p.1 

OAR Box 1168 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

100) ll-C-29 

Docket Number: 

A-89-10 

Printed 4/29/2008 11:23:20 AM Sheet 100 of 131 
P.2 

.MO Sr, , 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTK 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Stanc 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 2 

A-89-10 

II-C-2 9 

SEP 2 7 1990 

Dear Reg Neg Committee: 

Please find enclosed for your review and commeni __ 

equipment leak regulation dated 9/26/90. This draft reflects, with oneurrnar-' 

exception, the comments we received from you on the previous draft and the 

changes that were agreed upon in our subsequent followup phone calls. The 

exception deals with the question of requiring a one-time check of new welded 

connectors to ensure leak-tightness. This draft redlines and strikesout only 

changes from the 8/29/90 draft. I believe we are very close here and the next 

draft should be the "agreement signer". Please focus on the 

possible review cross-references for accuracy. We have made 

that some cross-references may be out of kilter. Please get 

changes and if 

so many changes 

any remaining 

comments 

is still 

back to me no 

in business). 

later than OCTOBER 9 (assuming the Federal Government 

Also enclosed is a draft agreement, 

comments you have back to Phil. 

Read this carefully and get any 

The preamble section requested by API will follow shortly, 

developed into a lengthier document than previously envisioned, 

interest of completeness. 

in 

It has 

the 

I am aiming to wrap up the agreement-in-principle signing around the 

third week in October. We plan to complete the entire preamble in November, 

with a draft for your review and comment. This preamble will be an advance 

notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPR) and describe the equipment leak problem, 

the negotiating process, the bases for the many provisions, and summarize the 

standards. I have not discussed this with anyone, but I see the preamble as a 

stand-alone Federal Register notice. I would prefer instead to make the draft 

rule available upon request, but not publish it in the Federal Register until 

it is an actual proposal, along with the other HON emission sources. I would 

like to see the ANPR published no later than January. If you have any other 

questions on how we are proceeding, please don't hesitate to call. 
P.3 

Draft 

>pk September 24, 1990 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

NEGOTIATED RULEMAKING 

CONCERNING 

CONTROL OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS FROM EQUIPMENT LEAKS 

AGREEMEN T IN PRINCIPL E 

The Negotiated Rulemaking Committee considered the techmcal and policy issues involved in controlling 

fugitive emissions of toxic chemicals from equipment leaks and has reached a consensus on a recommended 

proposed rule to implement Section 112 of the Clean Air Act as amended in 1990. 

, a party to the negotiations, agrees that: 

1. The person signing this agreement is authorized to commit the party to its terms. 

2. When considered as a whole, the party concurs in the recommended proposed rule that is dated 

and entitled "National Emission Standard for Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources)." 

EPA agrees to draft a preamble consistent with the recommended proposed rule and to explain the basis 

and purpose of the rule consistent with the understanding of the Committee. EPA may include the 

equipment leak rule as part of a broader rule dealing with Hazardous Organic NESHAPs. EPA will 

submit the portion of the preamble dealing with equipment leaks to the Committee for its review and 

concurrence. 

The party recognizes that the preamble to the rule will have an important bearing on its scope, apphcation, 

and practical effect. Therefore, the party will enter into a final agreement on the recommended proposed 

rule only when it is accompanied by the portion of the preamble dealing with equipment leaks. 

5. The party agrees to the explanation of the "Relationship between this Regulation and Future Regulations 

for Refinery Equipment Leaks" that is dated August 23, 1990 and is attached to this Agreement in 

Principle. The party also agrees that it shall be included in the preambles to the Advanced Notice of 

Proposed Rulemaking, the Proposed, and the Final Rule. 

6. The final agreement will provide that -

a. EPA will publish the recommended proposed rule and its preamble as an Advanced Notice of 

Proposed Rulemaking. 

b. EPA will publish the recommended proposed rule and its preamble as a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking if Section 112 of the Clean Air Act is amended in substantially the same form as the current 

legislative proposals. If Section 112 of the Clean Air Act is not so amended, the Committee shall agree 

what recommendations to make concerning the proposed rule. 

m 
P.4 

c. Each party other than EPA agrees that it will not file negative comments on the proposed rule or its 

preamble to the extent they are consistent with the recommended proposed rule and preamble that are 

the subject of the final agreement. 

d. Each party other than EPA may comment on those portions of the preamble that explain EPA's 

position on issues that were not the subject of negotiations and are not contained in the preamble to 

which the Committee agreed. 

e. EPA will consider all relevant comments submitted in response to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 

and will make only such modifications in the proposed rule and the preamble as are necessary when 

issuing a rule. 

f. EPA will provide copies of the final rule and its preamble to members of the Committee prior to their 

publication. 

g. Each party other than EPA agrees not to take any action to inhibit the adoption of the recommended 

proposed rule as a final rule. 

h. Each party other than EPA agrees not to challenge the rule in court if the final rule and its preamble 

are consistent with the recommended proposed rule,and its preamble. 

i. Any change in the applicabiUty of the proposed rule and its preamble to petroleum operations will be 

made pursuant to the processes described in the attachment to this Agreement. Otherwise, such 

changes shall be considered as inconsistent with the proposed rule. 

j . Each party other than EPA agrees to file a memorandum informing the agency or the court that it 

participated in the negotiations and that it concurred in the recommended proposed rule when 

considered as a whole -

(1) if adverse comments are filed with the agency or if the rule is challenged in court, and 

(2) if the preamble and rule are consistent with the recommended proposed rule and the preamble. 

Organization 

Date 
P.5 

Draft 9/26/90 

National Emission Standard 

For Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources) 

§XX.X0 Applicability and designation of sources. 

(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to the following oquipmont 

pumps, compressors, agitators, pressure relief devices, sampling connection 

systeias* open-ended valves or lines,, valves, connectors» product accumulator 

vessels, instrumentation systeas, and control devices or systems required by 

this subpart that are intended to operate in volatile hazardous air pollutant 

(VHAP) service 300 hours or greater during the calendar year within a process 

unit listed in paragraph;! (b) and (c) of this section that uses as a reactant 

or makes as an intermediate or final product any of the chemicals listed in 

Appendix §XX.X8-1.;pumps, compressors, agitator seals, prossuro relief 

devices, sampling connection systems, opon ended valvos or lines, valvos, 

flangos and other connectors, product accumulator vessels, instrumentation 

systems, and control devices or systems required by this subpart 

(b)j|l| The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following 

process units as listed in Appendix pXIX8I2i on and after the designated 

dates: 

(*t|) Group I: (1/2 year after promulgation) . [Note;—will include 

BTX units and the original 13 HON source categories.] 

(•2-ii) Group II: (3/4 vear after promulgation) . 

(3-iii) Group III: (1 vear after promulgation) . 

(4-iv) Group IV: (1 1/4 years after promulgation) . 

(§v) Group V: (1 1/2 years after promulgation) . 

(2) The owner or operator of an affected process unit in a later group 

may elect to apply the applicability date of an earlier group. 
P.6 

Draft 9/26/90 

(c) Th#-provisions nf this subpart apply (1/2 vear after protililplpl 

llfpe foi lowing process units as defined in §XX.X1: 

(i) Styrene/butadiena rubber production. 

(ii) Polybutadiene production* 

(iii) Neoprene/chloroprene production. 

(iv) Chlorine production. 

(v) Pesticide production. 

(vi) Chlorinated hydrocarbon use. 

(vii) Pharmaceutical production. 

(viii) Miscellaneous butadiene use. 

(e§) While the provisions of this subpart are effective, a source to 

which this subpart applies that is also subject to the provisions of either 

(i) 40 CFR Part 60 will be required to comply only with the provisions 

of this subpart, except for each pump and compressor equipped with a dual 

mechanical seal system that is in VOC service, or 

(ii) 40 CFR Part 61 will be required to comply only with the provisions 

of this subpart. 

§XX.X1 Definitions. 

All terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning given them in the 

Act, in Subpart A of Part 61, and in this section as follows: 

"Batch Process" means a process in which the equipment is fed 

intermittently or discontinuously. Processing then occurs in this equipment 

after which the equipment is generally emptied. Examples of industries that 

use batch process include pharmaceutical manufacturing and pesticide 

manufacturing. 
P.7 

Draft 9/26/90 

"Batch product-process equipment train" means the collection of 

equipment (e.g., flangosconnectors, reactors, valves, pumps, etc.) configured 

to produce a specific product or intermediate by a batch process. 

•Chlorinated hydrocarbon use* means a process that produces one or more 

of the following products using chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene 

dichloride, methylene chloride or tetrachloroethylene: chlorinated paraffins, 

Hypalon*, OBf>tyi,3.-diisocyanate, polycarbonate, polysulfide rubber* and 

symmetrical tetrachloropyridene. 

"Chlorine production* means a process that uses carbon tetrachloride as 

a diluent for nitrogen trichloride or as a scrubbing liquid to recover 

chlorine frora the liquefaction tail gas* 

"Closed-loop system" means an enclosed system that returns process fluid 

to the process and is not vented to the atmosphere except through a closedvent system. 

"Closed-vent system" means a system that is not open to atmosphere and 

that is composed of piping, connections, and, if necessary, flow-inducing 

devices that transport gas or vapor from a piece or pieces of equipment to a 

control device or back into the process. 

"Connector" means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to 

connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a piece of equipment. A common 

connector is a flange. Joined fittings welded completely around the 

circumference of the interface are not considered connectors for the purpose 

of this regulation. For the purpose of reporting and recordkeeping, connector 

means flanged joined fittings that are not inaccessible|her glass| or glasslined as described in §XX.X2-13(i). 
P.8 

Draft 9/26/90 

"Control device" means an enclosed combustion device, vapor recovery 

system (including devices used for temporary recovery and ultimate disposal, 

such as carbon adsorption), or flare. 

"Double block and bleed system" means two block valves connected in 

series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the two block 

valves. 

"Equipment" means each pump, compressor, agitator s-e-a-1-, pressure relief 

device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, flange or 

e-ther-connector, product accumulator vessel in VHAP service, instrumentation 

system, and any control devices or systems required by this subpart. 

"First attempt at repair" means to take rapid action for the purpose of 

stopping or reducing leakage of organic material to atmosphere . 

"In food/medical service" means that a piece of equipment in VHAP 

service contacts a process stream whose purity is regulated by tho Food and 

Drug Administrationused to manufacture a Food and Drug Administration 

regulated product where leakage of a barrier fluid into the process stream 

would cause any of the following: 

a) A dilution of product quality so that the product would not m||| 

written specifications, 

b) An exothermic reaction which is a safety hazard, 

c) The: intended reaction to be slowed down or stopped, or 

d) An undesired side reaction to occur. 

"In gas/vapor service" means that a piece of equipment in VHAP service 

contains a gas or vapor at operating conditions. 
P.9 

Draft 9/26/90 

"In heavy liquid service" means that a piece of equipment in VHAP 

servicers not in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service. 

"In light liquid service" means that a piece of equipment in VHAP 

service contains a liquid that meets the following conditions: 

(a) The vapor pressure of one or more of the VHAPs components is greater 

than 0.3 kilopascals (kPa) at 20°C; 

(b) The total concentration of the pure |||||components having a vapor 

pressure greater than 0.3 kPa at 20°C is equal to or greater than 20 percent 

by weight; and 

(c) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions. 

[Note: Vapor pressures may be determined by the methods described in 

§60_.485(e)(1)."[obtained from standard reference texts or may be determined by 

ASTM D 2879 (incorporated by roforence as specified in §60.17).] 

"In liquid service" means that a piece of equipment in VHAP service is 

not in gas/vapor service. 

"In-situ sampling systems" means nonextractive samplers or in-line 

samplers. 

"Instrumentation system" means a group of components used to condition 

and convey a sample of the process fluid to analysers and instruments for the 

purpose of determining process operating conditions (e.g., composition, 

pressure, flow, etc.). Valves and connectors are the predominant type of 

component eguipment used in instrumentation systems: however, other types of 

components equipment may also be included in these systems. Only systems that 

consist of componontsvalves and connectors 0.5 inches and smaller in diameter 

are considered instrumentation systems for the purposes of this subpart. 
P.10 

Draft 9/26/90 

Valves and connectors greater than 0.5 inches associated sith instrumentation 

systems are not considered part of instrumentation systems and must be 

monitored individually. 

"In vacuum service" means that equipment is operating at an internal 

pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals (kPa| below ambient pressure. 

"In VHAP service" means that a piece of equipment either contains or 

contacts a fluid (liquid or gas) that is at least 5 percent by weight a 

hazardous air pollutant (VHAP) as determined according to the provisions of 

§XX.X5(d). The provisions of §XX.X5(d) also specify how to determine that a 

piece of equipment is not in VHAP service. 

"In VOC service" means, for the purposes of this subpart, that (a) the 

piece of equipment contains or contacts a process fluid that is at least 10 

percent VOC by weight (see 40 CFR 60.2 for the definition of volatile organic 

compound or VOC and 40 CFR 60.485(d) to determine whether a piece of equipment 

is not in VOC service) and (b) the piece of equipment is not in heavy liquid 

service as defined in 40 CFR 60.481. 

"Liquids dripping" means any visible leakage from the seal including 

dripping, spraying, misting, clouding, and ice formation. Indications of 

liquid dripping include puddling nt stains that are indicative of an 

evaporated drip. 

"Maifunction" means any sudden and unavoidable failure of air pollution 

control equipment oy process equipment or of a process to operate in a normal 

or usual manner.—Failures that are caused entirely or in part by poor 

maintenance, careless operation, or any other preventable upset condition or 

preventable equipment breakdown shall not be considered malfunctions. 

S2H 
P.11 

Draft 9/26/90 

H#i$cel$l»eou$ butadiene use* means a process that produces one or more 

of the following butadiene products; tetrahydrophtalic andydride [THPA], 

methylmethacrylate-butadierie styrene [MBS] resins, Captan*, CaptafolR, 1,4-

hexadiene, adipenitrile, dodecanedionic acid, butadiene-furfural cotrimer, 

methylmethacrylate acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene fHABS] resins, and 

ethylidene norbornene. 

"Neoprene/Chloroprene production" means a process that produces 

chloroprene through the chlorination of 1,3-butadiene and subsequently 

polymerizes the chloroprene to manufacture polychloroprene/neoprene. 

Facilities that produce neoprene starting from chloroprene are not included in 

this source category. 

"Nonrepairable" means that it is technically infeasible to repair a 

piece of equipment -#er||$$ which I leak* ha|ve been detected without a process 

unit shutdown. 

"Open-ended valve or line" means any valve, except pressure relief 

valves, having one side of the valve seat in contact with process fluid and 

one side open to atmosphere, either directly or through, open piping. 

"Pesticide production" means a process that uses one or more of the 

following chemicals as a reactant or a processing aid in the synthesis of a 

pesticide Intermediate or product; carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloridef 

and methylene -chloride. 

"Pharmaceutical production* means a process that synthesizes 

pharmaceutical intermediate or final products using carbon tetrachloride or 

methylene chloride as a reactant or process solvent. 
P.12 

Draft 9/26/90 

"Polybutadiene production" means a process that produces polybutadiene 

through the "polymerization of 1,3-butadiene* 

"Polymerizing monomer" means a molecule or compound usually containing 

carbon and of relatively low molecular weight and simple structure (e.g., 

hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, styrene), which is capable of conversion to 

polymers, synthetic resins or elastomers by combination with itself due to 

heat generation caused by a pump mechanical seal surface, contamination by a 

seal fluid (e.g., organic peroxides or chemicals that will form organic 

peroxides), or a combination of both with the resultant polymer buildup 

causing rapid mechanical seal failure. 

"Pressure release" means the emission of materials resulting from the 

system pressure being greater than the set pressure of the pressure relief 

device. 

"Process unit" means equipment assembled to that uses or produce! a VHAP 

or its derivatives as intermediates or final products, or equipment assembled 

to uso as a reactant a VHAP in tho production of a product.—A process unit 

can operate independently if supplied with sufficient food or raw materials 

and sufficient product storage facilities., and is listed in §XX.X0(b) and 

(c). For the purpose of this regulation, process unit includes all eguipmenf 

associated with the unit process operation (e.g., reactors, distillation, 

etc.), storage, and transfer of feed material and final or intermediate 

product, and wastewater operations, 

"Process unit shutdown" means a work practice or operational procedure 

that stops production froa a process unit or part of a process unit during 

|i||h results in clearing of all process material can be cleared from a 

8 
P.13 

Draft 9/26/90 

process unit or part of a process unit consistent with safety constraints and 

during which repairs can be effected. An unscheduled work practice or 

operational procedure that stops production from a process unit or part of a 

process unit for less than 24 hours is not a process unit shutdown. The use 

of spare equipment and technically feasible bypassing of equipment without 

stopping production are not process unit shutdowns. 

"Product accumulator vessel" means any distillate receiver, bottoms 

receiver, surge control vessel, or product separator in VHAP service that is 

vented to the atmosphere either directly without first going through a 

Q 

pressure relief device or through a vacuum producing system . A product 

accumulator vessel is in VHAP service if the liquid or the vapor in the vessel 

is at least 5 percent by weight VHAP. 

