Calendar No. 549

103D CONGRESS

2D SESSION S. 2344

[Report No. 103–328]

A BILL

Science Foundation, and for other purposes.

To authorize appropriations for the National

AUGUST 9 (legislative day, AUGUST 8), 1994

Reported without amendment
II

Calendar No. 549

103D CONGRESS

2D SESSION S. 2344

[Report No. 103–328]

To authorize appropriations for the National Science Foundation, and for

other purposes.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

AUGUST 1 (legislative day, JULY 20), 1994

Mr. KENNEDY (for himself, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. DODD, and Mr. PELL) introduced the following bill; which was

read twice and referred to the Committee on Labor and Human Resources

AUGUST 9 (legislative day, AUGUST 8), 1994

Reported by Mr. KENNEDY, without amendment

A BILL

To authorize appropriations for the National Science

Foundation, and for other purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Science

5 Foundation Authorization Act of 1994’’.
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1 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

2 As used in this Act:

3 (1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ has the

4 meaning given such term under section 2 of the Na5 tional Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C.

6 1861).

7 (2) FOUNDATION.—The term ‘‘Foundation’’

8 has the meaning given such term under section 2 of

9 the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42

10 U.S.C. 1861).

11 (3) BOARD.—The term ‘‘Board’’ has the mean12 ing given such term under section 4 of the National

13 Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).

14 (4) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The

15 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the

16 meaning given such term in section 1201(a) of the

17 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1088(a)).

18 (5) NATIVE AMERICAN.—The term ‘‘Native

19 American’’ means—

20 (A) an Indian, as defined in section 4(d) of

21 the Indian Self-Determination and Education

22 Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(d)); and

23 (B) an Alaska Native, within the meaning

24 provided for the term ‘‘Native’’ in section 3(b)

25 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43

26 U.S.C. 1602(b)).
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1 (7) NATIVE HAWAIIAN.—The term ‘‘Native Ha2 waiian’’ has the meaning given such term in section

3 815(3) of the Native American Programs Act (42

4 U.S.C. 2992c(3)).

5 (8) PACIFIC ISLANDER.—The term ‘‘Pacific Is6 lander’’ means a Pacific Islander within the meaning

7 of the Native American Programs Act of 1974 (42

8 U.S.C. 2991 et seq.).

9 (9) UNITED STATES.—The term ‘‘United

10 States’’ means the several States, the District of Co11 lumbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Vir12 gin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Common13 wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any

14 other territory or possession of the United States.

15 TITLE I—NATIONAL SCIENCE

16 FOUNDATION AUTHORIZATION

17 SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

18 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that—

19 (1) with the end of the Cold War and the col20 lapse of communism, the focus of Federal science

21 and technology policy has shifted away from the na22 tional military security toward the national economic

23 security;

24 (2) support for fundamental research must be

25 part of an integrated Federal investment strategy to
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1 stimulate the creation of new knowledge and new

2 technologies that in turn lead to new employment

3 opportunities, greater economic security, and an im4 proved quality of life for all citizens of the United

5 States;

6 (3) investments in fundamental research must

7 be increased so that such research not only increases

8 the base of knowledge, but also contributes effec9 tively to specific strategic national goals;

10 (4) the education and training of citizens of the

11 United States, particularly citizens who are

12 underrepresented in science and engineering, must

13 be strengthened so that such citizens can work and

14 prosper in the present and future high-technology

15 society; and

16 (5) as the primary supporter of fundamental re17 search and education in the universities of the Unit18 ed States, the Foundation must be at the center of

19 the science and technology policy of the United

20 States.

21 (b) OBJECTIVES.—In carrying out its mission, the

22 Foundation shall—

23 (1) provide national leadership for a research

24 and education enterprise that contributes new
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1 knowledge and educates people to assist in meeting

2 national needs;

3 (2) reach out to individuals from all walks of

4 life and all sectors of society to broaden the base of

5 participation in science, engineering, and technology,

6 and help create a scientifically literate society;

7 (3) maintain an organizational structure that

8 responds quickly and effectively to challenges and

9 opportunities generated in the new world order,

10 while sustaining a research and education enterprise

11 that is committed to excellence;

12 (4) stimulate and support emerging areas of re13 search that may extend beyond existing disciplinary

14 boundaries;

15 (5) promote new modes of cooperation among

16 the universities of the United States and the private

17 sector in order to improve education, to stimulate re18 search advances, and to exploit research results for

19 productive use;

20 (6) develop and strengthen partnerships and

21 working relationships with other Federal agencies,

22 State and local governments, and the private sector,

23 and participate fully to shape and implement an in24 tegrated national science and technology investment

25 strategy;
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1 (7) lead a national effort to modernize the aca2 demic infrastructure of laboratory instrumentation

3 and facilities of the United States, and to maintain

4 such infrastructure at an adequate level to support

5 excellence in research and education; and

6 (8) evaluate the effectiveness of the programs

7 and initiatives of the Foundation in research and

8 education according to performance-based milestones

9 that measure progress toward identified national

10 goals.

11 (c) SPECIAL RULE.—The investments of the Founda12 tion in the improvement of the economic competitiveness

13 of the United States shall be in accordance with the func14 tions of the Foundation as specified by the National

15 Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.).

16 The Foundation may accomplish such investments

17 through the Foundation’s support of basic scientific re18 search and science education and of research fundamental

19 to the engineering process and engineering education.

