readings; or 50 percent opacity based on 5 individual 

consecutive readings using SCAQMD Opacity Test Method 9B. 
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(C) The operator of a facility shall not cause or allow any visible dust plume 

from exceeding 100 feet in any direction from any operations at the 

facility. 

(2) Loading, Unloading, and Transferring 

(A) The operator shall conduct material loading and unloading to and from 

trucks, railcars, or other modes of material transportation through an 

enclosed system that is vented to SCAQMD permitted air pollution control 

equipment that meets the requirements in paragraph (d)(6) and 

subparagraph (d)(1)(A) and is operated during loading and unloading 

activities. In the event the system consists of a building, the enclosed 

building shall have openings with overlapping flaps, sliding doors or other 

equally effective devices, as approved by the Executive Officer to meet the 

requirement in subparagraph (d)(1)(A), which shall remain closed, except 

to allow trucks and railcars to enter and leave. 

(B) The operator shall cover or enclose all conveying systems and enclose all 

transfer points. During all conveying activities, the enclosed transfer 

points and enclosed conveying systems shall be vented to a permitted air 

pollution control device that meets the requirements in subparagraph 

(d)(1)(A) and paragraph (d)(6) and is operated during all conveying 

activities. The enclosure shall have access doors to allow routine 

inspection and maintenance. 

(C) The operator shall apply dust suppressants as necessary during material 

loading, unloading, and transferring activities, and at conveying system 

transfer points to dampen and stabilize the materials transported and 

prevent visible dust emissions generated to meet the requirement in 

subparagraph (d)(1)(A). 

(D) The operator shall install and maintain as necessary dust curtains, shrouds, 

belt scrapers, and gaskets along the belt conveying system to contain dust, 

prevent spillage and carryback in order to minimize visible emissions. 

(E) The operator shall use appropriate equipment including, but not limited to, 

stackers or chutes, as necessary, to minimize the height from which 

materials fall into storage bins, silos, hoppers or open stock piles and 

reduce the amount of dust generated to meet the requirements in 

paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(6). 
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(3) Crushing, Screening, Milling, Grinding, Blending, Drying, Heating, Mixing, 

Sacking, Palletizing, Packaging, and Other Related Operations 

(A) The operator shall enclose crushing, screening, milling, grinding, blending, 

drying, heating, mixing, sacking, palletizing, packaging and other related 

operations. The enclosed system shall be vented to permitted control 

equipment that meets the requirements in paragraph (d)(6) and 

subparagraph (d)(1)(A). The control equipment shall be operated during 

these operations. 

(B) In lieu of the configuration described in subparagraph (d)(3)(A), the 

operator of a primary crusher installed and operated prior to November 4, 

2005 may use wind fences on at least two sides of the primary crusher with 

one side facing the prevailing winds. The structure shall be equipped and 

operated with a wet suppression system. To implement this, the operator 

shall submit a permit modification application by May 4, 2006 for a 

primary crusher to enable the Executive Officer to develop permit 

conditions to ensure that this air pollution control system is designed and 

operated to minimize particulate emissions. 

(C) The operator shall apply dust suppressants, as necessary, during all 

operations to dampen and stabilize the materials processed and prevent 

visible emissions generated to meet the requirements in subparagraph 

(d)(1)(A). 

(4) Kilns and Clinker Coolers 

The operator shall not operate the kilns and clinker coolers unless the kilns and 

clinker coolers are vented to air pollution control equipment that meets the 

requirements in paragraph (d)(6) and subparagraph (d)(1)(A). 

(5) Material Storage 

(A) An operator that stores raw materials and products in a silo, bin or hopper 

shall vent the silo, bin or hopper to an air pollution control device that 

meets the requirements in subparagraph (d)(1)(A) and paragraph (d)(6). 

(B) No later than September 8, 2009, the operator shall conduct all clinker 

material storage and handling in an enclosed storage area that meets the 

requirements in subparagraph (d)(1)(A) and paragraph (d)(6). The 

enclosed storage area shall have opening(s) covered with overlapping 

flaps, and sliding door(s) or other equivalent device(s) approved by the 

Executive Officer, which shall remain closed at all times, except to allow 

vehicles to enter or exit. Prior to the completion and operation of the 
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enclosure, all clinker materials shall be stored and handled in the same 

manner as non-clinker materials as set forth in subparagraph (d)(5)(D). 

