Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-1 

## III. Affected Environment 3.1 Introduction This chapter provides a description of the manmade and natural environments on and near the existing helicopter air tour facilities at McCarran International Airport and the proposed Heliport site. The “existing condition” year for this analysis is 2004 to be consistent with the LAS FAR Part 150 Noise Compatibility Study Update[III-1]. When available, historical data for 2005 and/or 2006 are also provided in this chapter. This chapter also describes the existing conditions for environmental resource categories, as described in FAA Order 1050.1E, paragraph 403 and Order 5050.4B, paragraph 706, that are applicable to the study areas. These resource categories include: x 

### Noise x 

### Compatible land use x 

### Demographics and socioeconomic profile x 

### Air quality x 

### Department of Transportation, Section 4(f) lands, wilderness, and Areas of critical environmental concern 1 x 

### Historic, architectural, archaeological, and cultural resources and Native American religious concerns 1 x 

### Fish, wildlife, and plants and invasive, nonnative species 1 x 

### Federally listed threatened and endangered species x 

### Floodplains and floodways x 

### Water quality x 

### Hazardous materials, pollution prevention, and solid waste x 

### Visual resources 2 

### The following environmental resources are not present within the study areas (see Section 3.2) and therefore, would not be affected by the Proposed Action or the No Action alternative: wetlands, coastal resources, wild and scenic rivers, farmlands, and wild horses and burros. Chapter IV, Environmental Consequences, describes the potential and specific environmental effects of the alternatives selected for detailed evaluation, as set forth in Chapter II, Alternatives. 

## 3.2 Study Areas Three study areas were developed for this EA to describe the existing conditions in the Las Vegas region and to consider the potential direct and indirect impacts of the Proposed Action and the No Action alternative: Area of Disturbance, Overflight Area, and the Las Vegas region. 

### 3.2.1 Area of Disturbance The Area of Disturbance includes land within the Heliport site boundary (about 229 acres of land) and areas that would be affected by the extension of electrical power, water, and communication utilities to the site (see Exhibit III-1 ). 1 “Critical Elements of the Human Environment”, as listed in Appendix 5 of the BLM’s NEPA Handbook H-1790-1 . 2Visual resources, as detailed in the BLM’s Visual Resource Management (VRM) 8400 series manuals. See Section 3.16.Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-2 

### The proposed utility corridor is located south of St Rose Parkway and north of Jean, Nevada, and generally parallels I-15 and Las Vegas Boulevard South. Utilities to be installed or improved within the corridor include above-ground and underground power lines, an underground communication line, and an underground water pipeline. (See Section 1.3 for a description of the Proposed Action.) For purposes of analysis in this EA, a 200-foot wide utility corridor was assumed as part of the Area of Disturbance, except for a portion adjacent to and west of the Heliport site for which a 400 foot wide corridor was assumed. The permanent right-of-way, which would be located within the assumed 200-foot wide corridor, would be a maximum of 50 feet in width for each utility line; an additional 50-foot wide temporary right-of-way for construction would also be required. 

### 3.2.2 Overflight Area The Overflight Area includes (1) a one-mile radius around the proposed Heliport site and the west side of McCarran International Airport where existing helicopter tour facilities are located; (2) the existing Grand Canyon helicopter air tour flight corridors; and (3) three potential flight corridors3 

### analyzed as part of the Proposed Action. The boundary of the Overflight Area, which is defined by the location of existing helicopter flight corridors and potential helicopter flight corridors, is depicted on Exhibit III-2 . As shown on Exhibit III-2, the eastern boundary of the Overflight Area is the Rendezvous Point, beyond which the flight corridors to and from the Grand Canyon would remain unchanged. 

### 3.2.3 Las Vegas Region The Las Vegas region includes Clark County as a whole. The discussions on noise, air quality, demographics and socioeconomic profile include a discussion of the existing condition within Clark County. Department of Transportation, Section 4(f) lands include discussion of the existing condition in the Las Vegas region as a whole. 

## 3.3 Historical and Forecast Helicopter Air Tour Demand This section provides a summary of the historical and forecast helicopter air tour demand, as documented in the Heliport Forecasts [I-12]. 

### 3.3.1 Historical Helicopter Air Tour Demand The helicopter air tour industry in Southern Nevada has grown over the past several years. According to statistics produced using AirScene data, Grand Canyon helicopter air tour activity at McCarran increased an average of 20.7 percent per year between 2001 and 2004. In comparison,
3The CCDOA consulted with the helicopter operators, the FAA, and other stakeholders to identify potential flight corridors associated with the Heliport site. In accordance with Public Law 109 -115 the McCullough flight corridor represents the only route that can be used by Grand Canyon helicopter tour operators to cross the Sloan Canyon NCA if the flight is starting from or ending at the Heliport site. Because neither the CCDOA nor the FAA has the authority to mandate flight corridors or the use of those corridors in uncontrolled airspace, the flight corridors depicted in the Draft EA are intended to be illustrative of where Grand Canyon helicopters would fly under the Proposed Action and No Action alternatives and are the best available for analysis purposes. The Proposed Action does not include any proposal to establish or implement mandatory flight corridors.Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 2008 

### Area of Disturbance Sources: Clark County Department of Aviation; AirPhotoUSA, February 2007 (aerial photograph); SWCA Environmental Consultants (area of disturban ce). Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008. Henderson Henderson

Jean South of Sloan (Proposed Action) 

# §  ̈ ¦

15



# §  ̈ ¦

15 North McCullough Wilderness Area Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area La ke Mea d Dr. Las Vegas Blvd.

Las Vegas Blvd. Proposed utility corridor Proposed utility corridor Henderson Executive Airport 

### Legend

Exhibit III-1 Primary road

0 7,000 feet Railroad Secondary/State road Jurisdictional boundary Proposed heliport site area Note: The area of disturbance includes areas that could be affected by construction or the extension of utilities to the site. National Conservation Area or Wilderness Area Area of disturbance

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation North Las Vegas Airport

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 2008 

### Overflight Area Sources: Clark County Department of Aviation; Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2007. Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008. 