20 (d) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to author21 ize the programs of the Foundation at a level of funding

22 and authority sufficient to carry out the objectives of the

23 Foundation.
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1 (e) FISCAL YEAR 1995.—For the following cat2 egories, there are authorized to be appropriated to the

3 Foundation for fiscal year 1995 the following sums:

4 (1) Research and related activities,

5 $2,348,700,000.

6 (2) Education and human resources activities,

7 $605,974,000.

8 (3) Academic research instrumentation and fa9 cilities, $300,000,000.

10 (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.

11 (5) Salaries and expenses, $130,720,000.

12 (6) National Science Foundation headquarters

13 relocation, $5,200,000.

14 (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,380,000.

15 (f) FISCAL YEAR 1996.—For the following cat16 egories, there are authorized to be appropriated to the

17 Foundation for fiscal year 1996 the following amounts:

18 (1) Research and related activities,

19 $2,583,600,000.

20 (2) Education and human resources activities,

21 $644,600,000.

22 (3) Academic research instrumentation and fa23 cilities, $400,000,000.

24 (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.

25 (5) Salaries and expenses, $135,900,000.
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1 (6) National Science Foundation headquarters

2 relocation, $5,200,000.

3 (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,500,000.

4 (g) FISCAL YEAR 1997.—For the following cat5 egories, there are authorized to be appropriated to the

6 Foundation for fiscal year 1997 the following amounts:

7 (1) Research and related activities,

8 $2,842,000,000.

9 (2) Education and human resources activities,

10 $709,000,000.

11 (3) Academic research instrumentation and fa12 cilities, $500,000,000.

13 (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.

14 (5) Salaries and expenses, $141,300,000.

15 (6) National Science Foundation headquarters

16 relocation, $5,200,000.

17 (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,620,000.

18 (h) FISCAL YEAR 1998.—For the following cat19 egories, there are authorized to be appropriated to the

20 Foundation for fiscal year 1998 the following amounts:

21 (1) Research and related activities,

22 $3,126,000,000.

23 (2) Education and human resources activities,

24 $780,000,000.
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1 (3) Academic research instrumentation and fa2 cilities, $500,000,000.

3 (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.

4 (5) Salaries and expenses, $147,000,000.

5 (6) National Science Foundation headquarters

6 relocation, $5,200,000.

7 (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,750,000.

8 (i) FISCAL YEAR 1999.—For the following cat9 egories, there are authorized to be appropriated to the

10 Foundation for fiscal year 1999 the following amounts:

11 (1) Research and related activities,

12 $3,439,000,000.

13 (2) Education and human resources activities,

14 $858,000,000.

15 (3) Academic research instrumentation and fa16 cilities, $500,000,000.

17 (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.

18 (5) Salaries and expenses, $152,700,000.

19 (6) Office of Inspector General, $4,880,000.

20 (j) FUNDING PRIORITIES.—In allocating funds au21 thorized under subsections (e), (f), (g), (h), and (i), the

22 Foundation shall give priority to meeting the goals and

23 objectives of the Foundation through the support of basic

24 research and education in the strategic areas authorized

25 under title II.
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1 (k) CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE.—There

2 are authorized to be appropriated to the Critical Tech3 nologies Institute $2,500,000 for fiscal year 1995, and

4 $4,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 through

5 1999.

6 SEC. 102. CONSULTATION AND REPRESENTATION

7 EXPENSES.

8 From appropriations made under authorizations pro9 vided in this Act, not more than $10,000 may be used

10 in each fiscal year for official consultation, representation,

11 or other extraordinary expenses at the discretion of, and

12 as determined by, the Director. The determination of the

13 Director with respect to such expenses shall be final and

14 conclusive upon the accounting officers of the Govern15 ment.

16 SEC. 103. STRATEGIC PLAN.

17 (a) PLAN.—Section 3(f) of the National Science

18 Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1862) is amended to

19 read as follows:

20 ‘‘(f) The Foundation shall prepare and submit to the

21 President an annual strategic plan that shall be submitted

22 by the Director to the Congress at the time of the Presi23 dent’s annual budget submission. The strategic plan

24 shall—
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1 ‘‘(1) define the overall goals for the Foundation

2 and specific goals for each major cross-directorate

3 strategic research and education initiative;

4 ‘‘(2) describe how the identified goals relate to

5 national needs and will exploit new opportunities in

6 science and technology;

7 ‘‘(3) contain a plan for the organization and

8 management of each cross-directorate strategic re9 search and education initiative that is consistent

10 with title II;

11 ‘‘(4) identify the criteria and describe the proce12 dures that the Foundation will use to assess

13 progress toward achieving the goals identified in ac14 cordance with paragraphs (1) and (2);

15 ‘‘(5) review the activities of the Foundation

16 during the preceding year that have contributed to17 ward the achievement of the goals identified in ac18 cordance with paragraphs (1) and (2), and summa19 rize planned activities for the 3 years succeeding the

20 submission of such report in the context of the iden21 tified goals, with particular emphasis on the Foun22 dation’s planned contributions to major multiagency

23 research and education initiatives;

24 ‘‘(6) contain such recommendations as the

25 Foundation considers appropriate; and
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1 ‘‘(7) include information on the acquisition and

2 disposition by the Foundation of any patents and

3 patent rights and licensing agreements.’’.

