FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

MAR 16, 2007

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 06-13218

Non-Argument Calendar

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D. C. Docket No. 04-00501-CV-J-20-MMH

DARRELL D. GRISSETT, 

Petitioner-Appellant, 

versus 

SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, 

FLORIDA ATTORNEY GENERAL, 

Respondents-Appellees. 

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Florida

_________________________

(March 16, 2007)

Before ANDERSON, BLACK and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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Darrell Grissett, a Florida prisoner, appeals pro se the denial of his habeas

corpus petition, which was brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. During his

criminal trial, his counsel moved for a judgment of acquittal (JOA) on one count of

burglary, arguing that the state’s evidence consisted of a single fingerprint found

on a piece of glass removed from an exterior storm door, which was insufficient

evidence of guilt. Grissett’s counsel did not, however, cite specific caselaw in

support of his argument. The trial court subsequently denied his motion. 

Grissett sought post-conviction relief, arguing that his counsel was

ineffective for failing to support his motion for JOA with caselaw, namely, Lee v.

State, 640 So.2d 126 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994), which reversed a conviction

because the evidence of burglary consisted only of a fingerprint on the outside of a

broken window. The Florida state court denied Grissett’s requests for relief

without addressing his specific argument based on Lee. Rather, the state court

found that his conviction was supported by sufficient evidence, as he was seen

carrying items from a different victim’s home, and because his fingerprints were

identified at “various crime scenes.” Grissett filed for habeas corpus relief in

district court, which denied his petition, also without addressing specifically his

Lee argument. We granted a certificate of appealability on the following question

only: “Whether trial counsel was ineffective for failing to support appellant’s
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motion for a judgment of acquittal with case law.”

On appeal, Grissett asserts that his counsel was ineffective for failing to

support his motion for JOA with caselaw. He contends that, had his counsel raised

Lee, there is a reasonable probability that a JOA would have been granted.

We review a district court’s denial of a § 2254 habeas petition de novo. 

McNair v. Campbell, 416 F.3d 1291, 1297 (11th Cir. 2005), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct.

1828 (2006). Factual findings are reviewed for clear error, and mixed questions of

law and fact are reviewed de novo. Id. 

Pursuant to § 2254:

An application for a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of a person in

custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court shall not be granted

with respect to any claim that was adjudicated on the merits in State

court proceedings unless the adjudication of the claim–

(1) resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an

unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as

determined by the Supreme Court of the United States; or

(2) resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable

determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in

the State court proceeding.

28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)-(2). While we typically give deference to state court

decisions in this context, we have declined to do so if the state court failed to

address the merits of a claim as asserted by the defendant. See Davis v. Sec’y for

the Dep’t of Corr., 341 F.3d 1310, 1313 (11th Cir. 2003). When a state court fails
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to address an issue raised by the defendant, its decision is reviewed de novo. Espy

v. Massac, 443 F.3d 1362, 1365 (11th Cir. 2006). 

Under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064,

80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), a defendant can succeed on an ineffective assistance of

counsel claim if he proves that: (1) his counsel was deficient, i.e., he made errors

so serious that counsel was not functioning as guaranteed under the Sixth

Amendment; and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.

Concerning the deficiency prong, we have stated that “review of counsel’s

performance must be highly deferential,” and we will “avoid second-guessing

counsel’s performance.” Osborne v. Terry, 466 F.3d 1298, 1305-06 (11th Cir.

2006). Thus, to establish deficient performance, a petitioner must “prove by a

preponderance of the evidence that no competent counsel would have taken the

action that his counsel did take.” Grossman v. McDonough, 466 F.3d 1325, 1345

(11th Cir. 2006).

Concerning the prejudice prong, it is not enough for the defendant to show

that the error had some conceivable effect on the outcome of the proceeding. 

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 693, 104 S.Ct. at 2067. Rather, a reasonable probability is

one sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. Id. at 694, 104 S.Ct. at 
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2068. Because a petitioner must meet both parts of the test, we need not address

the performance prong if the petitioner cannot meet the prejudice prong, and vice

versa. Holladay v. Haley, 209 F.3d 1243, 1248 (11th Cir. 2000).

