Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous

Materials Recycling Operations
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

i

Appendix 2 Contents

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Operations

Site Name State

American Brass Alabama

Interstate Lead Co. (ILCO) Alabama

Red River Aluminum Arkansas

Alco Pacific California

Baron Blakeslee California

Berman Steel - Salinas California

Chemical and Pigment Company California

Commodity Refining Exchange California

Cooper Drum Co. California

Davis Chemical Company California

Enviropur West Corporation California

Federated Metals California

Gibson Environmental California

GNB Incorporated (Exide Technologies) California

John Alexander Research California

K&D Salvage California

Liquid Chemical Corp. California

Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co. California

Mobile Smelting California

Myers Drum California

Omega Chemical Corporation California

Quicksilver Products, Inc. California

Rho Chem Corp California
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

ii

Safety-Kleen, Inc., El Monte California

Safety-Kleen Corporation, Reedley Recycling Center California

Safety-Kleen Corporation, Rohnert Park California

Safety-Kleen (San Jose Facility) California

Sierra Battery Sales California

United Metal Recovery California

Victor Industrial Battery California

CoZinCo Colorado

National Oil Services Connecticut

Zollo Drum Company Connecticut

Chem-Solv, Inc. Delaware

Diamond State Salvage Delaware

Standard Chlorine of Delaware Delaware

43rd Street Bay Drum and Steel Company Florida

Aerospace Recycling (Gerald B. Stringham, Jr.) Florida

Callaway & Son Drum Service Florida

Crosby Motors Florida

Danmark Inc. Florida

Don's Recycling aka All Salvaged Auto Parts Florida

Energy Savings LTD, Inc. Florida

Florida Petroleum Reprocessors Florida

Helms Drum Service Florida

Holloway Oil Company Florida

International Processing Specialists (IPS) Florida

Joel C. Patterson and AC Florida

Kempton Brothers, Inc. Florida

Miami Battery Florida
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

iii

Progressive Marketing Group, Inc. Florida

Romarc Industries (Ron Roberts) Florida

Rouse Steel Drum Florida

Rowe Paint and Plas-Chem Coatings (Wilmer Rowe) Florida

Schuylkill Metals Corp. Florida

Singleton Battery Florida

Singleton Battery/TPA Florida

Tri-City Oil Conservationist, Inc. Florida

UNC Florida

United Metals, Inc. Florida

Yellow Water Road Dump Florida

Alternate Energy Resources, Inc. Georgia

Exide Technologies (formerly GNB Technologies,

Inc) Georgia

Joe Sikes Oil Service, Inc. Georgia

SoGreen, Parramore Fertilizer, Barren Area Georgia

P4 Production LLC - Monsanto Idaho

Circle Smelting Corporation Illinois

Clayton Chemical Company Illinois

Environmental Waste Resources, Inc. Illinois

Hydromet Environmental USA Incorporated Illinois

J Pitt Melt Shop Illinois

Moreco Energy, Inc. Illinois

R. Lavin & Sons, Inc. Illinois

Amacor Residential/Amacor Magnesium Fire Indiana

Continental Steel Corp. Indiana

Crawfordsville Scrap and Salvage Indiana
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

iv

David John Property Indiana

Hassan Barrel Company Indiana

Hayes Lemmerz International Inc. Indiana

Heritage Environmental Services Indiana

Delatte Metals Louisiana

Marine Shale Processors Louisiana

American Recovery Corp., Inc. Maryland

Boulden Incorporated Maryland

Safety Kleen Corporation Maryland

Spectron, Inc. Maryland

JG Grant & Sons, Inc. Massachusetts

Lubrx Products, Inc. Massachusetts

Zimble Drum Massachusetts

Carter Industrials Inc. Michigan

Pellestar Limited Michigan

Saran Protective Coatings Michigan

Thermochem Inc. Michigan

2303 Kennedy Street Site Minnesota

Hydromex Mississippi

Industrial Pollution Control Mississippi

Echo Valley Recycling Enterprises Missouri

Missouri Electric Works Missouri

Rogene French Alcohol Missouri

Tetra Micronutrients (formerly American

Microtrace) Nebraska

Beede Waste Oil New Hampshire

Consolidated Recycling, Inc. New Hampshire
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

v

Harding Metals, Inc. New Hampshire

Atlantic Resources Corporation New Jersey

Boro Auto Wreckers New Jersey

Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc. New Jersey

Cycle Chem Incorporated New Jersey

Franklin Burn New Jersey

Griffin Pipe Products Company New Jersey

Horseshoe Road New Jersey

Lightman Drum Company New Jersey

Martin Aaron, Inc. New Jersey

Matteo Iron and Metal New Jersey

Old Bridge Chemicals, Inc. / Madison Industries New Jersey

Pittsburgh Metal & Equipment New Jersey

Safety-Kleen Envirosystems Company New Jersey

South Brunswick Asphalt New Jersey

Zschiegner Refining Co. New Jersey

Cal West Metals New Mexico

Pagano Salvage New Mexico

Back Waste Oil New York

Bern Metals New York

Consolidated Iron and Metal New York

ENRX, Inc. (formerly Voelker Analysis) New York

Feldman Barrel & Drum New York

Hudson Technologies, Inc. New York

Mercury Refining, Inc. New York

Revere Smelting and Refining Corporation of NJ New York

Battery Tech (Duracell-Lexington) North Carolina
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

vi

Nucor Corporation, Inc. North Carolina

American Recycling Company Ohio

Century 21 Paints Ohio

Columbus Steel Drum Company Ohio

County Line Auto Parts (Imthurn Drum Site) Ohio

Environmental Processing Services Ohio

Master Metals Inc. Ohio

Midwest Guardian Ohio

ONARP Inc. (Mel's Battery) Ohio

Queen City Barrel Co. Ohio

River Recycling Industries, Inc. Ohio

Safety-Kleen (Hebron) Ohio

Sentco Paints Ohio

Smith Chemical Ohio

Chief Supply/Greenway Environmental Oklahoma

Parawax Reclaiming, Inc. Oklahoma

Baron Blakeslee Oregon

Bergsoe Metal Corporation Oregon

Dennis Residence Oregon

Environmental Pacific Corporation Oregon

Grant Warehouse Oregon

High-Tech Now Oregon

Lighting Recyclers, Inc. Oregon

Thermo Fluids Oregon

Breslube-Penn, Inc. Pennsylvania

East Penn Manufacturing Co, Inc. Pennsylvania

Franklin Slag Pile (MDC Industries, Inc.) Pennsylvania
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

vii

Gettysburg Foundry Specialties Company Pennsylvania

Industrial Solvents and Chemical Co. Pennsylvania

PECO Energy Company (Exelon) Pennsylvania

Tonolli Corporation Pennsylvania

Scorpio Recycling, Inc. Puerto Rico

V&M/Albaladejo Puerto Rico

Efros Barrel Co. Rhode Island

Metals Recycling, LLC Rhode Island

New England Container Co. Rhode Island

Aqua-Tech Environmental, Inc. (Groce Laboratories) South Carolina

Conbraco Industries South Carolina

Huff Battery Salvage South Carolina

College Grove Battery Chip Tennessee

Dixie Barrel and Drum Tennessee

Far Star Tennessee

Jack Goins Waste Oil Tennessee

Refined Metals Tennessee

Ross Metals, Inc. Tennessee

Aztec Mercury Texas

Baldwin Waste Oil Texas

CFF Recycling Titanium Fire Texas

Dixie Oil Processors, Inc. Texas

Encycle/ Texas Inc. Texas

J. C. Pennco Waste Oil Service Texas

Lyon Property Texas

Malone Services Company - Swan Lake Plant Texas

Many Diversified Interests Texas
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling

viii

McBay Oil and Gas Texas

Melton Kelly Property Texas

Poly-Cycle Industries, Tecula Texas

Rockwool Industries, Inc. Texas

Voda Petroleum Inc. Texas

Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery Utah

OMG Air Emissions Utah

Petrochem Recycling Corp./Ekotek Plant Utah

Bingham & Taylor Virginia

Old Salem Tannery II Virginia

Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc. Virginia

Bay Zinc Company Inc. Washington

Beacon Battery Company Washington

CleanCare Corporation Washington

Dyno Battery Washington

Emerald Recycling Washington

Hand in Hand Recycling Washington

Island Recycling Washington

Maralco Washington

Nooksack Valley Disposal Washington

Northwest Transformer (Mission/Pole) Washington

Reflex Recycling Washington

SafCo Environmental Washington

Red Jacket Salvage Yard West Virginia

Waste Research & Reclamation Co. Wisconsin
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Alabama

1

Site Information

Site Name: American Brass

EPA ID No.: ALD981868466

Address: State Highway 134 West, Headland, AL 36345

County: Henry

NPL Site: Final: 5/10/99

In CERCLIS Database: 0406299

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The American Brass Inc., (ABI) site is

a former secondary brass smelter/foundry facility. The ABI site area is approximately 148 acres,

24 acres of which are occupied by the former foundry buildings (the developed portion of the

site) in a predominantly rural agricultural area. Industrial operations were conducted at the ABI

site from the 1960's until December 1992. The process at American Brass, Inc. was as follows:

brass- and copper- bearing scrap material were charged into the rotary furnaces and melted.

Alloying and fluxing agents were added to obtain a spec alloy. The metal was cast into ingot

form and the remaining slag was taken for further processing. The ingots were allowed to cool.

The slag was processed through the crusher and then into the ball mill. Brass particles were

recovered from the crushed slag and reprocessed in the furnace. The slag was then sent to storage

bins. Fume from the furnaces and particulate emissions from the crusher and ballmill were

controlled by two baghouses. The baghouse dust was collected and sold as a finished product.

Approximately 150,000 tons of heavy metal-contaminated furnace waste, ball mill residues, and

furnace slag were stockpiled in the facility at various areas on the ground and in a large

uncontrolled stockpile approximately one-third mile southeast of the facility. Residuals from the

brass smelting process, which contained high levels of lead, were ground and recycled as peanut

fertilizer. From approximately the mid-1980's until the facility closed, ABI was the subject of

several RCRA enforcement actions, both state and federal. RCRA violations included the onsite disposal of hazardous waste.

Description of Contamination: On February 22, 1996, the Alabama Department of

Environmental Management (ADEM) conducted a site Investigation at American Brass, Inc.

ADEM collected aqueous samples and sediment samples from Dunham Creek, Cedar Creek, and

the breach in the berm around the ball mill stockpile, which drains into a tributary to Cedar

Creek. Aqueous samples collected in Dunham Creek showed a release of barium; the sediment

samples indicated a release of barium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. Aqueous

samples collected from Cedar Creek indicated a release of barium; the sediment samples

indicated a release of barium, chromium, and zinc. Aqueous samples collected below the breach

in the berm showed a release of barium, copper, lead, and zinc; the sediment samples showed a

release of barium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. The Remedial Investigation

revealed impacts to onsite soils and sediments primarily from heavy metals, boron and PCBs.

At the request of ADEM, USEPA conducted an emergency removal at the ABI site in 1996-

1997. During this removal, excavated lead-contaminated soils and heavy metal-laden furnace

bricks, as well as heavy metal-laden process waste materials (ball mill residue) found inside the

buildings, were consolidated into a liner-covered waste pile at the southeast corner of the site. A
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Alabama

2

second USEPA removal action to remove the waste pile and dispose of the materials off site was

completed in March 1999. More sampling was scheduled for February 2002 to determine the

extent of contamination off site in these creeks. The groundwater at the site has been impacted

with boron, nitrate, and ammonia. The residential drinking water wells adjacent to the eastern

boundary of the site have not been impacted by the site and will continue to be monitored.

Total cleanup expenditure at this site as of September 2004 was $7,325,902.41.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

31 October 2005.

USEPA. “American Brass.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406299

USEPA. “American Brass.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001146778

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 15 January

2006.

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: American Brass.” 12 December 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplal/albrasal.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for American Brass.” 7 October 2004. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1538.htm

Additional Contacts:

Brian Farrier (Project Manager), farrier.brian@epa.gov

Anna Lesichar (Senior Enforcement Specialist USEPA Region 4), (404) 562-8608
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Alabama

3

Site Information:

Site Name: Interstate Lead Co. (ILCO)

EPA ID No.: ALD041906173

Address: 1247 Borden Avenue SE, Leeds, AL 35094

County: Jefferson

NPL Site: Final: 06/10/86

In CERCLIS Database: 0404344

Description of Recycling Operation: The ILCO facility operated as a secondary lead smelter

and lead battery recycling facility from 1970 to 1992, at which time the site was abandoned.

From approximately 1970 to 1984, the company reportedly used lead-contaminated materials

such as blast furnace slag, battery casings, and wastewater treatment sludge as fill material at

seven satellite sites in and around the City of Leeds: ILCO Parking Lot, Gulf/BP Service Station

(currently operated as a BP Service Station), J & L Fabricators, Flemmings Patio, the Connell

Property, the City of Leeds Landfill, and the Church of God of Prophecy in Acmar (herein

referred to as the Acmar Church of God). ILCO ceased operations in March 1992 and declared

bankruptcy shortly thereafter. Shortly after this abandonment, USEPA issued Records of

Decision (RODs) for each of the three operable units comprising the site.

This site was never RCRA permitted.

Description of Contamination: ILCO's battery cracking and recycling operations have resulted

in extensive lead and cadmium contamination on and near the ILCO main facility in soil, surface

water, and groundwater. Monitoring by the company in January and February of 1985 detected

lead and cadmium in ground water underlying the facility. The state has measured elevated

levels of lead in Dry Creek and an unnamed tributary to Dry Creek adjacent to the facility. The

Jefferson County Department of Health in 1983 and 1984 measured elevated lead concentrations

in ambient air south and southwest of ILCO. USEPA collected surface water, sediment, and

biota samples during 1994 from the unnamed tributary, Dry Creek, and the Little Cahaba River

and analyzed them for lead and other chemicals.

The estimated cost of implementing selected remedies was approximately $60,000,000. As the

state of Alabama did not have sufficient resources to fund the state cost share, a fund-lead

cleanup was not an option. Based upon ILCO's operating records, USEPA identified

approximately 979 PRPs who sent spent batteries or other lead-bearing waste material to the site.

USEPA issued notice letters to these potentially responsible parties (PRPs) in the fall of 1993.

Special Notice Letters were issued to large quantity generators in the fall of 1995. On September

30, 1996, the Region requested Department of Justice to concur in a settlement with 20 generator

PRPs at the ILCO site. Under the terms of the proposed settlement, the settling defendants will

conduct RD/RA for the entire site, including all seven satellite sites, and will reimburse the

United States for $1,823,644 of $16,683,773 in past response costs. Also, the ILCO PRPs will

reimburse the United States for future oversight costs related to the Consent Decree in excess of

$300,000. Under the guidance on orphan share compensation dated June 3, 1996, the Region,

with headquarters concurrence, has agreed to compensate the settling defendants by giving them
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Alabama

4

a credit of $14,860,125 against outstanding past costs, which represents 25 percent of the

estimated future cleanup costs. This settlement is one of the first to provide for compensation to

settlers under the orphan share reform in accordance with the recently issued guidance. In

addition, proceeds from de minimis settlements will be evenly split between USEPA and the

settling defendants, with USEPA's share to be applied against outstanding past costs. Based upon

de minimis settlements totaling over $1.8 million, the PRPs were wired over $900,000 in May

1999.

Total cleanup expenditure as of September 2004 was $13,596,768.92.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Interstate Lead Co.” 29 September 1995.

16 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0495243.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 15 January

2006.

USEPA. “Interstate Lead Co.” CERCLIS. 25 August 2006. 10 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0404344

USEPA. “Interstate Lead Co.” EPA Envirofacts Warehouse. (n.d). 24 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110017418007

USEPA. “Interstate Lead Co.” RCRAInfo. 2 September 2000. 18 January 2006.

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Interstate Lead Co.” 12 December 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplal/ilcoal.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Interstate Lead Co.” 10 June 1986. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0404344.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for ILCO.” 6 June 2006. 10 October

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ALD041906173
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Arkansas

5

Site Information

Site Name: Red River Aluminum

EPA ID No.: AR0000605322

Address: US HWY 80 P.O. Box 99 Stamps, AR 71860

County: Lafayette

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0605322

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This facility is a bankrupt secondary

smelter operation which extracted aluminum from the byproduct of conventional aluminum

smelting. It reprocessed dross, an impure aluminum surface sum from the electrolytic cells of

various primary aluminum smelters, to recover additional aluminum. The facility also processed

recycled aluminum. The site has been abandoned for several years. It operated from 1988 to

1998 or 1985 to 1997 (sources vary), during which time it generated a waste pile containing

approximately 175,000 cubic yards of aluminum dross and salt cake.

Description of Contamination: The primary pollutants are sodium chloride, potassium

chloride, and copper. During its operation, USEPA estimates more than 200,000 cubic yards of

accumulated salt cake containing elevated levels of copper were exposed to the elements and

contaminated nearby soil and surface water and threatened shallow ground water beneath the

site. None of the pollutants are present in the groundwater at a level that causes a human health

concern. On Nov. 7, 2000, USEPA began taking action at the site to eliminate the most

immediate environmental threats posed by the exposed saltcake materials containing elevated

levels of copper. Immediate action was taken to prevent the copper-contaminated runoff from

adversely affecting nearby streams and marshes, which also prevented saltcake from being

blown by heavy winds into nearby residential areas. Arkansas Department of Environmental

Quality (ADEQ) Director Richard A. Weiss said that the State of Arkansas and USEPA

successfully worked together to secure the site and address the most pressing public health

concerns. He added that the federal government's expenditure of $2 million was vital to halting

contamination of the environment surrounding the site.

Residents allege that site-related contaminants might have caused the following health

conditions: diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer (no type specified), skin, eye, and respiratory

tract irritation, asthma, and skin rashes.

Sources of Information:

Arkansas Department of Health under agreement with Agency for Toxic Substance & Disease

Registry. “Health Consultation, Assessment of Indoor Air in Residences Adjacent to the

Red River Aluminum Site in Stamps, Arkansas.” 17 July 2003. 16 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/redriver/rra_p1.html#back

USEPA. “Cleanup Effort at Red River Aluminum Complete.” 11 October 2001. 16 January

2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Arkansas

6

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/7474083079d775f8852570d6005e7dbe?Ope

nDocument

USEPA. “Red River Aluminum.” CERCLIS. 25 August 2006. 10 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605322

USEPA. “Red River Aluminum.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001149294

USEPA. “Red River Aluminum Site Cleanup Begins.” 8 November 2000. 24 January

2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/0290c4651fdf42e2852570d6005e7d9f?Open

Document

Additional Contacts:

Philip Ofosu (SAM), (214) 665-3178

Susan Webster (OSC), (214) 665-6784
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

7

Site Information

Site Name: Alco Pacific

EPA ID No.: CAD008387250

Address: 16914 South Broadway, Carson, CA 90248

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Alco Pacific has operated as a lead

recycling facility since 1954. The primary sources of lead were automobile batteries. The

batteries were cracked open, drained of acid and the lead recovered. The rubber debris from seals

and plate separators was the only part of the battery that was not recyclable. This waste was

stored in a pile on-site. A second pile was comprised of foundry sands used to make molds.

When the facility ceased operations in 1990, 1,248 cubic yards of rubber debris (lead content

43,000 parts per million (ppm)) and 126 cubic yards of sand (lead content 1,300 ppm) were left

abandoned on-site. These piles were located on pavement. However, there was no other

containment to prevent wind dispersal of wastes or to prevent rain leachate from running off of

the property. Ninety-eight drums of assorted wastes were also found on the site. Forty-six of

these drums were found scattered throughout the site and were buried in the waste piles that

contained resins, catalysts, slag recyclable lead, rainwater/ rinseate, and debris. Fifty-two of the

drums contained "mixed waste."

The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) Facilities Management Branch,

who was handling the issues of illegal operation as a treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD)

facility, referred the Alco Pacific site to the Site Mitigation Branch after it was apparent that

there were no funds available to conduct a RCRA closure. Removal of all known wastes (except

the 52 drums of mixed waste) was conducted with state funds to eliminate an immediate risk to

the public from lead exposure. The waste piles of rubber and sand were disposed in November

1993 and the drummed wastes in April 1994. The mixed waste drums came to be at Alco when

in August of 1988, a load of slag being disposed by Alco Pacific tripped a radiation alarm at the

Casmalia facility. A subsequent inspection by Los Angeles County determined that the source of

radiation came into Alco Pacific via a shipment of lead gauge holders (radiation shields).

Evidently, one gauge (radiation source) was left in the gauge holder. When this shipment went

through the furnace, it contaminated the air pollution control system (bag house), slag, and

refractory brick (thermal insulation) within the furnace itself. The bag house dust is normally

considered to be a "toxic" waste because of the levels of lead and cadmium. By adding the

additional radioactive constituent of Cesium 137, the waste stream became what is known as a

"mixed waste." The disposal options for mixed wastes are additionally restricted since the

disposal facility must comply with engineering specifications for not only radioactive wastes, but

toxic wastes as well. Alco Pacific received a Radioactive License from the Department of Health

Services, Radiological Health Branch, to store this material on a long term basis. After failing

four stabilization tests, the Environ Facility in Utah accepted the mixed waste. The mixed waste

was removed, under order to J.C. Shepard in June 1997. The USEPA emergency response

removed all residual surface contamination, equipment and buildings in September 1998.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

8

Description of Contamination: When operations ceased at this site there were piles located on

pavement. However, there was no other contaminant to prevent wind dispersal of wastes or to

prevent rain leachate from running off of the property. Groundwater contamination data is not

available at this time.

As of September 2004 expense costs at this site totaled $236,844.33.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Alco Pacific.” EnviroStor Database. (n.d.).

10 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=19340753

USEPA. “Alco Pacific.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000913370

USEPA. “Alco Pacific, Inc.” Archived Sites. 25 August 2006. 10 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/arcsites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0904453

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004.

13 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for ILCO.” 6 June 2006. 10 October

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAD008387250

Additional Contacts:

Lori Parnass (PM), (818) 551-2856, lparnass@dtsc.ca.gov

Jere Johnson (SAM), 415-972-3094

Matt Mitguard (SAM), 415-972-3096
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

9

Site Information

Site Name: Baron Blakeslee

EPA ID No.: CAD074644659

Address: 8333 Enterprise Dr., Newark CA 94560

County: Alameda

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Baron Blakeslee was a chemical storage

and distribution center that is no longer in operation. In the past, the facility also operated as a

solvent recovery center for recovery of fluorinated and chlorinated solvents from waste liquids.

As a result of underground storage tank (UST) closure activities (Closure Report, December 13,

1995), the fire department recommended that the facility investigate their groundwater. As a

result, the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) began cleanup activities at the

facility. A CWC 13267 request for a technical report (January 27, 1994) stated that the high

levels of contaminants in soil and the ground water should be examined.

Baron Blakeslee was issued a RCRA permit on November 13, 1992 after its original RCRA

permitted issued on November 7, 1983 expired on November 7, 1988.

Description of Contamination: The facility’s soil and groundwater is contaminated with

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a ground water plume has migrated offsite

approximately 1000 feet to the west. Concentrations in ground water are as high as 130 mg/L

(ppm) for trichloroethylene (TCE). The revised site cleanup requirements order interim remedial

actions for soils and groundwater, as well as the proposal of a final remedial alternative.

Cleanup is on-going. However, the current cleanup cost is not available.

Sources of Information:

Cherie McCaulou (RWQCB) (510) 622-2342, Interview. 8 December 2005.

USEPA. “Baron Blakeslee.” Documentation of Environmental Indicator Determination.

5 February 1999. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/3a3dfc41fe9920c988256ac500795f3d/$FILE/B

aron%20659%20EI%2000.pdf

USEPA. “Baron Blakeslee.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000621284

USEPA. “Baron Blakeslee.” RCRA Corrective Action Environmental Indicator Forms

Addendum. 3 October 2000. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/3a3dfc41fe

9920c988256ac500795f3d/$FILE/Baron%20659%20+%2000.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

10

USEPA. “Baron Blakeslee.” RCRAInfo. 27 June 2002. 10 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcris_web.report?pgm_sys_id=CAD074644659

USEPA. “Baron Blakeslee.” CERCLIS. 25 August 2006. 10 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0900268

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Newark.” 6 June 2006. 10 October

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAD074644659
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

11

Site Information

Site Name: Berman Steel - Salinas

EPA ID No.: CAD981624950

Address: Highway 101 at Spence Road, Salinas, CA 93908

County: Monterey

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Berman Steel leased this two-acre

property from Southern Pacific Transportation Co. (SPTCo.) and operated a scrap metal

recycling and salvage yard facility. The facility used electrical transformers from Pacific Gas

and Electric Company (PG&E), which were dismantled on the property for recycling. During

recycling operations, PCBs from used transformers were spilled onto the ground. Heavy metal

contamination also resulted from recycling operations.

Description of Contamination: Contaminants at this site included lead, PCBs, copper and

compounds, and zinc.

A remedial action plan was completed on August 26, 1992. 1,377.2 cubic yards of soils were

excavated and disposed at a hazardous waste landfill. The existing concrete pads at the site were

demolished and used as a foundation for the cap. The entire site was capped with clayey soils

and vegetative cover. A deed restriction limiting future use of the property was recorded. Postclosure activities will consist of yearly inspection of the cap for indications of erosion, cracking,

or ponding of surface water. Any damage found in the cap will be repaired with soil cap material

or topsoil. The cap cover will be sampled yearly to determine if the contaminants are being taken

up by the vegetation. Vegetative cover will be cut yearly to prevent the growth of woody species.

Also, there will be a 5-year review to verify that the cleanup measures remain satisfactory.

Sources of Information:

Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Berman Steel-Salinas.” EnviroStor Database.

(n.d.) 15 January 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=27350001

US EPA. “Ebstone & Son, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 20 February 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcris_web.report?pgm_sys_id=CAD981624950

Additional Contacts:

Monica Gan (Project Manager), mgan@dtsc.ca.gov, 510-540-3748
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

12

Site Information

Site Name: Chemical and Pigment Company

EPA ID No.: CAD009159476

Address: 600 Nichols Road, Pittsburg, CA 94565

County: Contra Costa

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Beginning in 1960, this facility

processed zinc from galvanizing waste (zinc fines and dust containing trace metal contaminants)

to manufacture agricultural products, such as fertilizers and soil amendments. The zinc fines

contained metals that included lead, cadmium, and copper.

On November 5, 1997, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) issued

an administrative enforcement action against the facility for violations of the California

Hazardous Waste Control Law. The enforcement action was resolved by a Stipulation and

Order, effective March 16, 1998, which required the company to pay $50,000 in penalties. In

addition, DTSC determined that in order for the facility to continue its operations, a hazardous

waste facility permit would be required. Although the facility submitted a standardized permit

application in 1998, the facility ceased operations after filing for bankruptcy. It was an

unpermitted hazardous waste facility.

The site consists of eight buildings and other process equipment, a capped surface impoundment

and approximately 15,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil that has been stockpiled on site. The

site is completely fenced with an access gate on both the east and north sides. State funds are

being used to investigate the property.

Contamination and Relationship to Recycling at the Site: In 1978, a surface impoundment

was built to contain fluid by-products of the manufacturing process. In 1996, the surface

impoundment was capped in-place. In January 2002, DTSC’s Emergency Response Unit took

measures to stabilize the site and protect public health and the environment. These measures

included, covering the soil pile, putting locks on the gates, repairing holes in the fence, putting

hay bales around the site, removing abandoned chemicals that remained in the company

laboratory, removing all liquid waste from the tanks, and removing drummed and bagged waste

from the property.

In October 2002, DTSC issued an Imminent and Substantial Endangerment Determination and

Order which gave DTSC the ability to conduct additional investigation and cleanup activities at

the site. In December 2002, DTSC collected samples from the storm water runoff and found

elevated levels of lead and zinc. In January 2003, a storm water treatment system was installed to

collect and treat the rainwater that accumulates on the site. The water is treated to remove the

contaminants and discharges into a sanitary sewer under a permit from the Delta Diablo

Sanitation district.
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

13

Future cleanup actions include plans to stockpile soil and off-site disposal. The estimated volume

of the contaminated soil stockpile to be treated is 15,000 cubic yards.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances and Control. “Chemical & Pigment Company.”

EnviroStor database. (n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=07280017

California Department of Toxic Substances and Control. “Chemical & Pigment Site Fact Sheet.”

May 2003. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Projects/upload/Chemical-Pigment_FS.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances Control.

“Docket No. IS&E 02/03-005: Imminent and Substantial Endangerment Determination

And Order.” 18 October 2002. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Projects/upload/Chemical-PigmentCo_ISE_Order.pdf

USEPA. “Chemical and Pigment Company A Division of ESI Chem.” Envirofacts Data

Warehouse. (n.d.) 10 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002635738

Additional Contacts:

Jayantha Randeni (DTSC Project Manager), (510) 540-3806
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

14

Site Information

Site Name: Commodity Refining Exchange

EPA ID No.: CAD981402522

Address: 11847 United Street, Mojave, CA 93501

County: Kern

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Commodity Refining Exchange (CRE)

has been operating since 1970, recovering precious metals, primarily silver from photographic

film and limited quantities of gold from circuit boards. The site's previous owners recovered

copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) from circuit boards and insulated wire. Incineration of these materials

produced a waste dioxin ash that was deposited on various portions of the site. The site was

identified in 1988 as a result of contamination from discharges.

Description of Contamination: Because of the nature of the waste materials, the major pathway

of contamination is airborne transport by prevailing winds. The site is fenced to prevent direct

contact to the community. There is contaminated soil, but currently no evidence of groundwater

contamination. In May 1990, a polymer coating was applied to portions of the property to

prevent migration by wind. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC)

issued an I/SE Order to CRE and other potentially responsible parties (PRPs) in February 1991.

A removal action (RA) was conducted in June 1992 in the effected area. The RA involved the

hot spot removal of baghouse ash from the surface soils. These areas were restabilized with a soil

sealant.

An remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) characterizing the extent of

contamination in the effected area was completed in June 1993. The responsible party has

submitted a draft Remedial Action Plan (RAP) for review and approval from the DTSC. The

RAP proposes to cap in place, the effected area. DTSC approved a RAP in June of 1995. The

RAP calls for the capping of the contaminated areas with a geofab liner under a concrete cap.

Because the affected area had been stabilized to give CRE the ability to budget construction cap

into its operation, CRE was allowed to construct the cap over a 46-month period. CRE

implemented the Remedial Actions described in the RAP in 1996.

Due to its long operating history, much of the contamination probably occurred before 1982.

The total amount spent on cleanup at this site is approximately $200,000.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Commodity Refining Exchange.”

EnviroStor database. (n.d.). 12 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=15330008

Domingo, Danny. California Department of Toxic Substances Control (Project Manager),

ddomingo@dtsc.ca.gov, Email. 8 December 2005.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

15

Deed Restriction Document. “Commodity Refining Exchange.” 4 February 1997.

16 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Deeds/upload/SMBR_DEED_15330008.pdf

USEPA. “Commodity Resource and Environment.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d). 21

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002695450

Additional Contacts:

Danny Domingo (Project Manager), (559) 297-3932 DDomingo@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

16

Site Information

Site Name: Cooper Drum Co.

EPA ID No.: CAD055753370

Address: 9316 Atlantic Ave., South Gate, CA 90280

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: Final: 06/14/2001

In CERCLIS Database: 0903253

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: From 1941 until 1992, drum recycling

was conducted at this site by various owners. From 1971 to 1992, the Cooper Drum Co.

reconditioned closed-topped, steel drums that previously held a variety of industrial chemicals.

In a 1991 interview, Cooper Drum Co. representatives stated that approximately 70 percent of

the drums accepted for recycling were from oil companies, with the remaining 30 percent

including paint, resin, and solvent drums.

The reconditioning operation at this site was set up as an assembly line process along the length

of an elevated concrete floor in the southern portion of the property. It essentially consisted of

flushing and stripping the drums with sodium hydroxide in preparation for painting and resale.

Fluids generated by the reconditioning operation were conveyed to two holding tanks and five

clarifiers that bordered the north side of the elevated floor. The settled-out contents were pumped

out and transported off site for recycling or disposal. The liquid was circulated back into the

reconditioning process. Prior to the late 1980s, the holding tanks and clarifiers consisted of open

concrete sumps that were connected to each other and the reconditioning process tanks (e.g.,

flushers and strippers) by open concrete trenches. Since then, closed-top steel tanks were

installed over the sumps, with the sumps providing secondary containment, and the trenches

were replaced with hard piping. Until 1992, the hard wash operation was conducted in the

northern portion of the property and consisted of placing chains and sodium hydroxide inside the

drums, and then rotating the drums over four concrete sumps that were fitted with grates. In

1992, the hard wash operation was moved to the east end of the drum reconditioning facility on

the southern portion of the property. The sumps in the former hard wash area are no longer in

use.

In April 1987, the Los Angeles County Health Department (LACHD) Emergency Response

Team responded to an incident at the Tweedy Elementary School property. An unknown quantity

of highly caustic liquid waste had migrated via underground seepage from the Cooper Drum Co.

property. The waste resulted from the caustic wash water from the drum recycling process line

located in the building directly north of the school property. Initially, the waste was thought to

comprise mainly sodium hydroxide and oil. When contamination migrated onto school property,

the top layer of soil was excavated and the area was paved. Due to public health concerns,

Tweedy Elementary School has remained closed. In 1987, the City of South Gate also closed

four municipal wells due to volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination. However,

evidence suggests that the shallow aquifer and the lower Silverado Aquifer are hydraulically

connected, allowing the water to move between them. Municipal wells located within 4 miles of

the site supply drinking water to approximately 335,000 people; the nearest of these wells is
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

17

located within 1/2 mile of the site. An estimated 340,000 people live within 4 miles of the site.

The Cooper Drum Co. was sold to a new drum company in 1992, which employs 50 on-site

workers.

Description of Contamination: Analytical results from soil and sampling events conducted in

1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998, and a soil gas sampling in 1999, indicate that

VOCs are present at elevated concentrations in soils and soil gas beneath the concrete floor of

the reconditioning facility, proximal to the holding tanks and clarifiers, in the former hard wash

area, and in other areas of the site.

Analytical results from 1996 and 1998 monitoring well ground water sampling events and a 1998

Hydropunch (TM) groundwater sampling event indicate the presence of VOCs at concentrations

significantly above background levels in the two uppermost aquifers (Bellflower and Exposition

aquifers) beneath and hydraulically downgradient of the former hard wash area. The Bellflower,

Exposition, and Gage aquifers are interconnected within 2 miles of the Cooper Drum Co. site.

Eleven municipal drinking water wells, which draw from the Exposition and Gage aquifers, are

located within 4 miles of the site.

Immediate actions at this site consisted of the excavation of contaminated soils at the Tweedy

Elementary School in April of 1987 and soil and groundwater analysis. The selected remedy for

soil uses dual phase extraction for treatment of VOCs in soil. Other non-VOC soil contaminants,

including SVOCs, PCBs, and lead, will be excavated for disposal. Institutional controls will be

implemented to prevent exposure to soil contaminants where excavation is not feasible. The

total cost of this cleanup in 2002 was $2.77 million. The cleanup strategy for groundwater

contaminated with VOCs will use a combination of methods to achieve remedial goals and to

restore the potential beneficial use of the aquifer as a drinking water source. The total cost in

2002 for this cleanup was $5.36 million.

Sources of Information:

Agency of Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. “Preliminary Public Health

Assessment: Cooper Drum.” 7 February 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/cooperdrum/coo_p1.html

NOAA’s National Ocean Service: Office of Response and Restoration. “Coastal

Hazardous Waste Site Review: Cooper.” (n.d.) 7 February 2006.

http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/book_shelf/159_Cooper.pdf

USEPA. “Cooper Drum Company.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 7 February 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0903253

USEPA. “Cooper Drum Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d). 7 February 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001167399.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

18

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Cooper Drum Co.” 27 September 2002.

7 February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0902029.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Cooper Drum Co.” (n.d.) 7 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplfs/fs0903253.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Cooper Drum Co.” 14 June 2001. 7 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0903253.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Fact Sheet: Cooper Drum Co.” June 2002. 7 February 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/fsheet.nsf/024bc4d43f9aa0f48825650f005a714e/d1c4cd

bd55c6bfe188256ff900678d10/$FILE/cooper-drum-proposed-plan%2006-02.PDF

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Cooper Drum Co. CERCLIS. 25 August 2006. 10

October 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Eric Yunker (EPA Site Manager), (415) 972-3159, yunker.eric@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

19

Site Information

Site Name: Davis Chemical Company

EPA ID No.: CAD070215355

Address: 1550 North Bonnie Beach Pl. Los Angeles, CA 90063

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Davis Chemical Company operated as a

recycler of spent solvents and transporter of waste solvents from various small manufacturing

operations from 1949 until 1990, when it went out of business. Davis reportedly accepted and

processed wastes using distillation chlorinated and petroleum-based solvents throughout its

operational history. Since 1953, the predominant process at the facility has been reclaiming

acetone/polyester resin wastes from the fiberglass industry. However, according to hazardous

waste manifests, other types of solvents were also sent to the facility. The property is located on

a 1/3-acre lot in East Los Angeles in a light industrial area that includes some residential use.

Davis collected waste polyester resin dissolved in acetone in 55-gallon drums. The solutions

were then pumped into an 800-gallon feed tank that served as the distillation equipment. After

the solids settled, the acetone waste was distilled through one of two steam-heated vaporization

units (a 150-gallon/hour unit and a 40-gallon/hour unit). The distilled acetone was then placed in

55-gallon containers for resale.

Around 1980, Davis installed four stainless steel underground storage tanks (USTs) at the facility

- two 2,500-gallon reclaimed solvent tanks and two 6,000- gallon waste solvent tanks. No

secondary containment or release controls were installed on these tanks. These USTs were

removed under the supervision of Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (LADPW)

in November 1989. According to LADPW records, the sampling conducted in 1989 and 1990 by

Davis and its contractor did not adequately address the possibility of a release from these tanks.

From August 1, 1990, to October 23, 1990, Betterbilt Chemicals (EPA ID# CAD981686249)

operated fuel blending activities and recovered acetone from waste polyester resins at the facility

and also acted as a hazardous waste transporter. Flammable wastes (liquid and solid) were

accepted at the facility and then shipped offsite for disposal by incineration at Systech Inc., a

cement kiln facility in Lebec, California (EPA ID# CAT080031628). DTSC issued a Directive to

Comply on October 23, 1990, ordering Davis to cease and desist all hazardous waste treatment

and storage operations, stating that the facility was conducting unpermitted operations such as

accepting flammable solids and liquids, blending flammable solids and liquids as fuel for

Systech Inc., and treating waste paint related material by distillation.

USEPA conducted a preliminary assessment of the site in 1992, noting “significant spillage,”

and recommended referral to the state RCRA program for further clean-up administered by the

California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC).
Appendix 2

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20

On October 2, 1997, DTSC’s Statewide Compliance Branch referred the site to DTSC’s Site

Mitigation Program. In June 1999, in an effort to commence the remedial investigation (RI)

process and recover associated costs, DTSC sent out information request letters to potentially

responsible parties, namely Betterbilt, Diana Davis (a trustee of the Ernest Davis Estate), and

Donald Williams, former manager of Davis. Betterbilt and Diana Davis responded to the letter

but Donald Williams failed to respond. The response from Betterbilt stated that it had never

owned or operated the facility but was at one point negotiating to purchase the property.

Betterbilt said it never finalized the purchase because it was unable to obtain a permit to operate

as a TSD facility. Betterbilt did not provide information concerning the type and quantities of

hazardous substances it delivered to the facility, even though it was one of the transporters of

hazardous waste to the facility, according to hazardous waste manifests obtained from DTSC’s

headquarters office.

Description of Contamination: A site reconnaissance visit by Ecology and Environment, Inc.

in 1992 for the USEPA, revealed evidence of poor housekeeping, significant spillage of waste

solvents and resin, and deteriorated concrete flooring throughout the facility. Currently,

hazardous wastes are not known to be stored on the property.

The solvents managed at the facility through the recycling process included acetone, methylene

chloride, trichloroethane (TCA), trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), xylene, methyl

ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), toluene, methanol, ethanol, and paint thinners.

Smith-Emery Geoservices analyzed 15 soil samples in November 1996. Eight of the samples

were found to exceed the action levels of one or more of the following compounds: 1,1,2-

trichloroethane (TCA), tetrachloroethene (PCE), and 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane. The hazardous

waste regulatory level at the time for PCE in soil, according to title 22, California Code of

Regulations, section 66261.24, was 700 ppb. No hazardous waste levels are specified for TCA

and 1,1,2,2,-tetrachloroethane in soil. The highest concentrations detected for 1,1,2,2-

tetrachloroethane, PCE and TCA were 16 ppb, 1200 ppb, and 64 ppb respectively.

The boundary of the Central Groundwater Basin is approximately 1 mile south of the site. Two

of the 1996 soil borings showed levels of some volatile organic compounds increasing with

depth, thereby raising the possibility that groundwater, if it exists beneath the site, may be

contaminated.

A 2002 Consent Order determined that the recyclers at the site should undertake the costs of

cleanup and pay DTSC $20,000 for previous clean up costs.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Davis Chemical Company.” EnviroStor

database. (n.d.) 12 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=19281215
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

21

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Imminent and Substantial Endangerment

Determination and Consent Order.” December 2002. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Projects/upload/DavisChemicalCo_SMBRP_ENF_

ORDER_ISECO.pdf

USEPA. “Davis Chem Co.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002656117

Additional Contacts:

Safouh Sayed, (714) 484-5478, ssayed@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

22

Site Information

Site Name: Enviropur West Corporation

EPA ID No.: CA0001562370

Address: 1835 E. 29th St., Signal Hill, CA 90806

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0905333

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Enviropur West Corporation treated

hazardous waste and waste oil at its Signal Hill facility from 1984 until it went bankrupt in 1996.

The Bankruptcy Trustee abandoned the Enviropur West property in September 1996, leaving

behind tanks and drums containing approximately 1 million gallons of ignitable hazardous waste.

The site also included abandoned tank trucks and semitrailers full of drums of waste. Many of

the tanks and drums were rusted through and were releasing extremely hazardous organic vapors.

Description of Contamination: The tanks and drums were releasing extremely hazardous

organic vapors.

The State of California asked USEPA for assistance with the site. USEPA immediately

addressed the emergency by maintaining the flare vapor recovery system, providing site security

at Enviropur, and removing the waste for off-site treatment.

USEPA’s legal team went to work finding potentially responsible parties to pay for the removal.

USEPA has reached a proposed agreement with some of the major generators, including 14

federal agencies—primarily military—and nine private parties. Under the proposed agreement,

these major generators will pay for 75 percent of the removal costs (estimated at $2.49 million).

USEPA intends to pursue nonsettlers for the remaining costs of removal of the aboveground

waste.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Enviropur West Corporation.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0905333

USEPA. “Enviropur West Corporation.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000610269

USEPA. “EPA Responds to Emergency at Abandoned Facility: EPA Reaches Settlement to Pay

for Waste Removal at Enviropur West Corporation.” June 1997. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/fsheet.nsf/024bc4d43f9aa0f48825650f005a714e/18325

29aa3e920268825655b006ed2e1/$FILE/ENVPUR.PDF

Additional Contacts:

Richard Martyn (OSC) (415) 744-2288

Jere Johnson (SAM) (415) 972-3094
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

23

Matt Mitguard (SAM), (415) 972-3096

Dawn Richmond (SAM), (415) 972-3097
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

24

Site Information

Site Name: Federated Metals

EPA ID No.: CAD009134636

Address: 1901 Cesar Chavez St. (formerly Army St.) San Francisco, CA

94124

County: San Francisco

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived (as ASARCO)

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site was previously owned by

Federated Metals Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of ASARCO. Historic operations at

the site included the production of lead and brass ingots. Materials used in the production of

these ingots were brass and bronze scrap metals, oxides of tin and lead, and pure forms of tin and

lead. Oxides formed during the company’s smelting process to produce the ingots were removed

and deposited onsite. DTSC estimates that during Federated Metals Corporation’s operations at

the site from 1939 to 1987 approximately 122 cubic yards of lead slag and 1,500 cubic yards of

crushed and washed battery boxes (manufactured before 1950) were deposited on the property.

Description of Contamination: DTSC found levels of lead and mercury in the site’s soil above

USEPA industrial soil screening levels. In spring 2003, the site was graded and paved with

asphalt. A deed restriction was placed on the property to limit future uses of the site to industrial

or commercial redevelopment. Bridgeview Management Company, the current property owner,

has agreed to maintain the site.

The $100,000 cleanup, certified in November 2003, was funded with state monies.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances and Control. “DTSC Certifies Federated Metals

Site.” 12 December 2003. 16 October 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PressRoom/upload/NEWS_2003_T-37-03.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances and Control. “Federated Metals Site Cleanup.”

EnviroStor database. (n.d). 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=38330005

USEPA. “Federated Metals Corp.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002635328

Additional Contacts:

Edgardo Gillera, (510) 540-3826, EGILLERA@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

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25

Site Information

Site Name: Gibson Environmental

EPA ID No.: CAD980883177

Address: 2401 Gibson St. (end of Commercial Drive), Bakersfield, CA

93308

County: Kern

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Gibson Environmental is an abandoned

treatment and storage facility for waste oil and contaminated soil that operated from 1978 until

1995. The property had been operated as an oil refinery since the 1940s. In 1978, Gibson Oil

and Refining bought the subject property and constructed a crude oil refining operation, which it

operated on site until 1986. From June 1987 to October 1995, the site was operated as Gibson

Environmental and was primarily a used oil storage and soil treatment facility. It received used

oil and certain other oily wastes, as well as contaminated soils, which were treated using a

fixation process on-site.

The facility operated under a permit issued by the Department of Toxic Substances Control

(DTSC) on June 28, 1988, and was given interim status authorization obtained for newly

regulated wastes on September 18, 1990. The permit and interim status authorization terminated

on February 4, 1998 when DTSC denied the facility’s permit renewal and permit application,

based in part on repeated violations, including:

• unauthorized acceptance, storage and treatment of hazardous waste;

• failure to comply with design and operating requirements for hazardous waste piles;

• failure to comply with water quality monitoring requirements; and

• failure to provide required liability insurance and closure cost financial assurance.

In October 1994, DTSC filed a civil lawsuit against the owners and operators of Gibson

Environmental alleging numerous violations of hazardous waste laws. Gibson filed for

bankruptcy and in 1995 stopped accepting new waste.

Description of Contamination: DTSC issued an Imminent and/or Substantial Endangerment

Determination and Order and Remedial Action Order to over 40 potentially responsible parties

(PRPs) after DTSC sampling of seventeen steel tanks, two poly-tanks, three sumps, and multiple

unlined, weathered waste piles from October 11, 1999, through October 15, 1999. DTSC

estimated that there was approximately 850,000 gallons of contaminated wastewater, waste oil,

and sludge present. The DTSC investigation uncovered evidence that six tanks had slow leaks,

five had leaking valves, and one tank showed evidence of a seep from the sidewall. These tank

wastes were contaminated with lead, PCB, benzene, and naphthalene. The tank farms were

abandoned in 1995 and eroded until their cleanup.
Appendix 2

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26

In 2000, remediation at the site was being conducted under a state superfund clean up order. The

site clean up is being funded and managed by a PRP group under DTSC’s Permitting Branch

supervision.

The PRP Group, under DTSC oversight, began cleanup work on January 17, 2000. Initial work

focused on site security and liquid removal from the above ground storage tanks. The removal

of sludge was initiated in September 2000, and demolition began in October of 2000. When the

removal action was completed in June of 2001, approximately 740,000 gallons of liquids,

including contaminated rainwater, and 1800 tons of sludge had been removed from the site and

disposed of in several permitted hazardous waste facilities throughout the country. All tanks

have been removed.

In August 2002, a tall heating tower was taken down and removed from the site. In March 2003,

additional surface equipment was taken down and removed. The only remaining surface

equipment is a tank that will be used to hold water for future cleanup activities. In January 2003,

chemical dust suppressant was applied to stabilize the soil piles. Field work implementing this

work plan began in October of 2002. Initial data from this work has been evaluated and a work

plan for additional follow-up investigations was approved on June 16, 2003. This additional

field work was completed in July of 2003.

As of August 2003, there was approximately 80,000 cubic yards of impacted soil stockpiled onsite in five large soil piles. This impacted soil is related to Gibson Environmental’s soil

treatment activities. The PRPs developed a work plan, approved by DTSC in April 2001, to

investigate the piles. The work was completed and the analytical results indicate that three of the

soil stockpiles contain California hazardous waste. These piles are contaminated with lead,

PCBs, benzene, naphthalene, and hydrocarbons and were subject to erosion and wind dispersion.

As of 2000, the facility had site-wide soil contamination especially in the tank farm area.

Groundwater was also suspected to be contaminated. The site has shallow groundwater and

porous soil. There are residences and businesses nearby. There have been complaints from

nearby businesses about particulates coming from the site.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Department Denies Gibson Environmental

Permit Appeal.” 18 February 1998. 16 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PressRoom/upload/t-02-98.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Docket No. I&SE 99/00-002: Imminent

and/or Substantial Endangerment Determination and Order and Remedial Action Order.”

(n.d.). 16 January 2006.

http://165.235.111.242/HazardousWaste/Projects/upload/Gibson_ENF_order.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances. “I&S Order Issued to Bakersfield Facility.”

16 November 1999. 16 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PressRoom/upload/t-23-99.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

27

California Department of Toxic Substances. “Update on Site Cleanup: Gibson Environmental.”

August 2003. 16 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/Projects/upload/Gibson_FS_CA-0803.pdf

USEPA. “Documentation of Determination: Gibson Environmental.” 5 February 1999.

16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/2c0ad9846d8d31de88256ac50082b5b9/$FILE/

Gibson_177_EI_00.PDF

USEPA. “Gibson Environmental.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000916359

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Environmental Indicator Forms: Additional

Questions: Gibson Environmental.” 27 April 2000. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/2c0ad9846

d8d31de88256ac50082b5b9/$FILE/Gibson%20177%20+%2000.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Gregory Honzay (Project Manager, Hazardous Waste Management Program, DTSC),

(916) 255-6678, GHonzay@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

28

Site Information

Site Name: GNB Incorporated (now Exide Technologies)

EPA ID No.: CAD097854541

Address: 2700 S. Indiana St., Vernon CA 90023

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived (as Gould Inc Metals Div LA Smelter)

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The facility, formally known as GNB

Incorporated (now Exide Technologies), is a lead smelter that refines and recycles lead bearing

scrap materials primarily from spent lead-acid batteries. The reclaimed lead is used to produce

marketable lead and lead alloys. The facility has been operating since 1922. Although some

control measures are reportedly being taken by GNB to reduce future releases, little has been

done to identify the nature and extent of past releases or to remediate such releases.

In 1990, California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) completed a RCRA

Facility Assessment. In 2002, DTSC issued a Corrective Action Consent Order requiring Exide

to implement corrective action, including characterizing contamination of 76 different units or

areas of concern and Corrective Measures Implementation.

In 2003, DTSC issued a Consent Order for the storage of used lead-acid batteries at three off-site

locations. The Order assessed a $40,000 penalty, but delayed payment in light of Exide's 2002

petition for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

The most recent RCRA compliance evaluation inspection was done by California on May 31,

2005. A compliance order was filed on June 30, 1999. It is unclear whether a penalty was

associated with this order. Currently, the facility has an operating permit with approved controls

in place.

This site was never RCRA permitted.

Description of Contamination: Significant contamination is present in all media at the facility.

Lead levels in sediment from the stormwater retention basin (surface impoundment) were as high

as 40 percent. There is also groundwater contamination, including trichloroethylene (TCE) at a

maximum concentration of 2,600 ppb. A rendering plant (meat packaging) is located next to the

facility, which may receive airborne contaminants from GNB. Additionally, it appears that there

has been surface run-off or discharges that contained lead to surface water from the site. During

facility operations, dust is generated from contaminated soil both indoors and outdoors.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Docket HWCA 2005-0560 Stipulation and

Order.” 15 November 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&pageid=1100

73
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

29

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Docket No.: P3-01/02-010.”

16 January 2006.

http://165.235.111.242/HazardousWaste/Projects/upload/Exide_ENF_coraction_hwm_03

1203.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “GNB Batteries.” EnviroStor database.

(n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=19280087

EPA Region 9. “Documentation of Determination: GNB Incorporated.” 2 May 1999. 16 January

2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/dfd67afce9

bbb9c288256ac50082d85e/$FILE/GNB%20541%20EI%2000.pdf

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 22 November

2005.

EPA Region 9. “RCRA Corrective Action Forms Addendum: GNB Incorporated.”

4 May 2000. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/dfd67afce9

bbb9c288256ac50082d85e/$FILE/GNB%20541%20+%2000.pdf

USEPA. “Exide Technologies Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January

2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000609921

USEPA. “GNB Incorporated.” RCRAInfo. 7 November 2002. 18 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Exide Technologies.” 06 June

2006. 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAD097854541

Additional Contacts:

Thomas Wideman, (323) 262-1101

Penny Nakashima, (818) 551-2900, pnakashima@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

30

Site Information

Site Name: John Alexander Research

EPA ID No.: CAD980887350

Address: 1753 Sierra Highway, Rosamond, CA 93560

County: Kern

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Dr. John Alexander recycled nickel

catalysts at this 5-acre site. The site was on the state superfund list and was part of the

Rosamond Cancer Cluster Investigation. The California Department of Toxic Substances

Control (DTSC) conducted an onsite inspection and inventory of waste in 1988, and in the years

that followed, conducted additional site inspections.

USEPA issued an Administrative Order to Alexander Research in January 1990. The Order

required securing and repackaging all leaking drums; chemically characterizing all drummed

materials; transporting off site for disposal or treatment of approximately 2,300 drums; cleaning

out the onsite acid pits; and applying a polymer sealant to the soil. This work was completed in

June 1990. DTSC issued an Imminent or Substantial Endangerment/ Remedial Action Order

(I/SE & RAO) for this site in April 1991. A remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS)

were completed in May 1992. Bench scale treatability studies were conducted to determine the

site specific viability of soil washing for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. The

results of this work did not support use of soil washing. Therefore, the remedial option proposed

in the Draft Remedial Action Plan (RAP) is to consist of on-site consolidation and capping.

DTSC sued for response cost recovery in 1998. The 2002 court judgment in favor of DTSC was

appealed. In 2003, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the decision. DTSC

and Dr. Alexander negotiated the final settlement amount of $405,000 which covers DTSC costs

through September 30, 2000, attorney fees of the Attorney General's office, and the CERCLA

post judgment interest.

Description of Contamination: The site is contaminated with heavy metals in waste piles,

debris, and spillage on soils. The property was reported to have approximately 500 drums

containing nickel catalyst onsite. An on-site sump contains hazardous levels of nickel (Ni), lead

(Pb) and zinc (Zn). Copper (Cu), Ni and Pb were found at high concentrations in soil and waste

samples obtained from the site. Arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd),

antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Ti), vanadium (V) and Zn were also found at hazardous

levels. A preliminary assessment with soil and groundwater sampling was done by DTSC in

August 1988.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “$405,000 Settlement Reached with
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

31

Dr. John Alexander.” 21 October 2003. 16 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&pageid=5317

3

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “John Alexander.” EnviroStor database.

(n.d.). 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=15330004

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 22 November

2005.

USEPA. “John Alexander Research.” CERCLIS database. 25 August 2006. 16 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/cactinfo.cfm?id=0903579

USEPA. “John Alexander Research.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110006468811

USEPA. “John Alexander Research.” RCRAInfo. 16 October 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

32

Site Information

Site Name: K & D Salvage Yard

EPA ID No.:

Address: 600 South Union Ave. Bakersfield, CA 93307

County: Kern

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: From 1958 to 1989, the site was used as

a metal recycler and storage facility. The site encompasses approximately 10 acres of fenced,

vacant land, and is located in an area of town that houses light industry, commercial businesses,

and some residences. Directly south of the site is the abandoned Benham and Johnson/Double

“D” metal recycling facility. Though the sites are adjacent, they are being dealt with as two

separate projects due to the different industrial activities that occurred at each of them.

The site was used for storage and recycling of metal from 1958 until 1989, when it was

abandoned by its owners. For the next 10 years, the site was subject to unauthorized dumping

and occupied by transients. In October 1998, the California Department of Toxic Substances

Control (DTSC) removed debris, such as household items and furniture, in preparation of

conducting preliminary soil sampling in the winter of 1999.

Description of Contamination: On June 7, 1990, DTSC received an anonymous phone call

indicating that wastes from old transformers and old cars were disposed of at the property. On

August 15, 1990, the DTSC inspected the property and collected two soil samples. Field

inspections showed the presence of waste materials spreading over the property and into an old

pit. Soil samples collected at the site were found to contain elevated levels of copper, lead, and

zinc. Samples were not analyzed for other chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs.

On April 19, 1996, the Kern County Environmental Health Services Department (Kern County)

notified the DTSC that soils at the former K&D Salvage Yard may have been contaminated with

elevated levels of PCBs because PCBs were detected in the soils removed from the site.

Analyses of the sampling in 1999 confirmed that site soil is contaminated with polychlorinated

biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals, including lead and zinc.

A remedial investigation report was completed in June 2000, a Risk Assessment was completed

in May 2001, and an Alternative Evaluation (AE) was completed in November 2001. The AE

indicated that a removal action could be completed for around $1 million.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances and Control. “K & D Salvage.” EnviroStor database.

(n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=15500001
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

33

California Department of Toxic Substances and Control. “K & D Salvage Fact Sheet.” February

2003. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Projects/upload/K&DSalvage_FS_DRAW.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances and Control. “K & D Salvage Site Cleanup.” (n.d.).

23 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/database/CalSites/CALP001.CFM?IDNUM=15500001

Additional Contacts:

Maria Gillette (DTSC), (916) 255-3953, MGILLETT@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

34

Site Information

Site Name: Liquid Chemical Corp.

EPA ID No.: CAD990769465

Address: 10585 Industrial Avenue, Hanford, CA 93230

County: Kings

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0900394

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Liquid Chemical Corporation (LCC) is

a former fertilizer manufacturer. The site was operational from 1970 until the late 1980's. It

produced liquid and dry zinc sulfate fertilizers utilizing hazardous waste (RCRA waste code

K061) dust from the primary production of steel as a raw material. Mineral King Minerals

(MKM) has leased the facility from LCC. MKM continues to produce zinc sulfate fertilizer and

other organic fertilizers utilizing non-hazardous waste raw materials.

LCC was near bankrupt in 2001 and the current lessee, MKM, was under no obligation to collect

environmental data or remediate the site. Although not obligated to do so, the lessee has

voluntarily conducted extensive soil excavation at the site. MKM has been working voluntarily

with USEPA to address the contaminated surface soils by consolidating them into the former

disposal lagoons and capping them. MKM has verbally agreed to collect additional groundwater

samples to determine if groundwater is impacted.

This site was not RCRA permitted.

Description of Contamination: Soils at the facility have been heavily impacted by metals

contamination consisting of lead (at concentrations up to 7%), zinc, cadmium, chromium, arsenic

and others. Soil contamination is believed to occur primarily in surficial soils down to 2 - 3 feet

below ground surface. Several large disposal ponds exist on site and contain waste sludge (now

dry granular waste) with high concentrations of metals. Results from ground water monitoring

data are inconclusive. However, older data is of poor quality, but suggests that metals have

leached to groundwater at concentrations of concern. Additional data are needed to determine if

LCC has impacted ground water. The primary contaminated media of concern in terms of human

exposures is soil.

Elevated lead blood levels in site workers were noted in 1985. Surface impoundments were not

closed in 1984 because the facility was intending to reclaim all the sludges. The product

contained 10 percent zinc, 2-3 percent lead, along with levels of copper, cadmium, and chrome.

Potential sources of contamination (ponds with insufficient freeboard, K061 waste pile without

wind controls) were observed after the effective date of RCRA.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 9. “Documentation of Determination: Liquid Chemical.” 5 February 1999.

17 January 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

35

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/22acf29f5bba333688256acc00752419/$FILE/Li

quid%20Chemical%20465%20EI%2000.pdf

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 22 November

2005.

USEPA. “Liquid Chemical Corp.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 24 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0900394

USEPA. “Liquid Chemical Corp.” RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 10 October 2006.

USEPA. “Mineral King Minerals, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110020489719

USEPA. “RCRA Cleanup Reforms Success Stories: Liquid Chemical

Corporation – Rapid Site Characterization and Contaminant Reduction.”

11 October 2001. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/CF60DA596A96ACBD88256ED100569379?O

penDocument

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Environmental Indicator Forms Addendum: Liquid

Chemical Corp.” 26 March 1999. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/22acf29f5bba333688256acc00752419/$FILE/Li

quid%20Chemical%20465%20+%2000.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Jere Johnsone (Site Assessment Manager), (415) 972-3094

Matt Mitguard (Site Assessment Manager), (415) 972-3096

Barry Cofer (RCRA inspector), 415-972-3303
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

36

Site Information

Site Name: Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.

EPA ID No.: CAD029295706

Address: 1515 S 10th St., San Jose, CA 95112

County: Santa Clara

NPL Site: Final: 10/04/89

In CERCLIS Database: 0901287

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co. recycled

drums at a plant in San Jose. It began receiving barrels in 1947. Many of the drums contained

residual aqueous wastes, organic solvents, acids, oxidizers, caustic residues, and oils. Between

1950 and 1978, a drainage ditch carried process wastes to a large sump in the northern corner of

property, and other pond areas existed on site. Wastes from the sump were discharged to a storm

drain system. Sometime between 1968 and 1971, the discharge was diverted to a sanitary sewer;

investigations indicate that this discharge occurred until 1983 or 1984. After this time, liquid

wastes were reportedly evaporated, drummed, and disposed of as hazardous waste along with

incinerator ash, residual liquids, and sludge. Surface runoff was collected and recycled in a drum

wash.

The plant received Interim Status under Subtitle C of RCRA concurrently with the company’s

filing of Part A of the permit application. This site was removed as a treatment, storage, or

disposal facility because it was deemed not to engage in hazardous waste activities. The facility

never properly managed the residuals from its drum-refitting operation. Ultimately, it stored

residuals in drums that it was unable to refit. Before that, it had been known to store residuals in

pits and merely drain them down the gutter. The facility was shut down in Feb 1986 and in July

1987 the owner was sentenced to 2 years in jail and fined $2.04 million.

Description of Contamination: Monitored wells are contaminated with trichloroethane,

trichloroethylene, 1-1 dichloroethylene, and tetracholoroethylene (PCE) due to the overflowing

of sumps and spills. The California Department of Health Services (CDHS) discovered more

than 300 drums contaminated by phenols, methylene chloride, and PCBs stored on the property.

In 1988, CDHS and the USEPA capped the site and removed 26,000 drums and 3,000 cubic

yards of contaminated soil. Also, the site was fenced, and most of the site area was paved. In

1994, USEPA removed 1033 tons of industrial wastes, 15 tons of hazardous waste liquids, and

1200 containers including 150 drums of solvents, 23 drums of ash, and over a ton of asbestos.

Groundwater cleanup remedies were selected in 1988 that included building an on-site

groundwater extraction and a treatment system which uses an ozone/ultraviolet process for

organic removal with discharge of treated water to a local creek. In early 1991, a group of

potentially responsible parties completed optimization studies. In late 1992, construction of the

system was completed, and full-scale operation and maintenance project began. Groundwater

treatment is expected to continue for 30 years.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

37

In 1993, the USEPA completed an investigation to determine the extent and type of

contamination at the site. Based on the results from this investigation, the USEPA selected a

remedy that includes a soil vapor extraction system to clean contaminated soil and an asphaltconcrete cap to contain soil contaminated with heavy metals. The estimated cost of this cleanup

was $1,970,000. In 1996, the remaining underground conduits and contaminated sumps were

removed and the contaminated soil and building debris was disposed off site. By 1998, all

remedial action construction for the site was complete.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.”

EnviroStor database. (n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=43300026

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.” 26 August 1993.

17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0993094.pdf

USEPA. “Five-Year Review: Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.” 27 September 2000.

17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f00-09008.pdf

USEPA. “Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.” CERCLIS. 7 December 2005. 16 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0901287

USEPA. “Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002641954

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.” 4 October 1989. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0901287.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co.” 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplfs/fs0901287.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Shiann-Jang Chern (RPM)

Jere Johnson (SAM), (415) 972-3094

Chris Weden (OSC), (415) 972-3041
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

38

Site Information

Site Name: Mobile Smelting

EPA ID No.: CAD050096163

Address: United Street and Reed Road, Mojave, CA 93501

County: Kern

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Mobile Smelting began operations in

1961 doing automobile restoration. These operations ended in 1970. Beginning sometime in the

1960s, operations expanded to include aluminum and copper recovery ending in 1983, resuming

in 1986, and concluding in 1992. Part of the Rosamond Cancer Cluster Investigation, the site

operated sporadically through 1990. The Mobile Smelting site consists of a fenced 11-acre

parcel. Copper and aluminum were recovered from insulated wire and scrap metal via an

incinerator. Airborne incinerator ash is recovered in the bag house air pollution equipment.

