# Patent

## Title
Apparatus and system for centering media disks on the hub of a spindle motor in a hard disk drive

## Abstract

A device for centering and securing data storage disks to the hub of a spindle motor in a hard disk drive has a chamfer and a countersink on the top of the spindle motor shaft center. During the hard disk drive assembly process, a disk centering tool engages and uses these features to locate and center the disks that are installed on the spindle motor. The features are closely toleranced to provide a very precise centering feature for mounting and aligning the media disks with respect to the hub and the spindle motor. The present design reduces the complexity of the tooling and fixtures required to complete the assembly. As a result, the overall part cost is reduced and the manufacturing yield is improved.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to an improved hard disk drive and, in particular, to an improved system and apparatus for centering and attaching media disks to the hub of a spindle motor in a hard disk drive.
2. Description of the Related Art
Data access and storage systems typically comprise one or more storage devices that store data on magnetic or optical storage media. For example, a magnetic storage device is known as a direct access storage device (DASD) or a hard disk drive (HDD) and includes one or more disks and a disk controller to manage local operations concerning the disks. The hard disks themselves are usually made of aluminum alloy or a mixture of glass and ceramic, and are covered with a magnetic coating. Typically, one to six disks are stacked vertically on a common spindle that is turned by a disk drive motor at several thousand revolutions per minute (rpm).
A typical HDD also utilizes an actuator assembly. The actuator moves magnetic read/write heads to the desired location on the rotating disk so as to write information to or read data from that location. Within most HDDs, the magnetic read/write head is mounted on a slider. A slider generally serves to mechanically support the head and any electrical connections between the head and the rest of the disk drive system. The slider is aerodynamically shaped to glide over moving air in order to maintain a uniform distance from the surface of the rotating disk, thereby preventing the head from undesirably contacting the disk.
Typically, a slider is formed with an aerodynamic pattern of protrusions on its air bearing surface (ABS) that enables the slider to fly at a constant height close to the disk during operation of the disk drive. A slider is associated with each side of each platter and flies just over the platter's surface. Each slider is mounted on a suspension to form a head gimbal assembly (HGA). The HGA is then attached to a semi-rigid actuator arm that supports the entire head flying unit. Several semi-rigid arms may be combined to form a single movable unit having either a linear bearing or a rotary pivotal bearing system.
The head and arm assembly is linearly or pivotally moved utilizing a magnet/coil structure that is often called a voice coil motor (VCM). The stator of a VCM is mounted to a base plate or casting on which the spindle is also mounted. The base casting with its spindle, actuator VCM, and internal filtration system is then enclosed with a cover and seal assembly to ensure that no contaminants can enter and adversely affect the reliability of the slider flying over the disk. When current is fed to the motor, the VCM develops force or torque that is substantially proportional to the applied current. The arm acceleration is therefore substantially proportional to the magnitude of the current. As the read/write head approaches a desired track, a reverse polarity signal is applied to the actuator, causing the signal to act as a brake, and ideally causing the read/write head to stop and settle directly over the desired track.
The attachment of the data storage disks to the hub of the spindle motor is typically accomplished via a disk clamp. The disk clamp retains the disks on the hub by attaching directly to the hub of the motor. It is very important to precisely center the disks to the hub in order to reduce installation-induced mass imbalance. Any imbalance in the disk pack and motor assembly is readily apparent when the assembly is rotated at operational speeds, which may range from 10,000 to 15,000 rpm. Thus, the reduction of imbalance prior to the balancing process can significantly improve the manufacturing process.
A conventional disk clamp 11 (FIG. 1) is typically centered on the spindle motor 13 by providing a rib 15 on top of the spindle motor hub 17. The rib 15 protrudes upward from the hub 17 and has an outer diameter 19 on which an inner diameter 21 of the disk clamp 11 is positioned and thereby centered. Moreover, very precise and expensive tooling is required to properly center and align the disk clamp 11 and hub 17. Although this design is workable, an improved system and apparatus for attaching and centering a disk clamp on the hub of a spindle motor in a hard disk drive would be desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One embodiment of a device and system for securing data storage disks to the hub of a spindle motor in a hard disk drive has a precision-tooled chamfer and a countersink on the top of the spindle motor shaft center. During the hard disk drive assembly process, a disk centering tool engages and uses these features to precisely locate and center the disks that are installed on the spindle motor. The features are closely toleranced to provide a very precise centering feature for mounting and aligning the media disks with respect to the hub and the spindle motor. The present design reduces the complexity of the tooling and fixtures required to complete the assembly. As a result, the overall part cost is reduced and the manufacturing yield is improved.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, in view of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
So that the manner in which the features and advantages of the invention, as well as others which will become apparent, are attained and can be understood in more detail, more particular description of the invention briefly summarized above may be had by reference to the embodiment thereof which is illustrated in the appended drawings, which drawings form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only an embodiment of the invention and therefore are not to be considered limiting of its scope as the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a prior art disk clamp and hub assembly.
FIG. 2 is a simplified plan view of one embodiment of a hard disk drive constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional side view of one embodiment of a spindle motor design for the hard disk drive of FIG. 2 and is constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of another embodiment of a spindle motor design for the hard disk drive of FIG. 2 and is constructed in accordance with the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic drawing of one embodiment of an information storage system comprising a magnetic hard disk file or drive 111 for a computer system is shown. Drive 111 has an outer housing or base 113 containing a plurality of stacked, parallel magnetic disks 115 (one shown) which are closely spaced apart. Disks 115 are rotated by a spindle motor assembly having a central drive hub assembly 117. An actuator 121 comprises a plurality of parallel actuator arms 125 (one shown) in the form of a comb that is pivotally mounted to base 113 about a pivot assembly 123. A controller 119 is also mounted to base 113 for selectively moving the comb of arms 125 relative to disks 115.