 In Lee, the case relied on by Grissett to support his ineffective assistance of

counsel claim, a Florida court of appeals reversed a defendant’s conviction based

on the finding that the state presented insufficient evidence of guilt to sustain a

burglary conviction. 640 So.2d at 126. There, the state only presented evidence

that the defendant’s fingerprints were found on the outside surface of a church’s

window pane, and he had certain items in his possession. Id. at 126-27. Defense

counsel moved for JOA at the close of the state’s case, arguing insufficiency of

evidence, which was denied by the trial court. Id. at 127. In concluding that

reversal was required, the court of appeals explained:

The facts of this case would lead a reasonable person to suspect that

the defendant committed the burglary but they are not sufficient to

sustain the conviction. Circumstantial evidence can support a

conviction for a crime only if it is consistent with guilt and inconsistent

with any reasonable hypothesis of innocence. Proof that the

defendant’s fingerprint was on the broken window pane is not

sufficient evidence of guilt because the expert witness was unable to

exclude the possibility [that] the fingerprint was placed on the outside

of the window.

Id. (internal citations omitted).

Florida “law is clear that when the state relies solely upon fingerprint
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evidence to establish a defendant’s guilt, the evidence must demonstrate that the

fingerprints could have been made only when the crime was committed.” 

Williams v. State, 740 So.2d 27, 28 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999). Thus, if the only

evidence is fingerprints, and they are “found on an item or in a place accessible to

the general public . . . the defendant is entitled to a judgment of acquittal.” Id. at

28-29 (reversing denial of JOA where the only evidence was defendant’s

fingerprints on a “VCR which had been alongside a well-traveled road for

approximately 90 minutes”); see also C.E. v. State, 665 So.2d 1097, 1098-99 (Fla.

Dist. Ct. App. 1996) (finding entitlement to JOA even where defendant’s

fingerprint was found on the outside of a broken window of a burglarized police

van because the print could have been made while the vehicle was out in the public

visiting crime scenes); Miles v. State, 466 So.2d 239, 240 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App.

1984) (finding JOA appropriate where the only evidence was a fingerprint on a

bench accessible to the general public and on a store window frame, because the

defendant could have been window-shopping). 

Conversely, Florida courts have found that evidence was sufficient to sustain

convictions when fingerprints were found in areas inaccessible to the general

public. See K.S. v. State, 814 So.2d 1190, 1193 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

(affirming denial of JOA where defendant’s fingerprint was found on kitchen
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window located seven feet above ground level on the back of a house); Walker v.

State, 656 So.2d 950, 950-51 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995) (upholding denial of JOA

where fingerprints were found on the windowsill of a bedroom window on the

back of the house).

We need not decide whether we owe deference to the state court decision

pursuant to § 2254(d) because even reviewing Grissett’s claim de novo we

conclude that the claim fails.

In order to meet the Strickland standard, Grissett must show that, had his

counsel supported his motion for JOA with caselaw, namely Lee, there was a

reasonable probability that the trial judge would have granted his motion for JOA. 

See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. at 2068. While Grissett is correct in

asserting that Lee supports his position, see Lee, 640 So.2d 125, other decisions by

Florida courts make a favorable outcome for Grissett less certain, see K.S., 814

So.2d 1190; Walker, 656 So.2d 950. Specifically, Florida courts make a

distinction based on whether or not the location of a recovered fingerprint is

publicly accessible, and it is not clear here whether a storm door of a private home

would be considered publicly accessible under Florida law. See Williams, 740

So.2d at 28-29. Had Grissett’s counsel raised Lee, it is fair to assume that the

government would have distinguished its facts or raised contrary Florida caselaw,
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which does not lead to a certain result based on these facts. See Lee, 640 So.2d

125; K.S., 814 So.2d 1190; Walker, 656 So.2d 950; Williams, 740 So.2d 27; C.E.,

665 So.2d 1097; Miles, 466 So.2d 239. 

As a result, it cannot be said that there was a reasonable probability of a

different and more favorable outcome even if Grissett’s counsel raised Lee. See

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. at 2068. Thus, Grissett does not meet the

prejudice prong of Strickland. See id.; Espy, 443 F.3d at 1365. Accordingly, we

affirm.

AFFIRMED.