4 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 107 of the

5 Education for Economic Security Act is repealed (20

6 U.S.C. 3917).

7 SEC. 104. MAJOR RESEARCH EQUIPMENT.

8 No funds appropriated under this title for the pur9 poses of funding any project that involves the construc10 tion, acquisition, or procurement of new major research

11 equipment or construction necessary for upgrading the ca12 pabilities of existing major research equipment, for which

13 the estimated cost to the Foundation for the construction,

14 acquisition, upgrading or procurement of the major re15 search equipment exceeds $25,000,000, shall be obligated

16 for any grant, contract, subcontract, or cooperative agree17 ment unless the funds are specifically approved by the Na18 tional Science Board. This section shall not apply to major

19 research equipment projects approved by the National

20 Science Board prior to June 30, 1994.

21 SEC. 105. INDIRECT COSTS.

22 None of the funds in this Act may be used to reim23 burse grantees for indirect costs at an amount that differs

24 from the amount that would result from procedures in use

25 by Federal agencies on June 1, 1994, or from Office of
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1 Management and Budget Circular A–21, as published in

2 the Federal Register on July 26, 1993, on pages 39996

3 through 39999.

4 TITLE II—RESEARCH AND EDU5 CATION IN STRATEGIC AREAS

6 SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

7 This title may be cited as the ‘‘National Science

8 Foundation Strategic Research and Education Authoriza9 tion Act of 1994’’.

10 SEC. 202. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

11 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

12 (1) Strategic research and education invest13 ments should support discovery, integration, dissemi14 nation, and application of knowledge in areas of

15 clear strategic importance to the United States and

16 where national goals have been identified.

17 (2) Investments in strategic areas require the

18 contributions of many scientific and engineering dis19 ciplines to address complex problems important to

20 the United States.

21 (3) Strong links must be developed and main22 tained between strategic research and education in23 vestments made by the Foundation and related ef24 forts supported by the public and private sectors.
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1 (4) The results of investments in strategic re2 search and education must be evaluated according to

3 performance-based milestones that measure progress

4 toward the national goals identified for such invest5 ments, and this progress must guide the future in6 vestment strategy.

7 (5) For fiscal year 1995, the Foundation has

8 proposed the following strategic initiatives:

9 (A) Advanced manufacturing technology.

10 (B) Advanced materials and processing.

11 (C) Biotechnology.

12 (D) Civil infrastructure systems.

13 (E) Global change research.

14 (F) Environmental research.

15 (G) High performance computing and com16 munications.

17 (H) Science, mathematics, engineering,

18 and technology education.

19 (b) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this title to

20 strengthen the Foundation’s investment in fundamental

21 research and education and training programs in a variety

22 of strategic areas.

23 SEC. 203. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY.

24 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
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1 (1) Manufacturing is fundamental to the

2 strength of the economy of the United States.

3 (2) Continuing development of manufacturing

4 technology, management, and education, including

5 environmentally conscious manufacturing, will be es6 sential for the future economic security of the Unit7 ed States.

8 (3) The Foundation should support an inte9 grated initiative in research and education, empha10 sizing interdisciplinary research and innovative part11 nerships among the academic community, industry,

12 and government, to develop the advanced tech13 nologies, processes, and practices, that will enable

14 high-performance manufacturing in the 21st cen15 tury.

16 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—The Director

17 is authorized to establish a cross-directorate advanced

18 manufacturing technology initiative that complements the

19 efforts of other government agencies and the private sec20 tor. Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards

21 shall be made to individuals, small groups, and research

22 centers to support research and education activities that

23 will accelerate the development and application of ad24 vanced manufacturing technologies to meet national

25 needs.
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1 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

2 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

3 available, to carry out this section, not more than—

4 (1) $213,170,000 for fiscal year 1995;

5 (2) $253,670,000 for fiscal year 1996;

6 (3) $301,870,000 for fiscal year 1997;

7 (4) $359,230,000 for fiscal year 1998; and

8 (5) $427,480,000 for fiscal year 1999.

9 SEC. 204. ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING.

10 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

11 (1) Advances in materials have made dramatic

12 improvements in the capabilities, potential, reliabil13 ity, and limitations of technology over the past sev14 eral decades, and further investment promises to en15 able progress across a broad range of technological

16 areas important to build a more productive economy

17 and improve the quality of life.

18 (2) The Foundation should support inter19 disciplinary research and education to develop new

20 materials and processing technologies for such mate21 rials in a way that couples academic materials re22 search effectively with potential users of research re23 sults in materials-dependent industries.

24 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—The Director

25 is authorized to establish a cross-directorate advanced ma-
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1 terials and processing initiative that complements the ef2 forts of the Advanced Research Projects Agency, other

3 government agencies, and the private sector. Under the

4 initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be made

5 to individuals, small groups, and research centers to sup6 port research and education activities that will accelerate

7 the development and application of new research results

8 that can be applied toward a variety of national needs.

9 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

10 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

11 available, to carry out this section, not more than—

12 (1) $313,180,000 for fiscal year 1995;

13 (2) $344,500,000 for fiscal year 1996;

14 (3) $378,950,000 for fiscal year 1997;

15 (4) $416,840,000 for fiscal year 1998; and

16 (5) $458,530,000 for fiscal year 1999.

17 SEC. 205. BIOTECHNOLOGY.

18 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

19 (1) By the year 2000, the biotechnology indus20 try is projected to have sales reaching

21 $50,000,000,000 in the United States, with the po22 tential for thousands of new jobs, and renewed eco23 nomic growth if the United States maintains its

24 leadership in such industry.
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1 (2) The Foundation should invest in a research

2 and education initiative, supporting a wide range of

3 areas including environmental biotechnology,

4 bioprocessing, bioconversion, plant biotechnology,

5 marine biotechnology, the social and economic di6 mensions of biotechnology, and infrastructure-build7 ing in instrumentation, databases, research re8 sources, and training.

