Î Ë § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ Œ±¥¥ ”øÆμaÆ fiø­·1⁄2 floo­ ­3ø¥¥ oø­ ̧ 3øÆμ­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥ao ̈ ø2o Æ·1 ̧ ̈ ­·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a øÆ ̈·o·1⁄2·ø¥  ̧±Æ·¶±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­ ·2 Æ±¥¥ ÿ±Æ·¶±2 floo­ 3øÆμ­  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø o ́¥¥  ̧±Æ·¶±2 ¥·2a
‘øooaÆ floo­ ­3ø¥¥ 3øÆμ­ ±2 a· ̈ ̧aÆ ­·oa

±o  ̈ ̧a øÆ ̈·o·1⁄2·ø¥  ̧±Æ·¶±2 ¥øooaÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æ±¥¥ ©· ̈ ̧ fl‘Ãfl Æ±¥¥ 3±TMa3a2 ̈­ –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Œ±¥¥ Õ1⁄2ø¥·21 ÔðÙ ÓðÙ ÌðÙ Ïð fl¥¥±©­ o±Æ ­1⁄2ø¥·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a øÆ ̈·o·1⁄2·ø¥  ̧±Æ·¶±2 3øÆμ·21­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈a o±Æ ⁄– 1⁄2ø3aÆø­ ±o o·ooaÆa2 ̈ o·a¥o TM·a©­ –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆTMø¥­ ÔðÙ ÓðÙ ÌðÙ Ïð Õa ̈­  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o oa1Æaaæa ̈©aa2 °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ 3øÆμ·21­ © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a øÆ ̈·o·1⁄2·ø¥  ̧±Æ·¶±2 ¥øooaÆ ·­  ́­ao
—Ãÿ¤Œ ›—”–—“¤“ÃÕ Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈­ 1⁄2ø2 æa  ̈ ́Æ2ao ±2 ±Æ ±ooÚ Ã ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ̈ ̧aÆ ±° ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈­Ú
“fl”¤ ‹¤ Õ›Œ×–Ã×—“ ›±3°ø­­ flÆÆ±© ‹·­°¥øß­ ø2 øÆÆ±©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °±·2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o 2±Æ ̈ ̧ ÿ±3a flÆÆ±© ‹·­°¥øß­ ø2 øÆÆ±©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °±·2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧±3a °±·2 ̈
øÆ·± fiøÆ ‹·­°¥øß­ ø æøÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a Æ·1 ̧ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æaa2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2ø¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧ TMaÆ ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ­°aaoÚ Ã ̧a æøÆ ©·¥¥ ·21⁄2Æaø­a ·2 ¥a21 ̈ ̧  ́°  ̈± ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a ø 1⁄2¥·3æÙ ±Æ o±©2  ̈± ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a ø oa­1⁄2a2 ̈
⁄±Æ©øÆo a¥±1⁄2· ̈ß ‹·­°¥øß­ ø æøÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥ao ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æaa2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2ø¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o±Æ©øÆoÒÆaøÆ©øÆo TMa¥±1⁄2· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ Ã ̧a æøÆ ©·¥¥ a® ̈a2o  ́°  ̈± ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a o±Æ©øÆo TMa¥±1⁄2· ̈ßÙ ±Æ o±©2  ̈± ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a ø ÆaøÆ©øÆo TMa¥±1⁄2· ̈ß
Õ·oa­¥·° ‹·­°¥øß­ ø æøÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ±o  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æaa2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2ø¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ­·oaÛ ̈±Û­·oa TMa¥±1⁄2· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ Ã ̧a æøÆ ©·¥¥ a® ̈a2o ¥ao ̈  ̈± ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a ¥ao ̈©øÆo TMa¥±1⁄2· ̈ßÙ ±Æ Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a Æ·1 ̧ ̈©øÆo TMa¥±1⁄2· ̈ßÎ Á § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ÃÀ“×“Ÿ fl‘Ãfl

fl‘Ãfl 1⁄2±3a­ °ÆaÛ ̈ ́2ao o±Æ ø ©·oa TMøÆ·a ̈ß ±o °øß¥±øo­ ø2o o¥ß·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥¥ßÙ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥  ̈ ́2·21 ·­ 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± o¥ß fl‘ÃflÙ ø2o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥  ̈ ́2·21 ©·¥¥ ±2¥ß 2aao  ̈±  ̈øμa °¥ø1⁄2a ·o 3±Æa 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ oaa¥ ·­ oa­·ÆaoÚ ‹aoø ́¥ ̈  ̈ ́2·21 TMø¥ ́a­ øÆa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2 fl°°a2o·® flÙ ‹aoø ́¥ ̈ Ã ́2·21 ø¥ ́a­Ú –øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ oø¥¥ ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧Æaa 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ Û fl ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oaÙ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ø2o –±­· ̈·±2Ú Ãß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ́2·21 ­ ̧± ́¥o  ̈øμa °¥ø1⁄2a ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±ÆoaÆÙ a2­ ́Æ·21 fl ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ øÆa ­a ̈ o·Æ­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a2 3±TM·21  ̈± ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o o·2ø¥¥ß –±­· ̈·±2 °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­Ú Ã ́2·21 ­ ̧± ́¥o  ̈øμa °¥ø1⁄2a ø­ ø2 · ̈aÆø ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ æß 3øμ·21 ±2¥ß ­3ø¥¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­Ù  ̈a­ ̈ o¥ß·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­Ù ±æ­aÆTM·21  ̈ ̧a 2a© o¥·1 ̧ ̈ æa ̧øTM·±Æ­Ù ø2o Æa°aø ̈·21Ú —2¥ß  ̈ ́2a ø ­·21¥a °øÆø3a ̈aÆ ø ̈ ø  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ æa­ ̈ Æa­ ́¥ ̈­Ú Ã±  ̈ ́2a fl‘ÃflÙ ±°a2  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°° ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ ›±2o·1 ́Æø ̈·±2­ ‚ fl·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ‹ß2ø3·1⁄2­Ú



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ Ã ́2·21 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2 ̧ø21a  ̈ ̧a o ́2oø3a2 ̈ø¥ o¥ß·21 1⁄2 ̧øÆø1⁄2 ̈aÆ·­ ̈·1⁄2­ ±o fl‘ÃflÚ × ̈ ·­ °±­­·æ¥a o±Æ fl‘Ãfl  ̈± æa1⁄2±3a  ́2­ ̈øæ¥a ±Æ aTMa2  ́21⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥øæ¥a ·o TMø¥ ́a­ øÆa ­a ̈  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧ ±Æ  ̈±± ¥±©Ú —2¥ß 1⁄2 ̧ø21a  ̈ ́2·21 °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ ·2 ­3ø¥¥ ·21⁄2Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ©· ̈ ̧ 1⁄2ø ́ ̈·±2Ú fl¥©øß­  ̈a­ ̈ 2a©  ̈ ́2·21 1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æø ̈·±2­ ·2 ±°a2 øÆaø­ ø©øß oÆ±3 °a±°¥a ±Æ ±æ­ ̈ø1⁄2¥a­Ú



### “—Ã¤ Ã ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°° ±2¥ß ø¥¥±©­  ̈ ́2·21 © ̧·¥a fl‘Ãfl ·­ ±2  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2oÚ



### “—Ã¤ ... ̧a2 3øμ·21 1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æø ̈·±2 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°°Ù ©ø· ̈  ̈ ̧Æaa ­a1⁄2±2o­ æao±Æa 1⁄2¥±­·21  ̈ ̧a ø°° o±Æ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­  ̈± æa ­øTMao ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ßÚ



# flÃÃ×ÃÀ‹¤ ÃÀ“×“Ÿ fl ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa  ̈ ́2·21 øo¶ ́­ ̈­  ̧±© flÃ‘fl Æa­°±2o­  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2° ́ ̈­ ø2o o·­ ̈ ́Ææø21⁄2a­Ú æa ̧øTM·±Æ­Ú fl ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈ ́2ao ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥ß æao±Æa  ̈ ́2·21  ̧a·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ °±­· ̈·±2 °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ÚÍ ð § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ ... ̧a2  ̈ ́2·21 ø ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oaÙ  ̈ ̧a °Æ·3øÆß °øÆø3a ̈aÆ  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø21a ·­ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ o±¥¥±©ao æß Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧Ú
ÕÃ×⁄⁄“¤ÕÕ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ ·­ øo¶ ́­ ̈ao o±Æ °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥ ­·3 ́¥ ̈ø2a± ́­¥ßÙ ø2o ßø© ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈¥ßÚ × ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­  ̧±© ­ ̈øæ¥a fl‘Ãfl ·­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a ø®a­ ø2o ·­  ̈ ̧a °Æ·3øÆß TMøÆ·øæ¥a  ̈± øo¶ ́­ ̈ © ̧a2  ̈ ́2·21Ú ... ̧a2  ̈ ́2·21 Õ ̈·oo2a­­ o·Æ­ ̈Ù ±Æ 3øμ·21 ¥øÆ1a ­ ̈·oo2a­­ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­Ù ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa ­a ̈  ̈± ø ¥±©Ù 2±2Û¶aÆ± TMø¥ ́aÚ ÿ·1 ̧aÆ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ TMø¥ ́a­ 1·TMa 3±Æa Æa­°±2­·TMa 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú ø¥ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a ·2­ ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ±Æ ±­1⁄2·¥¥ø ̈·±2Ú



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ ¤®1⁄2a­­·TMa¥ß  ̧·1 ̧ ­ ̈·oo2a­­ TMø¥ ́a­ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± æa1⁄2±3a  ́2­ ̈øæ¥a ø2o o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ ±Æ aTMa2 ·3°±­­·æ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú ‘±©aÆ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ TMø¥ ́a­ 1·TMa ¥a­­ Æa­°±2­·TMa 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú ø¥ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈±± ¥±© 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a ø TMø1 ́a ±Æ o·­1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ Æa­°±2­aÚ

ÿ—‘‹ ÕÃŒ¤“ŸÃÿ ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥  ̈Æß  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ÒÆ±¥¥ ø21¥a 1⁄2±33ø2oÙ ±Æ ø ßø©  ̧aøo·21 1⁄2±33ø2oÚ × ̈ ·­ øo¶ ́­ ̈ao o±Æ °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥ ­·3 ́¥ ̈ø2a± ́­¥ßÙ ø2o ßø© ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈¥ßÚ fl  ̧·1 ̧aÆ ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ ­a ̈ ̈·21 ©·¥¥ 1·TMa ø oø­ ̈aÆ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ Æa­°±2­a ø2o ø 3±Æa Æa­°±2­·TMa oaa¥Ú ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ TMø¥ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± ±TMaÆ­ ̧±± ̈ °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ±Æ Æ±¥¥ 1⁄2±33ø2o­Ù ±Æ aTMa2 1⁄2ø ́­a ·2­ ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ ¤®1⁄2a­­·TMa¥ß  ̧·1 ̧ ­ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ TMø¥ ́a­ 1⁄2ø­a 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± æa1⁄2±3a  ́2­ ̈øæ¥a ø2o o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ ±Æ aTMa2 ·3°±­­·æ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú Ãß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧·­ ­a ̈ ̈·21 ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ 2aao  ̈± æa 1⁄2 ̧ø21ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oaoø ́¥ ̈ TMø¥ ́aÙ ø2o ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a2 ·2 ­3ø¥¥ ·21⁄2Æa3a2 ̈­Ú



# ÿ¤×ŸÿÃ ÃÀ“×“Ÿ
·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ø2o –±­· ̈·±2 3±oa­  ̄o±Æ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 3±oa­Ù ­aa  ̈ ̧a ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ”±oa­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥ ̃Ú Ã ́2a  ̧a·1 ̧ ̈ °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ ±2¥ß øo ̈aÆ ­ø ̈·­oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ·¥ß  ̈ ́2·21 ø ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­Ú Õ·3·¥øÆ  ̈± ø ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa  ̈ ́2·21Ù ­ ̈·oo2a­­ ·­  ̈ ̧a °Æ·3øÆß  ̈ ́2·21 °øÆø3a ̈aÆÚÍ Ô § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ ×o ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧·21  ̈± ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ”±oa 1⁄2ø ́­a­ fl‘Ãfl  ̈± o¥ß ·2 ø2  ́2­ ̈øæ¥a 3ø22aÆÙ ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ æø1⁄2μ  ̈± ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÙ ¥ø2o ø2o  ̈Æß Æao ́1⁄2·21  ̈ ̧a TMø¥ ́a­ ±o  ̧a·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ́2·21 1ø·2­ ·o  ̈ ̧aß øÆa TMaÆß  ̧·1 ̧Ù ±Æ ·21⁄2Æaø­·21  ̈ ̧a3 ·o  ̈ ̧aß øÆa TMaÆß ¥±©Ú
¤ŒÃ×›fl‘ ÕÃ×⁄⁄“¤ÕÕ aÆ ̈·1⁄2ø¥ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ Ÿø·2 3±o·o·a­  ̈ ̧a TMaÆ ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±oaÚ ‹a1⁄2Æaø­a  ̈ ̧·­ TMø¥ ́a ·o fl‘Ãfl a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a­ TMaÆ ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ±­1⁄2·¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±Æ TM·æÆø ̈·±2Ú ×21⁄2Æaø­a  ̈ ̧·­ TMø¥ ́a ·o fl‘Ãfl ·­ ­¥ ́11·­ ̧ © ̧·¥a ø1⁄21⁄2a¥aÆø ̈·21  ̈± ø oa­·Æao 1⁄2¥·3æ ±Æ oa­1⁄2a2 ̈ Æø ̈a ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±oaÚ
ÿ—‘‹ ÕÃŒ¤“ŸÃÿ ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ Ÿø·2  ̈ ́2a­  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± ­ ̈øß ±2 ø oa­·Æao ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oa ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ÿ±¥o 3±oa ±2¥ßÚ fl  ̧·1 ̧aÆ TMø¥ ́a ©·¥¥ Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2  ̧a·1 ̧ ̈ æa·21  ̧a¥o 3±Æa °Æa1⁄2·­a¥ßÚ Ã±±  ̧·1 ̧ ±o ø TMø¥ ́a 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± ±TMaÆÆaø1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ©·2o­Ù 1 ́­ ̈­ ±Æ  ̈ ́Ææ ́¥a2 ̈ ø·ÆÚ
›‘×”fi ŒflÃ¤ ÕÃŒ¤“ŸÃÿ ›¥·3æ Œø ̈a Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ øo¶ ́­ ̈­  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø oa­·Æao 1⁄2¥·3æ Æø ̈aÚ ÿ·1 ̧aÆ TMø¥ ́a­ ©·¥¥ Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2 ø 3±Æa o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ oaa¥ æa ̈©aa2 °·¥± ̈ 1⁄2¥·3æ ±Æ oa­1⁄2a2 ̈ 1⁄2±33ø2o­ ø2o fl‘Ãfl o¥ß·21 æa ̧øTM·±ÆÚ ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ TMø¥ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧ 3øß 1⁄2ø ́­a ·2­ ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