# ^ _ Henderson Henderson

Eldorado Wilderness Area

Black Canyon Wilderness Area Pinto Valley Wilderness Area

Lake Mead National Recreation Area Boulder City Boulder City Las Vegas Las Vegas

Boulder City Boulder City South of Sloan (Proposed Action) McCarran International Airport Rendezvous Point 

# A 160

159 41

165 161 Lake Mead 

# §  ̈ ¦ 215 

# £ ¤

95



# £ ¤

95 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# £ ¤

95 L Sunrise Mountain Natural Area

North McCullough Wilderness Area Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area

South McCullough Wilderness Area Henderson Executive Airport Boulder City Municipal Airport

Jean Airport 

### Legend

Exhibit III-2 Proposed heliport site 

# ^ _ Primary road National Conservation Area, Wilderness Area, Natural Area, or National Recreation Area

0 4 miles Railroad Secondary/State road Jurisdictional boundary Flight path allowed by Congressional legislation for helicopter tours originating or concluding at the South of Sloan site and crossing the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area Overflight area Boulder City conservation easement

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport III-5 December 2008 Affected Environment 

### total air carrier aircraft operations at McCarran increased an average of 4.3 percent per year over the same period. Helicopter air tour activity to the Grand Canyon has, therefore, increased at a higher rate than air carrier aircraft operations in the region in recent years. In 2004, annual helicopter departures totaled 33,190 Grand Canyon tours and 11,501 Las Vegas Strip tours. In 2005, annual helicopter departures totaled 37,595 Grand Canyon tours and 12,775 Las Vegas Strip tours. In 2006, annual helicopter departures totaled 36,865 Grand Canyon tours and 12,045 Las Vegas Strip tours. Assuming a load of 5.5 enplaned passengers per helicopter departure based on the helicopter fleet mix, air tour helicopters carried about 182,550 passengers on tours of the Grand Canyon and about 63,260 passengers on tours of the Las Vegas Strip and in 2004. In 2005, air tour helicopters carried about 206,772 passengers on tours of the Grand Canyon and about 70,262 passengers on tours of the Las Vegas Strip. In 2006, air tour helicopters carried about 202,757 passengers on tours of the Grand Canyon and about 66,247 passengers on tours of the Las Vegas Strip. The actual 2006 Grand Canyon annual tour departures are within about three percent of the number of departures forecasted in 2004 for 2006. 

### 3.3.2 Current Helicopter Tour Operators As of 2007, four commercial helicopter operators provided helicopter air tours from their base at McCarran. A fifth commercial helicopter operator, offering helicopter training and local tours, is partially based at North Las Vegas Airport. Helicopter tours are also conducted at the Boulder City Municipal Airport by an operator who is also based at McCarran. Multiple sites on the west side of McCarran are currently used as bases for the four helicopter tour operators operating at McCarran. These helicopter facilities are located about two miles south of Caesars Palace, a location that is considered the center of the helicopter air tour customer base. Additional helicopters used for television news gathering, fire fighting, and executive charter flights are also based at McCarran and at other airports and private heliports located throughout the Las Vegas region. 

### 3.3.3 Forecast Helicopter Air Tour Demand Unconstrained forecasts of helicopter air tour passengers and operations in the Las Vegas region were approved in 2007 and are described in the Heliport Forecasts [I-12]. Helicopter tour activity based at McCarran in 2004 was used as the existing condition in the forecasts. Table III-1 summarizes the forecast of helicopter air tour departures as derived from the Heliport Forecasts. An unconstrained growth rate of 4.0 percent per year is forecast through the planning period. As shown in Table III-1, based on the forecast growth rate, the number of Grand Canyon air tour departures is forecast to increase from about 33,190 in 2004 to 43,700 in 2011 and 55,200 in 2017. Daily departures for Grand Canyon air tours are forecast to increase from an average of 91 in 2004 to 120 in 2011 and 151 in 2017. The total number of helicopter air tour departures, including Las Vegas Strip tour departures, is forecast to increase from 44,692 in 2004 to 58,900 in 2011 and 74,400 in 2017.Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-6 Table III-1 Forecast of Helicopter Air Tour Departures Las Vegas Strip Tours Grand Canyon Tours Total Tour Departures Year Annual Daily Annual Daily Annual Daily Historical 2004 11,501 32 33,190 91 44,692 122 2005 12,775 35 37,595 103 50,370 138 2006 12,045 33 36,865 101 48,910 134 Forecast

2011 15,200 41 43,700 120 58,900 161 2017 19,200 53 55,200 151 74,400 204 Notes: Columns may not add to totals shown because of rounding. Forecasts are intended to represent general trends; therefore, some air tour departures reported in this table shows faster historical growth while other years show slower growth. Sources: Clark County Department of Aviation, using data from AirScene (2004-2006 departures); Ricondo & Associates, Inc. Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008 

## 3.4 Physical Setting and Resources The natural environment in the Las Vegas region, including the climate, topography and drainage, soils, and mineral resources and mining, is described below. 

### 3.4.1 Climate The Las Vegas region has a warm climate, with an average annual temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit. The four seasons are well defined. In summer, the region experiences daytime maximum temperatures usually averaging about 100 degrees Fahrenheit with extreme summertime temperatures reaching 115 degrees Fahrenheit and higher on some occasions. The proximity of the mountains contributes to relatively cool summer nights with average temperatures in the mid 70s. Winter temperatures are generally mild, with the temperature dropping below freezing about 12 days per year. Daytime winter temperatures average near 60 degrees Fahrenheit with mostly clear skies. The spring and fall seasons are generally considered the most ideal, with average daily temperatures about 80 degrees Fahrenheit, although rather extreme temperature changes can occur during these months. The Sierra Nevada Mountains of California and the Spring Mountains immediately west of the Las Vegas Valley, the latter rising to elevations over 10,000 feet above the Valley floor, act as effective barriers to moisture moving eastward from the Pacific Ocean. These barriers primarily result in a minimum of overcast and rainy days. The numbers of rainy days during a given month in the region can vary from less than one rainy day in June to three days during the winter months. Humidity is normally low, averaging 30 percent, but moist tropical air from the southwest affects the region from mid- to late summer months. 