9 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—The Director

10 is authorized to establish a cross-directorate biotechnology

11 research initiative that complements the efforts of other

12 government agencies and the private sector. Under the ini13 tiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to

14 individuals, small groups, and research centers to support

15 research and education activities that—

16 (1) will extend the scientific and technical foun17 dations necessary for progress in biotechnology;

18 (2) ensure the development of human resource

19 foundations;

20 (3) accelerate the transfer of biotechnology re21 search discoveries to commercial applications and

22 eliminate unnecessary barriers to commercialization;

23 and
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1 (4) realize the benefits of biotechnology to the

2 health and well-being of the population and the pro3 tection and restoration of the environment.

4 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

5 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

6 available, to carry out this section, not more than—

7 (1) $205,690,000 for fiscal year 1995;

8 (2) $230,370,000 for fiscal year 1996;

9 (3) $258,020,000 for fiscal year 1997;

10 (4) $288,980,000 for fiscal year 1998; and

11 (5) $323,660,000 for fiscal year 1999.

12 SEC. 206. CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS.

13 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

14 (1) The economic security and quality of life for

15 United States citizens depend on the vitality of the

16 national civil infrastructure.

17 (2) There is an urgent need to rebuild obsolete

18 and deteriorated civil infrastructure systems, but the

19 cost may be prohibitive without innovations in mate20 rials, construction automation, nondestructive eval21 uation methods, strategic management and mainte22 nance, design based on total system performance,

23 safety and reliability, adaptive functionality, and

24 evaluation of socioeconomic impacts.
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1 (3) The Foundation should invest in an inter2 disciplinary, systems-oriented research and education

3 program that can effectively address the challenge of

4 intelligent infrastructure renewal.

5 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—The Director

6 is authorized to establish a cross-directorate civil infra7 structure systems initiative that complements the efforts

8 of other government agencies and the private sector.

9 Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall

10 be made to individuals, small groups, and research centers

11 to support research and education activities that will sup12 port the development and application of new scientific and

13 engineering knowledge in such areas as deterioration

14 science, assessment technologies, renewal engineering, and

15 institutional effectiveness and productivity.

16 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

17 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

18 available, to carry out this section, not more than—

19 (1) $54,100,000 for fiscal year 1995;

20 (2) $64,920,000 for fiscal year 1996;

21 (3) $77,900,000 for fiscal year 1997;

22 (4) $93,480,000 for fiscal year 1998; and

23 (5) $112,180,000 for fiscal year 1999.

24 SEC. 207. GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH.

25 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
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1 (1) Global change research provides the founda2 tion for understanding and evaluating the changing

3 world, and encourages wise decisions for the future

4 of the United States and the international commu5 nity.

6 (2) The global change research and education

7 initiative of the Foundation should be coordinated

8 with the interagency Global Change Research Pro9 gram and should seek to—

10 (A) develop options for increasing the sus11 tainability of human communities and protect12 ing the environment; and

13 (B) support national and international pol14 icy formulation and evaluation.

15 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—The Director

16 is authorized to establish a cross-directorate global change

17 research initiative that complements the efforts of the

18 interagency Global Change Research Program. Under the

19 initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be made

20 to individuals, small groups, and research centers to sup21 port research and education activities that will advance

22 fundamental understandings of dynamic physical, biologi23 cal, and socioeconomic systems and the interactions

24 among such systems, and the likelihood and extent of pos25 sible global change.
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1 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

2 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

3 available, to carry out this section, not more than—

4 (1) $190,520,000 for fiscal year 1995;

5 (2) $200,050,000 for fiscal year 1996;

6 (3) $210,050,000 for fiscal year 1997;

7 (4) $220,550,000 for fiscal year 1998; and

8 (5) $231,580,000 for fiscal year 1999.

9 SEC. 208. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

10 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

11 (1) Today, the Federal Government spends an

12 estimated $6,000,000,000 on environmental research

13 and development, yet environmental problems persist

14 and new problems emerge that endanger the quality

15 of life.

16 (2) Federally supported environmental research

17 must be coupled more closely to environmental policy

18 in order to focus the research on critical policy ques19 tions and to enable decisionmakers to take advan20 tage of the most recent, highest quality research re21 sults.

22 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director is authorized

24 to establish a cross-directorate environmental re25 search initiative that complements the efforts of
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1 other government agencies and the private sector.

2 Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards

3 shall be made to individuals, small groups, and re4 search centers to support research and education ac5 tivities that will focus on such topics as—

6 (A) research on the effects of biodiversity

7 on the health of ecosystems;

8 (B) infrastructure support for biological

9 field stations;

10 (C) environmental education;

11 (D) computer modeling of changing envi12 ronmental conditions; and

13 (E) research on new technologies for pollu14 tion prevention and environmental remediation,

15 and environmentally benign chemical synthesis

16 and processing.

17 (2) ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL ENVIRON18 MENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM.—As part of the envi19 ronmental research initiative authorized under para20 graph (1), the Director is authorized to establish a

21 National Environmental Research Program to in22 clude the following components:

23 (A) NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RE24 SEARCH FORUM.—The Director is authorized to

25 establish a National Environmental Research
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1 Forum composed of representatives of the pri2 vate sector, including industrial consortia, sci3 entific and engineering societies and associa4 tions, nongovernmental organizations, the

5 Foundation, and other relevant Federal agen6 cies for the purpose of developing an environ7 mental research agenda that will be scientif8 ically significant, be relevant from a sociopoliti9 cal point of view, will have a direct connection

10 to the knowledge needs of managers and others

11 whose decisions have environmental con12 sequences, and will use risk-benefit criteria to

13 assign priorities on the research agenda.