"Repaired" means that equipment is adjusted, or otherwise altered, to 

eliminate a leak as defined in the appropriate |||||l||l||||sections of this 

subpart. 

"Semiannual" means a 6-month period; the first semiannual period 

concludes on the last day of the last month during the 180 calendar days 

following initial startup for new sources; and the first semiannual period 

concludes on the last day of the last month during the 180 calendar days after 

the effective date of a specific subpart that references this subpart for 

existing sources unless an earlier month is designated by the owner or 

IIIIIIII-

"Sensor" means a device that measures a physical quantity or the change 

in a physical quantity, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, pH, or 

liquid level. • •• 

9 
P.M 

Draft 9/26/90 

"Shutdown* {of a control device) means the cessation of operation of a 

lilp.ro! device for any reason. 

"Startup" means the setting in operation of a process unit or control 

device for any purpose. 

"Styrene-butadiene rubber production* means a process that, produces 

|||rene-butadiene copolymers, whether in solid (elastomer) or emulsion (latex) 

"Volatile hazardous air pollutant" or "VHAP" means a substance listed in 

Appendix $XX.X8-I. 

§XX.X2-1 Standards: General. 

(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart 

shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of §XX.X2-1 to §XX.X2-13 

for each new and existing source as required in 40 CFR 61.05, except as 

provided in §XX.X3 and §XX.X4. 

(b) Compliance with this subpart will be determined by review of 

records, review of performance test results, and inspection using the methods 

and procedures specified in §XX.X5. 

(c)(1) An owner or operator may request a determination of alternative 

means of emission limitation to the requirements of §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, 

§XX.X2-5, §XX.X2-6, §XX.X2-7, §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2-9, §XX.X2-11, §XX.X2-12, and 

§XX.X2-13 as provided in §XX.X4. 

(2) If the Administrator makes a determination that a means of emission 

limitation is at least a permissible alternative to the requirements of 

§XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, §XX.X2-5, §XX.X2-6, §XX.X2-7, §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2-9, 

10 
P.15 

Draft 9/26/90 

§XX.X2-11, §XX.X2-12, or §XX.X2-13, the owner or operator shall comply with 

the requirements of that determination. 

(d) Each piece of equipment in a process unit to which this subpart 

applies shall be identified by process unit such that it can be distinguished 

readily from equipment that is not subject to this subpart. Identification of 

the equipment does not require physical tagging of the equipment. For 

example, the equipment may be identified on a plant site plan, in log entries, 

or by designation of process unit boundaries by some form of weatherproof 

identification. 

(e) Equipment that is in vacuum service is excluded from the 

requirements of §XX.X2-2 to §XX.X2-13 if it is identified as required in 

§XX.X6(b)(5). 

(f) Equipment that is in VHAP service less than 300 hours per calendar 

year is excluded from the requirements of §XX.X2-2 to §XX.X2-13 and §XX.X4-2 

if it is identified as required in §XX.X6(b)(|). 

(g) Tho provisions of this subpart apply to each type process unit 

listed in Appendix SXX.X& __ only on and after the applicability dato for 

its specified group as identifod in §XX.X0(b). 

(g) At all times, owners and operators shall, to the extent practicable, 

maintain and operate my process unit and its.equipment including associated 

air pollution control eguipment in a manner consistent with good air pollution 

control practice for minimising emissions. Determination of whether 

acceptable operation and maintenance procedures are being used will be based 

on information available to the Administrator which may include, but is not 

11 
Draft 9/26/90 

limited to, Sto*ittoring results, review of operation and maintenance 

procedures, and inspection of the source. 

(h) The provisions for-existing process units apply to process units 

that commenced construction, reconstruction, or modification before rdateili 

proposal in the FEDERAL RE&ISTER1 ; the provisions for new process units 

apply te units the construction, reconstruction, or modification of which 

commences on or after fdate of proposal in the FEDSMt REGISTER! . 

§XX.X2-2 Standards: Pumps in light liquid service. 

(a) The provisions of this section apply to each pump in VHAP service 

that is in light liquid service. 

(1) The provisions are implemented on the specified applicability dates 

described designated in §XX.X0(b) for existing and new process units in the 

sequential stages phases specified below: 

(i) For each group of existing process units, the phases of the standard 

are: 

(A) Phase I, beginning on the applicability date; 

(B) Phase II, beginning 1 year after the applicability date, and 

(C) Phase III, beginning 2 1/2 years after the applicability date, 

(ii) For new process units, the applicable phases of the standard are: 

(A) A*-4*inety days after the beginning of initial startup or ninety days 

after (promulgation date) . whichever is later, comply with the Phase II 

requirements. 

(B) Beginning 1 year after startup, comply with the Phase III 

requirements. 

12 
Draft 9/26/90 

(2) The owner or operator of an affected process unit may elect to meet 

the requirements of a later phase during the time period specified for an 

earlier phase. 

(3) The provisions for existing process units apply to process units 

that commenced construction^ rccenM-Hi-ci-iftfl;. ot* fitadif icat ion before Tdato o-f 

proposal in tho R&ERAL REGISTER! . the provisions for new process units 

apply to units the construction, reconstructforty or modification of which 

commences on or after fdate of proposal in the FEDERAL REGISTER! . 

(b)||| The owner or operator of an affected process unit shall monitor 

each pump in VHAP service monthly to detect leaks by the method specified in 

|l||15ppand shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (a) through-fe} 

and (d) of this section, except as provided in |XX.X2-l(c) and paragraphs (e)T 

(f), and (g)through (h) of this section. 

(1) The pumps shall be monitored to detect leaks by the method specified 

in §XX.X5(b). 

(2) The instrument reading that defines a leak in each Phase of the 

standard is: 

(i) For phase I, an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater, 

(ii) For phase II, an instrument reading of 5,000 ppm or greater, 

(iii) For phase III, an instrument reading of 

(A) 5,000 ppm or greater for pumps handling polymerizing monomers, 

(B) 2,000 ppm or greater for pumps in food/medical service, and 

(C) 1,000 ppm or greater for all other pumps. 

13 

BU 
Draft 9/26/90 

(3) Each pump shall be checked by visual inspection each calendar week 

for indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal. If there are 

indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal, a leak is detected. 

(c)(1) Each monitored pump with an instrument reading of 2,000 ppm or 

greater, or 5,000 ppm or greater for polymerizing monomer pumps, When a leak 

is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as practicable, but not later than 

15 calendar days after it is detected, except as provided in paragraph (c)(3) 

of this section or §XX.X2-10. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after the trigger level in (c)(1) leak is detected. 

(3) For pumps in Phase III to which a 1,000 ppm leak definition applies, 

repair is not required unless an instrument reading of 2,000 ppm or greater is 

detected. 

(d)(1) The owner or operator shall decide no later than the first 

monitoring period whether to calculate percent leaking pumps on a process unit 

basis or on a facility (all process units subject to the rule at a plant site) 

basis. Once the owner or operator has decided, all subsequent percent 

calculations shall be made on the same basis. 

(2) In Phase III, if, calculated on a 6-month rolling average, the 

greater of either 10 percent of the pumps in a process unit (or facility) or 3 

pumps in a process unit (or facility) leak, the owner or operator shall 

implement a quality improvement program for pumps that complies with the 

requirements of §XX.X3-2f)-. 

(3) The number of pumps at a process unit (or facility) shall be the sum 

of all the pumps in VHAP service, except that pumps found leaking in a 

14 

ia! 
P.19 

Draft 9/26/90 

continuous process unit within 1 month after 4-t-s-startup shall not count in 

the percent leaking pumps calculation for that monitoring period. 

(4) Percent leaking pumps shall be determined by the following equation: 

% PL - ((Pi - Ps)/(P. " Ps)) X 100 

where 

%PL = percent leaking pumps 

PL = number of pumps found leaking as determined through monthly 

monitoring as determined by the method in §XX.X5(b) 

PT = Total pumps monitored in VHAP service, including those meeting the 

criteria in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section 

Ps = number of pumps leaking within 1 month of startup 

(e) Each pump equipped with a dual mechanical seal system that includes 

a barrier fluid system is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of 

this section, provided the following requirements are met: 

(1) Each dual mechanical seal system is: 

(i) Operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is at all times 

greater than the pump stuffing box pressure; or 

(ii) Equipped with a barrier fluid degassing reservoir that is connected 

by a closed-vent system to a control device that complies with the 

requirements of §XX.X2-11; or 

(iii) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid 

into a process stream . 

(2) The barrier fluid is not in light-liquid VHAP service . 

(3) Each barrier fluid system is equipped with a sensor that will detect 

failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both. 

15 

______y________^,__l_____ 
P.20 

Draft 9/26/90 

(4) Each pump is checked by visual inspection each calendar week for 

indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal. 

(i) If there are indications of liquid dripping from the pump seal at 

the time of the weekly inspection, the pump shall be monitored as specified in 

§XX.X5(b) to determine the presence of VHAP in the barrier fluid. 

(ii) If an instrument reading of 1,000 ppm or greater is measured, a 

leak is detected. 

(5) Each sensor as described in paragraph (e)(3) of this section is 

observed daily or is equipped with an alarm unless the pump is located within 

the boundary onf an unmanned plant site. 

(6)(i) The owner or operator determines, based on design considerations 

and operating experience, criteria applicable to the presence and frequency of 

drips and to the sensor that indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier 

fluid system, or both. 

(ii) If indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal exceed the 

criteria established in paragraph (6)(i), or if, based on the criteria 

established in paragraph (6)(i), the sensor indicates failure of the seal 

system, the barrier fluid system, or both, a leak is detected. 

(iii) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(iv) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

16 
P.21 

Draft 9/26/90 

(f) Anylrtitap that is designed with no externally actuated shaft 

penetrating the pump housing is,exempt from paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this 

section* 

(ff) £f-Any pump 4-s-equipped with a closed-vent system capable of 

capturing and transporting any leakage from the seal or seals to a control 

device that complies with the requirements of §XX.X2-ll-**—4-t is exempt from the 

requirements of paragraphs (b)-(e). 

(§!) Any pump that is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant 

site is exempt from the weekly visual inspection requirement of paragraphs 

(b)(3) and (e)(4) of this section, and the daily requirements of paragraph 

(e)(5) of this section, provided that each pump is visually inspected as often 

as practicable and at least monthly. 

§XX.X2-3 Standards: Compressors. 

(a) Each compressor shall be equipped with a seal system that includes a 

barrier fluid system and that prevents leakage of process fluid to atmosphere, 

except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c) and paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section. 

(b) Each compressor seal system as required in paragraph (a) shall be: 

(1) Operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is greater than 

the compressor stuffing box pressure; or 

(2) Equipped with a barrier fluid system that is connected by a 

closed-vent system to a control device that complies with the requirements of 

§XX.X2-11; or 

(3) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid 

directly into a process stream. 

(c) The barrier fluid shall not be in VHAP service . 

17 
Draft 9/26/90 

(d) Each barrier fluid system as described in paragraphs (a) through (c) 

of this section shall be equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of 

the seal system, barrier fluid system, or both. 

(e)(1) Each sensor as required in paragraph (d) shall be checkedobserved 

daily or shall be equipped with an audible alarm unless the compressor is 

located within the boundary o-al an unmanned plant site. 

(2) The owner or operator shall determine, based on design 

considerations and operating experience, a criterion that indicates failure of 

the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both. 

(f) If the sensor indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier 

fluid system, or both based on the criterion determined under paragraph (e)(2) 

of this section, a leak is detected. 

(g)(1) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(h) A compressor is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (a) and 

(b) of this section if it is equipped with a closed-vent system capable of 

capturing and transporting any leakage from the seal to a control device that 

complies with the requirements of §XX.X2-11, except as provided in paragraph 

(i). 

(i) Any compressor that i$ designated, as described in §XX.X6(b)(2) to 

operated as indicated by an instrument reading of less than SOO ppm above 

18 
Draft 9/26/90 

background is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (a) through (h) of 

this section if the compressor: 

(1) Is demonstrated to be operating with an instrument reading of less 

than 500 ppm above background, as measured by the method specified in 

§XX.X5(c); and 

(2) Is tested for compliance with paragraph (i)(l) initially upon 

designation, annually, and at other times requested by the Administrator. 

§XX.X2-4 Standards: Pressure relief devices in gas/vapor service. 

(a) Except during pressure releases, each pressure relief device in 

gas/vapor service shall be operated with an instrument reading of less than 

500 ppm above background, as measured by the method specified in §XX.X5(c). 

(b)(1) After each pressure release, the pressure relief device shall be 

returned to a condition indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 

ppm above background, as soon as practicable, but no later than 5 calendar 

days after each pressure release, except as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) No later than 5 calendar days after the pressure release, the 

pressure relief device shall be monitored to confirm the condition indicated 

by an instrument reading of less than 500 ppm above background, as measured by 

the method specified in §XX.X5(c). 

(c) Any pressure relief device that is equipped with a closed-vent 

system capable of capturing and transporting leakage from the pressure relief 

device to a control device as described in §XX.X2-11 is exempt from the 

requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. 

§XX.X2-5 Standards: Sampling connection systems. 

19 
P.24 

Draft 9/26/90 

(a) Each sampling connection system shall be equipped with a 

closed-purge system or closed vent system, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(b) Each closed-purge system or closed vent system as required in 

paragraph (a) shall: 

(1) Return the purged process fluid directly to the process line ; or 

(2) Collect and recycle the purged process fluid ; or 

(3) Be designed and operated to capture and transport all the purged 

process fluid to a control device that complies with the requirements of 

§XX.X2-11. 

(c) In-situ sampling systems are exempt from the requirements of 

paragraphs (a) and (b). 

§XX.X2-6 Standards: Open-ended valves or lines. 

(a)(1) Each open-ended valve or line shall-be equipped with a cap, blind 

flange, plug, or a second valve, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(2) The cap, blind flange, plug, or second valve shall seal the open end 

at all times except during operations requiring process fluid flow through the 

open-ended valve or line or during maintenance or repair. 

(b) Each open-ended valve or line equipped with a second valve shall be 

operated in a manner such that the valve on the process fluid end is closed 

before the second valve is closed. 

(c) When a double block and bleed system is being used, the bleed valve 

or line may remain open during operations that require venting the line 

between the block valves but shall comply with paragraph (a) of this section 

at all other times. 

IXX.X2-7 Standards: Valves in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 

20 

• 
P.25 

Draft 9/26/90 

(a) The provisions of this section apply to valves in VHAP service that 

are either in gas service or in light liquid service. 

(1) The provisions are implemented on the specified applicability dates 

described designated in §XX.X0(b) for existing and new process units in the 

sequential stages phases specified below: 

(i) For group of existing process units, the phases of the standard are: 

(A) Phase I, beginning on the applicability date; 

(B) Phase II, beginning 1 year after the applicability date; and 

(C) Phase III, beginning 2 1/2 years after the applicability date, 

(ii) For new process units, the applicable phases of the standard are: 

(A) At-Ninety days after the beginning of initial startup or ninety days 

after promulgation, whicherver is later, comply with the Phase II 

requirements. 

(B) Beginning 1 year after startup, comply with the Phase III 

requirements. 

(2) The owner or operator of an affected process unit may elect to meet 

the requirements of a later phase during the time period specified for an 

earlier phase. 

(b) The owner or operator of an affected process unit shall monitor all 

valves in VHAP service, except as provided in §§XX,X2-l(c), and (h) and (i) of 

this' section, at the intervals specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 

section and shall comply with paragraphs (e) through (1) all other provisions 

of this section, except as provided in §XX.X2-10, a*d-§XX.X4-1, §XX.X4-2, and 

§XX.X4-3. 

21 
P.26 

Draft 9/26/90 

(1) The valves shall be monitored to detect leaks by the method 

specified in §XX.X5(b). 

(2) The instrument reading that defines a leak in each Phase of the 

standard is: 

(i) For phase I, an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater, 

(ii) For phase II, an instrument reading of 500 ppm or greater, 

(iii) For phase III, an instrument reading of 500 ppm or greater. 

(c) In Phases I and II, each valve shall be monitored quarterly. 

(d) In Phase III, the owner or operator shall monitor valves for leaks 

at the intervals specified below: 

(1) At process units with 2 percent or greater leaking valves, 

calculated as a rolling average of 2 consecutive periods, the owner or 

operator shall either: 

(i) monitor each valve.once per month; or 

(ii) Within the first year after the onset of Phase III, implement a 

quality improvement program for valves that complies with the requirements of 

§XX.X3-1. 

(2) At process units with less than 2 percent leaking valves, the owner 

or operator shall monitor each valve in VHAP service once each quarter, except 

as provided in the following paragraphs (3) and (4). 

(3) At process units with less than 1 percent leaking valves, the owner 

or operator may elect to monitor each valve in VHAP service once every 2 

quarters. 

22 
P.27 

Draft 9/26/90 

(4) At process units with less than 0.5 percent leaking valves, the 

owner or operator may elect to monitor each valve in VHAP service once every 4 

quarters. 