Following collection, the ash is placed in plastic bags and then inside burlap bags which are then

stored in a trailer located on- site. The furnace/bottom ash is collected at the base of the furnace

and deposited in piles outside the building. Past ash handling practices are unknown.

Contamination was discovered in 1988.

Description of Contamination: In March 1994, the smelter was dismantled and

decontaminated. Receipts obtained from the facility operator have identified approximately 250

contributors as potentially responsible parties (PRPs). The first phase of the potential responsible

party search consisted of verifying those PRPs identified from receipts and sending information

request letters in order to obtain the source of material and further records of transactions. The

first phase of the PRP search was completed in May 1993. The second phase of the PRP search

consisted of sending information request letters to additional contributors identified from site

records and generators identified by contributors. This phase 2 PRP search report was

completed in May 1994. The PRPs will conduct the site investigation and cleanup and pay past

costs incurred.

California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) cleanup and removal expenditures

have exceeded $1.6 million. Soil/ash samples indicate dioxin/furan (2378 TCDD, TEF)

contamination as high as 323,000 parts per billion (ppb) in the bag house ash, and 20 ppb in the

ash piles outside the building. Also detected in the bag house ash was cadmium as high as 840

ppm, copper at 120,000 ppm, and lead at 64,000 ppm. A polymer coating sprayed on the

contaminated ash and soil was completed in November 1990. In March 1993, ash material

contaminated with heavy metals and dioxins was removed from outside the southern boundary of

the site. Residents in a near-by apartment complex may be subject to exposure via wind or direct

contact with contaminated ash or soil. The California Department of Health Services (DHS)

obtained a court-approved stipulation agreement for the purpose of obtaining access to the site

and preventing future operation of the onsite incineration. In 1998, a polymer sealant was applied

to site soils and ash piles to eliminate the potential off-site movement of dust and contained
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

39

runoff. DTSC conducted further sampling in August of 2001. There is no known groundwater

contamination on site.

In 2000, DTSC entered into a settlement with Herman Berkovics for $75,000. The settlement

included $50,000 in insurance proceeds and $25,000 from Mr. Berkovics. DTSC settled with

Mr. Berkovics after reviewing his financial status and determining that he had insufficient funds

to contribute more than the settlement amount for site cleanup.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Mobile Smelting.” EnviroStor database

(n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=15330011

California Department of Toxic Substances Control – Work Notice. “DTSC to Resume Sampling

Around Mobile Smelting, United Street and Reed Avenue.” August 2001. 17 January

2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Projects/upload/MobileSmelting_fs_WorkNotice_08

01.pdf

USEPA. “Mobile Smelting.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110008262030

Additional Contacts:

Ruben Medina (Project Manager), (559) 297-3908, rmedina@dtsc.ca.gov

Nathan Schumacher (Public Participation Specialist), (916) 255-3650, nschumac@dtsc.ca.gov

Ron Baker (Media Contact), (916) 324-3142
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

40

Site Information

Site Name: Myers Drum

EPA ID No.: CAD009123217

Address: 6549 San Pablo Ave, Oakland, CA 94608

County: Alameda

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This facility operated as a drum

recycling facility from 1939 through 1991. As late as 1989, 20,000 drums were stored in the

yard awaiting reconditioning, 95 percent on their sides. Ninety-nine percent of all drums

accepted at the facility for reconditioning previously held hazardous materials. The facility

exhibited evidence of very poor housekeeping including spillage, sump overflow, and structural

failure of underground sumps and pipelines. This resulted in massive releases of mobile

hazardous compounds under the facility. Potential/confirmed hazardous waste include

adhesives, alkaline and aqueous solutions with metals, arsenic, baghouse waste, contaminated

soil, halogenated organic compounds, hydrocarbon and oxygenated solvents, lead, metal dust

and machining waste, metal sludge, off specification, aged, or surplus inorganics and inorganics,

organic liquids with metals, organic solids with halogens, pesticide containers, solids or sludges

w/ halogenated organic compounds, unspecified alkaline solutions, unspecified organic liquid

mixtures, other sludge waste, waste oil, and mixed oil.

Description of Contamination: This site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds

(VOCs) in soil and groundwater and heavy metals in soil. In 1989, a completed preliminary

assessment indicated that soils at the site were contaminated with metals (lead, zinc, and

arsenic), volatile organic compounds (toluene, xylene, and propanol), semi-volatile organic

compounds (naphthalene and phenol), and total petroleum hydrocarbons. Two localized

groundwater plumes were identified. Clay soil was added in 1999 to minimize vapor releases,

residential development proposed in 2003.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Myers Drum.” EnviroStor database.

(n.d.). 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=01340111

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

22 November 2006.

USEPA. “Myers Drum.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002635131

Additional Contacts:

Ted Park (PM), (510) 540-3805, tpark@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

41

Site Information

Site Name: Omega Chemical Corporation

EPA ID No.: CAD042245001

Address: 12504 and 12512 E. Whittier Boulevard, Whittier, CA 90602

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: Final: 1/19/99

In CERCLIS Database: 0903349

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Omega Chemical Corporation

operated as a spent solvent and refrigerant recycling and treatment facility. During its years of

operation from 1976 until 1991, drums and bulk loads of waste solvent and chemicals from

various industrial activities were processed to form commercial products. Chemical, thermal, and

physical treatment processes are believed to have been used to recycle and reuse the waste

materials. This facility did not report itself as a recycler on RCRA notification forms.

In 1995, following four years of effort by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control

(DTSC) to clean up the facility, the site owner pleaded guilty to two felony counts of illegal

storage and disposal of hazardous waste.

This site was not RCRA permitted.

Description of Contamination: High concentrations of tetrachloroethene (PCE),

trichloroethene (TCE), and other chlorinated hydrocarbons were found in subsurface soil and

groundwater. During 1995, USEPA’s Superfund Emergency Response Office oversaw removal

activities, during which several thousand drums of hazardous wastes were removed from the

property. In 1996, the potentially responsible party (PRP), with USEPA oversight, undertook

the collection and analyses of some preliminary subsurface soil and groundwater samples at the

Omega Property and surrounding locations. Analytical results indicated that subsurface soil at

the Omega Property is contaminated with chlorinated solvents, primarily PCE, TCE, other

chlorinated hydrocarbons, freons, and metals. PCE contamination was detected in soil at

concentrations ranging from 1.9 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) to 510 mg/kg. Groundwater

samples collected at the Omega Property contained PCE up to 86,000 micrograms per liter as

well as significant concentrations of other chlorinated hydrocarbons and Freon. [Note: The

federal drinking water standard for PCE is 5 micrograms per liter.] The presence of PCE and

TCE was also detected in groundwater at locations approximately 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mile

down-gradient of the Omega Property in the City of Santa Fe Springs.

The cleanup expenditure at this site as of September 2004 was $5,510,784.78.

In August 2005, the federal government proposed plans to remediate groundwater contamination

from the site. USEPA has already removed some 2,700 drums of hazardous chemicals and

contaminated soil from the site.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

42

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 22 November

2005.

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 16 January

2006.

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Omega Chemical Corporation.” 19 January 1999. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0903349.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Omega Chemical Corporation.” (n.d.) 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplfs/fs0903349.pdf

USEPA. “Omega Chemical Corporation.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 24 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0903349

USEPA. “Omega Chemical Corporation.” RCRAInfo. 27 June 2002. 18 January 2006.

USEPA. “Omega Chemical Site PRP Org GP.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000609510

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Omega Chemical Site PRP

Organized Group.” 6 June 2006. 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAD042245001

Waste News – Headline News. "EPA proposes cleanup plan for Calif. Chemical recycling plant."

11 August 2005. 17 January 2006.

http://www.wastenews.com/headlines2.html?id=1123786480

Additional Contacts:

Jere Johnson (SAM), (415) 972-3094

Christopher Lichens (RPM), (415) 972-3149

Matt Mitguard (SAM), (415) 972-3096

Dawn Richmond (SAM), (415) 972-3097
Appendix 2

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43

Site Information

Site Name: Quicksilver Products, Inc.

EPA ID No.: CAD981424732

Address: 200 Valley Dr Ste 1, Brisbane, CA 94005

County: San Mateo

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Quicksilver Products, Inc. operated a

mercury recycling facility, including fluorescent/mercury lamps and mercury-contaminated

debris, from 1988 to 1995. Their lamps were crushed outside in a unit mounted on top of a 55

gallon drum. An air separation system was used to remove the phosphor powder and mercury

from the glass. The facility was closed down for violations of safe operating practices.

In 1999, the San Mateo County District Attorney‘s Office held a hearing on Mr. Ritchie Vaughn,

former owner/operator of the Quicksilver Products, regarding his probation violation stemming

from his failure to initiate facility closure following his hazardous waste facility permit

revocation. Mr. Vaughn admitted his violation, was placed back on probation by the Court, and

was given an additional probation condition of 300 hours of public service work, which must be

environmentally related.

Quicksilver received a Part B RCRA permit on August 7, 1989; however, it expired.

Description of Contamination: Extensive contamination was found around the facility. High

concentrations of mercury were measured in the soil, rinse water, and on a nearby roof. The

California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) conducted an investigation and

cleanup of the site and is now seeking recovery of its costs.

In 1999, DTSC identified Berkeley Lab as one of the parties potentially responsible for these

costs because it once sent fluorescent/mercury lamps and mercury-contaminated debris to the

Quicksilver site. Berkeley Lab and other potentially responsible parties are negotiating allocation

of the cleanup costs with DTSC.

Sources of Information:

Berkeley Lab. “Environmental Program Summary 3: Environmental Restoration

(Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980;

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program).”

17 January 2006. http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/esg/00ser/00serchp3.html

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Quicksilver Products, Inc.” EnviroStor

database. (n.d.). 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=41280138
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

44

Emissions Standards Division prepared by EC/R Incorporated. “EPA Evaluation of Mercury

Emissions from Fluorescent Lamp Crushing. February 1994. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir1/mercury.doc

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 22 November

2005.

USEPA. “Quicksilver Products, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000610027

USEPA. “Quicksilver Products, Inc.” RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 16 October 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Ritchey Vaughn (Public), (415) 468-2000
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

45

Site Information

Site Name: Rho Chem Corp.

EPA ID No.: CAD008364432

Address: 425 Isis Ave, Inglewood CA 90301

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Rho-Chem facility is a solvent

recycling facility on a 1-acre parcel. The facility is currently owned and operated by Philip

Environmental Incorporated. Rho Chem’s RCRA Part B permit was issued on December 30,

1983. After expiration it then became effective again in May 1991; however, it has since

expired.

Description of Contamination: This facility has significant contaminants in groundwater and

soil. Chlorinated solvents include trichloroethylene (TCE) (140 ppm) in groundwater, and

tetrachloroethylene (PCE) (3600 micrograms/kg) in soil. Methyl ethyl ketone (4,000

micrograms/kg) is also found in soil. A soil-vapor survey, soil-vapor extraction system, and

underground storage tanks (UST) removals were planned in 1999. Off-site groundwater

contamination is known. An additional RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) work plan phase

began in 1999 to identify the extent of groundwater contamination off site. Given the high

concentrations of contaminants, indoor air is likely to be a potential issue. In 1999, future steps

were projected to include interim measures to pump and treat groundwater on site and soil vapor

extraction (SVE) to address soil-vapor concerns, which therefore assist in containing the

groundwater pollution.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Rho-Chem Corporation.” EnviroStor

database. (n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=19290198

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Docket HWCA 20030194. Consent Order.

Health and Safety Code Section 25187.” July 2003. 17 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/Projects/upload/RhoChem_2003_ENF_CO.pdf

USEPA. “Documentation of Determination: Rho Chem Corp.” 5 February 1999.

17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000475030

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Addendum: Rho Chem Corp.” 2 May 1999. 17 January

2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/allfacilities/73CFD83200BBED3488256ACC007

AE660?OpenDocument
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

46

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Rho-Chem Corp.” (n.d.) 16

October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAD008364432

USEPA. “Rho Chem Corp.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000475030

USEPA. “Rho Chem Corp.” RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 18 January 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Liang Chiang, (818) 551-2964 lchiang@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

47

Site Information

Site Name: Safety-Kleen, Inc., El Monte

EPA ID No.: CAT00613893

Address: 10625 Hickson St. Unit A, El Monte CA 91731

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This facility is a branch of SafetyKleen’s chemical distribution/recycling. Used chemicals, including mineral spirits, spent

immersion cleaners, dry cleaning wastes, lacquer thinner wastes, and spent antifreeze are

collected from customers and stored at the facility while awaiting shipment to recycling centers.

California’s Department of Toxic Substances Control manages the soils on the property.

There have been eight inspections in the past three years, and the last inspection was conducted

in April 2005. The facility has had nine quarters in alleged non-compliance in past 3 years, and

there are current alleged significant violations. There have been five informal and one formal

enforcement action in past three years. This was a RCRA Corrective Action site.

Description of Contamination: Contaminated soil was removed from solid waste management

units (SWMUs) and regulated units. In the past, there were groundwater releases at the site, but

as of 2000, there were no detections of groundwater contaminants above maximum contaminant

levels (MCLs) at the facility. It is likely that contamination occurred post-RCRA, but it is

unclear when contamination actually occurred. Cost of cleanup is unknown.

Sources of Information

EPA Region 9 “RCRA Corrective Action Environmental Indicator Forms Addendum: Safety

Kleen El Monte.” 15 May 2000. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/d766525a9

715718288256acc007cd0eb/$FILE/Safety%20Kleen%20El%20Monte%20893%20+%20

00.pdf

Senga, Robert. (Project Manager, DTSC Cypress) (714) 484-5436, Interview. 7 November 2005.

USEPA. “Enforcement & Compliance History Online: Safety Kleen.” 9 December 2005. 23

January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/get1cReport.cgi?tool=echo&IDNumber=110000621391

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile: Safety Kleen, Inc. El Monte.” 6 June

2006. 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAT000613893
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

48

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Systems Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000621391

Additional Contacts:

Robert Senga (Project Manager, DTSC Cypress), (714) 484-5436 rsenga@dtsc.ca.gov

Aaron Yue, (714) 484-5439

Sara Brothers (Facility Contact), (503) 341-3866
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

49

Site Information

Site Name: Safety-Kleen Corporation, Reedley Recycling Center

EPA ID No.: CAD093459485

Address: 1000 S. I St., Reedley, CA 93654

County: Fresno

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This is a solvent recycling facility that

recycles both halogenated and corrosive solvents. It received a settlement agreement with

California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) in 2001 and a corrective action

consent agreement in 2004. The facility has been in operation since 1972.

There have been three inspections in the past three years; last inspection 10/6/2003. Two

quarters in alleged non-compliance in past three years. No alleged current significant violations.

Two informal enforcement actions were done in the past three years.

In 2001, DTSC announced that it had reached a settlement agreement with Safety-Kleen

Systems, Inc., which included $38,500 in penalties, for hazardous waste violations at its facility.

The facility was cited by DTSC investigators for the following violations:

• Failure to properly analyze the hazardous waste generated by the activated carbon filtration

system prior to shipping it to the company’s Buttonwillow facility for treatment and disposal

in August of 1998. A roll-off bin containing this hazardous waste caught fire shortly after it

was received at the Safety-Kleen Buttonwillow facility.

• Installation of a different, and larger, activated carbon filtration system on the thermal cooker

before receiving approval from DTSC for a permit modification the company submitted in

October 1999. A thermal cooker solidifies waste material coming from the treatment tank

prior to disposal. The application for the permit modification was subsequently approved by

DTSC in December 1999.

• Installation and use of an activated carbon filtration system on the thermal cooker without

prior authorization from DTSC in 1998.

• Failure to give DTSC advance notice of the company’s planned installation of an activated

carbon filtration system on a thermal cooker in 1998.

The contamination was discovered in 1989 when the facility was required to remove all tanks.

The facility had a RCRA Part B permit, which was issued and re-issued on the following dates:

9/11/1984, 9/11/1989, 6/30/1993, and 12/11/1998.

Description of Contamination: The facility’s soil, subsurface soil, and groundwater are known

to be contaminated. The main contaminant at the site is methylene chloride. Methylene chloride
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

50

has been detected in groundwater at levels as high as thousands of ppm. However, soil venting

may have reduced these concentrations. Previous monitoring data indicate that the following

compounds have been detected above maximum contaminant levels (MCLs): benzene; 1,1-

dichloroethane (DCA); tetrachloroethylene (PCE); 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE). Also,

methylene chloride has been detected at elevated concentrations (thousands of ppm) in the past,

and may have been reduced in part by soil venting. In over eight years of monitoring, there has

been no evidence of off-site contamination (as of 2000). Approximately $2.5 million has been

spent for cleanup over the past few years at this site.

Sources of Information

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Department Reaches Agreement with

Safety-Kleen.” 21 November 2001. 17 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PressRoom/upload/NEWS_2001_Safety-Kleen.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Docket HWCA: P1-03/04-004: Corrective

Action Consent Agreement.” February 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/Projects/upload/SK-Reedley_ENF_CACA.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Safety Kleen Corporation.” EnviroStor

database. (n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=10280019

EPA Region 9. “RCRA Corrective Action Environmental Indicator Forms: Safety Kleen Reedley

Recycling Center.” 3 April 2000. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/d057b34d7

5f2c00f88256acc007d11c4/$FILE/Safety%20Kleen%20Reedley%20485%20+%2000.

pdf

USEPA. “Enforcement & Compliance History Online: Safety Kleen Reedley Incorporated.”

9 December 2005. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/get1cReport.cgi?tool=echo&IDNumber=110000482102

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Safety Kleen System, Inc.” 6 June

2006. 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAD093459485

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Reedley Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000482102

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Reedley Incorporated.” RCRAInfo. 7 November 2002. 18 January

2006.

Vakili, Farshad (DTSC Sacramento), (916) 255-3612, Interview. 28 October 2005.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

51

Additional Contacts:

Ninon Stamoulis, (559) 643-2105

Farshad Vakili (DTSC Sacramento), (916) 255-3612, fvakili@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

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52

Site Information

Site Name: Safety-Kleen Corporation, Rohnert Park

EPA ID No.: CAT000613943

Address: 5750 Commerce Boulevard, Rohnert Park CA 94928

County: Sonoma

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Safety Kleen operated a proprietary

solvent distribution and recycling service. A Cleanup and Abatement Order (CAO) (#99-56) is in

effect for this facility. The facility is still in operation. It received a RCRA permit in September

1994. The permit expired in October 2004.

Description of Contamination: The facility had two underground storage tanks (USTs), 1,000

gallons each, that leaked mineral spirits, perchloroethylene (PCE), and tri-chloroethylene (TCE).

The most recent ground water monitoring report indicates the presence of TCE (4 ppb), PCE (24

ppb), cis-1,2-di-chloroethylene (DCE) (16 ppb) 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, and 1,1-DCE (6 ppb).

Vinyl chloride in shallow ground water beneath the facility has declined from a maximum of

over 500 ppb in 1997 to non-detection as of an April 2000 sampling. The plume does not extend

off site. Soils on and off site were contaminated with various solvents. A soil vapor extraction

(SVE) system began operation in July, 1993. The SVE system was shut down in July, 1996, with

RWQCB approval because the removal rate of the system had declined. Both tanks and soil

were removed in August 1991. Contamination was not removed beneath buildings because of

concerns relating to structural stability. The entire facility is paved and there are no deed

restrictions against digging or using the shallow ground water at the present time. The project

manager feels that the residual contamination in subsurface soil is probably fairly low; however,

there is no data to confirm this opinion. Soil gas investigations have been conducted. Some

contamination did occur after RCRA was in place including a surface spill resulting from a drum

leak. The site had California state permits.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Safety-Kleen.” EnviroStor database.

(n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=49280011

EPA Region 9. “Documentation of Environmental Indicator Determination: Safety Kleen

Rohnert Park.” 5 February 2002. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/c2644a773

c83ec4c88256acc007c3c95/$FILE/Safety_Kleen_(Rohnert_Park)_943_EI_00.PDF

EPA Region 9. “RCRA Corrective Action Environmental Indicator Forms Addendum: Safety

Kleen Rohnert Park.” 9 November 2000. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/92e28fb9e2f1a35a88256a72006760cb/c2644a773
Appendix 2

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53

c83ec4c88256acc007c3c95/$FILE/Safety%20Kleen%20(Rohnert%20Park)%20943%20

+%2000.pdf

Rolandelli, Bonnie (CA SWRCB), (707) 576-2667, Interview. 22 November 2005.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Safety Kleen Systems, Inc.” 6 June

2006. 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAT000613943

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Rohnert Park.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000621408

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Rohnert Park.” RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 16 October 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Bonnie Rolandelli, (707) 576-2667 rolab@rbl.swrcb.ca.gov

Sharon Halper (Family Contact), (707) 748-7507
Appendix 2

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54

Site Information

Site Name: Safety-Kleen (San Jose Facility) (aka Clean Harbors San Jose

LLC)

EPA ID No.: CAD059494310

Address: 1021 Berryessa Road, San Jose, CA 95112

County: Santa Clara

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Safety Kleen (aka Solvent Services, aka

Laidlaw) operates a storage, treatment, and recycling facility for waste chemicals. The site

occupies approximately three acres in a predominantly commercial/industrial area of San Jose.

The facility began operations in 1974 under the name Solvent Services Company, Inc.

Operations at that time did not include the waste water treatment system which now exists at the

facility. The CA Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) issued a permit for storage

and treatment of hazardous waste to the facility in 1990. Solvent Services was acquired by

Laidlaw Environmental Services on December 31, 1994 and Solvent Services changed its name

to Laidlaw Environmental Services in May 1997. In July 1998, the facility changed its name

from Laidlaw Environmental Services (San Jose), Inc. to Safety-Kleen (San Jose), Inc. On

September 7, 2002, the Safety Kleen site became a Clean Harbors Site.

An inspection in April 2000 resulted in the facility being cited for several alleged violations,

including labeling discrepancies, container management problems, and record keeping

discrepancies.

This site had an active Part B permit, first received in October 1983 and later re-issued in

November 1989 after it expired.

Description of Contamination: Historically, the site was heavily contaminated. The

contamination was discovered in the early 1980s and it is likely that some contamination may

have occurred after 1982. A substantial portion of it occurred in the 1970s. Soils at the site are

contaminated with various VOCs. The site is entirely covered with either asphalt or concrete. A

full-scale steam injection and vacuum extraction system was installed and began operating in

1989. This was later converted to a dual-phase extraction system. Approximately 71,000 VOCs

were removed between 1989 and 2001. In 1992, prior to major modifications and remodeling,

the facility released hazardous to the air as a result of an uncontrolled chemical reaction, which

occurred during the blending of wastes within a tanker truck at the facility. This accident

occurred prior to the installation of new tanks at the facility. Cleanup is ongoing and it is

difficult to determine the costs, as ownership has transferred numerous times over the course of

clean up.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Draft Hazardous Waste Facility Permit:

Safety Kleen: San Jose.” January 2002. 17 January 2006.
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55

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/Projects/upload/SafetyKleen_FS_CEQA_NegDec.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Solvent Services, Inc.” EnviroStor

database. (n.d.) 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=43290007

EPA Region 9. “Documentation of Environmental Indicator Determination: Safety Kleen San

Jose.” 5 February 1999. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/228281032035d08788256acc007cb2c6/$FILE/

Safety_Kleen_(San_Jose)_310_EI_00.pdf

EPA Region 9. “RCRA Corrective Action Forms Addendum: Safety Kleen San Jose.”

27 September 2000. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/228281032035d08788256acc007cb2c6/$FILE/

Safety%20Kleen%20(San%20Jose)%20310%20+%2000.pdf

Smith, Marty (Remediation Group), (417) 358-0826, Interview. 28 October 2005.

USEPA. “Clean Harbors San Jose.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000484743

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Clean Harbors San Jose LLC.” 6

June 2006. 16 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=CAD059494310

USEPA. “Safety Kleen San Jose.” RCRAInfo. 27 June 2002. 18 January 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Marty Smith (Remediation Group), (417) 358-0826

Andrew Bernahicks (Project Officer at CADTSC), (510) 540-3956

Vince Christian, (510) 622-2336
Appendix 2

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56

Site Information:

Site Name: Sierra Battery Sales

EPA ID No.: CAD983650128

Address: 977 Lochbrae Rd (930 Del Paso Blvd), Sacramento, CA 95815

County: Sacramento

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0904607

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Sierra Battery Sales has been in

operation since 1963. The facility bought and sold used automobile batteries and stored nonsellable batteries in the alley prior to shipment off-site for recycling. State funds have been

allocated to excavate and remove the contaminated soil on site. In 1995, task orders were being

prepared to encumber the money for the removal action. In 1996, a removal action was

performed which consisted of the excavation and disposal of approximately 477 cubic yards of

lead-contaminated soils.

DTSC settled its cost recovery action with the defendants when the Settlement Agreement and

Consent Decree was filed in the U.S. District Court on November 23, 1999.

Description of Contamination: Historical activities at this site included the burial of battery

parts underground in two locations in the alley. In 1988, California Department of Toxic

Substances Control (DTSC) Surveillance and Enforcement responded to a complaint alleging the

improper handling of batteries. One-hundred-twenty cracked batteries were observed. Soil

samples collected on- site indicated hazardous waste levels of lead as high as 8,920 mg/kg. The

operator's private residence and a mobile home park, both adjacent to site, displayed lead

contamination.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Sierra Battery Sales.” EnviroStor database.

(n.d.). 16 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=34360054

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste) 22 November

2005.

USEPA. “Sierra Battery Sales.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 24 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0904607

USEPA. “Sierra Battery Sales.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009268915
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

57

Site Information

Site Name: United Metal Recovery

EPA ID No.:

Address: 12403 United Street, Mojave, CA 93501

County: Kern

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This 8-acre site was a copper recovery

operation consisting of a house trailer, warehouse, and furnace inside an aluminum shed. The

facility operated from 1963 to 1988 under various owners and operators. The United Metal

Recovery operation purchased copper wire from different scrap dealers and burned off the

insulation in a furnace. The site contains several piles of old wire, oil well flanges, glass and

aluminum, and used automobile batteries.

In 1989 California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) issued an Imminent and

Substantial Endangerment Determination to the site owner and started cleanup actions, which

included stabilization of the site and the development of a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility

Study. Dioxins were reportedly measured at over 75 ppb. DTSC reached a cost recovery

settlement with two former owner/operators and obtained a judgment from the federal court

against a third former owner/operator for all past and future costs.

Description of Contamination: In 1988, the metal recovery business was identified by Kern

County Health. At this time, high concentrations of dioxins, furans, copper, lead, zinc, and low

concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, were found in the onsite soils and ash

piles. In 2004, DTSC announced that "(h)azardous waste at the site was cleaned to an industrial

health-based cleanup level and the site can now be developed for industrial/commercial

purposes." It is unclear when the contamination occurred. Cleanup costs are estimated at

$300,000.00

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Department Certifies Cleanup of United

Metal Recovery.” 5 November 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PressRoom/upload/NEWS_2004_T-70-04.pdf

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “United Metal Recovery.” EnviroStor

database. (n.d.) 18 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=15330007

Domingo, Danny California Department of Toxic Substances Control (Project Manager), Email.

8 December 2005.

EPA Region 9. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 22 November

2005.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

58

Additional Contacts:

Danny Domingo (Project Manager), (559) 297-3932, ddomingo@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling California

59

Site Information:

Site Name: Victor Industrial Battery

EPA ID No.:

Address: 138 N. San Fernando Rd, Los Angeles, CA 90031

County: Los Angeles

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site was previously a battery

recycler whose owner, Victor Pena, was under investigation by Los Angeles County and the LA

City Attorney's Office for the illegal discharge of hazardous waste onto the subject property. The

waste materials were being discharged into an unlined pit in the rear of the property and the

driveway. The responsible party was subsequently convicted of illegal discharge of hazardous

waste, sentenced, and ordered to remediate the site.

Description of Contamination: In 1994, it was found that the maximum concentration of lead

in the soil was 30,000 mg/kg and minimum pH was 0.48. Groundwater contamination is

suspected.

Sources of Information:

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Victor Industrial Battery.” EnviroStor

database. (n.d.) 18 October 2006.

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/profile_report.asp?global_id=19360528

Additional Contacts:

Johnson Abraham (PM), (714) 484-5476, jabraham@dtsc.ca.gov
Appendix A

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Colorado

60

Site Information:

Site Name: CoZinCo

EPA ID No.: COD094154671

Address: 100 W. Zinc Street, Salida, CO 81201

County: Chaffee

NPL Site: Part of Smeltertown Site; Proposed: February 7, 1992

In CERCLIS Database: 0800167

Description of Recycling Operation: CoZinCo has processed zinc sulfate and smelter slag since

1977. CoZinCo manufactures zinc sulfate soil amendment/animal feed by treating metallic

galvanizing wastes called "skimmings" with 94 percent sulfuric acid. Areas of contamination

include several drum piles, two ponds used to hold spent processing water, a pile consisting of

sludge scraped from the ponds, and an area where sludge was worked into the soil. This facility

contaminated the eastern portion of the Smeltertown site. The Smeltertown site covers

approximately 100 acres in a rural area near Salida, Choffee County, Colorado. It consists of

areas involving operations of Koppers, Inc., CoZinCo, Inc., and a smelter.

CoZinCo did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: According to a 1987 EPA report, soil on the property contains

elevated levels of heavy metals, including chromium, lead, zinc, antimony, nickel, and lead.

Contaminants were found in three drum storage areas.

Sources of Information:

Agency for Toxic Substance & Disease Registry. “Public Health Assessment: CoZinCo.”

(n.d.). 17 January 2006. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/smeltertown/smel_p1.html

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. “Smeltertown Site.” Hazardous Waste

Materials and Management Division. (n.d.) 18 October 2006.

http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/rpsmelter.htm#summary

USEPA. “CoZinCo.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 17 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0800167

USEPA. “CoZinCo.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000467922

USEPA. “CoZinCo.” RCRAInfo. 13 October 2000. 18 January 2006.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: CoZinCo.” 4 June 1998.

17 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/superrods/index.cfm?fuseaction=data.siterods&siteid=0801085

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Smeltertown.” March 2003. 17 January 2005.

http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/sites/co/smeltown.html
Appendix A

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Colorado

61

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Smeltertown.” 7 February 1992. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0801085.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for CoZinCo.” 6 June 2006. 18

October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=COD094154671

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Smeltertown Site.” 12 October 2006. 18 October

2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0801085

Additional Contacts:

Martin O'Grady (State Project Manager), 303-692-3300, 888-569-1831 toll-free

Stan Christensen (EPA Remedial Project Manager), 303-312-6694

Sabrina Forrest, (SAM), (303) 312-6484

Pat Smith (SAM)

Martin O’Grady, (303-312-6638)

Walter Avramenko, 303-692-3300
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Connecticut

62

Site Information

Site Name: National Oil Services

EPA ID No.: CTD162235782

Address: 16 Elm Street, West Haven, CT 06516-3806

County: New Haven

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: National Oil Services Inc. operated as a

former waste oil storage, treatment, transfer, recycling, and disposal facility from 1982 to 1997,

at which time it was abandoned. In 1997, after a number of years of attempting to bring the

company into compliance, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection ordered

operations to cease. The property owner evicted National Oil Services and its subsidiary

business, Atlantic Environmental Laboratory. Prior to vacating, National Oil Services filed for

bankruptcy.

Description of Contamination: A 1997 investigation found methylene chloride and other

halogenated solvents in waste oils, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, chromic acid,

sodium hydroxide, and ether at the site. Contaminated wastewater, sludge, debris, drums, and

waste oil have been removed from the site. EPA spent approximately $1.6 million to clean up

the site. In 2001, EPA settled with 750 businesses, municipalities, and government agencies who

sent waste oil to National Oil Services. Ninety three percent of the parties involved in the

settlement are being asked to pay no more than $3,000. EPA intends on paying $275,000 of the

cleanup costs to cover those companies that sent waste oil to the site and are either insolvent or

defunct.

Sources of Information:

Bazenas, Ted (OSC), (617) 918-1230, Interview. 7 December 2005.

USEPA. “National Oil Services.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110003019126

USEPA. “Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England: National Oil Services.” 15 July 2002.

17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R1/npl_pad.nsf/51dc4f173ceef51d85256adf004c7ec8/bdd036037

1edebab85256b4200603554?OpenDocument#top

USEPA – EPA New England Press Release. “EPA Lodges Consent Decree for National Oil

Services Site in CT.” 18 September 2001. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/ne/pr/2001/sep/010908.html

Additional Contacts:

Ted Bazenas (OSC) (617) 918-1230 bazenas.edward@epa.gov

Gerardo Millan-Ramos (SAM) 918-1377

Alice Kaufman 617-918-1064
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Connecticut

63

Site Information

Site Name: Zollo Drum Company

EPA ID No.: CTD075394254

Address: 100 Railroad Ave, Beacon Falls, CT 06403

County: New Haven

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0100184

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Zollo Drum Company is a 0.75-acre site

that consists of a drum storage area and a gravel parking area. Ownership and operational

activities at this site prior to 1964 are unknown. From 1964 to 1990, a small drum reclamation

facility operated on the property under various owners and operators. Operations on the property

have included the storage of solvents and waste oils in two 20,000-gallon underground storage

tanks located on the adjacent southern property, and the transportation and storage of waste oils

and chemical wastes, including industrial sludges and wastewater. Hazardous wastes that have

been disposed of, used, or stored on the property include metal sludges, oily wastes, halogenated

and nonhalogenated solvents, lacquer thinner, acids, paints, pigments, dyes, inks, rubber

solvents, fly ash, pickling liquors, and laboratory and pharmaceutical wastes. In 1977, a fire

occurred in an on-site warehouse; it is unknown whether drum contents were released during the

fire. In 1984, the transportation of hazardous waste for disposal ceased, and site activities until

1990 consisted of the collection of empty drums for reclamation. This site has been deferred to

the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). It is difficult to determine the

exact time of site contamination. It is unclear if the site was abandoned.

Zollo Drum Company did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Analytical results of soil samples collected in 1989 from the

property and the adjacent southern property indicated the presence of volatile organic

compounds (VOCs), including tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethane; inorganic elements,

including lead, arsenic, chromium, and zinc; semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs); and

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Sources of Information:

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. “List of Contaminated or Potentially

Contaminated Sites.” p. 14. 20 September 2006. 18 October 2006.

http://vvv.dep.state.ct.us/wst/remediation/sites/sites_a-f.pdf

Hatzopoulos, Tom (On-scene Coordinator) Interview. 8 December 2005.

USEPA. “National Oil Services.” RCRAInfo. 1 September 2000. 18 January 2006.

USEPA. “Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England: Zollo Drum Company.” 15 July 2002.

17 July 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Connecticut

64

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r1/npl_pad.nsf/0/78b5b20e7d4b468e85256b4200605353?OpenD

ocument

USEPA. “Zollo Drum Company.” CERCLIS. 8 December 2005. 17 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0100184

USEPA. “Zollo Drum Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110003018350

Additional Contacts:

Richard-A Zollo, (203) 729-6538

Tom Hatzopoulos (OSC), 617-918-1284

Gerardo Millan-Ramos (SAM), 617-918-1377

Patricia DeRosa, 860-424-3501
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

65

Site Information

Site Name: Chem-Solv, Inc.

EPA ID No.: DED98071414

Address: 176A N. Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901

County: Kent

NPL Site: Final: 8/30/90

In CERCLIS Database: 0300124

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Chem-Solv, Inc. distilled spent solvents

at this 1.5-acre site between 1982 and 1984. To recycle solvents, drummed wastes were heated

over an electric coil heater and distilled solvents were then collected in clean drums. Distilled

solvents were sold to customers, and residues from the distillation process were stored on site as

RCRA-regulated hazardous waste.

Description of Contamination: An explosion and fire in 1984 destroyed the Chem-Solv

recycling facility. Witnesses saw fluids flowing out of the facility, from a concrete pad. After

the fire, high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly trichloroethene

(TCE), were found in the Columbia aquifer beneath the site.

In 1985, the state excavated and treated 1,300 cubic yards of contaminated soil using a process

that passes air through the soil to remove VOCs. This process reduced the contaminant

concentrations to levels that permitted the soil to be returned to the excavated area. The state also

installed a groundwater recovery system which it operated from 1985 to 1988. The extraction of

contaminated groundwater reduced TCE concentrations in the Columbia aquifer beneath the site

from the 200-300 parts per million (ppm) range to the 1 ppm range.

Groundwater recovery and treatment operations began in 1997. Following the treatment of 48

million gallons of contaminated ground water, pumping was conditionally terminated based on

substantial improvement in groundwater quality and the improbability of exposure to site

contaminants. USEPA identified increasing levels of TCE in two site monitoring wells and

notified the potentially responsible parties (PRPs) of the need to resume groundwater pumping

and treatment. In addition to the pump-and-treat operations, the PRPs will continue to perform

the required ground water monitoring at domestic, recovery, and monitoring wells until the

cleanup levels are achieved.

In 1995, TCE was found down-gradient of the former Chem-Solv facility. New, deeper wells

were dug for area residents, tapping into a deeper aquifer. More than 114 million gallons of

contaminated groundwater has been extracted and treated from the site. Concentrations of TCE

in the Columbia aquifer have decreased by 90 percent. Cleanup construction at this site was

completed in 1998.

Capital costs for cleanup were estimated between $110,000 and $234,000, annual O & M were

estimated at $57,000 to $148,000. The present worth was estimated between $660,000 and

$686,000.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

66

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3. “Current Site Information: Chem-Solv, Inc.” June 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/npl/DED980714141.htm

EPA Region 3 Superfund Fact Sheet. “EPA Completes Construction at Chem-Solv Superfund

Site.” June 1999. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/DED980714141/fs/1999-06.htm

USEPA. “Chem-Solv, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005989038

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Chem-Solv.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 18

October 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0300124

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Chem-Solv, Inc.” 31 March 1992.

18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0392146.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Bonnie Gross (EPA Remedial Project Manager), (215) 814-3229, gross.bonnie@epa.gov

Vance Evans (Community Involvement Coordinator), (800) 553-2509 or (215) 814-5526,

evans.vance@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

67

Site Information

Site Name: Diamond State Salvage

EPA ID No.: DE0000122218

Address: 702 E. 14th Street, Wilmington, DE 19802

County: New Castle

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0304940

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Diamond State Salvage, situated on

4.25 acres, operated at this site from 1949 to 1992. The owner's father acquired the land from a

coal and heating oil company in 1949. During this time, full-scale salvage operations consisted

of removing salvageable metals from automobiles, appliances, batteries, empty compressed gas

cylinders, empty drums, and tanks. The salvage operation used torches or machinery to section

objects. The most common salvaged materials were aluminum, copper, iron, brass, and lead.

The metals were then shipped to several scrap metal buyers. Materials which were not of value,

such as rubber and plastics, were stockpiled on site. Other materials were transported to the local

landfill. Extensive soil contamination occurred on the site during its operational history. During

1991 and 1992, operations at Diamond State Salvage consisted mainly of excavating the ground

surface of the site to locate any metals with salvage value. As a result of this excavation, over

half of the site is covered with piles of earth mixed with large portions of debris and trash.

Weathering effects have formed deep ditches and pools along the edges of the debris piles.

Description of Contamination: The Diamond State Salvage site is a $11.9 million Superfund

Removal action. The site is contaminated with lead and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This

removal action will mitigate the potential public exposure to and ongoing discharge of lead and

PCBs into the Christina River/Delaware Watershed. On-site removal of oily waste will likely

continue through the end of the removal action. Weather permitting, excavation to remove lead

and PCB contamination in the stream bank and sediments will begin after installation of the

water diversion structure. This installation was expected by March 2000, and was expected to be

completed in late spring or early summer 2000. Additionally, based on the significant amounts of

PCB-contaminated oil encountered on site and under the stream bank, as well as other USEPA

costs, USEPA is considering a request from the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) for additional

funding to allow completion of this removal action, to a total of approximately $16.7 million.

Since May 1998, USEPA has secured and temporarily stabilized the site. Site buildings and

structures have been demolished and removed. Soil contamination outside the former salvage

yard property fence has been excavated and restored, and most site contamination has been

excavated and properly disposed off site. Approximately 80,000 tons of contaminated soils have

been excavated and disposed.

Sources of Information:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. “Health Consultation: Diamond State

Salvage.” 10 July 1998. 18 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/diamond/dss_toc.html
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

68

USEPA. “Diamond State Salvage.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 18 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0304940

USEPA. “Diamond State Salvage.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009273641

USEPA. “Mid-Atlantic Superfund: Diamond State Salvage.” November 2004. 18 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/npl/DE0000122218.htm

Additional Contacts:

Kevin Boyd (OSC), (215) 814-3418

Vance Evans (CIC), (800) 553-2509, (215) 814-5526

Shawn Garvin (Government Relations), (215) 814-2998

Deborah Carlson (OSC), (304) 234-0249

Peter Schaul, Region 3
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

69

Site Information

Site Name: Standard Chlorine of Delaware

EPA ID No.: DED041212473

Address: 745 Governor Lea Rd, PO 319, New Castle, DE 19720

County: New Castle

NPL Site: Final: 7/22/1987

In CERCLIS Database: 0300058

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Metachem and its predecessor, Standard

Chlorine (SC), were an organic chemical manufacturer that produced a variety of

polychlorobenzenes for more than 35 years. The facility operated as Standard Chlorine from

1966 to late 1998 when it was purchased by Connecticut-based Charter Oak Capital Partners and

renamed Metachem. The site was situated on 85 acres, but only 46 acres of the property was

actively used to produce chemicals. Metachem and Standard Chlorine were leading global

producers of a class of highly specialized family of chemicals, known as polychlorobenzenes,

composed of chlorine and benzene. Standard Chlorine and Metachem's line of chemical products

included, but was not limited to, monochlorobenzene (mono), paradichlorobenzene (para or

pDCB for the process), orthodichlorobenzene (ortho), metadichlorobenzene (meta),

trichlorobenzene (tri), and tetrachlorobenzene (tetra) (the last of which was sold up until 1990).

The facility used approximately 4 million pounds of liquid benzene per month, transported to the

plant by truck and rail cars and stored in above ground storage tanks. The facility also used

approximately 7 million pounds of chlorine per month delivered either as a gas through a

pipeline from the nearby OxyChem chlorine plant, or as a pressurized liquid in rail cars. Other

raw materials used at the facility included iron catalysts, wastewater treatment chemicals,

ethylene glycol, refrigerants, lubricants, and oils purchased in drums or smaller containers and

stored in the areas where they were used.

The chemical production process conducted on site consisted of a series of reaction vessels and

distillation columns. The reaction of chlorine with benzene or various isomers of chlorinated

benzene produced a "reactor mass" consisting of mixed polychlorobenzenes and anhydrous

hydrogen chloride (HCl) as a byproduct. The primary benzene reaction produced para, meta, and

ortho. These three chemicals are all dichlorobenzenes and are produced in the same reaction. In

addition, tri and tetra were produced in this reaction but in smaller quantities. Thus,

paradichlorobenzene, Metachem's most valuable product, could not be created without also

producing other chlorobenzenes for which few buyers existed.

Other processes conducted at the facility included a crystallization process for para and a

dehalogenation (a.k.a. recycler/hydrogenator) system. The crystallization process involved the

purification and chilling of liquid para on a Sandvik belt system to produce a crystalline or flaked

para product, which is packaged in paper bags for shipment off site (a.k.a. the Flaker Process).

The dehalogenation process involved the heating of tetra in the presence of a metal catalyst and

hydrogen to strip chlorine and recover tri, di, and meta. Tetra is primarily produced during

chlorination of benzene at the Main Plant and chlorination of para and ortho at the Tri Plant. The
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

70

tetra is contained within the polychlorobenzene byproduct streams of these processes. This

polychlorobenzene byproduct was then stored for later processing at the recycler unit. Given that

Standard Chlorine maintained stockpiles of mixed polychlorobenzenes with high concentrations

of tetra on site, the dehalogenation process allowed Standard Chlorine and Metachem to convert

a byproduct material that would otherwise require costly disposal as a hazardous waste into a

commercially useful product.

In late 1996, after proper construction and operating permits were secured from the Delaware

Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), Standard Chlorine

began operating the recycler. The recycler, though beset with problems, operated periodically

until the facility-wide shutdown in May 2002. This process, with the accompanying stockpiles of

tetra-laced polychlorobenzenes (regarded by investors as a potential "gold-mine"), was one of the

prime reasons Charter Oak purchased the Standard Chlorine assets. As part of the chemical

production process, PCBs and dioxins were generated as a byproduct. The PCB/dioxincontaining waste stream became part of the distillation column bottoms, which were sent off site

for incineration. The fact that this material was not regulated as a hazardous waste throughout the

1990s resulted in a significant subsidy to the operations of Standard Chlorine and then

Metachem, as significant management and disposal costs were not incurred.

In 2001, with Metachem continuing to allow large quantities of tetra-laced material to build up,

DNREC finally took forceful action through the Stipulation of Final Judgment between

Metachem and DNREC. Under that decree, the plant was obligated to recycle tetra at the rate of

3 gallons per minute, which would take 7 years. This consent decree in effect recognized that a

speculative accumulation violation had occurred, and was an attempt to reduce the accumulated

stockpile in an orderly and efficient manner.

In May 2002, in large part due to overwhelmingly adverse market conditions in the

polychlorobenzene business, Metachem went bankrupt and the site was abruptly closed and

abandoned.

Metachem was guilty of a speculative accumulation violation. There was no commercially

viable market for tetrachlorobenzene after 1990. Before 1990, tetra was used as an intermediate

or raw material in the production of herbicides, insecticides, and defoliants. It was also used to

manufacture other chemicals such as 2,4,5 trichlorophenol and 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

When Metachem came into the picture, it apparently viewed the accumulated stockpile of tetralaced polychlorobenzene as free feedstock, provided they could convert the waste chemical, via

the hydrogenation process, to the marketable products di and tri. However, Metachem surely was

aware that this potential "free feedstock" carried with it a significant risk. Without the use of the

recycling system, Metachem would be required to dispose of roughly 13 million pounds of tetra

as hazardous waste, at a cost of 50-65 cents per pound. Only a handful of facilities nationwide

could have properly handled the disposal of this chemical. In the face of such risk, it is surprising

that Metachem did not conduct more extensive due diligence about the efficacy of the recycling

process.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

71

Before Standard Chlorine was bought by Metachem, DNREC issued 16 Notices of Violation

(NOV) between January 22, 1988 and July 16, 1998. During Metachem's existence, it was issued

nine Notices of Violation (NOV) by DNREC between October 26, 1999 and November 13,

2001.

This site did not hold a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: In 1987, the site was listed on the National Priorities List (NPL)

of most hazardous waste sites due to a 1981 chlorobenzene spill that occurred while workers

were filling a railroad tanker car on the property. An additional spill occurred in 1986: 569,000

gallons of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) spilled after a 375,000-gallon tank of

VOCs split open, collapsed, and damaged three nearby tanks of VOCs, causing the latter tanks to

partially spill. Chlorobenzenes from spilled material have been found in the groundwater, soil,

sediments, and surface water. Wetlands near the site are also contaminated. Environmental

assessments that occurred after the 1986 spill revealed facility leaks into the groundwater dating

back to the mid-1970s. The state maintains a fish consumption advisory on Red Lion Creek for

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin.

Due to its bankruptcy, Metachem was unable to perform further cleanup, so USEPA is

completing the remainder of the original cleanup under the CERCLA Emergency Removal

provisions. Initially, USEPA and DNREC discovered approximately 43 million pounds of

chemicals throughout the former manufacturing facility at the time of its bankruptcy in 2002.

USEPA consolidated liquid chemicals from over 100 holding tanks, cleaned the empty tanks,

and demolished and removed some of the tanks from the site. USEPA and DNREC have

removed millions of pounds of chemicals from the site. Some of the chemicals were products

and some were wastes. This removal has generated more than $245,000 for site cleanup

operations. USEPA has completed steam-cleaning of the distillation equipment and piping,

removing and any chemical residuals. Although the wastewater treatment plant operations have

ended, USEPA is continuing to keep technology available until all products and wastes are

removed from the site. Facility structures are being dismantled. Currently, USEPA is

concentrating on removing the remaining estimated 20 million pounds of chemicals from the

site. Removal activities are about 80 percent finished.

To date, the remedial design (RD) for the Columbia Aquifer barrier wall and pump-and-treat

system is 95 percent complete. Construction for the barrier wall and pump-and-treat system, also

called the “remedial action,” or RA, should begin this winter. While the wall is being

constructed, the pump-and-treat system will also be installed.

Potomac Aquifer well samples, collected in June 2005, found no signs of site-related

contamination.

The total cost of this remedial action is estimated to be $75 million or more. As of September

2004, cleanup expenditures at this site amounted to $20,242,784.80. USEPA has approved over

$10 million for the remedial cleanup at the Standard Chlorine site. The Columbia Aquifer
Appendix 2

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72

containment barrier wall and the pump-and-treat system will account for approximately $4.2

million. The chemical disposal associated with the removal action will account for about $6.26

million. As part of the Record of Decision (ROD) Amendment #1, the USEPA’s remedial

program will properly dispose of liquid chemicals that remain on-site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3 "EPA August 1992 RCRA Inspection Report." 17 September 1992. 21 January

2006.

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/AWM/do/MetachemTaskForce/EP

A%20Documents/EPA%20August%201992%20RCRA%20Inspection%20Report.pdf

EPA Region 3 "EPA January 1999 SC Reinspection Report." 15 January 1999. 21 January 2006.

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/AWM/do/MetachemTaskForce/EP

A%20Documents/EPA%20January%201999%20SC%20Reinspection%20Report.pdf

State of Delaware. "Task Force on Responsible Management of Facilities Handling Hazardous

Waste Products (The Metachem Task Force)." 30 May 2003. 21 January 2006.

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/library/metachemfinal.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Standard Chlorine of Delaware.” 9 March 1995.

21 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0395193.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004.

15 January 2006.

USEPA. “MidAtlantic Superfund: Current Site Information.” September 2005. 25 January 2006.

http://epa.gov/reg3hwmd/npl/DED041212473.htm

USEPA. “MidAtlantic Superfund: Standard Chlorine Inc.” September 2005. 21 January 2006.

http://epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/DED041212473/

USEPA Proposed Remedial Action Plan Summary: Standard Chlorine Delaware. “EPA Seeks

Public Comment on Proposed Remedial Action Plan.” April 2004. 21 January

2006.

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/AWM/do/Spring%202004%20Stan

dard%20Chlorine%20PRAP%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf

USEPA. “Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 21 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0300058

USEPA. “Standard Chlorine of Delaware.” RCRAInfo. 13 September 2000. 21 January 2006.

USEPA. “Standard Chlorine of Delaware Site (AKA Metachem).” On-Scene Coordinator
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Delaware

73

Profile. (n.d.). 21 January 2006. www.epaosc.net/metachem

USEPA Superfund Site Cleanup Progress Update. “Fact Sheet #15 – Standard Chlorine

of Delaware (aka Metachem) Site.” September 2005. 21 January 2006.

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/AWM/do/FactSheet15.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Hilda Burgos, ORC Region 3

Douglas Fox (OSC), (215) 814-3262

Trish Taylor (CIC), (215) 814-2938

Hilary Thornton (RPM), (215) 814-3323

Michael T Towle (OSC), (215) 814-3272
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

74

Site Information

Site Name: 43rd St. Bay Drum and Steel Company

EPA ID No.: FLR000033514

Address: 1608 North 43rd St, Tampa, FL 33605-5938

County: Hillsborough

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0407014

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This drum recycling site operated from

mid-1996 to June 1999. The Bay Drum and Steel Company specialized in the washing and

reconditioning of drums and containers. Although the company was limited by permit to the

types of containers that could be processed at the facility, the company accepted any kind of

container without questions, including drums that had contained pesticides and solvents. The

company was only allowed to accept empty drums for washing. They washed used metal and

plastic drums that had contained a variety of products including pesticides, solvents, acids, and

caustics. The process included spraying a methylene chloride solution on the labels to aid in

their removal, soaking the drums in a caustic solution, pressure washing the drums, drying the

drums, and painting them if necessary. It is known that the company accepted and washed

drums that contained various amounts of chemicals.

Bay Drum and Steel Company was under investigation for almost eight years for suspected

violations of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and RCRA. The owner of the company, Mr.

Benkovitz, pleaded guilty to violations of CWA and RCRA in 1997 and 1999. He ordered his

employees to illegally discharge wastewater into a storm sewer that empties into Tampa's

McKay Bay. Benkovitz also admitted that he directed employees of Bay Drum to dump polluted

wastewater on property adjacent to Bay Drum's 43rd Street facility from April until June 1998.

During these periods, the company generated thousands of gallons of wastewater each week that

contained several pollutants, including spent pesticides and methyl chloride, a highly toxic

solvent. While awaiting sentencing Mr. Benkovitz was under a RCRA Order but failed to

comply (and committed additional violations). He was sentenced and the site became a

CERCLA Emergency Removal Action in October 1999.

Description of Contamination: About 20,000 empty drums and 60,000 gallons of liquid

hazardous wastes have been removed from the site. The cleanup costs were $3,285,094.17. The

site was transferred to the Florida Brownfields Program.

The site is contaminated with multiple hazardous substances including lead, chromium, and

methylene chloride.

Sources of Information:

Black, Trevor. (Associate Regional Counsel, Office of Environmental Accountability, EPA

Region 4). Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 31 October

2005.
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75

EPA Region 4. “Administrative Record Index for the Forty-Third Street Bay Drum Removal

Site.” 25 October 2000. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region4/waste/errb/43bayst.pdf

EPA Region 4. “Enforcement & Compliance Assurance Accomplishments Report.” Fiscal Year

1999. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region4/ead/attachments/1999_accomplishments_report.pdf

US Department of Justice. “Bay Drum and Steel Owner Pleads Guilty to Polluting Florida Bay

Company Discharged Toxics Into Tampa’s Sewer System for Years.” 22 March 1999.

19 January 2006. http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/1999/March/107enr.htm.

USEPA. “43rd St. Bay Drum and Steel Company.” CERCLIS 27 October 2005. 19 January

2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0407014

USEPA. “43rd St. Bay Drum and Steel Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005643090

Additional Contacts:

Carmen (Julie) Santiago (RPM), (404) 562-894
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76

Site Information

Site Name: Aerospace Recycling (Gerald B. Stringham, Jr.)

EPA ID No.: FLD984258707

Address: 9689 and 9745 James Creek Road, Christmas, FL

County: Orange

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Aerospace Recycling was a scrap metal

recycling site abandoned in 1995. There were several tanks and drums of circuit boards,

capacitors, transformers, electronic equipment, metal shavings, sludge, oily liquids, propane

tanks, crucibles for lead smelting, junk vehicles, and other solid waste left lying outside.

Description of Contamination: Soil is contaminated with arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and

lead.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Aerospace Recycling.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110007466081

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP) (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

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Site Information

Site Name: Callaway & Son Drum Service

EPA ID No.: FLD094590916

Address: 890 East Lake Alfred Drive, Lake Alfred, FL 33850

County: Polk

NPL Site: Final: 5/11/00

In CERCLIS Database: 0400792

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Callaway & Son Drum Service (CSDS)

was a family business that operated from 1977 until its abandonment in 1991 as a refurbisher and

reseller of used 55-gallon oil and citrus drums. Operations ceased in February 1991 when the

facility came to the attention of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)

after an application was submitted to operate and construct an industrial wastewater treatment

and disposal system for discharge of rinse water used in its drum cleaning process. In December

1994, CSDS was auctioned and sold because of unpaid back taxes. The site contains an office

building, a drum cleaning structure, and a sandblasting/painting structure; all in dilapidated

condition. There is also a 45,000 sq. ft. percolation pond that was located on site. At its peak,

the operation processed 500 open-top citrus drums and 20 spent oil/solvents drums per day. In

1983, owners estimated that there were more than 60,000 drums on site.

Description of Contamination: Contaminants include 1,2-dichloroethene, tetrachloroethene

(PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), xylene and vinyl chloride. All of these can be attributed to the

drum-processing activities. The drums were washed and the contents were dumped into storage

ponds. Targeting the wide variety of contaminants at the site had made cleanup activities very

difficult. USEPA removed 2,500 empty/partially empty drums from the site during cleanup in

2001. USEPA is developing a proposed plan to remediate the site’s contaminated areas. The

site owner at the time of contamination (Ronald Callaway) is deceased and EPA is currently

trying to identify generator PRPs. The site was sold at a tax sale in 2004 to Don Livingston. A

supplemental remedial investigation and feasibility study may be conducted, as well as a

remedial action, because of pesticides being found in the soil. The finalization of the site’s

remedial plan will take approximately 2 years, and should be completed by 2006.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 31 October

2005.

Jackson, Galo (RPM) 404-562-8937, Interview. 21 November 2005.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Callaway & Son Drum Service.” CERCLIS. 27

October 2005. 27 October 2005.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0400792

USEPA. “Callaway & Son Drum Service.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January

2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

78

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009273151

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Callaway & Son Drum Service.” 12 December 2005. 19 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplfls/callawfl.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Callaway & Son Drum Service.” 11 May 2000. 19 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0400792.pdf

USEPA. “Potential Reuse Success Fact Sheet: Callaway & Son Drum Service.” October 2004.

19 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/reuse/fl/callawaypotent.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Randall Chaffins (RPM), (404) 562-8929

Galo Jackson (RPM), (404) 562-8937

Jennifer Wendel (RPM), (404) 562-8799

Tanya Floyd (Region 4), (404) 562-9813
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

79

Site Information

Site Name: Crosby Motors

EPA ID No.: FL0000562603

Address: 3506 Clifford Lane, Jacksonville, FL 32209

County: Duval

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406773

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site has operated as various

automotive salvage-related businesses since 1968. Mr. and Mrs. Hicks were the prior owners and

original operators of the salvage yard. They ceased to operate the business at some point in

1980s. Mr. James Crosby purchased the business and operated the yard from 1988 until as

recently as 1994. Mr. Randy Taylor reportedly purchased the property in 1994. A 1994 site

assessment by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) was completed

following a report that there was improper disposal of automotive fluids throughout the site.

Description of Contamination: The Crosby site was added to the FDEP state-action

site list in 1998. The IT Corporation, acting as the FDEP State Cleanup Contractor,

submitted a Site Assessment Work Plan in August 2000. The FDEP requested a water

well survey to be completed at this site after the initial project visit. This survey indicated

two potable wells located within 1⁄4 mile from the site. Sampling and analysis has

indicated no water well contamination.

The soil is contaminated with PAHs and phthalate esters. Groundwater is contaminated with

VOCs, SVOCs, and inorganic metals. Sediment samples collected from the drainage ditch along

the property boundary contained PAHs, pesticides, PCBs, and inorganic metals. There was no

water well contamination. Possible sources of contamination may have been from automobile

crushing resulting in the spillage of various fluids (i.e. antifreeze, waste oil, motor oil, gasoline,

brake fluid, lead-acid from batteries). In April 2001, 490 tons of tires, 750 tons of scrap metal,

and 680 tons of debris were removed from the site.

Sources of Additional Information:

Florida Department of Environmental Protection. “Waste Management Publications: Crosby

Motors.” (n.d.) 19 October 2006.

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick_topics/publications/wc/sites/summary/115.pdf

USEPA. “Crosby Motors.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 19 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406773

USEPA. “Crosby Motors.” EPA Envirofacts Warehouse. 25 January 2006. 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009328487
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

80

Contacts:

Jennifer Wendel (RPM) (404) 562-8799

Nancy Murchison (Florida DEP)
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81

Site Information

Site Name: Danmark, Inc.

EPA ID No.: FL0001093103

Address: 4808 Paul St., Tampa, FL 33611

County: Hillsborough

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406338

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Danmark Co. is a former used oil

hauler, collection, and recycling facility that was operated by various Danmark companies from

1989 to 1993. William Michael Shaw was the operator of the Danmark Site and the president

and general manager of Danmark. On September 30, 1998, Mr. Shaw pleaded guilty to illegally

accepting and managing hazardous waste and storing hazardous waste without a permit in

violation of Section 3008(d)(2)(A) of RCRA. He was charged with abandoning the facility in

August 1993 and leaving behind 80,000 gallons of contaminated liquid waste and 150 tons of

contaminated solid waste. Mr. Shaw did not join the settlement because USEPA determined that

Mr. Shaw did not have the financial ability to do so. Since both the operator and most of the

largest generators were orphan parties, USEPA agreed to compromise 25 percent of its response

costs pursuant to the Orphan Share Policy. This settlement requires the settling parties to waive

their contribution rights against parties that sent less than 2,000 gallons of materials to the site.

Description of Contamination: Abandoned materials were left on site.

USEPA completed the transportation and disposal phase of the removal action at the Danmark

site in March of 1996. During the removal action, approximately 80,000 gallons of liquid waste

and 150 tons of solid waste (stockpiled soils, used oil filters and sludge) were processed and

disposed of off site.

On April 14, 2000, USEPA finalized a settlement with 59 settling parties for recovery of

USEPA’s past costs associated with the removal action taken at the site. This settlement,

pursuant to Sections 107(a) and 122(h) of CERCLA, provides for the reimbursement by the

settling parties of $516,374.57 in response costs incurred by USEPA.

Sources of Information:

Daily Environmental Report No. 191, “State, Federal Officials Crack Down on Criminal

Violators in Tampa Bay.” BNA, Inc. 2 October 1998. 21 January 2006.

http://pubs.bna.com/NWSSTND/IP/BNA/den.nsf/SearchAllView/6EA088D64F5BF8AD

85256691000BC1D9?Open&highlight=RECYCLER

EPA Region 4. “Enforcement & Compliance Assurance Accomplishments ReportFiscal Year 2000.” (n.d.) 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region4/ead/attachments/2000_accomplishments_report.pdf

USEPA. “Danmark Site.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 19 January 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

82

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406338

USEPA. “Danmark Site.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. 25 January 2006. 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009273838
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

83

Site Information

Site Name: Don’s Recycling (aka Al Salvaged Auto Parts)

EPA ID No.: FLR000085878

Address: 3141 Sharpe Rd., Apopka, FL 32703

County: Orange

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Don’s Recycling is a 15-acre property

located at the end of a residential neighborhood. The site has been used as an automotive

salvage/scrap metal yard for more than 30 years. In 2002, the Florida State Department of

Environmental Protection inspected the facility and observed petroleum stains and piles of

battery casings on a large portion of the property.

Description of Contamination: The property owner determined the soil lead concentration is

over TCLP hazardous waste levels. Additionally, the property has petroleum contamination.

The department is currently working with the property owner to dispose of the contaminated soil

and continue the assessment. The original property owner passed away and the heir is trying to

resume remediation but does not have the financial capability to do so at this time.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Don’s Recycling.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110012550970

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

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84

Site Information

Site Name: Energy Savings LTD, Inc

EPA ID No.: FLR000032821

Address: 3080 Fowler St., Fort Myers, FL 33901

County: Lee

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Energy Savings LTD, Inc is a lamp

recycling company, which was junking the bulbs into a dumpster out back. The site was

abandoned for the landowner to clean up.

Description of Contamination: Unknown

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Energy Savings.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005642698

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

85

Site Information:

Site Name: Florida Petroleum Reprocessors

EPA ID No.: FLD984184127

Address: 3211 S.W. 50th Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314

County: Broward

NPL Site: Final: 3/06/98

In CERCLIS Database: 0406469

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: This site is a former waste oil

reprocessing facility that operated from 1979 through 1992 under various names. Operations

were reported to include the collection of waste oil (i.e., used motor oil, surplus fuels, marine oils

and slops, hydraulic oils, aviation oils, and fuels) from local automotive, agricultural, and marine

enterprises. Millions of gallons of waste oil were processed at this facility. Incoming waste

oils were filtered, graded according to water content, and stored on site in large bulk tanks. The

waste oil was typically sold as fuel or to other waste oil marketers. Current records indicate that

more than 15 million gallons of waste oil were processed at this facility. The Florida

Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) stated that there was hazardous waste on the

site but it was difficult to prove its existence.

Description of Contamination: Little is known about the actual waste handling practices at the

site. However, studies conducted by the USEPA show that former operations at the facility

resulted in contamination of surface and subsurface soils and groundwater by oil and grease,

organic chemicals common to gasoline, and chlorinated cleaning and degreasing solvents. The

studies showed that contaminants were found in a concentrated form floating on top of the water

table, as well as in a dispersed form mixed with the underlying groundwater. Contaminants have

migrated downward from land surface to a depth of 200 feet into the aquifer.

