Testing of Certain High Production Volume 

Chemicals; Second Group of Chemicals

(Final Exposure Findings Supporting 

Information)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 

Economics, Exposure and Technology Division 

August 2010
i

Table of Contents

PREFACE

1.0.....................................................................................................................................DATA SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS

..........................................................................................................................................................3

2.0........................................................................................................SUMMARY OF HPV2 CHEMICALS AND FINDINGS

..........................................................................................................................................................4
ii

Preface

This findings document was prepared to support EPA’s Proposed TSCA Section 4 Test Rule for Certain 

High Production Volume Chemicals; Second Group of Chemicals. Prior to promulgating a test rule under section 4 

of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. §§2601 et seq, EPA is required to make certain findings 

identified in section 4(a) of TSCA relating to the chemical’s risk and potential exposure, the sufficiency of data to 

allow EPA to determine the human health or environmental effects of the chemical, and the need to conduct testing.

Under TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B), EPA must make the following findings to support a test rule based on 

concerns for exposure: (1) that a chemical substance is or will be produced in substantial quantities and that it enters 

or may reasonably be anticipated to enter the environment in substantial quantities and/or that there is or may be 

substantial and/or significant human exposure to such substance; (2) that there are insufficient data and experience 

upon which the effects of the manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use or disposal of such substance 

or mixture or of any combination of such activities on health or the environment can reasonably be determined or 

predicted; and (3) that testing of the substance or mixture with respect to such effects is necessary to develop such 

data. The criteria and standards used by EPA for evaluating the terms “substantial production,” “substantial 

release,” and “substantial or significant human exposure” as used in TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B)(i) are explained in 

EPA’s Final Statement of Policy; Criteria for Evaluating Substantial Production, Substantial Release, and 

Substantial or Significant Human Exposure set forth at 58 FR 28736 (May 14, 1993) (hereinafter referred to as the 

“B Policy”).

This document provides a detailed discussion of EPA’s evaluation of each of the chemical substances 

identified in the proposed test rule to determine that preliminary TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B) findings concerning 

“substantial production,” “substantial release,” and “substantial or significant human exposure” can be made. 
3

1.0 DATA SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS

TSCA Inventory Update Reporting Rule: In 1986, EPA promulgated the Inventory Update Reporting 

(IUR) regulations, under TSCA section 8(a), to facilitate the periodic updating of the TSCA 

Inventory database and to otherwise support activities associated with implementing TSCA. As 

originally promulgated, the IUR required chemical manufacturers (including importers) to report to 

EPA every 4 years the identity of chemical substances manufactured (including imported) annually 

in quantities of 10,000 pounds or more at each plant site they owned or controlled. In 2003 EPA 

adjusted the universe of chemicals and plant sites that are required to report, and the type of 

information reported. In 2005, EPA changed the reporting frequency to once every 5 years, revised 

the manner in which amounts of a chemical substance manufactured or imported must be reported, 

and changed the submission period for reporting after 2006.

To protect the claims of confidential business information (CBI) asserted by some IUR submitters on the amount of 

the chemical substance manufactured (including imported) at a specific site, all production volumes reported by IUR 

submitters (i.e., CBI and non-CBI) for each chemical are combined by EPA for an aggregate total. Confidential 

business information claims are further protected by using eight ranges to identify the total for any specific chemical 

and then making available to the public the range that corresponds to the aggregate production volume. Publiclyavailable information from the 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, and 2002 (and 2006) IUR reporting cycles are available online at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/index.htm

The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) contains information about releases of certain chemicals and management of 

wastes at a wide variety of sources, including manufacturing operations, certain service businesses, and federal 

facilities. Publicly-available information from the 2005 TRI reporting cycle is available on-line at: 

http://www.epa.gov/triexplorer/

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted the National Occupational 

Exposure Survey (NOES) that collected data on potential occupational exposures to chemical, physical, and 

biological agents from 1981 to 1983. The survey involved on-site visits to 4,490 establishments in 522 industry 

types employing approximately 1,800,000 workers in 377 occupational categories. Publicly-available information 

from the NOES is available on-line at: http://www.cdc.gov/noes/default.html

The National Library of Medicine Household Products Database provides information on the chemical 

ingredients and their percentage in specific brands of household products. Information in the database is from a 

variety of publicly available sources including brand-specific labels and Material Safety Data Sheets when available 

from manufacturers and manufacturers' web sites. Publicly-available information from the database is available online at: http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/
4

2.0 SUMMARY OF HPV2 CHEMICALS AND FINDINGS

Table 2-1 below presents a summary of the high production volume (HPV) chemicals and data collected to support an exposure-based finding. Table 2-2 presents a 

chemical-by-chemical explanation of the supporting findings information.