14 (B) NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RE15 SEARCH CENTERS.—The Director, with the co16 operation of other Federal agencies, is author17 ized to establish, through a competitive, merit18 based review process, one or more National

19 Centers for Environmental Research to conduct

20 multidisciplinary research that responds to the

21 information needs of, and the research agenda

22 established by, the National Environmental Re23 search Forum.

24 (C) NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL FELLOW25 SHIP PROGRAM.—The Director, with the co-
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1 operation of other relevant Federal agencies, is

2 authorized to establish, through a competitive,

3 merit-based process, a fellowship program to

4 provide support for personnel exchanges be5 tween academic institutions, Federal, State, and

6 local agencies, industry and industrial consor7 tia, and other private sector organizations con8 cerned with information needs and responsibil9 ities for environmental decisionmaking.

10 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

11 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

12 available not more than—

13 (1) $156,040,000 for fiscal year 1995, of which

14 not more than $20,000,000 may be used for the Na15 tional Environmental Research Program;

16 (2) $171,640,000 for fiscal year 1996, of which

17 not more than $30,000,000 may be used for the Na18 tional Environmental Research Program;

19 (3) $188,810,000 for fiscal year 1997, of which

20 not more than $40,000,000 may be used for the Na21 tional Environmental Research Program;

22 (4) $207,690,000 for fiscal year 1998, of which

23 not more than $50,000,000 may be used for the Na24 tional Environmental Research Program; and
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1 (5) $228,460,000 for fiscal year 1999, of which

2 not more than $60,000,000 may be used for the Na3 tional Environmental Research Program.

4 SEC. 209. HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMU5 NICATIONS.

6 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

7 (1) High performance computing and commu8 nications promote sharing of information, wide dis9 semination of advances in innovative technologies,

10 and improved productivity and industrial competi11 tiveness.

12 (2) In addition to supporting innovative re13 search and education, the investments of the Foun14 dation in high performance computing and commu15 nications should—

16 (A) support the National Information In17 frastructure through application-driven research

18 including proof-of-principle demonstrations;

19 (B) develop, provide, and support national

20 research and education networking services and

21 capabilities; and

22 (C) make advanced computing, commu23 nications, and information infrastructure acces24 sible to the broadest possible segment of soci25 ety.
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1 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—The Director

2 is authorized to establish a cross-directorate high perform3 ance computing and communications initiative under

4 which competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to

5 individuals, small groups, and research centers to support

6 research and education activities that will focus on such

7 issues as—

8 (1) the expansion and technological develop9 ment of the National Science Foundation Computer

10 Network (NSFNET);

11 (2) support for existing supercomputer and re12 search centers;

13 (3) Grand Challenge and National Challenge

14 application groups;

15 (4) research infrastructure;

16 (5) disciplinary high performance computing re17 search programs; and

18 (6) education and training.

19 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

20 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

21 available, to carry out this section, not more than—

22 (1) $328,620,000 for fiscal year 1995;

23 (2) $345,050,000 for fiscal year 1996;

24 (3) $362,300,000 for fiscal year 1997;

25 (4) $380,420,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
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1 (5) $399,440,000 for fiscal year 1999.

2 SEC. 210. SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING, AND

3 TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION.

4 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

5 (1) In international comparisons, the United

6 States ranks below most other developed nations in

7 science and mathematics.

8 (2) The United States will need a broadly com9 petent, scientifically literate workforce in order to

10 sustain a strong and productive economy in the com11 ing decades.

12 (3) The Foundation is the appropriate agency

13 to lead an interagency initiative to support innova14 tive approaches to improve science, mathematics, en15 gineering, and technology education at all levels so

16 that all citizens of the United States can work in

17 and enjoy the benefits of the rapidly changing, high18 technology economy.

19 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—The Director

20 is authorized to establish a cross-directorate science,

21 mathematics, engineering, and technology education ini22 tiative under which competitive, merit-based awards shall

23 be made, in cooperation with the Department of Edu24 cation and other relevant Federal agencies, States and

25 local government, institutions of higher education, and the
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1 private sector, to individuals, small groups, and centers

2 to support research and education activities that fun3 damentally will reform and improve the mathematics and

4 science education enterprise of the United States at all

5 levels of education.

6 (c) FUNDING.—From the amounts appropriated for

7 a fiscal year under section 101, the Director shall make

8 available, to carry out this section, not more than—

9 (1) $650,190,000 for fiscal year 1995;

10 (2) $715,210,000 for fiscal year 1996;

11 (3) $786,730,000 for fiscal year 1997;

12 (4) $865,400,000 for fiscal year 1998; and

13 (5) $951,940,000 for fiscal year 1999.

14 SEC. 211. ADDITIONAL STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.

15 The Director, with the advice and consent of the

16 Board and in consultation with the Office of Science and

17 Technology Policy, is authorized to support, modify, and

18 as, appropriate, add or eliminate strategic initiatives in re19 search and education based on emerging national needs

20 and the ability of science and engineering to contribute

21 in meaningful and significant ways toward identified na22 tional needs and objectives.

23 SEC. 212. SUPPORT FOR STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.

24 To support the strategic initiatives authorized by this

25 title, the Director shall make available not more than—
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1 (1) $1,760,400,000 for fiscal year 1995;

2 (2) $1,936,920,000 for fiscal year 1996;

3 (3) $2,130,600,000 for fiscal year 1997;

4 (4) $2,343,600,000 for fiscal year 1998; and

5 (5) $2,578,200,000 for fiscal year 1999.