(C) If clinker material storage and handling activities occur more than 1,000 

feet from, and inside, the facility property-line, the operator may comply 

with all of the following in lieu of the requirements of subparagraph 

(d)(5)(B) no later than September 8, 2009: 

(i) Utilize a three-sided barrier with roof, provided the open side is 

covered with a wind fence material of a maximum 20% porosity, 

allowing a removable opening for vehicle access. The removable 

wind fence for vehicle access may be removed only during minor 

or routine maintenance activities, the creation or reclamation of 

outside storage piles, the importation of clinker from outside the 

facility, and reclamation of plant clean-up materials. The 

removable opening shall be less than 50% of the total surface area 

of the wind fence and the amount of time shall be minimized to the 

extent feasible; 

(ii) Storage and handling of material that is immediately adjacent to 

the three-sided barrier due to space limitations inside the structure 

shall be contained within an area next to the structure with a wind 

fence on at least two sides, with at least a 5 foot freeboard above 

the top of the storage pile to provide wind sheltering, and shall be 

completely covered with an impervious tarp, revealing only the 

active disturbed portion during material loading and unloading 

activities; 

(iii) Storage and handling of other active clinker material shall be 

conducted within an area surrounded on three sides by a barrier or 

wind fences with one side of the wind fence facing the prevailing 

wind and at least a 5-foot freeboard above the top of the storage 

pile to provide wind sheltering. The clinker shall remain 

completely covered at all times with an impervious tarp, revealing 

only the active disturbed portion during material loading and 

unloading activities. The barrier or wind fence shall extend at least 

20 feet beyond the active portion of the material at all times; and 

(iv) Inactive clinker material may be alternatively stored using a 

continuous and impervious tarp, covered at all times, provided 
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records are kept demonstrating the inactive status of such stored 

material. 

(D) For active open non-clinker material storage and handling, the operator 

shall comply with one of the following to meet the requirements of 

subparagraphs (d)(1)(B) and (d)(1)(C): 

(i) Apply chemical dust suppressants to stabilize the entire surface 

area of the pile, except for areas of the pile that are actively 

disturbed during loading and unloading activities; or 

(ii) Install and maintain a three-sided barrier or wind fences with one 

side facing the prevailing winds and with at least two feet of visible 

freeboard from the top of the storage pile to provide wind 

sheltering, maintain surface stabilization of the entire pile in a 

manner that meets the performance standards of subparagraphs 

(d)(1)(B) and (d)(1)(C), and store the materials completely inside 

the three-sided structure at all times; or 

(iii) Install and maintain a three-sided barrier with roof, or wind fences 

with roof, to provide wind sheltering; maintain the open-side of the 

storage pile stabilized in a manner that meets the performance 

standards of subparagraphs (d)(1)(B) and (d)(1)(C), and store the 

materials completely inside the three-sided structure at all times; or 

(iv) Install and maintain a tarp over the entire surface area of the 

storage pile, in a manner that meets the performance standards of 

subparagraphs (d)(1)(B) and (d)(1)(C), except for areas of the pile 

that are actively disturbed during loading and unloading activities. 

The tarp shall remain in place and provide cover at all times. 

(E) All inactive non-clinker piles shall be stored and handled in the same 

manner as non-clinker materials, as set forth in subparagraph (d)(5)(D). 

The operator shall keep records demonstrating the inactive status of the 

non-clinker piles. 

(F) For open storage piles subject to subparagraph (d)(5)(D), the operator shall 

apply chemical dust suppressants or dust suppressants during any material 

loading and unloading to/from the open piles; and re-apply chemical dust 

suppressants or dust suppressants to stabilize the disturbed surface areas of 

the open piles at the end of each work day in which loading and unloading 

activities were performed to meet the performance standards of 

subparagraphs (d)(1)(B) and (d)(1)(C) . 
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(6) Air Pollution Control Device 

(A) The operator shall install and maintain an air pollution control system 

referred to in paragraphs (d)(2), (d)(3), (d)(4) and (d)(5) to meet the 

following performance standards measured with the approved source test 

in subdivision (g): 

(i) an outlet concentration of 0.01 grain PM per dry standard cubic 

feet for equipment installed prior to November 4, 2005; and 

(ii) a BACT outlet concentration not to exceed 0.005 grain PM per dry 

standard cubic feet for equipment installed on and after November 

4, 2005. 