Table 2-1

Summary of Data Searched for Exposure Based Findings

CAS# Chemical Name

IUR 

Number of 

Workers 

Information 

NOES NLM Household 

Chemicals Database

2005 TRI 

Data(Total 

On- and Offsite Disposal 

or Other 

Releases, lbs)

2006 IUR 

Production 

Volume

[Million lbs]

Meet 

Exposure 

Based 

Criteria

For 

Workers

Meet 

Exposure 

Based 

Criteria for 

Consumers

Meet 

Exposure 

Based 

Criteria 

for Release

Non-CBI Commercial/ 

Consumer Code Description

75-07-0

Acetaldehyde > 1,000 216,533

3 hobby/craft glues; 1 

home maintenance 

product

13,567,452 > 100 - 500 Yes Yes Yes

78-11-5

1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-

bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-, 

dinitrate (ester) > 1,000

2,650 no > 1 - 10 Yes Yes C20 - Other

84-65-1

9,10-Anthracenedione > 1,000

6,187 no > 10 - 50 Yes Yes C13-Paper Products

89-32-7 1H,3H-Benzo[1,2-c:4,5-

c']difuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone > 1,000

1,926 no > 1 - 10 Yes

110-44-1 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, 

(E,E)- > 1,000

69,243 yes, 13 personal care 

products > 1 - 10 Yes Yes C16-Rubber & Plastic Products, C20-Other

118-82-1

Phenol, 4,4'-

methylenebis[2,6-bis(1,1-

dimethylethyl)- > 1,000

120,009 no

> 1 - 10

Yes Yes C10-Lubricants, Greases &

Fuel Additives

119-61-9 Methanone, diphenyl-

> 1,000 41,516 5 personal care products; 1 auto product > 1 - 10

Yes Yes

C05-Electtrical & Electronic 

Products, C12-Paints & 

Coatings,C13-Paper Products,

C20 - Other

144-62-7 Ethanedioic acid > 1,000 142,000

4 auto products; 1 brass 

polish; 1 cleanser; 2 

wood brighteners; 1 

bathroom cleanser > 1 - 10

Yes Yes Yes

C06-Fabrics, Textiles, & 

Apparel, C07-Glass & Ceramic 

Products,C13-Paper Products, 

C15-Polishes & Sanitation 

Goods, C17-Soaps & 

Detergents, C20-Other
Table 2-1 (Continued)

 

5

CAS# Chemical Name

IUR 

Number of 

Workers 

Information 

NOES NLM Household 

Chemicals Database

2005 TRI 

Data(Total 

On- and Offsite Disposal 

or Other 

Releases, lbs)

2006 IUR 

Production 

Volume

[Million lbs]