(e)(1) Percent leaking valves at a process unit shall be determined by 

the following equation: 

%VL = (VL/(VT + Vc)j X 100 

where 

%VL = percent leaking valves 

VL = number of valves found leaking excluding nonrepairables as provided 

in paragraph (jc) of this section 

VT = Total valves monitored 

Vc = Credit for removed valves = 0.67 X $§§§number of valves in VHAP 

service removed from process unit after (date of proposal) 

(2) For use in determining monitoring frequency, as specified in 

paragraph (d) of this section, the percent leaking valves shall be calculated 

as a rolling average of 2 consecutive monitoring periods for monthly, 

quarterly, or semiannual monitoring programs; and as an average of any 3 out 

of 4 consecutive monitoring periods for annual monitoring programs. 

(3)(i) Nonrepairable valves shall be included in the calculation of 

percent leaking valves the first time the valve is identified as leaking and 

nonrepairable and as required to comply with paragraph (e)(3)(ii) of this 

section. Otherwise, a number of nonrepairable valves (identified and included 

in the percent leaking calculation in a previous period) up to a maximum of 1 

percent of the total number of valves in VHAP service at a process unit may be 

23 
P.28 

Draft 9/26/90 

excluded frm calculation of percent leaking valves for subseguent monitoring 

Illlllll 

(ii) If the number of nonrepairable valves exceeds 1 percent of the 

total number of valves in VHAP service at a process unit, the number of 

nonrepairable valves exceeding 1 percent of the total number of valves in VHAP 

service shall be included in the calculation of percent leaking valves. 

(f)(1) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but no later than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected, 

except as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(3) When a leak is detectodrepaired, the valve shall be monitored at 

least once with within the next quarterthree months after its repair. 

(g) First attempts at repair include, but are not limited to, the 

following practices where practicable: 

(1) Tightening of bonnet bolts; 

(2) Replacement of bonnet bolts; 

(3) Tightening of packing gland nuts; and 

(4) Injection of lubricant into lubricated packing. 

(h) Any valve that is designated, as described in §XX.X6(i)(l), as an 

unsafe-to-monitor valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) 

through (d) of this section if: 

(1) The owner or operator of the valve determines that the valve is 

unsafe to monitor because monitoring personnel would be exposed to an 

24 
Draft 9/26/90 

immediate danger as a consequence of complying with paragraph (b) through (d) 

of this section; and 

(2) The owner or operator of the valve has a written plan that requires 

monitoring of the valve as frequently as practicable during safe-to-monitor 

times. 

(i) Any valve that is designated, as described in §XX.X6(i)(2), as a 

difficult-to-monitor valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) 

through (d) of this section if: 

(1) The owner or operator of the valve determines that the valve cannot 

be monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 meters 

above a support surface; 

(2) The process unit within which the valve is located is an existing 

process unit; and 

(3) The owner or operator of the valve follows a written plan that 

requires monitoring of the valve at least once per calendar year. 

(j) Any equipment located at a plant site with fewer than 250 valves in 

VHAP service is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (d)(1) of this 

section. The owner or operator shall monitor each valve in VHAP service for 

leaks once each quarter, or comply with paragraphs (d)(3) or (d)(4) of this 

section. 

•fk)(l) Nonrepairable valves shall be included in the calculation of 

percent leaking valvos the first timo the valve is identified as leaking and 

nonrepairable and as required to comply with paragraph (k)(2) of this section. 

Otherwise, a number of nonrepairable valves up to a maximum of 1 percent of 

25 
Draft 9/26/90 

the total number of valvoo in VHAP sorvico at a procoGS unit may be excluded 

from calculation of percent leaking valvos for subsequent monitoring periods. 

(2) If the number of nonrepairable valves exceeds 1 percent of tho total 

number of valvos in VHAP service at a process unit, the number of 

nonrepairable valvos exceeding 1 percent of the total number of valves in VHAP 

service shall be included in the calculation of percent leaking valvos. 

§XX.X2-8 Standards: Pumps, valves, flangos and other1 connectors, and 

agitatori sea+s-in heavy liquid services instrumentation systems-fl and 

pressure relief devices in liquid service . 

(a) Pumps, valves, flanges and other connectors, and agitators seals in 

heavy liquid service, instrumentation systems, and pressure relief devices in 

light liquid or heavy liquid service, and instrumentation systems shall be 

monitored within 5 calendar days by the method specified in §XX.X5(b) if 

evidence of a potential leak is found by visual, audible, olfactory, or any 

other detection method, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). If a potential 

leak in an instrumentation system is repaired as required in paragraphs 

(c)(1), (c)(2), (c)(3), and (d) of this section, it is not necessary to 

monitor the system for leaks by the method specified in §XX.X5(b). 

(b) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater for agitator! 

seals, 1,000 ppm or greater for pumps, and|| 500 ppm or greater for valves, 

flanges and other connectors, instrumentation systems, and pressure relief 

devices is measured, a leak is detected. 

(c)(1) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

26 
P.31 

Draft 9/26/90 

(2) The first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(3) For instrumentation systems that are not monitored by the method 

specified in §XX.X5(b), repaired shall mean that the visual, audible, 

olfactory, or other indications of a leak have been eliminated; that no 

bubbles are observed at potential leak sites during a leak check using soap 

solution; or that the system will hold a test pressure. 

(d) First attempts at repair include, but are not limited to, the best 

practices described under §XX.X2-7(e). 

§XX.X2-9 Standards: Product accumulator vessels. 

(a) Each product accumulator vessel shall be equipped with a closed-vent 

system capable of capturing and transporting any leakage from the vessel to a 

control device as described in §XX.X2-11, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

§XX.X2-10 Standards: Delay of repair. 

(a) Delay of repair of equipment for which leaks have been detected is 

allowed if the repair is technically infeasible without a process unit 

shutdown. Repair of this equipment shall occur before the end of the next 

process unit shutdown. 

(bj Delay of repair of equipment for which leaks have been detected is 

allowed for equipment that is isolated from the process and that does not 

remain in VHAP service. 

(c) Delay of repair for valves, connectors, and agitators is also 

allowed if: 

27 
Draft 9/26/90 

(1) The owner or operator determines that emissions of purged material 

resulting from immediate repair are greater than the fugitive emissions likely 

to result from delay of repair, and 

(2) When repair procedures are effected, the purged material is 

collected and destroyed or recovered in a control device complying with 

§XX.X2-11. 

(d) Delay of repair for pumps is also allowed if: 

(1) Repair requires tho use of replacing a single mechanical seal system 

11111a dual mechanical seal system that includes a barrier fluid system, and 

(2) Repair is completed as soon as practicable, but not later than 6 

months after the leak was detected. 

(e) Delay of repair beyond a process unit shutdown will be allowed for a 

valve or if valve assembly replacement is necessary during the process unit 

shutdown, valve assembly supplies have been depleted, and valve assembly 

supplies had been sufficiently stocked before the supplies were depleted. 

Delay of repair beyond the next process unit shutdown will not be allowed 

unless the next process unit shutdown occurs sooner than 6 months after the 

first process unit shutdown. 

§XX.X2-11 Standards: Closed-vent systems and control devices. 

(a) Owners or operators of closed-vent systems and control devices used 

to comply with provisions of this subpart shall comply with the provisions of 

this section, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(b) Vapor recovery systems (for example, condensers and adsorbers) shall 

be designed and operated to recover the organic vapors vented to them with an 

efficiency of 95 percent or greater. 

28 
P.33 

Draft 9/26/90 

(c) Enclosed combustion devices shall be designed and operated to reduce 

the VHAP emissions vented to them with an efficiency of 95 percent or greater 

•3 

or to provide a minimum residence time of 0.50 seconds at a minimum 

temperature of 760°C. 

(d) Flares used to comply with this subpart shall comply with the 

requirements of §60.18. 

(e) Owners or operators of control devices that are used to comply with 

the provisions of this subpart shall monitor these control devices to ensure 

that they are operated and maintained in conformance with their design. 

(f)(1) Closed-vent systems shall be designed for and operated with «e 

detectable omissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 

ppm above background and by visual inspections, as determined by the methods 

specified as §XX.X5(c). 

(2) Closed-vent systems shall be monitored to determine compliance with 

this section initially in accordance with §61.05, annually, and at other times 

requested by the Administrator. 

(3) Leaks, as indicated by an instrument reading greater than 500 ppm 

above background and visual inspections, shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected. 

(4) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after the leak is detected. 

(g) Closed-vent systems and control devices used to comply with 

provisions of this subpart shall be operated at all times when emissions may 

be-are vented to them, except during periods of startup, shutdown, and 

malfunction at which times the ownor or operator shall, to the extent 

29 
Draft 9/26/90 

practicable, maintain and operate the source in a manner consistent with good 

air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions. 

§XX.X2-12 Standards: Agitator! s-eal-&-in gas/vapor service and in light 

liquid service. 

(a)(1) Each agitator seal shall be monitored monthly to detect leaks by 

the methods specified in §XX.X5(b), except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(2) Each agitator seal shall be checked by visual inspection each 

calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal. 

(b)(1) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater is measured, a 

leak is detected. 

(2) If there are indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal, 

a leak is detected. 

(c)(1) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected|ipl||| 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(d) Any agitator equipped with a closed-vent System capable of capturing 

and transporting any leakage from the seal or seals to a control device that 

complies &iih the reguirements of §XX.X2-il is exempt from the requirements of 

paragraphs {$)-(e). 

§XX.X2-13 Standards: Ranfes^|||||||||in Gas/Vapor Service and in Light 

Liquid Service. 

(a) The owner or operator of an affected process unit shall monitor all 

flangesconnectors in VHAP service, except as provided in §§XX»X2-l(c),, and 

30 

Ki 
Draft 9/26/90 

(f) through (+h) of this section, at the intervals specified in paragraph (b) 

of this section and shall comply with paragraphs (c) through (j) of this 

section. 

(1) The flanges connectors shall be monitored to detect leaks by the 

method specified in §XX.X5(b). 

(2) If an instrument reading greater than or equal to 500 ppm is 

measured, a leak is detected. 

(b) The owner or operator shall monitor for leaks at the intervals 

specified below. 

(1) Within the first 12 months after promulgation of this subpart §§§ 

specified applicability dates described in §XX.X0{b) for each group of 

existing process units, the owner or operator shall monitor all 

f 1 anges|pj|e|lll|, except as provided in paragraphs (f) through (4-g) of this 

section. 

(2) Within the first 12 months after the beginning of startup or within 

12 months after (date of promulgation) . whichever is later, for new process 

units, the owner or operator Shall monitor all connectors, except as provided 

in paragraphs (f) through (g) of this section. 

(£3) After conducting the initial survey required in paragraph (b)(1) of 

this section, the owner or operator shall perform all subsequent monitoring of 

f1angesconnectors at the following frequencies: 

(i) Once per calendar year, if the percent leaking flangosconnectors in 

the process unit 4*|i| 0.5 percent or greater during the last required 

monitoring period. 

31 
Draft 9/26/90 

(ii) Once every two calendar years, if the percent leaking 

f1angesconnectors is less than 0.5 percent. An owner or operator may comply 

with this paragraph by monitoring any portion at least 40 percent of the 

flangosconnectors in the first year and the remainder of the flangosconnectors 

in the second year. The percent leaking flangosconnectors will be calculated 

for the total of the two monitoring periods. 

(3|) If the owner or operator of a process unit in a biennial leak 

detection and repair program bas-calculates less than 0.5 percent leaking 

f^-angesconnectors at^from the 2-year demon strat i onmoni tori ng period, the owner 

or operator may monitor the f1angcsff|iffllf| 1 time every 4 years. An owner 

or operator may comply with the requirements of this paragraph by monitoring 

any portion at least 20 percent of the flangesconnectors each year until all 

flangosconnectors have been monitored within 4 years. 

(4|) If a process unit complying with the requirements of paragraph (b) 

using a 4 year monitoring interval program has greater than or equal to 0.5 

percent but less than 1 percent leaking f!angesconnectors, the owner or 

operator shall increase the monitoring frequency to 1 time every 2 years. An 

owner or operator may comply with the requirements of this paragraph by 

monitoring any portion at least 40 percent of the flangosconnectors in the 

first year and the remainder of the f1angesconnectors in the second year. The 

owner or operator may again elect to use the provisions of paragraph (b)(3*|) 

when the percent leaking -fl-angeeconriectors decreases to less than 0.5 percent. 

(•&§) If a process unit complying with requirements of paragraph (b) 

using a 4 year monitoring interval program has 1 percent or greater leaking 

flangosconnectors, the owner or operator shall increase the monitoring 

32 
Draft 9/26/90 

frequency to 1 time per year. The owner or operator may again elect to use 

the provisions of paragraph (b)(3§) when the percent leaking f1angcs||||||i||| 

decreases to less than 0.5 percent. 

(c) Each f4angeconnector that has been opened or has otherwise had the 

seal broken shall be monitored for leaks within 60 calendar days e-f—after 

being returned to VHAP service, including those determined to be nonrepairable 

prior to process unit shutdown. If the followup monitoring detects a leak, it 

shall be repaired according to the provisions of paragraph (d) of this 

section, unless it is determined to be nonrepairable, in which case it is 

counted as a nonrepairable for the purposes of paragraph (i)(2) of this 

section. 

(d) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but no later than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected, 

except as provided in paragraph (hf) of this section and in §XX.X2-10. A 

first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after the 

leak is detected. 

(e) If a leak is detected, the f+angeconnector shall be monitored for 

leaks within 60 calendar days after its repair. 

(f) Any f1angoconnector that is designated, as described in 

§XX.X6(i)(l), as an unsafe-to-monitor f-Vangeeonnector is exempt from the 

requirements of paragraph (a) if: 

(1) The owner or operator determines that the flange connector is 

unsafe-to-monitor because personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as 

a result of complying with paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section; and 

33 
P.38 

Draft 9/26/90 

(2) The owner or operator has a written plan that requires monitoring of 

the flange |pil|l|||i|as frequent as practicable during safe to monitor 

periods. 

(g) Any flange connector that is designated, as described in 

§XX.X6(i)(3), as an unsafe-to-repair flange connector is exempt from the 

requirements of paragraphs (a), (d), and (e) of this section if: 

(1) The owner or operator determines that repair personnel would be 

exposed to an immediate danger as a consequence of complying with paragraph 

(d) of this section; and 

(2) The flange connector will be repaired before the end of the next 

scheduled shutdown of the process unit. 

(h)(1) Any £ten§e-connector that is designated, as decribed in 

§XX.X6(i)(4), as inaccessible, or is glass or glass-lined is exempt from the 

monitoring requirements of paragraph (a) of this section and from the 

recordkeeping and reporting requirements of §XX.X6 and §XX.X7. An 

inaccessible flange connector is one that is 

(A) Buried, 

(B) Insulated in a manner that prevents access to the connector by a 

monitor probe, 

(C) Obstructed by equipment or piping that prevent access to the fl-ango 

ll||||||||by a monitor probe, or 

(D) Greater than 25 foot abovo tho ground and cannot be reached with a 

portable scaffoldCannot be reached from a 25-foot portable scaffold on the 

ground, and is greater than 2 meters above a support surface. 

34 
P.39 

Draft 9/26/90 

(2) If any inaccessible, or glass or glass-lined flange connector is 

observed by visual, audible, olfactory, or other means to be leaking, the leak 

shall be repaired as soon as practicable, but no later than 15 calendar days 

after the leak is detected, except as provided in §XX.X2-10 and paragraph (g) 

of this section. 

(3) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after the leak is detected. 

(i) For use in determining the monitoring frequency, as specified in 

paragraph (b) of this section, the percent leaking flangos ||||||lll|lshall be 

calculated as follows: 

(1) For the first monitoring survey after startupperiod, use the 

following equation: 

% Ff L = (f|L/(F|t + f|c)) x 100 

Where 

% F@L = percent leaking flangosconnectors 

F!L =number of flangos connectors measured at 500 ppm or 

greater, by the method specified in §XX.X5||| 

fCt =total number of monitored flangos connectors in the 

process unit 

f|c =credit for removed flangos connectors = 0.67 X net number 

of flangos connectors in VHAP service removed from the 

process unit. 

(2) For subsequent monitoring periods, use the following equation: 

% % = [(f|L - FfN)/(F|t + Ffc - £§,)] x 100 

Where 

35 
Draft 9/26/90 

% FfL = percent leaking fl angesconnectors 

f|L =number of flanges connectors measured at 500 ppm or 

greater, by the method specified in §XX.X5(b) 

F§H =number of nonrepairable flanges connectors not to exceed 

2 percent of the total flange connector population, Ft 

F|t =total number of monitored flangos connectors, including 

nonrepairables, in the process unit. 

F|c =eredit for removed flangos connectors = 0.67 X $lf|number 

of flanges connectors in VHAP service removed from the 

process unit. 

§XX.X3-1 Quality Improvement Program (QIP) for Valves. 

(a) In Phase III, to comply with the requirements in §XX.X2-7(d)(l)(ii), 

an owner or operator may elect to comply with one of the alternative quality 

improvement programs specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section. The 

option decision to use one of these alternative provisions to comply with the 

requirements of §XX.X2-7(d)(l)(ii) is available only must be made during the 

first year of Phase III for existing process units and for new process units. 