### 3.4.2 Topography and Drainage Clark County is within the Basin and Range Physiographic Province. The topography of this Province is one of marked relief, with low-lying valley floors surrounded by steeply rising mountain ranges. Topography divides Nevada into a number of generally closed drainage basins. Both theClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport III-7 December 2008 Affected Environment 

### Heliport site and McCarran lie in the Las Vegas Valley hydrographic area. (See Section 3.8.2 for a discussion of Hydrographic Area 212, the Las Vegas Valley hydrographic area.) Portions of the Heliport site and areas to the east are hilly. The elevation of the Heliport site ranges from a low of about 3,000 feet above mean sea level (MSL) on the western side of the site to a high of about 3,340 feet above MSL in the southeastern corner of the site. Drainage on the site flows northwesterly. Major washes cross the southern third of the site and the southwestern tip of the site. 

### 3.4.3 Mineral Resources and Mining According to a database of mining claims 4

### maintained by the BLM, there are 12 mill site claims (“Apple Rose 6” through “Apple Rose 17” inclusive) that are on or partially on the Heliport site. No development or work has occurred on any of these mill site claims and no plans of operations have been submitted to or approved by BLM for any of them. Each of the 12 mill site claims is partially or totally within the proposed Transportation and Utility Corridor that was withdrawn from location and entry under the mining laws by the action of the BLM dated July 2, 2007, pursuant to section 501(b) of P.L. 107-282, the Clark County Conservation of Public Land and Natural Resources Act of 2002 [III-2]. There are no active mining claims within the Heliport site. Two mining claims of approximately 20 acres each (“QU #15” and “QU #29”) in the same section as the Heliport site have been closed. Just north of the Heliport site, the BLM database shows four active mining claims. Just south of the Heliport site, the BLM database shows two active mining claims. No other mining claims were found in the BLM database. The Clark County Assessor’s Office database of land ownership records does not show private holdings (or patented mining claims) near the Heliport site. Gravel was once mined from small pits to the south of the Heliport site and just west of the southern half of the site in the small wash that drains west-northwest; however no potentially significant mining material was found near the site. Part of the southwest corner of Heliport site (less than 10 acres) is utilized by the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) as a material site 5

### to extract gravel for regional transportation projects. 

## 3.5 Noise In accordance with FAA Orders 5050.4B and 1050.1E, aircraft noise exposure in the vicinity of McCarran International Airport and the Heliport site was analyzed for existing (2004) and future (2011 and 2017) conditions. Total aircraft noise exposure contours and helicopter noise exposure contours for existing (2004) conditions at McCarran are discussed in Section 3.5.1 below. Existing noise levels at the Heliport site and at other locations of interest within the Overflight Area are described in Section 3.5.2. A discussion of the noise analysis techniques, methodology, and assumptions used for the existing and future year noise analysis is provided in Appendix D .
4The BLM maintains an online database of mining claims, listed by quarter section. The claims in the database are unpatented mining claims; that is, no private land ownership is associated with the claims. 5NDOT site NEV044285 is used to extract gravel for regional transportation projects.Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-8 

### The primary metric used in the noise analysis is the day-night average sound level (DNL), which is the average sound pressure level in A-weighted decibels (dBA) for an average day of the year. 6

### (See Appendix D for further details.) DNL is calculated using the sound energy generated by individual aircraft operations (arrivals or departures), the number of operations occurring during a theoretical average 24-hour period, and the times of day the operations occur. A 10-decibel (dB) weighting penalty is added for aircraft operations occurring during nighttime hours (between 10:00 p.m. and 6:59 a.m.). The 10-dB penalty represents the added intrusiveness of sounds that occur during sleeping hours, both because of the increased sensitivity to noise during sleep, and because ambient sound levels during nighttime hours are typically about 10 dB lower than during daytime hours. With the penalty, each operation during nighttime hours is considered to be equivalent to 10 operations of the same aircraft type during daytime hours (between 7:00 a.m. and 9:59 p.m.). The FAA’s Integrated Noise Model (INM), Version 6.1, was used to evaluate total aircraft noise exposure at McCarran International Airport. 7

### INM Version 7.0, the most current version of the INM at the time this EA was prepared, was used for the helicopter noise exposure analysis documented in this EA. The INM produces noise exposure contours, which are computer-generated drawings that depict areas of equal noise exposure resulting from aircraft overflights. Four specific ranges of noise exposure were estimated in the total aircraft noise analysis: (1) DNL 75 and higher, (2) DNL 70 to 75, (3) DNL 65 to 70, and (4) DNL 60 to 65. Two specific ranges of noise exposure were estimated in the helicopter noise analysis: (1) DNL 65 and higher and (2) DNL 60 to 65. Clark County agencies use information regarding noise exposure between DNL 60 and DNL 65 for local planning purposes; therefore DNL 60 noise contours are depicted on exhibits in this EA. 

### 3.5.1 McCarran International Airport Noise exposure contours representing total aircraft operations, including helicopter operations, at McCarran in 2004 are presented on Exhibit III-3and are reproduced from the Noise Exposure Map Report, FAR Part 150 Noise Compatibility Study Update . As shown on Exhibit III-3, although noise-sensitive land uses throughout the vicinity of McCarran are exposed to aircraft noise of DNL 65 and higher, the highest levels of aircraft noise exposure occur in areas west/southwest of McCarran. The primary contributors to aircraft noise in these areas are overflights by aircraft departing McCarran on Runways 25L and 25R. In 2004, about 54 percent of daytime air carrier aircraft departures and 82 percent of nighttime air carrier aircraft departures from McCarran occurred on Runways 25L and 25R. Departures on Runways 19L and 19R (accounting for about 25 percent of daytime departures and 9 percent of nighttime departures from McCarran in 2004) also contribute to aircraft noise in areas south/southwest of McCarran.
6A-weighted sound pressure level is a frequency-weighted sound level that correlates with the way sound is perceived by the human ear. 7The total aircraft noise exposure contours were derived from the Noise Exposure Map Report, FAR Part 150 Noise Compatibility Study Update, which was completed in November 2006. The FAA accepted the 2004 and 2011 noise exposure maps for McCarran International Airp ort in July 2007.