# –—Õ×Ã×—“ ÃÀ“×“Ÿ Ã ́2·21 °±­· ̈·±2 °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ ©·¥¥ øo¶ ́­ ̈  ̧±© ©a¥¥ fl‘Ãfl 3ø·2 ̈ø·2­ ø oa­·Æao 1Æ± ́2o ­°aao ±Æ ø °±­· ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2oÚ Õ·3·¥øÆ  ̈± ø ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa ø2o  ̧a·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ́2·21Ù  ̈ ̧a °Æ·3øÆß TMø¥ ́a  ̈± øo¶ ́­ ̈ ·­ ­ ̈·oo2a­­Ú
ÿ—Œ×Æ—“Ãfl‘ ÕÃ×⁄⁄“¤ÕÕ Ÿfl×“ Æa­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈± ©·2o 1 ́­ ̈­ ±Æ  ̈ ́Ææ ́¥a21⁄2a oÆ±3 3±TM·21 fl‘Ãfl ±oo · ̈­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ °±­· ̈·±2Ú ø¥ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a ·2­ ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o fl‘ÃflÚ
ÿ—‘‹ ÕÃŒ¤“ŸÃÿ Ÿfl×“ Ã ̧·­ øo¶ ́­ ̈­  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 · ̈­ °¥ø1⁄2a ±TMaÆ ø  ̈øÆ1a ̈ °±­· ̈·±2Ú fl  ̧·1 ̧aÆ TMø¥ ́a ©·¥¥ Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2 °±­· ̈·±2 æa·21  ̧a¥o 3±Æa °Æa1⁄2·­a¥ßÚ ×o  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧Ù °±­· ̈·±2ø¥ ·2­ ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2ø2 Æa­ ́¥ ̈Ù 1⁄2ø ́­·21 fl‘Ãfl  ̈± o¥ß °ø­ ̈ ø  ̈øÆ1a ̈ °±­· ̈·±2ÚÍ Ó § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl‘Ãfl ⁄‘×ŸÿÃ –flŒfl”¤Ã¤ŒÕ

⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ –øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ øÆa o·ooaÆa2 ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ́2·21 °øÆø3a ̈aÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2 ̧øÆø1⁄2 ̈aÆ·­ ̈·1⁄2­ ±o fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧aß 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao  ̈± ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ 2a ́ ̈Æø¥ °±·2 ̈­  ́­·21  ̈Æ·3Ù ±Æ  ̈± ­a ̈ 3ø®·3 ́3 ±Æ 3·2·3 ́3 TMø¥ ́a­Ú 

# flÃÃ×ÃÀ‹¤

–×Ã›ÿ fl“‹ Œ—‘‘ ÃŒ×” À­a –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Œ±¥¥  ̈Æ·3 ­a ̈ ̈·21­  ̈± 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈a2oa21⁄2·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ±Æ Æ±¥¥ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a ́ ̈Æø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2° ́ ̈ÚÀ­a  ̈ ̧a ·2Ûø°° °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥  ̈Æ·3 ­a ̈ ̈·21­ ·2­ ̈aøo ±o Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ  ̈Æ·3 oaø ̈ ́Æaø­ ¥øÆ1a Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ  ̈Æ·3­ 1⁄2± ́¥o °ÆaTMa2 ̈ °±­· ̈·±2  ̧±¥o oÆ±3 a21ø1·21 ø ̈ 2a ́ ̈Æø¥ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ °±­· ̈·±2­Ú ”fl»×”À” –×Ã›ÿÒŒ—‘‘ fl“Ÿ‘¤ Ã ̧·­ ­a ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 ø21¥a  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ æa ø¥¥±©ao  ̈± o¥ß ·2 ø¥¥ 3±oa­ ø2o ·2 ø¥¥ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú
”fl»×”À” «fl... ŒflÃ¤ Ã ̧·­ ·­  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ßø©  ̄°ø2 ̃ © ̧a2 ø ̈ o ́¥¥ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ oao¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

# ÿ¤×ŸÿÃ

ÿ— ¤Œ ÃÿŒ—ÃÃ‘¤ a2­ ́Æa­ fl‘Ãfl o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2¥·3æ ±Æ oa­1⁄2a2o ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ °±­· ̈·±2 © ̧·¥a o¥ß·21 ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ fl ÿ±TMaÆ Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ­a ̈ ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧ ±Æ  ̈±± ¥±© 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± 1⁄2¥·3æ ±Æ oa­1⁄2a2o © ̧a2 ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 æa ̈©aa2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ø2o ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ”±oa­Ú



### “—Ã¤ ÿ±TMaÆ Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ©·¥¥ 2aao  ̈± æa øo¶ ́­ ̈ao © ̧a2 1⁄2 ̧ø21·21  ̈ ̧a ±TMaÆø¥¥ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ß­ ̈a3Ù ±Æ © ̧a2 3±TM·21 æa ̈©aa2 TMaÆß o·ooaÆa2 ̈ a¥aTMø ̈·±2­Ú

flo¶ ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a ÿ±TMaÆ Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ­a ̈ ̈·21 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́Æ·21 ø ­ ̈øæ¥a  ̧±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a °±­· ̈·±2 ·­ ø ̈ 3·oo¥a ­ ̈·1⁄2μÙ ±Æ øæ± ́ ̈ ÔÎðð k­ ·2  ̈ ̧a fl°° Æøo·± 1⁄2 ̧øÆ ̈Ú ×21⁄2Æaø­a ÿ±TMaÆ Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ·o  ̧±TMaÆ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ­ øæ±TMa 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ ­ ̈·1⁄2μÙ ø2o oa1⁄2Æaø­a ·o  ̧±TMaÆ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ­Í Ì § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ æa¥±© 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ ­ ̈·1⁄2μÚ fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa¥ßÙ ·o fl‘Ãfl 1⁄2¥·3æ­ © ̧a2 ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 oÆ±3 ”ø2 ́ø¥  ̈± ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±oaÙ ·21⁄2Æaø­a  ̧±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥aÙ ­·21⁄2a ø 1⁄2¥·3æ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­ ø ­ ̈·1⁄2μ °±­· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­  ̧·1 ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 2a ́ ̈Æø¥ ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ 3±oaÚ ×o fl‘Ãfl oa­1⁄2a2o­Ù oa1⁄2Æaø­a  ̧±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥aÙ ­·21⁄2a ø oa­1⁄2a2 ̈ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­ ø ­ ̈·1⁄2μ °±­· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ¥±©aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 2a ́ ̈Æø¥ ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ 3±oaÚ



### “—Ã¤ Ã ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°° o±a­ 2± ̈ ø¥¥±©  ̧±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a øo¶ ́­ ̈3a2 ̈­ © ̧·¥a fl‘Ãfl ·­ o¥ß·21Ú

”fl»×”À” ›¤×‘×“Ÿ Ã ̧·­ øo¶ ́­ ̈­  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oa  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ·­ ø¥¥±©ao  ̈± 1⁄2¥·3æ oÆ±3 · ̈­ ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 °±·2 ̈ © ̧·¥a ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 3±oa­Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 1⁄2a·¥·21 ·­ a®1⁄2aaoao ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ 3±oaÙ  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ©·¥¥ ·¥¥ ́3·2ø ̈a © ̧· ̈aÚ
”fl»×”À” ›‘×”fi ŒflÃ¤ Ã ̧·­ ­a ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 ­°aao fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 1⁄2¥·3æ ø ̈ o ́¥¥  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ­ ̈·1⁄2μ oao¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ”±oa ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ×o ›¥·3æ Œø ̈a ›¥ø3° ·­ 3ø°°ao  ̈± ø2 Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ 1⁄2 ̧ø22a¥Ù  ̈ ̧a °øÆø3a ̈aÆ ©·¥¥ øo¶ ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a oø­ ̈a­ ̈ 1⁄2¥·3æ ­°aao øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›¥·3æ Œø ̈a ›¥ø3° oaø ̈ ́ÆaÚ
Ÿ–Õ ÿ¤×ŸÿÃ ›—ŒŒ¤›Ã×—“ ...· ̈ ̧ Ÿ–Õ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ›±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·±2 —2Ù Õ«“fl–Õ¤ ©·¥¥  ́­a æ± ̈ ̧ æøÆ±3a ̈aÆ ø2o Ÿ–Õ ­a2­±Æ 3aø­ ́Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a · ̈­ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oaÚ × ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao ́¥ o±Æ ø­­·­ ̈·21 ·2 ©·2oß ±Æ 1 ́­ ̈ß 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ù æ ́ ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa­ 1±±o Ÿ–Õ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2Ú × ̈ ·­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oao  ̈± μaa°  ̈ ̧·­ a2øæ¥ao  ́2¥a­­ Ÿ–Õ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ·­ °Æ±æ¥a3ø ̈·1⁄2Ú


# –—Õ×Ã×—“

”fl»×”À” Ÿ ø·ÆoÆø3aÚ × ̈ ·­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oao  ̈±  ́­a ¥±©aÆ Ÿ ­a ̈ ̈·21­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧aøTM·aÆ °øß¥±øo­Ú Ã ̧·­ ­a ̈ ̈·21  ̧ø­ 2± aooa1⁄2 ̈ ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ
”fl»×”À” Ÿ–Õ fl“Ÿ‘¤ Ã ̧·­ ­a ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥ ø21¥a  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl 3øß o¥ß  ́2oaÆ –±­· ̈·±2 3±oaÚ Ã ̧·­ ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ ±TMaÆÆ·oa  ̈ ̧a fl ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa ”ø®·3 ́3 –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ÒŒ±¥¥ fl21¥aÚ ×2­ ̈aøoÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥Í Ï § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ o±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a  ̈©± ¥·3· ̈­Ú
”fl»×”À” Ÿ–Õ Õ–¤¤‹ ”ø® Ÿ–Õ Õ°aao ­a ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 ­°aao fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ o¥ß ø1⁄2Æ±­­  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2o ø ̈ o ́¥¥ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ oao¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oaÚ ×o a¥±1⁄2· ̈ß ›¥ø3° ·­ 3ø°°ao  ̈± ø2 Œ›  ̈Æø2­3· ̈ ̈aÆ 1⁄2 ̧ø22a¥Ù  ̈ ̧a °øÆø3a ̈aÆ ©·¥¥ øo¶ ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a oø­ ̈a­ ̈ 1Æ± ́2o ­°aao øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a¥±1⁄2· ̈ß ›¥ø3° oaø ̈ ́ÆaÚ
Œfl“Ÿ¤ Œø21a ­a ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 o·­ ̈ø21⁄2a fl‘Ãfl 3øß o¥ß ø©øß oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a  ̧±3a °±·2 ̈ © ̧·¥a ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 3±oaÚ ×o  ̈ ̧a Æø21a ·­ a®1⁄2aaoao ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ 3±oaÙ  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ©·¥¥ ·¥¥ ́3·2ø ̈a © ̧· ̈aÚÍ Î § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# Œ¤Õ¤ÃÃ×“Ÿ fl‘Ãfl ...×⁄× –flÕÕ...—Œ‹

Ã± Æa­a ̈  ̈ ̧a ...·⁄· °ø­­©±ÆoÊ ÔÚ Õ·3 ́¥ ̈ø2a± ́­¥ßÊ
øÚ –Æa­­ ø2o  ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧a ­Ø ́øÆa Æa­a ̈ æ ́ ̈ ̈±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ–Õ  ́2· ̈ æÚ –±©aÆ ±2 fl‘Ãfl ÓÚ ÿ±¥o  ̈ ̧a Æa­a ̈ æ ́ ̈ ̈±2 o±Æ Ôð ­a1⁄2±2oÌÚ –±©aÆ 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a fl‘Ãfl —21⁄2a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ  ̈ ̧a ...·⁄· °ø­­©±Æo ©·¥¥ æa Æa3±TMaoÚ fl 2a© ±2a 1⁄2ø2  ̈ ̧a2 æa ­a ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°°ÚÍ Í § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# —–¤ŒflÃ×“Ÿ fl‘ÃflÍ È § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ⁄‘×ŸÿÃ ›—“ÃŒ—‘‘¤Œ ”—‹¤Õ

