IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 22-1768

Filed March 8, 2023

IN THE INTEREST OF M.D.W.,

Minor Child,

M.W., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Webster County, Joseph L. Tofilon, 

District Associate Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to one child. 

AFFIRMED.

Douglas Cook, Jewell, for appellant father.

Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Ellen Ramsey-Kacena (until 

withdrawal) and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorneys General, for appellee State.

Mary Margaret Lauver, Lake City, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor 

child. 

Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Greer and Chicchelly, JJ.
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CHICCHELLY, Judge.

M.W. appeals the termination of his parental rights to one child, M.D.W. He

contends that the statutory grounds are unsatisfied, termination does not serve the 

child’s best interests, and a six-month extension should have been granted. Upon 

our de novo review, we affirm the termination of his parental rights.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

M.D.W. was born in November 2021 with methamphetamine in his system. 

His mother also tested positive for the substance at the hospital. The father 

claimed to use marijuana socially but denied methamphetamine use. The parents 

voluntarily placed M.D.W. with his paternal grandmother, with whom he has 

remained for the duration of the case. The court adjudicated him a child in need 

of assistance in January.

Prior to the adjudication, the father refused to participate in a drug test and 

reported that he believes a hair test is against his religion. The Iowa Department 

of Health and Human Services offered assistance including parent partners, family 

treatment court, and early head start, and also directed the parents to engage in

mental-health and substance-abuse treatment. On January 20, the father 

acknowledged he would have a positive drug test and did not want his hair cut, so 

he agreed to complete an evaluation and set up the recommended treatment. He 

did not specify for which substance or substances his test would be positive. The 

father shaved his head a few weeks later of his own accord without completing a 
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hair test. The parents did not accept the department’s offer to refer them to parent 

partners or to family treatment court. 

When M.D.W. was hospitalized in April, neither parent came to visit him or 

attend his appointments. The father reportedly stayed with the paternal 

grandmother for a couple of days at a time and helped with his son around the May 

timeframe. The father reported that mental-health counseling and a psychological 

evaluation were set up in May, but he never attended them. The father completed 

a substance-abuse evaluation in May but denied any substance usage. Therefore, 

no treatment was recommended. It was agreed that the father would meet with 

the provider anyway, but he never attended those sessions or completed the 

secondary evaluation requested by the department. No report or drug test were 

provided for the completed evaluation. 

The father never allowed the department into the home where he was 

residing with his brother, so it was not approved for visits. The father left town

without notifying anyone after his brother was shot in late May. The department 

was able to reach the father on June 16 via phone. He asked to meet at his 

mother’s house the next day but did not do so, and then his phone was turned off. 

Up until this time, the father enjoyed free access to visits under the paternal 

grandmother’s supervision since she is M.D.W.’s caretaker. His visits were on and 

off but generally averaged once per week or four times every month. The 

department determined that this access was no longer appropriate and that the 

father needed to make contact and show cooperation first. The department has 

not had an address for the father since then. He called the caseworker on August 

4 but refused to provide an address and stated that he did not have a phone. He 
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indicated that he was going to work out of state and would be gone for a month or 

more. There was no further contact achieved with the father until he was arrested 

in late August after a physical altercation with M.D.W.’s mother and her paramour.

The county attorney filed a petition to terminate parental rights in August, 

and a hearing was held on the matter on October 12. The father was awaiting trial 

on his criminal charges and remained in jail at the time of the hearing. The mother 

failed to appear for the hearing, her parental rights were terminated, and she does 

not appeal. After the court entered an order terminating the father’s rights, he filed 

a timely appeal.

II. Review.

Our review of termination proceedings is de novo. See In re C.B., 611 

N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000). “We will uphold an order terminating parental rights 

where there is clear and convincing evidence of the statutory grounds for 

termination. Evidence is clear and convincing when there is no serious or 

substantial doubt as to the correctness of the conclusions of law drawn from the 

evidence.” In re T.S., 868 N.W.2d 425, 431 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015) (internal citation 

omitted). We give weight to the juvenile court’s fact findings, especially those 

about witness credibility, although they are not binding. See Iowa R. App. 