(b) An owner or operator of a process unit subject to the requirements 

of paragraph! (d) or (e) of this section shall comply with those requirements 

until the process unit has fewer than 2 percent leaking valves, calculated as 

a rolling average of 2 consecutive quarters end-as specified in §XX.X2-7(e). 

Whon the process unit has fewer than 2 percent leaking valvos, the owner or 

operator shall comply with the requirements in §XX.X2 7. 

(c) An owner or operator of a process unit subject to the requirements 

of paragraph (e) of this section shall comply with those requirements until 

36 

! 
P.41 

Draft 9/26/90 

the process unit has fewer than 2 percent leaking valvos, calculated as a 

rolling average of 2 conoocutivo quarters and as spocifiod in §XX.X2 7(e). 

(c) After the process unit has fewer than 2 percent leaking valves, the 

owner or operator may elect to comply with the requirements in §XX.X2-7, to 

continue to comply with the requirements in paragraph (e) of this section, or 

both. If the owner or operator elects to continue the QIP, the owner or 

operator is exempt from the requirements for performance trials, as specified 

in paragraph (e)(6) of this section, as long as the process unit has fewer 

than 2 percent leaking valves. If the owner or operator elects to comply with 

both, he may also take advantage of the lower monitoring frequencies 

associated with lower leak rates in §XX»X2'7« If the owner or operator elects 

not to continue QIP, 44-the QIP is no longer an option if the process unit 

again exceeds 2 percent leaking valves, and in such case, monthly monitoring 

will be required. 

(d) The following requirements shall be met if an owner or operator 

elects to use a QIP to demonstrate further progress: 

(1) The owner or operator shall continue to comply with the requirements 

in §XX.X2-7 except each valve shall be monitored quarterly. 

(2) The owner or operator shall collect the following data, and maintain 

records as required in §XX.X6|I|, for each valve in each process unit subject 

to the QIP: 

(i) The maximum instrument reading observed in each monitoring 

observation before repair, the response factor for the stream if appropriate, 

the instrument model number, and date of the observation. 

(ii) Whether the valve is in gas or light liquid service. 

37 
Draft 9/26/90 

(iii) If a leak is detected, the repair methods used and the instrument 

readings after repair. 

(3) The owner or operator shall continue to collect data on the valves 

as long as the process unit remains in the QIP. 

(4) The owner or operator must demonstrate progress in reducing the 

percent leaking valves each quarter the process unit is subject to the 

requirements of paragraph (d) of this section, except as provided in paragraph 

(d)(4)(ii) of this section. 

(i) Demonstration of progress shall mean |||i|||||each quarter there is 

at least a 10 percent reduction in the percent leaking valves from the percent 

leaking valves determined for the preceding monitoring period. The percent 

leaking valves shall be calculated as a rolling average of 2 consecutive 

quarters of monitoring data. The percent reduction shall be calculated using 

the rolling average percent leaking valves, according to the following: 

%LVR - (*LVAV6t - %LVAVG2)/%LVAvel x 100 

Hill 

%l\ » Percent leaking valve reduction 

%LVAV0, - {«ru 4*fLM ) /2 

and %LVAVG? - (%VLH1 + *V t M } / 2 

where %VU , %VU+1 , 3Wtl4a are percent leaking valves calculated for subsequent 

monitoring periods, i, i+1, i+2 

(ii) An owner or operator who fails for 2 consecutive quarter*!! 

||||||es to demonstrate at least a 10 percent reduction in percent leaking 

valves and the overall average percent reduction is less than 10 percent per 

!!!!§H shall either comply with the requirements in §XX.X2-7(d)(l) using 

38 
Draft 9/26/90 

monthly monitoring or shall comply using a QIP for technology review as 

specified in paragraph (e) of this section. If the owner or operator elects 

to comply with the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section, the schedule 

for performance trials and valve replacements remains as specified in 

paragraph (e). 

(e) The following requirements shall be met if an owner or operator 

elects, to use a QIP of technology review and improvement: 

(1) The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in §XX.X2-

7 except the requirement for monthly monitoring in paragraph ||||||||(d)(l)(i) 

does not apply. 

(2) The owner or operator shall collect the data specified below, and 

maintain records as required in §XX.X6(m), for each valve in each process unit 

subject to the QIP. The data may be collected and the records may be 

maintained on a process unit or group of process units basis. 

(i) The data shall include the following: 

(A) Valve type (e.g., ball, gate, check); valve manufacturer; valve 

design (e.g., external stem or actuating mechanism, flanged body); materials 

of construction; packing material; and year installed. 

(B) Service characteristics of the stream such as operating pressure, 

temperature, line diameter, and corrosivity. 

(C) Whether the valve is in gas or light liquid service. 

(D) The maximum instrument readings observed in each monitoring 

observation before repair, response factor for the stream if 

appropriatoadjusted, instrument model number, and date of the observation. 

39 

tarn 
Draft 9/26/90 

(E) If a leak is detected the repair methods used and the instrument 

readings after repair. 

(F) If the data will be analyzed as part of a larger analysis program 

involving data from other plants or other types of process units, a 

description of any maintenance or quality assurance programs used in the 

process unit that are intended to improve emission performance. 

(3) The owner or operator shall continue to collect data on the valves 

as long as the process unit remains in the QIP. 

(4) The owner or operator shall inspect all valves removed from the 

process unit due to leaks. The inspection shall determine which parts of the 

valve have failed and shall include recommendations, as appropriate, for 

design changes or changes in specifications to reduce leak f-requoncypotential. 

(5)(i) The owner or operator shall analyze the data collected to comply 

with the requirements of paragraph (e)(2) to determine the services, operating 

or maintenance practices, and valve designs or technologies that have poorer 

than average emission performance and those that have better than average 

emission performance. The analysis shall determine if specific trouble areas 

can be identified on the basis of service, operating conditions or maintenance 

practices, equipment design, or other process specific factors. 

(ii) The analysis shall also be used to determine if there aro identify 

Hpisuperior performing valve technologies that are applicable to the 

service(s), operating conditions, or valve designs associated with poorer than 

average emission performance. A superior performing valve technology is one 

with a leak frequency of less than 2 percent for specific applications in the 

process unit. A candidate superior performing valve technology is one 

40 
Draft 9/26/90 

demonstrated or reported in the available literature or through a group study 

as having low emission performance and as being capable of achieving less than 

2 percent leaking valves in the process unit. 

(iii) The analysis shall include consideration of: 

(A) The data obtained from the inspections of valves removed from the 

process unit due to leaks; 

(B) Information from the available literature and from the experience of 

other facilities' oxporienco that will identify valve designs or technologies 

and operating conditions associated with low emission performance for specific 

services; and 

(C) Information on limitations on the service conditions for the valve 

design and operating conditions as well as information on maintenance 

procedures to ensure continued low emission performance. 

(iv) The data analysis may be conducted through an inter- or 

intracompany program (or through some combination of the two approaches) and 

may be for a single process unit, a company, or a group of process units. 

(v) The first analysis of the data shall be completed no later than 18 

months after the start of Phase III. The first analysis shall be performed 

using a minimum of 2 quarters of data. An analysis of the data shall be done 

each year the process unit is in the QIP. 

(6) A trial evaluation program shall be conducted at each facility for 

which the data analysis does not identify use of superior performing valves or 

technologies that can be applied to the areas identified as having poorer than 

average performance, except as provided in paragraph (e)(6)(v) of this 

section. The trial program shall be used to evaluate the feasibility of using 

41 
Draft 9/26/90 

in the process unit the valve designs or technologies that have been 

identified by others as having low emission performance. 

(i) The trial program shall include on-line trials of valves or 

operating and maintenance practices that have been identified in the available 

literature or in analysis by others as having the ability to perform with leak 

rates below 2 percent in similar services, as having low probability of 

failure, or as having no external actuating mechanism in contact with the 

process fluid. If any of the candidate superior performing valve technologies 

is not included in the performance trials, the reasons for rejecting specific 

technologies from consideration shall be documented as required in 

§XX.X6(m)(6)(ii). 

(ii) The number of valves in the trial evaluation program shall be equal 

-fce-the lesser Of 1 percent of the valvos up to a maximum of or 20 valves for 

programs involving single process units and the lesser of 1 percent of tho 

valves up to a maximum of III50 valves for programs involving groups of 

process units. 

(iii) The trial evaluation program shall specify and include 

documentation of: 

(A) The candidate superior performing valve designs or technologies to 

be evaluated, the stages for evaluating the identified candidate valve designs 

or technologies, including the estimated.time period necessary to test the 

applicability; 

(B) The frequency of monitoring or inspection of the equipment; 

(C) The range of operating conditions over which the component will be 

evaluated. 

42 
P.47 

Draft 9/26/90 

(D) Conclusions regarding the emission performance and the appropriate 

operating conditions and services for the trial valves. 

(iv) The performance trials shall initially be conducted for, at least, 

•f-er-a 6 month period beginning not later than 18 months after the start of 

Phase III. Not later than 24 months after the start of Phase III, the owner 

or operator shall have identified valve designs or technologies that, combined 

with appropriate process, operating, and maintenance practices, have been 

demonstrated to operate with low emission performance for specific 

applications in the process unit. The owner or operator shall continue to 

conduct performance trials as long as the process unit has 2 percent or more 

leaking valves, except as provided in paragraph (e)(6)(vi) of this section. 

The initial list ofcompilatiOn of candidate and demonstrated superior emission 

performance valve designs or technologies shall be amended in the future, as 

appropriate, as additional information and experience is obtained. 

(v) Any corporation plant site with fewer than 500 valvos and flangos 

400 valves and owned by a corporation with fewer than 100 total employees 

shall be exempt from trial evaluations of valves. Corporations Plant sites 

exempt from the trial evaluations of valves shall begin the valve replacement 

program at the start of the fourth year of Phase III. 

(vi) An owner or operator who has conducted performance trials on all 

alternative candidate superior emission performance technologies suitable for 

the required applications in the process unit may stop conducting performance 

trials provided that it is demonstrated there are no technically feasible 

alternativcc&ndidatfe superior technologies remaining. The owner or operator 

shall prepare an engineering evaluation documenting the physical, chemical, or 

43 
P.48 

Draft 9/26/90 

engineering basis for the judgement that the superior emission performance 

technology is technically infeasible or demonstrating that it would not reduce 

emissions. 

(7) Each owner or operator who elects to use a QIP for technology review 

and improvement shall prepare and implement a valve quality assurance program 

that details purchasing specifications and maintenance procedures for all 

valves in the process unit. The quality assurance program may establish any 

number of categories, or classes, of valves as needed to distinguish among 

operating conditions and services associated with poorer than average emission 

performance as well as those associated with better than average emission 

performance. The quality assurance program shall be developed considering the 

findings of the data analysis required under paragraph (e)(5) of this section, 

if applicable, the findings of the trial evaluation required in paragraph 

(e)(6) of this section, and the operating conditions in the process unit. The 

quality assurance program shall be reviewed and, as appropriate, updated each 

year as long as the process unit has 2 percent or more leaking valves. 

(i) The quality assurance program shall: 

(A) Establish minimum design standards for each category of valves. The 

design standards shall specify known critical parameters such as tolerance, 

manufacturer, materials of construction, previous usage, or other applicable 

identified critical parameters; 

(B) Require that all equipment orders specify the design standard (or 

minimum tolerances) for the valve; 

(C) Include a written procedure for bench testing of valves that 

specifies performance criteria for acceptance of valves and specifies criteria 
P.49 

Draft 9/26/90 

for the precision and accuracy of the test apparatus. All valves repaired 

off-line after preparation of the quality assurance plan shall be bench tested 

for leaks. This testing may be conducted by the owner or operator of the 

process unit, by the vendor, or by a designated representative. The owner or 

operator shall install only those valves that have been certified iii|i|||ii 

through bench testing to be nonleaking-when bench tested. 

(D) Require that all valves repaired on-line be tested using the method 

specified in §XX_X5(b) for leaks for 2 successive months, after repair. 

(E) Provide for an audit procedure for quality control of purchased 

equipment to ensure conformance with purchase specifications. The audit 

program may be conducted by the owner or operator of the process unit or by a 

designated representative. 

(F) Detail off-line valve maintenance and repair procedures. These 

procedures shall include provisions to ensure that rebuilt or refurbished 

valves will meet the design specifications for the valve type and will operate 

such that emissions are minimized. 

(G) Detail the process unit maintenanco program to ensure continued low 

emission porformanco. 

(ii) The quality assurance program shall be established no later than 

the ond of the second start of the third year of Phase III for large 

corporationsflint sites with 400 or more valves or owned by a corporation with 

100 or more employees;; and no later than the end of the third Start of the 

fourth year of Phase III for small corporationsplant sites with less than 400 

valves and owned by a corporation with less than 100 employees. 

45 
, Draft 9/26/90 

(8) Beginning at the start of the third year of Phase III for largo 

corporations plant sites with 400 or more valves or owned by a corporation 

with 100 or more employees and at the start of the fourth year of Phase III 

for small corporations plant sites with less than 400 valves and owned by a 

corporation with less than 100 employees, each valve that is replaced for any 

reason shall be replaced with a new or modified valve that complies with the 

quality assurance standards for the valve category and that is identified as 

superior emission performance technology. Superior emission performance 

technology is valves identified with the best emission performance that, 

combined with appropriate process, operating, and maintenance practices, will 

result in less than 2 percent leaking valves in a large population, except as 

provided in subparagraph of (8){ii) of this paragraph. 

(i) The valves shall be maintained as specified in the quality assurance 

program. 

(ii) If a superior emission performance technology cannot be identified, 

then valve replacement shall be with the lowest emission performance 

technology that has been identified for the specific application. 

§XX.X3-2 Quality Improvement Program for Pumps. 

(a) In Phase III, if, on a 6-month rolling average, the greater of 

either 10 percent of the pumps in a process unit (or facility) or 3 pumps in a 

process unit (or facility) leak, the owner or operator shall comply with the 

requirements of this section as specified below: 

(1) Pumps that are in food/medical service or in polymerizing monomer 

service shall comply with all requirements except for those specified in 

paragraph (d)(8) of this section. 

46 
P.51 

Draft 9/26/90 

(2) Pumps in service that 4-s-*are not in food/medical or pl||llll||| 

monomer service'shal1 comply with all requirements of this section. 

(b) The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of this 

section until the number of leaking pumps is less than the greater of either 

10 percent of the pumps or 3 pumps, as calculated as a 6-month-rolling 

average, in the process unit (or facility). Once the performance level is 

achieved, the owner or operator shall comply with the' requirements in §XX.X2-

2. 

(c) If in a subsequent monitoring period the process unit (or facility) 

has greater than 10 percent of the pumps leaking or 3 pumps leaking 

(calculated as a 6-month-roTling average), the owner or operator shall resume 

the quality improvement program starting at performance trials. 

(d) The quality improvement program shall include the following: 

(1) The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in §XX.X2-

2. 

(2) The owner or operator shall collect the following data, and maintain 

records as required in §XX.X6(|), for each pump in each process unit (or 

facility) subject to the QIP. The data may be collected and the records may 

be maintained on a process unit or facility basis. 

(i) Pump type (e.g., piston, horizontal or vertical centrifugal, gear, 

bellows); pump manufacturer; seal type and manufacturer; pump design (e.g., 

external shaft, flanged body); materials of construction; if applicable, 

barrier fluid or packing material; and year installed. 

(ii) Service characteristics of the stream such as discharge pressure, 

temperature, flow rate, corrosivity, and annual operating hours. 

47 
Draft 9/26/90 

(iii) The maximum instrument readings observed in each monitoring 

observation before repair, response factor for the stream if appropriate, 

instrument model number, and date of the observation. 

(iv) If a leak is detected the repair methods used and the instrument 

readings after repair. 

(v) If the data will be analyzed as part of a larger analysis program 

involving data from other plants or other types of process units, a 

description of any maintenance or quality assurance programs used in the 

process unit that are intended to improve emission performance. 

(3) The owner or operator shall continue to collect data on the pumps as 

long as the process unit (or facility) remains in the quality improvement 

program. 

(4) The owner or operator shall inspect all pumps or pump sealsT 

w44hwhich exhibited frequent seal failures- and were removed from the process 

unit due to leaks. The inspection shall determine the probable cause of the 

pump seal failure or of the pump leak and shall include recommendations, as 

appropriate, for design changes or changes in specifications to reduce leak 

frequencypotential. 

(5)(i) The owner or operator shall analyze the data collected to comply 

with the requirements of paragraph (d)(2) of this section to determine the 

services, operating or maintenance practices, and pump or pump seal designs or 

technologies that have poorer than average emission performance and those that 

have better than average emission performance. The analysis shall determine 

if specific trouble areas can be identified on the basis of service, operating 

48 
P.53 

Draft 9/26/90 

conditions or maintenance practices, equipment design, or other process 

specific factors. 