USEPA's comprehensive investigation of the facility in 1998 documented a plume of

groundwater contamination over 600 acres in size, extending into the Biscayne aquifer to a depth

over 140 feet, as well as high levels of contaminated soil and residual amounts of highly

concentrated non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL). These contaminants likely resulted in the

contamination of the Peele-Dixie Wellfield in 1986. In 1997, USEPA removed numerous

containers from the site. In 1999, a second removal action excavated approximately 6000 tons of

highly contaminated soil to a depth of approximately 15 feet. A third removal action from 2001-

2003 was very successful in removing the bulk of contaminants in the subsurface soil through insitu treatment of subsurface contaminants via chemical oxidation.

Samples collected by USEPA from aboveground tanks indicated the presence of 1,1-

dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene. Two contaminants,

1,1-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride, are present in the groundwater at levels high enough to be

a potential health concern.
Appendix 2

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86

The cleanup cost at this site was estimated at $4,200,000; however, cleanup costs may reach $6-

$7 million.

Sources of Information:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. “Health Consultation: Florida

Petroleum Reprocessors.” 2 June 1997. 20 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/florpet/fpr.html

Brad Jackson (EPA Superfund Project Manager Region 4), (404) 562-8925, Interview.

21 November 2005.

EPA Region 4. “EPA Record of Decision: Florida Petroleum Reprocessors.” March 2001.

20 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplfls/fprrod.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Florida Petroleum Reprocessors.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 19 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406469

USEPA. “Florida Petroleum Reprocessors.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January

2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009328049

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Florida Petroleum Reprocessors.” 12 December 2005. 20 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplfls/flpetrfl.htm

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us

Brad Jackson (EPA Superfund Project Manager Region 4), (404) 562-8925,

Jackson.brad@epa.gov

Paul Wierzbicki (District Office FDEP SE District Office), (561) 681-6677

Jennifer K. Wills (Assistant Regional Counsel USEPA, Region 4), (404) 562-9562
Appendix 2

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87

Site Information

Site Name: Helms Drum Service

EPA ID No.:

Address: 1764 State Road 655, Auburndale, FL 33823

County: Polk

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Helms Drum Service is

approximately 4.5 acres containing five buildings and an access road. Structures on site are the

Helms residence, a greenhouse, and three buildings associated with the drum cleaning operation.

The facility, owned by Mr. Leroy Helms, began operations in the mid-1970s and continued until

July 1984. General operations consisted of purchasing and reconditioning spent oil drums and

open-top drums from the citrus industry. On a typical day, an estimated 40 drums and up to 300

gallons of spent oil were treated. Drum reconditioning consisted of a seven-step process utilizing

kerosene to remove oil residues and a caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) rinse. Spent caustic soda

was neutralized with acid (HCl or H2SO4) and the process wastewater was discharged to a

percolation pond. The percolation pond was a naturally occurring surface depression enlarged to

accommodate the volume of wastewater it received.

In early 1982, the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) discovered that the

Helms facility was discharging to groundwater without a permit. In April 1982, FDER sampled

effluent from the drum washing operation. The analysis revealed elevated levels of lead,

chromium and zinc. Consequently, Helms applied to FDER in August 1982 for a discharge

permit. FDER did not issue the permit. In February 1984, following sampling by both FDER

and a consultant representing Helms Drum Service, FDER issued an order to cease all operations

and remediate the soil adjacent to the drum reclamation area, the percolation pond, and

associated groundwater. Helms agreed to comply with the order.

Description of Contamination: By July 1985, all drum reconditioning equipment was removed

from the site and the percolation pond bottom was excavated under the direction of Helms’

consultant. Twenty cubic yards of contaminated sediment was also removed. Sample results

have indicated that natural attenuation has been an appropriate remediation strategy for

groundwater, following the cleanup of contaminated soils.

The primary concern at the facility was groundwater contamination migration of toward the

adjacent wetland and potentially Lake Juliana. Groundwater analyses detected lead, chromium,

mercury, and sodium concentrations above primary drinking water standards, and zinc levels

above secondary drinking water standards. Additionally, several organic compounds and cyanide

had been detected.

The FDEP Hazardous Waste Cleanup Section spent a total of approximately $145,000 for site

investigation activities. There are no records of the costs incurred by the property owner for

excavation/disposal. FDEP delisted the site from the State Action List in January 1995.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

88

Sources of Information:

Don Harris (Florida Department of Environmental Protection), Email. 22 January 2005.

Florida Department of Environmental Protection. “Waste Management Publications: Helms

Drum Service.” 22 May2000. 20 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick_topics/publications/wc/sites/summary/098.pdf

USEPA. “Leroy Helms Drum Service.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 19 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0400814.

Additional Contacts:

Don Harris (Environmental Manager, Hazardous Waste Cleanup Section, Florida Department of

Environmental Protection), Don.Harris@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

89

Site Information

Site Name: Holloway Waste Oil

EPA ID No.: FLD980798946

Address: 6626 Guthrie Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32205

County: Duval

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406399

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This site operated as a waste oil

recycling facility for approximately 20 years under Mr. Floyd Holloway. The exact process

employed to recycle the wastes is unknown. The facility operated until 1995, when the U.S.

Internal Revenue Service temporarily seized the property for nonpayment of taxes, at which

point the property was abandoned. In 1998, Mr. Holloway was indicted by the state of Florida

for improper storage of hazardous waste. His whereabouts are currently unknown.

Description of Contamination: In 1995, USEPA conducted an emergency removal action at the

site after discovering numerous drums, tanks, and containers, most of which were in poor

condition. There was evidence of prior attempts of removal, including areas where surface soils

were heavily stained by waste oils. A surface impoundment was observed to be leaking oily

waste into a drainage ditch. Elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), volatile organic

compounds, and metals were detected in samples collected from various containers. Elevated

levels of some contaminants were discovered in groundwater, including chlorobenzene, methyl

tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), PCBs, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and various

inorganics.

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) recommended further action at the

site in April 1996, and the USEPA conducted a limited excavation of visibly stained soils. A

total of 756 cubic yards of soil was removed from the site and transported to the Springhill

Landfill in Graceville, Florida. The excavated areas were then backfilled with clean fill material

and seeded to prevent erosion.

On December 14, 1999, this Superfund settlement was finalized. The settlement, pursuant to

Section 107(a) of CERCLA, provides for the reimbursement by 100+ generators of waste oil of

$1,289,852 in response costs incurred by USEPA. The total costs at the site were $1,719,803.

However, USEPA determined that the site was eligible for the Orphan Share Policy and

compromised 25 percent of past costs in recognition of the insolvency of the owner/operator.

The Holloway Waste Oil site was approved as a state funded cleanup site in September 2001. In

May 2003, FDEP issued a work assignment to Arcadis Geraghty & Miller, Inc. (AG&M) for an

Initial Site Assessment Work Plan. During development of the Work Plan, AG&M discovered

that the adjacent property owner had purchased the former Holloway site, thereby making them

potentially responsible for cleanup.
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90

FDEP delisted the site from state cleanup on January 31, 2005. It returned the site to the

Northeast District for potential enforcement actions and possible additional assessment via the

Bureau of Waste Cleanup’s Site Investigation Section.

Sources of Additional Information:

EPA Region 4. “Fiscal Year 2000 Enforcement & Compliance Assurance Accomplishments

Report.” 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region4/ead/attachments/2000_accomplishments_report.pdf

Florida State Department of Environmental Protection. “Publications: Holloway Waste Oil.”

(n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick_topics/publications/wc/sites/summary/126.pdf

Kat West (Brownfield and Land Revitalization Legal Coordinator), Interview. 21 November

2005.

USEPA. “Holloway Waste Oil.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 19 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406399

USEPA. “Holloway Waste Oil.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002541991

Contacts:

Ted-Osc Walden (RPM)

Theresa Pepe (Florida Department of Environmental Protection)

Kathleen (Kat) West (Associate Regional Counsel, Brownfield and Land Revitalization Legal

Coordinator), (404) 562-9574, (404) 562-9486
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

91

Site Information

Site Name: International Processing Specialists (IPS) (aka BCX Facility)

EPA ID No.: FLD982109761

Address: 1859 East Adams Street, Jacksonville, FL 322020

County: Duval

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0407787

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: International Processing Specialists

(IPS) operated a used oil processing facility until June 2001. The operation included storage and

treatment of used oil, oily wastewater, and non-hazardous industrial wastewater in over 11 tanks

with a total capacity of approximately 1.3 million gallons. The company abandoned the site,

leaving over 1 million gallons of used oil and other waste.

Violations at the facility were first uncovered during an inspection in 1995. Following the

discovery, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) entered into a Consent

Order with IPS to resolve violations while allowing the company to continue to operate.

However, four subsequent inspections in 1998 and 1999 revealed repeat violations including

operating unpermitted units on and off site; failing to comply with permit conditions; failure to

remove used oil from secondary containment; and failure to clean up spills. As a final remedy,

FDEP issued an order to revoke the company’s permit on March 15, 2002.

Description of Contamination: In summer 2005, USEPA completed a major clean up to

remove waste from the tanks and stop leakage from the tanks.

Sources of Information:

Florida State Department of Environmental Protection – Press Office. “State Revokes Waste

Permit.” 10 May 2002. 20 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/secretary/news/2002/02-051.htm

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “International Processing Specialists.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002562879

USEPA. “BCX Facility.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 19 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0407787

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

92

Site Information

Site Name: Joel C. Patterson and AC

EPA ID No.: FLR000012955

Address: 2919 S. Street, Fort Myers, FL 339160

County: Lee

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Joel C. Patterson and AC was an AC

and mercury lamp recycler. It violated hazardous waste, storage tank, petroleum cleanup, solid

waste, air, freon, and TSCA regulations.

Description of Contamination: 2,800 waste tires, 1,000-gallon tank of used oil, and several

unmarked 55-gallon drums were removed by the property owner. Cleanup costs ranged from

$500,000-$1,000,000.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Joel C. Patterson.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005633485

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP) (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

93

Site Information

Site Name: Kempton Brothers, Inc.

EPA ID No.: FLR000054353

Address: 14525 N. Florida, Tampa, FL 33613

County: Hillsborough

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Kempton Brothers recovered and

cleaned used automobile parts. Between 1976 and 1994, solvents and other pollutants were

illegally flushed into a gravel-lined pit. At various times, the defendants excavated sludge

containing hazardous waste from the pit and illegally disposed of it by sending it to the scrap

yard. On September 18, 1998, Kempton Brothers pleaded guilty to two counts of knowingly

disposing of hazardous waste. Robert Bruce Kempton, president of the salvage operation and

auto parts business, pleaded guilty to one count of knowingly disposing of hazardous waste and

one count of willfully making a false statement to a law officer. Kempton faces a maximum

term of 10 years in prison and fines of $50,000 per day per violation. The violations occurred

daily between September 1992 and May 1994.

Description of Contamination: Solvents illegally disposed in gravel-lined pit. Groundwater

studies conducted by the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation indicate

contamination of wells in the area of the facility operated by Kempton Brothers.

Sources of Information:

Daily Environmental Report No. 191, “State, Federal Officials Crack Down on Criminal

Violators in Tampa Bay.” BNA, Inc. 2 October 1998. 21 January 2006.

http://pubs.bna.com/NWSSTND/IP/BNA/den.nsf/SearchAllView/6EA088D64F5BF8AD

85256691000BC1D9?Open&highlight=RECYCLER

USEPA. “Florida Auto Salvage Company Charged In Waste Case.” 16 January 1998. 19

October 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/4258bece1914bf838525701c005e1fb9/76097c

29d7dc8c578525658e00671265!OpenDocument

USEPA. “Kempton Brothers Porsche Parts.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 20 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005655362
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

94

Site Information

Site Name: Miami Battery

EPA ID No.: FLD004119426

Address: 1110 NW South River Drive, Miami, FL 33178

County: Miami-Dade

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Miami Battery is a battery

manufacturing operation that included smelting.

Description of Contamination: Lead contamination is the result of leaking batteries and filter,

acid holding tanks, rinsing water from sludge collection tanks, and washdown water. The site is

being cleaned up under a state consent order.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Miami Battery Manufacturing Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000872878

USEPA. “Miami Battery & Electric Corp.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 19 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0400547.

Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2285, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

95

Site Information

Site Name: Progressive Marketing Group, Inc. (PMG Finishing)

EPA ID No.: FLD982085003

Address: 4701 L.B. McLeod Road, Orlando, FL 32811

County: Hennepin

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: In 1988, the Hennepin County

Department of Environment and Energy notified the Florida Department of Environmental

Protection (FDEP) that PMG Finishing purchased 500 gallons of paint for $5.00. Possible

fraudulent recycling activities were investigated. PMG had just begun metal finishing operations

in Orlando and identified the material as usable product. PMG went out of business around

1990. In October, 1994, a semi-trailer containing numerous drums and containers of waste

solvents, corrosives, and paints was found abandoned along side a roadway in Marion County,

Florida. Labels on some containers identified PMG as a source. FDEP incurred $26,469 in

disposal costs.

Description of Contamination: Unknown

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “PMG Finishing.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110007421959

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2285, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

96

Site Information:

Site Name: Romarc Industries

EPA ID No.: FL0002072882

Address: 2490 N.E. 200th Avenue, Williston, FL 32696

County: Levy

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406786

Description of Recycling Operation: In the late 1980s and early '90s, Romarc received

hazardous wastes, primarily flammable resins, from companies throughout the United States, but

minimal recycling occurred. The company stored waste in drums that were kept in an enclosure

with a concrete floor and roof. Other drums were kept outside on the ground. Around 1996, the

facility went out of business and abandoned the drums of hazardous waste.

FDEP believes that the facility tried using polyester resin to make resin casts and molds for

concrete products. The facility marketed a few products, such as railroad cross ties and artificial

reef structures, in an attempt to demonstrate that it was producing a valuable product. Romarc

received a contract from the Solid Waste Research Division of the University of Florida to

produce concrete artificial reef structures using the polyester resin casts. The facility did not have

a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: US EPA was contacted by the FDEP in February 1998 for

assistance with a site assessment and possible removal action. An estimated 1,000 drums of

flammable resin waste, in various stages of deterioration, were found at the site. Since minimal

recycling occurred at the facility, contamination most likely came from the drums. While there

was some soil contamination, the potential for a fire or a future release from deteriorating drums

was the biggest concern.

The potentially responsible parties (PRPs) cleanup was approximately $535,000. Outstanding

costs at the site were just less than $500,000, of which $25,000 was USEPA’s cost prior to PRP

take over. The remaining $475,000 consisted of oversight costs and enforcement costs.

Sources of Additional Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 31 October

2005.

EPA Region 4 Environmental News. “EPA Superfund Removal to Begin at the Romarc

Industries Site, Williston, Levy County, FL.” 26 March 1999. 21 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region4/oeapages/99press/032699.htm

Luetscher, Gregory (EPA Region 4), (404) 562-9677, Interview. 22 November 2005.

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

97

USEPA. “Romarc Industries.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 19 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406786

USEPA. “Romarc Industries.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005634536

Contacts:

John Nolen (EPA On-Scene Coordinator), (404) 562-8750

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us

Beth Knauss (FDEP District Office), (813) 744-6100 x383

Gregory D. Luetscher (EPA Region 4), (404) 562-9677
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

98

Site Information

Site Name: Rouse Steel Drum Co.

EPA ID No.: FLD032391542

Address: 612 12th Street East, Jacksonville, FL 32206

County: Duval

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0404733

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This facility was an “empty” drum

reconditioning facility. It generated waste water on site from the reconditioning processes and

wastes were spilled to the ground.

Description of Contamination: The facility went out of business. EPA-funded CERCLA

removals took place in 1993 and 1994, and a PRP-funded removal occurred in 1997.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Rouse Steel Drum.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 19 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0404733

USEPA. “Rouse Steel Drum.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002528612

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2285, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

99

Site Information

Site Name: Rowe Paint and Plas-Chem Coatings (Wilmer Rowe)

EPA ID No.: FLD984243923

Address: 144 Watts St. Jacksonville, FL 322090

County: Duval

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Waste paint and solvents were dumped

onto the floor of a warehouse that had formerly been leased by Mr. Rowe. Plas-Chem Coatings

was the main paint manufacturing facility where Mr. Rowe generated waste solvent and waste

paint that he claimed he was recycling. Mr. Rowe was eventually incarcerated and the property

owner paid $400,000 to dispose of the paints, solvents, and chemicals left behind.

Description of Contamination: Unknown

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

Correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Rowe Paint.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005618885

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2285, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us,
Appendix 2

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100

Site Information:

Site Name: Schuylkill Metals Corp.

EPA ID No.: FLD062794003

Address: 402 S Woodrow Wilson Dr., Plant City, FL 33566

County: Hillsborough

NPL Site: Deleted: 8/22/2001

In CERCLIS Database: 0400710

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: From 1972 until 1986, this facility

recovered lead from storage batteries. The process consisted of transporting the batteries to the

site, sawing the tops off, dumping the sulfuric acid on the ground, and loading the lead plates

onto a railroad car to go to the smelter. Empty battery casings were put in an on-site landfill.

In October 1988, a RCRA closure permit was issued under the provisions of Section 403.722,

Florida Statutes, and Florida Administrative Code Rules 17-3, 17-4, 17-21, and 17-30. The

permit directed Schuylkill Metals to close the unlined hazardous waste pond and specified the

closure procedures. The RCRA closure/post-closure plan for the disposal pond will be addressed

by the CERCLA design for remedial action. This site did not have a RCRA Part B permit.

Description of Contamination: USEPA determined that the pollution from this site was due to

current operations, thereby subjecting the facility to RCRA Corrective Action, not CERCLA.

Groundwater underlying the facility was contaminated with heavy metals such as lead and

chromium, as well as sulfate and ammonia.

The cleanup expenditure at this site as of September 2004 was $612,421.63.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004.

15 January 2004.

USEPA. “Schuylkill Metals Corp.” RCRAInfo. 2 September 2000. 21 January 2006.

USEPA. “Schuylkill Metals of Plant City Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000611446

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile: Schuylkill Metals.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 20

January 2006. http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0400710

USEPA. “Superfund Record of Decision: Schuylkill Metals Corp.”28 September 1990. 20

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0490061.pdf
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101

Additional Contacts:

Randall Chaffins (RPM), (404) 562-8929

Galo Jackson (RPM), (404) 562-8937

Don Rigger (OSC), (404) 347-3931

Kelsey Helton FL (850) 245-8967

Jennifer K. Wills, (404) 562-9562

Annette Hill, (404) 562-8060
Appendix 2

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102

Site Information:

Site Name: Singleton Battery

EPA ID No.: FLD980845697

Address: 551 North Ellis Road, Jacksonville, FL 322050

County: Duval

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This facility was a battery recycling

facility that discharged waste acid/lead onto the ground at the facility. The facility closed, but

site cleanup remains in process under a generator closure consent order. Final RCRA closure

was designated in February 2002.

Description of Contamination: This facility has off-site contamination.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Singleton Battery Co Inc” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcris_web.report?pgm_sys_id=FLD980845697

Additional Contacts:

John Saltford (Facility owner), (904) 783-0110

Augusta Posner (Florida Department of Environmental Protection), (850) 245-2285

augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

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103

Site Information:

Site Name: Singleton Battery/TPA

EPA ID No.: FLD047090725

Address: 2120 N. 71st Street, Tampa, FL 33619

County: Hillsborough

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Singleton Battery is a lead acid battery

supply, service, and repair facility.

Description of Contamination: Operations resulted in soil and groundwater contamination

(lead and low pH). The site is being cleaned up under a generator closure consent order.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “Singleton Battery Co Inc” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002531369

Additional Contacts:

Fred Singleton (Facility Owner), (813) 621-4618

Augusta Posner (Florida Department of Environmental Protection), (850) 245-2285,

augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

104

Site Information

Site Name: Tri-City Oil Conservationist, Inc.

EPA ID No.: FLD070864541

Address: 8767 1⁄2 N. 50th St, Tampa, FL 33617

County: Hillsborough

NPL Site: Deleted: 09/01/1988

In CERCLIS Database: 0400733

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Tri-City Oil Conservationist

Corporation property, occupying about 1⁄4-acre, housed a heating oil business from the 1960s to

1975. From 1978 to 1983, the facility acted as a waste oil storage and distribution center. Three

aboveground storage tanks and one known underground storage tank were on site. While it

operated, the state received complaints about the odor and sloppy practices at the facility. In

1982, 3,000 gallons of oil were spilled. When the owner failed to clean up the site at the request

of the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER), the USEPA removed the bulk

of the oil and later removed contaminated soil. Tri-City was dissolved involuntarily in 1983, and

the owners are in bankruptcy.

Description of Contamination: Elevated levels of lead were found in initial groundwater

sampling, but no elevated levels were found in later samples. Soil excavated from the area was

heavily contaminated with volatile organic compounds and heavy metals from former site

activities.

In February 1984, USEPA spent approximately $50,000 for immediate removal action at the site.

The removal of contaminated soils and sludges in1984 eliminated the threats to human health

and the environment.

Other owner/operators are in bankruptcy. A cost of recovery action against the potentially

responsible parties may be initiated under the authority of Sections 107 and 122(H) of CERCLA.

Florida spent approximately $55,000 for a contamination assessment and $145,000 for its May

1985 removal action. The state is currently pursuing a civil cost recovery action against the

owner/operators of the site.

In 1986, tests of soil, groundwater, and sediment showed that the source of contamination was

removed

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Tri-City Oil Conservationist Inc.” 21 September

1987. 20 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0487023.pdf.

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Tri-City Oil Conservationist Inc.” 21 September 1984. 20

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0400733.pdf.
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105

USEPA. “Tri-City Oil Conservation One-Page Summary.” 29 June 2004. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/success/1-pagers/tricity.htm.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Tri-City Oil Conservationist Inc.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 19 October 2006

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0400733

USEPA. “Tri-City Oil Conservationist Inc” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January

2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100083

28087

Additional Contacts:

K. Cleghron (RPM), (404) 257-2643
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

106

Site Information

Site Name: UNC

EPA ID No.: FLD984166942

Address: 1 1/2 Mile East of Highway 37 on State Road 640, Mulberry, FL

33860

County: Polk

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: UNC reclaimed cadmium and nickel

from 1988-1991.

Description of Contamination: Soil and groundwater contamination are being remediated by a

subsequent owner under a state generator consent order.

Sources of Information:

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “UNC Recovery Corporation.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110007435374.

Additional Contacts:

Augusta Posner (Florida Department of Environmental Protection), (850) 245-2285,

augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Florida

107

Site Information:

Site Name: United Metals, Inc.

EPA ID No.: FLD098924038

Address: Highway 71 South, Marianna, FL 32446

County: Jackson

NPL Site: Final: 4/30/2003

In CERCLIS Database: 0400804

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: From 1979 until 1991, United

Metals, Inc., processed and recycled lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries. In 1981, the

facility processed as many as 10,000 to 12,000 batteries per week, resulting in 2,500 gallons of

acidic wastes per day. Until 1981, treated and possibly untreated wastewater from the recycling

process flowed into a settling basin, then into concrete basins, and finally through a ditch to an

unlined holding pond. In 1982, the wastewater system was modified so that wastewater could be

neutralized in storage tanks and recycled back into plant operations, which eliminated

wastewater discharges to the holding ponds. A second holding pond was constructed to provide

additional capacity, but allegedly was never used. The holding ponds subsequently were

abandoned, dredged, and backfilled. Dredged sediments from the holding ponds and from

contaminated drainage ditches are currently stockpiled in the recycling building on site.

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) considered the recycling practice

to be legitimate at the time. The facility operated under a recycling exemption from RCRA. In

August 1981, FDEP and United Metals, Inc., entered into a Consent Order that required

numerous actions to be undertaken by United Metals. These actions included payment of a fine;

submittal of a detailed plan evaluating the wastewater system; identification of environmental

problems; completion of a limited ground water assessment; and proposal of corrective actions.

In July 1986, USEPA conducted a RCRA inspection and noted that RCRA violations persisted.

The violations included improper closure of the holding ponds following sediment removal;

improper storage of hazardous wastes; inadequate ground water monitoring; and operating

without appropriate permits for hazardous waste storage and treatment. As a result of these

violations, USEPA issued an Amended Complaint and Compliance Order.

United Metals discontinued recycling operations and sold the facility to Anrich Industries, Inc.

Anrich subsequently renovated the facility and began battery-cracking operations in May 1991.

On May 22, 1991, FDEP conducted a Hazardous Waste Inspection of the facility and noted

several RCRA violations and, in July 1991, ordered that all operations cease. The site is now

abandoned and listed on the National Priorities List (NPL).

Description of Contamination: Releases of lead, chromium, and other metals have been

documented in facility soils, in a nearby wetland, and in a habitat used by a federally threatened

species. The release also poses a threat to a downstream recreational fishery and additional

wetland areas.
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In June 1993, a site inspection included collection of 15 soil samples and the installation of five

monitoring wells. Soil samples collected from the facility production area and drainage ditches

were contaminated with lead. In 1994, an Expanded Site Investigation confirmed the presence of

lead at significant levels in facility soils and in the drainage ditch that flows into the wetland

area.

In March 1995, the USEPA Removal Assessment Team conducted a site visit to determine the

site’s eligibility for a removal action. USEPA collected six surface soils samples, four waste

samples from 55-gallon drums and three storage tanks, and two water samples to identify the

nature and extent of contamination and the immediate threat to the public and environment.

Lead was detected in soils, a flammable liquid was discovered in drums, and 800 gallons of

sulfuric acid were found in an on-site storage tank.

The main area of concern at the United Metals facility is contaminated soil where the battery

recycling activities were performed, as well as contaminated soil along the drainage route to the

wetland area located west of the facility. Metals contamination has been documented in the

wetland.

Sources of Additional Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). October

2005.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “United Metals, Inc.” n.d. 20 January 2006.

http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/book_shelf/225_UnitedMetals.pdf.

Posner, Augusta. (State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection). Email

correspondence to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 17 March 2005.

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for United Metals Inc.” 30 April 2003. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0400804.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for United Metals Inc.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005.

19 January 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0400804

USEPA. “United Metals.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110012597430

Contacts:

Augusta Posner (FDEP), (850) 245-2282, augusta.posner@dep.state.fl.us

Jim Byer (Hazardous Waste Section Supervisor, FDEP, Northwest District), (850) 595-8360 ext

1264, James.Byer@dep.state.fl.us

Joe Alfano (Remedial Project Manager, EPA Region 4)
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Site Information

Site Name: Yellow Water Road Dump

EPA ID No.: FLD980844179

Address: 1190 Yellow Water Road, Baldwin, FL 32234

County: Duval

NPL Site: Deleted 5/18/1999

In CERCLIS Database: 0400933

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The 14-acre Yellow Water Road Dump

site is a former storage area for PCB-contaminated liquids and electrical equipment that began

in 1981 as a salvage operation for transformers. The property, originally purchased in 1940 for

commercial development, was later acquired by the American Environmental Energy

Corporation (AEEC). In 1981, AEEC entered into a joint venture with two other corporations

with the intent of moving an incinerator to the site to destroy PCBs and began on-site storage of

PCB-contaminated liquids and electrical equipment at the former operational area in

anticipation of upcoming on-site incineration operations. The proper permits for the incinerator

were never obtained. In 1982, PCB-contaminated oils were spilled at the site during on-site

salvage operations to remove valuable metal parts from transformer carcasses. The operation

ended in 1984 when the property was rezoned. An estimated 150,000 gallons of PCBcontaminated fluids were stored at the site. Much of this fluid leaked from storage vessels and

contaminated site soils and the underlying surficial aquifer.

Description of Contamination: Groundwater, sediment, and soil are contaminated with PCBs.

In 1984, USEPA conducted a removal action that included cleaning and storing 719 electrical

transformers; securing 100,000 gallons of PCB liquids in onsite holding tanks; and excavating

and storing 3,000 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated soil onsite. In 1988, USEPA directed a

second removal action that included demolishing an onsite warehouse; disposing of warehouse

debris and stockpiling contaminated soil off site; incinerating 78,854 gallons of PCB liquids off

site; and disposing of 704 transformers and 18,690 pounds of capacitors off site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. “Florida NPL/NPL Caliber Cleanup Site Summaries.” 13 December 2005. 19

February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplfln/yellowfl.htm

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Yellow Water Road Dump.” 28 September 1990.

19 February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0490067.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Yellow Water Road Dump.” 30 June 1992. 19

February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0492103.pdf

USEPA. “Federal Register Notice – Notice of Deletion of Yellow Water Road Dump Superfund

Site from the National Priorities List (NPL).” 18 May 1999. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/d990518.htm
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USEPA. “Final Five-Year Review Report Second Five-Year Review for Yellow Water Road

Superfund Site.” September 2005. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f05-04018.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Yellow Water Road Dump.” 10 June 1986. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0400933.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile: Yellow Water Road Dump.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0400933

USEPA. “Yellow Water Road Dump Superfund Site Five Year Review Report.” 13 September

2000. 19 February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f00-04025.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Dave Keefer (RPM), (404) 562-8932
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111

Site Information

Site Name: Alternate Energy Resources, Inc.

EPA ID No.: GAD033582461

Address: 2936 Walden Drive, Augusta, GA 30904

County: Richmond

NPL Site: Proposed: 9/14/2005

In CERCLIS Database: 0401411

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Alternate Energy Resources (AER)

property is a 2.64-acre abandoned property. From 1975 to 2000, AER operated as a commercial

hazardous waste storage and treatment facility until it declared bankruptcy and shut down. It

formerly recycled oil and solvents. AER began operations in early 1975, when AER purchased

the Nimmons Oil Company property. AER's waste treatment processes included: blending highBTU hazardous waste to be used as fuel in off-site industrial boilers and furnaces; recycling

hazardous waste solvents by distillation; and treating used oils, hazardous and non-hazardous

wastewater, and non-hazardous coolants. AER filed for bankruptcy on December 13, 2000. The

site was in RCRA’s corrective action program, but was transferred to CERCLA. The State

conducted a preliminary assessment/site investigation (PA/SI). USEPA is hoping that a

potentially responsible party (PRP) group will form to conduct the remedial

investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS). Units on the site received RCRA Part B permits in

September 1987, December 1989, and September 1997.

Description of Contamination: Contamination is the result of poor operation and spills that

occurred over a number of years. Improper management of residuals specifically led to

environmental damage. The sources of site contamination include: soil contamination that is

present at significantly elevated concentrations; a 3,000-gallon toluene and heptane spill; a 500-

gallon release from a rainwater collection basin; a 13,191-gallon waste oil, inks, and oil

processing residues spill; and a 70,000-gallon former unlined surface impoundment.

Contaminants of concern associated with activities at the AER facility include trichloroethene

(TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE). TCE and PCE were detected in ground water samples and

soil samples at concentrations significantly above background concentrations. The soil

contamination is on site and groundwater contamination is off site.

Cleanup costs are currently being developed by EPA Region 4.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 31 October

2005.

Michuda, Colleen E. (EPA Region 4) Interview, 21 November 2005.

USEPA. “Alternative Energy Resources.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 19 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0401411.
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112

USEPA. “Alternate Energy Resources Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000611687

USEPA. “Alternate Energy Resources Inc.” RCRAInfo. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “Site Description Prior to Cleanup: Alternate Energy Resources.” 14 September 2005.

20 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0401411.pdf.

Additional Contacts:

Carolyn Callihan (EPA Region 4, Superfund Remedial Project Manager), (404) 562-8913

Brian Farrier (EPA Region 4, Superfund Remedial Project Manager), (404) 562-8952

Colleen E. Michuda (EPA Region 4, Associate Regional Counsel), (404) 562-9685,

michuda.colleen@epa.gov
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Site Information:

Site Name: Exide Technologies (formerly GNB Technologies, Inc.)

EPA ID No.: GAD070330576

Address: 3639 Joy Road, Columbus, GA 31906

County: Muscogee

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: The Exide site has had historic

operations since the 1950s. An old smelter operated on site until the mid-90s, and a new smelter

was opened in the late 90s. Exide's Battery Recycling Plant recycles lead in used lead-acid

batteries and various other lead wastes. The process consists of battery breaking, desulfurization,

drying, smelting, refining, and casting. In the battery breaking area, the solid lead and lead paste

are separated from the plastic casing. The lead paste (primarily lead sulfate) is desulfurized

using sodium carbonate to form lead carbonate and sodium sulfate. The lead carbonate is

reunited with solid lead and dried in the Rotary Material Dryer. The sodium sulfate is

crystallized and sold as a by-product. The dried lead from the Rotary Material Dryer is stored in

bunkers, from which it is charged to the Reverb Furnace for smelting. After smelting, the lead is

poured into large kettles where it is refined and cast into ingots. The slag produced by the

Reverb Furnace is conveyed to the Rotary Furnace for recovery of remaining lead. The lead

from the Rotary Furnace is transferred to the kettles for refining and casting.

The sulfuric acid from used batteries is chemically converted to sodium sulfate crystals. The

plastic from used battery housings is recovered and sold as plastic chips.

The Exide site was also used to manufacture and distribute new batteries.

The operations at Exide were considered legitimate; however materials were not managed to

minimize loss, a key criterion for recycling legitimacy.

This facility is currently in RCRA Corrective Action. The facility was issued a RCRA permit (in

March 1988 and April 1998) for storage of the old batteries used in the smelting operation. The

smelting facility operated with a recycling exemption from RCRA.

Description of Contamination: Improper storage and containment systems for plastic battery

casings and lead platelets resulted in significant soil and groundwater contamination by lead,

chromium and battery acid. Contamination, which occurred after RCRA was in effect, resulted

from many aspects of the process besides storage. Trucks bringing the batteries to the site often

leaked battery fluids. The battery cracking operation also resulted in many leaks. Georgia’s

Environmental Protection Division fined the company consistently. The estimated closure cost

is $8,890,000 and the total cost is approximately $8,089,570.
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Sources of Information:

Georgia Environmental Protection Division. “Facility Information: Exide Technologies.”

Georgia Title V Application Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://airpermit.dnr.state.ga.us/gatv/TitleV.asp

Slewinsky, Jim. Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Interview. 21 November 2005.

Smith, Mark (Hazardous Waste Management Branch, Georgia Department of Natural

Resources). Letter to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 21 February 2005.

USEPA. “Chloride Metals.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0401548

USEPA. “Exide Technologies Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000361359.

USEPA. “Permit Series List.” RCRAInfo. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Exide Technologies.” RCRAInfo.

6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=GAD070330576

Contacts:

Penny Gaynor (Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Geologist Managing Cleanup)

(404) 656-2833

Jim Slewinsky (Georgia Environmental Protection Division)

Jim McNamara, (404) 656-7802

Jim Ussery (Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Program Manager, Facilities

Compliance Program), (404) 656-2833

Dave Yardumian (Unit Manager, Combustion and Treatment Unit 5/24), (404) 656-2833
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Site Information:

Site Name: Joe Sikes Oil Service, Inc.

EPA ID No.: GAD981262470

Address: 3551 Athens Highway, Jefferson, GA 30549

County: Jackson

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0409809

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Joe Sikes Oil Services is a used oil

dealer that collects, bulks, and distributes used motor oil. The facility has 10 oil storage tanks

(varying from 2,000 gallon to 18,000 gallon capacity) in one tank farm. A second tank farm

contains three diesel tanks for fueling. A third tank farm contains eight tanks for storing coolant

water. Two additional tanks containing oily sludge sit in the back of the facility. According to

the foreman of Sikes Oil Service, oil has not been processed at the facility since the fall of 1999;

however, the facility still receives various types of waste oil for storage from industrial

(nonautomotive) sources until it can be transported to processing facilities. The facility was

granted a solid waste handling permit for storage of municipal solid waste until it is transported

off site for disposal.

Description of Contamination: Contamination resulted from the transportation of used oil

directly connected to recycling practices. At approximately 11:15 PM on June 19, 2005, a tanker

truck off-loading used oil at the facility exploded. The driver was killed instantly and the

contents of the tanker truck either burned with the truck or were released to the ground

surrounding the facility. The tank purportedly contained used motor oil. The cause of the

explosion is unknown. The building sustained significant damage. Approximately 200 to 300

gallons were released to the ground. The spill was contained and cleaned up over a period of

five hours by the responsible party, with oversight by EP. The contaminants of concern at this

facility, based on the nature of operation, are VOCs. At Sikes Oil Service, releases of VOCs to

air could have occurred through the following activities: (1) the heating of the oil without the use

of, or with faulty, emissions equipment; (2) the storage and transfer of oil products, (3) routine

vehicle maintenance, and (4) the storage of solid waste.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). October

2005.

Georgia Department of Human Resources under a Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for

Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. “Petitioned Health Consultation: Sikes Oil

Service.” 16 January 2002. 20 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/sikesoil/sos_toc.html

USEPA. “Joe Sikes Oil Services.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001420230
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USEPA. “Sikes Oil.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0409809

USEPA. “Sikes Oil Services.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://www.epaosc.net/site_profile.asp?site_id=1683.

Additional Contacts:

David Dorian (USEPA Region 4, On-Scene Coordinator, Environmental Engineer),

(404) 562-8767, dorian.david@epa.gov

John Kroske (USEPA Region 4, Environmental Engineer), (404) 562-8613
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Site Information

Site Name: SoGreen Waste Pile, Parramore Fertilizer, Barren Area

(contiguous sites)

EPA ID No.: GAD984321661

Address: Highland Avenue., Tifton, GA, 31794

County: Tift

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406099

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: SoGreen Waste Pile held a permit for

storage of 500 cubic yards of K061 inside of a building. Their primary business was mixing the

K061 with six parts of agricultural lime for sale as a micronutrient package. The business

declined in 1986, and, in about seven months, the facility had accepted over 60,000 tons of K061

and stored it on the ground in piles up to 30 feet high. Various industrial wastewaters were

applied to the pile for dust suppression.

Description of Contamination: This site has a known release of cadmium in groundwater at

levels exceeding the reportable quantity. No human exposure via drinking water is suspected

from this release. The nearest drinking water well is between one and two miles from the area

affected by the release. Other substances in groundwater include lead, chromium, barium, and

mercury. This site, which has unlimited access, has a known release of cadmium in soil at levels

exceeding the reportable quantity. The nearest resident individual is between 301 and 1000 feet

from the area affected by the release. Other substances on site: lead; chromium; arsenic; barium;

beryllium; mercury; silver; selenium; thallium; benzo(a)anthracene; benzo(a)pyrene;

benzo(b)fluoranthene; iso(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; chrysene; dibenzo(a,h)anthracene;

fluoranthene; indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene; phenanthrene; pyrene; acetone; dichloromethane; and

tetrachloroethene. Although the recycling was legitimate, the facility accepted too much waste

and poor management thereof led to damage.

Sources of Information:

Georgia Environmental Protection Division. “Site Number 10142 Site Summary: SoGreen

Waste Pile.” Hazardous Site Inventory. 1 July 2004. 20 January 2006.

http://www.dnr.state.ga.us/environ/gaenviron_files/hazwaste_files/hsi_100-199.pdf.

Smith, Mark (Hazardous Waste Management Branch, Georgia Department of Natural

Resources). Letter to Dave Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 21 February 2005.

USEPA. “Parramore Fertilizer.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406099.

USEPA. “Parramore Fertilizer.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009163056.
Appendix 2

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118

Additional Contacts:

Jim McNamara and Jan Simmons (Georgia Department of Natural Resources), (404) 656-7802
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Idaho

119

Site Information

Site Name: P4 Production LLC - Monsanto

EPA ID No.: IDD081830994

Address: Highway 34 North, Soda Springs, ID 83276

County: Caribou

NPL Site: Final: 8/30/1990

In CERCLIS Database: 1000213

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Monsanto Soda Springs Plant

processes locally mined phosphate ore to produce elemental phosphorus. In 1952, Monsanto

purchased the plant site, built the plant, and began operations. The fenced plant consists of more

than a dozen administrative and processing buildings plus ore piles, slag piles, by-product

materials, surface impoundments, and a solid-waste landfill. Recycling operations have included

many process water waste streams and operations continue on the property. It appears that the

recyclable materials were not managed to prevent or minimize loss.

Description of Contamination: In the past, recycling of the scrubber wastewater from the

Bevill exempt nodulizing kiln and entrained, underflow solids, led to extensive groundwater

contamination, resulting in an NPL listing. Groundwater underneath the site and the surrounding

vicinity is contaminated with cadmium, selenium, fluoride and nitrate. Management of nonBevill exempt wastewaters prior to re-use may also have resulted in groundwater contamination.

The solids, some of which are also recycled to the kiln, have high levels of naturally occurring

radioactive materials and have resulted in radionuclide contamination around the plant.

Through the 1980s, Monsanto conducted investigations and actions at the site to address many of

the known and suspected sources of contamination. In 1987, sampling was conducted as part of a

site inspection, and contamination was found in monitoring and production wells. Investigations

into the type and extent of contamination at the site have since been completed.

Over the past 30 years, the estimated cost of addressing all the contaminated soils through

institutional controls at prices estimated in the feasibility study (FS) is $2,500,000. However, the

total cost could be as much as $9,500,000, if the full extent of contaminated soils above the

remediation goal in potential residential areas is taken into account through excavation, soil

replacement, and containment within the Plant. The estimated cost of the Soil Institutional

Control/Groundwater Monitoring alternative in the FS was $400,000 for the initial cost of

establishing institutional controls and up to $150,000/year for ongoing groundwater monitoring,

source/soil monitoring, and dust control. Together these costs add up to a total of $2,500,000 for

remediation at the site. Since dust control is required pursuant to the Plant's Idaho permit and is

not part of the selected remedy, that cost is not part of the cost of the remedy. However, the cost

estimate still seems reasonable, given that the cost of the arbitration which may be needed was

not estimated in the FS.

The FS cost estimate for the active soil cleanup alternative was $16 million dollars, based on

cleanup of 435 acres to meet a 1x10 -4 cleanup level. Current estimates of the total area to be
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120

addressed at the selected 3x 10 -4 cleanup level, is 250 acres, of which some 25 percent is

already owned by Monsanto. Thus, the maximum cost estimate for the soil remedy over 30 years

if all soils outside Monsanto's control require active remediation is an additional $7,000,000, for

a total cost estimate of $9,500,000.

As of September 30, 2004, total cost expenditures at the site were $944,646.65. Contamination

occurred both before and after 1982. Contamination occurred from a variety of sources, some of

them not recycling related and the clean up cost, therefore, is not completely related to recycling.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 10. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

30 November 2005.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: P4 Production LLC.” 30 April 1997. 16 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r1097049.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2006. 13 January

2006.

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: P4 Production LLC.” November 2003. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/nplpad.nsf/88d393e4946e3c478825631200672c95/39dd3205

823cb6c785256595004b0ea3?OpenDocument

USEPA. “P4 Production LLC.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000743982

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Monsanto Chemical Co.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=1000213

Additional Contacts:

Sylvia Burges, (206) 553-1254

Wally Reid, (206) 553-1728
Appendix 2

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121

Site Information

Site Name: Circle Smelting Corporation

EPA ID No.: ILD050231976

Address: State Rte 50, Beckemeyer, IL 62231

County: Clinton

NPL Site: Proposed: 6/17/1996

In CERCLIS Database: 0500350

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Circle Smelting Corporation

facility was originally constructed on a 28 acre parcel of land in 1904 as a primary zinc smelter.

In 1920, it was converted to a secondary smelter recovering zinc and aluminum from scrap

metals. A Belgium retort system was used to boil zinc scrap and reclaim pure "Prime Western"

grade zinc. The Belgium retort system was discontinued at the facility in the late 1960s; smelting

operations continued through late 1994. During operations, waste materials were deposited

throughout the site, while waste cinders containing lead were used in the Village of Beckemeyer

as a surface material for walking paths, driveways, and alleys. Waste material was used over

time to fill low-lying areas on the site including a small, shallow lake that was part of the main

operations area.

Description of Contamination: Soil and surface water were both contaminated by the site; the

area of contaminated soil is approximately 21 million square feet. A 17 acre slag waste pile, up

to 15 feet deep in some sections, has high concentrations of zinc, nickel, lead, and cadmium.

Residual metals and coal cinders from the smelting process have contaminated soils on and off

the property and generated air emissions that include metal oxides. Approximately 5,800 feet of

forested wetlands north of the site had high levels of zinc resulting from contamination of a

nearby creek.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 5. “Cleanup Work has begun at the Circle Smelting Superfund Site.” April 1999. 20

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/Region5/sites/circle/circle.pdf

Illinois Department of Public Health. “Public Health Assessment: Circle Smelting Corporation.”

25 January 2006.

http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/pdf/circle%20smelting%20PHA%20final2.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Circle Smelting Corp.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0500350

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Circle Smelting Corp.” 17 June 1996. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1475.htm

Additional Contacts:

Stavros Emmanouil, (312) 886-1768

Zenny Sadlon, (312) 886-6682
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Site Information

Site Name: Clayton Chemical Company

EPA ID No.: ILD066918327

Address: 1 Mobile Avenue, Sauget, IL 62201

County: St. Clair

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 500427

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Clayton Chemical contains a multitude

of above ground storage tanks, process units, drum storage buildings, and an office laboratory on

the 7.5 acre facility. Prior to 1961, the property was owned by GM&O Railroad who operated a

roundhouse on the site. In 1961, Clayton Chemical Company leased the facility to recycle and

recover solvents and waste oils. On May 12, 1981, the Village of Sauget deeded the site

property to the Clayton Chemical Company, whose operations on the site continued until

November of 1996. Between 1996 and 1998, the site was operated by the Resource Recovery

Group as a waste oil and spent solvents recycling and recovery business. Illinois EPA denied the

company a RCRA Part B permit for the site in 1998, halting operations and any further

acceptance of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes.

Description of Contamination: An unspecified amount of liquid hazardous and non-hazardous

substances remain on site in the above ground storage tanks and associated piping, 55-gallon

drums, and miscellaneous containers. Lead and PCBs are the primary contaminants of concern

both on and off-site.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Clayton Chem Co.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0500427

USEPA. “Clayton Chemical Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000612533

USEPA. “Resource Recovery Group Site.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 16 January

2006. www.epaosc.net/epaosc

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Resource Recovery.” RCRAInfo.

6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ILD066918327

Additional Contacts:

Kevin Turner, Turner.Kevin@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Illinois

123

Site Information

Site Name: Environmental Waste Resources, Inc.

EPA ID No.: ILD087157251

Address: 2390 South Broadway Street & Reed Road, Coal City, IL 60416

County: Grundy

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0500488

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Environmental Waste Resources, Inc.

(EWR), a Connecticut corporation, operated this treatment, storage, and recycling facility from

1976 to 1997. During its operation, EWR accepted hazardous and non-hazardous waste in bulk

and container shipments. On July 8, 1997, EWR filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 of

the U.S. Bankruptcy Act (Case No. 97-32784). When EWR's bankruptcy proceeding converted

to a Chapter 7 proceeding on February 3, 1998, EWR abandoned the site, including hazardous

substances, pollutants and contaminants. The waste remained on the site in deteriorating drums,

and bulk tanks. The waste contained elevated concentrations of some volatile organic

compounds (VOCs) as well as lower concentrations of other VOCs and semi volatile organic

compounds (SVOCs). In addition, approximately 40 compressed gas cylinders, many containing

flammable gases, were left in outdoor areas of the site. Numerous laboratory chemicals

including, concentrated acids, bases, flammables, oxidizers, poisons, and radioactive material

were left in an onsite laboratory building.

Description of Contamination: Site abandonment as a result of the company’s bankruptcy

claim led to significant environmental damage. Shortly after EWR filed for bankruptcy, the

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) conducted a site investigation and referred it to

USEPA for response actions. USEPA conducted an emergency site assessment which identified

831 full drums containing both hazardous and non-hazardous waste; several hundred empty and

partially full drums stored in three semi-trailers; 23 aboveground tanks in outdoor tank farms,

most full to capacity of 10,000 to 50,000 gallons each; 4 aboveground tanks in the process

building; 29 compressed gas cylinders; and a variety of laboratory chemicals. The inspections

also revealed numerous wastewater violations, including discharges into the municipal sewer

system containing copper, lead, chromium, cyanide, nickel, oil and grease, tin, zinc, cadmium,

and other chemicals in excess of limits established in EWR's Wastewater Discharge Permit.

As of September 2004, cleanup expenditures at this site total $260,768.89.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Environmental Waste Resources.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0500488

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Environmental Waste Resources,

Inc.” RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ILD087157251
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Illinois

124

USEPA. “Environmental Waste Resources Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000912932

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2006. 16 January

2006.

Additional Contacts:

Stavros Emmanouil, (312) 886-1768
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Illinois

125

Site Information

Site Name: Hydromet Environmental USA Incorporated

EPA ID No.: ILD984766279

Address: 2475 East US Highway 36, Newman, IL 61942-2037

County: Douglas

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Hydromet Environmental (USA) Inc.

(Hydromet) is a hazardous waste reclamation company. Five of its former company officials

have been indicted by a federal grand jury for allegedly hiding piles of toxic sludge and

pretending it had been processed properly. The indictment claims Hydromet and the five key

employees engaged in a criminal conspiracy to illegally transport, store, and dispose of

hazardous wastes at its Newman facility in Douglas County from 1999 through February 2003.

In addition to Hydromet, those charged include: William A. Morgan, former chairman of the

board and chief executive officer; John E. Pugh, former plant manager; Julianna H. Bauter,

former environmental compliance official; Douglas Bennett, former chemist; and Ronald I.

Martin, former warehouse supervisor.

According to the indictments, Hydromet's Newman facility was unsuccessful from the outset

because it did not have any viable processes for reclaiming metals from some 3.8 million tons of

hazardous wastes it accepted for processing between 1995 and 1998. The company suffered

severe financial setbacks and shutdown in January 1998, leaving tons of dangerous wastes

containing poisons like cyanide, arsenic, lead, and cadmium stored in on-site tanks.

The state of Illinois began enforcement action against Hydromet that resulted in an injunction in

May, 1999, requiring the company to process the materials correctly or dispose of them at a

permitted site by May 31, 1999.

Rodger A. Heaton, United States Attorney for the Central District of Illinois, claims the

defendants illegally shipped the wastes to a rundown warehouse in East Chicago, Ind., and also

hid them on site at their Newman plant to try and convince the Illinois Environmental Protection

Agency that it was complying with the court injunction. Heaton also alleges the defendants used

false documentation to ship the waste to a non-hazardous landfill in Indianapolis.

Heaton claims the aim was to win permission to start up operations again, and the company was

given permission to do so in November of 2002.

If convicted, each defendant could face up to five years in prison on each count, as well as a fine

of up to $50,000 per day of violation or $250,000, whichever is higher.

The case has been investigated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Criminal
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Illinois

126

Investigation Division, the Illinois EPA and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

Description of Contamination: The company shut down in 1998, leaving tons of dangerous

wastes containing poisons like cyanide, arsenic, lead and cadmium stored in on-site tanks.

Sources of Information:

Herald & Review. “Federal charges filed against Newman firm for hiding piles of toxic

Sludge.” 23 January 2006. 15 February 2006.

http://www.herald-review.com/articles/2006/01/25/news/state/1012625.txt

Region 5- Regional Counsel. “Enforcement Action Summary FY 2006- January.”

6 February 2006. 15 February 2006.

USEPA. “Hydromet Environmental USA Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.) 15 February 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000772343

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Hydromet Environmental Inc.”

RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ILD984766279
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Illinois

127

Site Information

Site Name: J Pitt Melt Shop

EPA ID No.: ILN000508169

Address: 3151 S. California, Chicago, IL 60608

County: Cook

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0508169

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: In 1918, the owner of the site, the

Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) leased the property

for 99 years. The lease was subsequently assigned to California Auto Reclamation Co., a

majority of which is owned by M S Kaplan Company. Kaplan has been subleasing the property

to various companies that process steel billet and blooms from scrap steel. The most recent

company on the site, J Pitt Steel, ceased operations in 1996 and its parent company filed for

Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1997.

Description of Contamination: On April 5, 2001, the City of Chicago Department of

Environment (CDE) discovered abandoned artillery shells and observed oil releasing from the

site into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. CDE referred the site to USEPA, and received the

assistance of the U.S. Army to address the munitions. Subsequent USEPA assessment activities

determined that hazardous materials had contaminated the site including, up to 54,000 ppm

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); electric arc furnace dust (K061); lead, chromium, and

cadmium dust and ash; drums and containers with acids, caustics, and solvents; cesium-137 in

mold level control devices; and friable asbestos.

On April 10, 2001, Kaplan and the MWRDGC stated that they would perform the work and pay

for all site cleanup costs under an Administrative Order of Consent to be negotiated with the

USEPA.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “J Pitt Melt Shop.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0508169

USEPA. “J. Pitt Melt Shop.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110006819416

USEPA Region 5 – Regional Council. “Enforcement Action Summary FY 2001 I-L.”

http://www.epa.gov/region5/orc/enfactions/enfactions2001/name-itol.htm

Additional Contacts:

Brad Benning (OSC), (312) 353-7613

Stuart P. Hersh (Multi-Media Branch I), (312) 886-6235
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Illinois

128

Site Information

Site Name: R. Lavin and Sons

EPA ID No.: CERCLIS: ILN000508448

RCRAInfo and CERCLIS: ILD097271563

Address: 2028 S. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064

County: Lake

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0508448

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site has operated as a secondary

brass smelter since 1941. It comprises approximately 17.5 acres surrounded by residential and

commercial land-uses. A variety of copper and brass scraps were imported from off-site sources,

melted and refined, poured into ingots, and shipped to customers. The facility has been upgraded

several times in response to enforcement actions by the state of Illinois including, installation of

several baghouses, improvement of a closed-loop, cooling water recirculating system, and

implementation of surface run-off containment and control measures.

Description of Contamination: Areas of concern on site include three open top storage tanks,

two retention ponds, process water pit, and numerous baghouses that contain elevated levels of

lead, cadmium, copper and zinc. State studies have indicated significant downstream

contamination of Pettibone Creek with copper, lead, and zinc.

Releases of contaminants to the storm sewer as a result of recycling operations have been and

continue to be an ongoing problem at this site.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “R Lavin and Sons.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0508448

USEPA. “R Lavin and Sons.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000429812

USEPA. “R Lavin and Sons.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.) 16 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/RLAVIN

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for R. Lavin and Sons.” RCRAInfo. 6

June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ILD097271563#List%2

0of%20Cleanup%20Activities

Additional Contacts:

Bradley Benning, benning.bradley@epa.gov

Cynthia Kawakami, kawakami.cynthia@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

129

Site Information

Site Name: Amacor Residential/Amacor Magnesium Fire

EPA ID No.: INN000509963/INN000509962

Address: 1820 E 32nd Street, Anderson, IN 46013

County: Madison

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0509962/0509963

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: AMACOR (Advanced Magnesium

Alloy Corporation) is a magnesium recycling facility occupying approximately 5 acres, enclosed

within a 6-foot chain link fence topped with barbed wire. The site contains three buildings (A,

B, and C) where separate steps of the recycling process occur.

Description of Contamination: Approximately 300,000 pounds of magnesium at the facility

caught fire on January 14, 2005 and continued to burn for approximately 48 hours. The fire and

smoke acted as a propellant for encapsulated asbestos insulation located atop a rubber membrane

roofing material used in the facility buildings, built around 1969. As a precaution, a 1-mile

radius around the AMACOR facility was evacuated, involving 5,000 to 8,000 residents. Asbestos

removal activities on affected residential areas in Anderson, Indiana have been taking place since

the fire. Asbestos has been detected in some debris that fell in the neighborhood south and

southwest of the facility.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 5. “Cleanup Work after Amacor Fire.” March 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region5/sites/amacor/amacor-200503.pdf

EPA Region 5 – Cleanup Sites. “Amacor Magnesium Fire.” 11 January 2006. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region5/sites/amacor/index.htm

USEPA. “Amacor Magnesium Fire.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 25 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0509962

USEPA. “Amacor Magnesium Fire.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110022533070

USEPA. “Amacor Residential.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0509963

USEPA. “Amacor Residential.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110022533089

USEPA. “Amacor Residential.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/AMACORRESIDENTIAL
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

130

Additional Contacts:

Joe Muñoz (CIC), 312-886-7935 or 800-621-8431, ext. 67935, munoz.joe@epa.gov

Ken Rhame (OSC), 312-353-6720, rhame.kenneth@epa.gov

Tim Johnson (State Project Manager - IDEM), (317) 232-3220, tjohnson@idem.in.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

131

Site Information

Site Name: Continental Steel Corp.

EPA ID No.: IND001213503

Address: W Markland Ave., Kokomo, IN 46902

County: Howard

NPL Site: Final: 3/31/89

In CERCLIS Database: 0501228

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Since 1896, manufacturing processes

and products on the site have varied, but for much of its recent history, Continental Steel Corp.

manufactured rods and wire products from low- and high-carbon steel recycled from steel scrap.

The site is located in a mixed residential, commercial, and industrial area, zoned for general use.

The facility is divided into six operable units, consisting of an abandoned steel manufacturing

facility (Main Plant), pickling liquor treatment lagoons (Lagoon Area), a former waste disposal

area (Markland Avenue Quarry), a former waste disposal and slag processing area (Slag

Processing Area), onsite creeks, and the groundwater under the site

The facility reprocessed scrap metal into nails, wire, and wire fencing using reheating, casting,

rolling, drawing, pickling, galvanizing, tinning, and tempering processes. Waste pickle liquor

resulting from these operations was collected in a 10-acre, 20-million-gallon surface

impoundment constructed in 1946. The contents were processed through a neutralization system

and discharged to Wildcat Creek.

Continental Steel filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the Federal bankruptcy code on

November 25, 1985, and ceased operations on February 21, 1986. The bankruptcy was converted

to Chapter 7 on February 25, 1986. The facility acquired Interim Status under Subtitle C of the

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) when the owner filed a Notification of

Hazardous Waste Activity and Part A of a permit application.

Description of Contamination: In 1984, 1985, and 1986, the Indiana Department of

Environmental Management identified chromium, cadmium, lead, and iron, constituents known

to be in the impoundment, in on-site ground water.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polynuclear aromatic

hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals associated with the recycling activity were found in the

groundwater, soil, sludges, and sediments around the site following the company’s bankruptcy.

The Lagoon Area was proposed for inclusion on the National Priorities List (NPL) in June 1988,

and formally placed on the NPL in March 1989. The Markland Avenue Quarry and the Main

Plant were proposed for aggregation to the site, and were added in May 1990.

In response to a State report of contaminated runoff being released from the drum storage area in

the Markland Quarry, USEPA initiated a removal action in February 1990. This action involved

construction of a trench, soil sampling, offsite disposal of 800 cubic yards of soil from the quarry
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

132

area and 220 drums. USEPA also removed drums and storage tanks from the quarry pond

between June 1991 and August 1991.

As a result of a site assessment of the Continental Steel facility itself, initiated in March 1990,

USEPA arranged for the disposal of about a thousand empty, crushed drums, about 200 drums of

product material, about 50 containers of lead cadmium batteries, and about 5,000 gallons of

base-neutral liquids. The entire site, including all six operable units, is now listed on the NPL.

Two Records of Decision (RODs) were signed in 1996 and 1998 respectively, outlining interim

and final decontamination plans for the entire site. However, a ROD Amendment, signed in

September 2003, incorporated new information gathered from predesign investigations

performed by USEPA in 2000-2001 and a five-year review performed by the state in 2002 which

estimate the cost of remedy at $61 million dollars. This figure may be revised downward if a

proposed redesign to the Lagoon Area remedy plan is approved by USEPA. For FY 2005,

USEPA provided $3 million to begin construction of sediment dewatering and drying beds at the

Lagoon Area and construction is expected to begin soon.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “ Continental Steel.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0501228

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Continental Steel Corp.” 16 August 1996. 16

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0596310.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Continental Steel Corp.” 30 September 1998. 16

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0598091.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Continental Steel Corp.” June 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/indiana/IND001213503.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Continental Steel Corp.” 24 June 1988. 16 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0501228.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Samuel Borries (OSC), (312) 353-8360

Ross Del Rosario (RPM), (312) 886-6195

David Ellison (OSC)

Mike Joyce (CIC), (312) 886-0269

Thomas Krueger, Region 5
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

133

Site Information

Site Name: Crawfordsville Scrap and Salvage

EPA ID No.: IND065548703

Address: 419 N. Green St., Crawfordsville, IN 47933

County: Montgomery

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0501483

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Crawsfordsville Scrap and Salvage is

now participating in Indiana Department of Environmental Management’s (IDEM’s) Voluntary

Remediation Program. CSX Transportation (the Responsible Party) has conducted a site

characterization and has submitted an ecological risk assessment to determine potential impacts

of site contaminants to Shelley Ditch.

Description of Contamination: The site is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

and lead found in the soil and surface water.

Sources of Information:

Indiana Department of Environmental Management. “Hazardous Waste Response Sites:

Crawfordsville Scrap and Salvage.” 30 May 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://www.in.gov/idem/programs/land/statecleanup/sitesummaries/crawfordsville.html

USEPA. “ Crawfordsville Scrap and Salvage.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0501483

USEPA. “Crawfordsville Scrap and Salvage.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009284522

Additional Contacts:

Richard Harris, (317) 233-8284
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

134

Site Information

Site Name: David John Property

EPA ID No.:

Address: South end Vandalia Street on commercial lot, Otterbein, IN

County: Benton

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The property owner, Mr. David John,

operated a drum recycling operation at the site for approximately 20 years. On December 1,

2000, while conducting a spill incident investigation, Indiana Department of Environmental

Management (IDEM) discovered between 30 to 40 empty drums and soils discolored by paint

sludge through out the property. During the incident investigation, Mr. John acknowledged that

the residual fluids contained in the drums were dumped onto the ground.

Description of Contamination: On December 5, 2000, a remedial investigation was conducted

and revealed elevated concentrations of volatile organic compounds in both the subsurface soils

and groundwater beneath the property.

Sources of Information:

Indiana Department of Environmental Management. “Hazardous Waste Response Sites:

David John Property.” October 2001. 16 January 2006.

http://www.in.gov/idem/programs/land/statecleanup/sitesummaries/davidjohn.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Aaron Green, (317) 234-0350
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

135

Site Information

Site Name: Hassan Barrel Company

EPA ID No.: INN000509942

Address: 1605 Summer Street, Ft. Wayne, IN 46803

County: Allen

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 509942

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: In1954, drum recycling operations on

the 7-acre site began in a primarily residential area. The final owner of the recycling facility, Mr.

Allen Hersch, totally abandoned the site in July, 2003.

Description of Contamination: On October 6, 2004, Northern Indiana Public Service Company

entered the site to inspect gas meters due to nonpayment and observed numerous drums stacked

throughout the property. Allen County officials were notified and the Indiana Department of

Environmental Management (IDEM) has worked with the USEPA to remove approximately

12,000 drums from the site.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Hassan Barrel Company.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.) 16 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/HassanBarrel

USEPA. “Hassan Barrel Site.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0509942

USEPA. “Hassan Barrel Site.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110003084162

Additional Contacts:

William Simes (OSC), simes.william@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

136

Site Information

Site Name: Hayes Lemmerz International Inc.

EPA ID No.: IND980904528

Address: 1870 Riverford Drive, Huntington, IN 46750

County: Huntington

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Recycling activities at this facility

involved reprocessing aluminum scraps and chips created when wheel castings are machined.

The scrap metals are dried before being sent to a furnace for re-melting, creating a fine

aluminum dust. This byproduct dust was conveyed into a dust collector just outside the building.

Description of Contamination: An explosion and fire at the Hayes Lemmerz International

facility occurred on Oct. 29, 2003, causing fatal burns to a mechanic working near an aluminum

melt furnace, injuring a second mechanic nearby, and causing lesser burns to a third worker.

Four other workers suffered minor injuries.

An October 5, 2005 report by the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board found the

fire was caused by a fine powdered aluminum dust that had accumulated in the dust collection

system from inadequate housekeeping in the foundry area and insufficient maintenance of chip

processing equipment. Dust collector filters were infrequently cleaned, some eroded ducts

leaked dust, maintenance workers were not wearing flame-retardant clothing, and the company

did not have formal written maintenance procedures or employee training in place for the dust

collector system. In addition, the company failed to address why the chip drying system was

releasing excess dust, and did not identify or address the dangers of aluminum dust ignition,

despite having a history of small dust fires inside the factory.

Sources of Information:

Indiana Department of Air Pollution Control – Permit Records. “Hayes-Lemmerz International.”