—–¤ŒflÃ×“Ÿ fl‘Ãfl fl‘Ãfl  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧Æaa °Æ·3øÆß o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 3±oa­Ê ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÙ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ”±oaÙ ø2o –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oaÚ Ã ̧aß øÆa ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧Ú fl‘Ãfl ø¥­±  ̧ø­  ̈©± a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 3±oa­Ù Œa ̈ ́Æ2ÛÃ±Ûÿ±3a ø2o fl ́ ̈±¥ø2oÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±2¥ß o ́Æ·21 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­Ú ⁄±Æ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ù ÆaoaÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æÛ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ aø1⁄2 ̧ a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 3±oaÚ



### ›flÀÃ×—“ fl¥©øß­ 2a ́ ̈Æø¥·¶a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2° ́ ̈­ © ̧a2 ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 æa ̈©aa2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 3±oa­Ú



# ”fl“Àfl‘ ”—‹¤ ×2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ±2¥ß ­ ̈øæ·¥·¶a · ̈­ ø ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oaÚ fl ̈ 2a ́ ̈Æø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2° ́ ̈  ̄3·oo¥a °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ °±­· ̈·±2 ̃Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± Æa3ø·2 ¥aTMa¥Ú Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈Ú 

# ÿ¤×ŸÿÃ ”—‹¤ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ”±oa 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ­ ̈·1⁄2μ æa ̧øTM·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±33ø2o 1⁄2¥·3æ ø2o oa­1⁄2a2 ̈ Æø ̈a­Ú Ã ̧a  ̧·1 ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ­ ̈·1⁄2μ °±­· ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a oø­ ̈aÆ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 1⁄2¥·3æÚ ›±2TMaÆ­a¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ­ ̈·1⁄2μ °±­· ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a oø­ ̈aÆ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ oa­1⁄2a2oÚ ... ̧a2  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ­ ̈·1⁄2μ ·­ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆaoÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ÿ±¥oÚ ×2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ÿ±¥oÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø  ̈øÆ1a ̈ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oa ø2o  ̈Æß  ̈± 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ oÆ·o ̈Ú ×o ø o·­ ̈ ́Ææø21⁄2a 3±TMa­ fl‘Ãfl ø©øß oÆ±3  ̈ ̧·­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oaÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 1⁄2¥·3æ ±Æ oa­1⁄2a2o  ̈± Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oaÚ 

# –—Õ×Ã×—“ ”—‹¤ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­  ̈ ̧a °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ÒÆ±¥¥ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ æa ̧øTM·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±33ø2o 1Æ± ́2o ­°aao­Ú–· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ oao¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±33ø2o o±ÆaÒ øo ̈ ø2o ¥ao ̈ÒÆ·1 ̧ ̈ 1Æ± ́2o ­°aaoÆa­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ßÚ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥·21 ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oa ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ·­  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ø­ ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ”±oaÚ ...· ̈ ̧ °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆaoÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ –±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥oÚ ×2 –±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥oÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 · ̈­ °±­· ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ ø 1·TMa2 °±·2 ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2o ø2o 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ o·­ ̈ ́Ææø21⁄2a­ÚÍ Ë § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ø ­ ̈Æ±21 Ÿ–Õ ­·12ø¥Ú ×o ø ©aøμ ­·12ø¥ ·­ °Æa­a2 ̈Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ a2 ̈aÆ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oaÙ ø2o ·o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ–Õ ­·12ø¥ oa1Æøoa­ © ̧·¥a ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oaÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ÆaTMaÆ ̈  ̈± ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ



### ›flÀÃ×—“

⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈  ́­·21 –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ·2 øÆaø­ ±o oa1Æøoao Ÿ–Õ ­·12ø¥Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ 2aøÆ æ ́·¥o·21­ ±Æ  ́2oaÆ oa2­a  ̈Æaa 1⁄2±TMaÆÙ ·­ 2± ̈ Æa1⁄2±33a2oaoÚ Ã ̧a ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2 ÆaTMaÆ­·±2  ̈± ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oa 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a  ́2a®°a1⁄2 ̈aoÙ øæÆ ́° ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­ ·2 o¥·1 ̧ ̈ æa ̧øTM·±ÆÚ



# Œ¤ÃÀŒ“ÛÃ—Ûÿ—”¤ Œa ̈ ́Æ2ÛÃ±Ûÿ±3a ”±oa ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±33ø2o fl‘Ãfl  ̈± o¥ß æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 °±·2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ oao·2ao ÿ±3a –±·2 ̈Ú ... ̧a2 fl‘Ãfl o·Æ­ ̈ ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æa­ ø Ÿ–Õ °±­· ̈·±2Ù · ̈ ­a ̈­  ̈ ̧·­ ø­  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a –±·2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ú Ã ̧a ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ±2 ß± ́Æ Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ 1⁄2ø2 ø¥­± æa  ́­ao  ̈± ­a ̈ ø 2a© ÿ±3a –±·2 ̈Ú Õaa  ̈ ̧a Œøo·± ”ø°°·21 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥ o±Æ 3±Æa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 ­a ̈ ̈·21  ́°  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧Ú ŒÃÿ 1⁄2ø2 æa ·2· ̈·ø ̈ao 3ø2 ́ø¥¥ß æß  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ±Æ æa ·2· ̈·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ‘—Õ aTMa2 ̈Ú ... ̧a2 ·2· ̈·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ o¥ß æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a –±·2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a ·o ø2 øoaØ ́ø ̈a ­·12ø¥ ·­ oa ̈a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ Ã ̧a °·¥± ̈ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø21⁄2a¥  ̈ ̧a ŒÃÿ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa æß 1⁄2±33ø2o·21 ø °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ±Æ Æ±¥¥ 1⁄2±33ø2o ±Æ æß Æa ̈ ́2·21  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3·oo¥a °±­· ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̈·TMø ̈a ŒÃÿ 3ø2 ́ø¥¥ßÚ ‹ ́Æ·21 ø2 ‘—Õ aTMa2 ̈Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ o·Æ­ ̈ 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ · ̈­ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oa ø1ø·2­ ̈ Õøoa ÿa·1 ̧ ̈Ú ×o · ̈ ·­ ¥±©aÆÙ · ̈ ©·¥¥ 1⁄2¥·3æ  ̈± Õøoa ÿa·1 ̧ ̈Ù ø2o ·o fl‘Ãfl ·­ øæ±TMa Õøoa ÿa·1 ̧ ̈Ù · ̈ ©·¥¥ Æa3ø·2 ø ̈ · ̈­ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oaÚ “a® ̈Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ o¥ß æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̧±3a °±­· ̈·±2 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ŒÃÿ Õ°aao ­a ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°°Ú ⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ  ́°±2 Æaø1⁄2 ̧·21  ̈ ̧a  ̧±3a °±­· ̈·±2Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ æa1·2 fl ́ ̈±¥ø2oÚÍ Á § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# flÀÃ—‘fl“‹
Ã ̧a fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±33ø2o fl‘Ãfl  ̈±  ̧±TMaÆ o±Æ Ôð ­a1⁄2±2o­ ø2o ©·¥¥  ̈ ̧a2 ¥ø2o ·2 °¥ø1⁄2aÚ ×o fl‘Ãfl ·­ øæ±TMa  ̈ ̧a ø°°Û1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æøæ¥a Õøoa ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ­a ̈ ̈·21Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥
oa­1⁄2a2 ̈ ©·¥¥ ­¥±©  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ‹a­1⁄2a2 ̈ Œø ̈aÚ fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ©·¥¥ ±2¥ß ·2· ̈·ø ̈a ·o ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ·­ 3a ̈Ê

‹ ́Æ·21 ‘±­­ ±o Õ·12ø¥  ̄‘—Õ ̃ ·o fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ·­ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ø­  ̈ ̧a ‘—Õ aTMa2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ø°° fl ̈  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o ø ‘—Õ Œa ̈ ́Æ2Û ̈±Ûÿ±3a aTMa2 ̈ fiø ̈ ̈aÆß a® ̧ø ́­ ̈·±2 © ̧·¥a o¥ß·21 ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 3±oa­ ±2¥ßÈ ð § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ÿ—”¤ Õ...×Ã›ÿ

Ã ̧a  ̧±3a ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧Æaa ­a ̈ ̈·21­Ù Õa ̈ ÿ±3aÙ ŒÃÿ —oo ø2o ŒÃÿ —2Ú
Õ¤Ã ÿ—”¤ ­a ̈ ̈·21 ø °±·2 ̈ ø©øß oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥·¶ø ̈·±2 °±·2 ̈Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ·o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ©aÆa ­ ̈øÆ ̈ao  ́2oaÆ2aø ̈ ̧ ø2 ±TMaÆ ̧ø21 ±Æ ø  ̈ÆaaÚ ”±3a2 ̈øÆ·¥ß 3±TM·21  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õa ̈ ÿ±3a °±­· ̈·±2 ­a ̈­ ø 2a©  ̧±3a °±·2 ̈Ú ... ̧a2 ø 2a©  ̧±3a °±·2 ̈ ·­ ­a ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ©·¥¥  ̈ ́Æ2 © ̧· ̈a  ̈± ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̧±3a °±·2 ̈ ©ø­ ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥¥ß ­a ̈Ú
ŒÃÿ —⁄⁄ Ã ̧·­ ·­  ̈ ̧a 2±Æ3ø¥ ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ °±­· ̈·±2 ø2o o±a­ 2± ̈ ·2· ̈·ø ̈a ø2 ŒÃÿ 1⁄2±33ø2oÚ
ŒÃÿ —“ Ã ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥¥ß ·2· ̈·ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a ŒÃÿ o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2Ú ×2 ø 3ø2 ́ø¥ ŒÃÿÙ  ̈ ̧a °·¥± ̈ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̧±3a °±·2 ̈ÚÈ Ô § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ‹×ÕflŒ” Õfl⁄¤Ã« Õ...×Ã›ÿ

Ã ̧a ‹·­øÆ3 Õøoa ̈ß Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø·o­ ·2 °ÆaTMa2 ̈·21 ø1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈ø¥ 3± ̈±Æ o·­øÆ3·21 © ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ·­ ·2 o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ø2o ·2 3ø2 ́ø¥ 3±oaÚ × ̈ 3øß æa 3ø°°ao  ̈± ø  ̈©± °±­· ̈·±2 ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧Ú Ã± ­a ̈  ́°  ̈ ̧a ‹·­øÆ3 Õøoa ̈ß Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧Ù ÆaoaÆ  ̈± ”ø°°·21 › ̧ø22a¥­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ ”ø2 ́ø¥Ú
Õ...×Ã›ÿ –—Õ×Ã×—“ ⁄À“›Ã×— “ Ô —2 Û ‹·­øÆ3·21 ·­ 2± ̈ °±­­·æ¥aÚ Ó —oo Û ‹·­øÆ3·21 ·­ °±­­·æ¥aÚÈ Ó § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ÕÃflÃÀÕ ‘×ŸÿÃ

Ã ̧a ÆaøÆÛoø1⁄2·21 Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o fl‘Ãfl ø­ · ̈ æ±± ̈­Ù øÆ3­ ø2o o¥·a­Ú Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21  ̈øæ¥a ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧a o·ooaÆa2 ̈ 3aø2·21­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a TMøÆ·± ́­ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ° ̧ø­a­Ú
⁄‘×ŸÿÃ –ÿflÕ¤ ‘×ŸÿÃ ›—‘— Œ ”¤fl“×“ Ÿ fi±± ̈·21 ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 Œao

ı ... ̧· ̈a ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ·­ æ±± ̈·21

Õ ̈ø2oæß ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 ... ̧· ̈a ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ·­ Æ ́22·21 ø2o o·­ÛøÆ3ao ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 Œao ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ·­ Æ ́22·21

ø2o 2± ̈ Æaøoß  ̈± øÆ3 Õ±¥·o Œao ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ æ±± ̈  ́2­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥ flÆ3ao —oo Œaøoß o±Æ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ Û ø¥¥ 3±oa­ Õ±¥·o Œao ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ø¥øÆ3 Û ‘ø2o ·33ao·ø ̈a¥ßˇ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ Û ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oa —oo “±3·2ø¥ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­“± aÆÆ±ÆÕ±¥·o ... ̧· ̈a — ́ ̈­·oa  ́­aÆÛoao·2ao Æø21aÙ

 ̧a·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ ­°aao ¥·3· ̈­È Ì § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ Û ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ÿ±¥o —oo “±3·2ø¥ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈  ̧±¥o ·2ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa Õ¥±© ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 ... ̧· ̈a ÿa·1 ̧ ̈  ̧±¥o ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 Œao ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ø¥øÆ3 Û ‘ø2o

·33ao·ø ̈a¥ßˇ

⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ Û –±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥o —oo “±3·2ø¥ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈  ̧±¥o ·2ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa –±­· ̈·±2  ̧±¥o ·2ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa Õ¥±© ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 ... ̧· ̈a ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ÿ±¥o ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥o fl1⁄2 ̈·TMa ⁄ø­ ̈ ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 ... ̧· ̈a ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ÿ±¥o ø2o –±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥o fl1⁄2 ̈·TMa ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 Œao ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ø¥øÆ3 Û ‘ø2o