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-10 

### Exhibit III-4depicts 2004 noise exposure contours associated solely with helicopter operations at McCarran International Airport superimposed on a map of generalized existing land uses. The 2004 helicopter noise exposure contours were developed by Brown-Buntin Associates, Inc. (BBA), using INM Version 7.0. As shown on Exhibit III-4, noise exposure levels of DNL 65 generated by helicopter tour operations in 2004 did not extend beyond McCarran’s property boundary. As can be seen by comparing Exhibits III-3 and III-4, the relative contribution of helicopter operations to the 2004 DNL 65 noise exposure contour at McCarran was very minimal. Noise generated by helicopter operations at McCarran in 2004 was, relatively, overwhelmed by noise generated by fixed-wing aircraft operations. 

### 3.5.2 2004 Ambient Noise Monitoring Program As part of the preparation for this EA, the existing (2004) ambient noise environment in the vicinity of the Heliport site, and at other locations near and beneath the Overflight Area, was evaluated using a noise-monitoring program. Continuous noise monitoring for a minimum of 24 hours was conducted at the 10 locations depicted on Exhibit III-5 . Two of the noise-monitoring locations represent alternative heliport sites, noted as McCarran International Airport and South of Sloan (Proposed Action) and eight of the locations are beneath the Overflight Area, noted as sites R1 through R8. Noise monitoring locations were selected by BBA with input from the CCDOA and the BLM. The noise monitoring locations were selected to provide reference locations for assessing project-related noise impacts, which are discussed in Section 4.1. Noise level measurements were recorded during July and October 2004. Noise monitoring equipment consisted of Larson-Davis Laboratories (LDL) Model 820 sound level analyzers equipped with Bruel & Kjaer (B&K) Type 4176 0.5-inch microphones (see Appendix D for more details). In addition to the 10 sites noted above, ambient noise monitoring data from two locations beneath the Overflight Area, from an unrelated project conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration8 

### , was also evaluated and incorporated into this EA for informational purposes. Ambient noise monitoring was conducted by the FAA for 16-17 days at those locations. The FAA noise monitoring sites are depicted as L05 and L07 on Exhibit III-5. As previously mentioned, DNL is the average sound pressure level in A-weighted decibels for an average day of the year. Other statistical descriptors that are useful in describing the ambient noise characteristics of a specific location include Lmax 

### , Leq

### , and L 90 

### . Such descriptors are typically calculated for each one-hour interval of the overall sample period. Lmax

### represents the highest noise level measured during a sample period and Leq 

### represents the energy average noise level during the sample period. L90

### describes the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time during the sample period. L 90

### is useful for describing the background (or residual) noise in the absence of any easily defined noise events, such as those caused by occasional traffic, barking dogs, or aircraft overflights. The ambient noise monitoring results are summarized in Table III-2 , which shows the locations and dates of the noise measurements, along with the range of hourly Lmax

### , Leq

### , and L 90

### values for the sampling periods. The FAA did not report Lmax

### values for Sites L05 and L07. Table III-2 also shows 8Federal Aviation Administration, Baseline Ambient Sound Levels in Lake Mead National Recreation Area (DOT-VNTSC-FAA-06-13), April 2006

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### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviatio

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 200 

### Ambient Noise Monitor Location Sources: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2007; Clark County Department of Aviation; Brown-Buntin Associates, Inc. (sites R1 through R8); Federa l Aviation Administration, "Baseline Ambient Sound Levels in Lake Mead National Recreation Area," April 2006 (sites L05 and L07). Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2008. 

# ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (

! ( ! ( ! ( ! (

! (3±3± Henderson Henderson Tropicana Charleston

Eldorado Wilderness Area Black Canyon Wilderness Area Pinto Valley Wilderness Area

Boulder City Boulder City Las Vegas Las Vegas

South of Sloan (Proposed Action) McCarran International Airport Rendezvous Point 

# A 160

159 41

165 161 Lake Mead 

# §  ̈ ¦ 215 

# £ ¤

95



# £ ¤

95 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# £ ¤

95 L Sunrise Mountain Natural Area

Lake Mead National Recreation Area North McCullough Wilderness Area Sloan Canyon National

Conservation Area

South McCullough Wilderness Area R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1

L05 L07

Boulder City Boulder City
Jean Airport Henderson Executive Airport Boulder City Municipal Airport North Las Vegas Airport 

### Legend

Exhibit III- At alternative heliport site 

# ! (
Primary road

0 4 miles Railroad Secondary/State road Jurisdictional boundary

DNL 69.2 DNL 46.8 DNL 45.1 DNL 49.4 DNL 50.2 DNL 56.2 DNL 55.1 DNL 59.7 DNL 50.6 DNL 62.2 Ambient noise monitors Underneath or near potential and existing flight corridors 

# ! ( R1 DNL 60.0 Measured ambient DNL (see Table III-2) Other features

McCarran International Airport existing flight corridor to or from the Grand Canyon Direction of traffic 

### Flight Corridor Identification Charleston Tropicana Existing arrival flight corridor along Charleston Boulevard Existing departure flight corridor along Tropicana Avenue Helicopter flight corridors National Conservation Area, Wilderness Area, Natural Area, or National Recreation Area Flight path allowed by Congressional legislation for helico tours originating or concluding at the South of Sloan site a crossing the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area Overflight area Boulder City conservation easement FAA noise monitoring site3± L05