29 June 2005. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r5/in_permt.nsf/0/34d98faae9f10be68625702f00715f77?OpenDo

cument

US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Information Report. "Hayes Lemmerz Dust

Explosions and Fire." 29 October 2003. 25 January 2006.

http://www.csb.gov/index.cfm?folder=current_investigations&page=info&INV_ID=44

USEPA. “Hayes Lemmerz International Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January

2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001235752

Additional Contacts:

Janet Mobley, (317) 232-8369, jmobley@dem.state.in.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Indiana

137

Site Information

Site Name: Heritage Environmental Services

EPA ID No.: IND093219012

Address: 7901 W. Morris St., Indianapolis, IN 46231

County: Marion

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Heritage Environmental Services was

founded in 1970 as Industrial Liquid Waste Disposal in Columbus, Indiana. The first processing

facility was designed to reclaim waste oils to produce a fuel that could be burned in the

company's hot mix asphalt plants. In the early 1970s, the plant added additional capabilities and

facilities to meet the business’s demand. The expansion included treatment of hazardous and

non-hazardous wastes from several industrial, individual and government customers. Heritage

Environmental Services continues to recycle waste materials, which are then shipped for use as

fuel in the company’s cement kilns and other permitted facilities. Hazardous wastes that cannot

be fuel blended are collected and shipped to other facilities that can store or treat these wastes.

In 1989, Heritage reported that one of its leachate collection tanks had overflowed into

underlying and adjacent soils.

Heritage received a RCRA Part B permit in March 1993; however, the permit has since expired.

Description of Contamination: In October 2002, Heritage Environmental Services LLC entered

a consent decree agreeing to pay a penalty of $360,000 to the United States for violations of

Section 113(b) of the Clean Air Act and RCRA. A complaint was filed in connection with two

of Heritage's hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities located in Indianapolis,

Indiana and Lemont, Illinois.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 5. “Finding of Violation.” 18 June 1999. 16 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r5/ardcorre.nsf/0/c79dad6e32bdac1f8625679e006ced7e/$FILE/H

eritFOV.pdf

EPA Region 5. “Statement of Basis/Final Decision and Response to Comment Summary:

Heritage Environmental Services.” 23 January 1995. 25 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/sbs2/pdfs/in3890.pdf

USEPA. “Heritage Environmental.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 16 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000397393

USEPA. “ILWD.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0501553
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138

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Heritage Environmental Services.”

6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=IND093219012

USEPA. “Heritage Environmental Services.” RCRAInfo. 15 September 2005. 20 January 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Mike Karpinski, (Quality Manager, Heritage Environmental Services), (317) 486-2785
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Site Information:

Site Name: Moreco Energy, Inc.

EPA ID No.: IA0001993799

Address: 0.5 miles W of 350th Ave & 260th St, Dewitt, IA 52742

County: Clinton

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0703085

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Pierce Waste Oil facility began

operations in 1932 collecting, storing, and recycling used oil and petroleum refinery wastes.

MORECO Energy, Inc. purchased the facility in the 1980s and continued operations until the

Illinois EPA (IEPA) sealed the site on August 16, 1989, due to numerous RCRA and permit

violations. USEPA reports that the site was abandoned with the machinery still running. As a

result of enforcement action, a Consent Order between IEPA and MORECO was entered into in

April 1991 (No. 91-CH-265). After entering into the Order, MORECO declared bankruptcy, and

the Springfield facility and MORECO facilities in Oakwood and Rock Island were abandoned.

Description of Contamination: The site featured numerous above ground storage tanks, drums,

and exposed wastes at the Springfield site. Also, it was reported that the neighboring property,

approximately 100 feet away, observed oil seeping into an area that was being excavated for the

installation of footings for a new conveyor belt. Nearly 60 percent of this 5-acre site is covered

in oil. Subsurface contamination at the site continues to exist. Soon after the USEPA completed

testing of the aboveground hazards, 14 test pits were dug throughout the site. A number of the

test pits indicated free product (oil), some as much as 1-foot thick. Analytical results indicated

semi-volatiles and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the soils and groundwater collected from

the pits. USEPA suspects that as it neared its end, MORECO was accepting a wide variety of

wastes, including lab chemicals. Analytical results in 1999 indicated that volatile, semi-volatile ,

and metal contamination still remains in the groundwater. The IEPA continues to restrict access

to the site, but no further cleanup actions have been conducted since the USEPA removal in

1993. The current owner uses the site for truck storage.

Sources of Information:

DeYong, Maura E. “Public Health Assessment and Risk Assessment for MORECO, Inc. Site

Springfield Illinois.” University of Illinois at Springfield Thesis.

USEPA. “Moreco Energy Company.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0703085

USEPA. “Moreco Energy Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009278904

Additional Contacts:

Greg Dunn, (217) 785-2359
Appendix 2

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Site Information

Site Name: Delatte Metals

EPA ID No.: LAD052510344

Address: 1541 Weinberger Road, Ponchatoula, LA 70454

County: Tangipahoa Parish

NPL Site: Deleted: 8/8/2005

In CERCLIS Database: 0600428

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Delatte Metals superfund site

encompasses both the former Delatte Metals facility and the inactive Ponchatoula Battery

Company. The two facilities total 56.8 acres and are aggregated because they are adjacent,

performed identical lead salvage operations, and generated the same type of waste material. The

only difference in operational procedures was that Delatte Metals operated a lead smelter to

recover additional lead material. Delatte Metals operated from the early 1970s until the 1980s.

The operations performed at the facilities included recycling spent lead-acid batteries to remove

and smelt the associated lead plates to produce lead ingots. The typical process at the facility

involved sawing off the tops of the batteries and removing the lead plates in a battery saw

building. After opening the battery cases, the battery acid was drained into a sump. During the

1980s, acid was pumped from the sump to an unlined pond located on the north side of the site.

After the closure of the acid pond, the acid was pumped through an underground pipe to the acid

tank farm onsite. The spent acid was then shipped offsite for recycling.

The recovered lead from the acid was sold to lead recycling facilities located throughout the

southern United States and other countries. The facilities were issued several Notice of

Violations and Compliance Orders during their operational life, as state and USEPA inspections

showed discharges with a pH range from 0.55 to 2.

The Joyce Wildlife Management Area is located 1.4 miles downstream, and the Manchac

Wildlife Management Area is located 12.5 miles downstream. Wetlands were also identified in

the 15-mile downstream target distance limit.

Nine sources were evaluated at the Delatte Metals site during the HRS investigation: two battery

chip piles, two slag piles, a waste pile, a buried/backfilled surface impoundment, tote bags, a

contaminated soil area (former removal area), and the settling tank basin. Analytical samples

collected from on-site soils, piles, and the tote bags indicated the presence of heavy metals

including arsenic, lead, and cadmium. Analytical results obtained from ground water samples

collected from monitoring wells around the surface impoundment indicated the presence of

arsenic, cadmium, and lead at concentrations that met observed release criteria.

This facility did not hold a RCRA permit.
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Description of Contamination: Battery casings were discarded on site, and investigations

revealed two battery chip piles, two slag piles, a waste pile, a buried surface impoundment, and a

settling tank basin. Drainage from the facility went through a series of ditches to Selser’s Creek.

During the mid 1980s and 1990s, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ)

worked with the both facilities in attempts to correct site deficiencies in environmental practices,

though both companies have since gone bankrupt. In September 1997, Louisiana Governor

Mike Foster formally requested that the Delatte Metals site be addressed by USEPA and listed

on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL). In September 1998, EPA Region 6 began a

removal action at the Delatte Metals facility. The removal activities consisted of removing above

ground wastes at the Delatte Metals facility, which included piles of slag, dust, and battery chips.

Other identified source areas removed from the Delatte Metals facility included the acid tank

farm, furnace building, drums of metal-contaminated waste, and tote bags of baghouse dust.

The total volume of waste treated and disposed was 85,444 tons. This represents an increase of

32,794 tons over the estimated 52,650 tons presented in the September 26, 2000, Record of

Decision (ROD). The final remedial action cost of $13.1 million is an increase of $3.2 million

over the ROD estimate of $9.9 million.

Sources of Information:

Gibson, Kathy (214) 665-7196, Interview. 7 December 2005.

USEPA. “Delatte Industries, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000613738

USEPA. “Delatte Metals.” RCRAInfo. 2 September 2000. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Delatte Metals.” 26 September 2000. 17 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0600514.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 17 January

2006.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Delatte Metals.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006.

23 October 2006. http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0600428

Additional Contacts:

Kathy Gibson (RPM) (214) 665-7196

Katrina Higgins (RPM) (214) 665-8143

Jon Rinehart (RPM) (214) 665-8575

Rosemary Vazquez (CIC) (214) 665-8575
Appendix 2

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Site Information

Site Name: Marine Shale Processors

EPA ID No.: LAD981057706

Address: Route 5, Box 756, Amelia, LA 70340

County: St. Mary

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0604037

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Marine Shale Processors, Inc. (MSP),

located in Morgan City, was permitted by the state of Louisiana in 1985 to process nonhazardous oilfield wastes. The company then began to burn hundreds of different hazardous

wastes, and attempted to sell the metal-laden residue as fill material to the public for $1 per ton.

In 1990, the federal government and the state of Louisiana sued MSP over whether the company

could distribute its combustion residue as a recycled product. The federal and state governments

alleged that MSP’s recycling claim was a sham, and that the facility had no permit to treat

hazardous waste. They also alleged that Marine Shale violated federal clean air and clean water

laws, as well as hazardous waste regulations. After a string of rulings by the U.S. Fifth Circuit

Court of Appeals upholding the federal government's arguments, the USEPA shut down Marine

Shale's Morgan City incinerator.

MSP processes solid and hazardous wastes to produce aggregate for sale. The aggregate has been

used in construction as a road cover and as a fill material. On-site buildings onsite house

administrative, maintenance, laboratory, and process control functions. Other portions of the

facility are used for waste material handling, storage, and preparation for feeding to the process

kiln. Process aggregate is also stored on site. MSP has operated at its current location since 1985.

MSP burns solid and hazardous materials and pumpable high BTU (high heat value) liquids to

produce a residue. That residue can be sold as is if certain criteria are met, or it can be further

processed at high temperatures to produce a slagged (molten) aggregate. Solid and hazardous

materials fed to the process kiln are weighed and screened before being emptied and mixed in the

holding feed tanks. About 10 percent of incoming feed materials are sampled to verify their

shipping manifests. Incoming shipments are screened for gamma radiation. Shipping containers

are shredded and processed in the kiln. All process residue and slagged aggregate is chemically

analyzed by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) procedure before being

released for sale. If the residue or slagged aggregate exceeds 80 percent of the USEPA TCLP

standards, it is reprocessed in the slagging furnace. Fly ash, captured by the plant's air pollution

control devices, is also processed with aggregate in the slagging furnace.

The primary combustion chamber used in the process is a 275-foot-long rotary kiln furnace

operated at a minimum of 1,600o F. According to MSP, the flue gas remains in the chamber for 9

seconds. Combustion products from the rotary kiln are further reacted in two "oxidizer sections"

or afterburners. The slagging furnace is located between the oxidizers and is operated at 2300o F

to 2700o F. The flue gas residence time of the oxidizers is about 10 to 12 seconds. From the

oxidizers, the hot exhaust gasses pass through a wet quench system to cool them before gas

cleaning. After cooling, dry powdered hydrated lime is sprayed into the gas stream to neutralize
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143

acid gases produced during the combustion process. Finally, the exhaust gases are passed

through fabric filters (baghouses) before release to the environment. MSP reports the combustion

system has a number of safeguards intended to minimize the severity and duration of process

breakdown conditions. Those conditions could disturb the balance of combustion reactions and

ultimately lead to excessive air emissions from the process stack. Automatic waste feed shutoff

(AWFSO) devices are used in conjunction with the monitoring of critical operating temperatures,

pressures, and exhaust gas quality. If such operating conditions exceed or fall below acceptable

limits, waste feed to the kiln is automatically stopped by the AWFSO/feed interlock. A related

safeguard is the continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS). Monitored parameters

include hydrogen chloride (HCl), sulfur dioxide, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and argon. There are

also provisions for monitoring carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons.

A RCRA permit was issued to GTX in February 1999.

Description of Contamination: On September 12, 1997 MSP agreed to pay more than $10

million to settle federal and state allegations that it incinerated hazardous waste without a permit

and planned to sell the contaminated ash as fill material to the public. A second company, GTX

Inc., is spending $25 million to buy and upgrade the incinerator, and clean up the contaminated

ash that remains in Morgan City, near the central coast of Louisiana. As part of the agreement,

GTX Inc., will purchase MSP’s incinerator and clean up about 350,000 tons of contaminated ash

remaining in Morgan City, at an estimated cost of $15 million. GTX will be allowed to reopen

the facility as long as it obtains all of the environmental permits required to operate a hazardous

waste incinerator. GTX also will invest $10 million to upgrade the plant's pollution control

equipment, which will result in cleaner air and water in the area. Once GTX reopens the

incinerator, it will bring all of the combustion ash it produces to a new state-of-the-art disposal

facility. The settlement barred the former owners of MSP, who are part owners of GTX, from

controlling the new company or having any control over operation of the incinerator. MSP’s

former top managers also are prohibited from participating in any environmental compliance or

permitting matters.

Sources of Information:

US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. "Petitioned Public Health

Assessment, Marine Shale Processors, Inc. Amelia, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana." 17

October 1994. 20 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/marinesp/msp_toc.html

US Department of Justice. "US, Louisiana secure $35 million settlement with two companies to

clean up hazardous waste and reopen incinerator." 12 September 1997. 20 January 2006.

http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/1997/September97/379enr.html

USEPA. “GTX, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000700563

USEPA. “GTX Inc.” RCRA Info. 2 September 2000. 18 January 2006.
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USEPA. "Marine Shale Processors." CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 25 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0604037

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for GTX Inc.” 6 June 2006.

24 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=LAD981057706

Additional Contacts:

Philip Ofosu (SAM) (214) 665-3178

Jon Rinehart (SAM) (214) 665-6789

Susan Webster (OSC) (214) 665-6784
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Maryland

145

Site Information

Site Name: American Recovery Corp., Inc.

EPA ID No.: MDD074923392 (formally MDD980552301)

Address: 1901 Birch St., Baltimore, MD 21226-1410

County: Baltimore

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: From 1932 until 1970, industrial

chemical manufacturing operations operated on this property. From 1970 to 1984, American

Recovery Corp (ARC), who leased the property from its owner, operated a hazardous waste

recycling, treatment, and storage facility. During the operating period of this facility, ARC

performed several general cleanups and partial closure activities. In 1984, in response to repeated

violations, the State of Maryland revoked the facility’s permit and required the facility to cease

operations and submit closure plans. ARC conducted final closure activities during 1985 and

1986. In 1988, the State and ARC signed a Consent Order, which established guidelines for postclosure activities including corrective action. Post-closure monitoring and corrective action

investigations were conducted to confirm that closure removed the active sources of

contamination. After 1986, the site owner leased the property for several years for use as a junk

yard and for other industrial activities. As of 1999, the site was cleared of most of the junk yard

material and is now vacant. This site did not hold a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Groundwater sampling has detected several volatile organic

constituents above drinking water standards including: benzene, methylene chloride, chloroform,

trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, 1,1- dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethane, cis-1,2,-

dichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and vinyl chloride. Also detected were several inorganics

including: cadmium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, and vanadium. The plumes appear to

extend offsite. Groundwater in this area is not currently used as a drinking water supply.

In the fall of 2001, ARC began implementing a phased program to confirm the extent of

groundwater contamination and determine whether there are continuing sources of

contaminants. Two phases of field investigation resulted in the installation and sampling of

piezometers, a passive soil gas study, several soil samples, sediment samples, and surface

water sampling. This work identified two potential source areas for the groundwater

contamination identified at the site.

In May 2003, ARC’s parent company, Outsourcing Solutions, filed for bankruptcy. As a result,

Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) obtained access to financial assurance funds

that were established under a State RCRA Closure Order. MDE is using the funds to direct a

contractor to complete the investigation and USEPA is providing technical assistance in this

endeavor. In the summer of 2004, MDE installed eight shallow groundwater monitoring wells,

four deeper groundwater monitoring wells, and collected soil and groundwater samples from the

two suspected source areas. These field activities confirmed the general location of two source
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146

areas. In 2005, MDE performed additional characterization of these source areas to determine

appropriate remedy options.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3. “Region 3 GPRA Baseline RCRA Corrective Action Facility: American

Recovery Company, Inc.” 14 July 2005. 20 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/md/pdf/mdd074923392.pdf

USEPA. “American Recovery Company Incorporated.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006.

23 October 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0300280

USEPA. “American Recovery Company Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.) 20 February 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000913254

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for American Recovery Company

Incorporated.” RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=MDD074923392

Additional Contacts:

Deborah Goldblum (USEPA – Region 3) (215) 814-3432, goldblum.deborah@epa.gov

Art O’Connell (Maryland Department of the Environment) (410) 537-3400,

aoconnell@mde.state.md.us
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Site Information

Site Name: Boulden Incorporated

EPA ID No.: MDD980550198

Address: 895 Nottingham Road, Elkton, MD 21921

County: Cecil

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Boulden Incorporated operated a smallscale parts cleaning and solvent recovery business at the site. The site consisted of aboveground

and underground storage tanks, storage space, and a distillation building with solvent distillation

equipment. Contamination resulted from the storage of recycled solvents at the site prior to 1998.

The business shut down in the early 1990s. The facility had a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: In 1994, due to contamination of on-site soils, Boulden signed a

consent order with EPA Region 3 for RCRA Corrective Action and closure of the facility.

Cleanup actions performed at Boulden consisted of: removal of all above ground storage tanks,

distillation building, and associated equipment; excavation and closure of two underground

storage tanks; removal of all contaminated soil; and soil and groundwater sampling.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3 - RCRA Baseline Facilities. “Boulden Incorporated.” (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/md/pdf/mdd980550198.pdf

Martinez, Wanda (Project Manager) (215) 814-3434, Interview. 16 November 2005.

USEPA. “Boulden Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000907724

USEPA. “Boulden Incorporated.” RCRAInfo. 12 January 2005. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Boulden Inc.” 6 June 2006.

23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=MDD980550198

Additional Contacts:

Wanda Martinez, EPA Region 3 Project Manager, (215) 814-3434, martinez.wanda@epa.gov
Appendix 2

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Site Information:

Site Name: Safety Kleen Corporation 2 058 011

EPA ID No.: MDD000737395

Address: 12164 Tech Road, Silver Spring, MD 20904

County: Montgomery

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Safety Kleen Silver Spring

Maryland Service Center operated on the site from 1982 until August, 1996. The former service

center consisted of approximately 10,300 square feet that was used as an accumulation point for

spent solvents and other fluids generated by Safety Kleen customers. All wastes stored at the site

were ultimately shipped to an off-site Safety Kleen recycle center or a contract reclaimer. During

operations, two 12,000-gallon underground storage tanks were used at the site: one tank was

used to store spent parts washer solvents, and the other tank stored mineral spirits based solvent.

Two loading units were used to transfer waste parts washer solvent to the underground storage

tanks. There were also two areas designated for container storage. The site was a permitted

RCRA Part B facility. It received permits on the following dates: June 12, 1990 and July 22,

1994. Its permit expired in September of 1999.

Description of Contamination: In January, 1988, and April, 1989, spills were reported from

overfilling an underground storage tank. In October, 1989, an underground storage tank failed a

tank tightness inspection and leakage was discovered. In December, 1989, 45 gallons of solvents

spilled from a storage tank. In June, 1993, 13 gallons of used oil spilled during a truck transfer

operation.

In 1996, on-site sampling unearthed evidence of soil and groundwater contamination with

petroleum hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. Groundwater monitoring at this site

has been on-going since July 1989, and has shown consistent detections of TPH, benzene,

toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and some volatile organic compounds. Based on these findings,

the former tank pit area, the former return and fill station area, and the former piping trench

have been the focus of remedial efforts at the site.

The Maryland Department of the Environment issued a Post Closure Permit for the area, which

includes remediation goals and requirements for the cleanup of the groundwater and soil. RCRA

Corrective Actions have included a soil vapor extraction system, removal of the underground

storage tanks, and other post-closure corrective actions.

Sources of Information:

Hamerburg, Ed (410) 537-3345, Interview. 28 October 2005.

EPA Region 3 - RCRA Baseline Facilities. “Safety Kleen Corporation.” (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/md/pdf/mdd000737395.pdf
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USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Safety Kleen Corp 2-058-011.”

6 June 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=MDD000737395

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Corp.” RCRAInfo. 12 January 2005. 21 January 2006.

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Corp. Silver Spring.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0303873

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Corporation 2 058 011.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 October

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000614005

Additional Contacts:

Bob Greaves, Chief RCRA Operations Branch EPA Region 3 (215) 814-3423

Amin Yazdanian, Maryland Department of the Environment (410) 537-3345

Ed Hamerburg at (410) 537-3345

Bill Schmidt (410) 537-3345
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Site Information

Site Name: Spectron, Inc.

EPA ID No.: MDD000218008

Address: 111 Providence Rd., Elkton, MD 21921

County: Cecil

NPL Site: Final: 5/31/1994

In CERCLIS Database: 0300192

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Spectron, Inc., site is comprised of

approximately 8 acres located just outside of Elkton, Maryland, in a rural residential area. In

1961, Galaxy Chemicals, Inc., began a solvent recovery operation that treated wastes generated

by the electronics, pharmaceutical, paint, and chemical process industries. The site had

previously been a paper mill. Galaxy Chemicals went bankrupt in 1975, and the facility was reopened as Solvent Distillers, Inc., with primarily the same ownership. Solvent Distillers, which

later became Spectron, Inc., closed the facility in 1988 and declared bankruptcy. At the time the

facility closed, all of its RCRA Part A permits were expired.

Solvent recovery operations used several lagoons onsite to store wastes. Nearby residents

repeatedly complained about the odors emanating from the lagoons and a sludge pit. The site has

a history of improper management of recyclables and disposal of residuals. During a joint

USEPA and Maryland Water Resources Administration inspection at the site in 1979,

approximately 1,500 drums were found in the area of the former evaporation lagoon.

Approximately 500 of these drums were damaged, rusting, open, and leaking. Adjacent to this

lagoon was a sludge pit that received solid residues until it was filled in June, 1969. Also located

on the site were between 50 and 73 tanks holding 582,000 gallons of hazardous substances,

including chlorinated solvents, other organic compounds, and heavy metals.

Description of Contamination: When Spectron went bankrupt and ceased operations,

approximately 500,000 gallons of flammable liquids, 1,100 drums, and 67 large storage tanks

containing hazardous chemicals and waste were left at the site. USEPA disposed of these wastes

and negotiated an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with potentially responsible parties

(PRPs) to clean out flammable sludges from the tanks. Another AOC was signed in 1991,

requiring over 100 PRPs (the site has approximately 1,000 PRPs) to control seeps of

contaminated groundwater along the west bank of Little Elk Creek.

The soil and groundwater are heavily contaminated with predominately chlorinated organic

solvents. Little Elk Creek traverses the site and was contaminated, including pure product in the

sediments, by site activities.

In April 1998, USEPA and Maryland Department of the Environment decided that a ground

water containment, collection, and treatment system would be installed to catch and treat

contaminated seeps discharging from the site. Construction began in the fall of 1998 and was

completed in September, 2000.
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In March 2003, a Federal District Judge in the United States District Court for the District of

Maryland finalized a settlement that required de minimis parties to pay $5.3 million toward the

clean-up of the Spectron site. The de minimis settlement included approximately 500 parties who

sent relatively small amounts of hazardous material to the site while it was in operation.

According to the September 16, 2004 Record of Decision, the estimated present worth cost of the

remedy was $9,492,014.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3: Mid-Atlantic Superfund. “Current Site Information: Galaxy/Spectron Inc.” 28

October 2005. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/MDD000218008/index.htm

Maryland Department of the Environment. “Facts about: Galaxy/Spectron Site.” 8 December

2005. 17 January 2006.

http://www.mde.state.md.us/assets/document/brownfields/spectron.pdf

Sanchez, Robert (EPA RPM) (215) 814-3451. Interview. 15 November 2001.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Spectron, Inc Site.” 16 September 2004. 17

January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/MDD000218008/rod/2004-09-16/index.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Spectron Inc.” 31 May 1994. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0300192.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Spectron Inc.” 6 June 2006.

24 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=MDD000218008

USEPA. “Spectron, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001767268

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Spectron Inc.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006.

23 October 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0300192

Additional Contacts:

Robert Sanchez, EPA Region 3 (215) 814-3451, sanchez.robert@epa.gov

Carrie Deitzel, Community Involvement Coordinator (215) 814-5525

Rashmi Mathur, Remedial Project Manager (215) 814-5234, mathur.rashmi@epa.gov

Kim Lemaster, Maryland Department of the Environment/Federal Superfund Division

(410) 537-3440
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Site Information

Site Name: JG Grant & Sons Inc.

EPA ID No.: MAD071707301

Address: 60 Garden Park, Braintree, MA 02184

County: Norfolk

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0100567

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Prior to the early 1970s, this property

was an undeveloped wetland located within Cedar Swamp. In the early 1970s, Antonellis

Transportation company developed the property by filling in the northern portion with shredded

auto parts and sand.

In 1977, JG Grant & Sons, Inc. (Grant) began operating a scrap metal salvage yard on the

property. The on-site operations have involved receiving, sorting, cutting, and processing scrap

metal that is subsequently shipped to smelters for recycling. Scrap processed at the property

included iron, aluminum, brass, copper, steel, computer parts, junked automobiles, machinery

parts, tanks of many sizes, drums, and other miscellaneous items. Some of the scrap metal

processed at the facility may have contained hazardous coatings of paint, solvents, and/or fuel

oil. Between 1977 and 1986, Grant accepted approximately 20 to 30 truckloads of metal scraps

per day. The primary client at the time was General Dynamic Shipyard. For an unknown period

of time, Grant stored waste oil in a 500-gallon underground storage tank located on site.

In 1984, four fires occurred at the Grant property. While investigating the fires, the Braintree

Fire Department observed illegally stored marine paints on the property and notified the

Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and USEPA of possibly hazardous

conditions on the Grant property. A 1986 site inspection revealed ripped bags of asbestos, 20 full

drums with unknown contents, and an abandoned 600-gallon waste oil tank.

Current operations at the property are unknown. However, in 1995, Grant had continued

accepting approximately one truckload of scrap metal per day from General Electric, and

additional items from other clients on an intermittent basis.

Description of Contamination: Approximately 10.75 miles of wetland frontage, fisheries, and a

Clean Water Act (CWA)-protected water body occur along the 15-mile surface downstream

water pathway. Analytical results of surface water pathway samples collected from Cedar

Swamp and the Monatiquot River in 1986 and 1987 indicated the presence of 13 metals,

including barium, chromium, lead, and nickel; three volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

including benzene and toluene; fuel oil; 12 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs); three

pesticides; and four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Based on these results, a CWA-protected

water body, a fishery, and a wetland have been impacted.
Appendix 2

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153

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 1. “Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England: JG Grant & Sons Inc.” 15 July

2002. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r1/npl_pad.nsf/0/8dc91d312e0ff5a085256b4200604a77?OpenDo

cument

USEPA. “JG Grant and Sons, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009289787

USEPA. “JG Grant and Sons, Inc.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 24 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0100567

Additional Contacts:

Daniel Keefe (617) 292-5940 Daniel.Keefe@state.ma.us

Nancy Smith (Site Assessment Manager) (617) 918-1436
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Massachusetts

154

Site Information

Site Name: Lubrx Products, Inc

EPA ID No.: MAD985278654

Address: 342 East Washington Street, North Attleboro, MA 02761

County: Bristol

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0102150

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Between 1975 and 1994, Lubrx

Products Inc., owned the 0.72-acre site and manufactured and recycled lubricating oils. The

property is currently occupied by a canvas products manufacturing company, a brick recycling

business, and an automobile repair business. The site has been occupied by companies with a

history of blending and containerizing oil for distribution since 1914. A tank farm was once

located onsite, and a number of aboveground storage tanks with unknown contents are currently

at the location.

Description of Contamination: At the time of facility closure, known hazardous waste sources

included tanks and totes of varying volumes containing virgin and waste oil; an abandoned

gasoline underground storage tank; the former tank farm location, and a debris pile containing

used tires; automobile parts; wood debris; and empty plastic oil containers.

Analytical results of surface soil and waste oil samples collected from the property in October

1996 indicated the presence of three volatile organic compounds (VOCs), eight semivolatile

organic compounds (SVOCs), three pesticides, and eight metals, including elevated levels of

chromium and lead. Groundwater samples collected in 1989 also indicated the presence of

several chlorinated VOCs, including vinyl chloride. Based on the direction of groundwater flow

and the proximity of nearby groundwater drinking water supplies to the property, potential

impacts to groundwater drinking water sources are unknown.

Finally, sediment samples collected in October 1996 from along the Tenmile River indicated the

presence of 13 SVOCs, four pesticides, and 11 inorganic elements, including chromium, lead,

and mercury. Several of the substances detected in the sediment samples were also detected in

on-site surface soil and waste oil samples.

The Lubrx property is classified by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection

(MADEP) as a Tier 2 site and is currently in Phase II (Comprehensive Site Assessment) of the

five phase Massachusetts Contingency Plan. MADEP has recommended that this site be assigned

state lead status.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 1. “Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England: Lubrx Products, Inc.” (n.d.). 17

November 2005.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r1/npl_pad.nsf/0/a3a8d7c5e251dafd85256b4200604fd1?OpenDo

cument
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155

USEPA. “Lubrx Products Inc.,” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0102150

USEPA. “Sanborn Inc dba Lubrx,” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110003420940

Additional Contacts:

Nancy Smith (SAM) (617) 918-1436 smith.nancya@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Massachusetts

156

Site Information

Site Name: Zimble Drum

EPA ID No.: MAN000103183

Address: 61 Endicott Street, Norwood, MA 02062

County: Norfolk

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0103183

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Zimble Drum site is located on a

13-acre property and is a defunct scrap metal recycling facility. According to the fire department

and the town building inspector, the company has not been active at the site for approximately

ten years and unauthorized access has been a problem. The site includes four 1-story buildings.

Three of the buildings are brick/masonry construction and one is pre-finished metal. One of the

brick buildings has an unfinished basement, additional office space, and a loading dock. A

second building also has an unfinished basement where a number of containers were staged. The

Zimble Drum site is a "removal only" site, meaning the Site Assessment program has not had

any involvement at this location.

Description of Contamination: In May 2002, a number of containers, drums, and cylinders

were found left behind at the site. There were approximately 100 containers scattered

throughout the four buildings. These included seven cylinders, eight capacitors with “Pyranol”

labels, indicative of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) containing oil, a number of 55-gallon

drums, and various sized smaller containers. Some of the cylinders were unlabeled. Stained

floors indicated past leaks. Many of the 55-gallon drums were labeled as containing oil or oillike product, but they did not appear to be virgin drums. Other container labels indicated the

presence of sulfuric acid and mercury. Lead was found at elevated levels in the soil, and some

soil samples contained semi-volatile organic compounds and asbestos.

According to the November 30, 2005, Federal Register Notice, Gill Pond Realty Trust agreed to

pay $300,000 to the Hazardous Substance Superfund and to complete remediation of

contaminated surface soils on Site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 1. “Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England: Zimble Drum.” 9 October 2002.

17 November 2005.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R1/npl_pad.nsf/0/3bcec1dfa2d37d0785256c4d00498046?OpenD

ocument

Federal Register (Volume 70, Number 229) Page 71846-71847. “Proposed CERCLA

Administrative Cost Recovery Settlement; Gill Pond Realty Trust, Zimble Drum

Superfund Site, Norwood, MA.” 30 November 2005. 25 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/2005/November/Day-30/f6697.htm
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157

USEPA. “Zimble Drum.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0103183

USEPA. “Zimble Drum.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110013802288

USEPA. “Zimble Drum.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.) 24 October 2006.

http://www.epaosc.net/site_profile.asp?site_id=AP

Additional Contacts:

Gary Lipson (OSC) (617) 918-1274; lipson.gary@epa.gov

Nancy Smith (SAM) (617) 918-1436

Alex Sherrin (OSC) (617) 918-1252; sherrin.alex@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Michigan

158

Site Information

Site Name: Carter Industrials, Inc.

EPA ID No.: MID980274179

Address: 4690 Humboldt, Detroit, MI 48208

County: Wayne

NPL Site: Deleted: 3/25/1997

In CERCLIS Database: 0502729

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: From 1966 to 1986, the 3.6 acre site

was used to store and salvage scrap metal. The facility changed ownership several times during

this period. A portion of the scrap metal items accepted at the Carter Industrials site included

electrical capacitors and transformers. On-site facilities included a furnace for melting

aluminum, a furnace for melting copper, a brick warehouse, and an office building. Numerous

unsheltered piles of scrap metal and equipment were found throughout the yard.

On July 3, 1984, a fire ignited on the west side of the property in an area of wooden pallets and

scrap iron mounds. After noting several transformers in the area of the fire, the city asked the

Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and the fire marshall's office to investigate

potential exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the transformer oil. Oil was found

near the fire area and near the base of three large transformers. Other transformers on the west

side proved to be empty. Four soil samples were taken from various locations, including near

the office and 150 feet south of the end of Humboldt Road, to measure background levels.

PCBs ranged from 31 to 2,430 parts per million. Except for the areas noted, no conclusive

evidence of oil storage or dumping was discovered on the west side of the property. However,

other areas were not investigated.

Description of Contamination: In 1986, extensive soil contamination was identified at the site.

The primary contaminants of concern affecting soil and debris were organics, including PCBs,

and metals, including arsenic, cadmium, and lead. During salvage operations at the site,

dielectric fluids containing PCBs were spilled from electrical capacitors and transformers,

contaminating on site soil. Commercial, municipal, and residential properties adjacent to the

site were contaminated by direct runoff of spilled material; contaminated storm water runoff;

wind-blown dust; and tracking of spilled material and contaminated soils by vehicular traffic. In

May 1986, barrels of used PCB oil were found stored on-site in and around scrap metal piles.

Oil leaking from the barrels contained as much as 50 percent PCBs. Additional sampling in

June 1986 indicated that contamination had spread well beyond the Carter Industrials property,

including into backyards of nearby residences.

According to an estimate in a USEPA Record of Decision, costs for the remedial action

amounted to $19,508.00.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 5. “NPL Fact Sheets for Michigan: Carter Industrials, Inc.” June 2005. 19 February

2006. http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/michigan/MID980274179.htm
Appendix 2

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159

USEPA. “Carter Industrials Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d). 23 October

2003. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009292210

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Carter Industrials, Inc.” 18 September 1991. 19

February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0591169.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision Amendment: Carter Industrials, Inc.” 28

February 1995. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/a0595284.pdf

USEPA. “Federal Register Notice: Notice of Deletion of the Carter Industrials Site, Michigan

from the National Priorities List (NPL).” 25 March 1997. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/d970325.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Carter Industrials, Inc.” 31 March 1989. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0502729.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Carter Industrials, Inc.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 24 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0502729

Additional Contacts:

Linda Howard (RPM) (312) 886-0810

Jennifer Ostermeier (CIC) (312) 353-0618
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Michigan

160

Site Information

Site Name: Pellestar Limited

EPA ID No.: MIN000508651

Address: 1201 County Road 492, Negaunee Township, MI 49866

County: Marquette

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0508651

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Pellestar Limited property is an

abandoned industrial property located in an industrial area in Marquette County between

Negaunee and Marquette, Michigan. Previous owners had used the property for research and

development of pelletizing technologies and for metal recovery. Operations included the

recycling of arc furnace dust, arc furnace waste oxides, flue dust, caustic ash, mill scale, plating

sludge, medical sharps, automobile air bag inflators, and used oil filters. After Pellestar, Ltd.,

closed down metal recovery operations in 1997, Marquette County, Michigan took possession of

the property.

The property covers 18 acres and contains various buildings from previous industrial activities.

There are four wastewater treatment lagoons on the northern part of the property. Lagoons 1, 2,

and 3 were lined; however, lagoon 4 was unlined. There is an abandoned well on the property

located near the northwest corner of the main building.

Description of Contamination: 11,474 tons of soil contaminated with heavy metals were

disposed of at Marquette County landfill. Four aboveground storage tanks (ASTs), 209 drums,

48 pails, 28 mercury switches, 250 small containers, and 15 compressed cylinders were also

disposed.

A November 4, 2003, Federal Register Notice details a compromise for payment of past response

costs incurred in connection with the Pellestar site. Included in the agreement are the following

settling parties: Carpenter Technology Corporation; Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company; General

Motors Corporation; Howmet Corporation; Ispat Inland Inc.; Technology Development

Corporation and its subsidiaries, including Pellet Technology Corporation; and TRW Vehicle

Safety Systems, Inc. The settlement requires the settling parties to perform a removal action at

the site and reimburse USEPA for costs incurred after April 1, 2003. Past costs (USEPA costs

incurred prior to April 1, 2003) in the amount of $118,328 are being compromised in

consideration of the settling parties' commitment to perform the removal and pay all costs after

April 1, 2003.

Sources of Information:

Federal Register (Volume 68, Number 213). Page 62454. “Proposed CERCLA Administrative

Cost Recovery Settlement; Pellestar Site, Negaunee, MI.” 4 November 2003. 15 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/2003/November/Day-04/f27676.htm
Appendix 2

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161

Michigan Department of Community Health. “Health Consultation Report: Pellestar Limited.”

29 January 2002. 17 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/pellestar/pel_toc.html

USEPA. “Pellestar.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 24 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0508651

USEPA. “Pellestar.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002437809

USEPA. “Pellestar.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.) 17 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/pellestar

Additional Contacts:

Brian Kelly (OSC) kelly.brian@epa.gov (734) 692-7677
Appendix 2

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Site Information:

Site Name: Saran Protective Coatings

EPA ID No.: MIN000509094

Address: 17332 Shields Street, Detroit, MI 48212

County: Wayne

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0509094

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Saran Protective Coatings Co. (SPC)

was incorporated in 1950 and operated at this location from 1987 to 2002. Operations included

recycling lubricants and manufacturing protective coatings for metal products, specializing in

polyurethane coatings. Waste from another SPC facility on Oakman Boulevard in Detroit,

Michigan, was also transferred to this location until 1987. SPC ceased operations in August

2002. A main production building, three storage buildings, an office/laboratory building, and a

shed occupy the site.

Description of Contamination: In October 2003, approximately 400 abandoned drums were

observed by the USEPA on-site assessment, as well as numerous small containers and

laboratory-sized containers. Analytical results for samples collected from the drums and

containers indicated the presence of corrosive and ignitable materials, as well as solvent

materials. USEPA has initiated a fund-lead cleanup, as enforcement efforts were not effective

because the potentially responsible party (PRP) claiming the lack of funds needed to conduct the

cleanup.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 5. “Reports of Significant Developments and Activities ending on October 8,

2004.” 15 October 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/significant_actions/2004/041008.txt

USEPA. “Saran Protective Coatings.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0509094

USEPA. “Saran Protective Coatings.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110003634274

USEPA. “Saran Protective Coatings.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/SPC

Additional Contacts:

Jeffrey Kimble (OSC) (734) 692-7688 kimble.jeffrey@epa.gov
Appendix 2

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163

Site Information

Site Name: Thermo-Chem Inc.

EPA ID No.: MID044567162

Address: 4331 Evanston Ave, Muskegon, MI 49443

County: Muskegon

NPL Site: Final: 06/10/86

In CERCLIS Database: 0502486

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Thermo-Chem, Inc., a subsidiary of the

Thomas Solvent Co., owned and operated waste solvent reprocessing and storage facilities at this

site from 1961 to October 1986. It reclaimed solvents such as trichloroethylene and methylene

chloride, paint wastes, and antifreezes. Waste sludges and residues from the process were

incinerated onsite, and waste waters were discharged to a clay-lined lagoon and two seepage

lagoons. At one time, 3,500 drums of waste solvents and a 20,000-gallon tank of liquid waste

contaminated with C-66 (a pesticide residue) were present onsite. The company has since

removed them. These operations resulted in high concentrations of volatile organic compound,

semivolatile organic compound, and inorganic compound contamination of soils and

groundwater. The site is being addressed through federal, state, and potentially responsible

parties’ (PRPs) actions

The operation received Interim Status under Subtitle C of RCRA when the owner filed Part A of

a permit application for storage tanks.

Description of Contamination: Site operations resulted in high concentrations of volatile

organic compound, semivolatile organic compound, and inorganic compound contamination of

soils and groundwater.

PRPs have been conducting cleanup activities under a Unilateral Administrative Order, dated

May 6, 1992. To date, PRPs have completed Remedial Action (RA) for Operable Unit 1 (OU1)

Record of Decision (ROD): Phase IA, Debris Removal; Phase IB, Soil Excavation, Treatment

and Removal; Phase II, Groundwater Extraction and Treatment System; and Phase III, In-Situ

Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge System. For OU2, the Remedial Investigation is complete and

indicates that no further RA is necessary. An Explanation of Significant Difference (ESD) was

issued in September 2002 for OU1 ROD to explain and justify this course of action. Monitoring

at the site will continue at the site, based on the Operations & Maintenance Plan. The estimated

cost of cleanup was $24,000,000.

There was some concern that the extraction system was not intercepting and capturing the plume

and that contamination was being allowed into the wetlands. The ESD specified that the plume

be captured. A study was conducted by Subterranean Research for US EPA in the fall of 2003,

which indicated the plume was currently being captured, but that the plume capture was

integrally associated with the hydraulic gradient north of the extraction system. Changes will be

made to the O&M procedures to calculate the required pumping extraction rate as a function of

the hydraulic gradient to insure capture of the plume. Additional extraction wells may be
Appendix 2

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164

required if the groundwater levels at the site return to pre-remedy levels. In addition, changes

will be made to the groundwater monitoring program to insure that the groundwater in the flood

plain continues to improve. A new monitoring well will be installed at the western edge of the

plume to detect any potential migration of contamination to the west.

Sources of Information:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. “Public Health Assessment: Thermo

Chem Incorporated.” 20 February 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/thermochem/the_p1.html#_1_2

USEPA. “EPA Record of Decision: Thermo-Chem, Inc.” 30 September 1991.

20 February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0591174.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Thermo Chem, Inc.” 12 July 2005. 20 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/michigan/MID044567162.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Thermo-Chem, Inc.” 10 June 1986. 20 February 2006.]

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0502486.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Thermo Chem Inc.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0502486

USEPA. “Thermo Chem Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 20 February 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110003594021

Additional Contacts:

John Fagiolo (RPM) (312) 886-0800, fagiolo.john@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Minnesota

165

Site Information

Site Name: 2303 Kennedy Street Site

EPA ID No.: MND985743616

Address: 2303 Kennedy St., Minneapolis, MN

County: Hennepin

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Kennedy Building Site was the

location of a warehouse, manufacturing, and electrical apparatus repair shop operated by

Westinghouse Corporation from 1925 to 1980. It is believed that Westinghouse used a piping

system to distribute polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing fluids to various work areas

throughout the building. Further, at least two underground storage tanks were on the site at one

time. One tank, located in a vaunt inside the building, is currently used for fuel storage. A

second tank was located outside the building and was removed in 1987.

More recently, a known scam recycler was taking electronics waste from schools and nonprofits, saying that he would recycle it for free. Instead, components and parts were sold and

abandoned in the building onsite. Investigative work has been coordinated by the building

owner, and it focused on determining the extent of PCB contamination in soil and groundwater.

The landlord sought cleanup costs and lost rent from people who had recycled the equipment.

Description of Contamination: Damage at this site was caused by the sham electronics

recycler, not from Westinghouse Corporation, which was not involved in the recycling. Soil

samples from soil borings at the site contain elevated levels of PCBs, volatile organic

compounds (VOCs), and lead. PCBs were also detected in wipe samples taken from interior

surfaces of the building. Ground water samples at the site have high levels of chlorobenzenes and

PCBs. Chlorobenzenes were typically used as carriers or solvents for PCBs. Off-site migration of

the contaminants is suspected and two commercial wells are located within one-tenth mile

downgradient of the site. Even though PCBs were detected in the upper two feet of soil at the

site, the soil pathway cannot be scored under USEPA’s Hazard Ranking System because the soil

is covered by asphalt.

PCB-laden oils were widely used as coolants and lubricants in electrical transformers and

capacitors until their manufacture was banned in the United States in 1997 because they are

persistent, accumulate in the environment, and are toxic to exposed humans and other animals.

The former on-site manufacturing and maintenance of electrical equipment by the Westinghouse

Corporation is thought to be the source of the contamination.

Sources of Information:

Minnesota Department of Health Consultation Report. September 2001. 25 January 2006.

http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/hazardous/sites/hennepin/kndyst0900.pdf
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166

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. "2001 Superfund List: Permanent List of Priorities." June

2001. 17 January 2006. http://www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/pubs/plp-2001.pdf

USEPA. “Steven Cabinets Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 24 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009407392

Additional Contacts:

Mike Risse (612) 348-5790
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Mississippi

167

Site Information

Site Name: Hydromex

EPA ID No.:

Address: Mississippi

County:

NPL Site:

In CERCLIS Database:

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Hydromex is a plastic blast media

(PMB) recycler. This facility is still in operation, but the Mississippi Department of

Environmental Quality (MDEQ) issued it a 7003 equivalent around 2004. CID also has a case

open. Hydromex was supposedly converting the PMBs into cinder blocks or slabs (via mixing

with at concrete mixture). The bricks crumbled on contact, and therefore could not be used in

construction. The slabs were soft, and would not support the weight of a person. The PMBs

came mostly from military installation.

Description of Contamination: Unknown

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

31 October 2005.

Additional Contacts:

Jeffrey T. Pallas (Chief, South Enforcement and Compliance Section, RCRA

Enforcement and Compliance Branch) (404) 562-8616
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168

Site Information

Site Name: Industrial Pollution Control

EPA ID No.: MSD985972983

Address: 810 Poindexter, Jackson, MS 39207

County: Hinds

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406903

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Industrial Pollution Control (IPC)

site is a former used oil recycling facility that began operations September 1, 1991 and operated

until filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1997. The facility appears to have been used to recycle

oil under previous ownership predating September of 1991. Under IPC ownership, the facility

received, stored, treated, and processed various petroleum waste products, wastewater, and waste

oils. Oil and water were separated in a treatment process onsite and then reconditioned for future

sale and re-use. The water continued to undergo treatment until it met the criteria for discharge,

as specified in the facility’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.

IPC’s list of acceptable waste waters included petroleum-based oils, coolants, groundwater (from

underground storage tank remediation activities), bilge water, spent mineral oil, fuel oils,

unrefined crude, salt water, and process water containing polymers. The facility also operated a

parts washing service. The spend solvents were included in the acceptable wastewaters.

The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) contacted the USEPA in

November 1998 to evaluate the site for a possible removal action. The site is abandoned and

contains evidence of trespasser entry. On December 11, 1998, USEPA On-Scene Coordinator

(OSC) John McKeown met with Ken Whitten and Eric Dear of MDEQ to conduct an initial

assessment of the facility. During the assessment, it was noted that numerous drums (some

empty and some with contents) were stockpiled onsite in a storage shed. Some of the drums

were in very poor condition and obviously contained corrosive materials. The storage tanks

containing the waste oil were in poor condition, and the secondary containment was not

sufficiently impervious should a rupture of the tanks occur. Wastewater with a thick oily sheen

was found in all secondary containment and was overflowing at some locations onsite. The

slope of the facility was toward the northeast in the direction of a small stream located across

Terry Road approximately 70 meters away. The asphalt/concrete/soil ground surface was

stained in many locations and an obvious black stain led from the tank storage area toward the

northeast corner of the site.

Description of Contamination: In 1999, removal plans were announced. During the week of

January 25, 1999, USEPA and Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team (START)

conducted a Removal Assessment at the IPC Site, which included collecting soil, tank and drum

samples; conducting an inventory of tank and drum contents; performing limited hazardous

categorization of specific drums based on appearance and Photo-Ionization Detector readings;

and interviewing previous employees and potential vendors for future disposal of the on-site

waste oil. The most likely contaminated soils could not be assessed due to the volume of

wastewater contained within the secondary containment. Some of the hazardous substances
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detected in surface soil sampling include pyrene, fluorene, anthracene, benzene, xylene, and

ethylbenzene. Additional contaminants include ethylbenzene, phenanthrene, toluene, 4-methyl2- pentanone, and waste oil that is classified as ignitable under RCRA. The hazardous substances

found in soils are believed to have been released from the contents of the tank farm and from

loading and unloading of trucks in the area. It was also noted that the sides of the tanks and the

inside of secondary containment walls were stained where the oil may have reached during

previous spills or while being utilized for additional storage space.

The removal plans included inventory, analysis, and preparation of the contents of drums and

containers; transportation and disposal of waste oils/water and disassembly of tanks; and

excavation and disposal of contaminated soils. According to a March 30, 1999 estimate, the

removal was expected to be completed at an estimated cost of $1,821,000.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. “Administrative Record Index for the Industrial Pollution Control Site.” 23

March 2000. 17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/Region4/waste/errb/ipcar.pdf

EPA Region 4- Environmental News. “EPA Superfund Removal to Begin at Industrial Pollution

Control Site, Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi.” 4 April 1999. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region4/oeapages/99press/040299.htm

USEPA. “Industrial Pollution Control.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406903

USEPA. “Industrial Pollution Control.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001472273

Additional Contacts:

Steve Spurlin (OSC) 404-562-8723

Sherryl A. Carbonaro (Community Relations Coordinator) 404-562-8742
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170

Site Information

Site Name: Echo Valley Recycling Enterprises

EPA ID No.:

Address: Rolla, MO

County: Phelps

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: A cathode ray tube dump was found in

Missouri. An electronics reclaimer left a pile of at least 15,000 computer monitors on land

outside Rolla, Missouri. Missouri Environmental officials say a reclaimer leased a nearby

building in which to undertake electronics demanufacturing. The reclaimer collected computer

monitors from businesses, schools, organizations and individuals in several states in order to

reclaim the components of the monitors that might have some value; however, the recycling

operation was not successful. In addition to the dumping, there is also evidence that the monitors

were recently burned at the site. A lawsuit was brought against the defendants in June 2006.

The lawsuit asks the defendants to pay appropriate penalties and costs to the state.

Description of Contamination: The computer monitors pose a potential environmental and

safety threat because of the toxic materials they contain, such as mercury and lead.

Sources of Information:

Attorney General Office. “Nixon sues to force cleanups of Phelps County dump containing

thousands of used computer monitors.” 29 June 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://www.ago.mo.gov/newsreleases/2006/062906.htm

Resource Recycling, May 2003
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Site Information

Site Name: Missouri Electric Works

EPA ID No.: MOD980965982

Address: S Highway 61 2 Mile S Highway K, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701

County: Cape Girardeau

NPL Site: Final: 2/21/1990

In CERCLIS Database: 0701474

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Missouri Electric Works (MEW)

operated on this 6.5-acre site from 1954 until 1992. Missouri Electric Works sold, serviced, and

reconditioned electric motors, transformers, and transformer controls. In addition, it recycled

transformer oil and copper wire. More than 16,000 transformers were repaired or scrapped at the

site during its time of operation.

The transformer oil was filtered and reused, with about 90 percent of the total salvaged. Facility

business records indicate that 28,000 gallons of transformer oil was not recycled. The remaining

waste oil was sold to local residents for dust control purposes, disposed of by a contractor, or

disposed of onsite. Industrial solvents were used to clean the electrical equipment being repaired

or serviced. Solvents were reused until they were no longer effective. Spills and disposal of spent

solvents on the MEW property were described by past employees during USEPA-conducted

interviews.

The facility was issued an order in 1988, that prohibited further incoming shipments of electrical

equipment containing oil with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels in excess of 1 part per

million (ppm).

Description of Contamination: The USEPA found PCBs from site operations in on- and offsite air sampling during 1987. The soils in the area are somewhat permeable, and the bedrock is

highly fractured. These conditions have made it easier for PCBs and volatile organic compounds

(VOCs) such as trichloroethene (TCE) to migrate into the groundwater. VOCs, chlorinated

hydrocarbons, and PCBs have been found in the groundwater below the site. Sediments in

channels draining the site and areas off site contain PCBs. PCB contamination of the soil is

widespread and occurs to a depth of at least 5 feet.

The estimated present worth cost for the selected remedial action included in the September 28,

1990, Record of Decision is $9,130,000. This estimate includes an estimated annual O&M cost

of $64,010 for 15 years.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 7. “First Five Year Review Report for Missouri Electric Works.” September 2004.

17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f04-07010.pdf

EPA Region 7. “Missouri Electric Works Site Profile.” 22 November 2005. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region7/cleanup/npl_files/mod980965982.pdf
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172

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Missouri Electric Works.” 28 September 1990.

17 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/superrods/rodinfo.cfm?mRod=07014741990ROD038

USEPA. “Missouri Electric Works.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 24 October

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110017998666

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Missouri Electric Works.” CERCLIS.

11 September 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0701474

Additional Contacts:

Pauletta France (Remedial Project Manager) (913) 551-7701

Debbie Whitaker (Community Involvement Coordinator) (913) 551-7598
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Site Information

Site Name: Rogene French Alcohol Plant

EPA ID No.: MOD981722481

Address: Rt. 2 Box 214 Osceola, MO 64776

County: St. Clair

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0702064

Recycling Operation: This site is an abandoned alcohol and solvent recovery distillation

facility. It operated from the early 1980’s to the late 1980’s under a DNR permit for resource

recovery. The facility reclaimed spent solvents from industrial uses and then shipped these

reclaimed materials back to the originator.

Description of Contamination: When the site was abandoned, approximately 400 55-gallon

drums were left in two storage buildings onsite. Eleven above-ground storage tanks were also

abandoned. The drums and tanks contain ignitable hazardous waste.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Rogene French Alcohol Plant.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 25 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0702064

USEPA. “Rogene French Alcohol Plant.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110015651463

USEPA. “Rogene French Alcohol Plant.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

www.Epaosc.net/RogeneFrenchAlcoholPlant

Additional Contacts

Don Lininger Lininger.don@epa.gov (913) 551-7724
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174

Site Information:

Site Name: Tetra Micronutrients (formerly American Microtrace)

EPA ID No.: NED000610550

Address: 71025 569th Avenue, Fairbury, NE 68352-5519

County: Jefferson

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Tetra Micronutrients is a zinc

micronutrient fertilizer producer that sells half of its product to animal feed suppliers. Tetra

Micronutrients produces the zinc micro fertilizer from non-hazardous galvanized zinc fines and

hazardous brass fume dust from foundries. The facility was built in 1979 and was operated by

Eagle Picher Industries. In August 1988, American Microtrace, Inc. began operations sold to

Tetra Technologies, Inc. in 1995. The site owners obtained multiple Part A RCRA permits, but

never a Part B permit due to confusion between USEPA and Nebraska Department of

Environmental Control. The federal ruling on the issue was that zinc fume dust was a solid

waste in this case, even though it was being recycled into a product that was to be applied to the

ground (fertilizer). This facility received an administrative order of conduct in September 1998.

Description of Contamination: Potential sources of contamination at the facility include:

permitted air emissions; precipitation runoff from the roofs; releases from previous raw material

and waste material handling practices; runoff from residual contamination in soil; releases from

the sulfuric acid tanks; and releases from the former soil pile. The primary contaminants of

concern at the facility are metals, including lead, cadmium, and zinc.

The site was cited with six counts of failure to maintain facility to minimize release, three counts

of storage, maintaining an illegal hazardous waste pile, and failure to maintain facility operating

records. Employees were walking around knee deep in zinc dusts, which resulted in extremely

elevated blood lead levels in several instances. The dust was stored on the ground in open piles

and in large bins and was transported by rail cars in super sacks. The recycling processes also

generated lead sulfate and cadmium sulfate wastes that were stored onsite. There was

contamination to a nearby wetland.

Sources of Information:

Davis, Mike (EPA Official) (913) 551-7328, Interview. 20 December 2005.

EPA Region 7. “Environmental Indicators at Tetra Micronutrients.” 12 August 2002. 17 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/Region7/waste/pdf/tetramicronutrientsCA725.pdf

USEPA. “Economic Analysis for Regulatory Modifications to the Definition of Solid Waste for

Zinc-Containing Hazardous Waste-Derived Fertilizers.” November 2000. 17 January

2006. F:\User\KBRUNESK\mystuff\METADATA\rzfp\Fertilizer_EA.PDF
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175

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for International Mineral Technologies

LLC.” 6 June 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=NED000610550

USEPA. “Tetra Micronutrients.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000447767

USEPA. “Tetra Micronutrients.” RCRAInfo. 5 May 2005. 20 January 2006.

Contacts:

Belinda Holmes, Associate Regional Counsel, Region VII, (913) 551 7714

Jody Hudson, EPA, RCRA Corrective Action and Permits (913) 551-7179

Pat Murrow, EPA, RCRA Corrective Action and Permits (913) 551-7627

Don Toensing, EPA, RCRA Enforcement (913) 551-7446

Mike Davis, EPA, 913-551-7328
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176

Site Information

Site Name: Beede Waste Oil

EPA ID No.: NHD018958140

Address: 7 Kelly Road, Plaistow, NH 03865

County: Rockingham

NPL Site: Final: 12/23/1996

In CERCLIS Database: 0102723

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Beede Waste Oil, an inactive waste oil

recycling and virgin fuel oil storage and distribution facility, includes two adjacent parcels

totaling 39 acres. The site was the location of several oil-related operations, including waste oil

processing and re-sale, fuel oil sale, contaminated soil processing into cold-mix asphalt, antifreeze recycling, and other related industries. These activities were reportedly conducted from

the 1920's until operations ceased in August 1994.

The first parcel has been occupied by oil-related businesses since 1926, when Robert Beede

operated a waste oil recycling facility on site, receiving waste oils, collecting and storing the oils

on site in containers, and then reselling usable oils to asphalt manufacturing facilities and towns

for dust suppression. Between 1964 and 1979, Cash Oil operated on site, and in 1979, Cash

Energy, Inc. purchased the property. The last oil-related business, Tri-State Resources, left the

property in August 1994.

Waste oil was deposited in a surface impoundment for an unknown duration between 1960 and

1975 and in an underground storage vault from an unspecified date until its removal in 1991. The

oils were periodically pumped into a series of aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). By 1978, 86

ASTs with a total capacity of 1.3 million gallons were in use. Thirty-eight of these tanks have

been documented to contain waste oil, sludge, and/or water contaminated with polychlorinated

biphenyls (PCBs) and/or metals. Several tanks are known to have leaked, including one used to

store PCB-contaminated waste oil.

This site did not hold a RCRA Part B permit.

Description of Contamination: The primary contaminants that have been found in the soil,

sediment, surface water, and groundwater include PCBs, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),

polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and lead. VOCs in the

groundwater continue to migrate offsite, and have impacted 14 adjacent residential wells. Three

underground storage tanks used to store waste oils were removed sometime after 1979. More

than 200 drums of oil, sludge, and contaminated soil are stockpiled on site.

The following materials were abandoned when operations ceased in 1994: approximately 100

large above-ground storage tanks containing hazardous and non-hazardous oil product; several

large piles of soil containing varying levels of contamination; and about 800 drums of oil

product, some containing hazardous materials, which were stored in an open, roofed area. The

levels of VOCs exceeded the allowable levels in drinking water in the on-site monitoring wells

and in two residential off-site wells. Floating oil was found on the groundwater at the site. The

oil has periodically seeped into the Kelley Brook that flows adjacent to the site. In the fall of
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177

1983, chemical contamination was discovered in a residential well near the site. By 2004, 80,000

gallons have oil were removed from the site.

In January 2004, USEPA announced a $48 million cleanup plan for restoration of Beede Waste

Oil Superfund site in Plaistow, New Hampshire. As of January 2004, USEPA and New

Hampshire Department of Environmental Services have invested about $19 million for

investigation and cleanup work at the site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 1. “Waste Site Cleanup and Reuse: Beede Waste Oil Site.” 3 October 2005. 17

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region01/superfund/sites/beede/

USEPA. “Beede Waste Oil.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110004088978

USEPA. “Beede Waste Oil.” RCRAInfo. 1 September 2000. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “EPA Announces $48 Million Cleanup Decision for the Beede Waste Oil Superfund

Site in Plaistow N.H.” 13 January 2004. 6 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region1/pr/2004/jan/040104.html

USEPA. “EPA Announces Plan for Funding Cleanup of Beede Superfund Site in N.H.” 8 June

2001. 6 February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region1/pr/2001/jun/010609.html

USEPA. “EPA Takes Major Step to Fund Cleanup of Beede Superfund Site in N.H.” 3 June

2002. 6 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region1/pr/2002/jun/020603.html

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 17 January

2006.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Beede Waste Oil.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006.

23 October 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0102723

Additional Contacts:

Angela Bonarrigo (CIC) (617) 918-1034

Tom Condon (OSC) (617) 918-1206

James Chow (RPM) (617) 918-1394

Dorothy Girten-Parr (OSC) (617) 918-1265

Nancy Smith (SAM) (617) 918-1436
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Site Information

Site Name: Consolidated Recycling, Inc.

EPA ID No.: NHD500014436

Address: 164 Mile Slip Rd. Milford, NH 03055

County: Hillsborough

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Consolidated Recycling (CRI) accepted

light bulb and light ballast wastes that included mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

from school districts and government agencies in Colorado, New York, North Carolina, Ohio

and elsewhere. The owners falsely claimed that CRI had the equipment to recycle the wastes;

however, the company never purchased any recycling equipment. The hazardous wastes were

collected, stored, and abandoned at locations in Hollis and Merrimack, N.H., and in Fitchburg,

Methuen, and Tyngsboro, Mass.

The operator of CRI, Franklin D. Sales, was sentenced in May of 2002, to 18 months in prison

for misrepresenting the capability of his recycling and disposal operation. Sales pleaded guilty

in January to wire fraud, mail fraud, and making false statements. Sales accepted large quantities

of fluorescent bulbs containing mercury powder and lighting ballasts contaminated with PCBs

that were shipped from out of state to his disposal facilities in New Hampshire and

Massachusetts.

He deceived customers by claiming that CRI had the equipment and procedures needed to

conduct recycling and disposal processes in compliance with federal and state regulations.

According to the government, Sales never obtained the necessary equipment or the required

permits. Wastes were stockpiled and then abandoned at warehouses in New Hampshire and

Massachusetts. As part of the scheme, Sales issued fraudulent "certificates of recycling" to CRI

customers, according to prosecutors. One of the customers Sales’ was the U.S. Department of

the Army, which shipped bulbs from its base at Fort Drum, N.Y., and received false certificates

of recycling from the company.

The case arose out of violations of environmental statutes, such as RCRA, and was investigated

by the USEPA, the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, and the

Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. All of the charges, however, involved

criminal fraud. In addition to receiving the 18-month prison term, Sales was ordered to pay

restitution totaling more than $280,000 to victims of the scheme.

Description of Contamination: Unknown

Sources of Information:

Daily Environment Report No, 91. “Recycler Sentenced to 18 Months in Prison For Making

False Claims about Capabilities.” BNA, Inc. 10 May 2002. 20 January 2006.

http://pubs.bna.com/NWSSTND/IP/BNA/den.nsf/SearchAllView/02A1169BADB7BF1F

85256BB5000679F4?Open&highlight=RECYCLER
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179

New Hampshire Supreme Court. “Transcript of the State v. Consolidated Recycling Inc.” 16

December 1999. 17 January 2006.

http://www.courts.state.nh.us/supreme/opinions/1999/consolid.htm

USEPA. “Consolidated Recycling Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110007685861

USEPA News Release. “New Hampshire Man Pleads Guilty in Recycling Fraud.” 1 February

2002. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/6fbf350992c6935c85256b530063747e?Open

Document

Additional Contacts:

Luke C. Hester 202-564-7818, hester.luke@epa.gov
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Site Information

Site Name: Harding Metals Inc.

EPA ID No.: NHD018955641

Address: Rte. 4, Northwood, NH 03261

County: Rockingham

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0101098

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Though the privately owned property

is 100 acres, only 4 acres were used for day-to-day operations. Harding Metals Inc. includes an

office building, warehouse, precious metals reclamation building, incinerator building, sawdust

disposal area, scrap metal area, discarded mixing tanks, landfill area, and a transformer oil

disposal area. The remainder of the property consists of undeveloped woodlands, a hayfield, and

a wooded wetland.

Since 1963, Harding Inc. has operated as a metals reclamation facility, processing and disposing

of industrial wastes. Numerous areas of environmental concern have been noted throughout the

property, including approximately 3,200 cubic yards of contaminated sawdust, which have been

dumped into a landfill and a large pile; 2 areas where polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing

transformer oils were allegedly dumped; 20 containers (volumes unknown) of metal reclamation

wastes containing cyanide and acid solutions stored throughout the property; a drainage ditch

that carried copper washing away from the incinerator building; air releases of cadmium oxide

and possibly PCBs from the incinerator; 6 old 5,000-gallon mixing tanks with a layer of

polyester resin; numerous 55-gallon drums of unknown contents; and an unknown quantity of

solder dross and solder pot dump.