6 SEC. 213. TRANSFER AUTHORITY.

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—Funds may be transferred among

8 directorates and strategic initiatives within the research

9 and related activities category so long as the net funds

10 transferred to or from any directorate or initiative does

11 not exceed 10 percent of the amount budgeted for that

12 directorate or strategic initiative.

13 (b) TRANSFERS EXCEEDING TEN PERCENT.—In ad14 dition, the Director may propose transfer to or from any

15 directorate or strategic initiative within the research and

16 related activities category an amount exceeding 10 percent

17 of the amount budgeted for that directorate or strategic

18 initiative. An explanation of any such proposed transfer

19 must be transmitted in writing to the Committees on

20 Labor and Human Resources and Commerce, Science, and

21 Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on

22 Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep23 resentatives. The proposed transfer may not be made until

24 30 calendar days after the date of the transmission of the

25 written explanation.
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1 TITLE III—GENERAL

2 PROVISIONS

3 SEC. 301. AMENDMENTS TO THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH FA4 CILITIES MODERNIZATION ACT OF 1988.

5 (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Section 203(a)(1) of the Aca6 demic Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42

7 U.S.C. 1862b(a)(1)) is amended to read as follows:

8 ‘‘(a)(1) To carry out this title, the Director shall es9 tablish a new Academic Research Instrumentation and

10 Facilities Modernization Program (hereafter in this title

11 referred to as the ‘‘Program’’) to provide awards to insti12 tutions of higher education, independent nonprofit re13 search institutions, and research museums, and consortia

14 thereof, to carry out projects with respect to—

15 ‘‘(A) the acquisition of research instrumenta16 tion; or

17 ‘‘(B) the repair, renovation, or, in exceptional

18 cases, replacement of obsolete science and engineer19 ing facilities that are primarily used for research.’’.

20 (b) PROGRAM PROJECTS.—Section 203(b)(1) of the

21 Academic Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988

22 (42 U.S.C. 1862b(b)(1)) is amended to read as follows:

23 ‘‘(b)(1) The Program shall be carried out through

24 projects—

25 ‘‘(1) that involve—
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1 ‘‘(A) acquisition of state-of-the-art re2 search instrumentation; or

3 ‘‘(B) the repair, renovation, or, in excep4 tional cases, replacement of specific science and

5 engineering facilities of the entities that are de6 voted primarily to research; and

7 ‘‘(2) for which funds are awarded in response

8 to specific proposals submitted by the entities in ac9 cordance with grant requirements prescribed by the

10 Director under section 204.’’.

11 (c) PROCEDURES.—Section 204(a)(2)(C) of the Aca12 demic Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42

13 U.S.C. 1862c(a)(2)(C)) is amended by striking ‘‘but at

14 least 30 percent’’ and inserting ‘‘but at least 20 percent’’.

15 (d) SET-ASIDE FOR CERTAIN INSTITUTIONS.—Sec16 tion 205 of the Academic Research Facilities Moderniza17 tion Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862d) is amended by strik18 ing ‘‘at least 12 percent’’ and inserting ‘‘not more than

19 20 percent’’.

20 SEC. 302. AMENDMENTS TO THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEER21 ING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ACT.

22 (a) OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS.—Section 32 of

23 the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42

24 U.S.C. 1885) is amended by adding at the end the follow25 ing new subsection:
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1 ‘‘(c)(1) The Congress finds that Native Hawaiian

2 students, students who are Pacific Islanders, and Native

3 American students are underrepresented in science, com4 puter science, and engineering. Such students face both

5 cultural barriers to the study of science and geographical

6 isolation.

7 ‘‘(2) The Director is authorized to make awards to

8 institutions of higher education, including community col9 leges, and local educational agencies to work in partner10 ship with community organizations to develop and imple11 ment science, computer science, technology, and mathe12 matics curricula that—

13 ‘‘(A) are in accord with the traditional cultural

14 values of the students described in paragraph (1);

15 ‘‘(B) emphasize the scientific achievements of

16 the native cultures of such students; and

17 ‘‘(C) encourage enrollment of such students in

18 higher education.’’.

19 (b) COMMITTEE ON EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN

20 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.—Section 36 of the Science

21 and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C.

22 1885c) is amended—

23 (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘individuals

24 with disabilities,’’ after ‘‘minorities,’’;
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1 (2) in subsection (b), by striking the second

2 sentence and inserting the following: ‘‘The Chair3 persons of relevant committees or subcommittees of

4 the National Science Board, as designated by the

5 Chairperson of the Board, shall be ex officio mem6 bers of the Committee.’’;

7 (3) by striking subsections (c) and (d);

8 (4) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as

9 subsections (d) and (e), respectively;

10 (5) by inserting after subsection (b) the follow11 ing new subsection:

12 ‘‘(c) The Committee shall be responsible for reviewing

13 and evaluating all Foundation matters as such matters re14 late to participation in, opportunities for, and advance15 ment in education, training, and research in science and

16 engineering of members of underrepresented groups.’’;

17 and

18 (6) in subsection (d) (as redesignated by para19 graph (4)), by striking ‘‘additional’’.

20 SEC. 303. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE PROGRAMS.

21 (a) COOPERATIVE PROJECTS WITH LATIN AMERICA

22 GRANTS.—

23 (1) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the follow24 ing:
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1 (A) The recent lowering of trade barriers

2 will increase the exchange of technologies and

3 technically trained personnel with the countries

4 of Latin America.