(B) The operator shall install and maintain a baghouse ventilation and hood 

system that meets a minimum capture velocity requirement specified in the 

applicable standards of the U.S. Industrial Ventilation Handbook, 

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, at the time 

of installation. If modification to the baghouse ventilation and hood 

system is required to meet the applicable standard, the operator shall be 

granted additional time up to December 31, 2006 to complete this process. 

(C) The operator shall meet the requirements in paragraph (d)(6) by December 

31, 2006 for pulse-jet baghouses, and by December 31, 2010 for nonpulse-jet baghouses. 

(D) To show incremental progress towards the December 31, 2010 compliance 

date for non-pulse-jet baghouses, the operator shall submit to the 

Executive Officer a list of baghouse candidates for future modification or 

replacement by December 31, 2006. In addition, the operator shall submit 

a notification letter by December 31 of each year thereafter, starting in 

2006, to demonstrate that the operator has completed at least 20% of the 

modification or replacement by 2006; 40% by 2007; 60% by 2008, 80% by 

2009; and 100% by 2010. 

(7) Internal Roadways and Areas 

(A) Unpaved Roadways and Areas 

(i) For haul roads used by haul trucks to carry materials from the 

quarry to different locations within the facility, the operator shall 

apply chemical dust suppressants in sufficient quantity and at least 

twice a year to stabilize the entire unpaved haul road surface; post 

signs at the two ends stating that haul trucks shall use these roads 

unless traveling to the maintenance areas; and enforce the speed 
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1156 - 10

limit of 35 miles per hour or less to comply with the opacity limits 

in paragraph (d)(1). 

(ii) For other unpaved roadways and areas, the operator shall apply 

chemical dust suppressants in sufficient quantity and at least twice 

a year to stabilize the surface, or apply gravel pad containing 1-

inch or larger washed gravel to a depth of six inches; and enforce a 

speed limit of 15 miles per hour or less to comply with the opacity 

limits in paragraph (d)(1). 

(B) Paved Roads 

The operator shall sweep all internal paved roads at least once each regular 

work day or more frequently if necessary to comply with the opacity limits 

in paragraph (d)(1). Sweeping frequency may be reduced on weekends, 

holidays, or days of measurable precipitation provided that the operator 

complies with the opacity limits in paragraph (d)(1) at all times. Sweepers 

purchased or leased after November 4, 2005 shall be Rule 1186-certified 

sweepers. 

(8) Track-Out 

(A) The operator shall pave the closest 0.25 miles of internal roads leading to 

the public roadways and ensure that all trucks use these roads exclusively 

when leaving the facility to prevent track-out of dust to the public 

roadways and to comply with the opacity limits in paragraph (d)(1). 

(B) If necessary to comply with the opacity limits in paragraph (d)(1), the 

operator shall install a rumble grate, truck washer, or wheel washer; and 

ensure that all trucks go through the rumble grate, truck washer or wheel 

washer such that the entire circumference of each wheel or truck is cleaned 

before leaving the facility. 

(C) To prevent material spillage from trucks to public roadways and fugitive 

dust emissions during transport, a truck driver on the facility shall ensure 

that the cement truck hatches are closed and there is no track-out, and the 

operator shall provide truck cleaning facilities on-site. 

(D) The operator shall provide, at least once each calendar year, the “Fugitive 

Dust Advisory” flyers prepared by the District to any company doing 

business with the facility and which is subject to the requirements in 

subparagraph (d)(8)(C). 
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(9) No Backsliding 

To prevent any backsliding from the current level of control, the operator shall 

operate and maintain all existing equipment according to permit conditions stated 

in the permits approved by the Executive Officer prior to November 4, 2005 at all 

times. 

(10) Compliance Monitoring Plan 

(A) No later than June 8, 2009, the operator shall submit to the Executive 

Officer a complete compliance plan for wind monitoring and the 

monitoring, sampling, and analysis of hexavalent chromium, and pay a 

plan evaluation fee pursuant to Rule 306 – Plan Fees. The submitted plan 

will be disapproved if it does not meet the provisions of subparagraph 

(d)(10)(B). The operator shall resubmit an approvable plan within 30 days 

from date of disapproval; otherwise, the operator shall be deemed in 

violation of this provision. 