Description of Contamination: USEPA investigations conducted at the site include a

Preliminary Assessment in 1980, a Screening Site Inspection in May 1990, and a Site Inspection

Prioritization in December 1996. Though the site was discovered in 1987, exactly when the

contamination occurred is unknown.

Analytical results of surface soil samples collected from the property in 1996 indicated the

presence of PCBs, pesticides, 13 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), volatile organic

compounds (VOCs), and metals at levels above background concentrations. Groundwater

samples collected in 1990 from 4 on-site monitoring wells indicated the presence of 12 VOCs.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 1. “Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse: Harding Metals Inc.” 15 July 2002. 17 January

2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r1/npl_pad.nsf/0/6ffe37bffbfcd13785256b420060670c?OpenDoc

ument

McLuskey, Mike (EPA Official) (603) 271-2183, Interview. 8 December 2005
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181

USEPA. “Harding Metals, Inc.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 24 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101098

USEPA. “Harding Metals, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110007132290

Additional Contacts:

Don Smith, Site Assessment Manager, (617) 918-1433, smith.donald@epa.gov

Nancy Smith, SAM, (617) 918-1436
Appendix 2

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182

Site Information

Site Name: Atlantic Resources Corporation

EPA ID No.: NJD981558430

Address: 1 Horseshoe Rd., Sayreville, NJ 08872

County: Middlesex

NPL Site: Final: 9/5/2002

In CERCLIS Database: 0201116

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Operations at this site began in the late

1930s. International Recycling operated on this site from 1968 through 1972. From 1972 until

1985, Atlantic Resources operated on the site. Both companies recovered gold and silver by

incineration, reverse plating, smelting, and acid etching from fly ash, film (including x-rays),

circuit boards, building material, silverware, and other waste material containing silver and gold.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were used as fuel in the incinerators. Atlantic Resources

filed for bankruptcy in 1985 after investigation for dioxins on the site revealed a substantial

amount of contamination.

In 2000, USEPA selected a cleanup plan to demolish chemically-contaminated debris structures

located above ground at the 17-acre Horseshoe Road Complex, a federal Superfund site adjacent

to Atlantic Resources Corporation facility. As a result, Atlantic Resources joined the Horseshoe

Road Complex as a Superfund site in 2002.

The USEPA remediation plan calls for the demolition of buildings and structures; the removal of

surface debris, recycling of metal, concrete and brick; and the off-site disposal of the demolition

debris. Total costs are expected to be about $1.4 million ($864,000 for the Atlantic Resources

area and $522,000 for the Atlantic Development area). The cleanup will take approximately 13

months to complete. USEPA plans to address soils, groundwater and sediments in the marsh and

river in future cleanup actions at the Horseshoe Road Complex federal Superfund site. The

agency is currently investigating the Raritan River and nearby wetlands to pinpoint the extent

and nature of any site-related contamination.

Past cleanup work has been conducted at the site using federal and state funds. In a series of

cleanups since 1985, USEPA and the state have removed more than 3,000 drums (found buried

and on the surface) and cleaned up dioxin and mercury spills. Materials found in numerous tanks

and vats, as well as excavated contaminated soils and debris were also removed from the site. A

settlement to reimburse USEPA for a portion of the cleanup costs was reached with some of the

parties responsible for the contamination. However, the responsible parties have yet to perform

any of the work.

Description of Contamination: Materials were not managed to minimize loss, and a brushfire

in 1981 revealed 70 partially filled drums containing acetonitrile, silver cyanide, and ethyl

acetate. Contamination on site includes volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-VOC’s, baseneutral compounds, heavy metals, pesticides, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

During cleanup, USEPA removed acids from leaking vats, and cleaned up mercury spills and
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183

other hazardous substances found on site. USEPA also disposed of many materials off site,

including 152 drums, 5550 gallons of combustible liquid, 70 pounds of mercury, 520 cubic yards

of contaminated debris, and 15 gas cylinders. Incineration of film had led to dioxin

contamination, and waste solvents leaked out of storage containers. Impact to surface soils was

largely contamination from metals, such as mercury and cadmium; impact to groundwater was

largely from solvents.

Atlantic Resources also was noted to have discharged wastes directly into the Raritan River and

the marsh by New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Investigations have shown

that these releases are contaminating the Raritan River, which is a fishery, and surrounding

marshes. The site was highly contaminated, due to sloppy operation and illegal practices, such as

the use of nitric acid for etching and direct dumping of wastes into a nearby run-off stream.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2- Newsroom. “EPA Places Three Sites on the Final Superfund National

Priorities List in New Jersey.” 4 September 2002. 17 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/748a5f3669ca0b6c852570180055c8cb/2373b0

695d1dabad85257164006aa7a4!OpenDocument

EPA Region 2- Newsroom. “EPA Selects Cleanup Plan for Above-Ground Structures at

Superfund Site on Horseshoe Road in Sayreville, New Jersey.” 3 October 2000. 17

January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/7144dd430c47561885257018004c77a3/0014d

1f1080520348525716a006975b7!OpenDocument

USEPA. “Atlantic Resources.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110001534475

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Atlantic Resources Corporation.” 2 September 2002. 17

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0201116.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Atlantic Resources.” 12 October 2006.

23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0201116

Additional Contacts:

John Osolin (RPM) (212) 637-4412, Interview 6/30/05
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184

Site Information

Site Name: Boro Auto Wreckers, Inc.

EPA ID No.: NJD091397299 / NJR000013623

Address: 2271 Hamilton Blvd., South Plainfield, NJ 07080

County: Middlesex

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Boro Auto Wreckers site is a 4-

acre site operating as an auto salvage and scrap metal recycling facility since 1935. The property

was owned and operated by Fred and Carol Errickson who recycled all types of scrap metal from

tanks, appliances, automobiles, etc. The metal was crushed, stripped of non-metallic materials,

weighted, and shipped offsite for recycling. Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals were

stockpiled in the open yard along with other soil and debris.

Boro Auto Wreckers failed to complete necessary remedial investigations and actions required

by a 1990 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) administrative consent

order, a 1997 judicial consent order, and a 2003 NJDEP administrative consent order. In 2004,

the New Jersey Supreme Court directed Boro Auto Wreckers to cease operations. The court also

allowed the NJDEP access to the site for 18 months to clean up the contaminated scrap yard. In

addition, the court ordered Boro Auto Wreckers to pay NJDEP a penalty of $25,250. In 2004,

NJDEP authorized $500,000 to begin publicly funded testing and cleanup work at the Boro site.

Description of Contamination: Stained and oil-saturated soils and discharges of petroleum

products were first identified by the South Plainfield Health Department in 1984. Since this

initial inspection, there have been numerous inspections by local health representatives revealing

extensive soil contamination and hazardous discharges onsite as, well as contaminated storm

water discharges off site. Groundwater contaminants have included volatile organic compounds

generally associated with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination and gasoline constituents, such

as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Soil contaminants have

included widespread polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination at levels in excess of 50

ppm; heavy metal contamination (primarily lead); and widespread petroleum hydrocarbon

contamination, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Contaminated soil piles currently

exist on site and are being characterized and removed by NJDEP contractors.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2. Email Correspondence with Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

31 October 2005.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “Court Allows Clean-up of Scrap yard to

Begin.” 9 February 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/newsrel/2005/05_0011.htm
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New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “DEP Seeks Scrap Yard Shut

Down and Cleanup” 13 December 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/newsrel/2004/04_0141.htm

USEPA. “Boro Auto Wreckers.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009722979
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

186

Site Information

Site Name: Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc.

EPA ID No.: NJD011717584

Address: 416 Lanza Ave., Saddle Brook Twp, NJ 07662

County: Bergen

NPL Site: Construction Complete: 9/30/1997

In CERCLIS Database: 0200273

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc. is where

two active scrap metal recycling businesses operated: Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc. and Cirello Iron

and Steel Company. The site is approximately 1 acre in size and contains two single-story

buildings that are used primarily as warehouses. The area surrounding the site is comprised of

residential homes and industrial properties. Salvaging operations began at the site in the early

1950s. Prior to this, the land was used for dairy farming. In 1952, Curcio purchased the East

and West Lots and in 1981, the company purchased the South Lot. Initially, only rags and paper

were recycled. In 1975, aluminum, copper, and other ferrous and non-ferrous metals began to

be stored and recycled at the site. In 1977, the original structures on the site were demolished,

the present main building was erected, and sections of the West Lot were paved. In 1978, the

truck scale and scale control shed were constructed on the East Lot. The structures at the site

have remained essentially unchanged since 1985.

Description of Contamination: At least three documented polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)

spills had occurred on the site. In 1982, the company received a shipment of 50 electrical

transformers, salvaging the copper and baling the remaining metal. During the cutting of the

transformers, oil containing PCBs spilled onto the ground. An area covering about 200 square

feet was blackened with oil and soil that contained PCBs. Run-off from the site, taken from a

drainage ditch at the rear of the property, also contain PCBs. Site soils are relatively permeable,

which facilitates movement of contaminants into ground water. The state became aware of the

site in 1982 when a citizen became concerned over Curcio’s activities. The state found the soil

and runoff from a drainage ditch to be contaminated with PCBs. In 1985, the state discovered an

oil spill that flowed from the site to a pond approximately 300 feet from the Curcio site and

determined that Cirello was responsible for the spill. The company spilled approximately 200

gallons of hydraulic fluid on the Curcio site. In 1989, Cirello caused a spill of PCBcontaminated oil into on-site soil, and the state required Cirello to excavate and drum the

resulting contaminated soil.

Groundwater was contaminated with the following: vinyl chloride, chloroethane, methylene

chloride, acetone, carbon disulfide, 1,1-dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethane, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene, trans-1,2-dichoroethene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 2-butanone, 1,1,1-

trichloroethane, bromodichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, barium, calcium, magnesium,

sodium, benzene, toluene, aluminum, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead,

manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, sodium, thallium, vanadium, zinc, and aroclor. On-site

soil was found to be contaminated with three different PCB's, lead, copper, nickel and

trichloroethylene.
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Sources of Information:

New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Health Service. “Public Health Assessment

Curcio Scrap Metal, Incorporated.” 11 May 1995. 19 February 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/curcio/Csm_toc.html

USEPA. “Curcio Scrap Metal Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110006819639

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc.” 28 June 1991. 19

February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0291143.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc.” 30 September 1997.

19 February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0297107.pdf

USEPA. “First Five-Year Review Report Curcio Scrap Metal Inc. Superfund Site.” September

2002. 19 February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f02-02005.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc.” (n.d.). 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/superfund/npl/0200273c.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Curio Scrap Metal, Inc.” 22 July 1987. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0200273.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Curcio Scrap Metal, Inc.” CERCLIS. 12 October

2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0200273

Additional Contacts:

Michelle Granger-Santana (RPM) (212) 637-4975
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Site Information

Site Name: Cycle Chem Incorporated

EPA ID No.: NJD002200046

Address: 217 South First Street, Elizabeth, NJ 07206

County: Union

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Cycle Chem, a commercial transporter,

storage, and disposal facility (TSDF), purchased its two-acre property from Perk Chemical

Company in 1985. Recycling activities at the facility include recovering spent solvents and

treating hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Solvents, hazardous and non-hazardous wastes

are stored in containers and tanks. Cycle Chem accepts commercially generated, as well as onsite generated hazardous waste for storage, treatment, and transfer. Cycle Chem was issued a

RCRA Part B permit in December 1988 and December 1997.

Description of Contamination: Current contaminants in the groundwater on site include

benzene, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene. Contamination can be linked to current and past

storage activities. For instance, Perk Company emptied, cleaned, and removed three

aboveground storage tanks that used to contain chlorinated solvents. However, there is also

groundwater contamination coming onto the site from a higher site, which suggests that it was

caused not only from past operations, but also from some off-site source. In 2002, Cycle Chem

was cited by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) for violating the

NJ Water Pollution Control Act. NJDEP noted that Cycle Chem stored a large amount of

hazardous waste outdoors, where it was exposed to rain, and could wash into the Elizabeth River.

However, there is the possibility that some contamination is due to an off site source. A sitewide investigation is being conducted to determine Cycle Chem’s contribution to the

contamination.

Sources of Information:

Environment News Service. “Hazwaste Company Fined for Polluting River.” 18

November 2002. 17 January 2006.

http://ens-newswire.com/ens/nov2002/2002-11-18-09.asp#anchor7

EPA Region 2- Waste. “Cycle Chem Incorporated Factsheet.” 1 November 2005. 17

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region02/waste/fscycle.htm

USEPA. “Cycle Chem Corp.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000319780

USEPA. “Cycle Chem Corp.” RCRAInfo. 26 November 2001. 20 January 2006.
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USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Cycle Chem, Inc.” 6 June 2006.

23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=NJD002200046#List%

20of%20Cleanup%20Activities

Additional Contacts:

Clifford Ng (212) 637-4113
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Site Information

Site Name: Franklin Burn

EPA ID No.: NJD986570992

Address: Marshall Mill Road, Franklin Township, NJ 08322

County: Gloucester

NPL Site: Final: 6/17/1996

In CERCLIS Database: 0204087

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The overall site is made up of seven

land parcels ranging from 480 square feet to 15,000 square feet. To burn off plastic materials

coating insulated wires and other electrical components, each parcel contained series of

controlled fires. The exposed copper wiring was then recovered and resold. The burnings took

place on open, unprotected ground, and created contaminated piles of ash and areas of

contaminated soil. Site burning operations began as early as 1960 and ceased in 1988. The site

has remained inactive since that time. In 1988, illegal activity at the site was reported in to the

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). NJDEP contacted USEPA,

which conducted assessment and removal activities until their completion in 1997.

Individuals burning plastics-coated wires and other electrical components were engaged in

illegal activities, subject to criminal prosecution. The activities occurring at Franklin Burn were

unknown to the public until anonymously reported in 1988. Not all responsible parties were

found, and those found were considered insolvent (not fiscally able to support cleanup). Though

the total cost of recovery action, including all excavation and remedial cleanup, was

$8,765,961.70, USEPA expenditure spreadsheets from September 2005 list the cleanup

expenditure as $3,257,798.69.

Description of Contamination: Ash piles and surface soils on site were found to contain high

levels of metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, and lead. Some ash piles also

contained low levels of one or more of the following: pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls

(PCBs), dioxins, furans and organics. USEPA found PCBs in the soil as well. Initially, there

was concern about the potential of the dioxin contamination, due to the burning of plastics, but

only minimal levels of dioxins were found. Likewise, contamination did not affect local

groundwater. From November 1992 through May 1993, USEPA removed more than 10,000 tons

of debris from the Franklin Burn site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2. “Franklin Burn Site Profile.” (n.d.) 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0204087c.pdf

EPA Region 2- Newsroom. “EPA Proposes Plan to Address Franklin Township

Superfund Site.” 22 August 2001. 18 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/27166bca9a9490ee852570180055e350/818232

5c473ad57e85257169005ff4f6!OpenDocument
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Naman, Ron (212) 637-4375, Interview. 21 November 2005

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2005.

18 January 2006.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Franklin Burn.” CERCLIS. 12 October

2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0204087

USEPA. “USEPA Region 2 Burn #1.” EPA Envirofacts Warehouse. (n.d.).

24 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110007949934
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Site Information

Site Name: Griffin Pipe Products Company

EPA ID No.: NJD003951985

Address: 1100 West Front Street, Florence, NJ 08518

County: Burlington

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Griffin Pipe Products Company site

covers 293 acres and is surrounded by land largely under industrial use. Operations started on

site in the early 1900s, when the company was called the Florence Pipe and Foundry Company.

In 1963, Griffin Pipe purchased the facility to manufacture ductile iron pipe from scrap material,

iron, coke, and various alloy components.

Description of Contamination: The manufacturing process produced sludge containing lead

and cadmium. The sludge was deposited into an unlined landfill on site until the mid 1980s,

when the company began treating its sludge before disposal in the landfill. The untreated sludge

from Griffin Pipe’s manufacturing processes contaminated site soil and groundwater. However,

due to the nature of the pollutants, which do not move readily through groundwater, the

contaminants are contained mainly in the vicinity of the landfill.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2 - Waste. “Griffin Pipe Products Fact Sheet.” (n.d.) 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/waste/fsgriffi.htm

USEPA. “Amsted Industries Griffin Pipe Products.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.)

18 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000321633

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Amsted Industries Griffin

Pipe Products.” 6 June 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=NJD003951985

Additional Contacts:

NJ DEP Division of Solid & Hazardous Waste Records Center, (609) 777-3373

Clifford Ng (EPA Region 2 Contact) (212) 637-4113, ng.clifford@epa.gov

Jonathan Berg (NJDEP Case Manager) (609) 633-0737
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Site Information

Site Name: Horseshoe Road

EPA ID No.: NJD980663678

Address: Sayreville, NJ 08872

County: Middlesex

NPL Site: Final: 9/29/1995

In CERCLIS Database: 0200781

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The former chemical processing site

includes three areas: (1) the Horseshoe Road Drum Dump; (2) the former Atlantic Development

Corporation facility; and (3) the Sayreville Pesticide Dump. These three areas have been grouped

together as one site on the National Priorities List (NPL) based on their close proximity and the

assumption that the contaminants are commingled and threatening the same resources. The

former Atlantic Resources Corporation site is also located on Horseshoe Road and has been

included in the site remedial investigation.

The site was discovered in 1981, when a brush fire at the Horseshoe Road Drum Dump exposed

approximately 70 partially filled drums containing acetonitrile, silver cyanide and ethyl acetate.

The Horseshoe Road Drum Dump was used for disposal from 1972 into the early 1980s. The

Sayreville Pesticide Dump was also used for disposal from about 1957 into the early 1980s.

The Atlantic Development Corp. facility contained three buildings that were owned or leased by

many companies during the years of operation. Historical aerial photography indicates that the

area was developed in the early 1950s and operated into the early 1980s. The operations included

the production of roofing materials (coal tar and asbestos), sealants, polymers, urethane and

epoxy resins, resin pigments, wetting agents, pesticide intermediates, and recycled chlorinated

solvents.

The Atlantic Development Corp. recycled precious metals and perhaps solvents between 1972

and 1985. Twice during the winter of 1986-87, mercury spilled onto the ground. In March 1987,

USEPA used CERCLA emergency funds to remove 70 pounds of mercury and contaminated soil

to a hazardous waste facility regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA. USEPA also removed 30 5-

gallon containers of sodium cyanide, which was used in the metal recycling process.

Description of Contamination: In 1989, USEPA analyzed the site soils and found that the soils

contained volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-VOCs, base-neutral compounds, heavy

metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The sediments and surface water

onsite are contaminated with VOCs, heavy metals, and pesticides. The site contains wetland

areas, and there are additional off-site wetlands that have been impacted by site contaminants.

The Horseshoe Road drum dump contained approximately 70 drums, many corroded and some

labeled cyanide.

Atlantic Development Corp. owned the land where several companies manufactured, processed,

and blended various chemicals. During 1975-82, the New Jersey Department of Environmental
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Protection (NJDEP) took numerous legal actions against the companies. In mid-1980, NJDEP

removed over 1,000 drums from the area after the companies failed to do so. NJDEP analyses of

soil samples in 1985 detected VOCs (including toluene), semi-vocs, and heavy metals. USEPA

soil analyses in 1989 detected similar hazardous substances, plus pesticides and PCBs. In an

April 1991 onsite inspection, USEPA found 400 5-gallon containers holding solids and

semisolids of various colors. Most containers were open, and many were crushed as a result of a

fire in 1983.

Sayreville Pesticide Dump is an abandoned property now in the custody of the State. In the April

1991 inspection, USEPA found at least 160 corroded or crushed drums, many containing a white

powder. NJDEP's 1985 analyses detected benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene in soil. USEPA's

1989 analyses detected 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, copper, and mercury. Surface water and

sediments in a small stream originating near the Sayreville Pesticide Dump contain heavy metals

(copper, lead, and mercury), phenol, bis (2-chloroethyl) ether, methoxychlor, lindane,

chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane, according to USEPA's 1989 analyses. Hard clams are

harvested from Raritan Bay and Sandy Hook Bay, coastal tidal waters within 15 miles

downstream of the site. Wetlands on and off the site are also threatened.

Since 1987, the USEPA has removed 70 pounds of mercury and contaminated soil and 30 5-

gallon containers of sodium cyanide, used in the metal recycling process. To date, the potentially

responsible parties (PRPs) have either declined to perform any of the work required at the site, or

have been financially incapable of doing so. Therefore, most of the work has been conducted

using federal funds. The September 1, 2000 Record of Decision estimates that the selected

remedy costs will be $863,890 for the Atlantic Development Corp. site and $522,021 for the

Horseshoe Road site, for a total of $1,385,911.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2. “NPL Fact Sheet: Horseshoe Road.” (n.d.) 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0200781c.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Horseshoe Road.” 1 September 2000.

18 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0200510.pdf

USEPA. “Horseshoe Road Sites.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110015014143

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Horseshoe Road.” 29 September 1995. 18 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1373.htm

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Horseshoe Road.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0200781
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Additional Contacts:

Peter Capitano (On-Scene Coordinator) (908) 321-6621

John Osolin (Remedial Project Manager) (212) 637-4412
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Site Information

Site Name: Lightman Drum Company

EPA ID No.: NJD014743678

Address: Route 73, Winslow Township, NJ 08009

County: Camden

NPL Site: Final: 10/22/1999

In CERCLIS Database: 200280

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Lightman Drum Company acquired the

site in 1974 and recycled both full and empty drums until operations ceased in 1988. The facility

sometimes received full drums which required emptying before they could be cleaned and

recycled. An on-site pit was used to dispose of the contents. After a complaint and legal action,

the company agreed to upgrade its disposal technique and a 1977 inspection revealed the

presence of 5000-gallon underground storage tanks on the property. The facility accepted

chemical powders, pesticides, waste oils, emulsions, oil sludges, paint, pigment, ink residues,

ketones, alcohols, mixed solvents, acids, and alkalis.

Recycling operations ceased at the site, following a 1988 Administrative Order that found

significant contamination of hazardous substances as a result of the company’s operations.

Though these recycling operations no longer occur, United Cooperage is currently buying and

selling used drums at the location.

In March 2000, USEPA sent out 32 letters to potentially responsible parties (PRP) who may have

contributed to the contamination at the Site and may be liable for costs of the response actions. In

November 2000, sixteen PRPs signed an Administrative Order on Consent to perform the

remedial investigation and feasibility study at the site. USEPA expects that the ongoing remedial

investigation and feasibility study will be completed in late 2006.

Description of Contamination: Between 1987 and 1988, both New Jersey Department of

Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and Lightman Drum Company conducted sampling that

revealed the soil at the site was contaminated with various volatile and semi-volatile organic

compounds, metals, and pesticides. Lightman Drum Company subsequently conducted a

Remedial Investigation that revealed the ground water at the site was also contaminated.

Sources of Information:

Mitchell, Tanya. (212) 637-4362, Interview. 21 November 2005.

USEPA. “Lightman Drum Co. Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.)

23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009299437

USEPA. “NPL Site Fact Sheet: Lightman Drum Company.” (n.d.) 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/superfund/npl/0200280c.pdf
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USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Lightman Drum Company.” 22 October 1999.

18 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0200280.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Lightman Drum Company.” CERCLIS. 12

October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0200280
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Site Information

Site Name: Martin Aaron, Inc.

EPA ID No.: NJD014623854

Address: 1542 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08104

County: Camden

NPL Site: Final 8/23/1999

In CERCLIS Database: 0200278

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Martin Aaron, Inc. site has been

used by a variety of companies for more than 100 years. Kifferty Morocco Manufacturing Co.

operated a tannery at the site from 1887 until 1908. The site was bought by Castle Kid Co.,

which manufactured glazed leathers until it was seized for tax delinquency in 1940. The site was

then bought by Benjamin Schmerling and leased to H. Preston Lowden Co. for wool and hair

blending and American Chain and Cable Co. for manufacturing. Martin Aaron purchased the

property in 1968 and operated a drum reconditioning facility on site until 1987. Martin Aaron

purchased solvent-contaminated drums, reconditioned the drums, and then resold the clean

drums. Rhodes Drum and Westfall Ace (WADCO) bought the business in 1985, while Martin

Aaron maintained ownership of the property, and ran similar drum reconditioning businesses that

operated separately on site. WADCO ran its drum reconditioning operation from 1985 through

1994 when it was liquidated in bankruptcy proceeding; Rhodes Drum ran its operation from

1985 through 1998. All three companies were RCRA-permitted facilities.

During these various reconditioning operations, “empty” drums were turned upside down and

allowed to drain into tanks. After this, the drums were pressure washed, steam-rinsed and dried,

sand-blasted, inspected for integrity, and repainted. The residues from drum contents, rinseate,

and steam blow-down were drained from tanks and floor drains into skimming basins. Sludge

was skimmed from the basins for off-site disposal, and the acidic water was neutralized and

reused in the plant. The process also generated baghouse dust (from sand-blasting) and spray

paint wastes.

On October 24, 2005, USEPA announced that it plans to clean up contamination in the soil and

ground water at this site. Under the plan, USEPA will excavate contaminated soil, treat it if

necessary, and dispose of the excavated soil off site. Some of the site will be covered with a cap,

and future uses of the site will be restricted to ensure that the capped area is not disturbed.

Ground water will be pumped to the surface, cleaned up, and then discharged into the sewer

system.

As of September 30, 2004, cleanup expenditure at this site was $2,127,078.29.

Description of Contamination: From 1981 through 1995, New Jersey Department of

Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and USEPA cited operators for numerous violations,

including unpermitted discharges, non-notification of spills and releases, and improper handling,

storage, and disposal of drums. Site operators used the outdoor paved and unpaved areas of the

property for drum storage. Holes were dug throughout the property for the disposal of wastes.
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Between 200 and 1,000 containers of waste were buried onsite. According to NJDEP, chemical

wastes were illegally disposed of as late as March 1999.

In 1997, NJDEP initiated a remedial investigation (RI) , using state funds, for both soil and

groundwater to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The NJDEP RI soil

results showed that both surface and subsurface soil contamination including chlorinated and

aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-VOCs consisting mainly of poly-aromatic

hydrocarbons, metals, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widespread

throughout the Martin Aaron property. The RI found groundwater contamination in both

shallow and some of the deeper monitoring wells installed on the property. In 1999, NJDEP

requested that USEPA take the lead in completing studies of the contamination on the site.

USEPA’s findings revealed that soil contaminated with VOCs and arsenic is contaminating

ground water. The on-site and off-site damage is extensive, resulting from improper handling of

solvent-contaminated drums; improperly designed drum drainage systems,; leaking and dumping

of solvents into soil, groundwater, and wastewater streams; and illegal burial of contaminated

drums on site.

Sources of Information

Austin, Mark (RPM) (212) 637-3954, Interview. 20 June 2005.

EPA Region 2- News. “EPA to clean up superfund site in Camden county.” 24 October 2005. 18

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region02/news/2005/05120.htm

EPA Region 2. “Superfund Program Proposed Plan for Martin Aaron Superfund Site.” July

2005. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/martin_aaron_proposal2005.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). September 30, 2004. 18 January

2006.

USEPA. “Martin Aaron Inc.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0200278

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Martin Aaron.” (n.d.). 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0200278c.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Martin Aaron, Inc.” 22 July 1999. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1559.htm

USEPA. “Superfund Redevelopment Program: Martin Aaron.” July 2000. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pilot/facts/r2_12.htm
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

200

Site Information:

Site Name: Matteo Iron and Metal

EPA ID No.: NJD991304072

Address: 1708 Route 130, Thorofare, NJ 08086

County: Gloucester

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0204061

Description of Recycling Operation: A scrap metal recycling facility currently operates at the

northeast portion of this site. Prior to its purchase by Matteo Iron and Metal, the property was a

farm. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) has conducted

numerous inspections of the site dating back to the early 1970s. During these inspections, it was

noted that portions of the property had been used to landfill domestic and industrial waste. In

addition, it has been reported that the current operator recycled vehicle batteries and landfilled

the battery casings near Hessian Run. Reviews of historical aerial photographs have confirmed

that significant disturbances occurred at this area in the past.

Funding sources for the site include the 1986 Bond Fund ($87,000) and the Corporate Business

Tax ($1,102,000).

Description of Contamination: A site inspection conducted by NJDEP in1991 revealed

partially crushed 55-gallon drums containing various materials that appeared to be waste

petroleum product. Preliminary sampling has confirmed that the soil and ground water at the site

and the sediments in Hessian Run are contaminated with organic compounds and lead.

Contaminates in the soil included petroleum hydrocarbons, lead, arsenic, and polychlorinated

biphenyls (PCBs).

Sources of Information:

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “NJ Publicly Funded Cleanups Site Status

Report 2003: Matteo Iron & Metal.” 2003. 15 January 2006.

http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/publications/site_status/2003/pdf/gloucester.pdf

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “Site Remediation and Waste

Management: Matteo Iron & Metal.” 5 October 2004. 18 January 2006.

http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/community/sites/pi/026178.htm

USEPA. “Matteo & Sons, Inc.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0204061
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

201

Site Information

Site Name: Old Bridge Chemicals, Inc. / Madison Industries, Inc.

EPA ID No.: NJD002460855 / NJD002460855

Address: Old Waterworks Rd, Old Bridge, NJ 08857

County: Middlesex

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Old Bridge Chemicals, Inc. (OBC) and

Madison Industries, Inc. (Madison) operate at the same location at Old Waterworks Road. The

property is owned by Arnet Realty Company. Operations began at this site in 1964 and

approximately 5 acres are active. The site produces copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride,

etchants, and iron enrichment additives. The company claimed it conducted recycling at the

facility using materials generated at the site (filter press material from the zinc sulfate and zinc

chloride processes and from the wastewater treatment plant operations and off-specification

copper products) to produce a “micronutrient fertilizer.” A pile of this material existed at the site

from at least December 1989 until August 1995, when it was removed by court order. It was

found to be hazardous for lead and cadmium toxicity based on sampling, with results as high as

40 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively. Through 1992, portions of the pile were sold to out-of-state

fertilizer manufacturers for incorporation into its products. The pile was maintained outside,

exposed to the elements, and thus was susceptible to moisture and dispersion by wind and

precipitation. Discharges to the environment from the pile were observed and documented by the

NJDEP in June1993, September 1993, and February 1994.

As of November 2001 this site did not hold a RCRA Part B permit.

Description of Contamination: In 1995, a pile of micronutrient fertilizer was removed and

found to be hazardous for lead and cadmium toxicity, with results as high as 40 ppm and 300

ppm, respectively. A report prepared in July 1996 by Amy S. Greene Environmental

Consultants, Inc. for Madison revealed elevated levels of zinc and copper in the leaves within

four stressed zones to the west of the site. Groundwater at this site is contaminated with heavy

metals, which were identified by NJ DEP.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

31 October 2005.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “New Jersey Superfund Sites on the

National Priorities List as of June 30, 2001.” Site Remediation Program. 9 January

2002. 20 October 2006.

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/srp/publications/site_status/2000/html/superfun.htm

USEPA. “Old Bridge Chemicals, Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 18 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000756469
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

202

USEPA. “Old Bridge Chemicals, Inc.” RCRAInfo. 26 November 2001. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Old Bridge Metals and Chemicals.”

6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=NJD052204864

Additional Contacts:

Susan Gieser (Public Contact), (732) 727-2225
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

203

Site Information:

Site Name: Pittsburgh Metal & Equipment

EPA ID No.: NJD000540062 or NJD981490295

Address: 41-59 Aetna Street (Foot), Jersey City, NJ 07302

County: Hudson

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0201097

Description of Recycling Operation: This site was a former smelting facility that operated for

approximately 35 years. It received used metal and dross from a number of clients, including

those in the printing industries.

This site did not hold a RCRA Part B permit.

Description of Contamination: USEPA confirmed contamination at the site as high as 15

percent lead in the top two feet of soil. Other hazardous substances at the site include cadmium,

antimony, beryllium, copper, nickel, silver, zinc, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

As a result of the release or threatened release of hazardous substances, USEPA has undertaken

response actions at or in connection with the site under Section 104 of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C.

9604. Under the terms of the Agreement, the de minimis settling parties will pay approximately

$370,000.00 to reimburse USEPA for clean up costs. incurred at the Site. In addition, a New

Jersey Department of Environmental Protection document lists USEPA emergency cleanup costs

as $2,864,000 in 2000.

Sources of Additional Information:

Federal Register (Volume 70, Number 97) Page 29312-29313. “Proposed Settlement Under

Section 122(g) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and

Liability Act Regarding the Pittsburgh Metal and Equipment Superfund Site, Jersey City,

NJ.” 20 May 2005. 24 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/2005/May/Day-20/f10147.htm

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “NJ Publicly Funded Cleanups Site Status

Report 2000: Remedial Action/Construction projects completed in 2000.” 18 January

2006.http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/publications/site_status/2000/html/2000intro05.htm

USEPA. “Pittsburgh Metals & Graphics.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0201097

USEPA. “Pittsburgh Metals & Graphics.” RCRAInfo. 26 November 2001. 20 January 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

204

Site Information

Site Name: Safety-Kleen Envirosystems Company

EPA ID No.: NJD002153922

Address: 600 Doremus Avenue, Newark, NJ 07105

County: Essex

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Safety-Kleen Envirosystems

Company site is located on approximately 9.5 acres in a heavily industrialized area of Newark,

New Jersey. During the 1800s, the site was part of the Balbach Smelting and Refining

Corporation Works, which refined lead and copper. The refining operations ceased in 1938 and

ownership was transferred to the City of Newark. It was inactive until purchased in 1952 by the

Kolker Chemical Company, which manufactured chemicals at the location, including chlorine,

methylene chloride, methyl chloride, chloroform, and plasticizers.

In 1974, Inland Chemical Corporation purchased the property, phasing out chemical

manufacturing and initiating solvent recovery operations in 1975. In 1976, the southern portion

of the property was sold to Darling International for rendering of animal byproducts. Inland and

McKesson Envirosystems Company merged in 1981. In October 1982, an explosion and fire

destroyed much of the operations at the site and it has been inactive and vacant ever since. In

1987, Safety-Kleen Corporation acquired the stock of McKesson and renamed the company

Safety-Kleen Envirosystems.

In 1982, McKesson Envirosystem Company entered into an Administrative Consent Order with

the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) for investigations of the site.

Subsequent investigations and inspections identified many areas of concern. In 1993, SafetyKleen Envirosystems Company and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (which shipped waste to the

site) entered into an Administrative Consent Order with NJDEP to conduct remedial

investigations and remedial measures, if necessary.

This site does not hold a RCRA Part B permit.

Description of Contamination: Due to poor manufacturing operation and maintenance

practices, the site’s soil and groundwater are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls

(PCBs) and volatile and semi-volatile organics, such as methylene chloride, vinyl chloride,

chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, cis-1,2 Dichloroethylene and xylenes.

Contamination of soil and groundwater includes PCBs, volatile, and semi-volatile organics.

Some contamination occurred after 1982, and the facility was closed 2 days after the explosion

and subsequent fire. The cost of clean up has amounted to $2.75 million for groundwater

remedy and $1.76 million for soil remedy.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

205

Sources of Information:

Abdellatif, Sameh (212) 637-4103, Interview. 1 November 2005.

EPA Region 2. “Hazardous Waste Cleanup Site Fact Sheet: Safety-Kleen Envirosystems Co.” 3

November 2005.18 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region02/waste/njstate.htm

EPA Region 2. “Hazardous Waste Cleanup Site Fact Sheet: Safety-Kleen Envirosystems.” 3

November 2005.18 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region02/waste/fssafene.pdf

USEPA. “McKesson Envirosystems Co.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. 18 January 2006. 18

January 2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Safety-Kleen Envirosystems, Inc.”

RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=NJD002153922

USEPA. “Safety-Kleen Envirosystems.” RCRAInfo. 26 November 2001.

Additional Contacts:

NJ DEP, Division of Solid & Hazardous Waste Records Center, 401 E. State Street, 6th Floor,

Trenton, NJ 08625, (609) 777-3373

Sameh Abdellatif (EPA Region 2 Contact), (212) 637-4103, abdellatif.sameh@epa.gov

Mark Walters, (609) 633-1486
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

206

Site Information:

Site Name: South Brunswick Asphalt

EPA ID No.: NJD986630747

Address: Gladney Avenue, Berkley, NJ 08721

County: Ocean

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0203669

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The South Brunswick Asphalt facility

makes asphalt and recycles asphalt wastes, concrete, and tree stumps. Since 1983, a large

quantity of coal tar emulsion wastes mixed with sand and gravel were stockpiled on site in an

unpaved and unbermed outdoor area. Other environmental concerns at the South Brunswick

Asphalt site include an inactive landfill area, abandoned drums, three waste oil lagoons, and

discarded electrical transformers.

Funding sources include a corporate business tax ($845,000) and hazardous discharge site

cleanup fund ($150,000).

Description of Contamination: Preliminary sampling conducted by the New Jersey

Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) in 1990 and 1992 confirmed that the soil and

ground water at the property were contaminated with various chlorinated and non-chlorinated

volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “South Brunswick Asphalt.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0203669

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “NJ Publicly Funded Cleanups Site

Status Report 2003: South Brunswick Asphalt.” 9 January 2002. 20 October 2006.

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/srp/publications/site_status/2003/pdf/ocean.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

207

Site Information:

Site Name: Zschiegner Refining Co.

EPA ID No.: NJD986643153

Address: 1442 Maxim-Southard Road, Howell Township, NJ 07731

County: Monmouth

NPL Site: Final: 3/6/1998

In CERCLIS Database: 0203757

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Zschiegner Refining Company

operated from 1964 to 1992 as a precious metals recovery facility. On-site operations included

chemical stripping of precious metals, including gold, silver, platinum, and nickel from watch

bands, film, and electrical components. In October 1992, the Federal Drug Enforcement

Administration raided the facility based on suspicions of illegal drug manufacturing and found

the facility owner had been manufacturing methamphetamine. Approximately 3,000 different

chemicals (including peroxide, cyanide, caustics, and acids) were found improperly stored

throughout the site.

A USEPA August 2004 proposed Superfund Cleanup Plan estimates total costs at the site to be

$6.7 million.

Description of Contamination: Operations at the site resulted in contamination of the building,

soil, sediment, ground water, and adjacent wetlands with arsenic, chromium and cyanide. Former

employees of the site have noted that spent acid solutions, too weak for "stripping" metals, were

regularly decanted into floor drains or emptied by hose. During initial removal actions,

approximately 2,000 gallons of acidic solutions, 1,600 gallons of basic solutions, and 1,400 small

containers of hazardous substances were transferred to acceptable containers and disposed of off

site. The presence of organic and inorganic contamination in soil, sediments, surface water, and

ground water, and inorganic contamination in the building, was found during the remedial

investigation.

Herbert Zschiegner pled guilty on April 26, 1995, to illegally dumping chemicals into a

Monmouth County brook and adjacent wetlands from 1990 to 1992. Zschiegner admitted to

violating three counts of the Clean Water Act by illegally discharging, without a permit, acids,

chromium, copper, lead, nickel, silver, zinc, and iron from his metals recovery operation into the

Haystack Brook and surrounding wetlands between January 1990 and October 31, 1992. On

September 28, 1995, Zschiegner was sentenced to 16 months in jail on each of the three counts

and 3 years probation. As part of his plea agreement and sentence, Zschiegner is also required to

pay $650,000 to the USEPA as partial restitution for the costs incurred by the Agency in

cleaning up the former business site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2. “August 2004 Superfund Proposed Plan: Zschiegner Refining Co.” 24 August

2004. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/zschienger_proposal_plan.htm
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Jersey

208

EPA Region 2- Newsroom. “EPA Proposes Cleanup Plan for Howell Superfund Site.” 24 August

2004. 18 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region02/news/2004/04132.htm

EPA Region 2- Superfund. “ EPA to Clean Up Howell Superfund Site.” 13 October 2004. 18

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region02/news/2004/04157.htm

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. “NJ Publicly Funded Cleanups Site Status

Report 2003: Monmouth County Index of Sites.” p. 17. (n.d.) 20 October 2006.

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/srp/publications/site_status/2003/pdf/monmouth.pdf

New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Public Health Assessment: Zschiegner

Refining Co.” 1 July 1999. 18 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/zschiegner/zsc_toc.html

USEPA. “NPL Site Fact Sheet: Zschiegner Refining.” (n.d.) 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0203757c.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Zschiegner Refining.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0203757

USEPA. “Zschiegner Refining.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.(n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110004239280

Additional Contacts:

Stephanie Vaughn (Project Manager), (212) 637-1866 or vaughn.stephanie@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Mexico

209

Site Information

Site Name: Cal West Metals

EPA ID No.: NMD097960272

Address: I-25 & US 60 & 85 W Frontage, Lemitar, NM 87823

County: Socorro

NPL Site: Deleted:12/20/1996

In CERCLIS Database: 0604050

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Cal West Metals site is located

one-half mile northwest of Lemitar and approximately 8 miles north of Socorro in Socorro

County, New Mexico. The site is bounded on the east by a frontage road for US Interstate 25.

The Interstate is located approximately 250 feet east of the site. Land use is predominantly

agricultural and residential. There are three households located within 1,100 feet south of the

site. The Cal West Metals site is a former battery breaking and recycling facility.

The Cal West property includes approximately 43.8 acres, of which 12.5 acres are fenced. Site

operations were located within the fenced area. The site consisted of two evaporation ponds,

three facility buildings, earth berms, soil and battery waste piles, a concrete surface pad, and a

salvage area. Albert and James LaPoint operated the Cal West Metal battery recycling facility

and secondary lead smelter. From 1979 to 1981, the facility processed an estimated 20,000

automobile batteries to recover lead, plastics, and hard rubber components for commercial sale.

Lead acid batteries were crushed on site and the batteries were separated into plastics, hard

rubber, and lead oxides. Floatation and centrifugation in a rotating separator drum separated the

plastics, hard rubber, and lead fraction. Water was recycled through the separator drum and

ultimately discharged to the lined pond along with waste sludge. After the discharge line became

plugged, sludge was disposed of on the concrete surface pad adjacent to the cotton gin building.

From the start of operations to approximately 1989, piles of crushed battery components, in

various stages of separation, were stored outdoors. The broken battery piles were stored inside

the central building and stockpiled on the concrete pad adjacent (west) to this building. Cal West

has been the subject of numerous state and federal investigations and regulatory actions since

1979. From 1981 through 1989, preliminary investigations were conducted by NMED, USEPA,

and the LaPoints.

Description of Contamination: Elevated levels of lead were found in soil, sediment, and

groundwater. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the battery waste piles, soil,

sediment, and debris are organics, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals,

including arsenic and lead. In addition, about 300 drums containing lead oxide and sulfuric acid

were identified.

In August 1986, USEPA issued an order to the owner/operators under Section 3008(a) of RCRA

for failure to operate and maintain the facility in compliance with RCRA hazardous waste

management requirements.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Mexico

210

The selected remedial action for this site included excavating, consolidating, and treating an

estimated 15,000 cubic yards of contaminated battery waste materials, soil, and sediment on site.

The remediation efforts included using stabilization/solidification; disposing of the treated

materials in the southwest corner of the fenced area and capping the disposal area with cement

and a 12-inch soil cover; decontaminating onsite buildings and equipment; and sampling ground

water. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action, according to a September 1992

Superfund Record of Decision was $1,557,000, which included an annual maintenance cost of

$5,000 for 30 years.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 6. “Cal West Metals Superfund Site Profile.” 13 January 2006. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6sf/pdffiles/0604050.pdf

Hendricks, Ashley and Sara Lubchenco. “Analysis and Remediation Plan for Lead

Contamination at the Cal West Site in Lemitar, NM.” L & H Environmental Engineering.

(n.d.). 18 January 2006. http://www.ees.nmt.edu/EPSCoR/GIS_class/Ashley&SaraL.doc

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Cal West Metals (USSBA).” 13 March 1989. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0604050.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Cal West Metals (USSBA).” 29 September 1992.

18 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0692077.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Cal West Metals (USSBA).” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0604050

Additional Contacts:

Sairam Appaji (RPM), (214) 665-3126

Ladonna Walker (SAM), (214) 665-6666

Don Williams (RPM), (214) 665-2197
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Mexico

211

Site Information

Site Name: Pagano Salvage

EPA ID No.: NMD980749980

Address: Los Lunas, NM 87031

County: Valencia

NPL Site: Deleted: 10/14/1992

In CERCLIS Database: 0600907

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Pagano Salvage Site covers 1.25

acres near the east bank of the Rio Grande. In 1983, Pagano Salvage purchased electric

transformers/capacitors and other scrap metals containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-

contaminated oil from Sandia National Laboratories, a U.S. Department of Energy facility in

Albuquerque, New Mexico. Pagano Salvage removed the oil, poured it over insulated wire, and

burned off the insulation to recover the metal. The burning took place on unprotected ground at

several locations. Site inspections in 1984, 1985, and 1986 revealed several areas of soil

contamination in the yard due to leaks from scrap materials, which released PCB-contaminated

oil into the soil. These areas included two surface burn areas, a stained soil area, and a surface

pool of oil.

Description of Contamination: When the facility ceased operations, 62 drums containing oil

remained on site. On-site soil samples collected by USEPA in March 1987 contained high

concentrations of two PCBs: Aroclor 1254 at 1,400 parts per million (ppm), and Aroclor 1260 at

910 ppm. Pesticides were also detected: DDT at 40 parts per billion (ppb) and DDE at 17 ppb.

Contaminants were detected to a depth of 4 feet. All of these contaminants were also detected in

on-site soil collected in November 1985. Local conditions facilitated movement of

contaminants into ground water.

On June 8, 1989, USEPA issued a CERCLA Section 106 Administrative Order requiring a

number of parties potentially responsible for wastes associated with the site to conduct a removal

action. The parties declined, but proposed to fund the action, estimated to cost $1.5 million.

Over 5,100 tons of soil and debris were removed from the site.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Pagano Salvage.” 27 September 1990. 18 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0690058.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Pagano Salvage.” 12 January 2006. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6sf/pdffiles/0600907.pdf

USEPA. “Pagano Salvage Yard.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110010646024
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New Mexico

212

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Pagano Salvage.” CERCLIS. 11 September 2006.

20 October 2006. http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0600907

Additional Contacts:

Ladonna Walker (SAM), (214) 665-6666

Don Williams (RPM), (214) 665-2197
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New York

213

Site Information

Site Name: Back Waste Oil

EPA ID No.: NYN000204415

Address: 704 County Road 30A, Central Bridge, NY 12035

County: Schoharie

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0204415

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site is a former machine shop.

Over the years, the owner has been accumulating thousands of gallons of waste oil, solvents,

paint, and other types of ignitable fluids from his own sources, as well as from unknown

individuals who left containers of chemicals at his site. These materials were intended to be used

as supplemental fuel by the owner in a small heater inside the machine shop. Having been out of

business for the past 15 years, the waste fluids have been accumulating on the site.

Description of Contamination: In addition to the more than 5,000 gallons of waste oil and other

ignitable fluids, there are approximately 40 compressed gas cylinders of various sizes and a

partially filled 300 gallon propane tank. Inside the shop area, in addition to the containers of

ignitable wastes, the owner has two boxes of live .50 caliber military ammunition. The rear

garage door is missing, which allows for unrestricted access to the building. There are no

operating fire or smoke detectors, nor is there a fire alarm system. There are visible signs of

waste oil spillage onto the soil.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Back Waste Oil.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0204415

USEPA. “Back Waste Oil.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110013799425

USEPA. “Back Waste Oil.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/wasteoil

Additional Contacts:

Paul Kahn (OSC), kahn.paul@epamail.epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling New York

214

Site Information

Site Name: Bern Metals

EPA ID No.: RCRAInfo: NYD986910057, CERCLIS: NYD013703632

Address: 22 Bender Ave, Buffalo, NY 14206-2803

County: Erie

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0202697

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Bern/Universal Metals site on the

east side of Buffalo was used as a scrap metal processing center for almost 50 years until it was

closed in the late 1980s. The state began its involvement in the case in the late 1980s. In 1992,

USEPA excavated some contaminated soil, removed barrels, provided soil cover on part of the

property and put up fencing. Because the site owners were deceased, the state initiated a

proceeding against companies identified as contributing to pollution at the site. Six entities that

sent toxic material to the site have agreed to conduct cleanup activities at the site which are

estimated to cost $1.86 million. The entities include Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority,

Niagara Frontier Transit Metro System, Inc., Honeywell International Inc., National Fuel Gas

Distribution Corp., General Motors Corporation, and New York State Electric and Gas

Corporation. According to a 2002 Federal Register Notice, Consolidated Railroad owned a

portion of the site and agreed to pay $300,000.

Description of Contamination: Soil at the five-acre site is heavily contaminated with lead,

battery acid and other toxic substances.

Sources of Information:

Federal Register (Volume 67, Number 53). Page 12573. “Notice of Lodging of Partial Consent

Decree Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability

Act of 1980, as Amended.” 19 March 2002. 25 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/2002/March/Day-19/f6280.htm

Office of New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer. “Agreement Speeds Cleanup of

Buffalo Toxic Site.” 19 July 2002. 19 January 2006.

http://www.oag.state.ny.us/press/2002/jul/jul19a_02.html

USEPA. “Bern Metals.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 19 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0202697

Additional Contacts:

Chait Agnihotri (OSC), (908) 906-6908
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215

Site Information:

Site Name: Consolidated Iron and Metal

EPA ID No.: NY0002455756

Address: East End of Washington St., Newburgh, NY 12550

County: Orange

NPL Site: Final: 6/14/2001

In CERCLIS Database: 0204175

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Consolidated Iron and Metal

(Consolidated) was a car and scrap metal dealer, processor/recycler, and storage facility that

operated from 1960 through 1999, when it closed by the New York State Department of

Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) due to numerous violations. The facility received

whole automobiles; automobile engines, transmissions, and batteries; keypunch machines;

computer parts; white goods (appliances); and transformers. The 7-acre consolidated site is

bordered by a boat marina on one side and the Hudson River on another. The facility included a

staging area and smelter, a compactor and metal shear, an office, a scale, and a garage. Scrap

metal and tire piles were also found on site. Smelting operations occurred on site between 1975

and 1995. Primarily, the smelter was used to melt aluminum transmissions into a reusable

product, but other metallic materials were smelted as well, resulting in lead-contaminated

ash/slag. Other on-site operations included sorting ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrap for

recycling, and baling and shearing large pieces of metal – including whole cars – into smaller

pieces for transport. Mismanagement on site led to contamination.

From 1997 to 1999, NYSDEC conducted several inspections at the facility. In 1999, USEPA

cleanup crews greatly reduced any threats of contamination to nearby areas by disposing of a

4,000 to 6,000 ton pile of ash/slag that contained high levels of lead at an USEPA-approved

facility. The Agency spent $1.5 million on this effort. A clearing operation was conducted by

USEPA in 2003. The City of Newburgh has foreclosed on the property. Cleanup at the site has

not begun.

As of September 30, 2004, cleanup expenditure at this site was $4,376,309.28.

Description of Contamination: Contamination was caused by mismanagement of useable scrap

metal and processing byproducts. Precautions were not taken to minimize contamination during

smelting operations, processing, and storage of scraps. In addition, ash/slag and oil/waste liquids

were disposed directly on the property without proper containment, allowing contamination of

soil, groundwater, and the Hudson River.

Between 1997 and 1999, NYSDEC conducted inspections and sampling at the Consolidated

facility. NYSDEC observed oil and other waste liquids on facility soils, as well as storm water

being discharged into the Hudson River from the property without the appropriate testing or

permits. In 2000, the NYS Attorney General prosecuted Consolidated for violations, including

illegal discharge to surface water without a permit. There were three main causes of site

contamination: the metal smelting operation; recycling of scrap metals; and storage of scrap
Appendix 2

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216

metals. An ash/slag pile generated by the smelting operation contained lead at 6,350 mg/kg and

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at 27,000 μg/kg. USEPA separated the ash/slag pile into

ferrous, non-ferrous and fine (contaminated) piles, and removed the approximately 6,600-ton

fine pile to a RCRA-approved treatment, storage, and disposal facility. USEPA removed

approximately 2,000 tons of soil and debris, with lead contamination at 4,000 mg/kg and PCB

contamination at 39,000 μg/kg. In addition, USEPA removed 30,000 tires, 58 truckloads of

scrap metal, and 8,000 gallons of hydraulic oil. On-site sampling of surface and subsurface soil

and groundwater, after removal activities, found significantly elevated levels of volatile organic

compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), pesticides, PCBs, and metals,

primarily beneath the former slag pile. In addition, contaminants found at elevated levels in the

Hudson River included benzopyrene, PCBs, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and zinc.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2- Newsroom. “EPA Places Sites in East Fishkill and Newburgh on the Federal List

of Hazardous Waste Sites.” 11 June 2001. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/news/2001/01066.htm

EPA Region 2- Newsroom. “EPA Poised to Begin Long-Term Cleanup at Newburgh Superfund

Site” 29 September 2003. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/news/2003/03111.htm

Negrelli, Mike (RPM) (212) 637-4278, Interview. 17 November 2005.

USEPA. “Consolidated Iron and Metal.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009260726

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). September 30, 2004. 19 January

2006.

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Consolidated Iron and Metal.” 14 June 2001. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1614.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Fact Sheet: Consolidated Iron and Metal.” (n.d.) 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0204175c.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Consolidated Iron and Metal.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0204175
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Site Information

Site Name: ENRX, Inc. (formerly Voelker Analysis)

EPA ID No.: NYD991291782

Address: 766 Babcock St., Buffalo, NY 14206

County: Erie

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This company was a permitted

hazardous waste chlorinate organic recovery facility until the permit was revoked in 1989. The

source of contamination is unclear, though the initial recycling process was conducted without

secondary containment. This was corrected when ENRX, Inc. acquired the site in 1987.

However inventory was not removed from the original building, so leaking drums could have

contributed to the contamination.

In October 1994, the USEPA announced a proposed settlement with ENRX and Buffalo

Warehousing. Both sites violated CERCLA and the settlement was entered into by USEPA and

91 parties. Under the agreement, the parties would pay USEPA $1,006,000, plus interest, to

reimburse USEPA for costs incurred at the respective sites.

Description of Contamination: Source of contamination is unclear. Leaking drums could have

contributed to the contamination.

Sources of Information:

Federal Register. “Environmental Documents: Proposed Administrative Cost Recovery

Agreement Under Section 122(h)(1) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation and Liability Act, Regarding the ENRX Site and the Buffalo Warehousing

Site, Buffalo, NY.” 17 October 1994. 25 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/1994/October/Day-17/pr-23.html

USEPA. “ENRX Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000616682

USEPA. “ENRX Incorporated.” RCRAInfo. 21 November 2000.

USEPA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. FY 1994 Enforcement And

Compliance Assurance Accomplishments Report. p. A-12. (n.d.)

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/reports/accomplishments/oeca/fy94accomplish

ment.pdf

USEPA. “Voelker Analysis Inc.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0202421
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USEPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. “RCRA Monthly Hotline Report.”

October 1994. 19 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hotline/94report/10_94.txt

Additional Contacts:

Albert Steele, (716) 864-7313
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Site Information

Site Name: Feldman Barrel & Drum

EPA ID No.: NYD013721907

Address: 35 Newell Street, Buffalo, NY 14206

County: Erie

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0204376

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Feldman Barrel & Drum Site is an

inactive drum reconditioning facility located at 35 Newell Street in Buffalo, Erie County, New

York. The facility is located in a predominately industrial and commercial section of Buffalo;

however, there are some residential homes bordering the site to the East. According to the

owner/operator, the site has been inactive since May 2001. The owner stated that Feldman

Barrel & Drum ceased operating when some of their major accounts were terminated.

A private citizen called the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

(NYSDEC) when children found numerous drums and detected an unidentifiable odor inside an

abandoned building on the site. NYSDEC subsequently performed an inspection in June 2002

and found several hundred drums in various stages of deterioration. Drums were found with

corrosive and flammable labels. NYSDEC requested response and removal assistance from the

USEPA. According to a January 30, 2003 On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) Pollution Report (4), the

total project cleanup is budgeted to cost $780,000.

Description of Contamination: In July 2002, USEPA and the Removal Support Team (RST)

contractor conducted a preliminary assessment and collected drum, tank, and floor drain samples

from within this abandoned drum reconditioning facility. A total of 439 drums, in severe stages

of deterioration, were identified within the building, of which an estimated 400-420 contained

waste materials. A 3,500-gallon caustic bath tank and a 500-gallon caustic pre-flush tank were

identified and found to contain a caustic liquid and sludge-like material. On-site results detected

primarily caustic liquids and sludges (pH 12-14) and flammable liquids in a majority of the

samples collected.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Feldman Barrel & Drum.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0204376

USEPA. “Feldman Barrel & Drum.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110012535319

USEPA. “Feldman Barrel & Drum.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/feldmanbarrel

USEPA. “Pollution Report: Feldman Barrel & Drum.” 30 January 2003.
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Additional Contacts:

Jeff M. Bechtel (OSC), (732) 906-6807, bechtel.jeff@epa.gov

Cris D’Onofrio (OSC)

Bob Moody ( Response Manager), (267) 540-0048, rmoody@wrsie.com
Appendix 2

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Site Information

Site Name: Hudson Technologies Inc.

EPA ID No.: NY0001392463

Address: 25 Torne Valley Rd, Hillburn, NY 10931

County: Rockland

NPL Site: Proposed: 5/11/2000

In CERCLIS Database: 0204251

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Approximately 3 acres in size, the

Hudson Technologies Inc. (HTI) site is an active freon recycling facility engaged primarily in the

purification of spent refrigerant. HTI began operations on the site in 1994. The site property is

currently owned by Ramapo Land Co. Inc and cleanup efforts are ongoing. Hudson

Technologies did not hold a RCRA permit while conducting operations.

To date, over $1 million has been spent on cleanup efforts.

Description of Contamination: Groundwater is contaminated with Freon 11. A 1995

inspection revealed that floor drains were connected to a dry well. HTI closed off its drains to

prevent discharge to the dry well and abandoned its on-site septic system where the highest

concentration of Freon 11 was detected. In 1999, a failed connection hose to one of HTI’s

outdoor storage tanks resulted in a spill of approximately 8,000 pounds of Freon 11 to the ground

surface. HTI immediately began excavation of the soil impacted by the spill. Groundwater was

once again contaminated and two supply wells were taken off-line. HTI installed a ground water

remediation system that consists of a recovery well, air stripping tower, and recharge gallery,

which removes the Freon 11 from the impacted well water prior to distribution. An air stripping

treatment system, completed in March 2001, removes the Freon 11 from the impacted well water

prior to distribution. In the past, these releases forced United Water of New York to close some

wells in its public drinking water system.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2- Newsroom. “EPA Proposes Site in Rockland County Linked to Groundwater

Contamination for the Federal List of Hazardous Waste Sites.” 11 May 2000. 19 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/Region2/news/2000/00085.htm

Malcolm, James (PM) (518) 402-9669, Interview 17 November 2005

New York State Department of Health. “Public Health Assessment: Hudson Technologies.” 25

January 2002. 19 January 2006.

http://nysl.nysed.gov/uhtbin/cgisirsi/zK37W99vE1/64460137/523/4721

Trocher, Sharon (RPM) (212) 637-4261, Interview. 17 November 2005

USEPA. “NPL Site Fact Sheet: Hudson Technologies.” 26 September 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/superfund/npl/0204251c.pdf
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USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Hudson Technologies, Inc.” 11 May 2000. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1590.htm

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile: Hudson Technologies.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005.

19 January 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0204251
Appendix 2

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Site Information

Site Name: Mercury Refining, Inc.

EPA ID No.: NYD048148175

Address: Railroad Ave., Colonie, NY 12205

County: Albany

NPL Site: Final: 9/8/1983

In CERCLIS Database: 0201552

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: From 1955 to 1998, Mercury Refining,

Inc. reclaimed mercury from batteries, thermometers, electrical switches, and other mercurybearing materials. 1998, the operations were sold to Mercury Waste Solutions who currently

operates on site. Operations beginning in 1955 included receiving hazardous waste from off site;

storing this waste on site; reclaiming silver and other precious metals; and reclaiming metallic

mercury from off-specification metallic mercury, mercury batteries and other mercury-bearing

wastes. The mercury was reclaimed using retort (condensation) furnaces at the facility. This

facility was a commercial hazardous waste facility because hazardous waste was received from

off-site for on-site storage. The 0.5-acre property was a “dumping area” covered with thousands

of battery casings at depths of at least 3 feet. Mercury Refining had a RCRA permit to store

mercury, and also had a Corrective Action permit. It received its RCRA B permit in December

1996; however, it expired in December 2001. Currently, the site serves as a facility for the

recovery of precious metals. This reclamation process is exempt from RCRA regulation.

As of September 30, 2004, cleanup costs amounted to $2,615,392.88.

Description of Contamination: Site operators dumped waste batteries behind an on-site

building until 1980. After 1980, these wastes were stored in drums or on wooden pallets on

pavement. USEPA required the operators to add a container storage facility rather than dumping

waste. Groundwater, sediments, and soils on site are contaminated with heavy metals not limited

to mercury, zinc, and lead. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination also exists.

A majority of the contamination at the site is due to two fires which occurred in September 1989

and April 1999. These fires caused mercury to mobilize into the environment, which caused

runoff into a nearby tributary of the Hudson River. Additionally, atmospheric deposition of

mercury is an issue in the on-site buildings. The company failed to comply with the New York

State Department of Environmental Conservation orders and corrective action permits, leading to

USEPA intervention in 1999. USEPA cannot excavate to remove all the mercury because of a

railroad track that runs near the site. Studies are being performed by Mississippi State University

to explore the use of electro-kinetics to assist in site cleanup.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2- Superfund. “Mercury Refining Company, Inc.” February 2004. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/waste/fsmereco.pdf
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224

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 19 January

2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Mercury Waste Solutions.”

RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=NYD048148175

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Mercury Refining.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0201552

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Mercury Refining, Inc.” (n.d.) 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/superfund/npl/0201552c.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Mercury Refining, Inc.” 8 September 1983. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0201552.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Tom Taccone (RPM), (212) 637-4281
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Site Information

Site Name: Revere Smelting and Refining Corporation of NJ

EPA ID No.: NYD030485288

Address: 65 Ballard Road, Middletown, NY 10941

County Orange

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Revere Smelting and Refining

Corporation of NJ (Revere), a subsidiary of Eco-Bat NY, LLC, recycles batteries. The site is

still in operation. The 55-acre Revere site is located in a rural area, with about one-third of the

site used for recycling operations. Revere receives and dismantles used batteries. Dismantled

batteries and other wastes are stored in a containment building. Lead-bearing materials are

refined on site in a high temperature smelter. Contamination occurred post-RCRA, and it is

possible that contamination may be occurring presently.

A 1995 court ruling noted that Revere had filed staff letters of credit with the New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation in the amount of $3,669,665. This facility received

a RCRA permit on July 28, 1995.

Description of Contamination: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, lead slag, battery pieces, and

other lead-bearing wastes were buried on site by Revere. Battery dismantling activities leaked

acid into soil and groundwater, leaching lead from these buried wastes into the groundwater.

Lead-contaminated fill reaches depths of 20 feet in parts of the Revere site. Other on-site

contaminants include cadmium, antimony, and arsenic. In total, approximately 100,000 cubic

yards of soil was contaminated. Remediation of site soil and groundwater is underway.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 2-Waste. “Hazardous Waste Cleanup Site Fact Sheet: Revere Smelting and

Refining Corporation of NJ.” November 2003. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/waste/fsrevere.pdf

New York Department of Environmental Conservation. “Revere Smelting and Refining Corp

Ruling June 20, 1995.” 20 June 1995. 19 January 2006.

http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/ohms/decis/reverer.htm

Stein, Carol (EPA Region 2) (212) 637-4181, Interview. 17 November 2005.

USEPA. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. “Documentation of Environmental Indicator

Determination: Revere Smelting and Refining Corporation.” 30 September 2004. 19

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/Region2/waste/rever725.pdf

USEPA. “Revere Smelting & Refining Corporation.” RCRAInfo. 20 July 2001.
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https://rtnccisland.rtpnc.epa.gov/rcrainfo/permitting/PMT_series_upd.asp?msg_seriesseq

=1

Additional Contacts:

Paul Patel (NYSDEC Case Manager), (518) 402-8594, appatel@gw.dec.state.ny.us

Keith Gronwald (NYSDEC Case Manager), (518) 402-8594, khgronwald@gw.dec.state.ny.us
Appendix 2

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Site Information

Site Name: Battery Tech (Duracell-Lexington)

EPA ID No.: NCD000648402

Address: 305 New Highway 64 E, Lexington, NC 27292

County: Davidson

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0402542

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This 27.5-acre battery manufacturing

facility that is currently owned and operated by the Gillette Company, corporate owner of

Duracell. The site began operating in the 1950s. Previous owners/operators at the site, including

P.R. Mallory and Duracell, manufactured mercuric oxide batteries, as well as dry cells for

commercial and industrial use. Over the years, several plant operations have been added to the

site to expand production. The operating facility consists of three main buildings. Plant #1 is a

battery cell assembly operation where chemicals are mixed and laced into containers to make

batteries. Plant #2 was the building where mercuric oxide was formulated from 1977 to 1986.