(ii) The analysis shall also be used to determine if there are superior 

performing pump or pump seal technologies that are applicable to the 

service(s), operating conditions, or pump or pump seal designs associated with 

poorer than average emission performance. A superior performing pump or pump 

Ullfftechnology is one with a leak frequency of less than 10 percent for 

specific applications in the process unit or facility. A candidate superior 

performing pump |||||i||||i||technology is one demonstrated or reported in the 

available literature or through a group study as having low emission 

performance and as being capable of achieving less than 10 percent leaking 

pumps in the process unit (or facility). 

(iii) The analysis shall include consideration of: 

(A) The data obtained from the inspections of pumps and pump seals 

removed from the process unit due to leaks; 

(B) Information from the |$I||1$|| literature and from other facilities' 

experience that will identify pump designs or technologies and operating 

conditions associated with low emission performance for specific services; and 

(C) Information on limitations on the service conditions for the.pump 

seal technology operating conditions as well as information on maintenance 

procedures to ensure continued low emission performance. 

(iv) The data analysis may be conducted through an inter- or 

intracompany program (or through some combination of the two approaches) and 

may be for a single process unit, a facility, a company, or a group of process 

units. 

49 
P.54 

Draft 9/26/90 

(v) The first analysis of the data shall be completed no later than 18 

months after the start of the quality improvement program. The first analysis 

shall be performed using a minimum of 2 quarters 6 months of data. An 

analysis of the data shall be done each year the process unit is in the 

quality improvement program. 

(6) A trial evaluation program shall be conducted at each facility for 

which the data analysis does not identify use ofsuperior performing pump seal 

technology or pumps that can be applied to the areas identified as having 

poorer than average performance, except as provided in paragraph (d)(6)(v) of 

this section. The trial program shall be used to evaluate the feasibility of 

using in the process unit (or facility) the pump designs or seal technologies, 

and operating and maintenance practices that have been identified by others as 

having low emission performance. 

(i) The trial program shall include on-line trials of pump seal 

technologies or pump designs and operating and maintenance practices that have 

been identified in the available literature or in analysis by others as having 

the ability to perform with leak rates below 10 percent in similar services, 

as having low probability of failure, or as having no external actuating 

mechanism in contact with the process fluid. If any of the candidate superior 

performing pump seal technologies or pumps is not included in the performance 

trials, the reasons for rejecting specific technologies from consideration 

shall be documented as required in §XX.X6(ffl)(6)(ii). 

(ii) The number of pump seal technologies or pumps in the trial 

evaluation program shall be equal to the lesser of 1 percent of the pumps up 

to a maximum of or 2 pumps for programs involving single process units and ||| 

50 
Draft 9/26/90 

|I||111|^1 percent of the pumps up to a maximum of $I|5 valves pumps for 

programs involving a facility or groups of process units. The minimum number 

of pumps or pump seal technologies in a trial program shall be 1. 

(iii) The trial evaluation program shall specify and include 

documentation of: 

(A) The candidate superior performing pump seal designs or technologies 

to be evaluated, the stages for evaluating the identified candidate pump 

designs or pump seal technologies, including the time period necessary to test 

the applicability; 

(B) The frequency of monitoring or inspection of the equipment; 

(C) The range of operating conditions over which the component will be 

evaluated. 

(D) Conclusions regarding the emission performance and the appropriate 

operating conditions and services for the trial pump seal technologies or 

pumps. 

(iv) The performance trials shall initially be conducted, at least, for 

a 6 month period beginning not later than 18 months after the start of the 

quality improvement program. No later than 24 months after the start of the 

quality improvement program, the owner or operator shall have identified pump 

seal technologies or pump designs that, combined with appropriate process, 

operating, and maintenance practices, have been demonstrated to operate with 

low emission performance for specific applications in the process unit. The 

owner or operator shall continue to conduct performance trials as long as the 

process unit (or facility) has greater than 10 percent leaking pumps or 3 

leaking pumps, whichever is greater, calculated as a 6-month-rolling-average, 

51 
Draft 9/26/90 

except as provided in paragraph (d)(6)(vi) of this section. The initial list 

of demonstrated superior emission performance pump designs or pump seal 

technologies shall be amended in the future, as appropriate, as additional 

information and experience is obtained. 

(v) Any corporation plant site with fewer than 500 valves and flangcs||| 

||i|i| and is owned by a corporation with fewer than 100 employees shall be 

exempt from trial evaluations of pump seals or pump designs. Corporations 

Plant sites exempt from the trial evaluations of pumps shall begin the pump 

seal or pump replacement program at the start of the fourth year of the 

quality improvement program. 

(Vi) An owner or operator who has conducted performance trials on all 

alternative superior emission performance technologies suitable for the 

required applications in the process unit may stop conducting performance 

trials provided that it is demonstrated there are no technically feasible 

alternative superior technologies remaining. The owner or operator shall 

prepare an engineering evaluation documenting the physical, chemical, or 

engineering basis for the judgement that the superior emission performance 

technology is technically infeasible or demonstrating that it would not reduce 

emissions. 

(7) Each owner or operator shall prepare and implement a pump quality 

assurance program that details purchasing specifications and maintenance 

procedures for all pumps and pump seals in the process unit. The quality 

assurance program may establish any number of categories, or classes, of pumps 

as needed to distinguish among operating conditions and services associated 

with poorer than average emission performance as well as those associated with 

52 
Draft 9/26/90 

better than average emission performance. The quality assurance program shall 

be developed considering the findings of the data analysis required under 

paragraph (d)(5) of this section, if applicable, the findings of the trial 

evaluation required in paragraph (d)(6) of this section, and the operating 

conditions in the process unit. The quality assurance program shall be updated 

each year as long as the process unit has 10 percent or more leaking pumps or 

has 3 leaking pumps. 

(i) The quality assurance program shall: 

(A) Establish minimum design standards for each category of pumps or 

pump seal technology. The design standards shall specify known critical 

parameters such as tolerance, manufacturer, materials of construction, 

previous usage, or other applicable identified critical parameters; 

(B) Require that all equipment orders specify the design standard (or 

minimum tolerances) for the pump or the pump seal; 

(C) Provide for an audit procedure for quality control of purchased 

equipment to ensure conformance with purchase specifications. The audit 

program may be conducted by the owner or operator of the facility or process 

unit or by a designated representative. 

(D) Detail off-line pump maintenance and repair procedures. These 

procedures shall include provisions to ensure that rebuilt or refurbished 

pumps and pump seals will meet the design specifications for the pump category 

and will operate such that emissions are minimized. 

(E) Detail tho process unit maintenance program to ensure continued low 

omission performance. 

53 
P.58 

Draft 9/26/90 

(ii) The quality assurance program shall be established no later than 

the end of the second start of the third year of the quality improvement 

program for -largo corporationsplant sites with 400 or more valves or 100 or 

more employees; and no later than the end of the third start of the fourth 

year of the quality improvment program for small corporations- plant sites with 

less than 400 valves and less than 100 employees. 

(8) Beginning at the start of the third year of the quality improvement 

program for large corporationsplant sites with 40O or more valves or 100 or 

more employees and at the start of the fourth year of the quality improvement 

program for small corporationsplant sites with less than 400 valves and less 

than 100 employees, the owner or operator shall replace 20 percent or greater 

of the pumps or pump seals that are not superior emission performance 

technology annually with pumps or pump seals that have been identified as 

superior emission performance technology and that comply with the quality 

assurance standards for the pump category. Superior emission performance 

technology is pumps or pump seals with emission performance which when 

combined with appropriate process, operating, and maintenance practices will 

result in less than 10 percent leaking pumps in a large populationfor specific 

applications in the process unit or facility. Superior emission performance 

technology includes material or design changes to the existing pump, pump 

seal, seal support system, installation of multiple mechanical seals, or 

equivalent, or pump replacement. 

(i) The number of pumps or pump seals to be replaced annually shall be 

calculated based on the total number of pumps in VHAP service that are in 

light liquid service. The calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest 

54 
Draft 9/26/90 

nonzero integer value. The minimum number of pumps or pump seals shall be 

one. 

(ii) The owner or operator may delay replacement of pump seals or pumps 

with superior technology until the next planned shutdown of the process unit 

provided the number of pump seals and pumps replaced is equivalent to the 20 

percent or greater annual replacement rate. 

(iii) The pumps shall be maintained as specified in the quality 

assurance program. 

§XX.X4-1 Alternative means of emission limitation: General. 

(a) Permission to use an alternative means of emission limitation under 

section 112(e)(3) of the Clean Air Act shall be governed by the following 

procedures: 

(b) Where the standard is an equipment, design, or operational 

requirement: 

(1) Each owner or operator applying for permission shall be responsible 

for collecting and verifying test data for an alternative means of emission 

limitation. 

(2) The Administrator will compare test data for the means of emission 

limitation to test data for the equipment, design, and operational 

requirements. 

(3) The Administrator may condition the permission on requirements that 

may be necessary to assure operation and maintenance to achieve the same 

emission reduction as the equipment, design, and operational requirements. 

(c) Where the standard is a work practice: 

55 
P.60 

Draft 9/26/90 

(1) Each owner or operator applying for permission shall be responsible 

for collecting and verifying test data for an alternative means of emission 

limitation. 

(2) For each source for which permission is requested, the emission 

reduction achieved by the required work practices shall be demonstrated for a 

minimum period of 12 months. 

(3) For each source for which permission is requested, the emission 

reduction achieved by the alternative means of emission limitation shall be 

demonstrated. 

(4) Each owner or operator applying for permission shall commit, in 

writing, for each source to work practices that provide for emission 

reductions equal to or greater than the emission reductions achieved by the 

required work practices. 

(5) The Administrator will compare the demonstrated emission reduction 

for the alternative means of emission limitation to the demonstrated emission 

reduction for the required work practices and will consider the commitment in 

paragraph (c)(4). 

(6) The Administrator may condition the permission on requirements that 

may be necessary to assure operation and maintenance to achieve the same If 

liilllllemission reduction as the required work practices of this subpart. 

(d) An owner or operator may offer a unique approach to demonstrate the 

alternative means of emission limitation. 

(e)(1) Manufacturers of equipment used to control equipment leaks of a 

VHAP may apply to the Administrator for permission for an alternative means of 

emission limitation that achieves a reduction in emissions of the VHAP 

56 

B B 
P.61 

Draft 9/26/90 

achieved by the equipment, design, and operational requirements of this 

subpart. 

(2) The Administrator will grant permission according to the provisions 

of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d). 

§XX.X4-2 Alternative means of emission limitation: Batch processes. 

(a) As an alternative to complying with the requirements of §§XX.X2|i 

through XX.X2-10, XX.X2-12, XX.X2-13, XX.X3-1, and §XX,X3§§, an owner or 

operator of a batch process that operates in VHAP service during the calendar 

year may comply with one of the standards specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) 

of this section, or the owner or operator may petition for approval of an 

alternative standard under the provisions of §XX.X4-1. The alternative 

standards of this section provide the option! of pressure testing or 

monitoring the equipment for leaks.—The owner or operator shall comply with 

tho roquiromonts of one of the following; ono of the alternative standards 

specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, with tho requirements in 

§XX.X2 and §XX.X3, or with an approved alternative means of emission 

1 imitation. 

(b) The following requirements shall be met if an owner or operator 

elects to use pressure testing of batch product-process equipment to 

demonstrate compliance with this subpart. An owner or operator who complies 

with the provisions of this paragraph is exempt from the monitoring provisions 

of §XX.X2-2, $XX«X2-7, §XX.X2-B, through XX.X2-10, §XX.X2-12, §XX.X2-13, 

§XX.X3-1, and §XX.X3|| of this subpart. 

(1) Each time equipment is reconfigured for production of a product||| 

;lif||i|i|ll|, the batch product-process equipment train shall be pressure 

57 
P.62 

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tested for leaks before VHAP is first fed to the equipment and the equipment 

is placed in VHAP service. When the seal is broken between two items of 

equipment or when equipment is changed in a section of the batch productprocess equipment train, pressure testing is required only for the new or 

disturbed equipment. Each batch product process that operates in VHAP service 

during a calendar year shall be pressure tested at least once during that 

calendar year. 

(2) The batch product process equipment shall be tested with a gas using 

the procedures specified in §XX.X5(f) or with a liquid using the procedures 

specified in §XX.X5(g). 

(3)(i) For pressure tests using a gas, a leak is detected if the rate of 

change in pressure is greater than 1 psig in 1 hour or if there is visible, 

audible, or olfactory evidence of fluid loss. 

(ii) For pressure tests using a liquid, a leak is detected if there are 

indications of liquids dripping or if there is other evidence of fluid loss. 

(4)(i) If a leak is detected, it shall be repaired and the batch 

product-process equipment shall be retested before VHAP is fed to the 

equipment. 

(ii) If a batch product-process that fails the retest or the second of 

two consecutive pressure tests, it shall be repaired as soon as practicable, 

but not later than 30 calendar days after the equipment is placed in VHAP 

service, provided the conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section 

are met. 

58 
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(c) The following requirements shall be met if an owner or operator 

elects to monitor the equipment to detect leaks by the method specified in 

§XX.X5(b) to demonstrate compliance with this subpart. 

(1) The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of §§XX.X2-

2 to XX.X2-9, §§XX.X2-11 to XX.X2-13, XX.X3-1 and §XX.X3i|. 

(2) The equipment shall be monitored for leaks by the method specified 

in §XX.X5(b) when the equipment is in VHAP service, in use with an acceptable 

surrogate volatile organic compound which is not a VHAP or is in use with any 

other detectable gas or vapor. 

(3) The equipment shall be monitored for leaks as specified below: 

(i) Each time the equipment is reconfigured for the production of a 

product, the reconfigured equipment shall be monitored for leaks within 30 

days of being returned to VHAP service. This initial monitoring of 

reconfigured equipment shall not be included in determining percent leaking 

equipment. 

(ii) Flangos Connectors shall be monitored in accordance with the 

requirements in §XX.X2-13. 

(iii) Equipment other than connectors shall be monitored at the 

frequencies specified in the table below by the proportion of the year the 

batch product-process equipment train is operating with processes that use 

VHAP and the monitoring frequency for continuous processes. 

Equivalent Continuous 

Batch process Process Honi tori nd Frequency 

time in use Monthly Quarterly Semiannually 

0 to <25% Quarterly Annually Annually 

59 
25 to <50% 

50 to <75% 

75 to 100% 

Draft 9/26/90 

Quarterly Semiannually Annually 

Bimonthly Three times Semiannually 

Monthly Quarterly Semiannually 

(iv) Valves may be monitored once per year and pumps and agitator! seals 

may be monitored once per quarter if the time each individual item of 

equipment is in VHAP service is less than 2190 hours in a calendar year. 

(v) The monitoring frequencies specified in paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of 

this section are not requirements for monitoring at specific intervals and can 

be adjusted to accomodate process operations. An owner or operator may 

monitor anytime during the specified monitoring period (e.g., month, quarter, 

year), provided the monitoring is conducted at a reasonable interval after 

completion of the last monitoring campaign. For example, if the equipment is 

not operating during the scheduled monitoring period, the monitoring can be 

done during the next period when the process is operating. 

(4) If a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as practicable 

but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except as provided 

in paragraph (d) of this section. 

(d) Delay of repair of equipment for which leaks have been detected is 

allowed if the replacement equipment is not available providing the following 

conditions are met: 

(1) Equipment supplies have been depleted and supplies have ||||been 

sufficiently stocked before the supplies were depleted. 

(2) The repair is made no later than 10 calendar days after delivery of 

the replacement equipment. 

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§XX.X4-3 Alternative means of emission limitation: Enclosed-vented process 

units. 

Process units enclosed in such a manner that all emissions from 

equipment leaks are vented through a closed vent system to a control device 

meeting the requirements of §XX.X2-11 are exempt from the monitoring 

requirements of §§XX.X2-2, XX.X2-7, XX.X2-8, XX.X2-12, and XX.X2-13. The 

enclosure shall be maintained under a negative pressure at all times while the 

process unit is in operation to ensure that all. emissions are routed to a 

control device. 

§XX.X5 Test methods and procedures. 

(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart 

shall comply with the test methods and procedures requirements provided in 

this section. 

(b) Monitoring, as required in §XX.X2, §XX.X3, and §XX.X4, shall comply 

with the following requirements: 

(1) Monitoring shall comply with Reference Method 21. 

(2) The detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of 

Reference Method 21. 

(3) The instrument shall be calibrated before use on each day of its use 

by the procedures specified in Reference Method 21. 

(4) Calibration gases shall be: 

(i) Zero air (less than 0.2 ppm of hydrocarbon in air); and 

(ii)(A) For Phase I, a mixture of methane and air at a concentration of 

approximately, but less than 10,000 ppm. 

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Draft 9/26/90 

(B) forfPliase II, a mixture of methane and air at a concentration of 

approximately, but less than 10,000 ppm for agitators, 5,000 ppm for pumps, 

and 500 ppm for all other equipment, except as provided in subparagraph 

|b)(4)(iii) of this paragraph. 

(C) For Phase III, a mixture of methane and air at a concentration of 

approximately, but less than, 10,000 ppm methane for agitator| seals, 2,000 

ppm for pumps in food/medical service, 5,000 ppm for pumps in polymerizing 

monomer service, 1,000 ppm for all other pumps, and 500 ppm for all other 

equipment, except as provided in subparagraph (b)(4)(iii) of this paragraph. 