(B) The monitoring plan submitted shall contain, at a minimum, the following: 

(i) Siting and monitoring protocols that comply with EPA’s and 

CARB’s guidance and/or protocols for measurement of hexavalent 

chromium, wind direction, and wind speed. A minimum of three 

fence-line monitoring stations are required for hexavalent 

chromium: one upwind and one downwind of the facility under the 

common prevailing wind directions, and one subject to approval by 

the Executive Officer to ensure maximum effectiveness of the 

monitoring to the most potentially affected receptor, such as 

nearest residential or business receptors relative to clinker storage 

areas or potential hexavalent chromium emitting sources. 

(ii) Breakdown provisions which include: (1) a statement that the 

operator will notify the Executive Officer in writing of the 

breakdown within 24 hours of its occurrence. If the breakdown 

occurs on a Friday, over a weekend, or on a national or state 

holiday observed by the facility, the facility shall report such 

breakdown on the following work day; (2) a repair schedule; and 

(3) an action plan with detailed measures to be taken by the 

operator to ensure that there will be at least 70% data capture at 

each site by each monitoring system; 

(iii) Consent from the operator that allows the Executive Officer to 

conduct any co-located or audit sampling at any time; 
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(iv) Sampling analysis protocols that comply with EPA and CARB’s 

appropriate guidance and/or protocols for hexavalent chromium. 

All samples shall be analyzed at a District-approved laboratory, 

which can be audited at any time; and 

(v) Any other relevant data and information required by the Executive 

Officer. 

(C) The Executive Officer shall approve or disapprove the complete plan 

within 60 days from the submittal date. 

(D) The operator may file for a compliance monitoring plan amendment in the 

future relative to monitor siting or other elements of the plan as more sitespecific data becomes available. 

(11) Hexavalent Chrome Monitoring and Other Requirements 

No later than six months from compliance plan approval or March 1, 2010, 

whichever occurs first, the operator of a cement manufacturing facility shall 

conduct hexavalent chromium ambient air monitoring as follows: 

(A) The operator shall conduct ambient air monitoring for hexavalent 

chromium in accordance with the approved monitoring plan set forth in 

subparagraph (d)(10)(B) or (d)(10)(D), as applicable. The hexavalent 

chromium concentration from a 30-day rolling average at each monitoring 

station shall not exceed 0.70 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3

), 

excluding background. 24-hour sampling shall be conducted once every 

third day according to the EPA 1-in-3-day sampling calendar. For 

monitoring sample retrieval in which collection occurs on a weekend or 

facility observed national or state holiday, the sample may be collected the 

following business day. 

(B) The operator may conduct 24-hour sampling once every six days for 

hexavalent chromium if there is no single exceedance of the 0.70 ng/m3 

level during 12 continuous months of monitoring. On this sampling 

schedule, the hexavalent chromium concentration from a 90-day rolling 

average at each monitoring station shall not exceed 0.70 ng/m3, excluding 

background. If there is an exceedance while on this sampling schedule, 

sampling shall immediately revert back to once every three days. For 

monitoring sample retrieval in which collection occurs on a weekend or 

facility observed national or state holiday, the sample may be collected the 

following business day. 

(C) For facilities that elect to comply with (d)(5)(C), any exceedance of the 

concentrations listed in clauses (d)(11)(A) or (d)(11)(B) will require 
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1156 - 13

enclosure of all clinker materials storage and handling if the Executive 

Officer confirms, through wind event monitoring data, that the cement 

manufacturing facility is the source of violation. The facility operator may 

select one of the following enclosure schedule: 25% of the facility’s fiveyear annual average clinker material stored and handled, by weight, no 

later than 12 months from the date of the exceedance; and an incremental 

25% per subsequent year until completion; or complete the total enclosure 

within 24 months from the date of exceedance. 