Mercury reclamation operations also took place on the east side of this plant from 1977 to 1986.

Plant #2 was demolished and removed from the site in 1995. Plant #3 was purchased in 1976

and is utilized for testing, packaging, shipping, and receiving. Building #4 was built in 1981 to

house the mercury reclamation furnace. This building is now used to temporarily store hazardous

waste and house the wastewater treatment system. Although the facility did have a mercury

reclamation process, it is believed that it did not receive any non-process materials for recycling.

There has been one RCRA inspection performed at this site in the past 3 years, completed in

January 2005. Battery Tech has been in RCRA non-compliance for 6 of the past 12 quarters.

There was one formal RCRA enforcement in October 2004 and a formal RCRA action taken

against it in July 2004.

This site is subject to two CERCLA Unilateral Administrative Orders (UAOs) for RD/RA for

each operable unit (soils/groundwater). Gillette has completed the soil remediation and the

groundwater pump-and-treat system. Whether to convert the two UAO’s into Consent Decrees

is under discussion. Contamination occurred at this site until 1986.

This facility did not hold a RCRA Part B permit.

Description of Contamination: Site operations, including recycling hazardous waste such as

mercury reclamation, resulted in extensive mercury and manganese contamination in the soil and

groundwater at the site. Contamination, however, likely occurred between the mid-1970s

through the mid 1980's. One source of mercury contamination in the soil involved past

operations in the area of Plant #2. Another source of mercury contamination in the soil resulted

from spillage while transporting the mercuric oxide from Plant #2 to Plant #1. Leaching of the

mercury to the soil into the groundwater resulted in mercury groundwater contamination.

Mercury is present in on-site ground water at levels significantly higher than both state and

federal drinking water standards.
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Sources of Information:

Black, Trevor C. (Associate Regional Counsel) (404) 562-9581, Interview. 21 November 2005

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 31 October

2005.

USEPA. “Battery Tech (Duracell-Lexington).” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0402542

USEPA. “Duracell GBMG.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000604187

USEPA. “Duracell GBMG.” Enforcement & Compliance History Online. 8 December 2005. 19

January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/get1cReport.cgi?tool=echo&IDNumber=110000604187

USEPA. “Duracell.” RCRAInfo. 29 September 2005. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Battery Tech (Duracell-Lexington).” 29

September 2005. 19 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/superrods/index.cfm?fuseaction=data.siterods&siteid=0402542

Additional Contacts:

Steve H. Barron (Contact/Regulatory/RCRA), (336) 242-6000

Trevor C. Black (Associate Regional Counsel), (404) 562-9581
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Site Information

Site Name: Nucor Corporation, Inc.

EPA ID No.:

Address: headquartered in Charlotte, NC

County:

NPL Site:

In CERCLIS Database:

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Nucor Corporation, Inc. (Nucor) will

spend nearly $100 million to settle an environmental suit, under an agreement reached December

19, 2000, with the Justice Department and USEPA. The suit alleged that Nucor failed to control

the amount of pollution released from its steel factories in seven states. This is the largest and

most comprehensive environmental settlement ever with a steel manufacturer.

The settlement, filed in U.S. District Court in Florence, SC, requires Nucor to undertake broad

environmental improvements at its 14 facilities in Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Nebraska, South

Carolina, Texas and Utah. The settlement terms are as follows: Nucor will pay a civil penalty of

$9 million; and $85 million will be spent on injunction relief. Nucor will pilot air pollution

control technologies for control of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from its electric arc and

reheat furnaces. This control technology should set a new standard for NOx control in the steel

industry. Nucor will also conduct sampling of groundwater and soil at all facilities; conduct

sampling of stormwater at all “mini-mills,” which produce steel by melting scrap metal in large

electric arc furnaces; identify areas of contamination and clean up that contamination in

accordance with a USEPA- or state-approved plan for each facility; implement enhancements to

its environmental management of electric arc furnace dust, process waster, and storm water to

ensure continued compliance with hazardous waste laws and Clean Water Act requirements; and

lastly complete all filings under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of

1986. Nucor will conduct extensive environmental audits to discover and correct any remaining

environmental problems, as well as put in place a corporate-wide environmental management

system to prevent future violations. $4 million will be spent on additional environmental

projects, $2 million for community-based supplemental environmental projects. Also, $2 million

will be spent for the installation of state-of-the-art continuous air emission monitoring (CEM)

equipment at Nucor’s minimills that will monitor continuously to ensure that the company

complies with emission limits for NOx and sulfur oxides. The installation of CEM equipment is

not required by law, and will add significantly to USEPA’s understanding of emissions at Nucor

facilities and throughout the steel industry. Under the second settlement term, Nucor will

improve its methods for the K061 dust it generates by sampling groundwater and soil at each of

its factories, identify those areas that are contaminated with K061 dust, and clean them up under

a USEPA- or state-approved plan.

Only a small portion of the $100 million settlement pertains directly to recycling operations (the

exact amount is unclear). The agreement covers eight Nucor mini-mills and six steel fabrication

plants, where the final molding and painting of steel products occurs. The settlement resolves

allegations, contained in a federal complaint filed along with the agreement, that Nucor violated
Appendix 2

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230

environmental standards that regulate the release of pollutants into the air, water, and soil. In

addition, the complaint alleges that Nucor mismanaged K061 dust, a hazardous waste produced

by the steel furnaces.

Description of Contamination: Nucor processed ferrous scrap metals, some of which contained

hazardous contaminants. The recycling process created K061 dust that contained lead and

cadmium. This dust was disposed of improperly at eight Nucor factories, resulting in

contaminated soil and groundwater. The dust also was discharged illegally through wastewater

and storm water. These actions violated several environmental laws, including RCRA.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Nucor Corporation, Inc. Multimedia Settlement.” 16 March 2005. 25 January 2005.

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/cases/civil/mm/nucor.html

USEPA. “Nucor Corporation, Inc. Civil Judicial Settlement Fact Sheet.” 19 December 2000. 19

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/cases/civil/mm/nucorfs.pdf

USEPA. “U.S. Reaches Environmental Settlement with Steel Manufacturer Nucor.”19 December

2000. 19 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/016bcfb1deb9fecd85256aca005d74df/9eb593c

7e2c54803852569ba006165a8?OpenDocument
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231

Site Information

Site Name: American Recycling Company

EPA ID No.: OHD000720110

Address: 3203 W. 71st St., Cleveland, OH 44102

County: Cuyahoga

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: American Recycling Company was a

mercury lamp and metal reclamation site. It accepted fluorescent lamps, computers, and light

ballasts for recycling. The fluorescent bulbs were crushed and the waste streams separated except

for the mercury component, which was mostly stockpiled on-site.

Description of Contamination: The facility went out of business, leaving behind hundreds of

drums of PCB wastes. The materials were abandoned in 2001. The owner of the property is

being held responsible for the cleanup. There is no known soil or groundwater contamination at

the site.

Sources of Information:

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.

USEPA. “American Recycling Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 22 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110004585299

Additional Contacts:

Drew Koler, (216) 281-9200

Karen Hale (Ohio EPA), (614) 644-2927, karen.hale@epa.state.oh.us.
Appendix 2

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232

Site Information

Site Name: Century 21 Paints

EPA ID No.: OHD051413078

Address: 166 South Meridian Road, Austintown, OH 44515

County: Mahoning

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0504361

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Century 21 Paints was a paint retailer,

reformulator, and distributor. It accepted unused paint wastes to recycle or rework.

Description of Contamination: On August 9, 1998, a major fire occurred at the site. More than

100,000 paint containers and numerous pallets of asphalt shingles were damaged in the blaze.

Paint was also found buried on site. On August 17, 1998, EPA Region 5 and Ohio

Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) began cleanup at the site. The soil at the site was

contaminated. In July 2001, Century 21 Paint was required to pay $120,000 to the Hazardous

Substance Superfund for recovery of past response costs at the site.

Sources of Information:

Federal Register (Volume 66, Number 140) Page 37963. “Proposed CERCLA Administrative

Cost Recovery Settlement; Budd Brothers, d/b/a Century 21 Paint, Inc.” 20 July 2001. 25

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/2001/July/Day-20/f18192.htm

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.

USEPA. “Century 21 Paint.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0504361

USEPA. “Century 21 Paint.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. 18 January 2006. 18 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110006427919

USEPA. “US EPA Region 5 1998 News Releases.” 1998. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/news/1998news_release_archive.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Joseph Freddle (OSC), (440) 250-1740

Leo Rosales (EPA), (312) 353-6198

Jennifer Peterson (Ohio EPA), (614) 644-2160

Karen Hale (Ohio EPA), (614) 644-2927, karen.hale@epa.state.oh.us.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

233

Site Information

Site Name: Columbus Steel Drum Company

EPA ID No.: OHD004291654

Address: 1385 Blatt Boulevard, Blacklick, OH 43230

County: Franklin

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Columbus Steel Drum Company,

Inc. began operations in 1955, and its name changed to the Franklin Steel Company in 1979. The

facility was built in 1970. Evans Industries operated the facility from 1997 through the end of

2002, when Queen City Barrel Company leased the site. The facility is currently operated by

Queen City Barrel, which is doing business as Columbus Steel Drum. The 18-acre facility

reconditions used 55-gallon drums for resale. Closed head drums were placed on a conveyor belt

and transported to the process building. In the process building, the drums were cleaned with a

hot caustic solution, rinsed, shot blasted to remove the old paint, and then repainted. Open head

drums were turned upside down before they entered the oxidizer to drain any liquids. The

oxidizer (furnace) burned off any residual material remaining in the drum. The open head drums

were then sent into the process building for caustic rinse, shot blasting, and repainting.

The site does not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: The soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater showed

elevated levels of many metals, as well as semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and volatile

organic compounds (VOCs). Franklin Steel processed approximately 4,000 to 6,000 closed-head

and open-head drums per day. Prior to 1986, when drum inventory was at its peak,

approximately 450,000 "RCRA empty" (less then one inch of liquid) drums were being stored at

the site. At that time, approximately 38 acres, consisting of two separate 10-acre drum storage

areas and the main 18-acre processing/drum storage area, were being used by Franklin Steel for

drum storage and processing. Since 1988, only the main 18-acre drum processing facility has

been used for the drum reconditioning operations. Currently, approximately 50,000 empty drums

are being stored on site.

In February 1980, there was a spill of 15,000 to 20,000 gallons of hazardous waste sludge from

Franklin Steel's caustic clarifier, which was caused by an overflow of the system. The released

sludge entered the Blacklick Creek drainage system. Sediment and surface water samples taken

in March 1980 revealed cadmium, chromium, lead, zinc, and phenol. Sampling of the stormwater

holding pond by Ohio EPA in December 1985 indicated elevated levels of various VOCs,

SVOCs, and elevated levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, and lead.

Testing was completed in October 1998. The soil was contaminated with many metals including

arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead, as well as SVOCs and VOCs. The groundwater had

elevated levels of numerous metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, chromium, and lead,

SVOCs, and VOCs. Surface water and sediment were also contaminated.
Appendix 2

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234

More recently, in June 2005, the Ohio EPA proposed a consent order to address environmental

violations at Columbus Steel. These violations include creating a public nuisance through

odorous air emissions; exceeding emission limits for several pollutants; failing to obtain several

air permits and install required air pollution control measures, storing hazardous waste without a

permit; failing to identify hazardous waste and shipping hazardous waste to a landfill not

permitted to accept it; and polluting waters through storm water runoff from the facility. The

proposed consent order, issued June 2, 2005, includes a total civil penalty of $500,000. In 1993,

under RCRA, Columbus Steel Drum was forced to pay $28,100.

Sources of Information:

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. “Division of Emergency and Remedial Response Site

Cleanup Summary Columbus Steel Drum Co., Inc. July 2004. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/cdo/colssteeldrm.htm

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. “Ohio EPA Seeks Comments on Proposed Consent

Order with Columbus Steel Drum.” 2 June 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/pic/nr/2005/june/columbussteeldrum.html

USEPA. “Penalty Report for Fiscal year 1993 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.” 1993.

18 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region5/orc/annualreports/1993/pen_93_rcra.htm

USEPA. “Columbus Steel Drum.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0506149

USEPA. “Ohio Petition Review Public Meeting.” 13 November 2001. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/ohioreview/pdf/2001Nov13-pubmtg-PalermoRmevening.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Columbus Steel Drum.” RCRAInfo.

6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OHD004291654

Additional Contacts:

Jim Leach, (614) 644-2160

Kevin Johnson, (614) 644-2160

David O’Toole (Ohio EPA), (614) 728-5040
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

235

Site Information

Site Name: County Line Auto Parts (Imthurn Drum Site)

EPA ID No.: RCRAInfo: OHR000022327, CERCLIS: OH0001887454

Address: 585 The Bend Rd., Ney, OH 43549

County: Defiance

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0507704

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: County Line Auto Parts, also known as

Imthurn Drum Site, was a salvage yard recovering drums that was located at an abandoned

school. The company also accepted spent solvents that were burned in the school boilers.

Imthurn Drum Site, owned by Ellis Imthurn who is now deceased, never had a RCRA permit and

never obtained permits of any kind to transport, store, or dispose hazardous waste. Beginning in

1977 and continuing until at least 1991, a Campbell Soup Company food production plant sold

or provided Imthurn with 55-gallon drums of waste material, some of which Imthurn used as

fuel.

Description of Contamination: Contamination at the site results from the 1,500 leaking drums

of solvents, waste oil, and sludge that are stored on site. On January 23, 1997, Ohio EPA and

USEPA conducted a preliminary assessment at the Imthurn facility. The agencies discovered

approximately 1,500 deteriorating 55-gallon drums of hazardous waste. In 1996 and 1997,

Campbell removed the drums and some of the contaminated soil under an enforcement order

from USEPA. Ohio EPA determined that Campbell failed to evaluate the waste generated at the

Napoleon facility; ensure that hazardous waste generated at the Napoleon facility was delivered

to a permitted treatment, storage, or disposal facility; notify USEPA of hazardous waste fuel

activities; and comply with Ohio law. The company also violated Ohio regulations by marketing

hazardous waste fuel directly to a burner without obtaining permission.

In 2001, Campbell Soup Company and Campbell Soup Supply Company agreed to pay a civil

penalty of $67,000. They also agreed to reimburse Ohio EPA $37,571.50 for costs the Agency

incurred for hazardous waste violations related to the Imthurn drum site. In addition to paying

the civil penalty, Campbell must secure the site to ensure that no further dumping takes place;

evaluate ground water to ensure no contamination has occurred; and submit and implement an

acceptable hazardous waste closure plan.

In order to return the property to residential use, a portion of the civil penalty payment will be

used by the Campbell companies to clean up solid waste at the Imthurn facility. Campbell may

apply up to $22,000 of the civil penalty to remove and properly dispose of all solid waste on site.

The remaining $45,000 will go to Ohio EPA's hazardous waste cleanup fund.

Sources of Information:

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.
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236

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. “Ohio EPA reaches $104,571.50 Settlement With

Campbell Soup Company and Campbell Soup Supply Company for Hazardous Waste

Violations.” 23 October 2001. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/pic/nr/2001/oct/campbell.html

USEPA. “County Line Auto Parts.” RCRA Info. 10 October 2003. 18 January 2006.

USEPA. “Imthurn Drum Site.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0507704

USEPA. “County Line Auto Parts.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 22 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000816190

Additional Contacts:

Partap Lall (OSC), (734) 692-7685

Michael Maringer (Contact/Regulatory), (419) 592-1010

Karen Hale (Ohio EPA),(614) 644-2927, karen.hale@epa.state.oh.us.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

237

Site Information

Site Name: Environmental Processing Services

EPA ID No.: OHD000608588

Address: 416 Leo St, Dayton, OH 45404

County: Montgomery

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Environmental Processing Services was

a solvent recycler and fuel blender. The facility is out of business. The site never had a RCRA

permit.

Description of Contamination: Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Environmental

damage occurred from the 1980s into the early 90s by storage prior to recycling. Waste was

stored in an onsite parking lot (unpermitted unit) because waste was determined upon receipt to

be not amenable for recycle. Seven hundred drums of waste were stored for an extended period

of time in the parking lot while an alternative management method was determined. Leakage

occurred during the time the drums were stored in the lot.

Sources of Information:

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.

USEPA. “Environmental Processing Services.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 22 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000616735

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Environmental Processing

Services.” RCRA Info. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OHD000608588

Additional Contacts:

Karen Hale (Ohio EPA), (614) 644-2927, karen.hale@epa.state.oh.us.

William Cernatic (Contact/Regulatory), (513) 222-1062
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

238

Site Information

Site Name: Master Metals Inc.

EPA ID No.: ODH097613871

Address: 2850 West 3rd St., Cleveland, OH 44113

County: Cuyahoga

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0504506

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Master Metals was a secondary and

refining smelting facility of nonferrous metals that accepted lead dross, lead acid batteries, scrap

and baghouse dust. NL Lead Industries Inc. operated the facility from 1933 until 1979. Master

Metals Inc. bought the facility and continued operations until 1993 when Ohio EPA shut the

facility down after a long history of air quality and other violations. The site did not have a

RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Contamination is due to storing wastes in piles on the ground.

Lead contamination was found in site soil as well as in a residential neighborhood where the

residences had contracted with Master Metals for fill dirt. This contamination occurred in the

early 1990s. As of September 2004, cleanup expenditures at this site amounted to $309,300.98.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004.

20 January 2006.

USEPA. “Final Cleanup Begins at Master Metals Site.” EPA Region 5. 24 March 2003. 22

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/Region5/news/news03/03opa043.htm

USEPA. “Master Metals Incorporation.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0504506

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Master Metals Inc.” RCRA Info. 6

June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OHD097613871

Additional Contacts:

Bri Bill (CIC), (312) 353-6646

Robert Buckley (OSC), (734) 692-7662

Rosanne Ellison (OSC), (734) 692-7689

Gwenn Massenburg (RPM), (312) 886-0983
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

239

Site Information

Site Name: Midwest Guardian

EPA ID No.: ODH048782049

Address: 100 Keller Drive, Wapakoneta, OH 45895

County: Auglaize

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Midwest Guardian was a lead acid

battery reclamation facility that released lead-laden battery acid from the storage of lead acid

batteries in tractor trailers and from chipped battery casings stored in containers. Chipped

battery casings also littered the parking lot. The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Contamination of the site occurred in the mid-1990s. The Ohio

EPA has recently approved a Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) for Midwest Guardian, but they

have not started the work so the extent of contamination is presently unknown.

In 2001, the owner settled with the state and agreed to pay a $30,557 penalty for violating Ohio

hazardous waste laws. In December 2005, the site was reassessed by USEPA under the

CERCLA program and given a No Further Action determination.

Sources of Information:

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.

Ohio EPA. “Midwest Guardian Agrees to $30,557 Penalty for Violating Ohio's Hazardous

Waste Laws.” 31 August 2000. 20 October 2006.

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/pic/nr/2000/august/mwguard.html

USEPA. “Midwest Guardian Inc.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/cactinfo.cfm?id=0506948

USEPA. “Midwest Guardian Inc.” RCRA Info. 15 September 2000. 18 January 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Donald E. Miller Jr., (419) 738-8185

Karen Hale (Ohio EPA), (614) 644-2927, karen.hale@epa.state.oh.us.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

240

Site Information

Site Name: ONARP Inc.(Mel’s Battery)

EPA ID No.: ODH980995963

Address: 459 N. Main St., Lima, OH 45801

County: Allen

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Mel’s Battery was a lead acid battery

recycling facility that is no longer in operation. Lead-laden battery acid, as well as spent acid

resulting from drum washing, has contaminated the site. The company was ordered to complete

closure per director’s Findings and Orders but never did. USEPA issued the company a

§3008(h) order to clean up site and again, the company did nothing. Although the dates of

operation are unknown, the first enforcement was 1987. The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: The soils and flooring in site buildings are contaminated with

high levels of lead.

Sources of Information:

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.

USEPA. “Injunctive Relief 1993.” EPA Region 5. 1993. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg5oorc/annualreports/1993/ir93.htm

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Onarp Inc.” RCRA Info. 6 June

2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OHD980995963

Additional Contacts:

Karen Hale (Ohio EPA), (614) 644-2927, karen.hale@epa.state.oh.us.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

241

Site Information

Site Name: Queen City Barrel Co.

EPA ID No.: OHD004477634

Address: 1937 South Street, Cincinnati, OH 45204

County: Hamilton

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 505978

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Queen City Barrel Emergency

Response site consists of a 400,000-square-foot warehouse commonly referred to as the "Lawson

Building." E. Paul Corporation owns the Lawson Building. Queen City Barrel Company (QCB)

owns a container reconditioning facility that adjoins the Lawson Building to the north and west.

Since at least 1998, QCB has leased the Lawson Building and used it for drum and container

storage, fiber drum reconditioning, and equipment and maintenance storage. Since at least 1998,

a portion of the Lawson Building has also been leased to a wooden pallet reconditioner, C&H

Pallet Company. In March 1984, the site was issued a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: On August 19, 2004, at approximately 6:30 p.m., a fire ignited

in the Lawson Building. At the time of the fire, the warehouse contained thousands of fiber,

plastic, and metal drums and other containers. The following chemicals were detected in the

Whateley Street smoke plume: acetone, 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone), tetrahydrofuran,

heptane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and xylene. Drums were noted to be burned,

partially burned, and in varying stages of deterioration due to the fire, which was still

smoldering. Drums were observed within the fire area, as well as in other parts of the building

that were immediately adjacent to the fire areas. Drums were stacked three high in several areas

of the building's upper level. As of March 25, 2005, approximately 28,436 empty drums have

been removed from the drum storage building. A total of 12,971 drums containing liquid and

solid wastes were staged, sampled, and hazard categorized for off-site disposal.

In addition, in February 2004, Ohio EPA reached a settlement with Queen City Barrel Co. for

violating air pollution control regulations at its drum reconditioning facility. The company

agreed to pay a $26,625 civil penalty and shut down a coating line that will result in the

reduction of 1.6 tons per year of volatile organic compounds to the air. Between October 30,

2000, and August 13, 2002, HCDES inspectors documented that Queen City Barrel failed to

conduct air emissions tests on time or file adequate paperwork to document the effectiveness of

the company's pollution control devices. On October 25, 2002, the company submitted

paperwork documenting times that complete air pollution control equipment records were not

kept. On October 22, 2003, HCDES investigated an odor complaint in the Lower Price Hill area.

The inspection determined that Queen City Barrel was operating an unpermitted steel drum

coating line. In addition to paying the fine, Queen City Barrel agreed to stop operating the

exterior drum coating line that was the source of the October 2003 odor complaint and conduct

tests of the emissions control devices in the presence of HCDES staff. The company has since

tested its air emissions and is in compliance with all applicable air laws and regulations.
Appendix 2

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242

Sources of Information:

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. “Cincinnati Company Agrees to Pay $26,625 for Air

Pollution Violations; Will Stop One Painting Operation.” 20 February 2004. 22 January

2006. http://www.epa.state.oh.us/pic/nr/2004/february/qcb.html

USEPA. “Queen City Barrel.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0505978

USEPA. “Queen City Barrel.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.) 22 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/queencitybarrel

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Queen City Barrel.” RCRA Info. 6

June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OHD004477634

USEPA. “Reports of Significant Developments and Activities Ending on September 10, 2004.”

EPA Region 5. 17 September 2004. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5superfund/significant_actions/2004/040910.txt

Additional Contacts:

Steven Renninger (OSC) (513) 569-7539 renninger.steven@epa.gov

An additional list of contacts can be found at the following link:

http://www.epaosc.net/contact_list.asp?site_id=R5ZZ
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

243

Site Information

Site Name: River Recycling Industries, Inc.

EPA ID No.: OHD004187035

Address: 4195 Bradley Road, Cleveland, OH 44109

County: Cuyahoga

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The facility was originally developed in

the later half of the 1800s as a copper refinery and then converted to a brickworks. River

Recycling Industries (RRI) purchased the facility in 1919 and currently acts as an intermediate

dealer of copper alloys. Scrap metals from the plumbing, marine, bearings, electric, automotive,

and locomotive industries, as well as from scrap dealers, provide the raw materials for the

operation. The materials are combined, melted, and formed into ingots, which are shipped to

customers as final products. The slag from the smelting operations is sold to other smelters for

further refining. RRI also manufactures resin-coated sand used to make industrial cores and

molds for the metal castings industries.

The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: In 2000, it was found that groundwater was contaminated with

aluminum, arsenic, lead and mercury and soil was contaminated with arsenic, lead, and zinc.

Sources of Information:

Ohio EPA. “Ohio GPRA Corrective Action Universe Environmental Indicators Status.” 1 March

2005. 19 January 2005.

http://www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/cars/caindicators/ohca_tables.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for River Recycling Industries Inc.”

RCRA Info. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OHD004187035

USEPA. “River Recycling Industries Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000616913

USEPA. “Statement of Basis for the Selection of Corrective Measures for the River Recycling

Industries Facility Cleveland, Ohio 004 187 035.”

http://www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/permits/mr_RiverRecyclingSOB.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Todd Gmitro (Corrective Action Project Manager), (312) 886-5909, gmitro.todd@epa.gov
Appendix 2

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244

Site Information:

Site Name: Safety-Kleen (Hebron)

EPA ID No.: OHD980587364

Address: 581 Milliken Drive SE, Hebron, OH 43025

County: Licking

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Safety-Kleen has been in operation

since July 1981 as a large solvent reclamation facility recycling mineral spirits, dry cleaning

solvents, paint and lacquer solvents, and other organic solvents. The spent solvents are stored in

tanks and containers prior to the recycling process and then reclaimed using distillation and

fractionating process equipment. Dry cleaning process wastes, spent industrial solvents, and

mineral spirits dumpster mud are brought to the facility and the solvents are recovered for reuse

through the Safety-Therm process. The solid residues generated during the recycling process are

transported off site for proper disposal. The facility has a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: The site has extensive soil, surface water, and ground water

contamination. Due to a mechanical malfunction of a heat band, a fire occurred in the

aboveground storage tank farm in November 1985. The tank farm was destroyed and a release

of unknown quantities of spent and reclaimed solvent to soil, surface water and ground water

occurred.

In September 2002, USEPA Region 5 reached agreement with Safety-Kleen Systems Inc. for

violations of federal hazardous waste rules at its Hebron, Ohio, facility. The company admitted

the violations and agreed to pay a $945,018 penalty on approval by the bankruptcy court. The

violations, which occurred between Sept. 1, 1996, and Feb. 28, 2000, were failure to properly

operate air emissions equipment on recycling machinery and failure to monitor pumps for air

emissions regulated under RCRA.

Sources of Information:

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.

Ohio EPA. “Ohio EPA to Hold Hearing on a Draft Permit for Safety-Kleen Corporation.” 5 May

1998. 18 January 2006. http://www.epa.state.oh.us/pic/nr/1998/may/safeklee.html

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Systems Inc.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. 18 January 2006. 18 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000381471

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Safety Kleen Systems Inc.” RCRA

Info. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OHD980587364
Appendix 2

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245

USEPA. “EPA Settles with Safety-Kleen on Hazardous Waste Violations; Includes $945,018

Fine.” 25 September 2002. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/news/news02/02opa129.htm

USEPA. “Statement of Basis/Final Decision and Response to Comments Summary – SafetyKleen Corporation Recycle Center Facility.” 14 July 1998. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/sbs2/pdfs/oh7364.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Andy Lonzo (Safety Kleen), (740) 929-3532

Jim Leach, (614) 728-0041

Kim Reinbold (Ohio EPA Hazardous Waste Management), (614) 728-3887

Karen Hale (Ohio EPA), (614) 644-2927, karen.hale@epa.state.oh.us

Sirtaj Ahmed (EPA Project Coordinator), (312) 886-4445, ahmed.sirtaj@epamail.epa.gov
Appendix 2

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Site Information:

Site Name: Sentco Paints

EPA ID No.: OHD981094212

Address: 1301 N Meridian Road, Youngstown, OH 44511

County: Mahoning

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Sentco Paints was a manufacturer and

wholesale distributor of paint and asphalt products. The facility accepted unused paint to recycle

or rework into their products.

Description of Contamination: There is soil contamination as a result of activities that took

place in the 1980s. Paint was found stored in leaking drums, buried under a loading dock, and

open burned, and drums of paint started showing up in dumpsters around town. Roland

Brothers, President of Sentco, Rick Brothers, Plant Manager, and Donald Cole, a company

employee, pled guilty in June 1992 to illegal disposal of hazardous waste for burying 56 drums

of paint waste under a cement loading dock at the site. The guilty pleas resulted in sentences of

15 months incarceration for Roland Brothers, 18 months incarceration for Rick Brothers, and 6

months home detention for Donald Cole. On March 17, 1994, Sentco Paint Manufacturing

Company, Inc. was sentenced to 3 years probation and an $8,000 fine for its part in violating

RCRA through the illegal disposal of hazardous wastes.

Sources of Information:

Hale, Karen (Ohio EPA). Email correspondence to David Fagan (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

24 June 2005.

USEPA. “FY 1994 Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Accomplishments Report.” p. A-84.

(n.d.) 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/reports/planning/results/fy94accomplishment.

pdf

Additional Contacts:

David Taliaferro (Region 5)
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Ohio

247

Site Information

Site Name: Smith Chemical

EPA ID No.: OHN000509086

Address: 1221 3rd Street N.E., Canton, OH

County: Stark

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0509086

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site includes a four-story brick

building with a basement, a parking lot, and the surrounding property. The Smith Chemical

Corporation was founded by George and John Smith and began operations in January 1976. The

company performed chemical manufacturing; custom chemical blending, packaging and

brokerage; and chemical distribution to customers in Ohio and the five contiguous states. The

company's markets included chemical manufacturers, steel manufacturers, oil and gas producers,

oil refiners, drillers and service companies, metal plating, and publicly owned treatment works

(POTWs). The company received molten sulfur in bulk tank trucks and converted it into various

solid forms, as required by its customers in the steel industry. In addition, the company

performed chlorination of spent hydrochloric acid pickle liquor (SPL) and subsequently sold the

resulting product (ferric chloride) as a treatment chemical for phosphate removal from

wastewater at POTWs. The company also offered leased space in its Canton warehouse to other

businesses. On May 18, 1993, Smith Chemical Corporation filed a petition pursuant to Chapter

7 bankruptcy. Service Chem of Ohio (SCO) began operating at the site in 1994 and reportedly

ceased operations in November 2001. SCO was owned and operated by the same individuals

who owned and operated Smith Chemical Corporation. The current site owner purchased the

property for $5 on December 18, 2002, at the County Auditor's Auction (Forfeited Land Sale).

Reportedly the current owner planned to donate the property to a local charity for demolition and

redevelopment into affordable, single-family dwellings.

Description of Contamination: In September 2003, nearly 800 drums and smaller containers

were observed at the site. Corrosive and flammable materials were present on the site as well as

large pools of spilled liquid in the basement and first floor. In addition, containers in the on-site

laboratory that contain hazardous substances were small enough to be easily manipulated or

transported off site. Based on laboratory analyses, container labels, and the facility historical

chemical inventory records, hazardous substances existed on site and were contained in 55-

gallon drums and smaller containers in varying conditions.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Enforcement Action Summary Fiscal Year 2004 Comprehensive Environmental

Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).” (n.d.) 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/orc/enfactions/enfactions2004/law-cercla.htm#freeman

USEPA. “Memorandum: Reports on Significant Developments and Activities Ending on May 7,

2004.” 7 May 2004. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/significant_actions/2004/040507.txt
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248

USEPA. “Smith Chemical.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0509086

USEPA. “Smith Chemical Freeman Environmental PRP.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d).

18 January 2006. http://www.epaosc.net/site_profile.asp?site_id=B58F(V-W-04-C779

Additional Contacts:

Reginald Pallesen (EPA), 312-886-0555

James Augustyn (OSC), (440) 250-1742, augustyn.james@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Oklahoma

249

Site Information

Site Name: Chief Supply/Greenway Environmental

EPA ID No.: CERCLIS: OK0000605385, RCRAInfo: OKD089761290

Address: Rt. 2 Box 71, Haskell, OK 74436

County: Wagoner

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0605385

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The 18-acre site is an inactive RCRA

treatment, storage, and recycling facility that operated from 1977 to 2000. A RCRA Permit was

issued in February 1994 after the first permit, which was issued in October 1984, expired in

October 1989. The site originally operated under the name of Chief Chemical and Supply

Company until 1997 when it closed following an explosion at the facility caused by mixing

incompatible chemicals. The site also declared bankruptcy at that time. The site re-opened

under the name of Greenway Environmental in 1998 and continued operations until the facility

was abandoned sometime in 2000 when it could not obtain RCRA permits. The facility currently

has several vacant office trailers, a shop building, a large main processing building, two above

ground storage tanks (reactors), 2 sheet metal buildings, 14 empty tanks, 4 18-wheeler trailers, 3

Roll-Off boxes containing various wastes, and several drums, tanks and other debris in an open

field referred to as the "bone yard." Operations at the facility primarily included the treatment,

storage, and recycling of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Early operations at the site

consisted of solvent and oil recycling, hazardous waste storage, paint stripping, and drum

cleaning. Hazardous materials processed at the facility include petroleum-based solvents as well

as spent halogenated solvents, contaminated soil and debris. Prior to 1998, Chief Supply

reported receiving minor amounts of zinc phosphate, phosphoric acid, mercury, selenium, and

asbestos. Most of the wastes were stored in containers, roll-off boxes, and tank trucks. When

Greenway Environmental took over operations at the site, they took hazardous liquids, including

paint wastes and solvents, and blended them into fuel, which was transported out of state for use

in cement kilns and other industrial uses.

Description of Contamination: The 1997 fire, which killed an employee and heavily damaged

the facility, was the result of improper storage and mixture of wastes. Following the fire,

environmental samples detected chlorinated solvents, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene

contamination. In December 2003, the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality reached

a settlement with Frontier Insurance Company in Rehabilitation, Greenway’s financial assurance

provider, for a one-time $175,000 settlement. The money was used for waste removal at the site.

After the site was abandoned, there were numerous reports of break-ins at the site and as much as

33,000 gallons of hazardous waste remain onsite with many deteriorating containers holding

unknown contents. Some of the waste streams identified on the site in 2004 included organic

liquids, chlorinated liquids and sludge, trash, paint solids with mercury, and household and

pesticide aerosols.

Sources of Information:

Hailes, Cindy, (405) 702-5218, Interview. 7 December 2005.
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250

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. “The 2003 Land Report.” 10 January 2004. 18

January 2006. http://www.deq.state.ok.us/pubs/lpd/03lndrprt.pdf

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. “The 2004 Land Report.” 11 January 2005. 18

January 2006. http://www.deq.state.ok.us/mainlinks/reports/landreport04.pdf

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. “DEQ and EPA plan Greenway cleanup.” 19

March 2004. 18 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.ok.us/mainlinks/media/04news/march/Greenway.pdf

USEPA. “Chief Supply/Greenway.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605385

USEPA. “Chief Supply/Greenway.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. 21 June 2004. 18 January

2006. www.epaosc.net/greenway

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Greenway Environmental.” RCRA

Info. 6 June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=OKD089761290

USEPA. “Greenway Environmen/Haskell Pit.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 18 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110014424140

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action News A Record of Successes.” Spring 2000. 18 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/resource/newsltr/canews/news0600.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Philip Ofosu (SAM), (214) 665-3178

Susan Webster (OSC), (214) 665-6784

Rita Engblom (OSC), engblom.rita@epa.gov
Appendix 2

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251

Site Information

Site Name: Parawax Reclaiming, Inc.

EPA ID No.: OKD062270590

Address: 700 South Irving, Oklahoma City, OK 73160

County: Oklahoma

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0601121

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Parawax operated as a reclaimer of

oilfield wastes from 1942 until 1993. Parawax produced various oil and wax products from

crude oil exploration and production wastes accepted from local producers. Historically, the

crude oil exploration/production wastes were dehydrated using heat from an onsite boiler. Water

produced during dehydration was aerated by treatment lagoons. Historical documents indicate up

to five lagoons were used in the aeration treatment. Currently only one lagoon remains. Saltwater

recovered in the process was disposed of at the Baker-Townsend injection well approximately 1⁄4-

mile north-northeast of the site. The current operation was halted by State mandate for

environmental violations with orders to cleanup the facility. Insufficient resources were cited as

the reason the owner/operator did not observe this State direction. However, solids and wastes

had not been removed from the process for an extended time, and had accumulated to such an

extent that little capacity for further accumulation existed on site.

Description of Contamination: Contaminants include petroleum and polychlorinated biphenyls

(PCBs). Soil on site was contaminated with PCBs. USEPA discovered 26 above ground storage

tanks in poor condition. These tanks contained nearly 500,000 gallons of oil, oily water, and

sludge. Secondary containment berms (where they are present) were filled to near capacity with

leaked oily waste. In addition to removing these wastes, USEPA had to remove 25,000 cubic

yards of contaminated soils as well. Historical inspections conducted by the Oklahoma Water

Resource Board (OWRB) indicate oil spilled from the Parawax site reached the North Canadian

River. Offsite migration of oil was observed from piping on the southeastern fence boundary to

the railroad right of way, and draining towards the river.

USEPA, in cooperation with the US Coast Guard’s National Pollution Funds Center spent

approximately $2.5 million in federal resources to clean up the site (as of 2001). Cleanup was

completed by Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), USEPA, the Oklahoma

Corporation Commission, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the City of Oklahoma City, the US

Coast Guard, the Native American Cultural and Educational Authority, the Oklahoma

Department of Commerce and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

Sources of Information:

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. “Oklahoma Department of Environmental

Quality Annual Report.” 2001. 18 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.ok.us/mainlinks/AR2001/2001AR-6.pdf
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252

US Coast Guard Department of Homeland Security. “Year in Review FY2001-FY2002.”

National Pollution Funds Center. 2001-2002. 18 January 2006.

http://www.uscg.mil/hq/npfc/Documents/PDFs/year_in_review_01_02.pdf

USEPA. “Parawax Refinery.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0601121

USEPA. “Pollution Reports (Polreps).” 13 April 2001. 18 January 2006.

http://yosemite1.epa.gov/r6/polreps.nsf/0/4fcdffbf71f264ba86256bd500759c28?OpenDo

cument

USEPA. “Pollution Reports (Polreps).” 9 March 2001. 18 January 2006.

http://yosemite1.epa.gov/r6/polreps.nsf/0/cb609b4a768195ed86256bd50074d2b5?OpenD

ocument

USEPA Region 6. “State, Federal, Local and Tribal Agencies Partners in Cleanup Project.” 15

November 2001. 18 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b0789fb70f8ff03285257029006e3880/bb09f4f

c701020ac852570d6005e7dc1!OpenDocument

Additional Contacts:

James Mullins (OSC), (214) 665-2273

Philip Ofosu (SAM), (214) 665-3178

Susan Webster (OSC), (214) 665-6784

Rita R. Kottke (Oklahoma DEQ), (405) 702-5127
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253

Site Information:

Site Name: Baron Blakeslee

EPA ID No.: ORD061483384

Address: 5920 NE 87th Ave., Portland, OR 97220

County: Multnomah

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: Prior to 1972, the site was owned by

Ethyl Corporation and operated as a chlorinated solvent distribution center. From 1972 to 1993,

Baron Blakeslee operated as a permitted hazardous waste storage and solvent recycling business.

The facility recovered fluorinated and chlorinated solvents from waste liquids. In July 1991, the

site was issued a RCRA permit. When the facility ceased operations in 1993, Oregon

Department of Environmental Quality’s RCRA program managed the facility closure plan.

Description of Contamination: On-site soil and on-site and off-site groundwater contain

significant concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and chlorinated solvents.

Groundwater is the primary pathway of concern. The solvent constituents detected were acetone,

methylene chloride, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene. The

specific manner and times of release are not known; the source of contamination in general is

historical operating practices.

Sources of Information:

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “Environmental Cleanup Site Information (ECSI)

Database Site Summary Report – Details for Site ID 1274.” (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/ECSI/ecsidetail.asp?seqnbr=1274

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “Facility Summary Report.” 11 March 2004. 18

January 2006. http://deq12.deq.state.or.us/FP20/Fpdetail.aspx?SiteID=8918

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Baron Blakeslee.” RCRA Info. 6

June 2006. 20 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ORD061483384

USEPA. “Documentation of Environmental Indicator Determination RCRA Corrective Action.”

April 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup.nsf/0/35ab1c3dc0f9ce1788256e01006ae0e7/$FILE/

OR3384_042005.pdf

USEPA Region 9: Corrective Action. “Facility Environmental Indicators.” 3 October 2000. 18

January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/r9coract.nsf/0/3A3DFC41FE9920C988256AC500795F3D?Op

enDocument
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Additional Contacts:

Bill Robertson, (503) 229-6843 robertson.bill@deq.state.or.us
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255

Site Information:

Site Name: Bergsoe Metal Corporation

EPA ID No.: ORD991281460

Address: 444 Port Ave, St. Helens, OR 97051

County: Columbia

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: The Bergsoe Metal facility, a

secondary lead smelting facility, was constructed from 1980-1982. Operations started in April

1982 and ceased in October 1986 when BMC was placed in involuntary bankruptcy. During

plant operations the site had six main buildings, each dedicated to a specific function of the plant.

Also on site was a surge pond, the former slag and matte pile area, and employee parking areas.

The main process of the BMC plant was smelting and refining scrap lead to produce lead ingots

in the form of 60- to 65-pound pigs, 1,850-pound hogs, and other customized molds.

Batteries, battery plates, solder flux waste, and lead scrap were delivered to the plant and smelted

to produce elemental lead, which was further refined and alloyed. Used lead/acid batteries

brought in by semitrailers were processed through the battery dumper (before August 1984) or

battery wrecker (after August 1984). The resulting lead materials were staged in the silo

building, then mixed with other raw materials to create a furnace charge. Battery casing chips

were washed and sold for recycling. The battery acid was collected and sold as reusable material.

Crude lead from the furnace was refined in the refinery kettles. Refined lead was then sent to

casting machines and formed into ingots, which were sold to a variety of companies, mainly

battery manufacturers. Lead alloys were also produced to customer specifications. In addition to

scrap lead, a variety of chemicals and metals were used in the smelting and refining processes

including coke, millscale, iron oxide, shredded iron, lead dross, aluminum, antimony, arsenic,

cadmium, selenium, sodium metal, tin, caustic soda, iron pyrite, soda ash, sodium nitrite, sulphur

and ammonium chloride.

Bergsoe generated liquid and solid wastes throughout its operations. The facility's methods of

storage, treatment and disposal were consistent for the duration of plant operation. Liquids

included waste acid and acidic wash water. For the first few months of operation, waste acids

were disposed of at the hazardous waste landfill in Arlington, Oregon. After that they were sent

to Boise Cascade's St. Helens plant as usable material. Wash water generated inside the

buildings was recycled for reuse in a closed loop system. Heavily contaminated rinse water was

sprayed into one of the afterburners. Storm water was collected through a system of storm

drains, and piped to the on-site surge pond. Process water was not discharged to the pond.

Solids in the form of slag and matte were produced from the blast furnace, and were stored on

the slag pad north of the furnace building and east of the silo building. Excess material was

periodically moved from the slag pad to the slag and matte pile in the northwest corner of the

site. Other solids including the baghouse dust were reused as components of the blast furnace

charge. Plastics from the battery wrecker were rinsed and recycled. Used refractory brick was
Appendix 2

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256

drummed and stored outside the electrical substation prior to disposal. Wooden pallets on which

batteries had been delivered were stored along the north access road. Drums with lead scrap were

sporadically stored along the east fence north of the gate.

This site was not a RCRA-permitted facility.

Description of Contamination: Environmental damage occurred throughout the life of the

facility. Soil was contaminated with lead, arsenic, and cadmium. Groundwater was

contaminated with sulfate, lead and cadmium. During its operations from 1982-1986, air on-site

was contaminated with lead. Two releases of rinse water to the ground are on record. The first

was 900 gallons in December 1982, the second 25,000 gallons in January 1985. In April 1985,

25,000 gallons of acid wash water were spilled. Acid leaked from the battery acid containment

system during temporary storage. The liquid was characterized as corrosive and EP toxic for

lead. Slag and matte piles located at the facility were characterized as EP toxic for lead and

cadmium. Fugitive emissions and operating practices caused accumulation of lead, and to a

lesser extent cadmium and arsenic, in soils at the facility site. None of the off-site soil samples

exceeded 500 mg/kg total lead. Dust on roads was heavily contaminated with lead. The on-site

pond contained surface water run-off from the site which was contaminated with lead. Floor

tanks became plugged and ineffective, corroding out. During one early DEQ inspection of the

site, as much as a foot of pooled acid solution was discovered.

According to Bob Williams at Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, in the early to mid90s, $16 million was spent on various interim removal actions and the final remedy was

estimated to cost $431,000. According to USEPA cost figures, actual expenditures as of

September 2004 was $26,056.45. On February 29, 1988 Bergsoe Metal Corporation entered into

an administrative consent order with USEPA under CERCLA.

Sources:

Levin, Anne (Oregon DEQ), (503) 229-6258, Interview. 19 December 2005.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “Environmental Cleanup Site Information (ECSI)

Databases Site Summary Report – Details for Site ID 12.” (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/ECSI/ecsidetail.asp?seqnbr=12

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “Record of Decision Selected Final Remedial

Action Bergsoe Metal Corporation St. Helens Oregon.” October 1994. 20 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Bergsoe Metal Corporation.”

RCRAInfo. 6 June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ORD991281460

USEPA. “Bergsoe Metal Corporation.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/cactinfo.cfm?id=1000003
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257

Williams, Robert (Oregon DEQ) williams.robert@deq.state.or.us, Email 19 December 2005.

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004.

20 January 2006.

Contacts:

Robert Williams (Oregon DEQ), (503) 229-6802, williams.robert@deq.state.or.us

Anne Levine (Oregon DEQ), (503) 229-6258

Brett McKnight (Oregon DEQ), (541) 388-6146 x236
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258

Site Information

Site Name: Dennis Residence

EPA ID No.: ORQ000020297

Address: 25727 Wildwood Rd. Veneta, OR 97487

County: Lane

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: A complaint was received in March

2001, alleging that one of the occupants of the residence was trying to extract gold from

computer circuit boards with strong acids.

Description of Contamination: During a State Police investigation, 13 55-gallon drums of

chemicals were discovered on site, many of which had corroded and were releasing hazardous

constituents into the environment. In addition, vats of acid and arsenic had been dumped on the

ground. Over 6,000 pounds of hazardous waste were removed from the site by the Oregon

Department of Environmental Quality. There was evidence of toxic air releases as well as

potential drinking water well contamination as a result of this operation.

Sources of Information:

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “Environmental Cleanup Site Information (ECSI)

Database Site Summary Report – Details for Site ID 3069.” (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/ECSI/ecsidetail.asp?seqnbr=3069

Oregon Electronic Product Advisory Committee. “Report to the 2005 Oregon Legislature.”

January 2005. 20 January 2006. http://www.econ.state.or.us/ElecProdRpt05.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Geoffrey Brown (Oregon DEQ), (541) 686-7819
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Site Information:

Site Name: Environmental Pacific Corporation

EPA ID No.: ORD980977334

Address: 111 W 4th St. #B, Amity, OR 97101

County: Yamhill

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: Environmental Pacific Corporation

was a battery recycler. In December 1990, the facility was cited for hazardous waste spills.

EPC agreed to immediately cease receipt of all hazardous waste, remove all waste,

decontaminate all hazardous waste storage tanks, and ship batteries stored at a Port of Portland

terminal to a federally approved hazardous waste storage facility. The facility ceased operations

and filed for bankruptcy in January 1993.

In January 1994, a consent degree was lodged against Environmental Pacific Corporation

requiring the site to reimburse USEPA $113,055 for response costs under CERCLA and $60,163

under RCRA Corrective Action. In October 1997, a consent decree ordered the site to reimburse

USEPA $83,953.68 for past costs incurred by USEPA at the site. The site was never issued a

RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Soil was contaminated with cadmium, mercury and sulfuric

acid. Several spills occurred at the site. On October 14, 1986, 270 pounds of sulfuric acid

(battery electrolyte) were spilled. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

inspected the facility in December 1990 and issued a Notice of Violation (NOV). The Oregon

DEQ and Environmental Pacific Corporation agreed on a $32,000 enforcement action settlement.

EPC agreed to immediately cease receipt of all hazardous waste, remove all waste,

decontaminate all hazardous waste storage tanks, and ship batteries stored at a Port of Portland

terminal to a federally-approved hazardous waste storage facility.

Sources of Information:

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, “Environmental Cleanup Site Information (ECSI)

Database Site Summary Report – Details for Site ID 38.” (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/ECSI/ecsidetail.asp?seqnbr=38

USEPA. “Environmental Pacific Corp.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/arcsites/csitinfo.cfm?id=1001703

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Environmental Pacific Corp Sup.”

RCRA Info. 6 June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=ORD980977334

USEPA. “Monthly Hotline Report.” January 1994. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hotline/94report/01_94.txt
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USEPA. “Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental

Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.” 15 October 1997. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-GENERAL/1997/October/Day-15/g27210.htm

Additional Contacts:

Gil Wistar (Oregon DEQ), (503) 229-5512, wistar.gil@deq.state.or.us
Appendix 2

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Site Information:

Site Name: Grant Warehouse

EPA ID No.: ORQ000010405

Address: 3368 NE Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Portland OR 97212

County: Multnomah

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Grant Warehouse is owned by Mr.

Erwin Grant, who used the warehouse to recover precious metals from waste received from other

facilities. Mr. Grant used various chemicals to recover precious metals from various liquids and

ores which contained trace amounts of these metals. Large amounts of toxic and reactive

chemicals, such as acids, cyanides, ether, and material containing heavy metals were stored in

containers ranging from glass vials and jars to 55-gallon drums. There was also a large amount

of debris such as carpet, paper, wood, cardboard, fiberglass insulation, and old industrial

equipment.

Description of Contamination: Samples from debris and dust in the warehouse show up to

6,000 parts per million of lead and other heavy metals, such as cadmium and chromium. USEPA

spent approximately $1.2 million cleaning up the site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 10. “Grant Warehouse, Portland, Oregon. 26 August 2005. 20 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup.nsf/4c5259381f6b967d88256b5800611592/82c9736

b1f1fe6ec882567060002af0e!OpenDocument

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, “Environmental Cleanup Site Information (ECSI)

Database Site Summary Report – Details for Site ID 2385.” (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/ECSI/ecsidetail.asp?seqnbr=2385

USEPA. “Consent Decree Civil No. 00-1536-BR.” January 2004. 19 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/CLEANUP.NSF/9f3c21896330b4898825687b007a0f33/82c

9736b1f1fe6ec882567060002af0e/$FILE/ATT0ONEX/Grant%20CD..pdf

USEPA. “Grant Warehouse Removal.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/cactinfo.cfm?id=1002090

USEPA. “USEPA Grant Warehouse.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 19 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110017344177

USEPA. “Superfund Fact Sheet Grant Warehouse Removal.” January 1999. 19 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/r10earth/offices/oec/grant2.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Oregon

262

USEPA. “Superfund Fact Sheet Grant Warehouse Removal.” January 2000. 19 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/CLEANUP.NSF/9f3c21896330b4898825687b007a0f33/82c

9736b1f1fe6ec882567060002af0e/$FILE/200grant.PDF

Additional Contacts:

Jeff Rodin (OSC), (206) 553-6709

Krista Rave (Outreach Coordinator), (206) 553-6686
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Oregon

263

Site Information:

Site Name: High-Tech Now

EPA ID No.: ORQ000021402

Address: 2338 NW Reed St., Portland, OR 97210

County: Multnomah

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: High-Tech Now processed computer

equipment by shredding it prior to sending it off site for metals recovery. The site was

incorporated as High-Tech Now, Inc. in March 2001. In April 2001, the site was moved to a

warehouse in Portland, which was rented from the Freeman Group. The warehouse had two

shredders to break down electronic devices into their various components for recycling. The site

accepted everything that could be plugged in or had batteries except for white appliances such as

stoves and refrigerators. The site negotiated contracts with large corporations, schools, and

municipalities to pick up and recycle their electronics. In February 2002, the site began

accepting computer screens that contained cathode ray tubes (CRTs), charging customers

between $5 and $10, based on size. High-Tech Now intended to pulverize the glass and

transport it to Encycle, a glass recycler.

Description of Contamination: A major fire occurred at the High-Tech Now Inc. facility on

June 8, 2002, destroying hundreds of computer monitors and other computer-related components

that were stored at the building for the company’s recycling operation. High-Tech Now and its

president, Ryan Henry Kell, leased the building from its owners, The Freeman Group. Kell

failed to follow up on hazardous waste determinations after the fire, eventually abandoning the

property and forcing the owners to arrange and pay for the proper disposal of about 112 tons of

toxic hazardous waste. On Nov. 20, 2003, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality

(DEQ) issued Kell and High-Tech Now Inc. a total of $71,962 in penalties. The majority of the

total ($52,385) was for storing hazardous waste at the facility from June 9, 2002 through Oct. 17,

2002 without a hazardous waste storage facility permit. In many cases, wastes were left on the

ground or in open containers before being cleaned up and disposed in October 2002. DEQ fined

Kell another $9,600 for failing to perform a hazardous waste determination at the facility after

the fire occurred, and $9,977 for failing to file a hazardous waste generation report with DEQ. In

March 2004, Kell was sentenced to 30 days in jail and $5,000 for second degree unlawful

disposal, storage or treatment of hazardous waste.

Lead from the computers and computer components shredded at the site was present in the

wastes left behind after the fire. DEQ alleged six hazardous waste streams in the High-Tech

Now warehouse after the fire from the lead in the CRTs in three different brands of computer

monitors, in the dust from under the grinder and near the door, and in the shredded circuit

boards. Testing of these substances revealed unsafe levels of lead.

Sources of Information:

Bachman, Jeff (Oregon DEQ), (503) 229-5950, Interview. 19 December 2005.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Oregon

264

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “DEQ Issues $71,962 in Penalties to Vancouver

Man for Hazardous Waste Violations at Portland Computer Recycling Business.” 11

December 2003. 18 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/news/prDisplay.asp?docID=1441

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “DEQ Issues $71,962 in Penalties to Vancouver

Man for Hazardous Waste Violations at Portland Computer Recycling Business.” 11

December 2003. 18 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/news/prDisplay.asp?docID=1441

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, “Environmental Cleanup Site Information (ECSI)

Database Facility Summary Report – Details for Location 47083.” (n.d.) 21 October

2006. http://deq12.deq.state.or.us/fp20/FPDetail.aspx?SiteID=47083

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “Man Sentenced to 30 Days in Jail for Unlawful

Disposal, Storage of Hazardous Waste after June 2002 Computer Recycling Warehouse

Fire.” 25 March 2004. 22 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/news/prDisplay.asp?docID=1519

USEPA. “Facility Detail Report: Freeman Group The Former Hitech Now Fac” EnviroFacts

Warehouse. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?pgm_sys_id_in=ORQ0

00021402&pgm_sys_acrnm_in=RCRAINFO

USEPA. “Freeman Group The Former Hitech Now Fac” RCRAInfo. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Jeff Bachman (Oregon DEQ), (503) 229-5950
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Oregon

265

Site Information

Site Name: Lighting Recyclers, Inc.

EPA ID No.: ORQ000005629

Address: 651 N. Russell St., Portland, OR 97227

County: Multnomah

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Lighting Recyclers was a statepermitted (solid waste permit) lamp facility operating in northeast Portland from 1997 to 1999.

Description of Contamination: During a complaint investigation in 1999, it was found that the

facility had exceeded its permit hazardous waste storage limits. Hazardous waste was found

stored in an uncovered dumpster. Waste from the dumpster was found entering a nearby storm

drain. The company was also found to be mishandling mercury powder, some of which was

blowing out through the door of the facility. Also, the company improperly accumulated and

stored more than 13,000 pounds of glass contaminated with mercury at the site. Emission

control equipment had been removed from the lamp crusher. Lighting Recyclers received a

$62,340 civil penalty on April 20, 2000, for violating hazardous waste management laws and the

company’s solid waste permit. Required financial assurance was not available to assist cleanup

when facility closed.

Sources of Information:

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “DEQ Levies Penalties Totaling $367,286 During

March-April.” 25 May 2000. 22 January 2006.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/news/prDisplay.asp?docID=434

US Army Corps of Engineers. “HTRW Center of Expertise Information – TDSF.” (n.d.). 22

January 2006. http://www.environmental.usace.army.mil/library/pubs/tsdf/sec6-3-4/sec6-

3-4.html

USEPA. “Lighting Recyclers Inc.” RCRAInfo. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Les Carlough (Enforcement Program Manager), (503) 229-5422
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Oregon

266

Site Information

Site Name: ThermoFluids Inc.

EPA ID No.: ORQ000001974

Address: 6400 SE 101ST AVE BLDG 4A, Portland, OR 97266

County: Multnomah

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Thermo Fluids facility conducts

used oil recycling.

Description of Contamination: The Thermo Fluids facility was the location of a four-alarm fire

fueled by the oil recycling activities of the business the morning of March 15, 2004. A main

operations building that contained a used oil pit, with a capacity of nearly 37,000 gallons,

ignited, and quickly engulfed the building despite the efforts of over 140 firefighters that

responded to the fire. Despite efforts by firefighters from several jurisdictions the fire quickly

engulfed the building and spread ash and soot into the air and downwind. Water that was poured

onto the fire to contain its spread overwhelmed the industrial property's oil and water separator

unit and spread used oil and other potential hazardous chemicals into an adjacent drainage ditch

which flows into Johnson Creek, a tributary of the Willamette River. The source of what ignited

the used oil pit is unclear. In addition, on April 28, 2003 there was a discharge of 2,500 gallons

of used oil from the vehicle which contaminated surface water.

Sources of Information:

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. “Facility / Site Information for Location 9801.”

Oregon DEQ Facility Profiler 2.0. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

http://deq12.deq.state.or.us/fp20/FPDetail.aspx?SiteID=9801

USEPA. “Facility Detail Report for Spencer Environmental Incorporated.” Envirofacts

Warehouse. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?pgm_sys_id_in=ORQ0

00001974&pgm_sys_acrnm_in=RCRAINFO

USEPA. “Thermo Fluids.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. 22 March 2004. 22 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/Thermofluids

USEPA. “Thermo Fluids.” Pollution Reports. 22 March 2004. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epaosc.org/polrep_profile.asp?site_id=763

USEPA. “Thermo Fluids Inc.” RCRAInfo (n.d.) 21 October 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Oregon

267

Additional Contacts:

Chris Kaufman (State OSC), kaufman.chris@deq.state.or.us

Dan Heister (OSC), heister.dan@epa.gov

Michael Szerlog (OSC), szerlog.michael@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

268

Site Information

Site Name: Breslube-Penn, Inc.

EPA ID No.: PADO89667695

Address: 84 Montour Rd., Coraopolis, PA 15108

County: Allegheny

NPL Site: Final: 06/17/1996

In CERCLIS Database: 0301139

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: In the mid-1970s, American Tallow

and Wiseman Oil Companies conducted operations at this site. American Tallow operated a

meat-rendering business and discontinued operations at the facility around 1977. Wiseman Oil

Company operated a waste oil processing and reclamation facility at the site. Used oils were rerefined into fuel oils and sold to residual fuel users. Wiseman Oil also manufactured lubricating

oil from the used oils for a short period of time during its operation of the facility. A filtering

agent clay was generated as a residue from the filter during this process. The filter cake was

stockpiled in the southwestern portion of the property. In February 1981, sampling of

accumulated sludge material within the diked areas surrounding the on-site oil storage tanks

indicated elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Wiseman Oil and American

Tallow had operated a lagoon in the southwestern end of the property. Oily plating waste from a

Westinghouse plant in New Jersey was allegedly disposed of in this lagoon. Runoff from the

lagoon and spillage onto the ground throughout the property caused ground water contamination.

The lagoon was backfilled in 1979 but the waste was not removed from the lagoon. BreslubePenn Inc. acquired the property and facility in 1982 after Wiseman Oil declared bankruptcy.

Breslube-Penn continued waste oil reprocessing operations during which time contamination

occurred. The company built tanks on the former location of Wiseman's lagoon and also

constructed a lubricating oil reprocessing plant. The filter cake from this operation was generally

collected in a roll-off box and disposed of both off and on site. Breslube-Penn discontinued fuel

oil reprocessing in 1986. The facility was utilized as a waste oil transfer station from 1986

through late 1991 when operations at the facility ceased. Three tanks were installed for use in oil

transferring operations.

Description of Contamination: A sampling site inspection was conducted at the facility in

October 1988. Samples collected from the staged contaminated soil area, the filter cake area, and

other areas on site revealed elevated concentrations of volatile and semivolatile organic

compounds (VOCs and SVOCs), PCBs, and several inorganic compounds, including cyanide.

Downgradient groundwater samples contained volatile and semivolatile contaminants and PCBs.

Samples collected from the two on-site wells indicated elevated levels of VOCs.

Sources of Information:

Pennsylvania Department of Health Under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic

Substances and Disease Registry. “Public Health Assessment Breslube-Penn Inc.,

Superfund Site.” 14 May 1997. 22 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/breslube/bre_toc.html
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

269

USEPA. “Breslube-Penn Inc.” CERCLIS. 7 December 2005. 23 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0301139

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Breslube-Penn, Inc.” August 2005. 22 January 2006.

http://epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/PAD089667695/index.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Breslube-Penn, Inc.” 17 June 1996. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0301139.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Breslube-Penn Inc.” RCRAInfo. 6

June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=PAD089667695

Additional Contacts:

Marjorie Easton (OSC), (304) 234-0251

Bhupendra Khona (RPM), (215) 814-3213

Larry C. Johnson (RPM), (215) 814-3239
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

270

Site Information

Site Name: East Penn Manufacturing Co., Inc.

EPA ID No.: PAD002330165

Address: Deka Road, Lyon Station, PA 19536

County: Berks

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: East Penn Manufacturing Co., Inc.

operates a manufacturing facility on 289 acres in a primarily rural area. East Penn manufactures

lead-acid storage batteries, battery cables, hold downs, terminals, and booster cables and operates

a secondary lead smelter as part of its battery recycling operations. The site was issued a RCRA

Permit in June 1988. In June 1998, the permit expired and was reissued in September 2004. The

site is still in operation.

Description of Contamination: Onsite soil is contaminated with antimony, lead, and mercury.

Onsite groundwater is contaminated with chlorinated organics, trichloroethene (TCE), and

tetrachloroethene (PCE). Corrective action measures include excavation and treatment of

contaminated soil and battery case waste (from the past recycling operations), improved

wastewater treatment facilities, and ongoing groundwater extraction/treatment, and monitoring.

Contamination did occur on the site between 1980 and 1986. RCRA Corrective Action activities

at East Penn facility are being conducted under the direction of a joint lead by USEPA and

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). Any necessary clean up and

monitoring activities are being implemented in accordance with USEPA Corrective Action

Permit. East Penn excavated and removed approximately 3,800 cubic yards of battery case

waste and 9,700 cubic yards of contaminated soils above 1,000 parts per million (ppm) lead from

the Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) Battery Case Landfill.

Sources of Information:

Hon, Lee (Project Manager), (215) 814-3419, Interview. 18 November 2005.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for East Penn Mfg Co.” RCRA Info. 6

June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=PAD002330165

USEPA. “Redevelopment and Reuse Fact Sheet East Penn Manufacturing Company.” (n.d.). 22

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/pdf/eastpenn.pdf

USEPA. “Region 3 GPRA Baseline RCRA Corrective Action Facility East Penn Manufacturing

Co., Inc.” (n.d.). 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/pa/pdf/pad002330165.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

271

Additional Contacts:

Hon Lee (EPA Region 3 Project Manager), (215) 814-3419, lee.hon@epa.gov

Linda Housal (PA Department of Environmental Protection), (717) 705-4919

Douglas A. Donor (Sr. RCRA Technical Advisor), (215) 814-3394, donor.douglas@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

272

Site Information

Site Name: Franklin Slag Pile (MDC Industries, Inc.)

EPA ID No.: PASFN0305549

Address: 3110 Castor Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19134

County: Philadelphia

NPL Site: Final: 9/5/2002

In CERCLIS Database: 0305549

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The MDC site comprises approximately

4 acres and contains a large copper slag pile of 68,000 cubic yards called the Franklin Slag Pile.