In the embodiment shown, each arm 125 has extending from it at least one cantilevered load beam and suspension 127. A magnetic read/write transducer or head is mounted on a slider 129 and secured to a flexure that is flexibly mounted to each suspension 127. The read/write heads magnetically read data from and/or magnetically write data to disks 115. The level of integration called the head gimbal assembly is head and the slider 129, which are mounted on suspension 127. The slider 129 is usually bonded to the end of suspension 127. The head is typically pico size (approximately 1250×1000×300 microns) and formed from ceramic or intermetallic materials. The head also may be femto size (approximately 850×700×230 microns) and is pre-loaded against the surface of disk 115 (in the range two to ten grams) by suspension 127.
Suspensions 127 have a spring-like quality, which biases or urges the air bearing surface of the slider 129 against the disk 115 to enable the creation of the air bearing film between the slider 129 and disk surface. A voice coil 133 housed within a conventional voice coil motor magnet assembly 134 (top pole not shown) is also mounted to arms 125 opposite the head gimbal assemblies. Movement of the actuator 121 (indicated by arrow 135) by controller 119 moves the head gimbal assemblies radially across tracks on the disks 115 until the heads settle on their respective target tracks. The head gimbal assemblies operate in a conventional manner and always move in unison with one another, unless drive 111 uses multiple independent actuators (not shown) wherein the arms can move independently of one another.
Referring now to FIG. 3, one embodiment of a system, method, and apparatus for axially centering, concentrically aligning, and attaching one or more media disks 115 to a hub assembly 117 of a motor in the hard disk drive 111 is shown. Some of the elements of the motor are not illustrated for ease of understanding. In the embodiment shown, the hub assembly 117 comprises a rotatable hub 153 and a stationary shaft 155 that is fixed relative to the hub 153. The motor is mounted to the enclosure 113 (FIG. 2) and has an axis 157 (FIG. 3).
The hub 153 is rotatable about the axis 157 relative to the enclosure 113 and the shaft 155. The hub 153 has an axial end 159 with an axial feature formed in the axial end 159. In the embodiment shown, the axial feature comprises a chamfer 161 and a countersink 163 that are concentrically aligned with the axis 157. The chamfer 161 and countersink 163 may comprise many different forms other than those shown as is commonly known in the art. The chamfer 161 is located at a distal end of the axial end 159, and the countersink 163 is located axially inward of the chamfer 161. As will be described below, a guide member 165 is used to concentrically align the disk 115 with respect to the axial feature to reduce any initial imbalance therein. The guide member 165 may be configured to precisely complement the shape of the axial feature, or otherwise require precise registration and alignment with the axial feature.
In operation, the present invention also comprises a system for concentrically aligning and attaching the disk 115 to the hard disk drive 111. The system provides the hub assembly 117 with an axis 157 of rotation and an axial end 159. Another step requires forming the axial feature (such as chamfer 161 and countersink 163) in the axial end 159 that is concentrically aligned with the axis 157 of rotation. An additional step requires bringing the guide member 165 into proximity and contact with the axial feature in the hub assembly 117 such that the guide member 165 is concentrically aligned with the hub assembly 117 with respect to the axis 157 of rotation. Concentrically aligning the disk 115 with the hub assembly 117 based on the alignment between the guide member 165 and the axial feature of the previous step is also required. Finally, the step of mounting the disk 115 to the hub assembly 117 to form a disk pack assembly is performed.
As stated previously, the axial feature may comprise forming a chamfer 161 and a countersink 163 in the axial end 159. Similarly, the method may comprise providing the hub assembly 117 with a shaft 155 in which the axial feature is formed, and rotating the hub assembly 117 relative to the shaft 155.
An alternate embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4 as a hub assembly 217 having an axis 257 and a shaft 255 that rotates with the hub 253. The axial feature in shaft 255 differs from the previous embodiment, in that it is axially shallower and radially narrower. However, the axial feature in shaft 255 may comprise a chamfer 261 and a countersink 263 for axially centering, concentrically aligning, and attaching a guide member 265 and one or more media disks as described above. Other than the configuration of the axial features in the shaft 255 and of the guide member 265, and the rotation of the shaft 255 with the hub assembly 217, this embodiment is substantially identical to the first embodiment.
The present invention has several advantages and solves a number of problems over prior art designs by overcoming issues related to axially aligning and centering the disks when they are fastened to the hub of the spindle motor. During the hard disk drive assembly process, the disk centering tool engages and uses the axial features to precisely locate and center the disks that are installed on the spindle motor. The features are closely toleranced to provide a very precise centering feature for mounting and aligning the media disks with respect to the hub and the spindle motor. The present design reduces the complexity of the tooling and fixtures required to complete the assembly. As a result, the overall part cost is reduced and the manufacturing yield is improved.
While the invention has been shown or described in only some of its forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible to various changes without departing from the scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. A system for assembling a hard disk drive, comprising:
an enclosure;
a motor mounted to the enclosure, the motor having an axis and a hub assembly that is rotatable about the axis relative to the enclosure, the hub assembly having an axial end with an axial feature formed in the axial end, the axial feature being concentrically aligned with the axis;
a disk for information storage and retrieval mounted to the hub assembly for rotation therewith, the disk being concentrically aligned with respect to the axial feature to reduce any initial imbalance therein;
an actuator assembly mounted to the enclosure for movement relative to the enclosure and the disk, the actuator having a head gimbal assembly with a head for reading data from and writing data to the disk; and
a guide member with an outer surface and a protrusion, the outer surface being adapted to support the disk for transfer to the hub assembly, and the protrusion being adapted to concentrically align the disk with the hub assembly via the axial feature, such that the guide member concentrically aligns with the hub assembly with respect to the axis.