P. 6.904(3)(g); C.B., 611 N.W.2d at 492.

III. Discussion.

The principal concern in termination proceedings is the child’s best 

interests. In re L.T., 924 N.W.2d 521, 529 (Iowa 2019). Iowa courts use a threestep analysis to review the termination of parental rights. In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 

467, 472 (Iowa 2018). Those steps include whether: (1) grounds for termination 
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have been established, (2) termination is in the child’s best interests, and (3) we 

should exercise any of the permissive exceptions to termination. Id. at 472–73. 

A. Grounds for Termination.

Here, the juvenile court found the State proved by clear and convincing 

evidence that termination of the father’s parental rights was appropriate under 

paragraphs (b) and (e) of Iowa Code section 232.116(1) (2022). We may affirm if 

the record supports termination on any one ground. See In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 

764, 774 (Iowa 2012). However, the father’s petition on appeal does not 

specifically contest either of the grounds. Therefore, we find the argument waived. 

See L.N.S. v. S.W.S., 854 N.W.2d 699, 703 (Iowa 2013) (“Where a party has failed 

to present any substantive analysis or argument on an issue, the issue has been 

waived.”). Even so, termination would be appropriate because the child has been 

removed for at least six consecutive months and the father has not affirmatively 

assumed the duties encompassed by the role of being a parent. See Iowa Code 

§ 232.116(1)(e). Therefore, we find that termination of his parental rights is 

statutorily authorized.

B. Best Interests.

To evaluate the child’s best interests, “the court shall give primary 

consideration to the child’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the long 

term nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and emotional 

condition and needs of the child.” Id. § 232.116(2). The “defining elements” of the 

best-interests analysis are the child’s safety and “need for a permanent home.” In 

re H.S., 805 N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 2011) (citation omitted). 
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The father has not demonstrated he can provide a safe and permanent 

home for M.D.W. He has not had a home approved for visits to which he can take 

the child. He has no driver’s license or working vehicle. The father testified that 

he was not consistent with visitation because he did not have a car, a place to go, 

or a steady job. The in-home worker provided transportation to visits on multiple 

occasions. The caseworker testified that the father’s last known contact with his

child was May 13. His potential to be a successful parent in the future does not 

negate the fact that he has been largely absent from the child’s life for a significant 

period of time. “Parenting cannot be turned off and on like a spigot. It must be 

constant, responsible, and reliable.” In re L.L., 459 N.W.2d 489, 495 (Iowa 1990). 

M.D.W. deserves the permanency and security offered by his familial 

placement. See A.S., 906 N.W.2d at 474 (“[I]t is well-settled law that we cannot 

deprive a child of permanency after the State has proved a ground for termination 

under section 232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be a parent and 

be able to provide a stable home for the child.” (citation omitted)). Accordingly, we 

conclude termination of his father’s parental rights is in M.D.W.’s best interest. 

C. Extension of Time.

The father argues that a six-month extension would have provided him 

sufficient time to resume custody. Iowa Code section 232.104(2)(b) authorizes 

extending a child’s placement for an additional six months if the court identifies 

“specific factors, conditions, or expected behavioral changes” that provide a basis 

for determining “that the need for removal of the child from the child’s home will no 

longer exist at the end of the additional six-month period.” The father maintains 

that he was supporting the mother’s efforts to reunify with their child because he 
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was having housing issues, but he realized around the six-month mark that she 

would not be successful and so it was up to him to gain primary custody. 

Unfortunately, he was arrested around that time and remained in jail. 

The father acknowledges that he made a mistake in relying on the mother. 

However, “in termination of parental rights proceedings[,] each parent’s parental 

rights are separate adjudications, both factually and legally.” In re D.G., 704 

N.W.2d 454, 459 (Iowa Ct. App. 2005). Reunification with the mother would not 

necessarily mean reunification with the father. He needed to independently 

demonstrate his ability to parent M.D.W. appropriately. The father failed to engage 

in any services but claims that more time will allow him to procure steady 

employment and housing. In light of his history, we are not inclined to believe that 

his engagement as a full-time parent will improve sufficiently in a reasonable time. 

See In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 112 (Iowa 2014) (“[W]e cannot deprive a child of 

permanency after the State has proved a ground for termination under section 

232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be a parent and be able to 

provide a stable home for the child.” (citation omitted)). Accordingly, we deny the 

father’s request for more time.

IV. Disposition.

Having considered the father’s arguments concerning the statutory 

grounds, the child’s best interests, and an extension of time, we find each without 

merit and affirm termination of his parental rights.

AFFIRMED.