(iii) The instrument may be calibrated at a higher methane concentration 

up to 2,000 ppm than the leak definition concentration for a specific piece of 

equipment for monitoring that piece of equipment. The instrument may not be 

calibrated at a lower methane concentratian than the leak definition 

concentration for a specific piece of equipment. 

(5) The instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak 

interfaces as close to the interface as possible as described in Reference 

Method 21. 

(6) The instrument response factors shall be considered in the following 

manner: 

(i) The response factors used shall be the instrument response factor 

determined for the individual VHAP at 500 ppm. The response factors may be 

obtained from the available literature, the instrument manufacturer, or 

determined for the specific instrument and VHAP. 

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(ii) If the response factors at 500 ppm for 90 percent by weight or more 

of the individual VHAP are less than 3, the instrument readings may be used 

without adjustment for response factors. 

(iii) If the response factors at 500 ppm for 90 percent by weight or 

more of the individual VHAP are not loss than 3 or greater, then a weighted 

average response factor for the VHAP in the process stream shall be calculated 

using the procedures specified in paragraph (b)(6)(iv) of this section. If the 

process stream weighted average response factor is less than 3, the instrument 

readings may be used without adjustment for response factors. If the process 

stream weighted average response factor is greater than 3, the instrument 

readings shall be adjusted for response factors as indicated below: 

(A) Correct the instrument readings by multiplying by the response 

factor. 

(B) Select another instrument, determine or obtain instrument response 

factors for the VHAP in question, and evaluate the need for adjustment as 

specified in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii) and (b)(6)(iii) of this section. 

(C) Calibrate the instrument with a different reference compound or 

mixture (i.e., one of the VHAP, a VOC other than methane, or the process 

stream mixture) so that the instrument has a response factor for 90 percent of 

the VHAP or for the process stream less than 3. 

(iv) The process stream average response factor shall be calculated as 

follows: 

RF = i=l 

rvr avg 

i(%C,)(RFC l) 

4 (%c,) 

i =1 

63 
Draft 9/26/90 

Where: 

ftVHAPli = Weight percent Molar fraction, or volume percent if in 

gaseous form, of VHAPt organic compound i in the process stream with N VHAP. 

RF^^ j = Response factor of the instrument for *\tt4APt |||§||I 

compound i at 500 ppm. 

(c) When equipment is tested for compliance as required in §XX.X2-3(i), 

§XX.X2-4, and §XX.X2-ll(f), the test shall comply with the following 

requirements: 

(1) The requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) shall apply. 

(2) The background level shall be determined, as set forth in Reference 

Method 21. 

(3) The instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak 

interfaces as close to the interface as possible as described in Reference 

Method 21. 

(4) The arithmetic difference between the maximum concentration 

indicated by the instrument and the background level is compared with 500 ppm 

for agitator seals, 50 ppm for pumps, and 25 ppm for all other equipment for 

determining compliance. 

(d)(1) Each piece of equipment within a process unit that can reasonably 

be expected to contain equipment in VHAP service is presumed to be in VHAP 

service unless an owner or operator demonstrates that the piece of equipment 

is not in VHAP service. For a piece of equipment to be considered not in VHAP 

service, it must be determined that the percent VHAP content can be reasonably 

expected not to exceed 5 percent by weight during the calendar year. For 

64 

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purposes of determining the percent VHAP content of the process fluid that is 

contained in or contacts equipment, Method 18 shall be used. 

(2)(i) An owner or operator may use good engineering judgment rather 

than the procedures in paragraph (1) to determine that the percent VHAP 

content does not exceed 5 percent by weight. When an owner or operator and 

the Administrator do not agree on whether a piece of equipment is not in VHAP 

service, however, the procedures in paragraph (d)(1) of this section shall be 

used to resolve the disagreement. 

(ii) Conversely, the owner or operator may determine that the VHAP 

content of the process fluid does not exceed 5 percent by weight by, for 

example, accounting for 98 percent of the content and showing that VHAP is 

less than 3 percent. 

(3) If an owner or operator determines that a piece of equipment is in 

VHAP service, the determination can be revised after following the procedures 

in paragraph (d)(1) of this section, or by documenting that a change in the 

process or raw materials no longer causes the equipment to be in VHAP service. 

(4) Samples used in determining the percent VHAP content shall be 

representative of the process fluid that is contained in or contacts the 

equipment. 

(e) Reference methods used in determining Compliance with flares are 

those required in §60.18. 

(f) The following procedures shall be used to pressure test batch 

product-process equipment using a gas (e.g., air or nitrogen) to demonstrate 

compliance with the requirements of §XX.X4-2| 

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(1) The batch product-process equipment train shall be pressurized with 

a gas to the operating pressure of the equipment. The equipment shall not be 

tested at -te-a pressure greater than the pressure setting of the lowest relief 

valve setting. 

(2) Once the test pressure is obtained, the gas source shall be shut 

off. 

(3) The test shall continue for not less than 15 minutes unless it can 

be determined in a shorter period of time that the test is a fail ureallowable 

rate of pressure drop was exceeded. The pressure in the batch product-process 

equipment shall be measured after the gas source is shut off and at the end of 

the test period. The rate of change in pressure in the batch product-process 

equipment shall be calculated using the following equation: 

P = (Pf - P,)/(tf -t,) 

where P = change in pressure, psig/hr 

Pf = final pressure, psig 

P* = initial pressure, psig 

tf - t* = elapsed time, hours 

(4) The pressure shall be measured using a pressure measurement device 

(gauge, manometer, or equivalent) which has a precision of ±2.5 mm Hg in the 

range of test pressure and is capable of measuring pressures up to the relief 

set pressure of the pressure relief device. 

(g) The following procedures shall be used to pressure test batch 

product-process equipment using a liquid to demonstrate compliance with the 

requirements of §XX.X4-2||11|11||1. 

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(1) The batch product-process equipment train, or section of the train, 

shall be filled with the test liquid (e.g., water, alcohol). Once the 

equipment is filled, the liquid source shall be shut off. 

(2) The test shall be conducted for a period of at least 60 minutes, 

unless it can be determined in a shorter period of time that the test is a 

failure. 

(3) Each seal in the equipment being tested shall be inspected for 

indications of liquid dripping or other indications of fluid loss. If there 

are any indications of liquids dripping or of fluid loss, a leak is detected. 

(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414).) 

§XX.X6 Recordkeeping requirements. 

(a) An owner or operator of more than one process unit subject to the 

provisions of this subpart may comply with the recordkeeping requirements for 

these process units in one recordkeeping system if the system identifies each 

record by process unit and the program being implemented (e.g., quarterly 

monitoring, quality improvement) for each type of equipment. All records and 

information required by this section shall be maintained in a log or file that 

is kept in a readily accessible locationin a manner that can be readily 

accessed at the plant site. This could include physically locating the 

records it the plant site or accessing the records from a central locati§|§$| 

computer at tlie plant site. 

(b) Except as provided in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section, the 

following information pertaining to all equipment in each process unit subject 

to the requirements in §XX.X2-1 to §XX.X2-13 shall be recorded: 

67 
Draft 9/26/90 

(l)(i) A list of identification numbers for equipment (except connectors 

exempt from monitoring and recordkeeping identified in §XX.X2-13 and 

instrumentation systems) subject to the requirements of this subpart and a 

site layout showing the relative location of the equipment in the process 

unit. 

(ii) A table listing by equipment identification number the line size, 

pressure, and stream service (i.e., light liquid, heavy liquid, or gas) of 

each item of equipment.—The table shall also list the monitoring frequency 

and other provisions of this subpart that are being implemented for each item 

of equipment. 

(iii) Physical tagging of the equipment to indicate that it is in VHAP 

service is not required. Equipment subject to the provisions of this subpart 

may be identified on a plant site plan, in log entries, or by other 

appropriate methods. 

(2)(i) A list of identification numbers for compressors that the owner 

or operator elects to designate as operating with an instrument reading of 

less than 500 ppm above background, under the provisions of XX.X2-3(i). 

(ii) The designation of this equipment as subject to the requirements of 

§XX.X2-3(i) shall be signed by the owner or operator. 

(3) A list of equipment identification numbers for pressure relief 

devices required to comply with §XX.X2-4(a). 

(4)(i) The dates and results of each compliance test required in §XX.X2-

3(1) and XX.X2-4. 

(ii) The background level measured during each compliance test. 

68 
Draft 9/26/90 

(iii) The maximum instrument reading measured at *the-|||l|pi||||| 

equipment during each compliance test. 

(5) A list of identification numbers for equipment in vacuum service. 

(6) Instrumentation system identification. Individual components in the 

instrumentation system need not be identified. 

(7) A list of identification numbers for equipment in VHAP service less 

than 300 hours per year within a process unit that uses as a reactant or makes 

as an intermediate or final product any of tho chemicals listed in Appendix 

—subjec t to the provisions of this subpart under §XX,X0. 

(8) A list of connectors disturbed as described in §XX.X2-I3(c). 

(9) A list of reconfigured eguipment in batch product process units as 

described in §XX.X4-2(c)(3)(i). 

(10) A list of valves removed from the process unit, as considered in 

§XX.X2-7(e)(l), and a list of connectors removed from the process unit, as 

considered in §XX.X2-13(i)(l). 

(c) When each leak is detected as specified in §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, 

§XX.X2-7, §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2-11, §XX.X2-12, and §XX.X2-13, the following 

requirements apply: 

(1) A weatherproof and readily visible identification, marked with the 

equipment identification number, shall be attached to the leaking equipment. 

(2) The identification on a valve or flange connector may be removed 

after it has been monitored for 2 successive months as specified in 

§XX.X2-7(ef)(3) §XX.X2-13(e), and §XX.X3-i(e){7)(i){D), and no leak has been 

detected during those 2 monthsthe followup monitoring. 

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(3) The identification on equipment, except on a valve or 

•H-an§econnettor, may be removed after it has been repaired. 

(d) When each leak is detected as specified in §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, 

§XX.X2-7, §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2-11, §XX.X2-12, and §XX.X2-13, the following 

information shall be recorded and kept for 2 years, or longer if specified in 

tho facility permit: 

(1) The instrument and operator identification numbers and the equipment 

identification number. 

(2) The date the leak was detected and the dates of each attempt to 

repair the leak. 

(3) Repair methods applied in each attempt to repair the leak. 

(4) Maximum instrument reading measured by the method specified in 

§XX.X5(b) after it is sucessfully repaired or determined to be nonrepairable. 

(5) "Repair delayed" and the reason for the delay if a leak is not 

repaired within 15 calendar days after discovery of the leak. If delay of 

repair was cause by depletion of stocked parts, there must be documentation 

that the spare parts were sufficiently stocked before depletion and the reason 

for,depletion. 

(6) The signature of the owner or operator (or designate) whose decision 

it was that repair could not be effected without a process shutdown. 

(7) The expected date of successful repair of the leak if a leak is not 

repaired within 15 calendar days. 

(8) Dates of process unit shutdowns that occur while the equipment is 

unrepaired. 

(9) The date of successful repair of the leak. 

70 

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Draft 9/26/90 

(e) The following information shall be recorded for each process unit 

subject to the requirements of §XX.X2-2 to §XX.X2-13: 

(1) A schedule of monitoring for valves and for f1angesconnectors. 

(2) The number of leaking pumps, the total number of pumps, and the 

percent leaking pumps during each monitoring period. 

(3) The number of leaking valves, the total number of valves, all iff 

credits for removed valves, the number of nonrepairable valves, and the 

percent leaking valves during each monitoring period. 

(4) The number of leaking flanges||||||l||i, the total number of 

monitored flangosconnectors, all credits for removed flangosconnectors, the 

number of nonrepairable f1anges|l||l|||||, and the percent leaking flanges 

Connectors during each monitoring period. 

(5) The dates and durations of startups and shutdowns of a process unit. 

(f) The owner or operator of a batch product proces who elects to 

pressure test the batch product process equipment train to demonstrate 

compliance with this subpart is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs 

(b), (c), (d), (e), (i), and (k-$) of this section. Instead, the owner or 

operator shall maintain records of the following information: 

(1) A list of identification numbers for each batch product process 

equipment train used to produce products during the calendar year and the area 

of the facility where the equpment train is located. 

(2) Records demonstrating the.equipment is in use in a batch process 

during the calendar year. Examples of suitable documentation are records of 

time in use for individual pieces of equipment or average time in use for the 

process unit. 

71 

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(3) Physical tagging of the equipment to identifiy that it is in VHAP 

service and subject to the provisions of this subpart is not required. 

Equipment in a batch product process subject to the provisions of this subpart 

may be identified on a plant site plan, in log entries, or by other 

appropriate methods. 

(4) The dates of each pressure test required in §XX.X4-2(b), the test 

pressure, and the pressure drop observed during the test. 

(5) Records of any visible, audible, or olfactory evidence of fluid 

loss. 

(g) When a batch product process equipment train does not pass 2 

consecutive pressure tests, the following information shall be recorded in a 

log and kept for 2 years, or longer if spocifiod in tho facility's permit: 

(1) The date of each pressure test and the date of each leak repair 

attempt. 

(2) Repair methods applied in each attempt to repair the leak. 

(3) The reason for the delay of repair. 

(4) The expected date for delivery of the replacement equipment and the 

actual date of delivery of the replacement equipment. 

(5) The date of successful repair. 

(h) The following information pertaining to the design requirements for 

closed-vent systems and control devices described in §XX.X2-11 shall be 

recorded: 

(1) Detailed schematics, design specifications, and piping and 

instrumentation diagrams. 

72 
Draft 9/26/90 

(2) The dates and descriptions of any changes in the design 

specifications. 

(3) A description of the parameter or parameters monitored, as required 

in §XX.X2-ll(e), to ensure that control devices are operated and maintained in 

conformance with their design and an explanation of why that parameter (or 

parameters) was selected for the monitoring. 

(4) Periods Dates and durations when the closed-vent systems and control 

devices required in §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, §XX.X2-4, §XX.X2-5, and §XX.X2-9 are 

not operated as designed as indicated by the monitored parameters, including 

periods when a flare pilot light does not have a flame. 

(5) Dates and durations during which the monitoring system or monitoring 

device is inoperative. 

(56) Dates and durations of startups-a-nd shutdowns of the closed-vent 

systems and control devices required in §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, §XX.X2-4, 

§XX.X2-5, and §XX.X2-9. 

(i) The following information pertaining to all valves subject to the 

requirements of §XX.X2-7(h) and (i) and all flangos connectors subject to the 

requirements of §XX.X2-13(f), (g), and (h) shall be recorded: 

(1) A list of identification, numbers for valves and flangos connectors 

that are designated as unsafe-to-monitor, an explanation for each valve and 

flange ||i|||||plstating why the valve or flange connector is unsafe-tomonitor, and the plan for monitoring each valve and f4angeconrtector. 

(2) A list of identification numbers for valves that are designated as 

difficult-to-monitor, an explanation for each valve stating why the valve is 

difficult-to-monitor, and the planned schedule for monitoring each^alve. 

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(3) A list of identification numbers for flangos connectors that are 

designated as unsafe-to-repair and an explanation for each flange iMl||| | 

stating why the flange connector is unsafe-to-repair. 

(4) A list of identification numbers for flangos that aro designated as 

inaccessible and an explanation for each flange stating why the flange is 

inaccessible. 

(j) The following information shall be recorded: 

(1) Design criterion required in §XX.X2-2(e)(5) and §XX.X2-3(e)(2) and 

an explanation of the design criterion; and 

(2) Any changes to this criterion and the reasons for the changes, 

(k) Information, data, and analysis used to determine that a piece of 

equipment is in heavy liquid service or is not in VHAP service shall be 

recorded. 

(1) The date and duration of each process unit startup and shutdown, and 

each control device malfunction shall be recorded, in a log that is kopt in a 

roadily accosible location. 

(m) Each owner or operator of a-an affected process unit subject to the 

requirements of §XX.X3-1 and §XX_X3-2 shall maintain the following records for 

the period of the QIP, or longer if specified in the permit for the affected 

process unit: 

(1) A description of tho program and a statement of tho performance 

goals. 

(2) Records of all data collected on the pumps or valves subject to the 

requirements of §XX.X3.—These records will include at a minimum the following 

information; 

•tr" 

74 

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Draft 9/26/90 

(i) Tho dato, the instrument and operator identification numbers, and 

the equipment identification number. 

(ii) Maximum instrument reading moasurod by the method specified in 

§XX.X5(b). 

(iii) If a leak is detected, tho repair methods applied in each attempt 

to repair tho loak and tho maximum instrument reading moasurod after each 

successful repair or is dotorminod to bo nonrepairable. 

(1) For owners or operators who elect to use a reasonable further 

|rogress QIP, as specified in §XX.X3-l(d): 

(i) All data reguired in §XX.X3-1(d)(2). 

(ii) The percent leaking valves observed each quarter and the rollii|| 

average percent reduction observed in each quarter. 