·33ao·ø ̈a¥ßˇÈ Ï § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl‘flŒ”Õ

fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 2± ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a °·¥± ̈ ±o 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ø¥øÆ3­  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈Ú Ã ̧a­a ø¥øÆ3­ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a ø ­aÆ·± ́­ ·­­ ́a  ̧øTMa æaa2 ±æ­aÆTMao ·2  ̈ ̧a æa ̧øTM·±Æ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ·o 2± ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈ao  ́°±2 ·33ao·ø ̈a¥ßÙ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a ¥±­­ ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú “aTMaÆ 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ø o¥·1 ̧ ̈ © ̧a2 fl‘Ãfl ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­ ø2 ø¥øÆ3Ú
‹ ́Æ·21 ø2 ø¥øÆ3Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ©·¥¥  ̈ ́Æ2 ÆaoÚ



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ ×o fl‘Ãfl o·­°¥øß­ ø2 ø¥øÆ3Ù ¥ø2o ·33ao·ø ̈a¥ßÚÈ Î § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# —Œ×¤“ÃflÃ×—“ ‘×ŸÿÃÕ

fi—ÃÃ—” ×¤...
Ã ̧a æ±±3Ûa2o 3± ́2 ̈ao —Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ‘·1 ̧ ̈­ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o fl‘Ãfl ·2 o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 3± ̈±Æ ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 Õ°aao ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ­  ̄¤Õ›­ ̃ o ́Æ·21 ± ̈ ̧aÆ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ° ̧ø­a­Ú Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21  ̈øæ¥a ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧a o·ooaÆa2 ̈ 3aø2·21­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±¥±Æ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a TMøÆ·± ́­ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ° ̧ø­a­Ú
⁄‘×ŸÿÃ –ÿflÕ¤ ‘×ŸÿÃ ›—‘— Œ ”¤fl“×“ Ÿ fi±± ̈·21 fi¥ ́a ¤Õ› æ±± ̈·21 Õ ̈ø2oæß ⁄¥ø­ ̧·21 ŸÆaa2 ¤Õ› æ±± ̈ao 2±Æ3ø¥¥ß flÆ3ao À­aÆÛoao·2ao “±3·2ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ À­aÆÛoao·2ao “±3·2ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ⁄·Æ3©øÆa À°oø ̈a fi¥ ́a  ̈ ̧a2 «a¥¥±© ¤Õ› o·Æ3©øÆa ·­  ́°oø ̈·21È Í § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl‘Ãfl fl–– ”—“×Ã—Œ

Ã ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°° ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ 3±2· ̈±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·­°¥øß­ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ø2o  ̈ ̧a TMøÆ·± ́­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ fi±± ̈ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­ ·o  ̈ ̧a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ æ±± ̈·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥¥ßÚ fl2ß ·­­ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °ÆaTMa2 ̈ao ø 2±Æ3ø¥ æ±± ̈ øÆa ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̧aÆaÚ fiø ̈ ̈aÆßo·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a TM±¥ ̈ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a æø ̈ ̈aÆß °ø1⁄2μÚ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­o·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆÚ Œøo·± o·­°¥øß­ ·o  ̈ ̧a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ oa ̈a1⁄2 ̈­ ø Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ­·12ø¥Ú fl ‘—Õ  ̄‘±­­ —o Õ·12ø¥ ̃ ©øÆ2·21 ·­ o·­°¥øßao ·o 2± ­·12ø¥ ·­ °Æa­a2 ̈Ú Ÿ–Õ o·­°¥øß­ ·o Õ«“fl–Õ¤  ̧ø­ Æa­±¥TMao ø Ÿ–Õ o·® ±Æ 2± ̈Ú Õø ̈­ o·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o Ÿ–Õ ­ø ̈a¥¥· ̈a­ ·2 TM·a© ø2o æa·21 Æa1⁄2a·TMaoÚ ‘±1⁄2μo·­°¥øß­ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø °±­· ̈·±2 ¥±1⁄2μ ·­ ÆaøoßÙ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 ø TMø¥·o Ÿ–Õ o·® ø2o 1±±o  ̧aøo·21Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ ©·¥¥ ø¥¥±© ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 ·2 ̈± –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oaÚ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ o·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈  ̧a·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 3±oaÊ ”ø2 ́ø¥Ù øÆ·± ·o ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 3±oa ø2o 1⁄2¥·3æ·21 ±Æ oa­1⁄2a2o·21Ù ø2o ÿ±¥oÚ fl ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa o·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 3±oaÚ –±­· ̈·±2 o·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ °±­· ̈·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 3±oaÊ ”ø2 ́ø¥Ù a¥±1⁄2· ̈ß ·o ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 3±oa ø2o 3±TM·21 ø1⁄2Æ±­­  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2oÙ ø2o ÿ±¥o ›±3°ø­­ o·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°ø­­ ø2o ·o  ̈ ̧a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ æa¥·aTMa­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°ø­­ Æaøo·21­ øÆa 1±±o ±Æ æøoÚ ×o fiøoÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°ø­­ 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa Æa1⁄2ø¥·æÆø ̈·±2  ̄­aa  ̈ ̧a ›±3°ø­­ ›ø¥·æÆø ̈·±2 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥ ̃Ú Õ ̈ø ̈·±2 o·­°¥øß­ ·o fl‘Ãfl ·­ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß ±TMaÆ · ̈­ 1⁄2±33ø2oao °±­· ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2oÙ ±Æ ·o · ̈ ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈·21  ̈± o¥ß  ̈± · ̈Ú Ãa3° o·­°¥øß­  ̈ ̧a  ̈a3°aÆø ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ æ±øÆoÚÈ È § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ‹flÃfl ‘—ŸŸ×“Ÿ

fl‘Ãfl ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ¥±1­ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ oø ̈ø © ̧a2 fl‘Ãfl ·­ øÆ3ao o±Æ o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ú ‹ø ̈ø ·­ Æa1⁄2±Æoao ø­ ø Ú1⁄2­TM o·¥a ø ̈ ø Æø ̈a ±o ÓÎ ÿ¶ ±2 ø 3·1⁄2Æ±Õ‹ 1⁄2øÆo ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° ±o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ–ÕÒ›±3°ø­­ 3±o ́¥aÚ fl  ̈øæ¥a ±o Æa1⁄2±Æoao oø ̈ø ·­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2 fl°°a2o·® fiÚÈ Ë § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# “—Œ”fl‘ –Œ—›¤‹ÀŒ¤ÕÈ Á § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# À“–fl›’×“Ÿ fl“‹ Õ¤ÃÀ–

ÔÚ fl·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ Œ¤”— ¤ oÆ±3 1⁄2ø­a ÓÚ –Æ±° °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ Œ¤”— ¤ ÌÚ fi±±3 Æa ̈a2 ̈·±2 1⁄2¥·°­ ÕÃ—... ÏÚ fi±±3­ À“⁄—‘‹ ÎÚ fi±±3 ¥ø ̈1⁄2 ̧a­ ‘—›’ ÍÚ Œa1⁄2a·TMaÆ­ ø2o ©·Æ·21 ›ÿ¤›’ ÈÚ ×­±¥ø ̈±Æ 1⁄2øÆ ̈Æ·o1a­ Õ¤‘¤›Ã ø2o ×“ÕÃfl‘‘ ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ËÚ –øß¥±øo 3± ́2 ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ›—“⁄×ŸÀŒ¤ ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ Ã± ­a ̈  ́° fl‘Ãfl o±Æ o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ù Æa3±TMa · ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a ø2o Æa3±TMa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±° °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ú Õ ̈±©  ̈ ̧a ­·® æ±±3 Æa ̈a2 ̈·±2 1⁄2¥·°­ æß o±¥o·21  ̈ ̧a3 o±©2Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2¥·°­ ±2¥ß o±¥o ·2 ±2a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o øÆa ­°Æ·21Û¥±øoao  ̈± ­ ̈øß ·2 ±°a2 ø2o 1⁄2¥±­ao oa ̈a2 ̈ao °±­· ̈·±2­Ú À2o±¥o·21  ̈ ̧a æ±±3­ ·­ 3±­ ̈ aø­·¥ß ø1⁄21⁄2±3°¥·­ ̧ao æß  ́2o±¥o·21 ±°°±­· ̈a °ø·Æ­ °øÆ ̈·ø¥¥ßÚ Ã ̧a2  ́2o±¥o  ̈ ̧a ±°°±­· ̈a æ±±3 °ø·Æ­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a¥ßÚ fl‘Ãfl 1⁄2ø2 æa1⁄2±3a  ́2æø¥ø21⁄2ao © ̧·¥a  ́2o±¥o·21 æ±±3­ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥¥ßÙ ­±  ́2o±¥o·21 ±°°±­· ̈a °ø·Æ­ Æao ́1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧·­ °±­­·æ·¥· ̈ßÚ —21⁄2a  ́2o±¥oaoÙ ° ́­ ̧ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ±±3 ¥ø ̈1⁄2 ̧a­  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧aß ø ́o·æ¥ß 1⁄2¥·1⁄2μÙ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a æ±±3­ øÆa ­a1⁄2 ́ÆaÚ Ã ̧aÆa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa ¥· ̈ ̈¥a  ̈± 2± ­¥±° ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̧·21aÚ › ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2a·TMaÆ­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2a·TMaÆ­ øÆa ­a1⁄2 ́ÆaÚ ⁄±Æ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 ·2­ ̈ø¥¥·21 ·­±¥ø ̈±Æ 1⁄2øÆ ̈Æ·o1a­ ø2o ­a ̈ ̈·21  ́° °øß¥±øo 3± ́2 ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù ÆaoaÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ×­±¥ø ̈±Æ ›øÆ ̈Æ·o1a­ ø2o ›±2o·1 ́Æ·21 Ã±° ±Æ fi± ̈ ̈±3 ”± ́2 ̈ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥ÚË ð § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fi¤⁄—Œ¤ ÕÃflŒÃ×“Ÿ

ÔÚ –øß¥±øo Õ¤›ÀŒ¤‹ ÓÚ ×­±¥ø ̈±Æ ›øÆ ̈Æ·o1a­ ¤Œ×⁄« Õ¤›ÀŒ¤ ÌÚ 3·1⁄2Æ±Õ‹ ›øÆo ×“ÕÃfl‘‘¤‹ ÏÚ –Æ±°­ ›ÿ¤›’ ›—“‹×Ã×—“Ù ¤Œ×⁄« Ã×ŸÿÃ ÎÚ –Æ±° ÿ ́æ­ ¤Œ×⁄« Õ¤›ÀŒ¤ ÍÚ ”± ̈±Æ­ ›ÿ¤›’ ›—“‹×Ã×—“ ÈÚ Œøo·± ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ —“Ù ¤Œ×⁄« Ã» fiflÃÃ ËÚ Œøo·± ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ”±oa¥ Õ¤‘¤›ÃÁÚ fl·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ –¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ fl...fl« oÆ±3 °a±°¥a ø2o ±æ­ ̈ø1⁄2¥aÔðÚ fiø ̈ ̈aÆß –ø1⁄2μ ±¥ ̈ø1a ¤Œ×⁄« flfi— ¤ ÓÏ ÔÔÚ fiø ̈ ̈aÆß –ø1⁄2μ­ Õ¤›ÀŒ¤ ÔÓÚ fiø ̈ ̈aÆß ‘aøo­ ›ÿ¤›’ ›—“‹×Ã×—“ ø2o ›—““¤›Ã ÔÌÚ fl·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ’¤¤– ÕÃflÃ×—“flŒ« ÔÏÚ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ×“×Ã×fl‘×Æ¤‹ ÔÎÚ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ¤Œ×⁄« Õ‘—... ⁄‘flÕÿ×“Ÿ ...ÿ×Ã¤ ÔÍÚ —Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ‘·1 ̧ ̈­ ¤Œ×⁄« ⁄‘flÕÿ×“Ÿ ŸŒ¤¤“ ÔÈÚ Œa1⁄2a·TMaÆ­ ¤Œ×⁄« fi—À“‹ ÔËÚ fl‘Ãfl fl°° ›—““¤›Ã ÔÁÚ fl‘Ãfl fl°° ”±2· ̈±Æ ¤Œ×⁄« “— ...flŒ“×“ŸÕ ÓðÚ ›±3°ø­­ ›ø¥·æÆø ̈·±2 flÕ Œ¤œÀ×Œ¤‹ ÓÔÚ Œøo·± ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ Œø21a › ̧a1⁄2μ flÕ Œ¤œÀ×Œ¤‹ 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ › ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °øß¥±øo ·­ ­a1⁄2 ́Æa æß 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Ã±øo ×2 Ã ̧a ÿ±¥a Ø ́·1⁄2μ Æa¥aø­a ¥aTMaÆ ·­ ° ́­ ̧ao ·2Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °øß¥±øo o±a­ 2± ̈ ­¥·°Ú › ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ·­±¥ø ̈±Æ 1⁄2øÆ ̈Æ·o1a­ øÆa ¥±1⁄2μao ·2 °¥ø1⁄2aÙ a­°a1⁄2·ø¥¥ß ·o  ̈ ̧aß  ̧øTMa æaa2 Æa1⁄2a2 ̈¥ß Æa°¥ø1⁄2aoÚ fl 3·1⁄2Æ±Õ‹ 1⁄2øÆo ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ–ÕÒ›±3°ø­­ 3±o ́¥a o±Æ Æa¥·øæ¥a 1⁄2±3°ø­­ ­a2­·21 ø2o oø ̈ø ¥±11·21Ú Ã ̧a æ¥øoa­ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μao o±Æ oø3ø1aÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 2·1⁄2μ­ ø2o ­1⁄2Æø°a­Ú ×o ø °Æ±°  ̧ø­ æaa2 2·1⁄2μao a2± ́1 ̧ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ 1⁄2ø ̈1⁄2 ̧a­ ø o·21aÆ2ø·¥Ù · ̈ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2aoÚ fi±¥ ̈  ̈·1 ̧ ̈2a­­ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μao æß Æ± ̈ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a æ¥øoa øæ± ́ ̈ · ̈­ ¥a21 ̈ ̧  ̄æ¥øoa °· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ́° ø2o o±©2 ̃Ú Ã ̧aÆa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa 2± ­¥±°Ù ø2o ·o  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­Ù  ̈ ̧a æ±¥ ̈ ø2o 2 ́ ̈ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa  ̈·1 ̧ ̈a2ao  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a ­¥±° ·­ Æa3±TMaoÚ Ã ̧aÆa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa 2± ­¥±° æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°  ̧ ́æ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±ÆÚË Ô § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ ”± ̈±Æ­ ­ ̧± ́¥o ­°·2 oÆaa¥ßÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧aÆa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa 2± 1Æ·2o·21 ±Æ ­1⁄2Æø°·21 ­± ́2o oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±ÆÚ Ã ̧a ·2­·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa oÆaa ±o oaæÆ·­Ú fl¥©øß­  ̈ ́Æ2 ±2  ̈ ̧a Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ æao±Æa °¥ ́11·21 ·2 fl‘ÃflÚ ⁄±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a æø ̈ ̈aÆß ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 1 ́·oø21⁄2a ·2  ̈ ̧a fiø ̈ ̈aÆß ×2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥ o±Æ æø ̈ ̈aÆß ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú ... ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ·2· ̈·ø¥·¶a­Ù μaa°  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ø­ ­ ̈øæ¥a ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÚ ...ao1·21 ø o±ø3 °Æ±° °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈±Æ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈·±2øÆß 1·3æø¥ ±Æ ¥ø2o·21 1aøÆ ø2o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl oÆø3a 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao  ̈± ­ ̈øæ·¥·¶a fl‘Ãfl oÆ±3 ­°·22·21 o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú



### “—Ã¤ ×o fl‘Ãfl 3±TMa­ o ́Æ·21 ·2· ̈·ø¥·¶ø ̈·±2Ù · ̈ 3øß 2± ̈ æ±± ̈ °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ø2o ©·¥¥ oø·¥  ̈± ­ ̈øÆ ̈ ±Æ 2± ̈ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2  ̧aøo·21Ú
... ̧a2 · ̈ ·­ ·3°±­­·æ¥a  ̈± ·2· ̈·ø¥·¶a fl‘Ãfl ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈  ̄­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ æ±± ̈·21 ±2 ø æ±ø ̈ ̃Ù ”± ̈·±2 fi±± ̈·21 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­aoÚ × ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ Æa1⁄2±33a2oao  ̈±  ́­a ”± ̈·±2 fi±± ̈·21 Æa1 ́¥øÆ¥ß ­·21⁄2a · ̈ æß°ø­­a­ aÆÆ±Æ 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­a­Ú ‹ ́Æ·21 ·2· ̈·ø¥·¶ø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ©·¥¥ Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß o¥ø­ ̧ ø ­aØ ́a21⁄2a ±o Æao ø2o © ̧· ̈a ¥·1 ̧ ̈­Ú fl ̈  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù · ̈ ©·¥¥ æa1·2 ­¥±© o¥ø­ ̧·21 © ̧· ̈aÙ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 Õ«“fl–Õ¤ ·­ Æaøoß o±Æ øÆ3·21Ú Ã ̧a —Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ‘·1 ̧ ̈­ ©·¥¥ ø¥­± æa1·2 o¥ø­ ̧·21 1Æaa2Ú aÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ­·® 3± ̈±Æ­ øÆa o¥ø­ ̧·21 1Æaa2Ù ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 ø¥¥ ¤Õ›­ ·2· ̈·ø¥·¶ao ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥¥ßÚ aÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ©øÆ2·21­ æß 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈± fl‘Ãfl TM·ø  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ø°° ø2o 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ·21 ±2 · ̈­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a fl°°Ú ⁄±Æ 3±Æa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ù ­aa  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°° ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥ÚË Ó § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fi¤⁄—Œ¤ Ãfl’¤—⁄⁄

ÔÚ –Æ±° flÆaø ›‘¤flŒ ÓÚ ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ”fl“Àfl‘ ÌÚ ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ›¤“Ã¤Œ –—Õ×Ã×—“ ÏÚ Œøo·± ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ¤Œ×⁄« ›—ŒŒ¤›Ã ”—‹¤‘ ÎÚ Ãa¥a3a ̈Æß  ̄·o aØ ́·°°ao ̃ ›ÿ¤›’ —–¤ŒflÃ×—“ ÍÚ fl‘Ãfl flŒ” ÈÚ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ¤Œ×⁄« —⁄⁄ ËÚ —Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ‘·1 ̧ ̈­ ¤Œ×⁄« ÀÕ¤ŒÛ‹¤⁄×“¤‹ ›—‘—Œ ÁÚ ”± ̈±Æ­ ÕÃflŒÃ ø2o ¤Œ×⁄« —–¤ŒflÃ×—“ ÔðÚ ⁄¥·1 ̧ ̈ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥­ ¤Œ×⁄« ›—ŒŒ¤›Ã ÔÔÚ Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a fl‹ fl“›¤ ÔÓÚ ‹·­øÆ3 Õøoa ̈ß —“ 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ –Æ·±Æ  ̈± ­ ̈øÆ ̈Ù 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ­ ́ÆÆ± ́2o·21 øÆaø  ̈± a2­ ́Æa °a±°¥a ø2o ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa 1⁄2¥aøÆ ±o fl‘Ãfl ø2o · ̈­ °Æ±°­Ú fl¥­± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± °a±°¥a ±Æ ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ

±Æ oaø ̈ ̧ ±Æ 1⁄2ø ́­a oø3ø1a  ̈± ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­ © ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧aß øÆa Æ± ̈ø ̈·21Ú fl¥©øß­ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a øÆaø ­ ́ÆÆ± ́2o·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°­ ø2o fl‘Ãfl ·­

fl‘Ãfl 1⁄2ø2 ±2¥ß æa øÆ3ao o±Æ o¥·1 ̧ ̈ © ̧a2 · ̈ ·­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ·­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 3·oo¥a °±­· ̈·±2Ú Ã± øÆ3Ù  ̧±¥o o ́¥¥ ¥±©  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ø2o o ́¥¥ ¥ao ̈ ßø©Ú



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ ‹± 2± ̈ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ fl‘Ãfl © ̧·¥a · ̈ ·­ øÆ3aoÚ

Ã± ­ ̈øÆ ̈  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ­Ù  ̧±¥o o ́¥¥ ¥±©  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ø2o o ́¥¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈ ßø©Ú ¤2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ­ øÆa ­°·22·21Ú ’aa°  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ °±­· ̈·±2 ø2o 3±TMa  ̈ ̧a °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ÙË Ì § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ Æ±¥¥ ø2o ßø© 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­ ­¥·1 ̧ ̈¥ßÚ fl‘Ãfl ­ ̧± ́¥o °· ̈1⁄2 ̧Ù Æ±¥¥ ø2o ßø© ­¥·1 ̧ ̈¥ß o ́a  ̈± ·­±¥ø ̈±Æ 1⁄2øÆ ̈Æ·o1a o¥a®Ú ¤2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl æa ̧øTMa­ ø­ a®°a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ ×o · ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈Ù ­ ̧ ́ ̈o±©2 fl‘Ãfl ø2o a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°­ øÆa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú



### ›flÀÃ×—“ ‹± 2± ̈ 3øμa ¥øÆ1a ßø© 1⁄2±33ø2o­ © ̧·¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2o ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ·2TMaÆ ̈ao ¥ø2o·21 1aøÆ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥aoÚ ‘øÆ1a ßø© 1⁄2±33ø2o­ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2ø ́­a ·2­ ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ

flo ̈aÆ 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ·21 o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù øoTMø21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ø  ̧±TMaÆÚ Ã ́Æ2 ±2  ̈ ̧a ‹·­øÆ3 Õøoa ̈ß  ̈± °ÆaTMa2 ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈ø¥ 3± ̈±Æ ­ ̈±°­ © ̧·¥a o¥ß·21Ú



### ›flÀÃ×—“ —2¥ß  ̈øμa ±oo ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ fl ̈ ̈a3° ̈·21  ̈±  ̈øμa ±oo ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa­ 3øß 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈±  ̈·° ±TMaÆÚË Ï § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl⁄Ã¤Œ ¤ ¤Œ« ⁄‘×ŸÿÃ

ÔÚ ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ”fl“Àfl‘ ÓÚ ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ›¤“Ã¤Œ –—Õ×Ã×—“ ÌÚ ‹·­øÆ3 Õøoa ̈ß Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ —⁄⁄ ÏÚ ¤Õ›­ ø2o ”± ̈±Æ­ ‹×ÕflŒ” ø2o ÕÃ—– ÎÚ —Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ‘·1 ̧ ̈­ ¤Œ×⁄« ⁄‘flÕÿ×“Ÿ ŸŒ¤¤“ ÍÚ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘¤‹ ¤Œ×⁄« Õ‘—... ⁄‘flÕÿ×“Ÿ ...ÿ×Ã¤ ÈÚ fl‘Ãfl fl°° ›ÿ¤›’ o±Æ ©øÆ2·21­ ËÚ fiø ̈ ̈aÆ·a­ ‹×Õ›—““¤›Ã ø2o Œ¤”— ¤ ÁÚ Œøo·± ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ –±©aÆ flÕ Œ¤œÀ×Œ¤‹ ÔðÚ fl·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ›±2o· ̈·±2 ×“Õ–¤›Ã ÔÔÚ ”± ̈±Æ ø2o –Æ±° ›±2o· ̈·±2 ×“Õ–¤›Ã ÔÓÚ fiø ̈ ̈aÆß ›±2o· ̈·±2 ×“Õ–¤›Ã 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ –Æ·±Æ  ̈± ¥ø2o·21Ù ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ



### ›flÀÃ×—“ —2¥ß ¥ø2o ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ fl ̈ ̈a3° ̈·21  ̈± ¥ø2o ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa­ 3øß 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈±  ̈·° ±TMaÆÚ

À°±2 ¥ø2o·21Ù o·­øÆ3  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ­ æß  ̧±¥o·21 o ́¥¥ ¥±©  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ø2o o ́¥¥ ¥ao ̈ ßø©Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß o±2a ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥ao ̈ Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ ̈·1⁄2μ æß 3±TM·21 · ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ¥ao ̈ 1⁄2±Æ2aÆ ©· ̈ ̧ 3±oa Ó 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ­Ú ‹·­øÆ3·21 1⁄2ø2 ±2¥ß æa o±2a © ̧·¥a ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a ‹·­øÆ3 Õøoa ̈ß  ̈± ±oo  ̈± ø¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ­  ̈± ­ ̈±°Ú —21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ­ øÆa ­ ̈±°°ao ø2o o·­øÆ3aoÙ  ̈ ̧a —Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈­ ©·¥¥ o¥ø­ ̧ 1Æaa2 ø2o  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ©·¥¥ ­¥±©¥ß o¥ø­ ̧ © ̧· ̈aÙ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 · ̈ ·­ ­øoa  ̈± ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ fl‘ÃflÚ



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ —2¥ß ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ fl‘Ãfl øo ̈aÆ 1⁄2±2o·Æ3·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ o·­øÆ3ao æß TMaÆ·oß·21  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ø2o —Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ‘·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±¥±Æ­ÚË Î § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ Ã ̧a o±©2©ø­ ̧ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°­ 1⁄2ø2 o·­ ̈ ́Ææ oaæÆ·­Ú Ã ̧·­ oaæÆ·­ 1⁄2ø2 æa ·21a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°­ ±Æ 3± ̈±Æ­ ø2o 1⁄2ø ́­a oø3ø1aÚ flo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ù a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± oø3ø1a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°­ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ­ ­ ̈·¥¥ ­°·2 oÆaa¥ß ø2o Ø ́·a ̈¥ßÚ Ãøμa a® ̈Æø 1⁄2øÆa © ̧a2 ±°aÆø ̈·21 ·2 øÆaø­ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥øÆ1a ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o oaæÆ·­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ·2 ­ø2oÙ o·Æ ̈Ù ±Æ 1ÆøTMa¥Ú

·2 ̈aÆTMø¥­ ±Æ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚË Í § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl⁄Ã¤Œ ‘flÕÃ ⁄‘×ŸÿÃ