Meet 

Exposure 

Based 

Criteria

For 

Workers

Meet 

Exposure 

Based 

Criteria for 

Consumers

Meet 

Exposure 

Based 

Criteria 

for Release

Non-CBI Commercial/ 

Consumer Code Description

149-44-0

Methanesulfunic acid, 

hydroxyl-, monosodium 

salt > 1,000

239,465 no > 1 - 10 Yes Yes C01-Adhesives & Sealants, 

C16-Rubber & Plastics Goods

2524-04-1

Phosphorochloridothioic 

acid, O,O-diethyl ester > 1,000

1,088 no > 10 - 50 Yes

4719-04-4

1,3,5-Triazine1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-

triethanol

> 1,000

225,251

yes, 7 reported uses of 

Grotan BK (a 

disinfectant) in 4 laundry 

detergents, 1 

dishwashing detergent, 1 

all purpose cleaner, and 

1 glass & surface cleaner

> 10 - 50 Yes Yes Yes C20-Other

6381-77-7

D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic 

acid, .gamma.-lactone, 

monosodium salt > 1,000

19,468 no

> 1 - 10

Yes

31138-65-5

D-gluco-Heptonic acid, 

monosodium salt, (2.xi.)-

> 1,000

74,165 no > 1 - 10 Yes Yes CBI

66241-11-0

C.I. Leuco Sulphur Black 

1

> 1,000

38,555 no > 1 - 10 Yes Yes C06-Fabrics, Textiles & 

Apparel

68187-76-8

Castor oil, sulfated, 

sodium salt > 1,000

11,164 no > 1 - 10 Yes Yes C17-Soaps & Detergents

68187-84-8 Castor oil, oxidized > 1,000 36,381

1 auto product; 1 oilbased primer/sealer; 14 

personal care products; 1 

insect repellent

> 1 - 10 Yes Yes C20-Other

68479-98-1

Benzenediamine, ar,ardiethyl-ar-methyl-

> 1,000

4,121 no > 10 - 50 Yes

68527-02-6 Alkenes, C12-24, chloro

> 1,000

84,192 no > 1 - 10 Yes

68647-60-9 Hydrocarbons, C>4

> 1,000

1,257 no > 1Billion lbs Yes
Table 2-2

Chemical-by-Chemical Explanation of Findings 

CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

75-07-0

Acetaldehyde

This chemical reports >1 million lb release to TRI. The total number of potentially 

exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on reported IUR data. This chemical exceeds

1,000 workers based on NOES data. Additionally, the number of potentially 

exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the uses (hobby/craft 

glues; home maintenance product) cited in the NLM Household Chemicals 

Database. It is expected that hobby or craft glues and home maintenance products 

will be widely used by consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 

10,000 people. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure 

based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The 

production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the 

production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if 

the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the 

usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 

reported IUR production volume range was 500 million -1 billion lbs. The 2006 IUR 

production volume range is 100 million – 500 million lbs.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (100 million -500 million lb)

- Substantial Release (Greater than 13.5 million lb reported to TRI)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (217,000 workers) 

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.

78-11-5

1,3-Propanediol,2,2-

bis[(nitrooxy)methyl],dinitrate (ester)

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on 

NOES data. Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20-

Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere 

classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present 

in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially 

have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would 

meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human 

exposure.” The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was 

compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this 

chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby 

indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were 

gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million -10 

million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million -10 million lbs. (All

stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data 

 (2,650 workers)
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

84-65-1

9,10-Anthracenedione

The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on 

reported IUR data. The number of potentially exposed total workers exceeds 1,000 

based on NOES data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is 

estimated to be very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product 

category for this chemical (C13 – paper products). Chemicals reporting in this 

category are contained in commercial and consumer paper products. It is expected 

that paper products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers 

(including children) and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 

10,000 consumers. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the 

exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The 

production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the 

production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if 

the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the 

usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 

reported IUR production volume range was 500 thousand – 1 million lbs. The 2006 

IUR production volume range is 10 million – 50 million lbs. (All stated IUR 

commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data (6,187 workers)

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on IUR commercial/consumer 

product category (C13) 

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.

89-32-7

1H,3H-Benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']difuran1,3,5,7-tetrone

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based 

findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The production 

volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production 

volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the 

production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of 

these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported 

IUR production volume range was 1 million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR 

production volume range is 1 million – 10 million lbs.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data (1,926 workers).

110-44-1

2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be 

very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database 

(personal care products) and the reported IUR commercial/consumer product 

categories for this chemical (C16 – rubber and plastic products and C20 - other). 

Chemicals reporting in these categories are contained in such products as tires, 

footwear, flooring, bottles, sporting equipment, games, and toys. It is expected that 

these products will be widely used by consumers (including children) and hence, 

may likely exceed 10,000 people. Additionally, products such as tires and flooring 

are also used in a commercial setting, which may lead to exposures of >1,000 

commercial workers. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the 

exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The 

production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the 

production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if 

the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the 

usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 

reported IUR production volume range was 1 million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR 

production volume range is 1 million – 10 million lbs. (All stated IUR 

commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (69,243 workers)

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on the IUR commercial/consumer 

product categories (C16 ) 

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

118-82-1

Phenol,4,4'-methylenebis[2,6-bis(1,1-

dimethylethyl)

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds1,000 based on NOES data. 

Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very 

large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product category for this 

chemical (C10 – lubricants, greases, & fuel additives). Chemicals reporting in this 

category are contained in gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil after refining. 

These are generally commercial or consumer additives to enhance performance or 

clean components of combustion devices. It is expected that these products will be 

widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 

1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers. Based on this information, this 

chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or 

significant human exposure.” The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data 

collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data 

collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or 

increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when 

NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 

million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million – 10 

million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (120,009 workers)

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on and the IUR 

commercial/consumer product category (C10)

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.