(iii) The beginning and ending dates while meeting the requirementsflf 

§XX.X3-l(d). 

(2) For owners or operators who elect to use a technology review and 

improvement QIP, as specified in §XX.X3-I(e): 

(i) All data reguired in §XX.X3-1(e)(2). 

(ii) The percent leaking valves observed each quarter. 

(iii) Documentation of all inspections conducted under the requirements 

Of §XX.X3-l(e)(4) and any recoawiendations for design or specification changes 

to reduce 1% & freguency. 

(iv) The beginning and ending dates while meeting the requirements of 

§XX.X3-l(e). 

(3) For owners or operators subject to the requirements of §XX.X3-2, 

pump OJP: 

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Draft 9/26/90 

(i) AlTfrnta reguired in §XX.X3-2(d)(2}_ 

(ii) The rolling average percent leaking pumps. 

(iii) Documentation of all inspections conducted under the requirements 

of §XX.X3-2(d)(4) and any recommendations for design or specification changes 

to reduce leak freguency. 

(iv) The beginning and ending dates while meeting the reguirements of 

§XX.X3-2(d). 

(4*!) If a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days after discovery 

of the leak, the reason for the delay and the expected date of successful 

repair. 

(v) Records of materials of construction, manufacturer, manufacturing or 

purchasing tolerances, and any quality assurance procedures usod in purchase, 

installation or operation of tho component. 

[Note;—The next 2 paragraphs will be elaborated on after the QI program is 

defined, i.e., what kinds of analyses would be appropriate.] 

(3) Evaluations of component parameters, services, operation practices 

or maintenance programs associated with significantly groator leak 

frequoncios, which may include analyses of trends or associations between 

equipment service, line pressure, materials of construction, lino size, and 

othor relevant variables and leak frequency. 

(4)(i) Results of bench scale and field evaluations of low emission 

performance technology including assessment of applicability, maintenance 

needed to ensure low omission performance, and specifications necessary for 

quality control of purchased equipment.—These evaluations shall include a 

76 

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list of oquipmont specifications, design criteria, etc., that are candidates 

of performance trial evaluation. 

(ii) Evaluations of operating practices and maintenance programs needed 

to assure continued low omission performance, which may include analyses of 

trends or associations between equipment service, line pressure, materials of 

construction, line sizo, and other relevant variables and loak frequency.—The 

records shall include tho data used to assess the effect of operating 

practices and maintenance on tho omission performance of equipment. 

{•&•)-• Schedule and plan for performance trials of low omission potential 

equipment. 

(6)(i) A schedule and plan for installation of low emission equipment in 

the process unit subject to the requirements in §XX.X3. 

(ii) Where equipment is not replaced by superior equipment, tho owner or 

operator must certify document tho reasons that use of low omission 

performance equipment is not technically feasible. 

(5) Records of all analyses required in §XX.X3-l(e) and §XX.X3-2(d). 

The records will include the following: 

(i) A list identifying areas associated with poorer than average 

performance and the associated service characteristics of the stream, the 

operating conditions and maintenance practices. 

(ii) T M reasons for rejecting specific candidate superior emission 

performing v.alve or pump technology from performance trials. 

(iii) The list of candidate superior amission performing valve or pump 

technologies, and documentation of the performance trial program items 

required under §XX.X3-1(e)(6)(iii) and §XX.X3-2(d)(6)(iii). 

77 

mm 
Draft 9/26/90 

(iv) The beginning date and duration of performance trails of each 

candidate superior emission performing technology. 

(6) All records documenting the quality assurance program for valves or 

pumps as specified in §XX.X3-i(e)(7) and §XX.X3-2(d)(7). 

(7) Records indicating that all oquipmont purchased valves or pumps 

replaced or modified during the period of the QIP is in compliance with the 

quality assurance requirements in §XX.X3-l(e){7) and §XX.X3-2(d)(7). 

(8) Documontation of operating practices, maintenance programs, and 

personnel training that will be used to achieve low omission porformanco. 

(8) Records documenting compliance with the 20 percent or greater annual 

Hlfacement rate for pumps as specified in §XX.X3-2(d)(8). 

(9) Information and data to show the company corporation has fewer than 

100 employees, including employees providing professional and te|l||||| 

contracted services. 

(n) Owners and operators choosing to comply with the requirements of 

§XX.4-3, shall maintain the following records: 

(1) Identification of the process unit(s) and the VHAPs they handle. 

(2) A schematic of the process unit, enclosure, and closed vent system. 

(3) A description of the system used to create a negative pressure in 

the enclosure to ensure that all emissions are routed to the control device. 

(o) The provisions of §61.14(f) do not apply to process units subject to 

this subpart. 

(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414).) 

'(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 

_ • ) 

78 
P.83 

Draft 9/26/90 

§XX.X7 Reporting requirements. 

(a)(1) An owner or operator of a process unit subject to the provisions 

of this subpart shall submit a statement in writing so notifying the 

Administrator . 

(2) In the case of an existing process unit or a new process unit which 

has an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the statement is to 

be submitted within 90 calendar days of the effective dateapplicability dates 

specified in §XX.X0(b), unless a waiver of compliance is granted under §61.11, 

along with the information required under §61.10. If a waiver of compliance 

is granted, the statement is to be submitted on a date scheduled by the 

Administrator. 

(3) In the case of new process units which did not have an initial 

startup date preceding the effective date, the statement shall be submitted 

with the application for approval of construction, reconstruction, or 

modification as described in §61.07. 

(4) The statement is to contain the following information for each 

process unit, except as provided in paragraph (b)(5) of this section: 

(i) Process unit identification. 

(ii) Number of each equipment type (e.g., valves, pumps) excluding 

equipment designated for no detectable omissions undor tho provisions of 

§XX.X2 2 and those in vacuum service, 

(iii) Method of compliance with the standard (for example, "monthly leak 

detection and repair" or "equipped with dual mechanical seals"). 

(iv) Planned schedule for each phase of the requirements of this 

subpart. 

79 
Draft 9/26/90 

(5) The statement is to contain the following information for each 

process unit subject to the requirements in §XX.X4-2(b): 

(i) Batch product process equipment train identification, and 

(ii) Planned schedule for pressure testing the batch product process 

equipment train. 

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a report shall 

be submitted to the Administrator semiannually starting 6 months after the 

initial report required in paragraph (a) of this section, that includes the 

following information: 

(1) Process unit identification, frequency of monitoring, and specific 

provisions of this subpart being implemented. 

(2) For each monitoring period during the semiannual reporting period, 

(i) The number of valves for which leaks were detected as described in 

§XX.X2-7(b), the percent leakers, and the total number of valves 

%es*edmonitored; 

(ii) The number of valves for which leaks were not repaired as required 

in §XX.X2-7(f). 

(iii) The number of pumps for which leaks were detected as described in 

§XX.X2-2(b), the percent leakers, and the total number of pumps monitored. 

(iv) The number of pumps for which leaks were not repaired as required 

in §XX,X2-2C$>-

(v) The number of compressors for which leaks were detected as described 

in §XX.X2-3(f). 

(vi) The number of compressors for which leaks were not repaired as 

required in §XX.X2-3(g). 

80 

 
Draft 9/26/90 

(vii) The number of flanges connectors for which leaks were detected as 

described in |XX.X2-13(a), the percent of flangos connectors leaking, and the 

total number of flangos connectors -fe-es-tedmonitored. 

(viii) The number of flangos connectors for which leaks were not 

repaired as required in §XX.X2-13(d). 

(ix) The number of agitatorp seals for which leaks were detected as 

described in §XX.X2-12(b). 

(x) The number of agitator! seals for which leaks were not repaired as 

required in §XXJC2-12(c). 

(xi) The facts that explain any delay of repairs and, where appropriate, 

why a process unit shutdown was technically infeasible. 

(3) Dates and durations of process unit, control device, or monitoring 

device startups or shutdowns which occurred within the semiannual reporting 

period. 

(4) Revisions to items reported according to paragraph (a) if changes 

have occurred since the initial report or subsequent revisions to the initial 

report. 

Note: Compliance with the requirements of §61.10(c) is not required for revisions documented under 

this paragraph. 

(5) The results of all performance tests to determine compliance with 

§XX.X2 2(e), §XX.X2-3(i), §XX.X2-4(a), , and §XX.X2-ll(f) conducted within the 

semiannual reporting period. 

(c) For owners or operators electing to meet the requirements of §XX.X4-

2(b), a report shall be submitted to the Administrator semiannually starting 6 

months after the initial report required in paragraph (a) of this section. 

The semiannual report shall include the following information: 

81 
Draft 9/26/90 

(1) Batch product process equipment train identification, 

(2) The number of pressure tests conducted, 

(3) The number of pressure tests where the equipment train failed the 

pressure test, 

(4) The facts that explain any delay of repairs, and 

(5) The results of all performance tests to determine compliance with 

§XX.X2-ll(f). 

(d) An application for approval of construction, reconstruction, or 

modification, §61.05(a) and §61.07, will not be required if 

(1) The new process unit complies with the applicable standard in §XX.X2 

or §XX.X4-2; 

and 

(2) In the next semiannual report required by paragraph (b) of this 

section, the information in paragraph (a)(4) of this section is reported. 

(e) An owner or operator of a process unit that does not achieve (Phase 

III percent leaker standard for valvos) required to comply with §XX.X2-

7(d)(1) shall notify the Administrator within 30 calendar days of initiating 

the monthly monitoring program under §XX_X2-7(d)(l)(i) or a QIP under |X|li 

|. 

(f) An owner or operator of a process unit required to comply with 

§XX.X2-2(d}(2) $hall notify the Administrator within 30 calendar days of 

initiation a QII> under §XX.X3-2. 

(f§) If acceptable to both the Administrator and the owner or operator 

of the process unit, the reports may be submitted on electronic media. 

(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414).) 

82 
Draft 9/26/90 

§XX.X8-1 List of Hazardous Organic Chemicals, 

Acetaldehyde 75070 

Acetamide 60355 

Acetonitrile 75058 

Acetopbenone 98862 

2-Acetylaminofluorine 53963 

. Acrolein 107028 

Acrylamide 79061 

Acrylic acid 79107 

Acrylonitrile 107131 

Allyl chloride 107051 

4-Ami nobi phenyl 92671 

Aniline 62533 

o-Anisidine 90040 

Benzene 71432 

Benzidine 92875 

Senzotrichloride 98077 

8en2yl chloride 100447 

Biphenyl 92524 

$is(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (0EHP) U7817 

Bis(chloromethyl)ether 542881 

Bromoform 75252 

I,3 -Butadiene 106990 

Caprolactam 105602 

Carbon disulfide 75150 

Carbon tetrachloride 56235 

Carbonyl sulfide 463581 

Catechol 120809 

Chloroacetic acid 79118 

2-Chloroacetophenone 532274 

Chlorobenzene 108907 

Chloroform 67663 

Chloromethyl methyl ether 107302 

Chloroprene 126998 

Cresols/Cresy1ic acid (isomers and mixture) 319773 

Cresols/Cresylic acid (isomers and mixture) 9548? 

Cresols/Cresylic acid (isomers and mixture) 108394 

Cresol s/Cresylic acid (isomers and mixture) 106445 

Cumen-e.. -

% 98828 

2,4-0; $a1t$ and esters 94757 

Wt /.vv- 3547044 

Of a2omethane 334883 

Dibenzofurans 132649 

l,2-Oibromo-3-chloropropane 96128 

Dibutylphthalate 84742 

l,4-Dichlorobenzene(p) 106467 

3,3-Dichlorobenzidene 91941 

Dichloroethyl ether (bi${2-chloroethy!}ether) 111444 

i»3-P1chloroprope*ne 542756 

83 
P.88 

Draft 9/26/90 

Dietnanol amine 

N,N»BietiiyT aniline <N,N~D1methylanil ine) 

OiethyV sulfate 

3,3*~D1methoxybenzidine / 

Dimethyl aminoazobenzene 

3,3'-Dimethyl benzidine 

Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride 

Dimethyl formamide 

1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine 

Dimethyl phthalate 

Dimethyl sulfate 

4,6~D1nitro~o-cresol, and salts 

Z,4-Dinitrophenol 

2 »4-D1 nitrotoluene 

1,4-Dioxane (1»4-Oiethyleneoxide) 

1,2-D1phenylhydrazine 

Epichlorohydrin {l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) 

1^2-Epoxybutane 

Ethyl acrylate 

Ethyl benzene 

Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) 

Ethyl chloride (Chloroethane) 

Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane) 

Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) 

Ethylene glycol 

Ethylene oxide 

Ethylene thiourea 

Ethylidene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) 

Formaldehyde 

Glycol ethersa 

Hexachlorobenzene 

Hexachlorobutadiene 

Hexachloroethane 

Hexamethylene*1,6-di1socyanate 

Kexamethylphosphoramide 

Hexane 

Hydrazine 

Hydroquinone 

Isophorone 

Maleic"annydrfde 

Methanol 

HethyV brxwrtde (Bromomethane) 

Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) 

Methyl chloroform (l,l*l~Trichioroethane) 

Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone) 

Hethyl hydrazine 

Methyl iodide (lodomethane) 

Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) 

Methyl isocyanate 

Hethyl raethacrylate 

111422 

121697 

64675 

119904 

6GU 7 

119937 

7S447 

68122 

57147 

131113 

77781 

534521 

51285 

121142 

123911 

122667 

106898 

106887 

140885 

100414 

51796 

75003 

106934 

107062 

1072H 

75218 

,96457 

75343 

50000 

0 

118741 

87683 

67721 

822060 

680319 

110543 

302012 

123319 

78591 

108316 

67561 

74839 

74873 

71556 

78933 

60344 

74884 

108101 

624839 

80626 

84 
Hethyl Mf% butyl ether 

4»4*Metny.ene bis(2-chloroaniline) 

Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) 

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) 

4,4*-Methylenedi anil1ne 

Naphthalene 

Nitrobenzene 

4 *f.itrob1 phenyl 

4-Nitrophenol 

4-Nitropropane 

H-Hitroso-H- methyl urea 

N-Nitrosodfmethy1 amine 

N-Nitrosomorpholine 

Phenol 

p-Phenylenediamine 

Phosgene 

Phthalic anhydride 

Polychlorinated !>1 phenyls (Aroclors) 

1,3-Propane sultone 

beta-Propiolactone 

Propiona1dehyde 

Propoxur (Baygon) 

Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane) 

Propylene oxide 

1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl aziridine) 

Quinone 

Styrene 

Styrene oxide 

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodi benzo-p-dioxi n 

1,1»2•2-Tetrachloroethane 

Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) 

Toluene 

2,4-Toluene diamine 

2,4-Toluene d i isocyanate 

o-Toluidine 

1,2,4~Tr1chlorobenzene 

1,1,2-Tri chloroethane 

Trichloroethylene 

2,4,5-Tri chl orophenol 

2,4,6-lrtctilorophenol 

Triethylamine 

Trifl#*Hn 

2,2,4-Tr1 methyl pentane 

Vinyl acetate 

Vinyl bromide 

Vinyl chloride 

Vinylidene chloride {ltl-Qichl©methylene) 

Xylenes (isomers and mixture) 

.Xylenes (isomers and mixture) 

Xylenes (isomers and mixture) 

Draft 9/26/90 

1634044 

101144 

75092 

101688 

101779 

91203 

98953 

92933 

100027 

79469 

684935 

62769 

59892 

108952 

106503 

7544$ 

85449 

1336363 

1120714 

57578 

12338$ 

114261 

78875 

75569 

75558 

106514 

100425 

96093 

1746016 

79345 

127184 

108883 

95807 

584849 

95534 

120821 

79005 

79016 

95954 

88062 

121448 

1582098 

540841 

108054 

593602 

75014 

753S4 

1330207 

95476 

108383 

85 

m ^ 
P.90 

Draft 9/26/90 

Xylene^(isomers-and mixture) 106423 

§XX.X8-2 List of Hazardous Organic Chemical Production Processes. 