(12) Particulate Matter (PM10) Monitoring and Other Requirements 

The operator of the cement manufacturing facility who accrues three or more 

approved notices of violation for an exceedance of the upwind/downwind level 

specified in Rule 403 within a 36-month period shall conduct PM10 ambient air 

monitoring. An amendment to the compliance monitoring plan to include PM10 

monitoring protocols and procedures shall be filed within 90 days of the date of 

the third approved notice of violation. The monitoring equipment shall be 

installed and operated within 6 months from the date of modified plan approval 

and no later than one year from the date of the third approved notice of violation. 

(A) The operator shall conduct continuous and real-time ambient air 

monitoring for PM10, using a continuous monitoring system, in 

accordance with a monitoring plan approved by the Executive Officer in a 

manner as set forth in subparagraphs (d)(10)(B) or (d)(10)(D), as 

applicable. The differences of PM10 concentrations from any two 

monitoring sites which represent upwind and downwind concentrations 

shall not exceed the amount and averaging time period specified in Rule 

403. 

(B) The operator shall apply dust suppressants on all openly stored non-clinker 

materials, unpaved roads, and unpaved areas within the facility, as well as 

take steps to decrease clinker dust, if the PM10 difference(s) set forth in 

Rule 403 are exceeded at any time. 

(13) Wind Monitoring 

(A) No later than September 8, 2009, the operator shall install and operate 

wind monitoring equipment to conduct hourly wind monitoring according 

to a protocol approved by the Executive Officer. 

(B) On and after the date of operation of the wind monitoring equipment 

pursuant to subparagraph (d)(13)(A), the operator shall cease all open 

handling of clinker material for a two-hour period in the event that 
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1156 - 14

instantaneous wind speeds exceed 25 miles per hour (mph), and if such 

wind speeds subsequently exceed 25 mph, a new two-hour period shall 

begin. During the aforementioned two-hour period, the facility would be 

exempt from the requirement of subparagraph (d)(1)(C) if the open 

handling of clinker material is ceased, provided that dust controls as 

required by District rules are applied; and unpaved roads are stabilized 

upon register of the high wind event via the wind monitoring equipment. 

(e) Monitoring and Source Testing 

(1) For the kilns and clinker coolers, the operator shall continuously monitor and 

record operating parameters including, but not limited to, flue gas flow rates and 

pressure drops across the baghouses to monitor baghouse performance and ensure 

compliance with the opacity limit in subparagraph (d)(1)(A). 

(2) For all new baghouses greater than or equal to 10,000 actual cubic feet per 

minute, and for all existing bahouses of the top process particulate emitters as 

defined under subparagraph (c)(28)(A), the operator shall install, operate, calibrate 

and maintain a COMS or BLDS to monitor baghouse performance and ensure 

compliance with the opacity limit in subparagraph (d)(1)(A). 

(3) The operator shall conduct visible emission observations with EPA Method 22 for 

process equipment equipped with air pollution control equipment at the following 

frequency: 

(i) Weekly for top process particulate emitters defined under subparagraph 

(c)(28)(B) that are not equipped with BLDS or COMS;

(ii) Monthly for top process particulate emitters defined under subparagraph 

(c)(28)(B) that are equipped with BLDS or COMS; and 

(iii) Monthly for other process equipment. 

(4) The operator shall monitor and record pertinent operating parameters, such as 

pressure drops, according to the Operation and Maintenance Procedure in 

paragraph (e)(12) to monitor the performance of air pollution control equipment 

and ensure compliance with the opacity limit in subparagraph (d)(1)(A). 

(5) If the operator receives an alarm from the BLDS, or COMS, the operator shall 

immediately conduct an EPA Method 22 test and implement all necessary 

corrective actions to minimize emissions. 

(6) If the operator observes visible emissions during any EPA Method 22 test, the 

operator shall immediately implement all necessary corrective actions to minimize 
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1156 - 15

emissions, and conduct EPA Method 9 test within one hour of any observation of 

visible emissions. 

(7) For the kilns and clinker coolers, the operator shall conduct an annual compliance 

source test in accordance with the test methods in subdivision (g) to demonstrate 

compliance with the emission limit(s) in subdivision (d). The first annual 

compliance source test in accordance with an approved source test protocol shall 

be conducted within ninety (90) calendar days after the compliance date specified 

in subdivision (d). The operator shall submit a source test protocol to the 

Executive Officer no later than sixty (60) calendar days prior to the proposed test 

date for the Executive Officer's approval for the first compliance source test. The 

testing frequency may be reduced to once every 24 calendar months if the two 

most recent consecutive annual source tests demonstrate compliance with the 

limits. Upon notification by the Executive Officer, the testing frequency shall be 

reverted back to annual testing if any subsequent source test fails to demonstrate 

compliance with the limits. In lieu of annual testing, any operator who elects to 

use all verified filtration products in its baghouses shall conduct a compliance test 

every five years. 