DNL 41.8 DNL 55.1 n

8 

### s 5 pter nd

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-13 Table III-2 Summary of Noise Level Measurements – All Ambient Sources Hourly Noise Levels (dBA) 1/ Location Name Date L max L eq L 90 DNL Source of Noise South of Sloan 07/01/04 61-79 51-65 46-57 69.2 Roadway traffic, railroad, and wind McCarran International Airport 08/03/04 63-83 50-62 48-55 62.2 Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and roadway traffic R1 10/13/04 40-73 23-59 18-45 50.6 Fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters R2 10/13/04 52-83 35-67 28-52 59.7 Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and roadway traffic R3 10/13/04 49-75 38-56 34-49 55.1 Fixed-wing aircraft and wind R4 10/28/04 58-75 43-54 31-45 56.2 Construction activities and wind 2/ R5 10/28/04 29-77 19-55 18-30 50.2 Fixed-wing aircraft and wind R6 10/28/04 41-75 26-54 19-34 49.4 Fixed-wing aircraft and wind R7 10/28/04 38-72 23-52 19-39 46.8 Fixed-wing aircraft and wind R8 10/28/04 42-77 31-53 22-37 45.1 3/ Commercial activities and wind L05 4/ 05/06/04 – 05/22/04 ʊ 6/25-42 17-28 41.8 5/ Aircraft, vehicles, visitors, gunfire, and wind L07 4/ 05/05/04 – 05/21/04 ʊ 6/30-61 21-31 55.1 5/ Aircraft, vehicles, watercraft, water, and wind Notes: dBA = A-weighted decibel DNL = Day-night average sound level 1/ The range of hourly noise levels measured over a 24-hour period. Noise levels were measured over a 16-17-day period at L05 and L07. 2/ Construction-related noise is expected to be temporary. 3/ Commercial activities include the Jean Sport Aviation Center and casino hotel. 4/ FAA ambient noise monitoring site and data as described in Baseline Ambient Sound Levels in Lake Mead National Recreation Area (DOT-VNTSC-FAA-06-13), April 2006. 5/ DNL values estimated based upon hourly L eqdata measured by the FAA, as referenced in Note 4 above. 6/ FAA did not report L max values for Sites L05 and L07. Source: Brown-Buntin Associates, Inc., January 2005 Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., December 2008Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport III-14 December 2008 Affected Environment 

### the measured DNL for the sample period at Sites R1-R8 and at the two alternative heliport sites and the sources of ambient noise that were noted while an observer was present. The DNL values reported in Table III-2 for FAA Sites L05 and L07 were estimated from average hourly Leq

### data since the FAA did not report measured DNL values for those sites. The measured or estimated DNLs for the sample periods at each location are also presented on Exhibit III-5. The ambient acoustical environment at each of the noise monitoring locations is described below. Appendix D provides exhibits summarizing the hourly noise levels measured at each location, along with the measured or estimated DNL for the noise-monitoring periods. A photograph of each noise monitoring location and the noise monitoring equipment setup is included with each exhibit. The exhibits demonstrate that ambient noise levels vary during the day and night, with the lowest noise levels generally occurring during the late night and early morning hours. 3.5.2.1 Proposed Heliport Site The Heliport site is located in an undeveloped area on the east side of I-15 and the Union Pacific Railroad corridor. Primary noise sources affecting the environs around the Heliport site are freeway traffic and railroad operations, although small fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters occasionally fly along the interstate corridor. Noise measurements were recorded on July 1, 2004. Measured hourly background noise levels, as defined by the L90 

### , ranged from 46 to 57 dBA and the measured DNL for the 24-hour sample period was 69.2. This measurement primarily reflected roadway traffic and wind. Appendix D presents a summary of hourly noise levels at the Heliport site for the noise-monitoring period. 3.5.2.2 McCarran International Airport The primary noise sources at McCarran International Airport are fixed-wing jet aircraft. As the site is located close to existing major roadways, roadway traffic is also a primary noise source affecting the area. Noise measurements were recorded on August 3, 2004, at a location near the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, just north of McCarran. This location is affected by noise from fixed-wing aircraft, roadway traffic, and existing helicopter air tour operations along the Tropicana flight corridor. Measured hourly background noise levels, as defined by the L90 

### , ranged from 48 to 55 dBA and the measured DNL for the 24-hour sample period was 62.2. Maximum noise levels from individual aircraft operations ranged from 75 to 85 dBA. Appendix D provides an exhibit that summarizes hourly noise levels for the noise-monitoring period at McCarran. According to the LAS FAR Part 150 Noise Compatibility Study Update, the number of households and people estimated to have been exposed to all sources of aircraft noise of DNL 65 and higher in 2004 were 2,189 and 4,286, respectively. 3.5.2.3 Ambient Noise Levels at Other Locations in the Overflight Area Noise monitoring locations R1 through R8 and FAA locations L05 and L07 as shown on Exhibit III-5, represent areas that currently experience helicopter overflights or that could experience helicopter overflights if a heliport were constructed at the Heliport site. Locations R1, R2, and L07 are in areas that currently experience helicopter air tour flights originating at McCarran. Locations R3 through R8, and L05 are in areas not currently affected by such flights. Locations L05 and L07 are located within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA). Location R1 is just outside the western boundary of the LMNRA and locations R4 through R6 are within the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area (NCA) and/or North McCullough Wilderness Area. Noise sourcesClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-15 

### affecting the noise monitoring locations included wind over the ground and in the sparse vegetation of the area and, in most cases, aircraft overflights. Most of the locations were affected by overflights of air carrier jet aircraft associated with operations at McCarran. Smaller fixed-wing aircraft operating at McCarran, the Henderson Executive Airport, and the Boulder City Municipal Airport were also observed to overfly locations R5, R6, a nd R7. Measured hourly background noise levels, as defined by the L 90 

### , ranged from a low of 17-18 dBA at locations R1, R5, and L05, to a high of 52 dBA at location R2. The measured or estimated DNLs for the 24-hour sample periods ranged from 41.8 at location L05 to 59.7 at location R2. Exhibits in Appendix D summarize hourly noise levels during the noise monitoring periods for the representative noise monitoring locations. 