2. The hard disk drive of claim 1, wherein the axial feature comprises a chamfer and a countersink and is complementary in shape to the protrusion.

3. The hard disk drive of claim 2, wherein the chamfer is located at a distal end of the axial end, and the countersink is located axially inward of the chamfer.

4. The hard disk drive of claim 1, wherein the hub assembly comprises a shaft that is mounted to the enclosure and a hub that rotates relative to the shaft.

5. A system for assembling a hard disk drive, comprising:
an enclosure;
a motor mounted to the enclosure, the motor having an axis and a hub assembly that is rotatable about the axis relative to the enclosure, the hub assembly having an axial end with an axial feature formed in the axial end, the axial feature being concentrically aligned with the axis;
a disk for information storage and retrieval mounted to the hub assembly for rotation therewith, the disk being concentrically aligned with respect to the axial feature to reduce any initial imbalance therein;
an actuator assembly mounted to the enclosure for movement relative to the enclosure and the disk, the actuator having a head gimbal assembly with a head for reading data from and writing data to the disk;
the axial feature comprising a chamfer and a countersink with the chamfer located at a distal end of the axial end, and the countersink located axially inward of the chamfer; and
a guide member with an outer surface and a protrusion, the outer surface being adapted to support the disk for transfer to the hub assembly, and the protrusion being adapted to concentrically align the disk with the hub assembly via the chamfer and countersink, such that the guide member concentrically aligns with the hub assembly with respect to the axis.

6. The hard disk drive of claim 5, wherein the hub assembly comprises a shaft that is mounted to the enclosure and a hub that rotates relative to the shaft, and the chamfer and countersink are complementary in shape to the protrusion.

7. A system for concentrically aligning and attaching a disk to a hard disk drive, comprising:
an enclosure;
a motor mounted to the enclosure, the motor having an axis and a hub assembly that is rotatable about the axis relative to the enclosure, the hub assembly having an axial end with an axial feature formed in the axial end, the axial feature being concentrically aligned with the axis;
an actuator assembly mounted to the enclosure for movement relative to the enclosure and the disk, the actuator having a head gimbal assembly with a head for reading data from and writing data to the disk; and
a guide member for concentrically aligning the disk with respect to the axial feature to reduce any initial imbalance therebetween when the guide member is brought into proximity with and contacts the guide feature, the guide member having an outer surface adapted to support the disk for transfer to the hub assembly, and a protrusion adapted to concentrically align the disk with the hub assembly via the axial feature.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the axial feature comprises a chamfer and a countersink that are complementary in shape to the protrusion.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the chamfer is located at a distal end of the axial end, and the countersink is located axially inward of the chamfer.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the hub assembly has a shaft in which the axial feature is formed.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the hub assembly is rotatable relative to the shaft.