(8) By February 4, 2006, the operator shall provide the Executive Officer a list of the 

top process particulate emitters as defined under subparagraph (c)(28)(B), and the 

proposed testing schedule for these equipment. The operator shall conduct 

compliance source tests on representative baghouses within each process system 

and submit test results for these processes every 5 years, with at least two source 

tests conducted in any calendar year. If there are any changes to the list of 

equipment to be tested or the testing schedule, the operator shall notify the 

Executive Officer 60 calendar days before the test date. 

(9) The operator shall not be required to test non-operational equipment, which is not 

in operation for at least 6 consecutive months prior to scheduled testing, as 

indicated in paragraph (e)(8) provided that the operator shall conduct such test 

within one month after resuming operation. 

(10) During any compliance source test, the operator shall monitor and record, at a 

minimum, all operating data for the selected operating parameters of the control 

equipment and the process equipment and submit this data with the test report. 

(11) The operator shall submit a complete test report for any compliance source test to 

the Executive Officer no later than sixty (60) calendar days of completion of the 

source test. 
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(12) Operation and Maintenance Procedures 

(A) The operator shall develop and implement an Operation and Maintenance 

Procedure to ensure that the performance of the air pollution control 

equipment is continuously maintained and operated. The Operation and 

Maintenance Procedure shall include, at a minimum, information on 

monitoring and recordkeeping procedures, routine maintenance 

procedures, corrective and preventive actions for the air pollution control 

equipment, and training related to EPA Method 22, EPA Opacity Test 

Method 9 and SCAQMD Opacity Test Method 9B, and other applicable 

information to demonstrate compliance with this rule. 

(B) The operator shall develop and implement an Operation and Maintenance 

Procedure that would require sufficient maintenance of internal roadways 

and areas, prompt cleanup of any pile of material spillage or carry-back, 

and application of chemical dust suppressant or other dust control methods 

to maintain surface stabilization of the open piles, spillage and carry-back 

to ensure compliance with the opacity standards in paragraph (d)(1) at all 

times. 

(C) The operator shall develop and maintain the Operation and Maintenance 

Procedures described under subparagraphs (e)(12)(A) and (e)(12)(B) 

within 6 months after November 4, 2005, and shall make the Operation 

and Maintenance Procedures available to the Executive Officer upon 

request. 

(f) Reporting and Recordkeeping

(1) The operator shall maintain all records and information required to demonstrate 

compliance with the provisions of this rule in a manner approved by the Executive 

Officer for a period of at least five years which shall be made available to the 

Executive Officer upon request. 

(2) The operator of a facility shall keep, at a minimum, the following records to 

demonstrate compliance: 

(A) Daily records of applying chemical dust suppressants, watering, sweeping 

and cleaning activities; 

(B) Appropriate records, on at least a monthly basis, for primary crushers, 

kilns, raw mills, and finish mills, production records of clinkers and 

cements and records of raw materials delivered to the facility in order to 

determine emissions; 
Rule 1156 (Cont.) (Amended March 6, 2009) 

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(C) Test reports to demonstrate compliance with the emission standards in 

subdivision (d) including, but not limited to, PM emission rates, and 

opacity readings; 

(D) Records of equipment malfunction and repair for the air pollution control 

equipment of the top process particulate emitters specified under 

subparagraph (c)(28)(B); 

(E) Daily records of all material handling, including loading and unloading, 

and storage pursuant to paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(5); 

(F) Monitoring data pursuant to subparagraphs (d)(11), and (d)(12) as 

applicable, and supporting documentation, including, but not limited to 

chains of custody and laboratory results; 

(G) Hourly records of wind speed and direction pursuant to subparagraph 

(d)(13); 

(H) Records of all maintenance activities pursuant to clause (d)(5)(C)(i) and 

paragraph (h)(7), including any equipment testing after the repairs and 

duration of wind fence removal; 

(I) Records of clinker pile reclamation, importation, and transport pursuant to 

clause (d)(5)(C)(i), including duration of wind fence removal; and 

(J) Records of all vehicle traffic and monthly average road trips pursuant to 

paragraph (h)(4). 