## 3.6 Compatible Land Use Federal agencies have adopted guidelines for compatible land uses and environmental noise levels. On the basis of extensive research on the effects of noise on people, it has been determined that noise levels that are incompatible with residential land uses may be compatible with commercial and industrial land uses, including stores and factories [III-3]. The FAA has developed land use compatibility guidelines relating types of land uses to aircraft noise levels. 14 CFR Part 150, Airport Noise Compatibility Planning [III-4], sets forth compatibility guidelines for residential, public, commercial, manufacturing, and recreational land uses, as presented in Table III-3 . 

### 3.6.1 Existing Land Uses Generalized existing land uses on and in the vicinity of the Heliport site and in the vicinity of the west side of McCarran are described below. The exhibits in this section depict existing land uses and not land ownership. The source of the existing land use data is the Clark County Tax Assessor’s Office; however the land use classifications have been simplified/generalized to be more consistent with land use classifications in 14 CFR Part 150. 3.6.1.1 Proposed Heliport Site Exhibit III-6presents generalized existing land uses on and in the vicinity of the Heliport site. The site is vacant and undeveloped. A vacant 20-acre NDOT materials site is located on the southwestern portion of the site. Vacant and undeveloped BLM-managed land surrounds the Heliport site. The nearest developments are more than one mile from the site and are public land uses. The boundary of the Sloan Canyon NCA is about 2.3 miles east of the Heliport site. 3.6.1.2 McCarran International Airport Exhibit III-7depicts the generalized existing land uses in the vicinity of McCarran International Airport. As shown, McCarran is just south of an extensively developed area. The Las Vegas Strip, with a wide array of casinos and hotels, begins northwest of McCarran and extends southward to and along McCarran’s west side. Recent trends have included expansion of the Strip further south as the demand for new resorts and hotel facilities has increased. The areas north and east of McCarran are primarily occupied by high-density residential developments and some religious facilities, schools, and neighborhood shopping centers. The University of Nevada, Las Vegas is less than one mile northeast of McCarran. The land south, southeast, and southwest of McCarran are developed with low-density single-family residential, high-density residential, and commercial and industrial developments have been constructed in those areas. Industrial developments are located southwest of McCarran near the interchange of I-15 and Blue Diamond Road. New industrial uses west of I-15 extend almost to Valley View Boulevard.Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport III-16 December 2008 Affected Environment Table III-3 Suggested Land Use Compatibility Guidelines in Aircraft Noise Exposure Areas Land Use DNL 65 to 70 DNL 70 to 75 DNL 75+ Residential Residential other than mobile homes and transient NLR required 1/NLR required 1/Incompatible lodgings Mobile homes Transient lodgings Incompatible NLR required 1/ Incompatible NLR required 1/ Incompatible Incompatible Public Use NLR required 1/ NLR required 1/NLR required 1/ NLR required 1/Incompatible Incompatible Schools, hospitals, and nursing homes Churches, auditoriums, and concert halls Governmental services Transportation Parking Compatible Compatible Compatible NLR required 2/ Compatible 2/ Compatible NLR required 2/ Compatible 2/ Compatible Commercial Use NLR required Compatible NLR required 2/ Compatible NLR required 2/ 2/ Compatible Offices, business, and professional Wholesale and retail—building materials, hardware, and farm equipment Retail trade—general Utilities NLR required Compatible NLR required 2/ Compatible NLR required 2/ Compatible Communication NLR required NLR required NLR required Manufacturing and Production Compatible 2/ Compatible 2/ Compatible Manufacturing—general Photographic and optical Compatible NLR required NLR required Agriculture (except livestock) and forestry Compatible Compatible Compatible Livestock farming and breeding Compatible Compatible Incompatible Mining and fishing resources production and Compatible Compatible Compatible extraction Recreational 3/ Compatible Incompatible 3/ Compatible Incompatible Incompatible Incompatible Outdoor sports arenas and spectator sports Outdoor music shells, amphitheaters Nature exhibits and zoos Amusements, parks, resorts, and camps Golf courses, riding stables, and water recreation Compatible Compatible Compatible Incompatible Compatible Compatible Incompatible Incompatible Incompatible DNL= Day-night average sound level, in A-weighted decibels. Compatible = Generally, no special noise attenuating materials are required to achieve an interior noise level of DNL 45 in habitable spaces, or the activity (whether indoors or outdoors) would not be subject to a significant adverse effect by the outdoor noise level. Incompatible = Generally, the land use, whether in a structure or an outdoor activity, is considered to be incompatible with the outdoor noise level even if special attenuating materials were to be used in the construction of the building. NLR = Noise Level Reduction. NLR is used to denote the total amount of noise transmission loss in decibels required to reduce an exterior noise level in habitable interior spaces to DNL 45. In most places, typical building construction automatically provides an NLR of 20 decibels. Therefore, if a structure is located in an area exposed to aircraft noise of DNL 65, the interior noise level would be about DNL 45. If the structure is located in an area exposed to aircraft noise of DNL 70, the interior noise level would be about DNL 50, so an additional NLR of 5 decibels would be required if not afforded by the normal construction. This NLR can be achieved through the use of noise attenuating materials in the construction of the structure. Notes: 1/ The land use is generally incompatible with aircraft noise and should only be permitted in areas of infill in existing neighborhoods or where the community determines that the use must be allowed. 2/ NLR required in offices or other areas with noise-sensitive activities. 3/ Provided that special sound reinforcement systems are installed. Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Aviation Regulations Part 150, Airport Noise Compatibility Planning, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Chapter I, Subchapter I, Part 150, Table 1, January 18, 1985, as amended. Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008Clark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 2008 

### Generalized Existing Land Uses in the Vicinity of the Area of Disturbance Sources: SWCA Environmental Consultants (area of disturbance); Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2007, based on existing land use data provided by the Clark County Department of Aviation, February 2005. Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008.î 

## å

å å Unincorporated Clark County North McCullough Wilderness Area Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area

Jean 

## Unincorporated

Clark County South of Sloan (Proposed Action) 

## City of Henderson 

# §  ̈ ¦

15



# §  ̈ ¦

15 Lake

Me

a d Dr. Las Vegas Blvd.