The slag in the pile was a byproduct of the nearby copper smelting operation of Franklin

Smelting and Refinery Corporation (FSRC). The slag was bought, stored, and then sold by

MDC Industries, Inc. (MDC). MDC had been selling the slag as grit for sandblasting, in 50-lb

bags and by the truckload, since the 1950s. MDC ceased operations and abandoned the site on

December 30, 1999, due to bankruptcy. The Franklin Slag Pile was not a RCRA-permitted

facility.

Description of Contamination: While in operation, materials from the Franklin Slag Pile

migrated beyond property boundaries in all directions. Slag was observed on sidewalks, caked

on storm drains emptying into the Delaware River, in a wetland area, and being carried offsite by

the wind. In December 1999, MDC was cited by EPA Region 3 for releasing lead in storm water

run-off that was captured by storm drains and discharged into the Delaware River. After

operation ceased, elevated levels of heavy metals were found onsite and offsite of the MDC

property, as contaminants leaked from the perimeter of the Franklin Slag Pile during storage. The

contamination was cumulative, occurring throughout the 40-plus year operation. Air was

contaminated with beryllium, copper and lead. Slag samples revealed leachable concentrations

of lead above 35,000 μg/L and total lead concentrations above 9,000 mg/kg. Other contaminants

include beryllium, copper, and lead in the air. In 2000, USEPA conducted emergency cleanup

activities, removing 12,000 tons of contaminated soil and slag, 246 tons of hazardous debris, and

20 tons of bagged slag.

Sources of Information:

Matzko, Kristine (RPM), (215) 814-5719, Interview 17 June 2005.

Taylor, Trish (CIC), (215) 814-5539, Interview 15 June 2005.

USEPA. “Community Involvement Plan for the Franklin Slag Pile Superfund Site.” January

2006. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/PASFN0305549/cip/01-2006.pdf

USEPA. “Franklin Slag Pile (MDC).” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 22 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0305549
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

273

USEPA. “Franklin Slag Pile Superfund Site.” 12 September 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/PASFN0305549/index.htm

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Franklin Slag Pile.” April 2004. 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/npl/PASFN0305549.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Franklin Slag Pile (MDC).” 5 September 2002. 22 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0305549.pdf

Additional Contacts

Kristine Matzko (RPM), (215) 814-5719, matzko.kristine@epa.gov

Trish Taylor (CIC), (215) 814-5539, taylor.trish@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

274

Site Information

Site Name: Gettysburg Foundry Specialties Company

EPA ID No.: PAD003009362

Address: 2664 Emmitsburg Rd., Gettysburg, PA 17325

County: Adams

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This 49-acre site was used as a

secondary aluminum smelter producing aluminum ingots from recycled aluminum. The

company recycled about 100 million pounds of aluminum scrap each year. It was in operation

from 1956 to March 13, 1997.

Description of Contamination: Site activities resulted in large quantities of dross waste, which

consisted of salts, impurities, aluminum oxides and other metals being deposited on site. In July

2000, the former owners of the now-defunct facility, Creed F. White and Robert L. White were

each sentenced to one year of confinement and five years of probation. The owners pled guilty

in March 2000 to felony charges of intentional disposal of hazardous waste and operating an

illegal hazardous waste treatment facility and misdemeanor charges of operating an illegal

residual waste disposal facility, air pollution, and surface and ground water pollution. The

Whites also pleaded guilty to polluting the wetlands, which is a summary offense. In addition,

Creed White pleaded guilty to a second-degree felony charge of operating an illegal hazardous

waste storage facility. Two former owners of the now-defunct Gettysburg Foundry Specialist Co.

have pleaded guilty in Adams County Court to multiple criminal charges of illegally dumping

tons of hazardous waste. The environmental crimes violations resulted in an estimated $5 million

cleanup of severe soil, water and wetlands contamination. The owners were ordered to pay up to

$5.5 million in restitution for the cleanup of the former foundry site. The now-defunct

Gettysburg Foundry Specialist Company was also ordered to pay $33,100 in fines.

The owners instructed their employees to dump baghouse dust, a black powdery material created

during the foundry process, into a pit about the size of a football field. The dust, containing

cadmium and lead, was collected in the foundry’s filtration system and emptied into 55 gallon

drums that were buried in the pit. Approximately 2,000 pounds of baghouse dust were produced

each month at the foundry. Emissions from the baghouse collection system created air pollution

that migrated into neighboring properties. 90 tons of baghouse dust were illegally stored in

barrels at the foundry. Furnace waste from burning scrap metals in the aluminum casting process

was also buried in the pit. The dross contained high concentrations of aluminum, copper, zinc

and chromium. The owners were also charged with illegally mixing baghouse dust with residual

waste that was hauled to two landfills that were not permitted to accept hazardous waste. The

landfill companies were unaware they were accepting hazardous waste.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

275

Sources of Information:

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. “DEP Orders Gettysburg Foundry to

Shut Down Furnace.” 22 November 1996. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/polycomm/update/11-22-96/11229616.htm

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. “Former Foundry Owners Plead Guilty

to Environmental Crimes.” 17 March 2000. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/polycomm/update/03-17-00/031700u2.htm

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. “Gettysburg Foundry Owners Sentenced

to Prison.” 21 July 2000. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/polycomm/update/07-21-00/072100u4.htm

USEPA. “Gettysburg Foundry Specialties Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000841386

Wolf, Cindy (File Room) (717) 705-4700, Interview 15 November 2005.

Additional Contacts:

Sandy Roderick (PA DEP), (717) 705-4931

Susan Frank (PA DEP), (717) 705-4931
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

276

Site Information

Site Name: Industrial Solvents and Chemical Co.

EPA ID No.: PAD098732118

Address: Box 212, Steven Road, York Haven, PA 17370

County: York

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Industrial Solvents and Chemical

Company (ISCC), an 8.9-acre site, stored, repackaged and sold products; reprocessed solvents;

transported, stored and distributed recycled solvents; recycled and distributed used and new oil;

and transported and stored hazardous wastes. The Aerosol Company (Aerosol) owned and

operated the site for an unknown period of time prior to ISCC. Aerosol went bankrupt by 1974

and the property was acquired by the York County Industrial Development Authority (YCIDA).

At this time, ISCC began leasing from YCIDA. In 1969, complaints reportedly began regarding

potentially contaminated groundwater in the vicinity of the site. A supply well was drilled in

1974 and was discovered to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds. However, In

June 1990, ISCC and its owners filed for bankruptcy and operations were ceased in May-June

1990. When ISCC abandoned the site, there were approximately 194 aboveground storage tanks

and thousands of 55-gallon drums, 5-gallon carboys and other assorted containers of smaller

volumes present at the site. The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds

(VOCs). The contamination affected several residential and commercial wells. The abandoned

drums and tanks, totaling more than 600,000 gallons of wastes (the majority being hazardous),

were successfully removed from the Site between December 1993 and August 1995. As of

1998, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Quality had paid $3.3 million for clean up

costs at ISCC with a final remedy at the site likely to cost another $1 to $1.3 million. As of

1998, PA DEQ had entered into approximately 40 consent decrees and consent order and

agreements with over 600 potentially responsible parties for a total cost recovery of $4,384,120.

Sources of Information:

Bilash, Kevin (EPA Project Manager), (215) 814-2796, Interview. 18 November 2005.

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Quality. “Office of Chief Counsel 1998 Annual

Report.” 1998. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/chiefcounsel/1998_annual_report.pdf

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Quality. “Cost Recovery Efforts at Industrial

Solvents Prove Successful.” 5 December 1997. 23 January 2006.

http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/polycomm/update/12-05-97/12059714.htm
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

277

USEPA. “Region 3 GPRA Baseline RCRA Corrective Action Facility Industrial Solvents &

Chemicals Co.” 30 June 2005. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/pa/pdf/pad098732118.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Industrial Solvents & Chemicals

Co.” RCRA Info. 6 June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=PAD098732118

USEPA. “Industrial Solvents & Chemical Company.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000701964

Additional Contacts:

Kevin Bilash (EPA Project Manager), (215) 814-2796

Susan Frank (PA DEP Community Relations Coordinator), (717) 540-5013
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

278

Site Information

Site Name: PECO Energy Company (Exelon)

EPA ID No.: PAD000731026

Address: Jeffrey Street and Delaware Avenue, Chester PA 19013

County: Delaware

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The PECO Energy Company site is a

90-acre site bordering the Delaware River. Prior site uses include coal-fired electricity

generation, coke and steel production, industrial chemical and resin manufacturing, and

hazardous waste recycling. The Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Company (PICCO) operated

its settling basin for resin disposal until 1981, when PECO removed 5,000 cubic yards of

resinous material. Chem Clear operated its hazardous waste treatment and recycling facility

between 1977 and 1989.

Description of Contamination: Most contamination is on 17 acres of the site where resin

manufacturing and hazardous waste recycling activities took place. The Chem Clear recycling

hazardous waste operation was responsible for some of the contamination. On-site soil is

composed of fill containing resins and tar fragments. Contaminants include BTEX (benzene,

toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), light non-aqueous

phase liquids (LNAPLs), and heavy metals. Onsite groundwater is contaminated with BTEX,

PAHs, LNAPL, and semi-volatile organic compounds. Groundwater contamination led to

sheens of BTEX and PAHs spreading onto the surface of the Delaware River. Of the 90 acres,

17 are currently under an agreement to construct a remedy for past hazardous waste activities.

The remainder of the site was characterized under Pennsylvania’s Land Recycling and

Environmental Remediation Standards Act (“Act 2"). USEPA, the Pennsylvania Department of

Environmental Protection (PADEP) and PECO worked together to develop a plan to remediate

the entire site.

Sources of Information:

Dao, Khai M. (EPA Region 8), (215) 814-5467, Interview 11/18/2005.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Peco Energy Co Gould Chemclear

Inc.” RCRA Info. 6 June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=PAD000731026

USEPA. “Redevelopment and Reuse Fact Sheet PECO Energy (Philadelphia Electric Company)

Chester, PA.” (n.d.). 22 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/pdf/peco.pdf

USEPA. “Region 3 GPRA Baseline RCRA Corrective Action Facility Peco Energy Co., Chester

Facility.” (n.d.). 22 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/pa/pdf/pad000731026.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

279

Additional Contacts:

Khai M. Dao (EPA Region 3 Contact), (215) 814-5467 or -5761, dao.khai@epa.gov

Renee Gelblat (RCRA Project Manager), (215) 814-3421, gelblat.renee@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

280

Site Information

Site Name: Tonolli Corporation

EPA ID No.: PAD073613663

Address: Rte 54, Nesquehoning, PA 18240

County: Carbon

NPL Site: Final: 10/4/1989

In CERCLIS Database: 301087

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: From the early 1920s to 1972, the site

was used as a disposal area for coal mine spoils and incinerator ash from a nearby Pennsylvania

Power and Light (PP&L) power generating station. In 1972, Tonolli Corporation purchased 30

acres of the site and from 1974 to January 1986, operated a battery recycling and secondary lead

smelting plant onsite. Operations included storage, breaking, processing, and smelting of used

batteries, battery components, and other lead-bearing materials. The site consists of a battery

receiving and storage area, crushing operation, smelter, refinery, wastewater treatment plant,

above-ground 500,000-gallon wastewater storage tank, a rubber-lined waste lagoon, and a 10-

acre rubber lined solid waste landfill. Four primary waste streams were generated from site

operations; slag from the secondary lead smelting process, which was disposed of in the landfill;

calcium sulfate sludge from air pollution control scrubbers, which was pumped to the landfill;

plastic battery casings and bakelite chips, which were disposed of in the landfill; and excess

process water, battery acid, and stormwater runoff, which went to the wastewater lagoon to be

neutralized and recirculated back into the lime slurry air scrubbers. In October 1985, Tonolli

filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the Federal bankruptcy code.

The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil,

sediment, debris, ground water, and surface water were metals, including arsenic, cadmium, and

lead. Occasionally, liquid from the impoundment has found its way into the landfill. The

impoundment held waste water containing arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium. On-site

monitoring wells contained arsenic and cadmium in 1985.

Contamination definitely occurred prior to 1980 and contamination also probably occurred after

1980. As of September 2004, cleanup expenditures at this site amounted to $3,625,983.96.

Sources of Information:

Cron, Mitch (RPM), (215) 814-3286, Interview 18 November 2005.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Explanation of Significant Differences: Tonolli Corp.” 7 January

1997. 23 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/e0397015.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Explanation of Significant Differences: Tonolli Corp.” 12 March

1999. 23 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/e0399129.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Pennsylvania

281

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Tonolli Corp.” 30 September 1992. 23 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0392156.pdf

USEPA. “Five Year Review Report Tonolli Corporation Superfund Site.” 2003. 23 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f03-03018.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 23 January

2006.

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Tonolli Corp.” 4 October 1989. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0301087.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet: Tonolli Corporation.” June 2005. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/npl/PAD073613663.htm

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Tonolli Corp Superfund Site.”

RCRA Info. 6 June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=PAD073613663

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Tonolli Corp.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 23

January 2006. http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0301087

USEPA. “Tonolli Corporation.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110008471073

Additional Contacts:

Mitch Cron (RPM), (215) 814-3286

Richard M. Fetzer, (215) 814-3263

William D. Hudson, (215) 814-5532
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Puerto Rico

282

Site Information:

Site Name: Scorpio Recycling, Inc.

EPA ID No.: PRD987376662

Address: State Road #2 KM 19.7 (Acuna Street), Candeleria Ward,

Puerto Rico 00759

County: Toa Baja Municipality

NPL Site: Final: 2/4/2000

In CERCLIS Database: 0203570

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Scorpio Recycling, Inc. (SRI) is a 6.5-

acre metal recycling company that purchases, accumulates, and processes a variety of scrap

metals for resale to foundries in the United States and Brazil. The facility began operating in

1972 as Astur Metals, Inc. and changed its name to Scorpio Recycling, Inc. in 1988. The site

contains five main areas: battery accumulation and aluminum cans compacting building,

aluminum processing building, offices and red metals processing building, maintenance shop,

and batteries and other metals accumulation building. The facility is located between karst hills

in an aquifer recharge area. Since the time when battery crushing ceased, the site has been used

for the temporary storage of scrap steel. Available facility records indicate that the facility

receives approximately 9-million pounds of scrap material per month from outside sources. The

site is still in operation today.

Description of Contamination: Scorpio Recycling, Inc. is still under investigation by USEPA.

Over 2.4 million batteries were crushed and stored at the Scorpio site between 1972 and 1982.

Battery fluids were dumped directly onto the soil. Packaging and shipping of batteries continued

until 1982. In 1991, poor housekeeping practices were observed at the site, including stained and

corroded floors, spills, batteries on the ground and on pallets, lead battery cells open to the

atmosphere, acidic runoff flowing into the sinkhole area, and stressed vegetation. USEPA

testing in 1991 and 1993 revealed that onsite soil and water had been contaminated with barium,

lead, and vanadium. USEPA testing in 1999 in the former battery crushing area revealed surface

soil lead concentrations of 109,000 ppm. Across the entire Scorpio site, the average surface soil

lead concentration was approximately 18,000 ppm. Release to area groundwater has occurred

and is a potential threat to the aquifer and local drinking water supply. Over 1,000 tons of scrap

metal needed to be removed from the site.

Sources of Information:

Torres, Ramon (EPA RPM), (787) 977-5844, Interview. 8 July 2005.

USEPA. “EPA Places Contaminated Scorpio Recycling, Inc. Site in Toa Baja on the Superfund

National Priorities List.” 3 February 2000. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region02/news/2000/00022.htm

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet Scorpio Recycling, Inc.” April 2004. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/superfund/npl/0203570c.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Puerto Rico

283

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Scorpio Recycling, Inc.” 22 October 1999. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0203570.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Scorpio Recycling, Inc.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 21 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0203570

USEPA. “Scorpio Recycling Corp.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110018864371

Additional Contacts:

Juan Davila (SAM), (212) 637-4341

Ramon Torres (RPM), (787) 977-5844
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Puerto Rico

284

Site Information

Site Name: V&M / Albaladejo

EPA ID No.: PRD987366101

Address: Route 160, Almirante Norte Ward, Vega Baja, PR 00694

County: Vega Baja Municipality

NPL Site: Deleted: 10/22/2001

In CERCLIS Database: 0202869

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This site consists of more than five

contiguous areas where unknown individuals dumped and burned plastic-coated electrical cables,

batteries, and electrical equipment for metals recovery. The sites are on the boundary of the

V&M and Albaladejo Farms, both of which are privately owned. Open burning of refuse began

at an unknown point in time and continued until 1986 on the V&M property and until 1988 on

the Albaladejo property. The Agency spent about $2.4 million on the site cleanup, which took 4

months to complete.

Description of Contamination: A soil removal action was conducted in early 1998 in which

nearly 3,000 cubic yards of soil was removed from five identified burn areas where soil was

contaminated with various metals, including antimony, cadmium, copper, lead, and silver. Four

rounds of groundwater sampling, conducted through groundwater-monitoring wells, indicate that

contamination associated with the metals recovery activities is not present in the groundwater.

High levels of lead, arsenic, copper, zinc, antimony and cadmium were detected and heavy metal

contamination was also found in surface water on the site and in sinkholes within the immediate

vicinity of the site.

As of October 2000, USEPA spent $2.4 million on the site cleanup.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: V&M/Albaladejo.” 29 September 2000. 23

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0200511.pdf

USEPA. “Federal Register Notice of Direct Final Action.” 22 October 2001. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/d011022.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Fact Sheet V&M/Albaladejo.” January 2004. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/superfund/npl/0202869c.pdf

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for V&M/Albaladejo.” 23 December 1996. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0202869.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for V&M/Albaladejo.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 21 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0202869
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Puerto Rico

285

USEPA. “The V&M / Albaladejo Farms Superfund Site in Vega Baja No Longer a Threat: No

Further Federal Action Warranted.” 3 October 2000. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/news/2000/00180.htm

USEPA. “V&M/Albaladejo.” 9 September 2005. 23 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region2/superfund/npl/0202869c.htm

Additional Contacts:

Juan Davila (EPA Site Assessment Manager), (212) 637-4341

Caroline Kwan (EPA Remedial Project Manager), (212) 637-4275
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Rhode Island

286

Site Information

Site Name: Efros Barrel Co.

EPA ID No.: RID980732135

Address: RFD #1 Box 1346 Salvas Avenue, Coventry, RI 02825

County: Kent

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The 0.42-acre site was an undeveloped

property prior to 1969. The property was purchased in 1969 by a private owner. From 1969 to

1990, the property was used to receive, store, and dispatch used 55-gallon drums for recycling.

Description of Contamination: The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management

(RI DEM) Solid Waste Division inspected the property in 1978, and documented 500 to 600 55-

gallon drums on the property; inspectors also observed spilled material on the ground and

detected a chemical odor in the ambient air. Analytical results of sampling indicated the presence

of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), pesticides

and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In spring 1978, RI DEM Division of Air Resources

received telephone complaints regarding Efros Barrel. In 1982, a complaint was filed with RI

DEM Division of Air and Hazardous Materials, which alleged that partially filled drums had

been disposed of on the property. In 1982, RI DEM issued a Notice of Violation and Order to

Efros Barrel. There are no groundwater monitoring wells located on the property. In 1981,

groundwater samples were collected by RI DEM from two drinking water wells located in the

vicinity of the property. Analytical results indicated the presence of VOCs and groundwater has

not been sampled since. Analytical results of soil samples collected from the property in 1994,

indicated the presence of pesticides and metals at concentrations greater than concentrations

indicated by background samples. Impacts to on-site soils may be partially attributable to

historical operations at the property.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Efros Barrel Co.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 23 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/arcsites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101294

USEPA. “Efros Barrel Co.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110009321723

USEPA. “Efros Barrel Co.” RCRAInfo. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

USEPA. “Waste Site Cleanup and Reuse in New England: Efros Barrel Co.” 3 February 2003.

23 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r1/npl_pad.nsf/0/e2956d1334062e7e85256b420060685f?OpenD

ocument

Additional Contacts:
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Rhode Island

287

Gerardo Millán-Ramos (SAM), (617) 918-1377, millan-ramos.gerardo@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Rhode Island

288

Site Information

Site Name: Metals Recycling, LLC

EPA ID No.: RID980732135

Address: 89 Celia Street, Johnston RI 02919

County: Providence

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Metals Recycling LLC is an 18-acre

site which purchases and recycles old cars, appliances and scrap metal. When vehicles arrive on

site, they are dismantled and shredded, leaving behind one of three types of by-products: iron,

non-iron metals and auto shredder residue (ASR). From the late 1980s to January 1999, ASR

was used as a daily cover at the Central Landfill until a joint state and federal investigation

resulted in a cessation of shipments to the Central Landfill.

Description of Contamination: In 1999, USEPA testing revealed that auto shredder residue was

improperly stored, which caused contamination. The auto shredder residue also contained PCBs

in excess of 50 parts per million. In November 2001, Metals Recycling LLC entered into two

administrative consent orders with USEPA for violations of RCRA. The company agreed to pay

$200,000 in penalties and reduce lead contamination in piles of improperly stored, nonmetallic

hazardous waste at its 18-acre site. Metals Recycling violated regulations regarding operation,

storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste and in December 2003, Metals Recycling

was ordered to pay $250,000 into the state’s environmental response fund.

Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (RIDEM) also issued three air

pollution violations in 2000 and 2001 for objectionable odors resulting from their process water

holding basin going septic and causing hydrogen sulfide odors throughout the neighborhood.

Metals eventually modified their process to prevent large amounts of process water with organics

(ASR residues) going into the pond. Metals paid RIDEM $32,500 in penalties on these cases.

Metal Recycling was also forced to pay a $25,000 penalty and perform cleanups which

amounted to $500,000 for water violations stemming from processing and storing auto shredder

residue on their process which was the result of contamination that was initially discovered in

1993.

Sources of Information:

Daily Environment Report No. 220. “Rhode Island Recycler to Pay $200,000 Fine.” BNA, Inc.

16 November 2001. 23 January 2006.

http://pubs.bna.com/NWSSTND/IP/BNA/den.nsf/SearchAllView/C6E1709CF80A976D8

5256B06001098A9?Open&highlight=RECYCLER

Mastrati, Gail (Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management – RI DEM)

gail.mastrati@DEM.RI.GOV, Email 18 January 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Rhode Island

289

USEPA. “Metals Recycling, LLC.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 23 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110002370470

USEPA. “Metals Recycling, LLC.” RCRAInfo. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Mark Merchant (Office of the Regional Administrator, EPA New England), (617) 918-11013

Gail Mastrati (RI DEM), 222-4700 ext. 2402

Stephanie Powell (RI DEM), 222-4700 ext. 4418
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Rhode Island

290

Site Information

Site Name: New England Container Co.

EPA ID No.: RID048976732

Address: 455 George Washington Hwy, Smithfield, RI 02917

County: Providence

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0101242

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This property was owned by Air Park

Industrial Development Corporation until 1968 and Goodyear Realty until 1970. The New

England Container Co. has occupied the property since 1970. Since 1971, the New England

Container Co. has engaged in the reconditioning and recycling of used 55-gallon metal drums.

There are two large buildings on site: the open head drum plant and the closed head drum plant.

Most areas of the property were paved between 1975 and 1981. Wastes generated at the property

between 1987 and 1991 were composed of paint sludge, solvents, flammable liquids, and

sandblasting grit mixed with paint sludge. Waste was disposed of to the ground surface and to

catch basins on the property. The New England Container Co. has been cited by Rhode Island

Department of Environmental Management for hazardous waste violations including lack of

secondary containment, failure to label containers, and failure to maintain documentation of

employee training.

Description of Contamination: Contaminants of concern detected in groundwater beneath the

property include lead, chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and non-chlorinated

VOCs. Soils beneath the asphalt on the property are suspected to be a source of VOCs, including

tetrachloroethene (PCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Chlorinated VOCs have been detected in

private drinking water wells located 0.25 miles north and east of the property. Contaminants

detected in the private drinking water wells include tetrachloroethene, trichloroethane, 1,2-

dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, and chloroform at concentrations as high

as 17 parts per billion (ppb). Impacts to nearby groundwater drinking water supply sources have

been documented.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “New England Container Co.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 23 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101242

USEPA. “New England Container.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.(n.d.). 23 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000819936

USEPA. “Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England New England Container Co.” 3

February 2003. 24 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r1/npl_pad.nsf/0/474b4a3be4843e2285256b4200606d7e?OpenD

ocument
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Rhode Island

291

Additional Contacts:

Gerardo Millan-Ramos (EPA SAM), (617) 918-1377, millan-ramos.gerardo@epa.gov

Nancy Smith (EPA SAM), (617) 918-1436

Cynthia Gianfrancesco, (401) 222-2979 x7126, Cynthia.Gianfrancesco@dem.ri.gov

Margaret Bradley, (401) 222-2979 x7105
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling South Carolina

292

Site Information

Site Name: Aqua-Tech Environmental, Incorporated (Groce Laboratories)

EPA ID No.: SCD058754789

Address: 340 Robinson Road, Greer, SC 29651

County: Spartanburg

NPL Site: Final: 2/4/2000

In CERCLIS Database: 0403310

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: In the 1940s local residents used this

site as a general dumping ground. The City of Greer owned 35 acres of the 61.56-acre property

and used 20 acres as a municipal landfill from 1963 until 1968. The landfill was subsequently

closed and capped with clay in the early 1970s. In December 1974, William Groce purchased

the 35 acres from the City of Greer. He began accepting hazardous wastes as Groce

Laboratories, Incorporated in 1976. Between 1982 and 1986, he purchased the remainder of the

61.56-acre property. Site operations consisted of state-permitted hazardous waste treatment,

recycling, storage, and disposal activities. In April 1987, Aqua-Tech purchased the facility and

continued hazardous waste operations at the site under the name of Aqua-Tech/Groce

Laboratories. In 1990, Aqua-Tech changed the name of the facility to Aqua-Tech Environmental,

Inc. The site also received bio-medical wastes and low-level radioactive wastes without

obtaining the necessary permits. Aqua-Tech's clients included manufacturing industries, federal

agencies, high schools, universities, and hospitals. Several parcels of the 61.56-acre property

have been sold in county tax auctions since December 1996.

From 1981 through 1991, mismanagement, violations, and non-compliance with state and federal

regulations occurred. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control

(SCDHEC) and USEPA frequently cited the facility for improper management of hazardous

waste containers, leaking and bulging drums, storage violations, spills, unpermitted detonations,

and other management deficiencies. Leaking and open drums, deteriorated compressed-gas

cylinders, spills, and discolored soils were observed at the site on several occasions. In an

attempt to correct these problems, several administrative consent orders were issued. According

to records, a 55-gallon drum fire was reported on March 4, 1990. The drum contained elemental

phosphorus. One firefighter was reportedly overcome by the dense smoke and 90 people were

evacuated from the area. On April 19, 1990, an on-site explosion occurred when workers

attempted to repack two drums containing ignitable mixtures. On July 10, 1990, a controlled

explosion was used to destroy two additional drums containing ignitable mixtures. Aqua-Tech

filed for bankruptcy on October 11, 1991. The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Primary contaminants include metals (cadmium, chromium,

cobalt, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc.), various volatile organic compounds, and other

contaminants. Soil onsite is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-VOCs

(SVOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and metals. Groundwater is

contaminated with VOCs, SVOCs, and metals. Surface water was also contaminated. Upon

closing there were approximately 7,000 drums and lab packs, 97 above-ground tanks, 1,200 gas

cylinders (some containing phosgene and other toxic gases), unexploded ordnance material, and
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling South Carolina

293

small amounts of low-level radioactive material and biohazard material at the site. Many of the

drums, tanks, and cylinders were deteriorated, leaking, and improperly stored. Containers and

debris were located throughout the 35-acre facility. Over 41,000,000 pounds of hazardous waste

were sent to the Aqua-Tech (Groce Labs) site. Cleanup expenditures at this site as of 2004 were

$ 1,927,901.08.

Sources of Information:

South Carolina Department of Health and Environment Control with Agency for Toxic

Substances and Disease Registry. “Public Health Assessment-Aqua-Tech Environmental,

Incorporated.” 23 March 2001. 24 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/aquatechblue/ate_p1.html#backa

USEPA. “Aqua-Tech Environmental Inc.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 25 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0403310

USEPA. “Aqua Technology Environmental Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.(n.d.).

23 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000618779

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 23 January

2006.

USEPA. “NPL Site Fact Sheet Aqua-Tech Environmental Inc. (Groce Labs).” 22 December

2005. 25 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplsc/aquatesc.htm

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Aqua-Tech Environmental, Inc.” 16 December 1994. 24

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0403310.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Aqua-Tech Environmental Inc.”

RCRA Info. 6 June 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=SCD058754789

USEPA. “Record of Decision Summary of Remedial Alternative Selection Aqua-Tech

Environmental Labs Inc. (Groce Labs) Site.” September 2003. 25 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplsc/aquarod.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Ralph Howard (EPA SAM), (404) 562-8829

Yvonne Jones (EPA RPM), (404) 562-8793

William Joyner (EPA RPM), (404) 562-8795

Mike Norman (EPA RPM), (404) 562-8792

Paul Wagner (EPA RPM), (404) 562-8792

Craig Zeller (EPA RPM), (404) 562-8827
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling South Carolina

294

Site Information

Site Name: Conbraco Industries

EPA ID No.: SCR000006155

Address: 1509 S. Van Mungo Boulevard, Pageland, SC 29728

County: Chesterfield

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Conbraco Industries has been in the

brass foundry business since 1957. The company has facilities in both North and South

Carolina. They originally conducted all foundry operations at their Matthews, North Carolina

facility. In March 1998, the foundry operations were moved to Pageland, South Carolina and

the Matthews facility stopped manufacturing brass casting products. The facility manufactures

brass casting products that are used in brass valves, regulators, and other control devices.

Brass casting is manufactured by a process that uses sand for molding and for core-making. The

brass used is approximately 85% copper, 5% tin, and 5% lead. The facility uses a process

known as the greensand molding process (which is the most common type of molding process in

the U.S.). During the process, contaminants entered the system until the level became too high,

enough to render them inefficient (approximately 6-8 tons a day). To maintain efficiency, some

of the sands were sent to a thermal reclamation unit (reclaimer). After being reclaimed, the

sands were either reused or disposed. According to Conbraco, all of the sand disposed from

mid-April/October 1998 to January 2000, was either used as fill material at the Steven Kinlaw

property in Pageland, SC or stored on-site at the facility pending pick-up.

Description of Contamination: Copper and lead are the contaminants of concern. Conbraco

believed that the sands which they treated from 1998 to 2000 were non-hazardous after being

treated in their reclaimer. In January 2000, Conbraco conducted TCLP and discovered that the

treated sand tested above the RCRA level of 5.0 ppm for leachable lead. Conbraco now ships

all waste sand to a hazardous waste landfill.

In June 1987, the Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch of the North Carolina

Department of Human Resources (NCDHR) entered into an Order requiring Conbraco to

cleanup two piles of lead contaminated waste sand that had been accumulating at its Matthews,

NC, site since 1957. The work was completed in 1991. Conbraco stated that in 1997, during

the course of performing clean closure on the contaminated sand piles (pursuant to the 1987

Order), they discovered that not all of the foundry sand was legally disposed.

As a result of the activities related to the two piles of lead contaminated waste sand and the

sands treated from 1998 to 2000, Conbraco was required to identify and remediate 17 different

sites (seven in North Carolina and 10 in South Carolina). At these 17 sites, lead and copper

contaminated foundry sand was sold to horse farms as fill for their stable and riding areas.

Investigation is on-going and thus far, it has been determined that no further action is required at

six of the facilities.
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295

On September 24, 2002, P&L Bark Nursery, Inc. (P&L) of Pageland, South Carolina, was

issued a RCRA § 7003 Imminent and Substantial Endangerment Order. During 1997-1998,

P&L purchased approximately 375 tons of foundry sand from Conbraco Industries to be bagged

and sold as play sand. The sand, which had been treated by Conbraco Industries, contained

levels of lead above regulatory limits. P&L packaged and marketed the entire inventory of

sands as play sand, and over an 8-month period in 1997 and 1998, sold the sands to

approximately 40 different retailers throughout Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina and South

Carolina. USEPA’s Order requires P&L Bark to undergo a series of investigative measures,

including written notifications, to identify as many end users of the play sand product as

possible.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. “Fiscal year 2002 Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Accomplishments

Report.” 2002. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region4/ead/attachments/2002_accomplishments_report.pdf

EPA Region 4. Untitled data on TRI facilities. (n.d.). 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region4/r4data/tris/trifac_sc.txt

EPA Region 4. Memorandum from Beverly Banister, Acting Director, Waste Management

Division to Susan Parker Bodine, Assistant Administrator, Solid Waste and Emergency

Response. “Waste Management Division Weekly Report – Key Items.” 13 January

2006.

McKee, Nancy (USEPA Region 4) mckee.nancy@epa.gov, Email 13 February 2006.

USPEA. “Conbraco Industries Incorporated.” RCRAInfo. (n.d.) 21 October 2006.

USEPA. “Final Administrative Order on Consent.” 24 October 2001. 13 February 2006.

USEPA. “Information Requests Pursuant to Section 3007 of the RCRA. Responses of Conbraco

Industries, Inc.” (28 April 2000). 13 February 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Nancy McKee (USEPA Region 4), (404) 562-8674, mckee.nancy@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling South Carolina

296

Site Information

Site Name: Huff Battery Salvage

EPA ID No.: SCD987566908

Address: 134 Warner Road, Bowman, SC 29018

County: Orangeburg

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0405416

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The 10.8-acre site is the location of a

former lead-acid battery cracking operation and lead recovery process that operated from the late

1970's until approximately 1984. The facility's owner and operator collected old car and tractor

batteries from across the State. During operations, the batteries were cut open and the lead plates

were recovered, smelted, and sold off site. Various processes including smelting, washing and

shredding were performed on site. These processes resulted in several waste streams including

battery casings, chipped battery casings, waste battery acid, and lead-acid contaminated rinse

water. The chipped casings were initially left in the operations area. Later, both chipped and

fully intact casings were land filled in another portion of the site. The battery acid and waste

water flowed along a concrete pad and into two partially buried tanks. Mr. James Huff passed

away in 2001, leaving Ms. Huff as the sole resident and caretaker of the property. Also, in 2001,

the property was sold for a sum of $5.00 to Ms. Huff's son, Cecil Marion Ayers, Jr. of Barnwell,

South Carolina.

Response costs at this site were around $1.2 million. This includes direct contractor costs for the

site clean up and assessment and does not include USEPA overhead.

Description of Contamination: Recycling operations resulted in residual lead contaminated

soils and debris onsite. Behind the residence were the remnants of the lead-acid battery cracking

operations area. This area was enclosed within a barbed wire fence. The former process

equipment was still on site. Additionally, several waste piles (battery casings and chips) were

located throughout the operations area. A separate area of battery casings and chips was

identified across the road from the former operations area. This area was used as a landfill for

the chipped casings and tractor battery casings which were not chipped.

Sources of Information:

Misenheimer, Kevin (On-Scene Coordinator) misenheimer.kevin@epa.gov, Email 12 December

2005.

USEPA. “Huff Battery Salvage.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 21 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0405416

USEPA. “Huff Battery Salvage.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110013797757
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297

USEPA. “Huff Battery Salvage.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/HuffBattery

Additional Contacts:

Kevin S. Misenheimer (OSC), (404) 562-8922 misenheimer.kevin@epa.gov

Wilda W. Cobb (Region 4), (404) 562-9530
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Tennessee

298

Site Information

Site Name: College Grove Battery Chip

EPA ID No.: TNSFN0406979

Address: Arno College Grove and Horton Road, College Grove, TN 37046

County: Williamson

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406979

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Twenty or 30 years ago, battery casings

were given away to community members and used as fill or driveway paving material. The site

consists of residential properties that contain battery chips that were placed in driveways, around

barns and other areas as fill material. A local lead smelting operation provided the chips to

landowners for use as a fill or aggregate substitute in driveways, around barns, and in other

areas. The chips were not treated to remove residual lead prior to their distribution, creating a

lead exposure risk to residents to contacting the chips or the soil contaminated by lead washed

from the chips.

Description of Contamination: USEPA began a Superfund removal on June 19, 2000 including

extensive sampling of each property to determine contaminated soil locations, excavation and

treatment of contaminated soil, transportation and disposal of materials in a proper landfill, and

restoration of the site (including backfill, grade, and revegetation). The removal was expected to

be completed by June 2001 at an estimated cost of $3,000,000. Elevated lead levels were

detected at 96 of the 109 properties. USEPA conducted removal actions at each of these

properties, reducing lead to acceptable levels. The final project cost was approximately $7.25

million dollars. As of May 2003, battery chips have been confirmed at 109 of the 171 properties

evaluated in College Grove and the surrounding area. Previous sampling of some properties

indicated elevated levels of lead in the soil.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. "EPA Superfund Removal to Begin at College Grove Battery Chip Site, College

Grove, Tennessee." 14 June 2000. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region4/oeapages/00press/000614.htm

Federal Register (Volume 70, Number 207). Page 61974. “College Grove Battery Chip

Superfund Site; Notice of Proposed Settlement.” 27 October 2005. 25 January 2006.

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20051800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2005/05

-21459.htm

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. "EPA Closes College Grove Field

Office." May 2003. 20 January 2006.

http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dsf/grovemay03.php
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Tennessee

299

Tennessee Department of Public Health. “College Grove Battery Chip Health Consultation

Report.” (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/collegegrove/cgr_p1.html

USEPA. “College Grove Battery Chip.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 20 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406979

Additional Contacts:

Femi Akindele (RPM), (404) 562-8809

Randy Bryant (RPM), (404) 562-8794

Loften Carr (RPM), (404) 562-8804

Tony DeAngelo (RPM), (404) 562-8826

Beth Walden (SAM), (404) 562-8814

Robert West (RPM), (404) 562-8806

Nestor Young (RPM), (404) 562-8812
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Tennessee

300

Site Information

Site Name: Dixie Barrel & Drum

EPA ID No.: TND034692632

Address: 2120 Jones Street, Knoxville, TN 37920

County: Knox

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0407666

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Dixie Barrel & Drum Site is an

abandoned two-story office, warehouse and production facility. The facility formerly operated

as a steel and plastic drum reconditioning business from about 1976 until closing mid-year in

2002 under a petition of bankruptcy and after numerous environmental violations went

unaddressed by the company's officers. Their process included emptying the drum material into

on-site storage tanks and then cleaning and restoring the drum through a series of chemical

processes (using acids, caustics, and paints). Numerous violation at the site were found after an

inspection on August 23, 2001, including waste running in a 6-inch wide stream across the

facility floor where employees worked.

Currently, approximately $1.2 million has been spent on clean up at this site.

Description of Contamination: The area was contaminated with numerous hazardous

substances including lead, chromium, ethyl benzene, and trichloroethylene. Drums stored on site

were found in poor condition and stored next to other incompatible chemicals thus elevating the

risk of fire and explosion.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

31 October 2005.

USEPA. “Dixie Barrel & Drum.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 20 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0407666

USEPA. “Dixie Barrel & Drum.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/DixieBarrel&Drum

Wills, Jennifer. (Assistant Regional Counsel, EPA Region 4) 404-562-9562 Interview, 21

November 2005.

Additional Contacts:

David Andrews (OSC), (404) 562-8763, cell: (404) 434-8837, andrews.david@epa.gov

Sherryl Carbonara (CIC), (404) 562-8611

Steve Spurlin (OSC), (731) 394-8996

David Dorian (OSC), (404) 562-8767, dorian.david@epa.gov
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301

Site Information

Site Name: Far Star

EPA ID No.: TNN000407643

Address: 979 Horse Mountain Road, Shelbyville, TN

County: Bedford

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 407643

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The former Far Star company recycled

cassette tapes, compact discs, and vinyl phonograph record components during the mid 1990's.

The recycling process included a wash line containing sodium hydroxide to dissolve and remove

the labeling from the media. Unprocessed media was stored outside of the building.

Description of Contamination: In November, 1996, Far Star was issued an order by the

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) Division of Solid Waste

Management (DSWM) for improper storage and disposal of waste. Far Star failed to comply

with the order. TDEC inspectors discovered that the facility had been abandoned in 2001. A

vast number of abandoned drums, many of which were unlabeled, were corroded and/or leaking

at the site.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Far Star.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 20 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0407643

USEPA. “Far Star.” On-Scene Coordinator. (n.d.) 20 January 2006. www.epaosc.net/FarStar

Additional Contacts:

Terrence Byrd (OSC), byrd.terrence@epa.gov, (404) 562-8755

Bob Bittinger (R4 POLREP distribution list, ERRB), bittinger.bob@epa.gov

David Randolph (TDEC State Representative), david.randolph@state.tn.us

Steve Spurlin (OSC), (731) 394-8996

Jackie Harvey (EPA), (404) 562-8882
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302

Site Information

Site Name: Jack Goins Waste Oil

EPA ID No.: TND981022395

Address: 801 15th St. N.E., Cleveland, TN 37311

County: Bradley

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0406904

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Jack Goins Waste Oil site was an

oil collection and recycling facility between 1985 and 1999. Although the facility is closed, the

owner/operator, Mr. Jack Goins, continues to perform some activities on site, such as vehicle

maintenance and oil filter crushing. The facility includes three buildings, a warehouse, and an

office. The garage was used for vehicle maintenance and equipment storage. The warehouse

contains the oil filter press and also provides storage space for equipment, tools, and supplies.

The warehouse contained 20 to 30 55-gallon drums. Many of these drums contained crushed and

uncrushed oil filters, while other drums contained lubricating oils or were empty. Eleven aboveground storage tanks (AST) are also located on the facility property and the adjacent property.

Description of Contamination: In 1999, as a result of serious contamination at the site from

years of inadequate waste oil storage and handling practices, USEPA conducted a clean-up

action during which 105,000 gallons of contaminated waste oil, 85,000 gallons of wastewater,

and 224 cubic yards of contaminated soil were removed and shipped offsite for proper disposal.

The site is contaminated with lead and benzene.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. “Administrative Record Index: Jack Goins Waste Oil Removal Site.” 30

November 1999. 20 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/Region4/waste/errb/goinsar.pdf

EPA Region 4. “Fiscal Year 2002 Enforcement & Compliance Assurance Accomplishments

Report.” (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/Region4/ead/attachments/2002_accomplishments_report.pdf

USEPA. “Jack Goins Waste Oil.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.) 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110004982626

USEPA. “Jack Goins Waste Oil.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 20 January 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0406904

Additional Contacts:

Mary C. Johnson (Associate Regional Counsel USEPA, Region 4), (404) 562-9526
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303

Site Information

Site Name: Refined Metals Corporation

EPA ID No.: TND067690040

Address: 257 West Mallory Avenue, Memphis, TN 38109

County: Shelby

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Refined Metals Corporation was a lead

smelter. In 1990 and 1991, National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) violations at this

facility were recorded by monitors near the facility. As a result USEPA designated the portion

of Memphis in Shelby County, Tennessee, around the Refined Metals Corporation secondary

lead smelter as a lead nonattainment area on January 6, 1992. In 1996, USEPA conducted an

inspection of this facility and found that violations were due to compliance issues (i.e., poor

housekeeping methods). During the second quarter of 1998, a violation of the lead NAAQS

occurred in the Shelby County nonattainment area. Subsequently, the MSCHD issued a Notice of

Violation giving Refined Metals, Inc. options to surrender all of its permits or pay a fine and

conduct extensive remodeling of the facility. Refined Metals, Inc. chose to surrender all of its

permits and shut down permanently on December 22, 1998. As a result, the 1994 submittal was

no longer applicable and MSCHD withdrew and replaced it with a new submittal dated March

17, 2000.

The site was issued a RCRA permit in September 2002.

Description of Contamination: Unknown

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 4. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste). 31 October

2005.

Federal Register 65: 56794-56797. “Approval and Promulgation of the Implementation Plan for

the Shelby County, Tennessee Lead Nonattainment Area.” 20 September 2000. 21

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-AIR/2000/September/Day20/a24042.htm

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile - Refined Metals Corporation.” 6 June

2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=TND067690040.

USEPA. “Refined Metals Corporation.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 21 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000374112.

USEPA. “Refined Metals Corporation.” RCRA Info. 16 October 2002. 18 January 2006.
Appendix 2

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304

Additional Contacts:

Matt Love Dustin, (610) 921-4063
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Tennessee

305

Site Information

Site Name: Ross Metals, Inc.

EPA ID No.: TND096070396

Address: 100 N Railroad Street, Rossville, TN 38066

County: Fayette

NPL Site: Final: 4/1/1997

In CERCLIS Database: 0403822

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Fifteen acres of this 200-acre parcel

were used by Ross Metals (RM) in a secondary lead smelting operation from 1978 to 1992. The

facility was RCRA-permitted; however, it is unclear when the permit was issued. They primarily

used lead from spent lead-acid batteries but also recovered other materials including lead plates,

lead oxide, scrap metal, etc. Ross melted the lead and cast it into ingots for resale.

From 1978 until June 20, 1992, RM operated a secondary lead smelter at the site. Prior to 1978,

the property was undeveloped. RM produced specification alloyed lead that was sold for use in

manufacturing vehicle batteries, lead shot pellets, and sheet lead (radiation shields). The facility

received spent lead acid batteries, spent lead plates, lead oxide, scrap metal, and other lead waste

and material from various businesses and industries, including battery crackers and battery

manufacturers. The primary material used for the recycling process was spent lead acid batteries,

with automotive and industrial batteries accounting for 80 percent of the raw material processed.

The remaining 20 percent consisted of other lead-bearing materials, such as recycled dross, dust

slag, and factory scrap. Facility operations included not only the smelting of lead and other scrap

metals but a variety of other products, such as crushed drums, limestone, steel, and cast iron.

These materials were added to the blast furnace as flux to create a reducing atmosphere. Wastes

generated from the process included slag, plastic chips, waste acid, lead emission control dusts,

and lead-contaminated stormwater.

Upon receipt, batteries were stored on pallets located east and southeast of the facility; each

pallet held about 50 batteries. The batteries were then conveyed to the wrecker building for the

battery breaking operation. According to facility representatives, 99 to 99.5 percent of the lead

content was recovered. The molten lead product was then moved to the refinery area. Acid and

sludge obtained during the battery breaking operation contained residual amounts of lead and

lead acid; the acid and sludge were transferred to the wastewater treatment unit to reclaim the

remaining lead. Lead was reclaimed by allowing it to settle further in aboveground collection

tanks. This lead sludge, collected prior to neutralization, was transferred to the blast furnace area

and immediately fed into the furnace. The remaining acid was neutralized with liquid caustic

soda. Upon neutralization, the solution was held for additional settling to precipitate dissolved

metals. Sludge resulting from the neutralization process was also collected in settling tanks and

recycled into the blast furnace with other lead scrap.

Several areas of the operating facility contained large volumes of lead-bearing materials. With

the exception of the container storage area, the lead-bearing materials were not containerized;

instead, they were placed on the asphalt foundation of the facility or directly on facility soils.
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306

From 1979 until December 1988, blast slag that had accumulated as a part of the smelting

process was disposed of in an on-site landfill. USEPA's RCRA Compliance Section conducted a

sampling investigation on December 7, 1988, to determine if the waste generated at the facility

should be regulated. On December 20, 1988, the Tennessee Department of Health and

Environment (TDHE) suspended all further processing of the request until results from the

USEPA sampling event could be assessed and the USEPA could determine whether the blast

slag was a nonhazardous waste. Several references in the USEPA files for the RM Site debate

the status of blast slag as a hazardous waste. File material also indicates that on April 20, 1990,

RM applied for a solid waste classification variance for the blast slag. A sampling investigation

was also conducted on May 9, 1990, to determine if smelting and landfilling activities at the

facility were causing adverse environmental impacts. The variance was denied on June 6, 1990,

because USEPA determined that blast slag was a hazardous waste and subject to the full extent

of RCRA regulations. In September of 1990, RCRA issued a Complaint and Compliance Order

against Ross Metals. After several months of extensive negotiations, the parties reached an

agreement to settle the case. However, the company never signed the Consent Agreement,

because of its precarious financial condition. In 1992, Ross Metals, Inc. received an

Administrative Dissolution under Articles of Incorporation. There is no known successor entity.

Because of this, all State and Federal RCRA enforcement actions at the Site ceased.

Once negotiations failed with Ross Metals and all operations ceased at the facility, the Site was

referred to USEPA's Emergency Response and Removal Branch (ERRB). On June 15, 1994,

ERRB conducted a Site visit. Based upon ERRB's file review and Site visit, the Ross Metals Site

met the criteria for a high priority removal action. The removal action began in September 1994

and was completed in June 1995. The removal consisted of segregating, staging, or removing 46

waste streams. Approximately 6,000 cubic yards (CY) of lead-bearing blast slag was staged in

on-site buildings.

An Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) was finalized in February 1998. In

considering the information presented in the EE/CA and the statutory limits which apply to nontime critical removal actions, USEPA determined that a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

Report that develops appropriate remedial action alternatives was needed for this site. On March

24, 1998, USEPA sent general notice letters to the Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs). The

threat of human exposure and reports of trespassing caused USEPA to perform a removal action

in June and September of 1998. About 10,000 CY of slag are landfilled in an unlined and

unsecured area located just north of the facility process area. About 6,000 CY of stockpiled lead

slag material are still stored at the facility inside deteriorating sheet metal buildings. The

buildings are no longer providing protection from weather conditions because of deterioration.

Data collected in the investigation revealed lead-contaminated surface soils (outside the fenced

facility - approximately 8.58 acres). This area is adjacent to residential property and is located

within a designated wetland. The removal action consisted of placing tarpaulins over the 6,000

CY of stockpiled lead slag and installing security fencing around the contaminated surface soils

and landfill. The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study was finalized in November 1998.
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307

A RCRA permit was issued in September 1990. The RCRA permit was terminated in September

1993. Clean up expenditures at this site as of September 2004 are $9,990,564.07.

Description of Contamination: Contamination included lead, barium, cadmium, and zinc.

Approximately 4,400 gallons, 170 tons, and 1,700 cubic yards of wastes were removed from the

site. Significant quantities of blast slag still remain on-site. Contamination was most likely

related to spillage of battery acid and slag material left at the site. These contaminants affected

surrounding lands and seeped into groundwater.

Lead-contaminated surface soil is present across the site. Lead concentrations in most surface

soil and sediment samples collected throughout the site exceeded 400 ppm. In addition,

aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and

vanadium were detected above risk-based remedial goal option (RGO) levels. In addition, high

levels of subsurface soil contamination were found in two isolated locations in the process area;

east of the wrecker building, and southeast of the truck wash. Analytical results of groundwater

samples revealed the presence of several inorganic compounds at concentrations that either

exceed the primary or secondary drinking water standards or the State of Tennessee domestic

water supply criteria. Aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, manganese,

nickel and vanadium were detected above respective guidance concentrations and/or RGO levels.

Analytical results of surface water samples revealed concentrations of several inorganic

compounds that exceeded background concentrations. Significant inorganic contaminants

included antimony, arsenic, cadmium, iron, lead, and manganese. As a result of the baseline risk

assessment completed for the RI, COCs were defined for soil and groundwater. For the

protection of human health, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead,

manganese, selenium, and vanadium were defined as soil COCs. Groundwater COCs include

aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and vanadium.

The ecological risk assessment conducted for the RM site identified wetlands north and east of

the facility, as well as the facility itself, as areas of concern and evaluated the degree of

contamination in wetlands farther from the facility that had not been previously evaluated. The

ecological risk assessment concluded that of the metals calculated to pose a potential risk, lead

posed the highest risk to the ecological risk receptors at the site.

Sources of Information:

Hey, Andy (Paralegal) (404) 562-9522, Interview. 22 November 2005.

Matory, Derrick (RPM) (404) 562-8800, Interview. 12 November 2005.

USEPA. EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Ross Metals Operable Unit 2.” 17 September

2002. 20 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0402076.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 20 January

2006.
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308

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Ross Metals, Inc.” 1 April 1997. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0403822.pdf

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Ross Metals.” RCRA Info. 6 June

2006. 21 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=TND096070396

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Ross Metals, Inc.”CERCLIS. 11 September 2006.

21 October 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0403822

USEPA. “Tennessee NPL/NPL Caliber Cleanup Site Summaries: Ross Metals.” 12 December

2005. 20 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/npltn/rossmetn.htm

Additional Contacts:

Beth Brown (RPM), (404) 562-8814

Derrick Matory (RPM), (404) 562-8800

Andy Hey (paralegal), (404) 562-9522
Appendix 2

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309

Site Information:

Site Name: Aztec Mercury

EPA ID No.: TXD061284105

Address: 970 Callaway Drive, Alvin, TX

County: Brazoria

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: From 1974 to 1985, mercury was

recycled at this site. An enforcement order issued by the Texas Water Commission on May 13,

1986, required operations to cease. During its operations, there were no controls on the

management of the hazardous waste and the man operating the site had no hazardous waste

permits.

The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: A remedial investigation to determine the nature and extent of

contamination was completed July 11, 1994. Results indicated that mercury contamination of

soils and ditch sediments on the site at potentially harmful levels. A baseline risk assessment

concluded that further action was needed to eliminate any potential imminent and substantial

endangerment to human health and the environment. Following approval of the baseline risk

assessment, a feasibility study (FS) report was submitted and reviewed. The FS report developed

three alternatives, with excavation and off-site disposal as the preferred alternative. As a result of

the removal of soil and sediment, there is no longer a source for groundwater contamination.

The site no longer presents an endangerment to public health or the environment and was

deemed suitable for residential use.

Sources of Information:

Boucher, Carol (Texas Commission Environmental Quality) (512) 239-2501, Interview

9 December 2005.

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “Texas Superfund Site: Aztec Mercury, Inc.”

10 August 2006. 22 October 2006.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/aztecmer.html

USEPA. “Aztec Mercury Inc.” RCRA Info. 2 September 2000. 16 January 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Carol Boucher (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), (512) 239-2501

cboucher@tceq.state.tx.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

310

Site Information:

Site Name: Baldwin Waste Oil

EPA ID No.: TXD980626987

Address: Farm Road 1889, Robstown, TX

County: Nueces

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: The property was leased for use as a

waste oil processing facility from 1978 to 1986. The site was inspected by the Texas Water

Commission in November 1986 and found to be abandoned. Contaminants include

hydrocarbons, metals, nonvolatile organics.

As of September 2004, clean up costs at the site amounted to $1,635,504.01.

Description of Contamination: Preliminary investigations of analyzed soil samples indicated

elevated lead, chromium, barium, and arsenic concentrations.

Sources of Information:

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “Superfund Site Profile: Baldwin Waste Oil.”

30 June 2006. 22 October 2006.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/baldwin.html

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2005. 20 January

2006.

Additional Contacts:

Carol Dye (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), (512) 239-1504
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

311

Site Information

Site Name: CFF Recycling Titanium Fire

EPA ID No.: TXN000605636

Address: 7501 Wallaceville Rd, Houston, TX 77020

County: Harris

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0605636

Description of Contamination: On November 15, 2003, a fire broke out at the CFF Recycling

facility as a result of cutting titanium rods in a heat exchanger with a plasma torch. The titanium

fire could not be extinguished and the fire was left to burn itself out. Upon arrival, Houston

HazMat determined from information provided by the PRP that the fire was emitting a

hazardous plume. The fire burned itself out and CFF Recycling committed to cleaning up the

surrounding area.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “CFF Recycling Titanium Fire.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 22 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605636

USEPA. “CFF Recycling Titanium Fire.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/CFFRecycling

Additional Contacts:

Rita Engblom (OSC), engblom.rita@epa.gov

Jon Rinehart (SAM), (214) 665-6789
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

312

Site Information

Site Name: Dixie Oil Processors, Inc.

EPA ID No.: TXD089793046

Address: 2505 Choate Rd, Friendswood, TX 77546

County: Harris

NPL Site: Final: 10/4/1989

In CERCLIS Database: 0600006

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site was originally a copper

recovery and hydrocarbon washing facility operated by Intercoastal Chemical Company from

1969 to 1978. In 1978, Dixie Oil Processors (DOP) began oil recovery including cuprous

chloride catalyst, hydrocarbon washing, oil washing, and blending/distilling residues. Dixie

went on to store wastes on site and transport them off site for disposal or recycling and

ultimately shut down five years later. The original operation used a series of lagoons that are

still on site. There is a creek that runs along the western border of the site. The site did not have

a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: Contamination was the result of mismanagement of recyclables.

Often, materials were left on the ground before being recycled and residuals were left on the

ground following the recycling process. Spills from the operations have contaminated the nearby

Mud Gully and Clear Creek. DOP detected lead, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and copper in

on-site wells. DOP removed 6000 cubic yards of contaminated soil. At least six lagoons with

accumulated copper sediment and 500 barrels of a copper catalyst are allegedly buried on site.

Sources of Information:

Meyer, John C. (RPM), (214) 665-6742, Interview 8 December 2005.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Dixie Oil Processors, Inc.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0600006

USEPA. “Dixie Oil Processors, Inc.” RCRA Info. (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Dixie Oil Processors.” 31 March 1988. 20

January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/superrods/index.cfm?fuseaction=data.siterods&siteid=0600006

Additional Contacts:

John C. Meyer (RPM), (214) 665-6742

Rosemary Vazquez (CIC), (214) 665-8575
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

313

Site Information:

Site Name: Encycle/Texas Inc.

EPA ID No.: TXD008117186

Address: 5500 Up River Road, Corpus Christi, TX 78407

County: Nueces

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Description of Recycling Operation: Process and recover usable materials from metal bearing

waste streams such as waste sludge generated from plating operations (F006 series), bag house

dust and spent catalyst. The metals recovered include copper, nickel, lead, chromium, zinc,

cadmium and some precious metals.

USEPA and Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) alleged that

Encycle/Texas, Inc., ASARCO’s wholly-owned subsidiary in Corpus Christi, violated RCRA by

failing to properly manage hazardous waste and otherwise engaging in unlawful recycling

practices. EPA accused the company of misrepresenting more than 5,000 tons of material as

containing metals for reclamation. Of this material, more than 300 tons of nonmetallic residues

from the former Army chemical warfare depot at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal outside Denver. It

is not clear what the arsenal’s material contained. The company has settled with the government.

A RCRA permit was issued to the facility in September 1988.

Description of Contamination: The USEPA and TNRCC won a case in 1999 that

Encycle/Texas, Inc., ASARCO's wholly-owned subsidiary in Corpus Christi, violated RCRA at

the facility by failing to properly manage hazardous waste and otherwise engaging in unlawful

recycling practices. Releases of metals such as arsenic, lead, and mercury have resulted in onsite and off-site soil contamination that will require some remedial action.

Under the agreement, ASARCO will implement site-wide corrective action at the Encycle/Texas

plant and will undertake a project expected to prevent the burial of more than half-million

pounds of potentially cancer-causing and toxic material each year in hazardous waste landfills.

ASARCO also will implement an innovative new technology, electrowinning, to fully reclaim

metals from waste brought to the facility costing $15 million. In addition, the company will clean

up and dedicate to the public a 30-acre conservation area in Corpus Christi including trails, an

environmental education area, and a permanent site for an air monitoring station.

Sources of Information

Blumenthal, Ralph. “Copper Plant Illegally Burned Hazardous Waste, E.P.A. Says.” New York

Times. 12 October 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

314

Federal Register (Volume 64, Number 85) Page 23858-23859. “Notice of Consent Decree Under

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and Clean Water Act.” 4 May 1999. 25

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/1999/May/Day-04/f11074.htm

Toxic Texas. “Corpus Christi’s Refinery Row.” (n.d) 23 October 2006.

http://www.txpeer.org/toxictour/corpus_christi.html

USEPA. “Asarco will Address Alleged Hazardous Waste, Clean Water Violations.” 15 April

1999. 20 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/11a3a77209f154858525675b006d30f2?Open

Document

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Encycle Texas Inc.” RCRA Info. 6

June 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=TXD008117186
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

315

Site Information:

Site Name: J.C. Pennco Waste Oil Service

EPA ID No.: TXD982164162

Address: 4927 Higdon Road, San Antonio, TX

County: Bexar

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0604940

Description of Recycling Operation: The site was operated from May 1984 until April 1992.

During its 8years of operation, the site received an unknown quantity of used barrels and various

chemicals, including used oil, antifreeze, and solvents. Most of the oil and other chemicals were

sold to recyclers, and the drums were sold for use as animal feeders, trash barrels, and barbeque

pits. Pollution at the site resulted from spills and discharges from the oil storage tanks and from

the barrel-cleaning activities. The site did not have a permit at any time.

Description of Contamination: In 1991, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission

(TNRCC) investigators discovered that the same types of solvents spilled on the ground at the

J.C. Pennco site were present in one of the nearby residential water wells. In May 1992, the

owner filed bankruptcy, and the site was abandoned. Contaminants include: chlorinated and

non-chlorinated solvents, metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total petroleum

hydrocarbons (TPH), benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, xylene, and tetrachloride. From 1995 to

1996, in cooperation with the TNRCC and the San Antonio Water System, USEPA extended city

water lines into the area. Additionally, USEPA removed approximately 4,000 drums, 120 cubic

yards of soil and debris, 31,500 gallons of liquid wastes, and 23 tanks from the site to eliminate

potential sources of surface and groundwater contamination. In November 1996, USEPA

referred the J.C. Pennco site back to the state for further remedial action. While material was

sold to recyclers, poor housekeeping practices led to contamination.

On February 24, 2005, a legal notice of citation by publication was published in the Eagle Pass

News Guide identifying 21 of 52 parties responsible for waste at the J.C. Pennco Waste Oil

Service Superfund site.

Sources of Information:

Boucher, Carol (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality) (512) 239-2501, Interview. 9

December 2005.

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “J.C. Pennco Waste Oil Services.” 9 January

2006. 20 January 2006.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/jcpennco.html

Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. “Community Relations Plan for the J.C.

Waste Oil Recycling Superfund Site Bexar County, Texas.” November 1999. 20

January 2006. http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/remediation/superfund/

register/pdf0134.pdf
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

316

USEPA. “J.C. Pennco Waste Oil Svc: Multisystem Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. 20

January 2006. 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005194146.

USEPA. “Site Information: J.C. Pennco Waste Oil Svc.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23

October 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0604940.

Additional Contacts:

Carol Boucher (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), (512) 239-2501

cboucher@tceq.state.tx.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

317

Site Information

Site Name: Lyon Property

EPA ID No.: TX0001861731

Address: London, TX

County: Kimble

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This property covers 6 acres in an area

adjacent to the Llano River. A small wire burning operation was conducted at the site for metal

recovery. The burn site encompassed an area of 75 feet by 60 feet. TNRCC first investigated the

site in 1996 after receiving a complaint about burning.

Description of Contamination: The soil at the site was contaminated with barium, cadmium,

chromium, lead, and TPH. Clean up at the site was completed August 31, 2004. The cost of

remediation was $60,717.33.

Sources of Information:

Dye, Carol (Project Contact) (512) 239-1504, Interview 7 December 2005.

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “Lyon Property.” 26 March 2004. 20 January

2006. http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/lyonproperty.html.

Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. “Lyon Property Proposed State Superfund

Site Kimble County, Texas: Community Relations Plan.” September 2002. 20 January

2006. http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/remediation/superfund/

register/pdf0211.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Carol Dye (Project Contact), (512) 239-1504 or (800) 633-9363
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

318

Site Information

Site Name: Malone Services Company - Swan Lake Plant

EPA ID No.: TXD980864789

Address: Loop 197, South Texas City, TX 77590

County: Galveston

NPL Site: Final: 6/14/2001

In CERCLIS Database: 0602922

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Malone Services Company (MSC)

site covers approximately 150 acres. Approximately 100 acres in the northeastern portion of the

site were developed for the storage, processing and disposal of industrial hazardous wastes. The

facility operated from 1964 until 1996 or 1997. MSC was originally permitted as a waste oil

reclamation facility, but later added hazardous waste underground injection/disposal wells.

Wastes were received by the facility from a variety of industries. Wastes from the reclamation

process were disposed of in the onsite deep injection wells. The original operation, which began

in 1964, consisted of two earthen unlined pits which received incoming wastes. The larger pit,

which served as a settling pond, was used for wastes with high solids and/or water content. The

oil fraction would rise to the surface of the large pit where it was skimmed off and pumped to a

smaller oil pit. Oils in the oil pit were then pumped to one of several tanks for treatment. The oil

was then resold as waste oil for energy recovery. American Petroleum Institute (API) separators

were installed in 1979 and 1987 to replace the settling pond and oil pit; however the pond and pit

were never cleaned/removed, hazardous liquid wastes and solids still remain in the open large pit

and closed small oil pit. Oils separated in the two API units were pumped to holding/treatment

tanks; waste water was pumped to the injection wells for disposal and the solids were sent to an

offsite hazardous waste landfill for disposal. The site had its operating permit revoked by Texas

and has been in bankruptcy since July of 1988.