(3) Monitoring data shall be reported monthly to, and in an electronic format 

specified by, the Executive Officer. In the event the facility operator finds that an 

exceedance of the levels specified in subparagraphs (d)(11)(A), (d)(11)(B), or 

(d)(12)(A) as applicable has occurred, the operator shall report in writing such 

finding to the Executive Officer, and follow up with a phone call the next business 

day after such finding. 

(g) Test Methods and Calculation 

(1) The operator shall use the following source test methods, as applicable, to 

determine the PM emission rates. All source test methods referenced below shall 

be the most recent version issued by the respective organization. All test results 

in units of grains/dscf shall be determined as before the addition of any dilution or 

air, if present, that was not a part of the stream(s) processed by the device that was 

tested. 

(A) SCAQMD Source Test Method 1.1 or 1.2 – Velocity and Sample Traverse 

Points; 
Rule 1156 (Cont.) (Amended March 6, 2009) 

1156 - 18

(B) SCAQMD Source Test Method 2.1 or 2.3 – Stack Gas Flow Rate; 

(C) SCAQMD Source Test Method 3.1 – Stack Gas Density; 

(D) SCAQMD Source Test Method 4.1 – Stack Gas Moisture; 

(E) SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2 or 5.3 - Determination of Particulate 

Matter Emissions in which reagent grade acetone shall be used to recover 

samples from the components of the sampling train located before the 

particulate filter; 

(F) EPA Source Test Method 5 with the impinger analysis may be used in lieu 

of SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2 or 5.3. 

(G) EPA Source Test Method 5D with the impinger analysis may be used to 

measure PM emissions from positive pressure fabric filters. 

(2) Measurement of particulate matter emissions from the cement kiln shall provide 

for a correction of sulfur dioxide emissions collected in the particulate matter 

samples. Any measured gaseous sulfur dioxide emissions shall be excluded from 

the measurement of particulate matter emissions by subtracting from the mass of 

material collected in any impingers a mass equivalent to the amount of measured 

sulfur dioxide emissions based upon sulfuric acid dihydrate as specified in 

SCAQMD Source Test Methods 5.2 or 5.3. 

(3) Source tests for PM shall be taken and the average of the samples shall be used to 

determine the applicable emission rate in accordance with the following 

requirements: 

(A) Simultaneous duplicate samples shall be obtained unless the operator 

demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer that it is not 

physically feasible to do so, in which case the operator shall take 

sequential triplicate samples; 

(B) All samples must have minimum sampling volume of 120 cubic feet or a 

minimum PM catch of 6 milligrams per sample shall be collected; 

(C) For duplicate samples, the source test shall be deemed invalid if the 

difference between the two samples is greater than 35% of the average of 

the two samples in the applicable units specified in subdivision (d) and if 

the difference between the sample catches normalized to the average 

sampling volume is greater than 3.5 milligrams. If the source test is 

deemed invalid, the test shall be repeated; and 

(D) For triplicate samples, upon approval of the Executive Officer or designee, 

if the operator can demonstrate that the process conditions including, but 

not limited to, the throughput, quantity, type, and quality of all feedstock 
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1156 - 19

to the equipment process, and the emission control equipment conditions 

have not changed throughout the sequential test period, then the operator 

may apply the Dixon outlier test at the 95% significance level to check for 

and discard one outlier, and shall use the average of the two remaining 

samples to determine PM emissions. 

(4) The operator may use alternative or equivalent source test methods, as defined in 

U.S. EPA 40 CFR 60.2, if they are approved in writing by the Executive Officer, 

the California Air Resources Board, and the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency. 

(5) The operator shall use a test laboratory approved under the SCAQMD Laboratory 

Approval Program for the source test methods cited in this subdivision if such 

approved lab exists. If there is no approved laboratory, then approval of the 

testing procedures used by the laboratory shall be granted by the Executive Officer 

on a case-by-case basis based on appropriate SCAQMD protocols and procedures. 