ÔÚ –Æ±°­ ⁄—‘‹ ø2o –‘fl›¤ ·2¥·2a ©· ̈ ̧ æ±±3­ ÓÚ –Æ±° –Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ×“ÕÃfl‘‘ ÌÚ fi±±3 ‘ø ̈1⁄2 ̧a­ À“‘—›’ ÏÚ fi±±3­ ⁄—‘‹ ÎÚ fi±±3 Œa ̈a2 ̈·±2 ›¥·°­ ¤»Ã¤“‹ ÍÚ –øß¥±øo Œ¤”— ¤ ÈÚ fl‘Ãfl ×“Õ¤ŒÃ ·2 ̈± 1⁄2ø­a 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ –ø1⁄2μ·21 fl‘Ãfl ·­ ­·3·¥øÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ́2°ø1⁄2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ’aa°·21 fl‘Ãfl ±2  ̈ ̧a °øß¥±øo ±Æ ¥ø2o·21 1aøÆ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø­ fl‘Ãfl 3øß æa  ̈ ́Æ2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a Ã±øo ×2 Ã ̧a ÿ±¥a øoø° ̈aÆ © ̧·¥a o±¥o·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°­ ø2o æ±±3­Ú ”øμa ­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̧ø2o¥a ·­ ø¥·12ao oÆ±2 ̈Û ̈±Ûæø1⁄2μ © ̧a2 ° ́ ̈ ̈·21 fl‘Ãfl ·2  ̈ ̧a ·21⁄2¥ ́oao 1⁄2ø­aÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æø ̈ ̈aÆß ¥aøo­ øÆa oø1⁄2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æ·1 ̧ ̈ÚË È § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ¤”¤ŒŸ¤“›« –Œ—›¤‹ÀŒ¤ÕË Ë § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ¤”¤ŒŸ¤“›« ŸÀ×‹fl“›¤

Ã ̧a a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 øÆa  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±33a2oao °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­ o±Æ  ̧ø2o¥·21  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈ ±o ø2 ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ a3aÆ1a21⁄2ßÚ Ã ̧·­ 1 ́·oø21⁄2a ­ ̧± ́¥o æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø2o ø°°¥·ao ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÚ Ã ̧a Æ·­μ ±o ø2 a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́ÆÆ·21 1⁄2ø2 æa Æao ́1⁄2ao ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥¥ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ °Æ±°aÆ ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2aÙ æß °aÆo±Æ3·21  ̈ ̧±Æ± ́1 ̧ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ æao±Æa ø2o øo ̈aÆ ø¥¥ o¥·1 ̧ ̈­Ù ø2o ©· ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆao ́¥ °ÆaÛo¥·1 ̧ ̈ °¥ø22·21Ú ¤3aÆ1a21⁄2ß ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­ øÆa oß2ø3·1⁄2 aTMa2 ̈­Ù ø2o 2± ̈ ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±Æ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ 1⁄2ø2 æa ø2 ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈ao ±Æ ø°°¥·ao o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a­a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ øÆa 2± ̈ ø ­ ́æ­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a o±Æ  ̈ ̧±Æ± ́1 ̧  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o·21 ±o ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ­ß­ ̈a3­ ø2o ­± ́2o °·¥± ̈ ¶ ́o13a2 ̈Ú ×2 1a2aÆø¥Ù ·o ø2 a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ­Ù  ̈ ̧Æaa æø­·1⁄2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2ø2 æa ø°°¥·ao  ̈± 3±­ ̈ ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­Ê ”ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ Û Õ3ø¥¥ a3aÆ1a21⁄2·a­ 1⁄2ø2 Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß a­1⁄2ø¥ø ̈a ·o  ̈ ̧a °·¥± ̈ ·­ o·­ ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ao ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈·21  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ±Æ  ̈Æ± ́æ¥a­ ̧±± ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æ¥a3Ú fl¥©øß­ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 TM·­ ́ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ o ́Æ·21 ø2 a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ¥·μa¥· ̧±±o ±o o·­±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú fl2ø¥ß¶a  ̈ ̧a ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2 Û —21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ·­ ­ ̈øæ·¥·¶aoÙ æa1·2  ̈± ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß ·o °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2ø¥Ú Ãøμa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 Û ×2 3ø2ß 1⁄2ø­a­Ù  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©·¥¥ æa  ̈± ¥ø2o  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÚ fl¥©øß­ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­øoa ̈ß ±o ß± ́Æ­a¥o ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ­ æao±Æa ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈·21  ̈± ­øTMa  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ·2 ø2 a3aÆ1a21⁄2ßÚË Á § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ÕÃflÃÀÕ ‘×ŸÿÃ ...flŒ“×“Ÿ ×“‹×›flÃ—Œ ×‘‘À”×“flÃ¤Õ

ÔÚ ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ”fl“Àfl‘ ÓÚ fl‘Ãfl ‘fl“‹ ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥a ÌÚ fl‘Ãfl fl°° —–¤“ ”—“×Ã—Œ 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ ...øÆ2·21­ øÆa o·­°¥øßao ·o  ̈ ̧a o¥·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ø 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 °Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 øoTMaÆ­a¥ß øooa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ­øoa ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ú Ã ̧aß øÆa ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ́Æ2·21 ÆaoÚ × ̈ ·­ ø¥©øß­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oao  ̈± ¥ø2o ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥a © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­ ø ©øÆ2·21 ø2o ·2TMa­ ̈·1ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æ¥a3 © ̧·¥a fl‘Ãfl ·­ ±2  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2oÚÁ ð § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# –×‘—Ã ‹×Õ—Œ×¤“ÃflÃ×—“

ÔÚ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ×2° ́ ̈­ “¤ÀÃŒfl‘×Æ¤ ÓÚ ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ –—Õ×Ã×—“ ÌÚ «ø© “—Õ¤ fl...fl« ÏÚ Œ±¥¥ ¤Œ×⁄« ‹×Œ¤›Ã×—“ 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ Œa1ø·2·21 ­°ø ̈·ø¥ ±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø­ Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß ø­ °±­­·æ¥a ·­ 3±­ ̈ ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈Ú ×2 o·­±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2° ́ ̈­ ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ 1·TMa  ̈ ̧a a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao Æa­ ́¥ ̈Ù ­± 2a ́ ̈Æø¥·¶a  ̈ ̧a3Ú ×o ø 1±±o Ÿ–Õ ­·12ø¥ ·­ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ a2øæ¥a –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ­± fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ ­ ̈øß ·2 ø ±2a °¥ø1⁄2aÚ À­a ßø© ±2¥ß  ̈± Æa±Æ·a2 ̈ fl‘Ãfl ­±  ̈ ̧a 2±­a ·­ °±·2 ̈ao ø©øßÙ  ̈ ̧a2  ́­a  ̈ ̧a Æ±¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o fl‘ÃflÚÁ Ô § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# À“¤»–¤›Ã¤‹ ⁄‘×ŸÿÃ ›—“ÃŒ—‘‘¤Œ fi¤ÿfl ×—Œ

ÔÚ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ×2° ́ ̈­ “¤ÀÃŒfl‘×Æ¤ ÓÚ ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ”fl“Àfl‘ ×o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æ¥a3 °aÆ­·­ ̈­ ÌÚ fl‘Ãfl ‘fl“‹ ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥a 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ ×o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl æa ̧øTMa­  ́2a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao¥ßÙ 2a ́ ̈Æø¥·¶a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2° ́ ̈­ ø2o ±æ­aÆTMa fl‘ÃflÚ ×o · ̈ ·­ ­ ̈·¥¥ o¥ß·21 ·2 ø2  ́21⁄2±33ø2oao 3ø22aÆÙ ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ”ø2 ́ø¥ 3±oa ·o · ̈ ·­ ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 3±oa­Ú ×2 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2ø­a­Ù  ́2a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao æa ̧øTM·±Æ ·­ o ́a  ̈± aÆÆ±2a± ́­ ­a2­±Æ Æaøo·21­Ù ±Æ oa1Æøoao Ÿ–Õ ­·12ø¥ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a æa ̧øTM·±Æ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́ÆÆao © ̧·¥a ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ 3±oaÙ ¥ø2o ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥a ø2o 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°° o±Æ ø2ß ©øÆ2·21­ÚÁ Ó § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fiflÃÃ¤Œ« ¤»ÿflÀÕÃ×—“

×o æø ̈ ̈aÆß 1⁄2a¥¥ TM±¥ ̈ø1a ·­ æa¥±© ‘ø2o ±¥ ̈ø1aÙ ø2o ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oaÚ ÔÚ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ×¥¥ ́3·2ø ̈a­ Æao  ̄­±¥·o ±Æ æ¥·2μ·21 ̃ ÓÚ fl‘Ãfl ‘fl“‹ ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥a
×o æø ̈ ̈aÆß 1⁄2a¥¥ TM±¥ ̈ø1a ·­ æa¥±© ‘ø2o ±¥ ̈ø1a ø2o ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ÔÚ fl‘Ãfl fia1·2­ fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ÓÚ –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Œ±¥¥ ”fl“¤À ¤Œ ø©øß oÆ±3 °a±°¥a ±Æ ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ ×o  ̈ ̧a æø ̈ ̈aÆß 1⁄2a¥¥ TM±¥ ̈ø1a oÆ±°­ æa¥±©  ̈ ̧a fl¥øÆ3 ±¥ ̈ø1aÙ  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ‘·1 ̧ ̈ ©·¥¥  ̈ ́Æ2 ­±¥·o Æao ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÙ ±Æ  ̈ ́Æ2 æ¥·2μ·21 Æao ·o  ̧±¥o·21 °±­· ̈·±2 ±Æ ø¥ ̈· ̈ ́oaÚ ÃaÆ3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a o¥·1 ̧ ̈ ø2o ¥ø2o ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÚ ×2  ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2a¥¥ TM±¥ ̈ø1a oÆ±°­ æa¥±©  ̈ ̧a ‘ø2o ±¥ ̈ø1aÙ ø2o ·­ ·2 ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ±Æ –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oaÙ fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ æa1·2  ̈± ø ́ ̈± ¥ø2oÚ ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥ 1⁄2±33ø2o­ øÆa ­ ̈·¥¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·TMaÚ ‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a fl‘Ãfl ·­ oa­1⁄2a2o·21Ù  ́­a °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥  ̈± øTM±·o °a±°¥a ±Æ ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a oa­1⁄2a2 ̈ ø2o ¥ø2o·21Ú fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ·o · ̈ ·­ ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±oaÚ ⁄ ́¥¥  ̈ ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß ·­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °·¥± ̈ ·2 ø æø ̈ ̈aÆß a® ̧ø ́­ ̈·±2 aTMa2 ̈ÚÁ Ì § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ‘—ÕÕ —⁄ Œfl‹×— ›—“ÃŒ—‘ Õ×Ÿ“fl‘

ÔÚ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ fiø ̈ ̈aÆß ›ÿ¤›’ ÓÚ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ fl2 ̈a22ø Œ¤–—Õ×Ã×—“ ÌÚ ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ –—Õ×Ã×—“ ÏÚ ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ Œ¤ÃÀŒ“ÛÃ—Ûÿ—”¤ 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“ ‘±­­ ±o Õ·12ø¥  ̄‘—Õ ̃ 1⁄2ø2 ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ·o  ̈ ̧a Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ ­ ̈±°­  ̈Æø2­3· ̈ ̈·21 ø ­·12ø¥Ù ±Æ ·o fl‘Ãfl ·­  ̈±± oøÆ ø©øß  ̈± Æa1⁄2a·TMa · ̈Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈ fl‘Ãfl oa ̈a1⁄2 ̈­ ø ‘—ÕÙ · ̈ ©·¥¥ ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ø Œa ̈ ́Æ2Û ̈±Ûÿ±3a ±Æ fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ø­ 1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æao ·2  ̈ ̧a fl°°Ú ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ · ̈ ·­ ø¥©øß­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oao  ̈± ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± Æa1ø·2 ­·12ø¥ ¥·2μ ©· ̈ ̧ fl‘Ãfl  ̈± μaa°  ̈ ̧a °·¥± ̈ ·2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú ”±TMa  ̈ ̧a ø2 ̈a22ø ±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ æa­ ̈ ­·12ø¥ ­ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧Ú ¤2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­3· ̈ ̈aÆ ø2 ̈a22ø 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧a­  ̈ ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2a·TMaÆ ø2 ̈a22øaÚ ”±TMa  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­3· ̈ ̈aÆ ø©øß oÆ±3 ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± 1a ̈ ø 1⁄2¥aøÆ ¥·2aÛ±oÛ­·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± fl‘ÃflÚ Õa ̈ ́°  ̈ ̧a ”±oa ø2o ÿ±3a ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧a­  ̈± a2øæ¥a Œa ̈ ́Æ2ÛÃ±Ûÿ±3a ­± fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a  ̈± ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 °±·2 ̈ ø2o  ̧øTMa ø  ̧·1 ̧aÆ ¥·μa¥· ̧±±o ±o Æa1ø·2·21 ­·12ø¥ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2Ú



### “—Ã¤ ×o aoo±Æ ̈­  ̈± Æa1ø·2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­·12ø¥ øÆa  ́2­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥Ù fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ æa1·2  ̈ ̧a Œa ̈ ́Æ2ÛÃ±Ûÿ±3a ø2o fl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ­aØ ́a21⁄2aÚÁ Ï § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ‘—ÕÕ —⁄ ⁄– Õ×Ÿ“fl‘

ÔÚ ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ×2° ́ ̈­ flÕ Œ¤œÀ×Œ¤‹ ÓÚ ·­ ́ø¥ ›±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ¤ÕÃflfi‘×Õÿ ÌÚ fl‘Ãfl –—Õ×Ã×—“ o±Æ ±° ̈·3ø¥ ­·12ø¥ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2
×o TM·­ ́ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ ⁄– ­·12ø¥ ·­ 2± ̈ Æaa­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ÔÚ ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ –—Õ×Ã×—“ ÓÚ ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ Œ¤ÃÀŒ“ Ã— ÿ—”¤ ÌÚ Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a flÕ Œ¤œÀ×Œ¤‹ 