5 (B) To promote such exchange, scientists

6 from the United States should establish cooper7 ative projects in scientific and engineering re8 search with scientists in the countries of Latin

9 America.

10 (2) AUTHORITY.—The Director is authorized to

11 make grants to organizations within the United

12 States, including colleges and universities, for the

13 purpose of promoting cooperative research projects

14 between scientists in the United States and sci15 entists in Latin American organizations. Prior to

16 making any grants under this section, the Director

17 shall make a determination that—

18 (A) the project has scientific merit as de19 termined by standard Foundation procedures;

20 (B) the project will encourage the develop21 ment of infrastructure connections between co22 operating institutions that can be used in sup23 port of future projects; and
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1 (C) at least 50 percent of the funding for

2 the project will be provided by the Latin Amer3 ican partner.

4 (3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—

5 There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out

6 this section $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years

7 1995, and such sums as may be necessary for each

8 of the succeeding 3 fiscal years.

9 (4) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this sec10 tion, the Director shall coordinate with Federal

11 agencies, such as the Agency for International De12 velopment, which have expertise in cooperative inter13 national projects.

14 (b) U.S.-NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES COLLABO15 RATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM.—

16 (1) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the follow17 ing:

18 (A) The dissolution of the Soviet Union

19 has been accompanied by economic dislocation

20 in the Russian Federation and the other repub21 lics. As a result, scientific establishments have

22 been seriously and adversely affected.

23 (B) United States support for emerging

24 democratic institutions in the newly independ25 ent states can be greatly enhanced by assisting
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1 in the development of a sound economic struc2 ture. A productive economy must be sustained

3 by a healthy scientific and technological infra4 structure.

5 (C) Despite their difficult environment, sci6 entists in the newly independent states are

7 world experts in selected fields. Collaborative

8 research can benefit all international partners,

9 including the United States.

10 (D) The newly independent states are

11 faced with the imminent dissolution of the sci12 entific and technological infrastructure of such

13 states and the emigration of the best scientists

14 and engineers of such states. Loss of the most

15 highly educated and trained citizens will greatly

16 impede development of democratic institutions

17 and private enterprise within the region.

18 (E) Modest external resources can be le19 veraged to provide a significant source of sup20 port for scientists and engineers in the newly

21 independent states, engaged in both civilian and

22 defense related research, most of whom do not

23 wish to leave their homelands.

24 (F) The United States has long recognized

25 that effective communication between the re-
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1 search and industrial communities is necessary

2 for both to remain healthy and can be achieved

3 through collaborative research projects. Sci4 entists and entrepreneurs in the emerging re5 publics have little understanding or experience

6 with commercial business practice. These skills

7 can best be developed through cooperative ar8 rangements with United States counterparts.

9 (G) Collaborative research with the sci10 entific community can sustain excellence while

11 encouraging the transition toward democratiza12 tion and practical application and transfer of

13 research efforts to the emerging private sector.

14 Such collaboration links United States research15 ers and businesses to highly trained personnel

16 and sophisticated new technologies and manu17 facturing processes.

18 (H) The most effective kind of support

19 would—

20 (i) be mutually beneficial to the both

21 United States and the Newly Independent

22 States scientists and engineers;

23 (ii) take advantage of existing rela24 tionships, special expertise, and unique re-
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1 search facilities in the newly independent

2 states;

3 (iii) provide salary support to sci4 entists and engineers in the Newly Inde5 pendent States working on collaborative

6 projects; and

7 (iv) provide support within the next 6

8 to 12 months.

9 (2) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Di10 rector is authorized to establish a cross-directorate

11 program between the United States and the Newly

12 Independent States under which competitive, merit13 based awards shall be made to individuals, small

14 groups, and research centers to support collaborative

15 research efforts between scientists and engineers

16 from the United States and the Newly Independent

17 States. Options for support should include—

18 (A) supplements to existing National

19 Science Foundation research centers including

20 Engineering Research Centers, Science and

21 Technology Centers, Industry-University Coop22 erative Research Centers, and Materials Re23 search Science and Engineering Centers, to es24 tablish collaborative research programs with
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1 counterpart institutions in the Newly Independ2 ent States;

3 (B) collaborative research in the strategic

4 areas such as environmental research, advanced

5 materials, and related disciplines with awards

6 and supplements made to United States institu7 tions to develop joint research projects to gain

8 access to specialized and unique facilities in the

9 Newly Independent States;

10 (C) supplement existing individual inves11 tigator research awards that would identify

12 promising opportunities for scientific and tech13 nological collaboration with scientists and engi14 neers in the Newly Independent States; and

15 (D) special awards to support coordination

16 and cooperative planning activities to improve

17 communication and the development of long18 term interactions between scientists and engi19 neers in the United States and the Newly Inde20 pendent States.

21 (3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—

22 There are authorized to be appropriated to the Di23 rector $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1995,

24 $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, $30,000,000 for
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1 fiscal year 1997, $40,000,000 for fiscal year 1998,

2 and $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1999.

3 SEC. 304. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COM4 PETITIVE RESEARCH.

5 (a) AUTHORITY.—The Director shall continue to

6 carry out the Experimental Program to Stimulate Com7 petitive Research (hereafter referred to in this section as

8 the ‘‘Program’’) to award research grants to entities that

9 are located in States that—

10 (1) historically have received relatively little

11 Federal research and development funding; and

12 (2) have demonstrated a commitment to develop

13 the research bases of such States and improve

14 science and engineering research and education pro15 grams within such States.