The provisions of this supbart apply to production processes that make 

the following chemicals: 

CAS 

NUMBER CHEMICAL HAKE 

GROUP I 

121733 l-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene 

67641 Acetone 

75058 Acetonitrile 

98862 Acetophenone 

79061 Acrylamide 

107131 Acrylonitrile 

111693 Adiponitrile 

107186 Ally! alcohol 

123308 Aminophenol (p-isomer) 

62533 Aniline 

103333 Azobenzene 

71432 Benzene 

98486 Benzenedisulfonic acid 

98113 Benzenesulfonlc acid 

92875 Benzidine 

119619 Benzophenone (POM) 

92524 Biphenyl 

542881 Bis(Chloromethyl)Ether 

10861 Bromobenzene 

110634 Butanediol (1,4-isomer) 

96480 Butyrolacetone 

56235 Carbon tetrachloride 

532274 Chloroacetophone (2-isomer) 

95512 Chloroaniline (o-isomer) 

108907 Chlorobenzene 

25497294 Chlorodifluoromethane 

67663 Chloroform 

88733 Chloronitrobenzene (o-isomer) 

100005 Chloronitrobenzene (p-isomer) 

80159 Cumene hydroperoxide 

98828 Cumene (isopropyl benzene) 

U0827 Cyclohexane 

108930 Cyclohexanol 

108941 Cyclohexanone 

110838 Cyclohexene 

95761 Dichloroaniline (all isomers) 

106467 Dichlorobenzene (1,4-isomer) (PDB) 

541731 Dichlorobenzene (m-isomer) 

95501 Dichlorobenzene (o-isomer) 

1331471 Dlchtorobenzidine (3»3«isomer) 

107062 Dichloroethane (1,2-isomer) (EPC) 

111444 Dichloroethyl ether (b1s(2-chloroethyl)ether) 

86 
Draft 9/26/90 

75718 BicjNldrfldifluoromethane 

111422 Diethanol amine* 

111466 Diethylene glycol 

ii1!??? KM e n *

 6 1yco 1 mm& Ether 

liS S SSM* 1*

 9l

,

y c °! d1*thy1 m*r

 glycol ether) 

JUS ! 2 e ! We n e g1yco1 dimethyl ether (glycol ether) 

lit Hi mil**]*TM W Monflb ^

1

 Ether Acetate

 } 

l m « SSKJI 0" *

 S^ycol "W"***! «*her acetate (glycol ether) 

H S S SUM*1*

 g ly c o

 ^^butyl ether (glycol ether) ' 

ini S 8 e S

y ef,e 9 lyco ^ «"K»ttyl ether acetate (glycol ether 1 

in??? K'JW*1*

 9\**1 *»«*«tf ether (glycol ether) ' 

HlS i S1w?!f* <M-Oiethyleneox1de) 646060 DiOXilane 

101815 Diphenyl Methane 

101848 Diphenyl oxide (POM) 

2

^571 8 Di propylene glycol 

121013 Dodecyl benzene (n-isomer) 

141435 Ethanolamines (all isomers! 

100414 Ethyl benzene ' 

96491 Ethylene carbonate 

lSSl EtSlS giycT'* <D1bTM^**> (EDB) 

*Ui5fI K!!yi

ene

 ^Kol di acetate 

??«5? IK?

 en e G1*c(>1 0ietW Ether 

20 2 ftS 22 J yC°]

 din, ^^\^he r (glycol ether) 

J r^l e M 9 yco1 raoriobutyl ether acetate (glycol ether* 

Will ll\lyl

Qti* g *co1

 wwobutyl ether (glycol ether)

 } 

i nan? JK e n e * K0 J ""^hy l ether a?etate (glycol ether) 

i!S2f IS?!** «^c o 1 methy l ether (glycol ether?

 } 

AltTM llly\*m *\*t0}

 ffl^methyl ether leet ate (gljcol ether) 

iSStt SK * "

 9 yC0

 •ow*»«Vl ether (glycol etheJ) * 

?Rn?^o KM*1*

 § yco ] ^cphenyl ether glycol ether 

50000 F-ors&ldehyde 

110178 FttRsie acid 

J22??5 ^^^eaetetraiii i 

12331S Hydm&uiaoae 

75310 Isopropylm\m 

1M« i& g ^1be»»"9 0 «««• ^ec.1b.n._„_) 

108316 Maleic anhydride 

123331 Ha1e1c Hydrazide 

6915157 Halic acid 

121471 Metallic acid 

87 
P.92 

Draft 9/26/90 

63683 Methionine 

75092 Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane) 

101779 Methylene dianiline (4,4-isomer) (MDA) 

98839 Hethylstyrene (a-Isomer) 

110918 Morpholine 

88744 Nitroaniline (o-Homer) 

100016 Hitroaniline (p-isomer) 

98953 Nitrobenzene 

111660 Octene-1 

9002817 Paraformaldehyde 

115775 Pentaerythritol 

127184 Perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene) 

95545 Phenylenediamine (o-isomer) 

106503 Phenylenediamine (p-isomer) 

110850 Piperazine 

57578 Proplolactone (b Isomer) 

79094 Propionic acid 

57556 Propylene glycol 

107982 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Elhel 

75569 Propylene oxide 

108463 ftesorcinol 

100425 Styrene (Vinyl Benzene) 

110156 Succinic acid 

110612 Suednoni tri le 

526830 Tartaric Acid 

634902 Tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,5-isomer) 

95943 Tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-isomer) 

112607 Tetraethylene Glycol 

109999 Tetrahydrofuran 

102821 Trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-1 some!! 

79016 Trichloroethylene 

75694 Trichlorofluoromethane 

76131 Trichlorotrifluoroethane 

95954 Trichloropheno! (2,4,5-1 some*! 

102716 Triethanolamine 

112276 Triethylene glycol 

112492 Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glycol ether) 

112356 Triethylene Slycol Monomethyl Ether 

77996 THmethylopropane 

75014 ViStfl chloride (Chloro Ethylene) 

GROUP II 

7S070 Acetaldehyde 

107891 Acetaldol 

60355 Acetamide 

103844 AcetaniUde 

64197 Acetic acid 

108247 Acetic anhydride 

75365 Acetyl chloride 

11I4U AmfnoethylethanoUmine 

88 
Draft 9/26/90 

90040 JUHp^twi (o-Uomer) 

106990 Butadiene (1^3-isomer) 

123864 Butyl acetate (n-isomer) 

71363 Butyl alcohol (n-1corner) 

109739 Butyl amine (n-isomer) 

107880 Butylene glycol (1,3-isomer) 

123728 Butyraldehyde (n-isemer) 

107926 Butyric add 

106310 Butyric anhydride 

105602 Caprolactam 

558134 Curbntt tetrabromide 

75730 Carbon Tetrafluoride 

75876 Chloral 

79118 Chloroacetic ad d 

108429 Chloroaniline (m-isomer) 

106478 Ch1 oroani Hn e (p-isomer) 

108430 Chlorophenol (m-isomer) 

106489 Chlorophenol'(p-Isomer) 

126998 Chloroprene (2-Chloro-l,3-Butadiene) 

75729 Chlorotrifluoromethane 

4170300 Crotonaldehyde 

3724650 Crotonic acid 

372098 Cyanoacetic acid (CN compound) 

111784 Cyclooctadlene 

1552121 Cyclooctadlene (1,5-isomer) 

760236 Dichloro*l-butene (3,4-isomer) 

540590 Dichloroethylene (1,4- isomer) 

542756 Dichloropropene (1,3-isomer) 

64675 Diethyl sulfate 

119937 Dimethyl Benzidine (3,3-isomer) 

68122 Dimethyl formamide (NN-isomer) (DMF) 

57147 Dimethyl hydrazine (1,1-isomer) 

120616 Dimethyl terephthalate 

141786 Ethyl acetate 

141979 Ethyl acetoacetate 

140885 Ethyl acrylate 

105395 Ethyl chloroacetate 

41892711 Ethyl sodium oxa!acetate 

151564 Ethylene Imine (Aziridine) 

107153 Ethylenediamine 

104767 Ethylhexanol (2-isomer) 

103117 Ethylhexyl Acrylate (2-isomer) 

75127 Formamide 

64186 Formic acid 

56815 Glycerol 

26545737 Slycero! dichlorohydrin 

25791962 Glycerol triether 

56406 Glycine 

107222 Glyoxal 

118741 Hexachlorobeniene 

89 
P.94 

Draft 9/26/90 

87683 He&i&iorebutadiene 

67721 Bejicfcloroethane 

592450 Htttf&98* (1,4-isomer) 

124094 Hexamethylenediamine 

107313 Methyl formate 

98851 Methyl Phenol Carbinol 

99092 m-Nitroaniline 

79469 flltropropane 

123637 Paraldehyde 

79210 Peracettc Acid 

108996 Pi coline (b-isomer) 

110894 Piperadine 

110861 Pyridine 

111206 Sebadc Acid 

127093 Sodium acetate 

3926623 Sodium chloroacetate 

110441 Sorbic acid 

126330 Sulfolane 

100210 Terephthalic acid 

79345 Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-isomer). 

85438 Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride 

110601 Tetrasiefchyl enedi amine 

95807 Toluene 2,4 diamine 

584849 Toluene Z>.<% diisocyanate 

26471625 Toluene diisocyanates (mixture) 

95534 Toluidine (o-1soraer) 

71556 Trichloroethane (1,1,1-isomer) 

79005 Trichloroethane (1,1,2-isomer) (Vinyl Trichloride) 

108054 Vinyl acetate 

100403 Vinylcyclohexene (4-isomer) 

75354 Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene) 

GfiDUP III 

102012 Acetoacetanilide 

124049 Adipic acid 

1321115 Asrfnobenzoic acid 

142041 Aniline hydrochloride^ 

100663 Anisole 

118923 Anthranilic acid 

84651 Mforapinone (P0$) 

100527 8$®£&ldehyd$ 

55210 fem«s.i(_*£ 

134816 mm {mr$ 

7693? Benzllk ad d (POP.) 

65850 Benzoic acid 

119539 Benzoin {?Q®} 

100470 BenzonitHls 

98077 Benzotrichloride 

96884 Benzoyl chloride 

- 140114 Seszyl Acetate 

90 
P.95 

i*__e«__ * Draf t 9/26/90 

100516 mm alcohol 

JS5J S^**1 *>*nzoate (POM) 

100447 Benzyl chloride * 

, S J *snzy\ dichloride 

100469 Benzyl amine 

§2?5I 5^pheno1 A (POM) 

^offSo JS'11*"**1 Phthalate S

f^I2?S 2 or°benza1dehyde 

213&4 Si

 ct\ben "i c

 * « (all isomers) 

l»8 u ^ °^nzotrich1oride (all isomers) 

Illll JK0^

0^2^1

 chloride

 150TOrsJ 

l£S S 8 oro ! ° W (o-isomer 

oaS! c^? t?

1 u fs

 CP-isomer 

fiiSra S eso! <»-^«wwr) 

«S r2*

 $ 5r e?^ *c

 * « (mixed) 

.gjfj Cresols (o-isomer) ' 

106445 Cresols (p-isomer) 

IM& ! ^?^xy?amlS

 } 

JSS f S alI

y1 Is^halate 

WTKSS S ?thy1 Phthalate ' 26

 sajjpwss* 

Illll n "l*"*01TM? (2,4-isomer) (DNT) 'Sfs 2V^t^^uanidine ' v } 

?7io?«! J1 Phenyl amine (POM 

27193868 Dodecylphenol 

i*?!H Hydr°Hybenzoic acid (p-isow*; 

«J28 | Isophthalic acid ^P m m 

ii?82 ^W^^hexane ' 

loom LtmilI

s

* l e £o-iseraer 100174 Nitroanisole (p-isomer) 

91 
' P96 

Draft 9/26/90 

"So w mSSt"ISf !d t*->*~**?~ 1«*r*) 108027 Nitrophenol (4-isomer) 

nml . M.t^.i_Se

( 0',SOffler)

 <2-

|

»*-'*""*"") 

88722 Nitrotoluene (2-isomer) 

SSS. X.trotoluene (3-isomer) 

99990 Nitrotoluene (4-isomer) 

27193288 Octylphenol ' 

87865 Pentachlorophenol 

_SJS? Uridin e (o-isomer) 

ISSSi ^enetidine (p-isomer) 

108952 Phenol 

77098 Phenolphthalein 

tSSX S«»J««lft»Hc acids (all isomers) 

91407 Phenyl anthranilic acid *g**rs' 

108736 Phlorogludno? 

88993 Phthalic Acid 

85449 Phthallc anhydride 

85416 Phthallmide 

91156 Phthalonitrile 

98511 p-tert-8utyl Toluene 

106514 Ouinone 

69727 Salicylic acid 

532321 Sodium benzoate 

139026 Sodium phenate 

588590 Stilbene 

121573 Sulfanilic acid 

??TM!i ptrabroraophthalic anhydride 

}"2S Jet

rachl°TMphthalic anhydride 

108883 Toluene 

1333079 Toluenesulfonamide 

2 ^ i ? Jy

]

ene Sulfon1c A^<* 

1330207 Xylenes (mixtures) 

tSSXS ^ene s (o-isomer) 

106423 Xylenes (p-isaner) 

1300738 Xylidine 

107028 Acrolein 

79107 Acrylic add 

107051 Allyl chloride 

t!££fi J11y1 C*

anW

« 176Z954 Ammonium Thiocyanate 

27f?ISJ4 8^««>naphthalene (POM) 

109740 Butyronitrile 

75150 Carbon disulfide 

92 
P.97 

Draft 9/26/90 

25586430 Ch|$fonaphthalene (MM) 

91178 Decishydrorcaphthalate 

131179 DUllyl Phthalate 

109897 Diethyl astine 

115106 Dimethyl ether - N,N 

75183 Dimethyl sulfide 

67685 Dimethyl sulfoxide 

124403 Dimethyl asalne 

75003 Ethyl chloride (Chloroethane) 

111308 Glutaraldehyde 

106694 Hexanetriol (1,2,6- isomer) 

78591 Tsophorone 

108214 Isopropyl acetate 

67561 Methanol 

79209 Methyl acetate 

105453 Hethyl acetoacetate 

74839 Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) 

74873 Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) 

60344 Methyl Hydrazine 

108112 Hethyl isobutyl carbinol 

108101 Hethyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) 

624839 Methyl Isocyanate 

74931 Methyl Mercaptan 

80626 Hethyl methacrylate 

74895 Methyl amine 

91203 Naphthalene 

85472 Naphthalene sulfonic acid (a-isomer) (POM) 

120183 Naphthalene sulfonic acid (b-isomer) (POM) 

90153 Naphthol (a-isomer) (POM) 

135193 Naphthol (b-isomer) (POM) 

86577 Nitronaphthalene (1-isomer) 

594423 Perch1oromethy! mercaptan 

75445 Phosgene 

123386 Propionaldehyde 

71238 Propyl alcohol (n-isomer) 

540545 Propyl chloride 

107108 Propylamine 

78875 Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane) 

124414 Sodium Methooxid* 

78002 Tefcr&sthyl lead 

119642 Tsirattydrenapthalene (Tetralin) (POM) 

121448 THeifeylamine 

75503 THtsathyl amine 

933482 THfBethylcyclohexanol 

2408379 Trimethylcyclohexanone 

GROUP V 

105577 Acetal 

75865 Acetone cyanohydrin {CH compound) 

- Alkyl naphthalenes (no CASI assigned) (POM) 

93 

_r__m 
Draft 9/26/90 

75252 BroiBOfprm 

1

2 2 £ $$% ^ u u (isomer) 78922 Butyl alcohol (s-isomer) 

75650 Butyl alcohol (t-1somer) 

--vSSS- 1*1*1 bT

Z0)c

 *c1d -<P-fcert-isc«>er} l3952846 Butyl amine (s-Isomer) * 

75649 Butyl amine (t-isomer) 

63252 Carbaryl * 

9004357 Cellulose acetate 

*__J£Kf CMorodlfluoroethane 

25167800 Chlorophenols 

7790945 Chlorosulfodc acid 

420042 Cyanamide 

um gZffi sir*(CH "«"« 

I2K2 C^wrfc chloride 

123422 Diacetone alcohol 

WJSSl SJP^ptMwol Hydrochlorlii 

74953 Dibromoethane 

95231 D1chlorohydrin 

461585 Oicyanadimide 

Miff S. S

 (2

-

6

"

,stffl« 

25167708 Diisobutylene 

27554263 Oiisooctyl phthalate 

674828 Oiketene 

26675174 Dodecylaniline 

122510 Ethyl orthoformate 

95921 Ethyl oxalate 

75047 Ethyl amine 

9004573 Ethylcellulose 

105566 Ethylcyanoacetate 

JZf-f!

 He*acMorocyclopentadiene 629118 Hexasethylene glycol 

iSS S ^r 1?

9 0 c

y

4

"

i d d

 (CN compound) 

1?S??S ^obutyl Acrylate 

115117 Isobutylene 

463514 Keten« 

79414 Heih-^crylic acid 

563473 Steihatlyl chloride 

96333 Ctetftyl A-eryiats* 

IHSU 2251 f^A6*^ (2-ButlnWp 1634044 Hethyl tert Butyl Ether 

,£HR ^thylpentynol 

1Z1D13 n-Dodecylbenzene 

«,SS 5 ^P^tanol c acid 25154523 fctanylphenol 

1

 88120 ^inyU2*Pyrrolidine 

94 

run 
P.99 

Draft 9/26/90 

25322683 Polyethylene glycol 

SXgf } Pol^ropyl ene glycol 

27138674 Res^cylic acid 

9

?5S?! H!* "

 c^fe»xymethyl cellilisi 143339 Sodium Cyanide ^rmm 

141537 Sodium formate 

98066 tert-Butylbenzene 

75741 Tetramethyl lead 

4iX! ? JetramethyTetNylenedi amine 7756947 Triisobutylene 5

57136 IrlTthy1pentafte <*.M-1*»«r) 

1300716 Xylenol 

JJISS Jyjeno! (2,3-1somer) 

105679 Xylenol (2,4-isomer) 

ttWA J y!

m

] <2*5*isomer) 576261 Xylenol (2,6-isomer 

,£S3 IM*101 b»*-1«W8r) 108689 Xylenol (3,5-isomer 

95