Description of Contamination: The two sources of contamination on the site are the settling

basin surface impoundment/earthen impoundment and the oil pit. The wastewater settling pond,

the waste collection pond and the stormwater pond were excavated through the shallow channel

sand aquifer and into the underlying clay layer, and therefore, the wastewater ponds

supply/supplied contaminants to the shallow ground water. Groundwater sampling results

indicate that groundwater has been impacted by hazardous wastes in the area of the inactive 5-

acre impoundment and the 100 Unit Separator. The principal contaminants of concern at this site

are myriad organic and inorganic chemical wastes in the form of liquids, sludges and solids

present in the above ground storage tanks, the API separators, the settling pond, and the surface

soils of some of the secondary containment areas on the site. Some hazardous substances such as

chlorinated solvents, phenols, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chromium, and lead have

contaminated the underlying groundwater, adjacent wetlands and the bay which is a National

Estuary and a major fishery. The groundwater pathway appears to be the only ongoing active

release of hazardous substances occurring at the site.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

319

Sources of Information:

Texas Department of Health under a Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic

Substances and Disease Registry. “Public Health Assessment: Malone Services

Company – Swan Lake Plant.” 30 January 2002. 20 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/malone/msc_toc.html.

USEPA. “Malone Service Company Fact Sheet.” 10 January 2006. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6sf/pdffiles/0602922.pdf.

USEPA. “Malone Services Co –Swan Lake Plant Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data

Warehouse. (n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100093

13484.

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Malone Service Company Inc.” 7 October 2004. 20 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1611.htm.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile: Malone Service Co - Swan Lake Plant.” CERCLIS.

12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0602922

Zehner, Warren. EPA On-scene Coordinator. Pollution Report to Director, OERR. 25

September 2001. 20 January 2006.

http://yosemite1.epa.gov/r6/polreps.nsf/0/6f449ba1bbed17be86256c7800603cb9?OpenD

ocument,

Additional Contacts:

Charles David Abshire (Remedial Project Manager), (214) 665-7188

Alan Etheredge (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Project Manager Superfund

Cleanup Section), (512) 239-2139

Donn Walters (CIC), (214) 665-6483

Anne Foster (Site Attorney), (214) 665.2169

I-jung Chiang, (214) 665-2160

Karen Bond (State Coordinator), (214) 665-6682

Arnold Ondarza (Region 6 Public Liaison), (800) 533-3508 or 303-312-6777

Warren Zehner, (On-scene Coordinator), (281) 983-2229
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

320

Site Information

Site Name: Many Diversified Interests

EPA ID No.: TXD008083404

Address: 3617 Baer Street, Houston, TX 77020

County: Harris

NPL Site: Final: 1/19/1999

In CERCLIS Database: 0605008

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Steel casting operations began at the

36-acre site in 1926 under the company name Texas Electric Steel Casting Company (TESCO).

Primary operations included manufacturing specialty molds and casting specialty steel parts.

During the 1980s, the southern portion of the site was leased to Can-Am Resources Group (CanAm) to operate a spent catalyst recycling operation. Can-Am reportedly purchased 4,236 drums

of spent catalyst material from refineries and chemical plants, and stored the drums on the leased

portion of the site. By 1988, the catalyst recycling operations ceased, and the stored drums were

abandoned on site. In February 1991, TESCO ceased operations. Many Diversified Interests

(MDI) foreclosed on the site and later reopened as the San Jacinto Foundry (SJF), a subsidiary of

MDI. MDI filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy on May 20, 1992, and SJF ceased facility operations on

approximately June 1, 1992. The on-site facilities were demolished as a salvage operation under

order of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court between March 1995 and January 1996. USEPA is currently

performing a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the Site.

Description of Contamination: Poor housekeeping practices and site abandonment led to

environmental damage. Soil samples taken in 1994 revealed elevated concentrations of arsenic,

chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, and nickel in the drum storage areas and an on-site landfill. In

the north and south drum storage areas, 5,355 drums are reported to contain spent catalyst from

chemical companies and refineries. The drums are deteriorating and leaking; the landfill located

in the southern portion of the site reportedly received inorganic slag and foundry sand; and

approximately 41 acres of contaminated soil are located within the MDI property boundary and

contaminated soil at nearby residences. Sixty-four residences have been documented to contain

contaminated soil.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Many Diversified Interests Inc Fact Sheet.” 13 January 2006. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6sf/pdffiles/0605008.pdf

USEPA. “Many Diversified Interests.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. n.d. 20 January 2006.

http://www.epaosc.net/site_profile.asp?site_id=06FE.

USEPA. “Many Diversified Interests Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.). 20 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100050

37361
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

321

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile: Many Diversified Interests Inc.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605008

Additional Contacts:

Stacey Bennett (EPA Region 6), Remedial Project Manager (214) 665-6729

Rafael Casanova (EPA Region 6), Remedial Project Manager (214) 665-7437

Rosemary Vasquez (CIC), (214) 665-8575

Greg Fife (OSC), fife.greg@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

322

Site Information:

Site Name: McBay Oil and Gas

EPA ID No.: None

Address: Farm Road 1272, Grapeland, TX

County: Houston

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Description of Recycling Operation: From 1941 to 1959, the McBay Oil and Gas site was the

location of an oil refinery. It then became a waste oil reclamation plant until all operations

ceased in 1987. At that time, site facilities included approximately 30 above-ground tanks, six

earthen disposal pits, three concrete pits, and one saltwater injection well. More than 30 drums

were scattered across the site. In January 1987, the site was listed on the Texas Superfund

Registry.

On May 9, 2003, the Texas Attorney General published a legal notice in the Texas Register, (28

TexReg 3857) proposing resolution of an environmental lawsuit against a potentially responsible

party in accordance with §7.110 of the Texas Health and Safety Code, and inviting public written

comment on the determination that the potentially responsible party has satisfied the terms and

condition of the administrative order as to his divisible share of the waste, and providing for a

release from the administrative order.

Description of Contamination: Contaminants from the drums onsite included arsenic, barium,

benzene, chromium, ethylbenzene, hydrocarbons, lead, naphthalene, and xylene. Soil on the site

was contaminated, and a remedial investigation found groundwater contamination. Cleanup is

still underway.

Sources of Information:

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “McBay Oil and Gas.” 15 October 2004. 21

January 2006. http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/mcbay.html.

Additional Contacts:

Alan Etheredge (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), (512) 239-2139,

aethered@tceq.state.tx.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

323

Site Information

Site Name: Melton Kelly Property

EPA ID No.: TX0000852111

Address: NE County Road 3250 S. of FM 85, Ennis, TX

County: Navarro

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0605204

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Melton Kelly Property is 13 acres

of privately owned property. The property was used by the owner (now deceased) to conduct

metal salvaging operations. On or before February 1, 1994, salvage materials (insulated copper

wire, tubing, electrical parts, switches, and circuit cards, etc.) were transported to the site, placed

in piles, and burned using automobile tires to ignite the debris. Recoverable metals were

removed from the ash piles and presumably sold for salvage value. Remaining scrap and ashlike wastes were left in place. The site consists of three burn areas containing eight ash piles.

The total burn area is almost an acre in size. In 2001, the site was listed on Texas’ Superfund

registry and the site was deleted in February 2004 after cleanup of the site was deemed complete.

Description of Contamination: The soil and groundwater at the site were polluted with

cadmium, copper, chromium, inorganics, semi-volatiles, and pesticides.

Sources of Information:

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “McBay Oil and Gas.” 26 March 2005. 21

January 2006. http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/melkelly.html

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “Notice of Final Deletion of Melton Kelly

Property from the Texas Superfund Registry as published in the Texas Register (29

TexReg 1439-1440).” 13 February 2004. 21 January 2006.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/remediation/superfund/register/pdf0261.pdf.

USEPA. “Melton E Kelly Deceased Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

21 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100172

79452.

USEPA. “Melton Kelly Property Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 21

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100093

12715

USEPA. “Site Information: Melton Kelly Property.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 20 January

2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605204
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

324

Additional Contacts:

Barry Lands (Project Contact), (512) 239-6547 or (800) 633-9363, blands@tceg.state.tx.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

325

Site Information:

Site Name: Poly-Cycle Industries Tecula

EPA ID No.: TXT490012689

Address: FM 2064 and CR 4216, Tecula, TX

County: Cherokee

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Description of Recycling Operation: Prior to May 1982, and up to January 1990, Poly-Cycle

Industries, Inc., Tecula operated as a recycler of lead from lead acid batteries. They also recycled

plastic and rubber chips from ground up battery cases. The site is now inactive and abandoned.

The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Description of Contamination: The facility came under intense scrutiny after 1983 when a

physician notified OSHA of a worker seriously ill with lead intoxication. OSHA documented

approximately 24 cases of lead poisoning between October 1983 and August 1989. In 1983, the

site received contaminated soil from a nearby Poly-Cycle operation in Jacksonville. In 1984 lead

contamination was documented in soils at 281,000 parts per million. Additional analysis in 1986

documented 350,000 part per million of lead in soils. Although numerous violation notices were

issued, the owner failed to abide by orders or agreements to cease operations or to reduce the

hazard. Finally, in 1991, USEPA was granted court authority to enter the site and abate the

substantial endangerment. USEPA excavated 9 acres of contaminated soil, constructed two

temporary buildings and filled them with 2,200 bags, each with 1.7 cubic yards of contaminated

soil. The remaining contaminated soil was consolidated in a stockpile and covered with a 2-foot

soil cap that was seeded. The soil cap has since eroded. The results of February 2000 soil

sampling showed lead still to be a matter of concern.

Sources of Information Contacts:

EPA Region 6. “POLREP No. 1 (Polycycle - Tecula - Supersack disposal).” (n.d.). 21 January

2006.

http://yosemite1.epa.gov/r6/polreps.nsf/0/837f6da1585633d286256ab80059864f?OpenD

ocument

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “Poly-Cycle Industries, Tecula.” 5 January

2005. 21 January 2006.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/polycycl-tecula.html

USEPA. “Poly-Cycle Industries Inc. Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

21 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100109

35417

USEPA. “Poly Cycle Industries Inc.” RCRA Info. 2 September 2000. 18 January 2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

326

USEPA. “Poly-Cycle Industries, Tecula.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0603919

Additional Contacts:

Alonzo Arredondo (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), (512) 239-2145 or (800)

633-9363, aarredon@tceq.state.tx.us
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Texas

327

Site Information

Site Name: Rockwool Industries, Inc.

EPA ID No.: TXD06637964

Address: 1741 Taylor’s Valley Road, Belton, TX 76903

County: Bell

NPL Site: Final: 9/29/1998

In CERCLIS Database: 0605009

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Rockwool Industries, Inc.

manufactured mineral wool insulation from mid-1950s until February 1987. From 1984 to 1987,

Rockwool operated under a RCRA permit. The facility manufactured two types of mineral wool

insulation: blow wool and batt wool. The mineral wool was manufactured in blast furnaces using

raw material such as slags from copper and antimony smelting, waste from limestone mining and

coke and basalts. The raw material was melted in a coke-fired furnace and then extruded by

blowing air over spinning drums to form fibers. The residue left in the furnace from the heating

of the slags was a metal “shot” type material. This “spent iron shot” was the main waste type

generated as a part of the Rockwool production process. This material was piled in the North

Shot Pile (NSP), the South Shot Pile (SSP), and the Cemetery Shot Pile (CSP).

The NSP area began receiving spent shot material waste in the mid-1950s. By 1982, the NSP

covered more than 3 acres and there was no room for further expansion. The northern edge of the

NSP was on the southern bank of the Leon River and waste runoff had been detected going into

the River. The NSP was reduced to about 2 acres after waste was hauled to an off-site disposal

area. In 1983, a dirt cover was placed over the NSP to reduce fugitive dust and the infiltration of

rain. A french drain system was installed along the northern edge of the shot pile to intercept and

collect leachate as it flowed horizontally toward the Leon River. This french drain carried the

liquid to a concrete sump and the water that collected in the sump was pumped to the lined

Evaporation Lagoon.

It is not clear when the SSP began receiving waste; however, beginning in 1984, some of the

spent shot material was removed from the SSP and was recycled as an ingredient in brick

making. The shot was mixed with cement and baghouse dust; it was shaped into bricks and then

used as raw material feed for the furnace. An unknown amount of the shot was recycled in this

way. It is not known when the CSP began receiving waste.

Cleanup costs at the site equaled $3,122,434.09.

Description of Contamination: Known sources of contamination are contaminated soils

associated with the South Shot Pile (estimated to contain 20,000 to 30,000 cubic yards of waste),

the North Shot Pile (estimated to contain between 15,000 and 25,000 cubic yards of waste), and

the Cemetery Shot Pile (waste volume unknown).

Sediment is also contaminated; however, the data are not available for the types of contaminants.
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Antimony, arsenic, and lead in residual waste remaining in the former baghouse dust

impoundment represents the primary ground water contaminant source. Analytical results for

samples collected in the vicinity of the NSP, SSP and evaporation lagoon areas also indicate

waste materials as a probable antimony and arsenic source. This conclusion is also supported by

the arsenic results from the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and antimony

results from the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) tests. The TCLP results

exhibited arsenic leachate concentrations up to 1.02 mg/L from fine waste material in the SSP.

The SPLP results revealed antimony leachate concentrations up to 3.1 mg/L from the NSP

samples. The absence of TCLP-arsenic in the NSP samples and the relatively low antimony

concentration in the SPLP samples from the SSP are most likely the result of waste material

variations not captured by the samples.

Chemical analysis of sediment samples in the Leon River and in Nolan Creek indicated the

presence of inorganics in concentrations above the release criteria. The Leon River adjacent to

and downstream of the seep sites revealed arsenic and lead concentrations above background

levels. Analysis of sediment samples collected from the same 24 locations also revealed

elevated levels of antimony, arsenic, and lead.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “Final Record of Decision: Rockwool Industries Inc. Superfund Site.” September

2004. 21 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6sf/pdffiles/rockwool_rod_9_2004.pdf

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 20 September 2004. 21 January

2006.

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Rockwool Industries Inc.” 29 September 1998. 21 January

2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n0605009.pdf

USEPA. “Rockwool Industries Inc Fact Sheet.” January 2006. 21 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6sf/pdffiles/0605009.pdf

USEPA. “Rockwool Industries Inc. Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.).

21 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100093

13625

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Rockwool Industries Inc.” CERCLIS. 11

September 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605009

Additional Contacts:

Shawn Ghose (RPM), (214) 665-6782
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329

Site Information:

Site Name: Voda Petroleum, Inc. (Ultra Oil)

EPA ID No.: TXD061287918

Address: Duncan Road, Clarksville City, TX 75693

County: Gregg

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0604923

Description of Recycling Operation: The Voda Petroleum, Inc site operated as a waste oil

recycling facility from October 1981 until it was abandoned in November 1991. The site is

located in a residential neighborhood with occupied residences located directly on the east and

west sides. During the decade Voda was in business, the facility operated as a 600-barrel-perday maximum design capacity, vacuum distillation waste oil recycling facility. Voda Petroleum,

Inc., received, stored, and processed lubricating oils, transmission oils, hydraulic oils, diesel oils,

kerosene, gasoline, aromatic and paraffinic solvents and marketed the heavy residual oil and

lubricating oil. Wastes from this process were accumulated in 55-gallon drums for on-site

storage and/or in storage tanks prior to refining and blending.

On February 10, 1989, during execution of a search warrant at the Voda Petroleum, Inc. facility,

federal agents observed a ditch cut through a levee surrounding the process area. Wastewater

being discharged from this ditch exceeded limits set for the Voda Petroleum, Inc. NPDES

permit. The investigation was conducted by the USEPA Criminal Investigation Division with

assistance from the FBI. On February 1, 1993, in the Northern District of Texas, Ronald L.

Voda, Sr., owner of Voda Petroleum, Inc. was sentenced for National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System (NPDES) violations by a U.S. District Judge.

Description of Contamination: Releases from the site have been documented onto adjacent

residential property and into a tributary of Campbell's Creek. A review of the facility waste

management activity records revealed that Voda Petroleum received, stored and processed waste

gasolines, oily wastes, used oil mixed with methyl ethyl ketone, varsol, trichloroethane, toluene,

and hexane, crude oil, greases and waxes. In 1996, USEPA contracted an emergency removal of

462 55-gallon drums of grease or oily wastes; 14 55-gallon drums of corrosive wastes; 16 aboveground tanks and associated contaminated soil. Post-removal analysis of soil samples indicated

some contamination remained above health-based levels. Contaminants include heavy metals

and volatile organics.

The site did not have a RCRA permit.

Sources of Information:

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. “Voda Petroleum Inc. (Ultra Oil).” 11 May

2005. 21 January 2006.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/superfund/state/voda.html
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330

Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. “Community Relations Plan for Voda

Petroleum Proposed State Superfund Site Clarksville City, Gregg County, Texas.”

January 2001. 21 January 2006.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/remediation/superfund/register/pdf0157.pdf.

USEPA. “Site Information: Voda Petroleum.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 21 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0604923.

USEPA. “Voda Petroleum Inc. Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 21

January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100050

56009

USEPA. “Voda Petroleum Inc.” RCRA Info. (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

Additional Contacts:

Carol Boucher (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), (512) 239-2501 or (800) 633-

9363, cboucher@tceq.state.tx.us
Appendix 2

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331

Site Information

Site Name: Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery

EPA ID No.: UT0001277359

Address: 995 South 500 West, Bountiful, UT 84010

County: Davis

NPL Site: Final: 5/11/2000

In CERCLIS Database: 0801545

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery

occupied 2 acres and operated for about 35 years. Operations ceased in 1993 when the company

forfeited its permit to operate. This site, however, was not abandoned because there was still an

operator at the time the site ceased operations. Operators re-refined waste oil on site and sent the

product to area cement facilities for use as fuel. Local landfills took the waste sludge that was

produced. This site was not RCRA permitted. The selected remedy at this site combines dual

phase extraction and groundwater pump and treatment to optimize the cleanup. Additionally, the

containers in the garage would be disposed of properly so they do not present a risk in the future.

The duration of the cleanup is 4 years. Total capital costs are estimated at $156,400. The total

annual treatment system O&M cost for the first year is estimated at $181,200 and for the second

year through duration $254,027. The period cost estimate is $18,324. The total estimated worth

therefore is $598,200 with the addition of the container disposal, which will add little to the

overall cost.

Description of Contamination: Contamination at this site likely occurred both before and after

1982. Neighbors associated odors and health problems with the site. Contaminants including

solvents were discovered on site and have also contaminated the groundwater beneath the site.

EPA removed and disposed of the chemicals in the lab building, various drums and containers,

two trailer tanks, and one underground storage tank and its contents.

Sources of Information:

Lloyd, Lisa (EPA Region 8 RPM), Interview. 7 November 2005.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery.” CERCLIS.

5 August 2004. 21 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0804587.pdf

USEPA. NPL Site Narrative for Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery.” 7 October 2004. 21

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1579.htm

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile: Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery.” CERCLIS. 27

October 2005. 21 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0801545

Utah Department of Health under a Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic

Substances and Disease Registry. “Public Health Assessment: Intermountain Waste Oil
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332

Refinery.” 30 September 2003. 21 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/intermountain/int_toc.html.

Additional Contacts:

Lisa Lloyd (RPM), (303) 312-6537
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Utah

333

Site Information

Site Name: OMG Air Emissions

EPA ID No.: UTD982589848

Address: Shivwits Band of Paiute Tribe Reservation., Mile 15 Highway 91

West, St. George UT 84771

County: Washington

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 0801820

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This metal reclamation facility is an

inorganic chemical processing facility which produces cobalt compounds from residues, and

byproducts, and cobalt chemicals and tungsten compounds from tungsten carbide scrap including

soft scrap and hard scrap. Hard scrap is tungsten carbide that has been formed into tools and

other pieces that failed the manufacturer’s quality control tests for shape or size or have been

broken. Hard scrap may take the form of drill bits, cutting tool inserts, ball bearings, or

projectile points. Soft scrap is a wet grinding sludge that is collected from the machining of the

hard scrap parts. OMG’s products consisted of cobalt sulfate used in copper mining applications,

cobalt carbonate used in animal feeding applications, cobalt nitrate used in the manufacturing of

automobile air bags, cobalt oxides used for pigmentation in ceramics and glass, lithium cobalt

oxides used in the manufacture of rechargeable batteries, and tungsten powders used in the

manufacturing of hard metals and lighting products. The tungsten process recovered tungsten

from secondary raw materials such as tungsten carbide scrap and residues and forms ammonium

paratungstate (APT). This reclamation process involved four major steps: 1) raw material

drying, crushing and calcining, 2) impurities removal, 3) product recovery and 4) drying and

packaging. The cobalt plant produces five different types of cobalt products: cobalt carbonate,

cobalt oxide, lithium cobalt dioxide, cobalt nitrate, and cobalt sulfate. Although each product is

distinct, the products of one line may be used as feed to another. Further, residue filter cake

from the tungsten plant typically contains cobalt values and is used as a feed to the cobalt plant.

In November 2002, OMG's corporate headquarters announced its intention to close the facility as

part of a major corporate restructuring. The plant ceased operations in December. The company

is currently working with the Shivwits Band of Paiute Indians to assist them with finding

acceptable alternative uses for the plant site and to implement a site reclamation plan. That plan

will include clean closure of the existing wastewater ponds.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs has undertaken further investigation and site cleanup.

Description of Contamination: OM Group of Cleveland, Ohio, parent company of OMG Apex

Inc., signed an administrative consent order with USEPA's Region 8 office in Denver agreeing to

pay $110,000 penalties after dumping 44,000 gallons of chromium-tainted wastewater. USEPA

inspected the OMG facility near St. George, Utah, after the company reported discharging the

wastewater into evaporation ponds over a four-day period in August 2002 in violation of RCRA.

OMG did not have permits to place the hazardous waste in the ponds. The wastewater contained

high levels of chromium. In addition to the penalty, OMG agreed to sample and analyze the
Appendix 2

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334

wastes in the evaporation ponds at the site, which is now closed. The agreement follows a

previous settlement reached in August 2001 between OMG and USEPA in which the company

agreed to perform nearly $900,000 of environmental work and pay a $125,000 penalty for other

hazardous wastes at the same plant site, the agency said. The two cases were unrelated.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 8. “Air Pollution Control, Title V Permit to Operate, Statement of Basis for Final

Permit No. V-P-0001-00.00.” Provided by EPA on 7 December 2005.

EPA Region 8. “EPA, OMG settle hazardous waste case.” 22 April 2003. 26 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r8/r8media.nsf/65d6223e10b0ee12872567df0075e965/5804bf94

b97afa8787256d0a00724857!OpenDocument

EPA Region 8. “EPA, OMG settle waste case.” 3 August 2001. 26 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r8/r8media.nsf/90a4fc3bc5595fbc872567df0075e923/c883893ac

1b9e8ed87256a9d006b2f41!OpenDocument

Johnson, Eric (EPA Region 8) (303) 312-6357, Interview. 8 December 2005.

USEPA. “OMG Air Emissions.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 21 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0801820

USEPA. “OMG Americas APEX Operations Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data

Warehouse. (n.d.). 21 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100123

57421

USEPA. “Utah metals firm faces waste fine, order.” 8 August 2000. 21 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/d0b2d6dc52c949bb852570d900462aa3?Ope

nDocument

Additional Contacts:

Joyce Ackerman (On-scene coordinator), (303) 312-6822

Luke Chavez (SAM), (303) 312-6512

Amy Swanson (EPA), (303) 312-6906

Eric R. Johnson (EPA), (303) 312-6357

Frank Montarelli (EPA), (303) 312-6780

Toll Free (EPA) 1-800-227-8917

Kathleen Paser (EPA Air Programs Department), (303) 312-6526

Eric Johnson (RCRA Enforcement), (303) 312-6357
Appendix 2

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335

Site Information:

Site Name: Petrochem Recycling Corp./Ekotek Plant

EPA ID No.: UTD093119196

Address: 1628 N Chicago St., Salt Lake City, UT 84116

County: Salt Lake

NPL Site: Deleted: 6/30/2003

In CERCLIS Database: 0800649

Site History and/or Description of Recycling Operation: This Superfund site is located in the

northern section of Salt Lake City. It was originally owned and operated as an oil refinery by

O.C. Allen Oil Company from 1953 to 1968. In 1968, Flinco, Inc. purchased the facility and

operated the refinery until 1978. During that time, Flinco changed its name to Bonus

International Corp. In 1978, Axel Johnson, Inc. acquired the facility and operated it through its

Delaware-based subsidiary, Ekotek, Inc. This subsidiary converted the site into a hazardous

waste storage, treatment, and petrochemical recycling facility. In 1981, the facility changed

ownership but retained the name Ekotek, Inc., based in Utah. Ekotek declared bankruptcy in

November 1987. Petrochem Recycling Corp. leased the facility in 1987 from Ekotek and

continued operations until February 1988. The facility received a final RCRA permit in July

1987, which expired in July 1989.

The Ekotek bankruptcy estate remains the current site owner. The facility was permitted to

manage hazardous wastes, though the nature and extent of the petrochemical recycling operation

is not known. After operations ceased at this facility ownership was unknown.

Cleanup expenditure spent on this site in 2004 equaled $4,032,359.38.

Description of Contamination: Contaminants associated with on-site sources include a wide

range of organic substances such as chlorinated solvents and other volatile organic compounds,

polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, pesticides, Aroclor 1260, dioxin and furans, and

heavy metals. An emergency surface removal addressed 1,200 drums and 1,500 smaller

containers, three surface impoundments, an underground drain field, numerous piles and pits of

waste materials, underground tanks, incineration furnaces, and contaminated soils. It is unknown

from which phase of the operation the contamination occurred.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 8. “Petrochem Recycling Corporation/Ekotek Plant.” May 2003. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/sites/ut/pchem.html.

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Petrochem Recycling Corp./Ekotek Plant.” 27

September 1996. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0896901.pdf.

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004.
Appendix 2

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336

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Petrochem Recycling Corporation/Ekotek Plant.” 7 October

2004. 17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1315.htm.

USEPA. “Permit Series List.” RCRAInfo. 19 January 2006.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Petrochem Recycling Corp./Ekotek Plant.”

CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 17 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0800649

White, Jack (EPA Region 8), 303-312-6707, Interview. 12/8/2005.

Additional Contacts:

Rebecca Thomas (USEPA), (303) 312-6552

Jack White (USEPA), (303) 312-6707
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Virginia

337

Site Information

Site Name: Bingham & Taylor

EPA ID No.: VAD003064490

Address: Nalle Place, Culpeper, VA 22701

County: Culpeper

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Bingham and Taylor produces cast iron

products from recycled scrap iron in a legitimate, regulated, recycling practice. The site consists

of office buildings, operating buildings, storage buildings, and a loading dock. Bingham &

Taylor receives scrap iron from various sources. The scrap iron is melted down and transferred

to molds to produce cast iron products. Products include valve boxes, curb boxes, meter frames,

and lids. Bingham & Taylor finishes its cast iron products with an asphalt coating. It does not

appear the facility was RCRA-permitted.

Description of Contamination: Waste products from scrap iron recycling operations at

Bingham & Taylor include cupola dust, cupola slag, and spent casting sand. The cupola dust

emissions are considered hazardous and were mixed with other waste for stabilization and

disposal. In 1986, Bingham & Taylor ceased on-site waste disposal. Between 1999 and 2002,

EPA and Bingham & Taylor found elevated levels of lead in on-site surface soil. Subsurface

soil, groundwater, and off-site soil did not contain lead levels high enough to cause concern.

Corrective action onsite included capping of 30,000 square-feet of contaminated soil with an

impervious, bituminous asphalt cover.

The site has been capped and, according to a rough estimate from Denis Zielinski, EPA Region 3

project manager, remediation costs were approximately $500,000.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3. “Bingham & Taylor Facility, Culpeper, Virginia: Notice of Intent to Issue a Final

Decision under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Hazardous and

Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 and Opportunity for a Public Hearing.” 27 October

2004. 17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/publicnoticebinghamtaylor.htm.

EPA Region 3. “Bingham & Taylor facility, Culpeper, Virginia Statement of Basis.” 22

November 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/publicnoticebinghamtaylorsob.htm.

EPA Region 3. “Mid-Atlantic Facility Lead Program Participating Facilities.” 6 September

2005. 17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/fl_sites.htm.

EPA Region 3. “Region 3 GPRA Baseline RCRA Corrective Action Facility: Bingham &

Taylor.” 23 December 2004. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/va/pdf/vad003064490.pdf

USEPA. “Permit Series List.” RCRAInfo. 19 January 2006.
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338

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Bingham and Taylor.” 6 June

2006. 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=VAD003064490

Zielinski, Denis M. (Project Manager), (215) 814-3431, Interview. 16 November 2005.

Additional Contacts:

Denis M. Zielinski (EPA Region 3 Project Manager), (215) 814-3431, zielinski.denis@epa.gov

Maria Williams (VA DEQ), (804) 698-4211, mswilliams@deq.virginia.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Virginia

339

Site Information

Site Name: Old Salem Tannery II

EPA ID No.: VAD988170437

Address: 120 S. Bruffey Street, Salem, VA 24153

County: Salem

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 303837

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Old Salem Tannery Site was a

tannery in operation from the late 1891 until 1973. From 1973 until 1993, the land was used as

an industrial storage facility and a lead reclamation operation. Until 1991, the current owner of

the property operated on site an industrial salvage facility engaged in the reclamation of lead

from the splitting of batteries. Since the mid 1990s, the property has been used as a truck and

vehicle salvage yard.

Description of Contamination: There are approximately 100 drums and containers on site. On

January 14, 1992, a site assessment was conducted to determine the extent of possible

contamination on and off site. Twelve samples were collected from the site, which included two

soil samples from near the former battery breaking site. Analytical results show that several soil

samples had elevated levels of lead and samples from a lagoon area had elevated levels of

chromium. In 1993, USEPA Region 3 Removal Program performed a removal action at the site,

which included the removal of drums and containers of hazardous waste. In April of 2004,

USEPA was again contacted regarding the Site.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3. Memorandum from Terry Stilman, OSC, EPA Region III to Charles Walters,

Public Health Advisor, ATSDR EPA Region III. “Old Salem Tannery Site.” 27

February 1992. 17 January 2006. http://loggerhead.epa.gov/arweb/pdf/154671.pdf

USEPA. “Old Salem Tannery.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0303837.

USEPA. “Old Salem Tannery.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100093

15963.

USEPA. “Old Salem Tannery II.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://www.epaosc.net/site_profile.asp?site_id=809

Additional Contacts:

Christine Wagner, wagner.christine@epa.gov
Appendix 2

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340

Site Information

Site Name: Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc.

EPA ID No.: VAD981043011

Address: Chester Service Center, 1200 W. Hundred Road, Chester, VA

23831

County: Chesterfield

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The site was purchased from a

petroleum supplier in the 1980s. Since then, Safety-Kleen in Chester, VA has distributed,

collected, and reclaimed solvents in a legitimate, regulated, solvent recycling facility. Customers

include automotive repair shops, industrial maintenance facilities, photo processors, and dry

cleaners. The 9-acre Safety-Kleen site is 1.5 miles south of the James River and bordered by a

general business zone and private residences. The facility is still in operation. RCRA permits

were issued December 1990, August 1996, and September 2002. Contamination most likely

occurred during 1980s before the site had a RCRA Part B Permit.

Description of Contamination: Contamination stemming from Safety-Kleen activities includes

mineral spirits in soils and sub-soils, and 1,1-dichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene in

groundwater. In 1998, Safety-Kleen connected a neighboring private home to the public water

supply. Safety-Kleen continues to monitor groundwater contamination, and groundwater

sampling has shown a downward trend in contamination.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 3. “Region 3 GPRA Baseline RCRA Corrective Action Facility: Bingham &

Taylor.” 1 July 2005. 17 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/va/pdf/vad981043011.pdf

Jacobi, Mik (Region 3), (215) 814-3435, Interview. 7 November 2005.

USEPA. “Permit Series List.” RCRAInfo. 19 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Safety Kleen Systems, Inc.” 6 June

2006. 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=VAD981043011

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Systems 315401.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list_tri?tri_fac_id=23831SFTYK1200W

Additional Contacts:

Kurt Stafford (VADEQ), (804) 698-4005, kastafford@deq.virginia.gov

Mik Jacobi (EPA Region 3), (215) 814-3435, jacobi.mike@epa.gov
Appendix 2

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341

Site Information

Site Name: Bay Zinc Company Inc.

PA ID No.: WAD027530526

Address: 301 W. Charron Rd., Moxee City, WA 98936

County: Yakima

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Bay Zinc has secondary manufactured

zinc micronutrient fertilizer for over 25 years on their 11-acre site. The raw materials used in the

manufacturing processes were K061 electric arc furnace dust that is rich in zinc and other metals.

The K061 dust was typically reacted with sulfuric acid. The final product was dried into

granules or retained in liquid form, then sold as zinc micronutrient fertilizer for agricultural use.

This facility had a RCRA storage permit for K061 prior to recycling. The facility had a RCRA

permit from November 1988 to November 1990. The site was addressed through MTCA,

Washington State’s superfund, even though they had a RCRA storage permit.

Description of Contamination: Product storage, handling practices, and product spills at the

facility have resulted in releases of hazardous substances to the soil and groundwater. In soil,

metals such as lead, cadmium, and zinc are the primary concern. Groundwater samples show

elevated concentrations of sulfate, chloride, manganese, cadmium and zinc. The selected

cleanup actions for the site include excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soils to an

appropriate landfill and removal and treatment of contaminated groundwater.

Sources of Information:

Boyd, Andrew. Email to Amy Lile (USEPA Office of Solid Waste). 21 October 2005.

Information from Washington Department of Ecology’s report to the state legislature in

2002: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0204028.html

USEPA. “Bay Zinc Company Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 17 January

2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000491254.

USEPA. “Permit Series List.” RCRAInfo. 19 January 2006.

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile: Bay Zinc Co Inc.” 6 June 2006. 23

October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=WAD027530526.

Washington State Department of Ecology. “Fact Sheet September 2002: Bay Zinc Company

Inc.” September 2002. 17 January 2006. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0209058.pdf.

Washington State Department of Ecology. “Hazardous Waste Management Facilities in

Washington – Problems and Options.” p. 12, 69. September 2002. 17 January 2006.

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0204028.html.
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342

Washington State Department of Ecology. “Bay Zinc Co Inc.” (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/facilitysitesearch/FSDetailReport.aspx?id=17964725

Additional Contacts:

Greg Caron (Hazardous Waste Program, Washington State Department of Ecology), (509) 454-

7893, grca461@ecy.wa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

343

Site Information

Site Name: Beacon Battery Co.

EPA ID No.:

Address: 8666 Delta Line Rd., Custer, WA 98240

County: Whatcom

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Beacon Battery is a small home

business located in Custer, Washington, in northwest Whatcom County. Beacon Battery

receives used batteries for recycle and resale. The business collects lead acid batteries and

reconditions them on site. The batteries that cannot be reconditioned are sent for off-site

smelting. It appears to be a legitimate recycling process.

Description of Contamination: In 1990, an investigation found that approximately 200 batteries

were being stacked outside in an open area. There was evidence of spillage of battery acid. Soil

samples indicated lead contamination. In 1999, a second investigation showed elevated levels of

lead in the soil; however, there was no longer evidence of acid spillage. In 2000, the site was

cleaned. Drinking water tests showed the water was safe and the contaminated soil was

removed. Two hazardous waste inspections were conducted at the site in 2003. Minor

hazardous waste violations were noted, and the facility corrected everything in a timely manner.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 10. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

20 November 2005.

Washington Department of Ecology. “Beacon Battery.” (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/facilitysitesearch/FSDetailReport.aspx?id=2900

Washington State Department of Health. “Health Consultation: Beacon Battery, Custer,

Whatcom County, Washington.” 19 September 2003. 17 January 2006.

http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/oehas/publications_pdf/HealthConsults/

Beacon_Battery_Custer_Whatcom_6-28-01.pdf.

Additional Contacts:

David S. Misko (Hazardous Waste Compliance, Supervisor, Washington Dept. of Ecology –

Northwest Regional Office), (425) 649-7014
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

344

Site Information

Site Name: CleanCare Corporation

EPA ID No.: WASFN1002182

Address: 1510 Taylor Way, Tacoma, WA 98421-4127

County: Pierce

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 1002182

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This site has been an industrial site

since 1926. There have been several owners of the property who have used the site for disposal

of chemical wastes, auto fluff (shredded pieces of automobile parts), and sludge. In 1975, a small

tank farm was built on the property, and it became a chemical and petroleum recycling facility in

the late 1970s. The facility, known as the Poligen plant, was owned by Mr. Glenn Tegen, also

owner of Lilyblad Petroleum, an oil re-refining facility. From 1974 until its abandonment in

1999, businesses under several different names, including CleanCare, operated the site as a

chemical, solvent, and petroleum recycling facility. The site was an interim status treatment,

storage, disposal, (TSD) and recycling facility for off-site generated hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. When CleanCare was in operation, its function was to solidify oily sludge

wastes originating from catch basins, sumps, and storm drains; recycle waste oils, antifreeze, and

spent solvents; and crush used oil filters for off-site recycling by other facilities. CleanCare also

received hazardous and Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE)-regulated dangerous

waste. This waste was stored for transport to another TSD facility for final treatment and/or

disposal, or was blended into hazardous waste fuel. Solvent was received and recycled as part of

a parts-washer program marketed to generators. CleanCare picked up the spent solvent and

replaced it with recycled stock. CleanCare also received “paint gun wash,” solvent that was

generally of low quality, routinely used to clean paint spray guns. This waste was sent to Sol Pro,

an adjacent but separate TSD/recycling facility, for recycling and then returned to customers.

Additionally, CleanCare recycled antifreeze in a dedicated distillation column. A separate

distillation column, called the “Splitter,” along with other processing equipment, recovered oil

from oily waste and prepared it for used oil fuel blending.

In 1992, CleanCare began the process of obtaining a final permit to operate a treatment, storage,

and disposal and recycling facility under RCRA. The final application was submitted to WDOE

in 1994. From 1994-1999, Ecology sent letters to CleanCare notifying them that its permit

application contained serious problems that prevented WDOE from approving the final

application.

Over the years, some of the companies operating at the site have had serious problems with the

handling and disposal of hazardous waste. When the facility was in operation its major function

was to solidify oily sludge wastes originating from catch basins, sumps, and storm drains;

recycle waste oils, antifreeze, and spent solvents; and crush oil filters for off-site recycling by

other facilities. The CleanCare facility has four separate tank farms, two hazardous/dangerous

waste container storage pads, and a processing area where the distillation of solvent, oil, and

antifreeze occurred.
Appendix 2

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345

The most recent damage occurred on March 26, 1999. Approximately l,000 to 2,000 gallons of

oily waste spilled into the on-site storm drains. The wastes flowed off site into the Lincoln

Avenue ditch and followed the storm drain into the Blair Waterway. To prevent further off-site

releases, the storm drains were blocked off. WDOE inspected the site several times during 1998

and 1999 and found many violations. In July 1999, WDOE issued a $486,000 penalty against

CleanCare. In August 1999, CleanCare advised WDOE that it would close the business and the

site stopped taking some waste material. On November 17, 1999, CleanCare closed its doors.

CleanCare is providing site access and historical knowledge of site activities to USEPA to help

with the current response actions at the site.

In 2000, estimated costs were as follows: USEPA $234,100; START $563,700; ERRS

$3,224,402; and Coast Guard $123,800, totaling $4,146,002.

In September 2000, CleanCare completed its removal action. The total cost of the removal in

2000 was $4.3 million. CleanCare had $23,000 (of a total $83,000 requirement) set aside in a

trust fund to meet its financial assurance requirements for closure. WDOE provided $130,000 in

the form of a remedial action grant and for one-time costs related to electrical and security

problems at the site. WDOE also continues to pay the monthly utility bills at the site, which

range from $600 to $900 per month. Future costs associated with any further cleanup actions are

unknown.

Description of Contamination: Water samples taken in 1999 showed the presence of low levels

of metal, semivolatiles, and volatile constituents. Results for non-contact storm water were

below draft noncontact storm water discharge limits. Surface soil sample results indicated the

presence of arsenic, BTEX constituents, and polyaromatic constituents at concentrations above

USEPA Region 10 risk-based screening preliminary remediation goals and WDOE’s MTCA

Method A cleanup values.

In 1999, USEPA conducted an assessment of the site to document conditions that may pose a

threat to human health and the environment. Over 1.6 million gallons of chemicals and other

hazardous wastes were being stored in tanks, storage containers, and drums at the 5-acre site.

The containers were in poor condition and posed a potential threat if they should break or leak.

The chemicals and wastes identified included regulated hazardous wastes, used oil, antifreeze,

used solvents, paint wastes, and crushed oil filters. If any of the contamination moved off site, it

could easily get into the Blair or Hylebos Waterways.

Since December 1999, USEPA removed close to 2 million gallons of waste from the site. The

wastes were stored in 3,630 containers, 33 aboveground storage tanks, and 19 temporary

aboveground storage tanks. In addition, USEPA demolished four above ground storage tanks and

installed an asphalt cap on three areas of the site covering more than 26,000 square feet. Because

the site’s stormwater system was broken and contaminated, USEPA installed an aboveground

stormwater management system. WDOE has agreed to take over the operation and maintenance

of the stormwater system.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

346

Sources of Information:

Boyd, Andrew. Email to Amy Lile (USEPA Office of Solid Waste). 21 October 2005.

Information from Washington Department of Ecology’s report to the state legislature in

2002: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0204028.html

EPA Region 10 - Emergency Response Unit. “EPA Pollution Report: Clean Care Removal Site

(CleanCare, Tacoma, Washington.” 13 October 2000. 15 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/CLEANUP.NSF/9f3c21896330b4898825687b007a0f33/41a

cf49d06cb975a88256856005e40f2/$FILE/POLREP37FINAL.pdf

EPA Region 10 - Action Memorandum. “Request for a Removal Action, a Ceiling

Increase, a $2 Million Exemption, a 12-Month Exemption, and a Change of Scope at the

CleanCare Site, Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington; Site ID #6W.” 5 January 2000. 15

January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/CLEANUP.NSF/6ea33b02338c3a5e882567ca005d382f/41a

cf49d06cb975a88256856005e40f2/$FILE/actmem0105.pdf

USEPA. “CleanCare.” CERCLIS. 12 October 2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=1002182

USEPA. “CleanCare.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 15 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000620579

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for CleanCare Corp.” 6 June 2006. 23

October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=WAD980738512

USEPA. “Superfund Fact Sheet: CleanCare.” January 2000. 15 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/CLEANUP.NSF/6ea33b02338c3a5e882567ca005d382f/41a

cf49d06cb975a88256856005e40f2/$FILE/cleanca.PDF

USEPA. “Superfund Fact Sheet: CleanCare.” December 2000. 15 January 2006.

http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/CLEANUP.NSF/9f3c21896330b4898825687b007a0f33/41a

cf49d06cb975a88256856005e40f2/$FILE/1100cleancare+Final.pdf

Washington State Department of Ecology. Prepared by Ross & Associates Environmental

Environmental Consulting, LTD. “Analysis of Cleanup Obligations and Costs for

Hazardous Waste Management Facilities in Washington State – Final Report.”

29 January 2003. 15 January 2006. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0304011.pdf

Additional Contacts:

Kerry Graber (Washington Department of Ecology Hazardous Waste/Regulatory), (360) 407-

0241
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

347

Site Information

Site Name: Dyno Battery Co.

EPA ID No.: WAH000003996

Address: 4248 23rd Ave W, Seattle, WA 98199

County: King

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Dyno Battery is a lead acid battery

recycler. The facility melts lead, casts lead grids, pastes lead grids with lead monoxide, and

places grids with acid into battery casings. The recycling/reclamation of damaged lead grids,

pasted lead grids, baghouse dust, lead dross, and floor sweepings is viewed as legitimate

recycling. Damaged grids with lead monoxide paste (scrap metal) are sent to RSR in Los

Angeles. Dross (byproduct) and baghouse dust (characteristic sludge) are shipped to Metalex in

British Columbia.

Description of Contamination: The site was investigated in 1998. The soil in the stormwater

swale behind the facility is contaminated (1.2 percent total lead). The source of the

contamination appears to be poor housekeeping and storage practices. Fork lifts track dust and

debris from inside the facility into the alley, where it is washed into the swale. Large

commercial fishing boat batteries and smaller batteries in poor condition are stored in the alley.

Pallets used to ship batteries are also stored in the alley. These pallets show evidence of acid

stains.

Sources of Information:

Boyd, Andrew. Email to Amy Lile (USEPA Office of Solid Waste). December 2005.

Information from Washington Department of Ecology’s report to the state legislature in

2002: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0204028.html

EPA Region 10. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

20 November 2005.

USEPA. “Dyno Battery Incorporated.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse. (n.d.). 25 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000489846

Washington Department of Ecology. “Dyno Battery Co.” (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/facilitysitesearch/FSDetailReport.aspx?id=72957545

Additional Contacts:

David S. Misko (Hazardous Waste Compliance, Supervisor, Washington Department of Ecology

– Northwest Regional Office), (425) 649-7014
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

348

Site Information

Site Name: Emerald Recycling

EPA ID No.: WAD058367152

Address: 1500 Airport Way S, Seattle, WA 98134

County: King

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Emerald Recycling is involved with

used oil recycling (crank case, diesel, bunker C, gasoline), solvent recycling, and ethylene glycol

recycling/distillation and redistribution.

In the late 1970s, a tank cleaning company (Northwest Tank Service) processed used oil and oily

waste at the site. From the early 1980s until 1995, a hazardous waste management company,

Northwest EnviroServices, operated under interim status, pending approval of the Part B. From

1995 to 1999, Northwest Tank Service again used the site for used oil processing until Emerald

Petroleum, now Emerald Recycling, began operations in 1999. Currently Emerald Recycling,

Inc. utilizes the site for used oil recycling. Oil and gasoline filters are drained and crushed on

site, and the metal is sent off site for metals reclamation at Nucor Steel. Antifreeze and solvent

reclamation activities do not take place at this facility but drummed wastes may be held at the

10-day transfer facility before shipment off site to the final reclamation facility.

Description of Contamination: Site contamination was discovered in 1988 after the installation

of eleven groundwater monitoring wells. The groundwater was contaminated with benzene,

arsenic, and lead. Subsoil on site was also contaminated with arsenic, lead, and benzopyrene.

Analytical results from these wells show the contamination levels have remained stable over the

years and annual sampling is ongoing. Northwest EnviroService continues to oversee the closure

of the facility per the agreement and requirements of the Part B permit.

There has been one formal enforcement action with penalty issued to Emerald Recycling in the

past 5 years. This action was the result of Emerald's failure to follow proper check-in

procedures, which resulted in a high concentration of PCB oil.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 10. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

20 November 2005.

USEPA. “Enforcement and Compliance History Online: Detailed Facility Report.” October –

December 2005. 17 January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/get1cReport.cgi

USEPA. “RCRA Corrective Action Site Progress Profile for Emerald Recycling.” 6 June 2006.

23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/rcra_profile.getmain?p_handler_id=WAD058367152

Washington State Department of Ecology. “Information from Toxic Cleanup Sites Program

Documentation of Environmental Indicator Determination.”

March 2003. 17 January 2006. http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup.nsf/0/
Appendix 2

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349

cc222b8059fa7b3488256e0100668a31/$FILE/WA7152.pdf

Washington Department of Ecology. “Facility Site Detail: Northwest EnviroService.” (n.d.) 23

October 2006.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/facilitysitesearch/FSDetailReport.aspx?id=12532447

Additional Contacts:

Trudy Harding (Hazardous Waste Inspector, Washington Department of Ecology-NWRO), (425)

649-7289
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Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

350

Site Information

Site Name: Hand in Hand Recycling

EPA ID No.:

Address: 206 E Floral, Centralia, WA 98531

County: Lewis

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Hand in Hand Recycling recycles

circuit boards and scrap metals such as aluminum.

Description of Contamination: An initial investigation was done September through November

of 2002. It was listed on Washington’s hazardous site listing in July 2003. The soil is

contaminated and it is suspected that the water is contaminated.

Sources of Information:

Thurston County. “Home Waste-Not Guide.” 2004-2005. 10 October 2006.

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/wwm/Recycling/WASTE%20GUIDE%2004%20WEB.pdf

#search=%22%22hand%20in%20hand%20recycling%22%20soil%22.

Thurston County Department of Water and Waste Management. “Where Should I Recycle

My....?” 9 January 2006. 17 January 2006.

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/wwm/Recycling/where_A_B.htm

Washington State Department of Ecology. Toxics Cleanup Program. “Integrated Site

Information System: Confirmed and Suspected Contaminated Site Lists.”

5 October 2006. 10 October 2006.

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/tcp/cscs/CSCSpage.HTM

Western Electronic Product Stewardship Initiative. “Recycle Your Computer: Washington.”

2001. 17 January 2006. http://www.recyclingadvocates.org/wepsi/wa-business.htm.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

351

Site Information

Site Name: Island Recycling

EPA ID No.:

Address: 20014 Hwy 525, Freeland, WA 98249

County: Island

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Island Recycling recycles personal

computers, circuit boards, peripherals, faxes, and televisions.

Description of Contamination: An initial investigation was done in March of 2003. The soil

and surface are contaminated, and it is suspected that the drinking water and groundwater may

also be contaminated.

Sources of Information:

Washington State Department of Ecology. Toxics Cleanup Program. “Integrated Site

Information System: Confirmed and Suspected Contaminated Site Lists.”

5 October 2006. 10 October 2006.

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/tcp/cscs/CSCSpage.HTM

Western Electronic Product Stewardship Initiative. “Recycle Your Computer: Washington.”

2001. 17 January 2006. http://www.recyclingadvocates.org/wepsi/wa-business.htm.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

352

Site Information

Site Name: Maralco

EPA ID No.: WAD053825352

Address: 7730 S. 202nd, Kent, WA 98032

County: King

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Maralco operated an aluminum

recycling/refinery business at the site from 1980 to 1986. The site filed for bankruptcy in 1983

and has not been cleaned up since. Aluminum alloy ingots from aluminum cans and other

aluminum metal scrap were produced at the site. The aluminum scrap was melted and processed

in rotary barrel and reverberatory furnaces. The rotary barrel furnace was charged with salt to

act as a flux to remove impurities and prevent oxidation of the aluminum. The salt and

impurities separated from the aluminum, resulting in a waste black dross that was stored in a

waste pile on-site. There are presently about 20,000 cubic yards in the pile. Wastes produced

included black dross, furnace slag, and baghouse dust, most of which were stored on site.

Although the technology used for recycling was considered old even at the time they started

business, it was considered a legitimate recycling process.

The dross designated as hazardous waste in Washington was state-only hazardous waste due to

the salts, which are toxic to rats, and copper, which is toxic to fish. The waste pile has yet to be

fully characterized and portions of the pile may need to be disposed as hazardous waste. A

developer is currently sampling the site to characterize the waste and, depending on the results,

may conduct the cleanup in order to purchase the property.

Description of Contamination: Groundwater, surface water, sediment, and soil all have

confirmed priority pollutant metal contamination.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 10. Email Correspondence to Amy Lile (EPA Office of Solid Waste).

20 November 2005.

MK-Environmental Services. “Phase 1 Remedial Investigation Report.” February 1991.

USEPA. “Safety Kleen Systems 315401 Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.). 18 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100053

22310

Washington Department of Ecology. “Facility/Site Detail: Maralco” (n.d.). 23 October 2006.

http://apps.ecy.wa.gov/fs/detail.asp?FS_ID=2067

Additional Contacts:

Norm Peck (Toxics Cleanup Program, Washington Department of Ecology), (425) 649-7047
Appendix 2

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353

Site Information:

Site Name: Nooksack Valley Disposal

EPA ID No.: WAD057315624

Address: 250 Birch Bay-Lynden Rd., Lynden, WA 98264

County: Whatcom

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Nooksack Valley Disposal recycles

paint, paint thinner, solvents, pesticides, fuels, engine oil, car batteries, and cleaners. Nooksack

Valley Disposal & Recycling services over 8,000 county customers, including the cities of

Lynden, Everson, Nooksack, and Sumas.

Description of Contamination: The site was listed on Washington’s Hazardous Site Listing in

February 2001 and initially investigated in July 2000. The soil on site is contaminated and it is

suspected that ground and surface water are also contaminated.

Sources of Information:

Nooksack Valley Disposal and Recycling, Inc. Hazardous Waste. 2006. 18 January 2006.

http://www.nvd-inc.com/hazwaste.htm

USEPA. “Nooksack Valley Disposal Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.). 23 October 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100053

22953

Washington Department of Ecology. “Facility Site Detail: Lynden Recycling Center S4610.”

(n.d.) 23 October 2006.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/facilitysitesearch/FSDetailReport.aspx?id=2875
Appendix 2

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354

Site Information

Site Name: Northwest Transformer (Mission/Pole)

EPA ID No.: WAD980833974

Address: 6882 Mission St., Everson, WA 98247

County: Whatcom

NPL Site: Deleted 9/28/1999

In CERCLIS Database: 1001003

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The Northwest Transformer

(Mission/Pole) salvage yard covers 1.6 acres. The property was agricultural farmland until

1958, when the Northwest Transformer Service Company began leasing the site. From 1958 to

1985, the company used the site as a salvage yard and stored, repaired, and recycled electrical

transformers and capacitors on site. They also carried out other activities on site, including

dismantling and reclaiming equipment; burning casings for transformers in an open concrete

burn pit; burning waste oils in a space heater; and draining transformer oils into a seepage pit.

Chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) spilled and leaked into site soil. Waste

transformer fluids were stored in an on-site tank.

Description of Contamination: Soil was contaminated with PCBs and small quantities of

solvents. The highest concentration was 31,000 parts per million (ppm). In May 1985, EPA

used CERCLA emergency funds to remove PCB-contaminated materials from the site. Five

transformers containing greater than 500 ppm were drained and cleaned. About 500

transformers were either clean (less than 46 ppm), and those that contained 46 to 500 ppm were

drained, rinsed, and cleaned on-site. Contaminated soil (1,360 cubic yards) and waste liquid

(5,500 gallons) containing 10 ppm or more were also removed.

Sources of Information:

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Explanation of Significant Differences: Northwest Transformer.” 22

December 1993. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/e1094102.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision Amendment: Northwest Transformer.” 30

September 1991. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/a1091031.pdf

USEPA. “EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Northwest Transformer.” 15 September 1989. 19

February 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r1089018.pdf

USEPA. “Federal Register Notice – Notice of deletion of the Lackawanna Refuse Superfund

Site from the National Priorities List (NPL).” 28 September 1999. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/d990928.htm

USEPA. “Five Year Review Northwest Transformer.” July 1999. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f99-10003.pdf
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355

USEPA. “NPL Fact Sheet Northwest Transformer (Mission Pole).” April 2002. 19 February

2006. http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/nplpad.nsf/epaid/wad980833974

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Northwest Transformer.” 10 June 1986. 19 February 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/nplsnl/n1001003.pdf

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile: Northwest Transformer.” CERCLIS. 11 September

2006. 23 October 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=1001003

Additional Contacts:

Tim Brincefield (Site Manager), (202) 553-2100 brincefield.timothy@epa.gov
Appendix 2

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356

Site Information

Site Name: Reflex Recycling

EPA ID No.: WAD980978142

Address: 2432 E 11th St, Tacoma, WA

County: Pierce

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: No

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: Reflex Recycling stored and recycled

hazardous waste in the printing industry. It shut down in 2000 after breaking more than 50

environmental regulations. The Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) spent

approximately $150,000 for emergency removal and disposal of nearly 250 drums of oily waste.

The site is currently fenced and secure, but has not yet gone through proper investigation and

cleanup. There was no approved financial instrument in place to fund closure costs. A letter

from a consultant to Ecology estimated closure costs at $103,000, but provided no basis for the

estimate.

Description of Contamination: Drums containing unidentifiable waste solutions containing

benzene and tetrachloroethylene were found on site, as well as waste stored on a cracked floor.

In 2001, 32,000 gallons of hazardous waste were removed from the site. In March 2001, it was

confirmed that the on-site groundwater contained small amounts of hexavalent chromium. In

2005, Reflex Recycling was removed from Washington’s Hazardous Sites List.

Sources of Information:

Boyd, Andrew. Email to Amy Lile (USEPA Office of Solid Waste). 21 October 2005.

Information from Washington Department of Ecology’s report to the state legislature in

2002: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0204028.html

USEPA. “Reflex Recycling Corporation Multisystem Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.). 18 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110000702455

Washington Department of Ecology, “Analysis of Cleanup Obligations and Costs for Hazardous

Waste Management Facilities in Washington State - Final Report.” 29 January 2003. 18

January 2006. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0304011.pdf.

Washington Department of Ecology. “Washington’s Hazardous Sites List.” 23 February 2005.

18 January 2006. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0509041d.pdf.

Washington Department of Ecology. “Ecology removes tons of hazardous waste in Tacoma,

Vancouver.” 29 May 2001. 18 January 2006.

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/news/2001news/2001-091.html.

Washington Department of Ecology. “Facility Site Detail: Reflex Recycling.” (n.d.) 23

October 2006.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/facilitysitesearch/FSDetailReport.aspx?id=20647549
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

357

Washington Department of Ecology. “Reflex Recycling Corporation fined $20,000 for

Improperly Handling Waste.” 21 March 2000. 18 January 2006.

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/news/2000news/2000-044.html.

Additional Contacts:

Sandy Howard (Washington Department of Ecology), (360) 407-6239

Kerri Graber (Washington Department of Ecology), (360) 407-0241, kgra461@ecy.wa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

358

Site Information

Site Name: SafCo Environmental

EPA ID No.: WAD981766884

Address: 1255 South 188th St., SeaTac, WA 98148

County: King

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: Archived

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: SafCo was illegally operating as a

hazardous waste recycling and transportation facility that primarily handled waste oil and

printing wastes. It was closed by the local fire department because it was a potential fire hazard

following a substantial spill of oily waste in 1992. Washington Department of Ecology

(Ecology) issued an emergency enforcement order directing that all materials, including 55

damaged or leaking drums containing oil and other wastes, be legally removed and disposed of.

Other actions required by the order included the separation of incompatibles, identification of the

contents of damaged drums, and the disposal of toxic wastes. Eventually, a second order was

issued for the removal of an additional 445 drums containing oil and other wastes. There were

neither any financial assurance mechanism nor any source of funds from the owner/operator. A

group of 31 potentially liable parties (PLPs) managed the removal and disposal. Best cost

estimates received from representatives of the PLP group put the costs between $500,000 and

$750,000, but no one could provide exact data due to the age of this case. The leads for the

group represented the one or two largest companies associated with it. Thirteen smaller

generators eventually paid $200,000 to the lead companies for their share. Both attorneys said

cleanup costs were most likely paid for from operating revenues. All materials were properly

inventoried, analyzed, and disposed of. The site is currently vacant and secured. There is no

remaining cleanup to be done, except what might be necessary on a voluntary basis in order to

sell the property.

Description of Contamination: In 1992, there was a substantial spill of oily waste. However,

the extent of contamination from this spill is unclear.

Sources of Information:

Boyd, Andrew. Email to Amy Lile (USEPA Office of Solid Waste). 21 October 2005.

Information from Washington Department of Ecology's report to the state legislature in

2002: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0204028.html

USEPA. “Safco Environmental Safco Corp Multisystem Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.). 18 January 2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/

multisys2.get_list?facility_uin=110005341914.

USEPA. “Safco Environmental Safco Corp Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data

Warehouse. (n.d.). 18 January 2006. http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/

fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?pgm_sys_id_in=WAD981766884&pgm_sys_acrnm

_in=RCRAINFO
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Washington

359

Washington State Department of Ecology. “Analysis of Cleanup Obligations and Costs for

Hazardous Waste Management Facilities in Washington State - Final Report.” 29

January 2003. 18 January 2006. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0304011.pdf.

Washington Department of Ecology. “Facility Site Detail: SafCo.” (n.d.) 23 October 2006.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/facilitysitesearch/FSDetailReport.aspx?id=2428
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling West Virginia

360

Site Information

Site Name: Red Jacket Salvage Yard

EPA ID No.: WVN000306116

Address: Mitchell Branch Rd., Red Jacket, WV 25692

County: Mingo

NPL Site: No

In CERCLIS Database: 306116

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: The abandoned 4-acre salvage yard was

previously named Lacy’s Salvage Yard and contains an ash pile from previous smelter

operations. The site contains two small ash piles that cover about 10 feet by 4 feet in total area.

The ash was created from a small aluminum smelter that operated at this site. The smelter was

used to separate and collect aluminum from items such as old car parts. The concrete pad from

the smelter remains at the site. One of the ash piles is on the concrete pad and the other is inside

an old truck bed.

Description of Contamination: The ash pile contains elevated levels of lead, which were at risk

of migrating into the adjacent soil and local waterways. Twenty-two tons of lead-affected ash

and soil were transported to a hazardous waste landfill in 2004.

Sources of Information:

US Department of Health and Human Services. “Health Consultation: Incidental Ingestion

Exposures to Chemicals from a Smelter: Red Jacket Salvage Yard Site A/K/A Lacy’s

Salvage Yard.” 4 April 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/RedJacketSalvageYd/

RedJacketHC040405.pdf

USEPA. “Red Jacket Salvage Yard.” CERCLIS. 27 October 2005. 18 January 2006.

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0306116.

USEPA. “Red Jacket Salvage Yard Facility Detail Report.” Envirofacts Data Warehouse.

(n.d.). 18 January 2006.

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=1100179

37303.

USEPA. “Red Jacket Salvage Yard.” On-Scene Coordinator Profile. (n.d.). 18 January 2006.

www.epaosc.net/redjacketsalvageyard.

Additional Contacts:

Nicolas Brescia (OSC), brescia.nicolas@epa.gov
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Wisconsin

361

Site Information

Site Name: Waste Research & Reclamation Co.

EPA ID No.: WID990829475

Address: Route 7, Eau Claire, WI 54701

County: Eau Claire

NPL Site: Deleted: 2/5/1993

In CERCLIS Database: 0505256

Site History and Description of Recycling Operation: This site was occupied by a roofing

company from 1970 to 1981. Waste Research & Reclamation Co. has recycled oil and solvents

from industrial sources at the 19-acre site in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, since 1975. Hazardous

wastes were also treated and stored on the site, which was privately owned and operated. It is

located about 0.5 mile east of Lowes Creek, a tributary of the Chippewa River. The techniques

used to handle and store drums allowed wastes to spill on the site. Run-off from waste

processing has been collected in unlined impoundments. Organic solvents from the site

contaminated ground water, according to analyses conducted by the state. However, to date, no

residential wells are contaminated. This operation was primarily a reclamation and recycling

facility for hazardous liquid waste. Waste materials handled included solvents and flammables.

The site received RCRA permits in September 1988 and August 2003.

Description of Contamination: The groundwater, soil, and surface water are contaminated with

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to poor waste handling and storage procedures.

This site was addressed in a long-term remedial phase, focusing on cleanup of the entire site. The

site was divided into six solid waste management units for investigation and cleanup purposes:

drum storage sheds; trailer parking, product warehouse, and abandoned drum storage area; pole

barn-cooling water discharge area and abandoned drum storage area; abandoned lagoon, existing

holding tank and existing collection sump for surface water runoff; a reclamation area, known as

the LUWA area, located in the central and western portions of the site; and a reclamation area,

known as the Kontro area, located in the south central portions of the site. The potentially

responsible parties (PRPs) for site contamination conducted an investigation into the nature and

extent of groundwater, surface water, and soil contamination at the site. In 1983, the state signed

a consent order with the PRPs to implement a long-term monitoring program. After adding this

site to the NPL, USEPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate

actions were required at the site while studies were taking place. These investigations determined

that the site should be managed under the authority of RCRA and, therefore, the site was deleted

from the NPL on February 5, 1993. Clean up costs at the site amounted to $6,470.32.

Sources of Information:

EPA Region 5. “NPL Fact Sheets for Wisconsin: Waste Research & Reclamation Co.” January

2004. 18 January 2006.

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/wisconsin/WID990829475.htm.

USEPA. Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). 30 September 2004. 18 January

2006.
Appendix 2

Profiles of Damage Cases from Hazardous Waste Recycling Wisconsin

362

USEPA. “NPL Site Narrative for Waste Research & Reclamation Co.” 7 October 2004. 18

January 2006. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar727.htm.

USEPA. “Permit Series List.” RCRAInfo. 19 January 2006.

USEPA. “Superfund Site Progress Profile for Waste Research & Reclamation Co.” CERCLIS.

12 October 2006. 23 October 2006

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0505256

Additional Contacts:

Robert Paulson (CIC), (312) 886-0272