16 (b) ELIGIBILITY.—Entities in those States in which

17 awards have been made under the Program shall be eligi18 ble to compete for support under the Program provided

19 that the State provides assurances of matching funds and

20 submits a proposal consistent with the goals and objectives

21 of the program as established by the Director. All awards

22 made by the Director shall be based on a competitive,

23 merit-based review process.
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1 SEC. 305. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING FELLOWS PRO2 GRAM.

3 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that—

4 (1) maintaining an economically competitive

5 workforce requires high quality undergraduate edu6 cation in science, mathematics, and engineering, not

7 only for students who will specialize in those fields,

8 but for all undergraduate students; and

9 (2) demonstrated excellence in providing such

10 education is frequently not recognized appropriately.

11 (b) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section:

12 (1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘department’’

13 means the department—

14 (A) located at the institution where a fel15 low is a faculty member; and

16 (B) in which such fellow is assigned to pro17 vide instruction to undergraduate students in a

18 subject area under the jurisdiction of the de19 partment.

20 (2) FELLOW.—The term ‘‘fellow’’ means an in21 dividual who is selected as a fellow under paragraph

22 (5) of subsection (d).

23 (3) INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM.—The term

24 ‘‘interdisciplinary program’’ means an instructional

25 program that—
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1 (A) combines members of two or more of

2 the traditional academic departments; and

3 (B) is empowered to recommend members

4 of its faculty for tenure.

5 (c) DESIGNATION OF FELLOWS.—Individuals receiv6 ing awards under this section shall be known as ‘‘National

7 Undergraduate Teaching Fellows’’.

8 (d) AUTHORITY.—

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director is authorized

10 to—

11 (A) select annually individuals who are fac12 ulty members teaching undergraduate courses

13 at institutions of higher education to be teach14 ing fellows;

15 (B) award fellowships to such individuals

16 to carry out projects described in paragraph

17 (3); and

18 (C) make grants to the departments or

19 interdisciplinary programs of the institutions

20 where the fellows are faculty members to carry

21 out the activity described in paragraph (3).

22 (2) AMOUNT OF FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS.—

23 (A) FELLOW.—The Director is authorized

24 to award a fellowship in the amount of at least
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1 $100,000 over 3 years to each fellow to carry

2 out the projects described in paragraph (3).

3 (B) DEPARTMENT.—The Director is au4 thorized to make a grant in the amount of at

5 least $60,000 over 3 years to the department or

6 interdisciplinary program of the institution

7 where each fellow is a faculty member.

8 (3) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—Amounts award9 ed under paragraph (2) shall be used—

10 (A) in the case of a fellowship awarded to

11 a fellow, to carry out projects to improve under12 graduate science, mathematics, or engineering

13 education; and

14 (B) in the case of a grant made to the de15 partment or interdisciplinary program of an in16 stitution where a fellow is a faculty member, for

17 the improvement of undergraduate education.

18 (4) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a

19 fellowship or grant under this title, an individual de20 scribed in paragraph (1)(A) shall—

21 (A) be nominated by the institution where

22 such individual is a faculty member;

23 (B) hold a tenure track appointment in

24 such institution; and
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1 (C) submit to the Director a written pro2 posal, with respect to the improvement of un3 dergraduate education at such institution, at

4 such time, in such manner, and accompanied by

5 such information as the Director may reason6 ably require.

7 (5) SELECTION REQUIREMENTS.—The Director

8 shall select a fellow on the basis of the—

9 (A) performance of such fellow in improv10 ing undergraduate education at the institution

11 where such fellow is a faculty member;

12 (B) proposal submitted under paragraph

13 (4); and

14 (C) excellence of such fellow as an under15 graduate teacher.

16 (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There

17 are authorized to be appropriated $1,500,000 for the fis18 cal year 1995, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, and

19 $4,500,000 for each of the succeeding fiscal years to carry

20 out this section.

21 SEC. 306. ADMINISTRATIVE AMENDMENTS.

22 (a) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ACT OF 1950

23 AMENDMENTS.—

24 (1) NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD.—Section 4(e)

25 of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42
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1 U.S.C. 1863(e)) is amended by striking the second

2 and third sentences and inserting the following:

3 ‘‘The Board shall adopt procedures governing the

4 conduct of its meetings, including procedures with

5 respect to the requirements of a quorum and the de6 livery of notice of meetings to members of the

7 Board.’’.

8 (2) DIRECTOR OF THE FOUNDATION.—Section

9 5(e)(2) of the National Science Foundation Act of

10 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1864(e)(2)) is amended to read as

11 follows:

12 ‘‘(2) Any delegation of authority or imposition of con13 ditions under paragraph (1) shall be promptly published

14 in the Federal Register and reported to the Committees

15 on Labor and Human Resources and Commerce, Science,

16 and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on

17 Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep18 resentatives.’’.

19 (3) MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.—Section 14

20 of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42

21 U.S.C. 1873) is amended by striking subsection (j).

22 (4) SECURITY PROVISIONS.—Section 15(a) of

23 the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42

24 U.S.C. 1874(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘Atomic
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1 Energy Commission’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of

2 Energy’’.

3 (b) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AUTHORIZA4 TION ACT OF 1988 AMENDMENTS.—Section

5 117(a)(1)(B)(v) of the National Science Foundation Au6 thorization Act of 1988 is amended to read as follows:

7 ‘‘(v) from schools established outside the several

8 States and the District of Columbia by any agency

9 of the Federal Government for dependents of such

10 employees.’’.

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