L as

Vega s Blvd. Proposed utility corridor Proposed utility corridor Henderson Executive Airport 

### Legend

Exhibit III-6 0 7,000 feet * Recreation includes commercial and non-profit recreational facilities

Street Interstate highway U.S. route Jurisdictional boundary Vacant / open space Park / recreation* Mobile home Commercial Industrial Public Proposed heliport site area

School 

## n Religious facility 

## î Hospital 

## G Structure listed in National Register of Historic Places 

## ^ Day care 

## # Noise sensitive facilities
Other features Generalized existing land uses Residential multi-family Residential single-family


# §  ̈ ¦ £ ¤ Railroad Note: The area of disturbance includes areas that could be affected by construction or the extension of utilities to the site. Area of disturbance

### This page intentionally left blank

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-19 

### 3.6.1.3 Existing Land uses beneath Overflight Area Generalized existing land uses beneath the Overflight Area are shown on Exhibit III-8 . Much of the Overflight Area is undeveloped open space administered by the BLM. The Lake Mead National Recreation Area is administered by the National Park Service and is classified as park/recreation on Exhibit III-8. 

### 3.6.2 Planned Land Uses Clark County is divided into numerous planning areas covering incorporated jurisdictions and unincorporated areas. Exhibit III-9depicts planning areas in the Las Vegas region, including Clark County and incorporated cities. Planned land use recommendations for incorporated cities (Henderson, Boulder City, and Las Vegas) are addressed in comprehensive plans/land use plans developed by various city departments. Planned land use recommendations for unincorporated portions of Clark County are addressed in land use plans developed by the Clark County Department of Comprehensive Planning and adopted by the Clark County Board of County Commissioners. The Clark County Board of County Commissioners has adopted development plans and guides for the unincorporated towns of Enterprise, Goodsprings (the South County Planning Area), Whitney, and Winchester and Paradise and for unincorporated areas south of the Las Vegas Valley (the South County Planning Area). The exhibits in this section depict planned land uses and not land ownership. The sources of the planned land use data are listed above; however the land use classifications used by Clark County and the incorporated cities have been simplified/generalized to be more consistent with land use classifications in 14 CFR Part 150. The following sections describe generalized existing land uses in the vicinity of the Heliport site and in the vicinity of the west side of McCarran. 3.6.2.1 Proposed Heliport Site Generalized planned land uses in the vicinity of the Heliport site are depicted on Exhibit III-10 . The site is located in unincorporated Clark County within the area covered by the South County Land Use and Development Guide[III-5]. Clark County is currently updating portions of this plan, which was adopted in 1994 and amended in 2005. In 2007, the City of Henderson annexed about 3,455 acres of land, which expanded the city boundary southwestward and created the West Henderson Planning Area. The southern boundary of the West Henderson Planning Area is located adjacent to the northern boundary of the Heliport site. Planned land use designations contained in Clark County’s South County Land Use and Development Guideapply to the portion of the West Henderson Planning Area south of Sloan Road. Land parcels in the immediate surroundings of the Heliport site are anticipated to remain vacant in the future based on adopted land use plans and current land ownership status. About one mile northeast of the Heliport site within the West Henderson Planning Area, there is a parcel that is planned for single-family residential land uses; however, no specific development projects have been proposed for the parcel.

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 2008 

### Generalized Existing Land Uses in the Overflight Area Source: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2007 based on existing land use data provided by the Clark County Department of Aviation, February 2005. Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008. 

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# ^ _ Sunrise Mountain Natural Area

South McCullough Wilderness Area Lake Mead National Recreation Area Sloan Canyon National

Conservation Area North McCullough Wilderness Area South of Sloan (Proposed Action) McCarran International Airport Rendezvous Point 

# A 160

159 41

165 161 Lake Mead 

# §  ̈ ¦ 215 

# £ ¤

95



# £ ¤

95 

# §  ̈ ¦

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# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# £ ¤

95

Henderson Executive Airport

Jean Airport Boulder City Municipal Airport North Las Vegas Airport 

### Legend

Exhibit III-8 Proposed heliport site 

# ^ _

0 4 miles City of Las Vegas

City of Henderson

Boulder City Unincorporated

Clark County Unincorporated

Clark County

Unincorporated Clark County * Recreation includes commercial and non-profit recreational facilities

Street Interstate highway U.S. route Jurisdictional boundary Vacant / open space Park / recreation* Mobile home Commercial Industrial Public School 

## n Religious facility 

## î Hospital 

## G Structure listed in National Register of Historic Places 

## ^ Day care 

## # Noise sensitive facilities
Other features Generalized existing land uses Residential multi-family Residential single-family


# §  ̈ ¦ £ ¤ Railroad Overflight area
Boulder City LAND USE DATA NOT AVAILABLE

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 2008 

### Clark County Planning Area Source: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2007; Clark County Department of Aviation. Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008. 