# fl”–‘×⁄×›flÃ×—“fl2 ⁄– ‘±­­ ±o Õ·12ø¥  ̄‘—Õ ̃ 1⁄2ø2 ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ·o  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ o¥·a­ ± ́ ̈ ±o Æø21aÙ ±Æ ·o · ̈ o¥·aæa ̧·2o ø2 ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2 ̈aÆÆ ́° ̈­  ̈ ̧a ­·12ø¥ ¥·2a ±o ­·1 ̧ ̈Ú Œa1ø·2·21 TM·­ ́ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧a °ÆaoaÆÆao 3a ̈ ̧±o  ̈± Æaa­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù a· ̈ ̧aÆ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °·¥± ̈ ­aa·21  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù ±Æ æß  ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o ø ­a1⁄2±2o TM·­ ́ø¥ ±æ­aÆTMaÆÚ «ø©·21  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ 1⁄2ø2  ̧a¥° ­·12ø¥ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ·o  ̈ ̧a æ±oß ±o  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ ·­ æ¥±1⁄2μ·21  ̈ ̧a ¥·2a ±o ­·1 ̧ ̈ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­3· ̈ ̈aÆ ø2o Æa1⁄2a·TMaÆ ø2 ̈a22ø­Ú ×o ⁄– ­·12ø¥ ±Æ TM·­ ́ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa Æaa­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧aoÙ a2øæ¥·21 Œa ̈ ́Æ2 Ã± ÿ±3a 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao  ̈± æÆ·21  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈± ­·12ø¥ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2 Æø21aÚ



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ × ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧a Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a °·¥± ̈  ̈± ­aa ø2o øTM±·o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø·Æ1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù °a±°¥a ±Æ ±æ­ ̈ø1⁄2¥a­Ú fl¥©øß­ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ ¥·2a ±o ­·1 ̧ ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ fl‘Ãfl o ́Æ·21 o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ù  ́­a TM·­ ́ø¥ ±æ­aÆTMaÆ­ ø­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ ÆaØ ́·ÆaÙ ø2o o±¥¥±© ¥±1⁄2ø¥ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ Æa1øÆo·21 ­aaÛø2oÛøTM±·o ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÁ Î § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# –¤Œ⁄—Œ”fl“›¤Á Í § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# –¤Œ⁄—Œ”fl“›¤

...¤×ŸÿÃ Ò ¤“‹ÀŒfl“›¤ –¤Œ⁄—Œ”fl“›¤ ‹flÃfl
›±2o· ̈·±2­Ê fl¥ ̈· ̈ ́oa Õaø ‘aTMa¥Ù ×Õfl ...·2o­ ÆaÆ±Á È § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl‘‘—...flfi‘¤ ŸŒ—ÕÕ ...¤×ŸÿÃfl‘‘—...flfi‘¤ŸŒ—ÕÕ...¤×ŸÿÃÁ Ë § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ”fl×“Ãfl×“×“Ÿ fl‘ÃflÁ Á § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# Ÿ¤“¤Œfl‘ ×“⁄—Œ”flÃ×—“ fl“‹ Ã¤›ÿ“×œÀ¤Õ
›ÿflÕÕ×Õ fl‘Ãfl ­ ̧·°­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈±Æß ©· ̈ ̧ 3± ̈±Æ­ °Æa1⁄2·­a¥ß ø¥·12ao  ̈± 3·2·3·¶a  ̈ ̧a o·ooaÆa21⁄2a ·2 3± ̈±Æ ­°aao æa ̈©aa2 1⁄2¥±1⁄2μ©·­a  ̈ ́Æ2·21 ø2o 1⁄2± ́2 ̈aÆ1⁄2¥±1⁄2μ©·­a  ̈ ́Æ2·21 3± ̈±Æ­ © ̧·¥a ·2 o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ú —°a2·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­ æß Æa3±TM·21  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æa©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧ a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° ±Æ æ± ̈ ̈±3 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­ °¥ø ̈a­ øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧·­ ø¥·123a2 ̈ ø2o 3øß Æao ́1⁄2a fl‘Ãfl °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ



### “—Ã¤ ‹± 2± ̈ ±°a2  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­Ú —°a2·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­ øooa1⁄2 ̈­ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æß ø¥·123a2 ̈Ú

fl¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a · ̈a3­ øÆa ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­ ø2o o± 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a Æa3±TMø¥ ±o ­1⁄2Æa©­ ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧·21  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° ±Æ æ± ̈ ̈±3 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­ °¥ø ̈a­Ú 

# ÀÕ¤ —⁄ ÃÿŒ¤fl‹‘—›’¤Œ fi±¥ ̈­ ø2o ­1⁄2Æa©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 1⁄2ø¥¥ao ± ́ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 3ø2 ́ø¥  ̈± Æa1 ́¥øÆ¥ß Æa3±TMa ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß o± 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ́­a ±o ø  ̈ ̧Æaøo¥±1⁄2μ 1⁄2±3°± ́2oÚ Ã ̧·­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æa©­  ̧±¥o·21 ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̧ø2o¥aÙ æø ̈ ̈aÆß Æa ̈a2 ̈·±2 ­ ̈Æø° ­ ̈ ́o­Ù æø ̈ ̈aÆß ­ ̈±°­Ù 1⁄2¥±­a± ́ ̈ °ø2a¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° 3ø¥a Ã±øo ×2 Ã ̧a ÿ±¥a øoø° ̈aÆÚ ×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù oø­ ̈a2aÆ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± 2 ́ ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2ß¥±2 ¥±1⁄2μ·21 oaø ̈ ́Æa  ̄2ß¥±1⁄2μ 2 ́ ̈­ ̃ o± 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧Æaøo¥±1⁄2μaÆÚ fl¥¥ ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æø¥ oø­ ̈a2aÆ­ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧Æaøo¥±1⁄2μÚ Ã ̧·­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­ ­1⁄2Æa©­Ù ¥±©aÆ 3ø¥a Ã±øo ×2 Ã ̧a ÿ±¥a øoø° ̈aÆ ø2o 3± ̈±Æ ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧3a2 ̈ oø­ ̈a2aÆ­Ú ×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ ”Ì ® Ë ­±1⁄2μa ̈  ̧aøo æ±¥ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a o±¥o·21 °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧Æaøo¥±1⁄2μaÆÚ Ãß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ßÙ ø 3ao· ́3  ̈ ̧Æaøo¥±1⁄2μaÆ  ̄­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ‘±1⁄2 ̈· ̈a fi¥ ́a ÓÏÌ ̃ ·­  ́­ao ±2 ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æø¥ oø­ ̈a2aÆ­Ú 

# fi—‘Ã ×“ÕÃfl‘‘flÃ×—“ Ã ̧a ⁄Æaao¥ß  ̧a® oÆ·TMaÆ­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ©· ̈ ̧ fl‘Ãfl øÆa oa­·12ao  ̈±  ̧a¥° ¥·3· ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈±ÆØ ́a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa ø°°¥·ao  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ æ±¥ ̈Ú oø­ ̈a2aÆ  ̧aøo æ± ̈ ̈±3­ ± ́ ̈ ø2o ¥·1 ̧ ̈¥ß 1⁄2¥ø3°­  ̈ ̧a  ̈©± 3ø ̈·21 °øÆ ̈­  ̈±1a ̈ ̧aÆ Ã± °ÆaTMa2 ̈  ̈·1 ̧ ̈a2·21  ̈ ̧a æ±¥ ̈­ a®1⁄2a­­·TMa¥ß ø2o oø3ø1·21  ̈ ̧a æ±¥ ̈­ ±Æ °øÆ ̈­Ù · ̈ ·­ ­ ́11a­ ̈ao  ̈±  ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧a ©Æa21⁄2 ̧ ·2 ß± ́Æ  ̧ø2oÙ ø2o  ̈©·­ ̈  ̈ ̧a ©Æa21⁄2 ̧ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ­3ø¥¥aÆ o·ø μ2 ́Æ¥ao ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈±±¥ æa ̈©aa2 ß± ́Æ  ̈ ̧ ́3æ ø2o ·2oa® o·21aÆ o±Æ ­3ø¥¥ oø­ ̈a2aÆ­  ̄ ́2oaÆ ­·¶a ”Ì ̃ ±Æ ©· ̈ ̧ ß± ́Æ  ̈ ̧ ́3æ ø2o  ̈©± o±Æao·21aÆ­ o±Æ ¥øÆ1aÆ oø­ ̈a2aÆ­  ̄­·¶a ”Ì ø2o ¥øÆ1aÆ ̃ÚÔ ð ð § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ”fl×“Ã¤“fl“›¤ ×Ã¤”Õ
–Œ—–¤‘‘¤ŒÕ

–Æ±°a¥¥aÆ æ¥øoa­ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa Æa3±TMao © ̧a2 3øμ·21 ø 1⁄2 ̧ø21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± °ÆaTMa2 ̈ °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ ­ ̈Æ·μa­ ·2  ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈ ±o  ́2·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2ø¥ 3± ̈±Æ ­ ̈øÆ ̈­ ø2o ­ ̧± ́¥o æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 ø2 ø­ 2aaoao æø­·­ ·o  ̈ ̧aß æa1⁄2±3a oø3ø1aoÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥¥ßÙ ø 2·1⁄2μ ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥aøo·21 ao1a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ¥øÆ1a a2± ́1 ̧  ̈± 1⁄2ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø o·21aÆ2ø·¥ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±° ­ ̧± ́¥o æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2aoÚ ×o  ̈ ̧a æ¥øoa 1⁄2±3°±­· ̈a ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa æa1⁄2±3a­ oa¥ø3·2ø ̈aoÙ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ æ¥øoa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2aoÚ ⁄Æaao¥ß 3øμa­ o±¥o·21 °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ ø­­a3æ¥·a­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a æ¥øoa­ ø2o °Æ±°  ̧ ́æ o ́¥¥ß ø­­a3æ¥aoÚ Ã ̧aß øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ·2 1⁄2¥±1⁄2μ©·­a ø2o 1⁄2± ́2 ̈aÆÛ1⁄2¥±1⁄2μ©·­a ±Æ·a2 ̈ø ̈·±2­Ú Ã ̧a o±¥o·21 °Æ±°­ øÆa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ±2  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±Æ­ ©· ̈ ̧ o± ́Æ ”ÌIË ­±1⁄2μa ̈  ̧aøo æ±¥ ̈­Ú



### ›flÀÃ×—“ fl¥©øß­  ́­a ø  ̈ ̧Æaøo¥±1⁄2μ·21 1⁄2±3°± ́2o ±2  ̈ ̧a æ±¥ ̈  ̈ ̧Æaøo­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ  ̧ ́æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈±ÆÚÔ ð Ô § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ —oo 2 ́3æaÆao æ±±3­  ̄ÔÙ Ì ø2o Î ̃  ́­a 1⁄2¥±1⁄2μ©·­a Æ± ̈ø ̈·21 °Æ±°­ © ̧a2 ¥±±μ·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° o±©2Ù ø2o aTMa2 2 ́3æaÆao æ±±3­  ̄ÓÙ Ï ø2o Í ̃  ́­a 1⁄2± ́2 ̈aÆ1⁄2¥±1⁄2μ©·­a Æ± ̈ø ̈·21 °Æ±°­Ú 

### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ

fl¥©øß­ 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±° Æ± ̈ø ̈·±2 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± o¥·1 ̧ ̈Ú –Æ±°­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­°·2 ·2  ̈ ̧a ·21⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©·¥¥ 1⁄2ø ́­a fl‘Ãfl  ̈± æa  ́21⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥øæ¥aÚ



# Œ¤–‘fl›×“Ÿ –Œ—–¤‘‘¤Œ fiÀ”–¤ŒÕ À2oaÆ 2±Æ3ø¥  ́­aÙ °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ æ ́3°aÆ­ 3øß ­°¥· ̈ ø2o oø¥¥ ± ́ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥o·21 °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ ø­­a3æ¥ßÚ Õ·® ­°øÆa æ ́3°aÆ­ øÆa °Æ±TM·oao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fl‘ÃflÚ Ã± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a æ ́3°aÆÙ o·­ø­­a3æ¥ß ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥o·21 °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ ·­ ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ Õ ̈øÆ ̈ æß Æa3±TM·21  ̈ ̧a ”Ì ® ÔÁ æ±¥ ̈ ø2o 2ß¥±2 2 ́ ̈Ú – ́¥¥ ±oo  ̈ ̧a  ́°°aÆ °Æ±° øoø° ̈aÆÚ Ã ̧a  ̈©± æ ́3°aÆ­ øÆa  ̧a¥o ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a æß 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́¥øÆ oaø ̈ ́Æa­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ °Æ±° øoø° ̈aÆÚ Œa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ©±Æ2 ±Æ ­°¥· ̈ æ ́3°aÆ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a© ±2aÚ