119-61-9

Methanone, diphenylThe total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be 

very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database 

(personal care products and auto products) and the reported IUR 

commercial/consumer product categories for this chemical (C05 – electrical and 

electronic products, C12 – paints and coatings, C13 – paper products, and C20 -

other). Chemicals reporting in these IUR product categories are contained in 

computers, office equipment, household appliances, electric lighting and wiring, 

video and audio recording and communication equipment; commercial and 

consumer paints (paste or ready-mix) including artists’ paints, varnishes, lacquers, 

enamels and shellac, paint and varnish removers and cleaners and commercial and 

consumer paper products. It is expected that these products will be widely used by 

commercial workers and consumers (including children) and hence, may likely 

exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers. Based on this 

information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of 

"substantial or significant human exposure.” The production volume data for the 

2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 

IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same 

or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than 

when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range 

was 1 million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million –

10 million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are nonCBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (41,516 workers)

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on the IUR commercial/consumer 

product categories (C05, C12, C13 )

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

144-62-7

Ethanedioic acid

The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on 

reported IUR data. The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 

based on NOES data. The number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to 

be very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database 

(auto products, cleansers, wood brighteners, and polishes) and the reported IUR 

commercial/consumer product categories for this chemical (C06 – fabrics, textiles, & 

apparel, C07 – glass & ceramic products, C13 – paper products, C15 – polishes & 

sanitation goods, C17 – soaps & detergents). Additionally, the IUR 

commercial/consumer product category C20-Other (chemicals contained in 

commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this 

chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of 

commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of 

exposures. Chemicals reporting in these IUR product categories are contained in 

commercial and consumer products made of cotton, silk, wool, or manmade fibers; 

commercial and consumer glass and ceramic products; commercial and consumer 

paper products; furniture, metal, glass, and other polishes and cleaners; waxes and 

dressings for leather and other materials; household and industrial disinfectants and 

bleaches; liquid, granulated, caked, and flaked washing detergents and personal 

soaps; dishwashing compounds; presoaks and scouring compounds for commercial 

and consumer use; and sporting equipment, games and toys. It is expected that these 

products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers (including 

children) and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 

consumers. It is also expected that based on the nature of the C17 use that over 90 

% of the soaps & detergent products that contain this chemical will be released into 

the environment (exceeding the significant release threshold of 10% of the 

production volume). Based on this information, this chemical would likely meet the 

exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure" and 

“substantial or significant release.” The production volume data for the 2006 IUR 

data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data 

collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or 

increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when 

NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 

million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million – 10 

million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Substantial Release based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C17 –

soaps & detergents)

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data 

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (142,000 workers) 

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

149-44-0

Methanesulfunic acid, hydroxylmonosodium salt

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be 

very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product categories for 

this chemical (C01 – adhesives & sealants and C16 – rubber and plastics goods). 

Chemicals reporting in these product categories are contained in industrial and 

household adhesives; glues; caulking compounds; sealants; linoleum, tile, and rubber 

cements; tires; footwear; flooring; and bottles. It is expected that these products will 

be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 

1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers. Based on this information, this 

chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or 

significant human exposure.” The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data 

collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data 

collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or 

increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when 

NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 

million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million – 10 

million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (239,465 workers) 

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on and the IUR 

commercial/consumer product categories (C01 and C16)

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.

2524-04-1

Phosphorochloridthioic acid, O,Odiethyl ester

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based 

findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The production 

volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production 

volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the 

production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of 

these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported 

IUR production volume range was 10 million – 50 million lbs. The 2006 IUR 

production volume range is 10 million – 50 million lbs.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb) 

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data (1,088 workers).
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

4719-04-4

1,3,5-Triazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-

triethanol

The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on 

reported IUR data. The number of workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data. 

Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very 

large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database (laundry 

and dishwashing detergents; and all-purpose and surface cleaners). Additionally, the 

IUR commercial/consumer product category C20-Other (chemicals contained in 

commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this 

chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of 

commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of 

exposures. It is expected that these products will be widely used by consumers 

(including children) and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people. Additionally, 

products such as laundry detergents and all-purpose surface cleaners may be used by 

commercial enterprises that may lead to exposures of >1,000 commercial workers. 