# ^ _ South of Sloan (Proposed Action) McCarran International Airport 160

159 41

165 161 Lake Mead 

# §  ̈ ¦ 215 

# £ ¤

95



# £ ¤

95 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# £ ¤

95

Henderson Executive Airport

Jean Airport Boulder City Municipal Airport 

### Legend

Exhibit III-9 Proposed heliport site 

# ^ _

0 4 miles Unincorporated

Clark County Summerlin South City of Las Vegas Sunrise Manor Spring Valley Winchester Whitney City of Henderson Enterprise Paradise

Boulder City South County (Unincorporated Clark County) Unincorporated

Clark County Goodsprings Red Rock

(Blue Diamond)

South County (Unincorporated

Clark County) Primary road Secondary/State road Railroad Nellis Air Force Base City of North Las Vegas

Boulder City Jurisdictional boundary



### s

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 2008 

### Generalized Planned Land Uses in the Vicinity of the Area of Disturbance Source: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2007 based on data obtained from the Clark County Department of Comprehensive Planning, February 2005; SWCA Environmental Consultants (area of disturbance). Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008.î 

## å

å å Unincorporated Clark County North McCullough Wilderness Area Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area

Jean 

## Unincorporated

Clark County South of Sloan (Proposed Action) 

## City of Henderson 

# §  ̈ ¦

15



# §  ̈ ¦

15 L ake Mead Dr. Las Vegas Blvd.

Las Ve ga

s Blvd . Proposed utility corridor Proposed utility corridor Henderson Executive Airport 

### Legend

Exhibit III-10 0 7,000 feet Street Interstate highway U.S. route Jurisdictional boundary Proposed heliport site area

School 

## n Religious facility 

## î Hospital 

## G Structure listed in National Register of Historic Places 

## ^ Day care 

## # Noise sensitive facilities
Other features



# §  ̈ ¦ £ ¤ Railroad Note: The area of disturbance includes areas that could be affected by construction or the extension of utilities to the site. Area of disturbance

* Recreation includes commercial and non-profit

recreational facilities Vacant / tax exempt Park / recreation* Commercial Mixed use Open space Public Generalized planned land uses Residential multi-family Residential single-family Industrial Major development project Bureau of Land Management Disposal Area

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport December 2008 Affected Environment III-23 

### As shown on Exhibit III-10, the Heliport site is located outside the BLM disposal boundary. Development outside the BLM disposal boundary is limited because the land is publicly managed. BLM policies on lands under BLM administration include a variety of public use, conservation, and resource management actions. Certain lands administered by the BLM fall under the classification of general management, while other areas are special designation management areas where specific policies apply. The BLM has developed resource management plans for the special designation management areas in Clark County, including the Sloan Canyon NCA. BLM lands immediately south of the Heliport site fall under the classification of general management. The boundary of the Sloan Canyon NCA is about 2.3 miles east of the site and no change is anticipated to the boundary of the Sloan Canyon NCA in the future. 3.6.2.2 McCarran International Airport Exhibit III-11depicts the generalized planned land uses in the vicinity of McCarran. McCarran is located in the Paradise Planning Area and is adjacent to the Enterprise (to the south and southwest), Spring Valley (to the west), and Winchester (to the north) planning areas. Planned land uses in the vicinity of McCarran generally represent a continuation of existing land use patterns with infill of mixed-use, commercial, industrial, and single- and multi-family residential uses in vacant areas to the west and southwest, with a shift in use from industrial to commercial adjacent to the airport to the south and east, and a focus on mixed use along the I-15 corridor. The University of Nevada, Las Vegas is located northeast of McCarran. On the west side of McCarran, land uses are planned to be predominantly mixed use, public, and industrial, with small pockets of recreational uses and residential uses. 3.6.2.3 Planned Land Uses beneath Overflight Area Generalized planned land uses in the Overflight Area are shown on Exhibit III-12 . 

### 3.6.3 Zoning Zoning is the traditional mechanism used by local governments to control land use and implement the goals and policies of their general plans or community master plans. Zoning controls the location, type, and intensity of new land uses, and is an important tool for preventing incompatible land uses from being developed in the vicinity of airports. The legal basis for zoning powers is to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public. Since the establishment of zoning powers in the early 1900s, the courts have been consistent in confirming broad discretion to local governments in carrying out their zoning powers, provided that zoning designations are based on a sound land use policy and plan. Zoning authority for unincorporated portions of Clark County, including public lands, rests with the Clark County Zoning Administrator. Each of the incorporated cities in Clark County has zoning authority within the limits of their jurisdiction. Summaries of the zoning ordinances and zoning designations applicable to the Overflight Area and Area of Disturbance, along with associated exhibits, are provided in Appendix E .

### This page intentionally left blank

### This page intentionally left blankClark County Department of Aviation

Final EA for a Southern Nevada Regional Heliport Affected Environment December 2008 

### Generalized Planned Land Uses in the Overflight Area Source: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., August 2007 based on data obtained from the Clark County Department of Comprehensive Planning, February 2005, and Boulder City Department of Community Development, March 2005. Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates, Inc., April 2008. î î î

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# ^ _ North McCullough Wilderness Area Sloan Canyon National

Conservation Area

South McCullough South of Sloan (Proposed Action) McCarran International Airport Rendezvous Point 

# A 160

159 41

165 161 Lake Mead 

# §  ̈ ¦ 215 

# £ ¤

95



# £ ¤

95 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# §  ̈ ¦

15 

# £ ¤

95

Jean Airport Henderson Executive Airport Boulder City Municipal Airport North Las Vegas Airport 

### Legend Proposed 

# ^ _ City of Las Vegas

City of Henderson

Boulder City Unincorporated

Clark County * Recreation include recreational faciliti

Street Interstate U.S. rout Jurisdicti Commer Mixed us School n Religious î Hospital G Structure ^ Day care # Noise sensitive fac
Other features Generalized plann Residenti Residenti



# §  ̈ ¦ £ ¤ Railroad Industrial Bureau of Disposal

Unincorporated

Clark County Unincorporated Clark County Overflight Sunrise Mountain Natural Area

Lake Mead National Recreation Area LAND USE DATA NOT AVAILABLE

W ilderness Area 

### Exhibit III-12 h eliport site

0 4 miles s commercial and non-profit es

h ighway e on al boundary Vacant / tax exempt Park / recreation* c ial e Open space Public
facility lis ted in National Register of Historic Places i lities ed land uses a l multi-family a l single-family Major development project Land Management Area

area