Ã± Æaø­­a3æ¥aÙ o±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈ ¥øß± ́ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a o·1 ́Æa øæ±TMaÚ “± ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa  ̈©± o·ooaÆa2 ̈  ̈ß°a­ ±o ©ø­ ̧aÆ­Ù ±2a 3øoa ±o 2ß¥±2 ø2o  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3øoa ±o –Ã⁄¤Ú Ã ̧a 2ß¥±2 ©ø­ ̧aÆ ·­ ­3ø¥¥aÆ ·2 ©·o ̈ ̧ ø2o  ̈ ̧·1⁄2μaÆ ø2o ·­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a 2 ́ ̈ ±Æ æ±¥ ̈  ̧aøo ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̈©± °Æ±° øoø° ̈aÆ­Ú Ã ̧a –Ã⁄¤ ©ø­ ̧aÆ ·­ ©·oaÆ ø2o  ̈ ̧·22aÆ ø2o ·­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±° æ¥øoa­ ø2o °Æ±° øoø° ̈aÆ­ÚÔ ð Ó § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ¤ ¤Œ« ÔÎ ⁄‘×ŸÿÃÕ fl‘Ãfl ·­ oa­·12ao  ̈± æa ø­ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2aÛoÆaa ø­ ·­ °±­­·æ¥aÚ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ Æ± ́1 ̧¥ß øo ̈aÆ aTMaÆß ÔÎ o¥·1 ̧ ̈­Ù oa°a2oa2 ̈  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a ¥aTMa¥ ±o TM·æÆø ̈·±2 fl‘Ãfl  ̈·1 ̧ ̈a2·21  ̈±ÆØ ́a  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ oø­ ̈a2aÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a ­ ́°°¥·ao  ̧a® oÆ·TMaÆ­Ú Ã ̧a oø­ ̈a2aÆ­ ­ ̧± ́¥o 2± ̈ ­¥·°Ú ×o ø oø­ ̈a2aÆ o±a­ ­¥·°Ù  ̈·1 ̧ ̈a2 · ̈  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a 3a ̈ ̧±o­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a fi±¥ ̈ ×2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2­a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú ‹± 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß øoo· ̈·±2ø¥  ̈ ̧Æaøo¥±1⁄2μ·21 1⁄2±3°± ́2o  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a æ±¥ ̈  ̧øÆa°aø ̈ao¥ß 1⁄2±3a ¥±±­aÚ 

# Œ¤–‘fl›¤”¤“Ã —⁄ –flŒÃÕ Õ°øÆa ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °øÆ ̈­ øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ ­ø¥a ­a°øÆø ̈a¥ß ø ̈ ©©©ÚoÆaao¥ß­ß­ ̈a3­Ú1⁄2±3Ú –¥aø­a ÆaoaÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ­ ̈±Æa o±Æ ø 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈·21 ±o ø¥¥ øTMø·¥øæ¥a ­°øÆa °øÆ ̈­ÚÔ ð Ì § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ⁄×Œ”...flŒ¤ À–‹flÃ¤ –Œ—›¤ÕÕ

“—Ã¤ ›øÆao ́¥¥ß o±¥¥±© ·2Ûø°° ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ­øTM·21 ø2o Æa­ ̈±Æ·21 fl‘Ãfl 1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æø ̈·±2 ­a ̈ ̈·21­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a o·Æ3©øÆa  ́°oø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú



### ...flŒ“×“Ÿ Œa3±TMa °Æ±°a¥¥aÆ­ æao±Æa °aÆo±Æ3·21 ø o·Æ3©øÆa  ́°oø ̈aÚ Ãa­ ̈ Æøo·± 1⁄2 ̧ø22a¥­Ù øÆ3·21 ø2o o·­øÆ3·21 æa ̧øTM·±Æ øo ̈aÆ o·Æ3©øÆa  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa Æøo·± 3ø°°·21  ̧ø­ æaa2 °Æa­aÆTMaoÚ ×21⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ Æøo·± 3ø°°·21 1⁄2ø2 ¥aøo  ̈± ¥±­­ ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú

Õ«“fl–Õ¤ o·Æ3©øÆa ·­  ́°oø ̈ao  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°°Ú “a© ø°°  ́°oø ̈a­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 2a© o·Æ3©øÆa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2­Ú Ã±  ́°oø ̈a o·Æ3©øÆaÊ ÔÚ –Æ±TM·oa °±©aÆ  ̈± fl‘Ãfl
øÚ ×2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø2o °¥ ́1 ·2 ø o ́¥¥ß 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1ao o¥·1 ̧ ̈ °ø1⁄2μ ±Æ æÚ –¥ ́1 ·2  ̈ ̧a ÀÕfiÛ⁄ ́ ̈øæø 1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈± ø2 øTMø·¥øæ¥a Æa1⁄2a·TMaÆ °±Æ ̈  ̄⁄ ́ ̈øæø ø2o ––” Æa1⁄2a·TMaÆ­ ±2¥ß ̃ ÓÚ —°a2  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl fl°° ÌÚ —°a2 ”±2· ̈±Æ ‚ À°oø ̈aÏÚ Ã ̧a ¥ø ̈a­ ̈ o·Æ3©øÆa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø°° Æa¥aø­a ·­ 1⁄2±3°øÆao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl o·Æ3©øÆaÚ ×o ø 2a© Æa¥aø­a ·­ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a ø°° ©·¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ø 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ÎÚ Ãø°  ̈ ̧a ×2­ ̈ø¥¥ æ ́ ̈ ̈±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a fl°° ·o ø2  ́°oø ̈a ·­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a ÍÚ ‹± 2± ̈ °±©aÆ o±©2 fl‘Ãfl o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧·­  ̈·3a ÈÚ Œa¥±øo ­øTMao 1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æø ̈·±2Ô ð Ï § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ÃŒ—Àfi‘¤Õÿ——Ã×“ŸÔ ð Î § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# Ÿ¤“¤Œfl‘ ...flŒ“×“ŸÕ
Õ«”–Ã—” –—Ã¤“ Ã×fl‘ ›flÀÕ¤ –—Ã¤“ Ã×fl‘ Õ—‘ÀÃ×—“

›±3°ø­­ ...øÆ2·21 3·1⁄2Æ±Õ‹ 1⁄2øÆo

·­ 3·­­·21 › ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a 3·1⁄2Æ±Õ‹ 1⁄2øÆo ·­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ›±3°ø­­ 1⁄2ø¥·æÆø ̈·±2 ·­ ·2TMø¥·o Œa1⁄2ø¥·æÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°ø­­

Ÿ–Õ ...øÆ2·21 Ÿ–ÕÒ›±3°ø­­

À2· ̈  ̧ø­ æa1⁄2±3a o·­1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao › ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a Ÿ–ÕÒ›±3°ø­­

 ́2· ̈ ©·Æ·21 o±Æ oø3ø1a 

# ⁄‘×ŸÿÃ ›—“ÃŒ—‘‘¤Œ
Õ«”–Ã—” –—Ã¤“ Ã×fl‘ ›flÀÕ¤ –—Ã¤“ Ã×fl‘ Õ—‘ÀÃ×—“

fl‘Ãfl ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ øÆ3 fl‘Ãfl ÿ±3a

Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ 2± ̈ ·2 3·oo¥a °±­· ̈·±2 ”±TMa ÿ±3a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈± 3·oo¥a °±­· ̈·±2
fl‘Ãfl ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ 2± ̈ ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±TMa ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈± 3ø2 ́ø¥
Œøo·± 2± ̈ æ± ́2o ⁄±¥¥±© Æøo·± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ
Œøo·± 2± ̈ 3ø°°ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß › ̧a1⁄2μ fl‘Ãfl fl°° Æøo·± 3ø°°·21

1⁄2 ̧øÆ ̈­ o±Æ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ æa ̧øTM·±Æ flo¶ ́­ ̈ 3ø°°·21 ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß

Õ«“fl–Õ¤ æ±± ̈ 2± ̈ ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥ –±©aÆ 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a fl‘ÃflÚ ¤2­ ́Æa · ̈

o±a­ 2± ̈ 3±TMa o ́Æ·21 æ±± ̈ ×o fl‘Ãfl 3 ́­ ̈ 3±TMa o ́Æ·21 æ±± ̈  ̄­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ±2 ø 3±TM·21 °¥ø ̈o±Æ3 ̃Ù  ́­a ”± ̈·±2 fi±± ̈·21

”± ̈±Æ­ ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ ­ ̈±° fl‘Ãfl ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧

2± ̈ ·2 ”ø2 ́ø¥ ”±TMa ”±oa Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧  ̈± 3ø2 ́ø¥ fl‘Ãfl flÆ3 ¤2øæ¥a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧ 2± ̈ ±2 fl¥¥±© ‹·­øÆ3 ”±TMa flÆ3 ¤2øæ¥a Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧

 ̈± fl¥¥±© ‹·­øÆ3Ô ð Í § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# ⁄‘×ŸÿÃ fi¤ÿfl ×—Œ
Õ«”–Ã—” –—Ã¤“ Ã×fl‘ ›flÀÕ¤ –—Ã¤“ Ã×fl‘ Õ—‘ÀÃ×—“ fl‘Ãfl o±a­ 2± ̈ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ¥aTMa¥ °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ±Æ Æ±¥¥ –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ±Æ Œ±¥¥ ÃÆ·3

°±­· ̈·±2 2± ̈ ­a ̈ À­a  ̈ ̧a fl‘Ãfl ø°°  ̈± ­a ̈  ̈ ̧a

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a °· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Æ±¥¥  ̈Æ·3 fl‘Ãfl o±a­ 2± ̈ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2  ̧aøo·21 fl‘Ãfl ßø©

o ́Æ·21 æ±± ̈ ŒaÛ·2· ̈·ø¥·¶a Õ«“fl–Õ¤ © ̧·¥a μaa°·21

fl‘Ãfl ­ ̈ø ̈·±2øÆß ·2 ø¥¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2­

fl‘Ãfl 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2¥aø °±·2 ̈ ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ›±3°ø­­

1⁄2ø¥·æÆø ̈·±2 ·­ ·2TMø¥·o Œa1⁄2ø¥·æÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°ø­­
–±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥o  ̈ ́2·21 TMø¥ ́a­  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧ Œao ́1⁄2a –±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥o  ̈ ́2·21 TMø¥ ́a­Ù

­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧ –±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ fl‘Ãfl o±a­ 2± ̈  ̈Æø1⁄2μ ­ ̈Æø·1 ̧ ̈ ·2 –±­· ̈·±2 ”±oa ›±3°ø­­

1⁄2ø¥·æÆø ̈·±2 ·2TMø¥·o –aÆo±Æ3 ø 3ø2 ́ø¥ 1⁄2±3°ø­­ 1⁄2ø¥·æÆø ̈·±2
À2a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao o¥·1 ̧ ̈ æa ̧øTM·±Æ Ã ́2·21  ̈±±  ̧·1 ̧

±Æ  ̈±± ¥±© ŒaTMaÆ ̈  ̈ ́2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ μ2±©2

©±Æμ·21 1⁄2±2o·1 ́Æø ̈·±2 Õa ̈  ̈ ́2·21 æø1⁄2μ  ̈± oaoø ́¥ ̈ TMø¥ ́a­Ô ð È § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl––¤“‹×»Ô ð Ë § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl––¤“‹×» flÚ ‹¤⁄flÀ‘Ã ÃÀ“×“Ÿ fl‘À¤Õ

–flŒfl”¤ Ã¤Œ ŸŒ— À– –flŒfl”¤ Ã¤Œ ‹¤ ⁄flÀ‘Ã fl‘À¤

fl ̈ ̈· ̈ ́oa –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ÒŒ±¥¥ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ ÍÎ

–· ̈1⁄2 ̧ÒŒ±¥¥ ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ Îð «ø© Õ ̈·oo2a­­ ËÎ «ø© ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ Ôðð Œ±¥¥ ÃÆ·3 ð –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ ÃÆ·3 ð ”ø®·3 ́3 –· ̈1⁄2 ̧ÒŒ±¥¥ fl21¥a Ïðp ”ø®·3 ́3 «ø© Œø ̈a ÔððpÒ­a1⁄2

ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ aÆ ̈·1⁄2ø¥ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ ÔÔ

ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ Ëð ÿ±TMaÆ Ã ̧Æ± ̈ ̈¥a ÔÏÚð ›a·¥·21 ÔÔË 3a ̈aÆ­ ›¥·3æ Œø ̈a Ì 3a ̈aÆ­Ò­a1⁄2 Ÿ–Õ ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ›±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·±2 —2

–±­· ̈·±2 ÿ±Æ·¶±2 ̈ø¥ Õ ̈·oo2a­­ Ìð

ÿ±¥o Õ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧ Ïð ”ø®·3 ́3 Ÿ ðÚÌŒø21a Îðð 3a ̈aÆŸ–Õ fl21¥a Ìðp Ÿ–Õ Õ°aao Î 3a ̈aÆ­Ò­a1⁄2

Õøoa ̈ß fl¥øÆ3 ±¥ ̈ø1a ÌÚÎ

‘ø2o ±¥ ̈ø1a ÌÚÓÕøoa ÿa·1 ̧ ̈ ÔÎ 3a ̈aÆfl ́ ̈±¥ø2o ‹a­1⁄2a2 ̈ Œø ̈a ÛðÚÎ 3a ̈aÆ­Ò­a1⁄2 ŒÃÿ Õ°aao Ì 3a ̈aÆ­Ò­a1⁄2Ô ð Á § ÀÕ¤Œ ”fl“Àfl‘ 

# fl––¤“‹×» fiÚ ‹flÃfl ‘—ŸŸ×“Ÿ ⁄×¤‘‹Õ

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