(6) The operator shall use the methods specified in the SCAQMD Rule 403 

Implementation Handbook to determine threshold friction velocity and stabilized 

surface; and EPA Opacity Test Method 9 and Method 22, or SCAQMD Opacity 

Test Method 9B to determine opacity. 

(7) When more than one source test method or set of source test methods are 

specified for any testing, the application of these source test methods to a specific 

set of test conditions is subject to approval by the Executive Officer. In addition, 

a violation established by any one of the specified source test methods or set of 

source test methods shall constitute a violation of the rule. 

(h) Exemptions 

(1) The operator is exempt from installing a three-sided barrier or enclosure, or using 

the test methods in the SCAQMD Rule 403 Implementation Handbook for the 

demonstration of surface stabilization for open storage piles if 90% of the pile’s 

mass consists of materials that are larger than 1⁄2 inch. Applicability of this 

exemption shall be determined through the measurement of any composite sample 

of at least 10 pounds taken from a minimum depth of 12 inches below the pile 

surface, and from various locations in the pile, but not from within 12 inches from 

the base of the pile. This exemption is limited to open storage piles that contain 

only materials other than clinker, providing that such piles meet the performance 

standards in subparagraphs (d)(1)(B) and (d)(1)(C). 
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(2) The operator is exempt from the use of chemical dust suppressants for internal 

unpaved roads if the use of applicable chemical dust suppressants on that specific 

unpaved road violates the rules and/or regulations of the local Water Quality 

Control Board or other government agency provided the operator uses water in 

sufficient quantity and frequency to stabilize the road surface and the operator 

notifies the Executive Officer in writing 30 days prior to the use of water. 

(3) Haul trucks are not required to use designated roads for haul trucks if they travel 

on unpaved roads complying with the requirements in clause (d)(7)(A)(ii). 

(4) The operator is exempt from the use of chemical dust suppressants in clause 

(d)(7)(A)(ii) where a road is used less than a monthly average of twice a day by a 

designated vehicle at a speed limit less than 15 miles per hour. 

(5) The operator is exempt from the use of chemical dust suppressants on unpaved 

areas specified in clause (d)(7)(A)(ii) during a period for demolition activities of 

no longer than six (6) calendar months provided that the operator uses water in 

sufficient quantity and frequency to stabilize the unpaved areas, meets the opacity 

requirements in subparagraphs (d)(1)(B) and (C) at all times, and keeps sufficient 

records to demonstrate compliance. 

(6) With the exception of primary crushing, open material storage piles, and covers 

and existing enclosures for conveying systems, the provisions of this rule shall not 

apply to equipment or operations that are subject to Rule 1157 or Rule 1158 

located at the cement manufacturing facilities, provided that there is no 

backsliding from the current level of control as stated in the permits approved by 

the Executive Officer prior to November 4, 2005 or as required under Rule 1157 

and Rule 1158, whichever is more stringent. 

(7) The operator is exempt from the requirements in clause (d)(5)(C)(i) in the event 

the wind fence material needs to be removed to perform periodic maintenance of 

the clinker crane or building. During the time the wind fence material is removed, 

the clinker crane shall not actively transport clinker material in the building, 

except for post maintenance equipment testing. 

(8) During day(s) in which the instantaneous wind speeds exceed 25 mph using the 

on-site wind monitoring equipment pursuant to (d)(13)(A), the operator is exempt 

from the hexavalent chromium and PM10 averaging provisions of subparagraphs 

(d)(11)(A) and (d)(11)(B), and (d)(12)(A) as applicable, provided all open 

handling of clinker material is ceased and dust controls are applied pursuant to 

subparagraph (d)(13)(B). If the Executive Officer determines a significant 

potential of re-entrained hexavalent chromium containing dust from the facility 
Rule 1156 (Cont.) (Amended March 6, 2009) 

1156 - 21

exists during such high wind events, the operator shall implement an approved 

Mitigation Monitoring Plan to minimize exposure to the surrounding area and to 

ensure implementation of all applicable dust control measures to meet the 

requirements of subparagraphs (d)(11)(A) and (d)(11)(B), and (d)(12)(A), as 

applicable. The Mitigation Monitoring Plan is due 90 days, inclusive of 

appropriate plan fees pursuant to Rule 306, after notification by the Executive 

Officer.