It is also expected that based on the nature of the laundry and dishwashing detergents 

use described in the NLM Household Chemicals Database that over 90 % of the

production volume of the soaps & detergent products that contain this chemical will 

be released into the environment (exceeding the significant release threshold of 10% 

of the production volume). Based on this information, this chemical would meet the 

exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure" and 

“significant or substantial release.” The production volume data for the 2006 IUR 

data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data 

collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or 

increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when 

NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 

million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 10 million – 50 

million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb)

- Substantial Release (Greater than 10% of production volume released)

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on NLM Household Chemicals 

Database information

- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data (225,251 workers)

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.

6381-77-7

D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid,.gamma.-

lactone, monosodium salt

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based 

findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The production 

volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production 

volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the 

production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of 

these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported 

IUR production volume range was 10 thousand – 500 thousand lbs. The 2006 IUR 

production volume range is 1 million – 10 million lbs.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 

- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (19,468 workers).

31138-65-5

D-gluco-Heptonic acid, monosodium 

salt, (2.xi.)-

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based 

findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The production 

volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production 

volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the 

production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of 

these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported 

IUR production volume range was 1 million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR 

production volume range is 1 million – 10 million lbs.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data (74,165 workers).
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

66241-11-0

C.I. Leuco Sulphur Black 1

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be 

very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product category for this 

chemical (C06 – fabrics, textiles &apparel). Chemicals reporting in this category are 

contained in commercial and consumer products made of cotton, silk, wool, or 

manmade fibers. It is expected that these products will be widely used by 

commercial workers and consumers (including children) and hence, may likely 

exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers. Based on this 

information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of 

"substantial or significant human exposure.” The production volume data for the 

2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 

IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same 

or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than 

when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range 

was 1 million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million –

10 million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are nonCBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (38,555 workers) 

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on reported IUR 

commercial/consumer product category (C06 – fabrics & textiles) 

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.

68187-76-8

Castor oil, sulfated, sodium salt

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be 

very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product category for this 

chemical (C17 – soaps & detergents). Chemicals reporting in this category are 

contained in liquid, granulated, caked, and flaked washing detergents and personal 

soaps; dishwashing compounds; and presoaks and scouring compounds for 

commercial and consumer use. It is expected that these products will be widely used 

by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 

commercial workers and 10,000 consumers. The production volume data for the 

2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 

IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same 

or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than 

when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range 

was 1 million – 10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million –

10 million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are nonCBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (11164 workers) 

- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on IUR commercial/consumer 

product category (C17 - soaps & detergents) 

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

68187-84-8

Castor oil, oxidized

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES 

data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be 

very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database (auto 

care products and personal care products). Additionally, the IUR 

commercial/consumer product category C20-Other (chemicals contained in 

commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this 

chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of 

commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of

exposures. It is expected that these products will be widely used by consumers 

(including children) and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people. Additionally, 

products such as auto care products may be used by commercial enterprises that may 

lead to exposures of >1,000 commercial workers. Based on this information, this 

chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or 

significant human exposure.” The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data 

collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data 

collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or 

increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when 

NOES data were gathered. There were no reports for this chemical for the 1986 IUR 

data collection. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million – 10 million lbs.

(All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)

- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data (36,381workers)

- Total workers potentially exceeds 1,000 based on NLM Household Chemicals 

Database information

- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.

68479-98-1

Benzenediamine, ar,ar-diethyl-armethylThe total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds1,000 based on NOES data. 

Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings 

criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The production volume data 

for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 

1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the 

same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less 

than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume 

range was 10 million – 50 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 10 

million – 50 million lbs.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb) 

- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (4,121 workers).

68527-02-6

Alkenes, C12-24, chloro

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on 

NOES data. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure 

based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The 

production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the 

production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if 

the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the 

usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. There 

were no IUR reports for this chemical in 1986. The 2006 IUR production volume 

range for this chemical is 1 million -10 million lbs.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 

- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (84,192 workers).
CAS# Chemical Name Summary of Findings

68647-60-9

Hydrocarbons, C>4

The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES

data. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based 

findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure.” The production 

volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production 

volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the 

production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of 

these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported 

IUR production volume range was 100 million -500 million lbs. The 2006 IUR 

production volume range is > 1 billion lb.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:

- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (>1billion lb)

- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (1,257 workers).